ABPL20033 - Construction Analysis, Semester 2 - 2018 Dr Alberto Pugnale – Subject coordinator Dr Sofia Colabella – Senior Tutor Pei Wen Kwek – Tutor Andrew MacKinnon, 836149, 21/10/2018 The Black House- Krisna Cheung Architects, T03 ASSIGNMENT 3
FLIPBOOK SECTION 3D: Layers of information
1. Structural Systems, below ground How did the site condition affect the design of the house?
Trees
Neighbouring house to east
Bobcat and excavator for main excavation Simple site excavation to flatten site and dig trenches for slab
Fill Moist silty clay (abnormal moisture)
Flat site, ideal for concrete slab
Class P, H2 Site Tree root barrier needed on north of site
Run off, due to gradient of slope, from N-E corner of block to S-W corner where street and lane meet
Structural systems, below ground
Horizontal
Vertical Helped guide layout of house, balconies on other side,
Existing bluestone wall to west
Influenced cantilever to make house appear to hover above wall
North Sun
Living areas and larger garden space to north
Street to south
Gas and plumbing considered before concrete poured
Sewer pit, LPD, gas mains all connected to pipes, capped off until services connected
Slab beam 550mm deap to provide enough structural support in the moist silty clay soil
Set Down
Concrete 20MPa grade, 20mm nominal max aggregate size, 80mm slump
50mm Packing Sand to make more reliable surface to work on
3000mm
Slab
150mm depth
SL92
Slab Beam Pad Footing
550mm depth to provide support for building in moist soil
3-L12TM
SL92 600mm depth to deal with point load of columns
House layout influenced by proximity to these services, to reduce pipes, time, and to simplify plumbers work
Set Down
SL92 Square Mesh Bar Chairs
50mm Packing sand
Top Reo 3-L12TM Trench Mesh
Concrete slab thermal mass utilised for hydronic heating, whilst also saving space and allowing for a polished conrete finish
Bottom Reo 3-L12TM Trench Mesh
Exisiting bluestone wall helped to inspire cantilever on second storey
Bar Chairs 3-L12TM Trench Mesh
Class P Silty Clay Soil
Scale: 1:50 A3 1000
50mm Packing Sand to make more reliable surface to work on
SL92 Square Mesh 0.2mm Polythene waterproof membrane
Slab flush with wall to maximise use of block and to allow back to back walls. A buffer for privacy from more private rooms
Set downs at entry ways to avoid water running into building
Allows for freedom of room layout
Relatively flat site allows for a simple flat slab. A few set downs occur at entry ways and the beams and footings must be deeper than usual to cater for the moist silty soil
0
Concrtee slab allows for almost any room configuration allowing for a flexible floor plan
ABPL20033 - 2018, Andrew MacKinnon | 836149 |T03, Pei Wen Kwek
Root barrier to stop north trees impacting slab
Scale: 1:100 A3 0
2000
6000mm
2. Structural Systems, above ground How does the structure define the composition of architectural form and space?
Beams
250UC72.9, 200UB29.8 + 200UB25.4
Steel Primary Structure
Influenced by Bento Box
Ground Floor
Secondary Structure
First Floor
Structural Systems, above ground
Bracing
Roof
Sheeting
Primary Load Bearing Stud Walls
Allows light spacious feel.
Bracing Ties
Yellowtongue flooring
Posistruts take similar loads to floor joists however allows for services to be run through gaps and insulation to be easily installed
Bracing Ties
Load bearing walls allow partitions and structural elements to double as one, meaning no columns in the middle of rooms.
Partitions allow smaller spaces for more private activities
Lysaight Trimdek Roof Sheeting
Roof trusses slope inwards to box gutter. Parapet wall hides roof, creating a clean box shape.
Hidden behind parapet to create appearance of flat roof
Horizontal
Nogging
Top plate
Balcony framing is not primary structure but is included due to being steel and carries load of cladding
Loads are distributed from trusses down to stud walls, then onto beams and steel work and then into slab.
The roof trusses can span half the house, reducing the need for extra load bearing walls or columns. This opens up rooms Cladding is attached to walls, hiding the structural elements, but keeping true to the form and shape of the building
290 x 90 F17 KD HWD
290 x 90 F17 KD HWD
200UB29.8 Metal bracing resists lateral loads. Plywood bracing is also used in other sections of house
Open communal space vs small private space
Open plan kitchen dining area possible
Prefabricated steel for balconies allows for greater precision and faster build time. Curves for corner balconies achieved in factory.
Bracing Ties
Secondary Load Bearing Stud Walls
Shades ground floor from harsh west sun and creates the hovering effect
Primary structure steel members located where spaces are larger and more open plan. Steel able to take a larger load while taking up the same space.
Allow for larger windows without compromising stud wall load bearing capacity
Posistruts
Bracing tie
Nail plates
Allows for cantilevered west first floor
Prefabricated Steel Balcony Frame
Powertruss
Roof Trusses
Form kept, however all structural members are hidden by exterior cladding and interior plasterboard
Beams located where loads are less.
89 x 89 SHS + 90 x 90 SHS
200UB25.4
250UC72.9
90x90 SHS
Powertruss 89x89 SHS
Cantilever achieved with use of steels strenght 1st level appears to hover
90x90 SHS
Posistruts are secondary structural items as they sit on the columns and beams
Decking Joists
89x89 SHS
Scale: 1:50 A3 0
1000
Powertruss takes loads from around windows in order to stop cracking of larger windows
Steel members take a greater load than timber for the same space taken up. They allow the large open plan space to work, whiles remaining within the 300mm space between floors
3000mm
ABPL20033 - 2018, Andrew MacKinnon | 836149 |T03, Pei Wen Kwek
Scale: 1:100 A3 0
2000
6000mm
3. Internal (non-load bearing) partitions How do the internal partitions organise the life inside the building?
Plasterboard
Internal Non-Load Bearing Stud Walls
Plasterboard
By waterproofing and tiling the partions, the room becomes a bathroom
Tiles
Waterproofing
White Paint
Rooms Carpet and Built in robes indicate the room is a bedroom
Fixed
1st Floor
Internal Partitions Stairs
Plasterboard
Timber Cladding
Fibre Cement Sheets
Waterproofing
Yellow Tongue Floor board
Laundry Tiles
Timber cladding creates and outdoor feel for the laundry
Carpet Provides a gradient between the hard ground floor concrtee and the soft 1st floor carpet
Victorian Ash
Interior Doors Movable
Allows circulation through space and cross ventilation Joinery Doors and Draws
No Partitions
Open plan living space
Divides storage space from circulation/ living space. Hides clutter and stores things that aren’t aethetically pleasing More public/communal space. For everyday activities. Much more natural light from north Private rooms have doors, shared rooms open
Movable Door
Plasterboard divides roofspace from rooms Bathroom is smaller, private space so partions help create this room
Private room has partions to create storage for personal things
BIR organises clothes and objects from open space Desk and shelves
Walls Walls Void increases height of space, and adds to verticallity of stairs. No partitions sometimes better
Movable Door
Stairs are threshold between floors
Movable Joinery Door
Divides outside courtyard from inside hallway
Non load bearing stud walls allow smaller partions for rooms such as the powder room Sliding door
Cupboard doors
Large open plan space for living, dining and kitchen. More public, exposed and lots of natural light
Scale: 1:100 A3
Scale: 1:50 A3 0
1000
3000mm
ABPL20033 - 2018, Andrew MacKinnon | 836149 |T03, Pei Wen Kwek
0
2000
6000mm
4. Environmental Protections How did the architect approach the design of environmental protections? Do the elevations express or hide environmental protections?
Trimdek Roof sheeting
Box Gutters
Waterproofing Environmental Protections
Insulation
Thermalwall Plus Foam
Horizontal
Hidden by parapet and decking in middle balcony
Sisalation
Hidden by cladding
Flashing
Hidden by cladding
Capping
Visible
Windows
Vertical
R1.5 Bulk Insulation (Walls)
Vertical
R3.5 Bulk Insulation (Roof)
Horizontal
Fire Proof Membrane
Vertical
Hidden from exterior elevation by cladding for a clean finished expression. Visible from middle balcony.
Downpipes
Parapet hides the waterproofing protections on the roof Sisalation waterproofs the whole building envelope above ground and the polythene membrane protects the slab
Visible
Windows are the weakest point of insulation but are needed for light and ventilation. Silicon sealant helps airtightness
U=6.35, SHGC=0.77
The insulation is placed between the studs, posstruts and trusses and is hidden by plasterboard. The smoke detectors are visible however the fire proofing membrane between the two houses is hidden bewteen the walls.
Hidden by plasterboard
Fire Safety Visible
Smoke Detector
R3.5 Bulk Insulation (Roof)
3°
Sarking
Lysaight trimdek roof sheets direct water to box gutters and down the down pipes. All of these elements are hidden by parapets
300 x 100 Box Gutter
Colorbond Flashing Sisalation
Smoke Detector
Colorbond Capping on parapet only visible environmental protection from outside the house
Skylight has flashing around to waterproof Insulation fits between trusses Parapet hides roof sheets, box gutter and downpipes
Underlap and overlap of roof sheets and capping and flashing increases water moving into building via wind, gravity or capillery action.
R1.5 Bulk Insulation (Walls) Windows and doors are the only visible environmental protection in the Black House
2°
Sarking, Insulation and Lysaight Trimdek will be hidden by Blackbutt decking on balcony
Sisalation hidden behind cladding Insulation hidden behind plasterboard
Hidden by parapet
Lysaight Trimdek directs water away from house under decking on balcony
Sisalation hidden behind cladding
Fire proof membrane on walls adjacent to neighbouring house
Insulation fits between posistruts 200 x 100 Box Gutter
Thermal mass of concrete slab helps to regulate temperature of interior space
Thermalwall Foam has insulation properties too
Interior walls also insulated
Scale: 1:50 A3 0
1000
3000mm
0.2mm polythene waterproof membrane
0.2mm polythene waterproof membrane
Waterproofing Membrane
ABPL20033 - 2018, Andrew MacKinnon | 836149 |T03, Pei Wen Kwek
Scale: 1:100 A3 0
2000
6000mm
5. Mechanical and electrical systems Did the architect organise the internal spaces to place mechanical and electrical services efficiently?
Rinnai Solar Hot Water
Hot Water
Hot and cold pipes run next to each other and are hidden in the stud walls. Noggings can be cut to allow pipes ot pass. The horizontal runs of the pipes are also hidden in the posistruts.
1st floor bathroom, powder room, kitchen and laundry are all located closely in order to keep most pipes and services together. The ensuite is the only wet room away from this cluster
Closed System
Water Supply
Mains Water
LPG Gas Bottle Gas
Essential services
Cold Water
Evacuated Tube Solar Panel
Bottle is on roofing in line with first floor so that it can be easily connected to Foster Heating system
1st Floor Hydronic Heating
Cold Water
Mains Gas
Kitchen Stove and Oven
Heating
Hydronic Heating
Hot Water
Gas metre on S-E side of block. Kitchen set up Battery on east side so gas pipe doesn’t need to cross house
Insulated Storage Tank >60°
Heat Pump
The ground floor hydronic heating is placed in the concrete slab to be space efficient and utilising thermal mass of concrete. Eliminating the need for wall mounted heating System Closed System or loss of floor space through ducted Closed heating. Evacuated Tube Solar Panel
Hot Water
The AC unit is placed in rooms that can be zoned off by clossing a door. It is on an external wall so the outside unit is adjacent to the inside unit.
HVAC
Cooling
Cold Water
Ventilation Elecricity
Grid
Cross Ventilation Electrical wires are all run through the stud walls and are hidden behind the plasterboard.
PV Metre
Utility
Hydronic Slab Return Manifold
Insulated Storage Tank >60°
Heat Pump
Every room has windows to allow for natural ventilation
Rinnai Solar Hot Water
Tesla Battery Battery Electric Switchboard
Light switches placed near room entry and the open plan space has most of the lights clustered together on centre wall to minimise wires
PV Array
Condensation drips into balcony gutter system Posistrut chosen to allow services to be run in gaps
AC PV Metre
Household Loads
Sewage pipes to sewer pit, with no 90 degree bends and allowing gravity to move waste
Scale: 1:50 A3 1000
Cold Water
Faces north to maximise solar gains for greatest efficiency Trusses allow for services to run between
Electric wires can run through stud walls and are hidden by plasterboard. Switches, lumineers and powerpoints are the only exposed parts
Toilet, sink, shower and bath in a line so all services can be in one stud wall
Foster Hydronic heating follows this pattern accross whole ground and first floor
Gas line kept close to gas mains and away from electricity
0
Insulated Storage Tank >60°
Hot Water
Inverter
Pendant lights hung from high ceiling
Services all go up together in riser between studs so they are easily accessible and organised
Closed System
DC
Electricity connected at roof to powerpole AC Unit on outside wall so exterior unit can sit on corner balcony. Within bedroom so door can be shut to zone off room
Household Loads
Battery
Rinnai Solar Hot Water Roof trusses allow electrical wires and water pipes to run through them, saving space in the rooms.
Inverter AC
Hydronic Panels
Dist. Manifold
Reverse Cycle AirConditioning
Electric Switchboard Utility Metre
PV Array DC
3000mm
ABPL20033 - 2018, Andrew MacKinnon | 836149 |T03, Pei Wen Kwek
Hydronic heating in slab to maximise interior space for living and not HVAC elements such as radiators or duct vents
Toilets almost parallel to avoid excess seage pipes and to avoid 90 degree turns
Scale: 1:100 A3 0
2000
6000mm
6. Physical Enclosures systems Do the physical enclosures express aspects of the building (internal spaces, structure and materiality)?
External cladding Enclosure Systems
Internal finishes Windows/ skylights
Hides structure and interior to leave a black box floating on a grey box
Weathertex and battens meet flush to allow a seamless facade around building. Parapet hides roofing and emphasies the bento box shape
Weathertex
1st floor cladding
Dulux Matt Black
Pine Timber Battens
Balcony cladding
Dulux Matt Black
75mm Thermalwall Plus Foam
Ground floor cladding
Grey Concrete Render
Lysaight TrimDek
Roofing
Blackbutt Timber Decking
Balconies
Differentiates outdoor balcony space from interior carpeted space
Spotted Gum
Laundry
Expresses outdoor nature of a laundry
Victoria Ash
Stairs
Timber acts as transition between floors as well as the hard, heavy concrete ground floor vs the light carpet 1st floor
Windows
Powdercoated Frames
Allow light into building and create a more spacious feel, especially in open plan space.
Skylight
550 x 550 Square Fixed Weathertex ‘Weather Groove Smooth’ Cladding Painted matt black.
Vertical
Makes the black 1st floor appear to hover above the bluestone wall from street/lane level Black exterior juxtaposes white interior walls
Horizontal
Overall, a clean modern composition. Basic box shapes, with curved balconies. Minimalist aethetic with a black, white and grey colour scheme
Lights the stairwell, increasing daylighting
Grey Lysaight Trimdek hidden behind parapet
Pine timber battens painted in Dulux black matt
90 x 18 Blackbutt Decking Dark carpet mirrors black cladding of 1st floor
Carpeted 1st floor for warmer homely feel 1st level cladding all black. Powerful aesthetic.
Soffit lining painted black and hidden by cladding
Plasterboard ceiling painted black
Black and white tiled bathroom, waterproofed
75mm Foam and mesh, rendered in grey cement render.
Plasterboard walls painted white
Black house references the colour of the bluestone wall, and the black Colorbond renovations of the 21st century. A common Melbourne aesthetic
90 x 18 Blackbutt Decking
Scale: 1:50 A3 1000
Gaps in the battens allow for ventilation and light to enter space, blurring the interior and exterior spaces
Black 1st storey appears to hover above bluestone wall
Weathertex ‘Weather Groove Smooth’ Cladding Painted matt black.
0
Weathertex and battens compliment each other but slight differences can indicate indoor and outdoor spaces from elevation
3000mm
ABPL20033 - 2018, Andrew MacKinnon | 836149 |T03, Pei Wen Kwek
90 x 18 Blackbutt Decking
75mm Foam and mesh, rendered in grey cement render.
Blurring between outdoors and inside Polished concrete floor for heavy ground floor
Scale: 1:100 A3 0
2000
6000mm