Belarus No 2 (953), 2013 by Ambasciata bielorussa in Italia

No.2 (953), 2013

BELARUS Беларусь. Belarus

Magazine for you

Politics, Economy, Culture

Folios, bestsellers

and other books on show

Publishers from 25 countries take part in 20th Minsk International Book Fair

INTERNATIONAL

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Contents

Беларусь.Belarus Monthly magazine No. 2 (953), 2013 Published since 1930 State Registration Certificate of mass medium No.8 dated March 2nd, 2009, issued by the Ministry of Information of the Republic of Belarus

Change is a matter of dialectics

6 10

Border is protected Alexander Lukashenko

approves resolution on protection of state borders of Belarus in 2013

Promoting cultural dialogue

This is possible

Science improving people’s life and health

Law of energy conservation This year, grand

Equilibrium of successful choice The Belarusian

modernisation of the domestic economy is to include the implementation of over a hundred energy saving projects

4-5

Interest rates coming out of the shadow Banks

Imperatives of time improve communication

Great enthusiast Vladimir Terekhov

‘Dudariki’ descended from pipers People’s

are banned to take commission on loans

The 21st century is being hailed as a time of integration, as Belarus is already realising

Accordionist Dmitry Rovensky, from Russia, and his three creative groups, have brought the joy of music to thousands

Victor Gromyko’s roads

Feel for space… The name of Alexander Kosty-

Founders: The Information Ministry of the Republic of Belarus “SB” newspaper editorial office Belvnesheconombank Editor: Viktor Kharkov Executive Secretary: Valentina Zhdanovich

Design and Layout by Vadim Kondrashov Беларусь.Belarus is published in Belarusian, English, Spanish and Polish. Distributed in 50 countries of the world. Final responsibility for factual accuracy or interpretation rests with the authors of the publications. Should any article of Беларусь.Belarus be used, the reference to the magazine is obligatory. The magazine does not bear responsibility for the contents of advertisements.

Publisher: “SB” editorial office This magazine has been printed at “Belarusian House of Press” Publishing Office” UE. 79 Nezavisimosti Ave., Minsk, Belarus, 220013

uchenko — chief artist of the National Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre — is familiar to all in the theatrical world — especially set designers

Order No.592

Expressiveness of fashionable silhouette

Write us to the address: 11 Kiselyov Str., Minsk, Belarus, 220029. Tel.: +375 (17) 290-62-24, 290-66-45. Tel./Fax: +375 (17) 290-68-31.

Total circulation — 1952 copies (including 732 in English).

economy is tiny on a global scale, producing just 0.15 percent of the world’s GDP. However, as a small, compact country, it’s enough

www.belarus-magazine.by E-mail: mail@belarus-magazine.by

Rouble confirms its profitability In 2012,

For future foreign subscribers for ‘Belarus’ magazine, apply to ‘MK-Periodica’ agency.

Belarusian depositors were anxious, ready to react promptly to any fall in the exchange rate by withdrawing their money from bank accounts, having been frightened by such situations in the past. Of course, those trusting in the domestic banking system won out, with rates remaining quite steady. What does 2013 hold in store?

Subscription index in Belpochta catalogue — 74977

The distorted world of modern fashion

E-mail: info@periodicals.ru Telephone in Minsk: +375 (17) 227-09-10.

2013 беларусь.belarus

editor’s note

Perpetum

mobile

egardless of the popularity of the i-phone, iPad, Kindle and similar electronic gadgets, books remain a huge part of our culture, as was evident at the recent 20th Minsk International Book Fair. From grand, illustrated volumes to simple paperbacks, the event provided clear evidence of our passion for reading and the pleasures of page turning. Each edition was handled carefully and lines read enthusiastically. Without exaggeration, each page, paragraph and, even, sentence was lovingly consumed! Few would argue that the younger generation is in thrall to computer games, sometimes behaving like mindless robots, playing ceaselessly day and night. However, I’m happy to report that plenty of Belarusians still adore the printed word. Moreover, our Belarusian publishing houses are producing high-level editions. Belarus was not lost among the 25 countries which took part in the forum, showing their stands of novelties. In addition, there were literary discussions and meetings with authors and publishers, showing the genuine interest of readers today. Find out more in Folios, Bestsellers and Other Books on Show. Those about to take our bank loans will be pleased to hear that

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new legislation forbids lenders from charging hidden commissions on borrowing. Recent amendments to the Banking Code aim to ensure that banks make customers fully aware of their repayment commitments. Previously, ‘clever’ advertising allowed them to present loans in a more favourable light, omitting to mention fees. A declared rate of 30 percent per annum might also bring an additional fee of almost three percent per month, adding an extra 36 percent per annum (plus 3 percent of the initial amount). Customers might find themselves locked into a rate of around 70 percent per annum, while some banks have been charging closer to 100 percent or, even, 140 percent. Interest Rates Coming Out of the Shadows explores this topic further. Banks are naturally keen to find new marketing approaches to promote their services but will now have to ensure that their advertising offers full disclosure. Meanwhile, trust must be nurtured. Last year, Belarusian depositors’ anxiety regarding potential falls in the exchange rate led them to make ready for a run on the banks, recalling past crises. Fortunately, no such situation came to pass but what does 2013 hold in store? Rouble Confirms Its Profitability offers forecasts by financial analysts and other experts.

The Belarusian economy is tiny on a global scale, producing just 0.15 percent of the world’s GDP. However, as a small, compact country, this is quite sufficient. The question is whether we can maintain and, even, expand this share, to ensure a good standard of living for citizens. Across the world, there exist several poles of economic development, each only super ficially friendly. Each vies to dominate new markets, ever in competition. When relying on others, it’s important to offer unique goods or services: your own niche. As mammals once co-existed with dinosaurs and, even, outlived them, finding their own place in the system, so can smaller countries survive. The recent round table — Belarus’ B a l a n ce d I n te gra t i o n i n to t h e World Economic Space — provides food for thought in Equilibrium of Successful Choice. Meanwhile, political institutes are considering change to Belarusian electoral legislation, with the shift to single round parliamentary elections being discussed. Read more in Change is a Matter of Dialectics. Change is as inevitable as the eternal movement of the oceans. Without it, we may stagnate.

BY Viktor Kharkov

panorama

Good slice of the pie In 2012, Belarus gained positive foreign trade balance

elarus has raised its sales From January to November 2012, volumes during its sovereign trade took place with 197 countries: goods history. Although the final were supplied to 156 states and were results of last year’s imported from 178. Belarus’ foreign trade are yet to major trade partners were be announced, the first Russia (accounting eleven months allow f o r 4 7 . 2 p e rc e nt us to be optimistic, of total turnover), despite the difficulthe Netherlands (9 ties connected with the percent), Ukraine (8.5 sale of oil products and percent), Germany (4.7 potash fertilisers. percent), Latvia (4 percent), According to the China (3 percent), Poland N a t i o n a l S t a t i s t i c a l Belarus’ major (2.5 percent), Lithuania trade partners are: Committee, from January and Italy (1.7 percent each) to November 2012, the and Brazil (1.2 percent). Russia (accounting volume of foreign trade in for 47.2 (%) percent Belarusian exports goods stood at $84.8bn, of total turnover) comprised mostly of oil with exports accounting the Netherlands (9 %) products (31.8 percent) for $42.5bn and imports and potash fertilisers Ukraine (8,5 %) $42.3bn. The value of Germany (4,7 %) (5.9 percent), followed the Republic’s exports Latvia (4 %) by dairy products (3.9 (compared to Januar y China (3 %) percent) and machinery November 2011) rose by (3.3 percent for truck Poland (2,5 %) 13.4 percent — or $5bn Lithuania (1,7 %) tractors and 3.1 percent (calculating at current Italy (1,7 %) for tractors). The prices). Meanwhile, imports Brazil (1,2 %) remainder covered 49.4 also rose a little — by 2.3 others (16,5 %) p ercent of exp or ted percent: $900m. B elar usian pro duce. B e l a r u s e n j o y e d a p o s i t i v e Imports were primarily represented balance of $272m for its trade of by raw materials: 18.7 percent crude goods. This is a great improvement oil, followed by oil products (11.7 on January-November 2011, which percent), natural gas (7.2 percent) saw a negative balance of $3.833bn. and ferrous metals (5.1 percent).

 Harnessing power New hydro-electric power station, constructed in Zhabinka District, generates first kilowatts of electricity

he new Novosady hydroelectric power station is identical to the other three already operational along the Dnieper-

 Textbooks accessible online First virtual copies of school textbooks placed on the Internet

ooks in PDF-format are now available free of charge on the site of the National Institute of Education, of the Education Ministry, on the page ‘For General Secondary Education Pupils’. Any pupil can download them onto a PC, notebook, tablet PC or mobile phone, having them always to hand. This will alleviate the need for children to carry heavy books in their rucksacks and bags, which is known to be bad for posture and can be difficult for those who lack strength. Of course, such textbooks can only be made available where authors have given their permission. To date, 150 books are used in the syllabus, with only 50 authors having given permission. ABC books are available for first grade pupils, in addition to textbooks in Russian and Belarusian, alongside p aint ing and handicraf t b o oks. Those who study in the ninth grade can download books for Belarusian language and literature, as well as for physics and chemistry.

Bug water way: in Kobrin, in the Zhabinka District’s Zaluzie and in the Pinsk District’s Duboi. They boast a total capacity of 930kW. A new design is planned for a fifth, smaller, hydroelectric power station in the Stolin District’s Stakhovo hydro system while the next stage will be the construction of a small hydroelectric power station in the Pinsk District’s Kachanovichi.

2013 беларусь.belarus

right to choose

Change is a matter of dialectics Belarus could shift to one-round parliamentary elections

hanges to electoral legislation are only implemented out of necessity (not from outside pressure), as President Alexander Lukashenko recently noted at a meeting focusing on how best to improve electoral legislation. The Head of State stressed that all issues are open to discussion but that the Electoral Code has been in place in Belarus since 2000, bringing forth four parliamentary election campaigns and one national referendum, in addition to three presidential elections and various local council elections. “D e spite re pro a ch f rom ou r opponents, our elections have been held in line with the Electoral Code, honestly and openly, securing the expression of the Belarusian nation’s will. Our legal mechanism of organising elections works smoothly and effectively,” he emphasised. The President believes that, like any procedure, the mechanism must adjust to changing times, working flexibly. “However, improvement should not entail the destruction of established and steadily operating institutions,” he asserted. The President remarked that the matter had been discussed with the presiding judge of the Constitutional Court. “No legislation can be passed once and for all since life is ever changing. Legislation must keep up with the vigorously changing flow of society. While allowing for change within the election process, we should base our decisions on real life, asking ourselves whether we are reacting to real problems,” stressed the Head of State. He added, “Some say that public organisations should receive the right to nominate candidates for deputies. However, we have thousands of public organisa-

tions. Secondly, why should we do this? Do we have a shortage of nominated candidates? Are candidates for deputies in short supply? They are not, so why do we have to make such suggestions? Are we anticipating something?” According to Mr. Lukashenko, change should reflect real life needs, with improvement of electoral law aiming to help citizens realise their election rights in full, while counteracting attempts to disrupt the process. The Head of State believes that the existing Electoral Code is effective. “We have held topnotch elections. If we forget the partisan opinions voiced by some of our opponents and look at the real picture (the opinions of our wellwishers and neutral people) we can see that they envy our level of elections. Everyone says that they are serious and worthy of admiration,” the President notes.“We can also take a closer look at the OSCE recommendations — made after monitoring the parliamentary elections in 2012. We don’t necessarily agree with all the OSCE views but we understand what the OSCE wants from us. In responding, we need to note the true intention behind these suggestions.” The President emphasised that our national legislation is being improved in the interests of Belarus alone — not at someone else’s bidding. “The Belarusian saying comes to mind that it’s good to listen to others but that you should retain your own opinion. We should forget politicised, contrived views from outside while analysing proposals in our national interests,” Mr. Lukashenko remarked. “We need to reject all politically motivated and artificial philosophies imposed from outside. However, we must also inspect proposals meeting our national interests,” noted the President.

“We can also take a closer look at the OSCE recommendations — made after monitoring the parliamentary elections in 2012. We don’t necessarily agree with all the OSCE views, but we understand what the OSCE wants from us. In responding, we need to note the true intention behind these suggestions.”

беларусь.belarus 2013

Artur Prupas

right to choose

The meeting looked at proposals by the Central Commission of Belarus for Elections and National Referenda, including recommendations from such international organisations as the OSCE. The Chair of the Central Election Commission, Lidia Yermoshina, presented ideas on how electoral legislation may be improved, joined by the Head of the Presidential Administration, Andrei Kobyakov. Also in attendance was the Foreign Minister, Vladimir Makei, the Chairman of the National Assembly’s House of Representatives, Vladimir Andreichenko, the State Secretary of the Security Council, Leonid Maltsev, and the Governor of the Minsk Region, Boris Batura, among others. Improvements to electoral legislation were discussed in advance by the same group, without any single position being agreed, leading to detailed discussion at Presidential level. It has been agreed that amendments are necessary to the Electoral Code of Belarus, with Mr.Lukashenko charging his Administration with drawing up a draft law by May, in liaison with parliamentary leaders. This will be presented to the Head of State before submission to Parliament. “We have no desire to change anything for its own sake. Rather, we’re improving existing legislation, as I promised to do after the last elections. We’ll study the proposals and, if they

look feasible, we’ll adopt them. If they appear unworkable, we won’t. Some proposals are sure to be agreeable and new suggestions may be forthcoming,” Mr. Lukashenko emphasises. Most of those present spoke against allowing national public organisations to nominate candidates as deputies. Ms. Yermoshina believes that the rejection may please those in political opposition. Other initiatives received support, including the transition to a majority principle at first round parliamentary elections, simplifying the election campaign and reducing costs. The issue of how local council candidates may raise personal election funds was also discussed. A range of proposals regarding prevention of boycotting were debated, with participants agreeing that scuttling of elections should be prevented. The Convention on Standards for Democratic Elections, Electoral Rights and Freedoms in the CIS prohibits electoral boycotting. It has been agreed that candidates should pay to have leaflets and posters printed, rather than using budgetary funds. However, electoral committees may disseminate information on candidates, in the interest of keeping voters informed. Local elections may also be given a new format. By Vasily Kharitonov

2013 беларусь.belarus

Belta

officially

Border

is protected

he President of Belarus, Alexander Lu k a s h e n k o, h a s demanded that threats and challenges to border security be tackled effectively. He stresses, “Anti-

беларусь.belarus 2013

Belarusian sanctions by the West have caused provocation along the border, aggravating challenges associated with border protection, bringing the need for special attention and serious analysis of the current system. The latest violations of the state border have led to a need for strict personnel decisions. I have given

Alexander Lukashenko approves resolution on protection of state borders of Belarus in 2013 appropriate instructions to improve the security of the border and inter-agency co-ordination in this area.” Mr. Lukashenko is eager to assess the success of measures to improve Border Agency efficiency but emphasises that everyone can do their part to aid national security. He has asked state

officially agencies to report regularly on their strategies used to counter emerging threats, with particular reference to our airspace, saying, “Which challenges remain and what solutions do we have?” Mr. Lukashenko adds, “You know what the state border means to me, as a former border guard. My personal relationship with the Border Agency and military men in green caps is based on this. “I’ve heard rumours that I’m on ill-terms with the present head of the Border Agency but it’s nonsense.” Meeting recently with the Chairman of the State Border Committee, the President stressed that he has his ear at all times, as he well knows. He asserted, “Colonel Alexander Boechko, like all previous heads of the Border Agency, and those sitting around this table, ministers and high officials, have the same direct access to the President. I want all border guards, who protect and defend our country, to hear this. All speculation should end, leaving our border guards to do their job, proudly defending the peace of the Belarusian

people, along every metre of the border. This is our daily task, and people should be assured that we’ll fulfil it,” said Mr. Lukashenko. Mr. Boechko has told reporters that the head of state has approved the programme for the protection of the state borders of Belarus in 2013, which is focused on tackling external challenges, using a number of new approaches and means. “Looking at past violations of the state border, the head of state has set specific tasks to remove these shortcomings in 2013,” Mr. Boechko notes. He underlines that the Border Agency will be working to fulfil the new programme, protecting the economic interests of the country. According to Mr. Boechko, 14 people involved in organising or facilitating illegal migration have been arrested, as have 318 people who have entered the country illegally. Over 9,000 potential illegal immigrants have been identified, with the Polish, Ukrainian and Lithuanian borders seeing the greatest number of violations. Four major syndicates involved in smuggling goods have been terminated, alongside nine drug smuggling organisations. The law enforcement authorities of Belarus, Lithuania, and Russia have worked together, detaining about 100kg of drugs and more than 6kg of psychotropic substances. In addition, 142 weapons, nearly 5,000 rounds of ammunition and 3.5kg of explosives have been withdrawn. Meanwhile, our borders are processing a greater nu m b e r o f p a s s e n g e r vehicles: over 29 million p e opl e l a s t ye ar. T h e number of trucks also rose, with about 10 million crossing the border.

Budget

for high achievements Presidential meeting devoted to sports tackles most pressing issues, including state support of sports organisations

n recent years, the state has rendered huge support to sports — building dozens of arenas and ski rinks, rivalling those found anywhere worldwide. Leading global athletes train at Minsk-Arena and at Staiki. Sadly, this investment has not always reaped the results we would hope for. As the President stresses, most state injections have been directed towards football and hockey yet the results are very disappointing. “From now on, state enterprises’ sponsorship of sports clubs and organisations will be viewed as state support. The matter is settled.” Companies can suppor t teams or fund a club’s development using their own funds or by attracting investments but no further state budgetary funds are to be made available, as Mr. Lukashenko emphasises. “Wages should not be too small but must not be exorbitant. We need a competitive environment for sports but should re-consider issues of financing — including Presidential scholarships. To continue to receive this money, which is not small, athletes need to keep showing high results.”

By Vladimir Khilkevich

2013 беларусь.belarus

panorama

Always with readers February 4th marks 10th anniversary of «The Minsk Times» launch

n our first issue, we invited readers far and wide to visit our newly sovereign state at the heart of Europe. We

 Hands won’t remain idle All time low for registered unemployment

ast February, just 0.7 percent of the economically active population were registered as seeking work; by June 1st, the share had fallen to 0.6. This January, the percentage stands at a modest 0.5. In fact, there seem to be job advertisements on almost every corner saying ‘help wanted’.

беларусь.belarus 2013

detailed our industrial achievements, such as making BelAZ vehicles, while explaining our currency and the circulation of foreign currencies. We also noted an order from famous brand Nike to sew sportswear. Moreover, we printed wonderful photos of one of Belarus’ main historical and cultural Treasures: Mir Castle. One decade on, we’re pleased to still be welcoming our readers. As to whether we’ve changed over time, you are the best judge. We’ve endeavoured to move with the times, although our appearance is much the same. Perhaps the biggest difference is in our content. We’ve worked hard to appeal to varying tastes and interests while revealing our country’s wealth of talent and economic potential. It’s been no hard task, since there are so many wonderful stories to report on and people seem to have an unending desire to learn about modern Belarus. We hope that our newspaper has brought our readership closer to Belarus, showing our character and determination, which are built upon our rich historical and cultural legacy. In a word, we’ll continue to keep you informed.

 Wi-Fi to become more widely available

The Ministry for Labour and Social Security has recorded several notable changes. As of the first of January, a mere 25,000 people were officially registered as unemployed. The previous year, there were more than 28,000 seeking work. There have been fewer applications for employment assistance too: down from 200,800 people in 2011 to 195,200 in 2012. This is certainly due to the increased number of vacancies, which have made it easier for people to find employment independently. The database currently holds about 62,000 vacancies and it’s

not the first year that the number of employees sought by companies and organisations is higher than the number of those officially seeking a job. Naturally, skilled workers are most in demand, comprising more than twothirds of all vacancies. It’s thought that the trend will continue, with villages, towns and cities relying on a single industry most in need of workers. This year, almost one and a half times more funds are being allocated by the state to assist in helping people find employment: up Br328.6bn on last year.

Around 400 new public Internet access points (using Wi-Fi technology) are to be installed in Minsk in time for 2014 IIHF World Championship

c c ord i ng to S e rge y Popkov, Beltelecom’s Director General, at present, 712 Wi-Fi access points are to be found in the capital. Over the next 18 months, their number is set to increase by 1.5 times, to meet the needs of participants and guests of the hockey tournament. Wireless Internet access (using Wi-Fi technology) will be primarily available at sports complexes, Minsk hotels and other places of guest accommodation: in public areas and in rooms. According to Mr. Popkov, the provision of free Wi-Fi access during the 2014 IIHF World Championship hasn’t been decided. “As far as I understand, by the end of the year, a concept will have been developed on how we’ll deliver services during the hockey tournament. Naturally, Beltelecom will be involved,” e x p l a i n s Mr. Popkov.

panorama  Interactive pocket guide to eco-awareness ‘Green card’ for mobile phones

“T  Breakthrough to EU markets Bereza Cheese Making Plant supplies first batch of whey powder to Holland

ince July 1st, 2012, the EU Standing C ommitte e for Fo o d C hains and Animal Health has allowed five Belarusian companies to supply EU states with food commodities. Bereza Cheese Making Plant is among these enterprises, delivering 20 tonnes of whey powder to Holland this January: a landmark for the company and the whole dairy industry of Belarus. Previously, the enterprise had only dispatched casein to the EU, supplying CIS markets with over 80 percent of its exported produce.

 Landmark site World leading architectural companies eager to construct Gazprom multi-functional complex in Minsk

140,000sq.m complex is planned for the intersection of Nezavisimosti Avenue and Filimonov Street, comprising Gazprom offices, a congress hall, a medical centre, a sport and recreation centre and a children’s development centre. A hotel and

he Green Card project was launched by the Centre for Environmental Solutions several months ago, aiming to promote recycling and safe disposal of waste,” notes Sergey Sadovnikov, who helped design the application. “The project is on going, but has just launched a mobile application: a map showing locations of recycling points, for phones using an Android operating system.” The guide can now be always to hand, in your pocket. “We hope that the new mobile service will raise awareness and encourage more people to recycle their waste sensibly, including the disposal of toxic items,” explains the Deputy Director for Programming at the Centre for Environmental Solutions, Yevgeny Lobanov. The application for mobile phones can be downloaded free of charge from Greenmap.by online. Although maps have only been created for Minsk and Grodno so far, plans are afoot to include Gomel, Brest and Baranovichi very soon.

accompanying trade and service outlets are also planned. Five of the world’s best architectural companies have been shortlisted for the second phase of the tender, with applicants encourage d to ref le c t Minsk’s histor y and current architecture in their designs. They recently met representatives from Gazprom and Beltransgas in Minsk, to discuss the requirements of the project.

 Living beyond a century Twelve female Belarusian residents are over 110 years old

ccording to Svetlana Yermakovich, of the Labour and Social Protection Ministry’s Department for Veterans and Elderly People, 562 Belarusian residents have already celebrated their 100th birthday. Traditionally, women take the lead, with 489 women and 73 men aged over 100 as of January 1st, 2013. Women lead by a margin of almost sevenfold. Only women are aged over 110: six from the Grodno Region, four from the Mogilev Region, one from the Brest Region and one from the Vitebsk Region. As is traditional, the Grodno region leads, with 111 people aged over 100 as of January 1st. The Brest Region follows (with 100 centenarians), then the Minsk Region (94) and the Vitebsk Region (85). The Gomel Region has 71 long-livers, while the city of Minsk has just 52 and the Mogilev Region a mere 49.

The winner of the second phase will be announced this March, going on to design the Gazprom complex.

2013 беларусь.belarus

society

Not long ago, a milestone event occurred in Belarus’ public life: the Prorector of the Academy of Arts, PhD Svetlana Vinokurova, was elected Chair of the Dialogue Eurasia International Organisation

T Promoting cultural dialogue 10

беларусь.belarus 2013

he initiative unites scientists, public figures, writers, journalists and figures of arts from over 20 countries (including those from Wester n Europ e and Mongolia) promoting international dialogue across Central Eurasia. Belarus is at its heart but our country’s chairmanship of the initiative — known globally as Platform DA (YES) — is not simply the result of its geographical position. Ms. Vinokurova tells us what attracts Eurasian partners to Belarus and why a representative of our country has been honoured to head Dialogue Eurasia. During the elections, our candidate won more points than any other, despite being up against some well-known figures: the mother of Georgian President Saakashvili - Giuli Alasania; and the sister of globally known writer Chyngyz Aitmatov — Rosa Aitmatova.

society We congratulate Ms. Vinokurova — wishing her success in accomplishing her mission of uniting cultures and nations. Ms. Vinokurova, nobody in Belarus needs convincing of the importance of international dialogue, alongside respect for the customs, values and cultures of other nations. Belarusians are known for their tolerance, which is viewed as our primary national feature. Is this why you were chosen, despite other worthy candidates? I should mention a little of the history of our international public association, which celebrates its 15th anniversary this year. In 1998, it was initiated by writers and journalists — led by writer Chyngyz Aitmatov — aiming to promote inter-cultural dialogue, based on principles of religious tolerance and exchange of c u ltu r a l v a lu e s . A z e r b aij an , Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Georgia, Moldova, Russia, Ukraine, Estonia and Turkey were among the founders - representing Europe, the southern part of the former USSR and Slavonic nations. Unity and religious tolerance are revered by us all, and are values upheld by various religious faiths. Belarus has been a member since 2009 — which is not long. However, the honour of leadership speaks for itself. Our country’s stance is based on the politics and values of the past 20 years (since our independence). We have a multi-vector approach to diplomacy, with an open attitude towards international relations. We are naturally hospitable and tolerant. Around 140 nationalities live in our country — of varying beliefs, including atheists. This creates no obstacle to family life, work, employment in state posts or participation in politics. Of course, it’s attractive to many, setting a good example, which some other countries are yet to achieve. Many states are enduring conflict due to religious intolerance… You’re right. Wars and conflicts unfold when society lacks tolerance

for the culture or race of others, and where there is gender inequality. We have a choice whether to be in unity or conflict. Belarus unites people and, generally, tolerance is the norm. We all wish to enjoy freedom of e x pre ss i on . B e l ar u s’ v ar i ou s cultures and nationalities have their own public associations, diaspora, editions and magazines — sharing their cultural values. Grodno, one of Belarus’ most beautiful cities, has long hosted the Festival of National Cultures, which is held every two years. Diasporas of various nations living in Belarus prepare concerts

of social structure and values among these young people. What were the results? The study was conducted in almost every Soviet republic and, later, the Belarusian group was included in a global report. Similar research was conducted in Europe and in the USA. Of course, trends tend to travel worldwide. Several years ago, I travelled to Tajikistan — visiting its Nurek hydroelectric station, among other facilities. We learnt that, after the station had launched in the 1980s, many parents were keen to see their children enter a technical vocational college. In

“It seems to me, the desire to understand the society,in which we live, is the key to harmonious relationships within it. Many problems stem from untimely rethinking of social models and roles, especially strengthening of the role of religions and various social groups.” of national song and dance, as well as exhibitions. Belarus has become known globally for its openness in allowing a range of cultures to blossom and our path, which has covere d B el ar us w hi le br ing ing humanistic ideals into life, is recognised for working successfully. For many years, you headed a working group of sociologists looking at how best to promote social harmony and equality. How would you characterise this in Belarus? It’s very important to analyse social trends. In the 1980s, we launched a five year cycle of research, looking at social choices made by school leavers. We were eager to see who was shaping our social structure. We collected data in villages and small towns, as well as in the capital, comparing the dynamics

contrast, Belarusians aspired for their children to enter universities, studying for degrees. The explanation is simple. Back in Soviet times, Belarus enjoyed a high level of technical industry. Meanwhile, Tajikistan lacked even electricity until quite modern times, so there were far fewer technical opportunities for young people. Many blessings of civilisations are still unavailable in Tajik mountain settlements even now, so teenagers and their parents were dreaming of at least a working profession. They simply dreamt of gaining a job to escape from their remote villages, wishing to work at enterprises. Despite Tajikistan being known for its high educational traditions and respect towards education, sadly, not all have access to them.

2013 беларусь.belarus

society Your words throw light on why some post-Soviet republics are experiencing unfortunate trends — such as religious fundamentalism. Much depends on the level of education and employment of young people. Where they lack opportunities, destructive groups are formed — including those based on religion. In Belarus, such a situation is impossible, since our high level of education ensures immunity against savage, medieval behaviour. All layers of Belarusian society have access to higher education, and can find employment in high-tech spheres, which require a certain degree of skill and knowledge. At present, Belarus is among those who can be proud of their level of education and scientific development; we enjoy a corresponding cultural environment. The sociological study revealed another interesting trend. In Georgia, parents wished their children to become Komsomol workers, seeing it as a bright start to their career. In Soviet times, this was a normal path which formed a leader through work in public organisations: starting from pioneer organisation, Komsomol even, top ranking state posts. The formation of leaders was an acute problem and remains so today. Tomorrow’s leaders need to be nurtured and encouraged. I’m convinced that many of our modern social problems stem from a lack of such training. Throughout Soviet times and earlier, during the times of the Russian Empire, the intelligentsia drove society forward. Later, after Perestroika, the advent of market principles brought a ‘middle class’ boasting more material wealth. Of course, having money does not always inspire people to contribute to society. American researcher Richard Florida introduced the notion of ‘the creative class’. Which social layers tend to act as leaders and ensure progress, in your opinion? I think that nothing has changed. We still need the intelligentsia:

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artists, scientists, educationalists and doctors. Their enlightening and cultural mission must continue. Their role may be less significant today, as people have more opportunities to choose or change profession and fulfil their potential. It’s also easier to train and to set up your own business...

“The honour of leadership speaks for itself. Our country’s stance is based on the politics and values of the past 20 years, since our independence.” As far as who makes up the intelligentsia, the social layers are intermixing more these days. I’m sure that educated people will always be in demand, so we need to cultivate them... I can’t help but agree that the easy path is not always the best. Solid values need to be at the foundation of our choices. An outstanding person once said: ‘Freedom is a powerful word with which to sway the crowd’. Freedom to choose your beliefs and professional path is certainly attractive. However, each free choice brings responsibility; it’s an integral element. The more individual choices we make, the more individual responsibility we bear.

A spiritual leader of the 20th century, who returned from a gulag, Russian academician Lickhachev, once said to journalists that even under these severe conditions he has managed to learn life lessons and collected much material for his research scientific work. He also noted respectful and sympathetic attitude towards him as a carrier of education and science. He was a true intellectual! Such a personality always arouses admiration and respect in society. Others listen and follow their example. When distinguished Belarusian nano-technologies expert and academician S. A. Zhdanok or famous Russian Oriental scientist R . B. Rybakov lectures at our Arts Academy, students always listen enrapt. Bearers of true knowledge always possess a high degree of intellectualism, which makes them fascinating to listen to. For the sake of self-preservation, society must respect and cherish its true spiritual leaders, avoiding the creation of false idols — like those who try to gather uneducated youngsters in large crowds, such as we’ve seen in the squares of many Eastern capitals. S o m e p o o r, u n d e rd e v e l o p e d Eastern states have descended into clan systems and sharia law. The West, in turn, appreciates science, education, freedom and individuality. How can these two societies — which share different values — find a common language? The Eurasia Dialogue Platform focuses on problems arising from lack of dialogue between Eurasian nations. It proposes peaceful, constructive solutions, treating all individuals and nationalities as equals, deserving of respect, non-violence and tolerance. It acts in line with the principles, norms and traditions of each country, community or religion. Of course, it’s often been said that the East and the West can never find consensus. Having studied Chinese philosophy, Kant said that ‘it would have been better if this Eastern wisdom had been spared us’, implying that the

society rational European approach can never find harmony with the East’s multifaceted views on life. He might have felt differently today, foreseeing the possibility of peaceful co-existence. The alternative can only bring destruction. We need to tr y to understand each other. It’s wrong for the West to perceive Eastern philosophies as cunningly ambiguous and similarly empty for the East to view European objectivism as being primitive. Life is certainly complicated and needs to be viewed from more than one angle. Morality is subjective and, as the Chinese say, contrasts are merely different sides of the same story. Of course, there are cultural, historical and archetypal differences; we lead different lifestyles and have varying approaches to education, culture, religion and family values. Our world is not uniform but, as in nature, diversity brings strength and harmony. The question is whether we use our minds to promote harmony and mutual understanding or to indulge in childish conflict. Our public association, like various others around the world, aims to encourage mutual understanding. We aim not only to promote the idea of tolerance but to see it in action — primarily through uniting writers, journalists, scientists and figures of arts and culture. We arrange scientific conferences at which they can discuss topical problems, with a forum of Eurasian intellectuals in Antalya every two years, devoted to global problems of our modern times. One of the latest such events tackled family problems, with six hundred people from 50 countries sharing their opinions. They looked at how family life has changed of late, set against an historical background. A representative of Belarus made a report at the forum. In 2012, the forum was devoted to economic problems, attended by Turkey’s Deputy Prime Minister, who delivered a speech, as did famous scientists from the USA, Austria, Ukraine and other states.

Can we view modern economies as a uniting force, rather than just a way of generating money? In making a material product, we cannot help but think of its fair distribution. One of the slogans of today is ‘to produce more and to distribute more fairly’. In past times, there were those who laboured to produce while others did little more than ‘receive’; a fairer system is vital. The pr inciple of e qu a lit y of opportunity is at the heart of today’s economics. Of course, it’s nothing new, having existed under various names in the past: communism, socialism, democracy, or a sociallyoriented economy. At heart, it remains unchanged. Material wealth alone cannot make life interesting; we need to embrace higher, spiritual values. Interestingly, the Antalya Forum is hosted by Turkey, which has a European and Asian face. Nobel Prize winning writer Orhan Pamuk best describes the spirit of his nation and culture, speaking of ‘the lost paradise of Istanbul’; it intermixes times and civilisations to create something uniquely fascinating. The city and its architectural monuments demonstrate how Christianity and Islam can successfully intermix, while each retaining their identity. The city’s division either side of the Bosporus into European and Asian sectors, shows that Europe and Asia have been co-existing since ancient times, with the two sides connected literally (and figuratively) by many bridges. Istanbul is perhaps the ultimate symbol of the ties between Europe and Asia, so it’s fitting that the Eurasia Dialogue Platform — supported by the Government — was established on Turkish territory. Not long ago, we celebrate d the 20th anniversary of diplomatic relations with Turkey. It was the first countr y to acknowledge Belarus’ independence, which has significance historically. Without doubt, it’s been of huge mutual benefit to encourage

intensive bilateral relations (including at governmental and interpersonal levels) for these two decades. Naturally, economics form the basis of our relations. As Lenin said, ‘we should talk in the languages in which we trade’. Our friendly ties with Turkey began with tourism and trade. Later, Turkish businessmen became acquainted with our country, finding it attractive for business and human contacts. Belarus is a rare country within the post-Soviet space, having never witnessed acute national or religious disputes. Of course, countries showing such stability are more attractive to potential partners. Our ties gain strength via trading links and Turkish investments, alongside political relations. We have potential to co-operate in the fields of science, culture and education, supported by the Eurasia Dialogue Platform. Our geographical location at the centre of Europe has brought pressure from the European West and Russian East, as well as influence from the north and the south. Our historical experience has taught us to be open and tolerant. It’s unsurprising that we are interesting to others as a venue for business; we boast a high level of education and culture — ever developing, competing, adapting and learning from others. Eurasia Dialogue supports st abi lit y, w hich is ess ent i a l for democracy. When public initiatives develop in line with state policy and inter-state relations, more can be achieved. The interests of state and society coincide. The international public initiative, stipulated in the work of the DA Platform, celebrates its 15th anniversary this year, harmonising the interests of various parties with state policy. In unifying diverse countries and cultures, we develop high spiritual values which will help preserve and move forward the human race. Thank you for the interview! By Nina Romanova

2013 беларусь.belarus

t h i s i s p o s s i b l e 14

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vigour of an atom

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By 2018, the Belarusian nuclear power plant will be generating its first kilowatts of electricity. The country’s most ambitious project to date will bring huge advantages from the launch of two reactors. Boasting a total capacity of up to 2,400MW, they’ll significantly reduce our consumption of natural gas, purchased currently with foreign currency, while considerably lowering the cost of electricity and reducing our greenhouse gas emissions. Moreover, our image will be enhanced, since all the wealthier states use nuclear power. Our new branch — of nuclear power engineering — should inspire the development of the Belarusian economy. Changing destiny

strovets is a small, quiet town in the northern Grodno Region, with a population of less than 10,000. In 2008, local residents can hardly have imagined the far-reaching consequences of being given the nuclear power station site — chosen from 72 possibilities.

Ostrovets’ 200 hectare site was selected for meeting all IAEA criteria and major preparatory works are now underway. Over the next five years, two reactors are being built, alongside a huge production base overseeing the operation of the nuclear power station. Slightly over a thousand people are currently working on site, with ground excava-

tion for the foundations of the first reactor now complete, reading for the pouring of concrete. The second pit is to be dug soon and a multistorey administrative building is under construction. Of course, Ostrovets is expanding to meet the needs of its new residents, with shops and a concert hall opening. Since construction of the nuclear power plant began,

vigour of an atom

the price of land has risen significantly, notes Adam Kovalko, the Chairman of the Ostrovets District Executive Committee. He tells us that the price almost rivals that in the regional centre, as investors are keen to buy land, offering trade facilities and services. The prospects are huge, with three suburbs planned. The drafts are on show at the information centre of the Directorate for Nuclear Power Plant Construction. The first is already under const r uc t ion, to hous e around 3,000 people and boasting a school, kindergarten, youth centre and shops. The second is to house 5,000 while the third will be at the town centre. Over the next decade, Ostrovets will be the most rapidly growing town in the country, increasing to a population of

35,000. Specialists working at the nuclear power station will, naturally, relocate, bringing their families.

Safe energy

rom several proposals, Belarus chose Russia’s NPP-2006 power plant design, which operates in various countries and is typical for Central European states. The contract was signed in July 2012, with Russian Atomstroyexport JSC. Meanwhile, more than ten Belarusian design and construction organisations are involved, providing for around half of the build. The project envisages the launch of the first reactor by November 2018 and the second by July 2020. According to preliminary estimates, the cost should reach about $10bn, which will be repaid within 18.5 years. The station is designed

to operate for 60 years, so its profitability is obvious. Naturally, safety is a top concern, especially as the consequences of the Chernobyl catastrophe have been with us for over 25 years. In December, Minsk hosted a round table at which scientists, ecologists and nuclear industry experts discussed matters, with state representatives from Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. It was agreed that the Belarusian nuclear plant meets all international norms and IAEA requirements, boasting enhanced safety characteristics and a high level of protection. According to the Programme Director of the Rosatom State Nuclear Energy Corporation, Sergey Boyarkin, 54 similar Russian designed reactors are currently operational across ten countries worldwide, including 18 across five EU states. The technology has been well tested in various locations, including on nuclear submarines, with safe exploitation evident. The decision to use nuclear power certainly seems the most sensible. Russia is supplying all equipment for the build, as well as training workers for the plant and organising related infrastructure.

Demand for nuclear energy is rising…

fter the disaster at Japanese Fukushima, doubts were raisedastothesafety of containment provision at nuclear power stations; clearly, radiation dispersion

needs to be controlled in the event of a leak or explosion. Mr. Boyarkin notes that Russian atomic scientists now ensure that reliable protection systems are in place which were lacking at Fukushima. Russian technology is much in demand as a result, withRosatomalmostdoubling its portfolio of orders beyond Russian borders over the past two years. In 2010, 12 reactors were ordered, rising to 21 in late 2011. There’s no doubt that demand for nuclear power engineering continues to grow worldwide. T h e a d v a nt a g e s f o r Belarus are enhanced energy security, notes Mikhail Mikhadyuk, Belarus’ Deputy Energy Minister. He tells us that Belarus is among the few countries in the world which lacks its own energy resources, importing over 80 percent: primarily, natural gas, which fuels over 96 percent of domestic electricity use. Prices for imported energy continue to rise, affecting our economy. At present, Belarus annually imports around 22bn cubic metres of natural gas, costing 11bn. The launch of the nuclear power plant will allow a saving of over 5m cubic metres of natural gas annually. Belarusian nuclear energy may even be exported to Russia, Ukraine, Poland and the Baltic States at some future date, creating budget revenue. On meeting BSU students of informatics and radio-electronics in late 2012, the President noted that a second nuclear power station could be on the cards, with a site already earmarked. By Lilia Ogorodnikova

2013 беларусь.belarus

achievements Physics leads the way According to data from the Belarusian NAS, last year, domestic physicists found a way to use terahertz irradiation to xray objects, began working with isolated photons, and helped with Large Hadron Collider tests. Interestingly, 6-8 physicists are annually the most cited of our Belarusian scientists.

Supercomputers fight modern day plague

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Computer specialists and biochemists have used supercomputers to model four chemical compositions which could help battle AIDS. These block sections of the virus’ outer shell, allowing it to be ‘attacked’. Belarus has generated the basic structure for making AIDS treating medicines.

The developments of the Belarusian scientists are exposed in the National Academy of Sciences

Science improving

people’s life and health Milk from transgenic goats on a farm near Zhodino is helping our bio-physicists and pharmacologists produce a medicine imitating human lactoferrin: laboratory mice in distant California are using our synthesised ‘anti-aging medicine’: and our students are using supercomputers.

elarus’ National Academy of Sciences has determined the most significant achievements of our domestic scientists in 2012. All have practical application and aim to improve our health and quality of life.

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Domestic drugs stand high Chemists develop thin-film technologies for polarised 3D spectacles — used for watching 3D TV (RealD technology), Alginomax antacid for the elderly and first generation generic tumour fighting drugs Pemetrexid and Azacitidin.

Fairy-tale coming true Jointly with Russian scientists, biochemists have succeeded in studying the delicate interaction of protein molecules, harnessing their connection to para-magnetic substances. Vital for the development of new generation drugs, the technology seems fantastical but, in future, it should be possible to transport capsules of medicine directly to affected human cells.

Stem cell in focus Physiologists and biophysicists have created a device to facilitate the transformation of stem cells into neurons: vital in treating circulation disorders in the brain. In addition, those preferring to be diagnosed in advance can have their genome of blood lymphocytes determined, helping diagnose the harmful influence of ecological factors on our health. By Irina Durova

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modernization

Law

of energy conservation

This year, grand modernisation of the domestic economy is to include the implementation of over a hundred energy saving projects

ne such foresees the raising of production of quarry m a c h i n e r y at BelAZ, while M i n s k Mo t o r Plant is to produce

high endurance iron castings and a new mill is being built at the Belarusian Steel Works in Zhlobin. Energy consumption is to be reduced by almost a third, with the country’s timber industry supplying not only wood fuel but also being a role model for energy saving. For example, Vileika forestry is to gain LED lighting and Ostrovets forestry is to produce heating from its own raw wood materials. Rogachev will receive new boilers and drying facilities, while the forestry in Klichev will gain automated equipment for producing machine-rounded timber. “Enterprises across Belarus use about 2,000 boilers at present,” explains the Head of the Presidium at the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Piotr Vityaz. “However, every year, only about 10-12 electric and one or two gas furnaces are replaced, and only at larger enterprises.” He believes that a review of the relevant programme of technical

re-equipment and modernisation is required, so that more fuel-efficient boilers can be gradually introduced. The energy audit of enterprises and organisations is on going, led by the Institute of Energy at the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Its findings guide energy saving measures, drawn up with great professionalism, in hand with those working at enterprises. Naturally, long term savings and energy efficiency are the goal, explains Professor Victor Brodyansky, of the Moscow Energy Institute. His twelve rules of energy consumption are based on understanding of energy production and practical experience, as well as theoretical knowledge, including the use of insulation of thermodynamic systems and efficient distribution of heat. Guidelines have been placed online to help individual sites in their energy saving. By Vladimir Svetlov

2013 беларусь.belarus

expertise

Equilibrium

of successful choice The Belarusian economy is tiny on a global scale, producing just 0.15 percent of the world’s GDP. However, as a small, compact country, it’s enough.

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беларусь.belarus 2013

he question is whether we can maintain and, even, grow our revenue, to ensure a good standard of living for citizens. Across the world, there exist several poles of economic development, each only superficially friendly since, in reality, they vie to dominate new markets, ever in competition. If you rely on others, it’s important to have something unique to offer: your own niche. Mammals once co-existed with dinosaurs and, of course, have outlived their reign, being more adaptable. Can Belarus also move with the times and adapt itself rapidly to remain at the cutting edge of global demand? The discussion was taken up at a recent conference entitled The Problem of Belarus’ Balanced Integration into the World Economy. The unique geographical position of the Republic is both a blessing and a curse, since it offers unprecedented opportunities for trade and sales to both Asia and Europe. However, this very position also places us at the heart of international global competition, between technologically developed Europe, ambitious and populous Asia and resource-rich Russia. Despite these harsh realities, the Deputy Chairman of

facts the Belarusian Scientific and Industrial Association, Georgy Grits, believes we can remain more or less independent. He notes that Russia has lost its ‘intellectual’ industry, leaving Belarus to step in. We are part of the world’s industrial belt, with an existing niche which can be maintained if we prioritise correctly. The Dean of the Faculty of Economics at the Belarusian State University, Mikhail Kovalev, is convinced that we should orient our exports towards thriving Asia. Quoting various statistics and forecasts, he emphasises, “We need to decide what exactly to sell to China.” Of course, the Far East is galloping ahead and is self-sufficient in many ways. China has huge gold reserves of more than $3trillion. Finding the ‘right’ goods for the Chinese market is no e asy task however, since trends pass quickly and domestic goods are produced cheaply in China, making it difficult for rivals to compete. Of course, Far Eastern companies dream of gaining a strong foothold within Western sales markets but their setting up of factories in Belarus is a delicate subject since Russia’s WTO membership is bringing an end to free economic zones in 2017 — alongside other territories with special conditions for companies. It’s hard to say how joint ventures will fit into Belarus’ international obligations. Mr. Grits believes that our position outside of the WTO can be seen as an advantage, since we can act outside of its canons, while working jointly with Kazakhstan and Russia. All legal formalities can be met and Belarus has

the support of the Customs Union, which the world recognises as a force to be reckoned with. The current global economy is too complex to obey a single set of rules and opinions differ widely on the best strategy for survival. Some are convinced that Belarus needs to embrace Europe, while others advise primary relations with Russia and Kazakhstan and some wish to see us oriented t ow ard s t h e East. The only true consensus re l ate s to t h e need for reform and modernisation of domestic i n d u s t r y. S m a l l e r European states have begun focusing on particular niche specialties within two or three industries. Mr. Kovalev notes one example of this which is flourishing: spray cap nozzle production for the perfume industry. The company involved has taken the science of it s pro du c t t o the greatest degree, ensuring that it offers the very best quality at the best price possible. It has created its own monopoly in its narrow segment: nobody in the world can produce sprays cheaper or better. Our national economy needs to move similarly, focusing on a narrower band of specialties. There are about a hundred branches at present and we lack the necessary resources (financial, human and raw) to ensure their global competitiveness. Naturally, closing enterprises is painful socially but radical solutions are required. The time for action is approaching rapidly.

The unique geographical position of Belarus offers unprecedented opportunities for trade and sales

By Vasily Tikhonenko

Trains to arrive on time Belarusian Railways signs contract with Swiss Stadler Bussnang AG to buy six electric trains for regional lines

elarusian Railways is expected to receive four electric trains in 2013 and two more in 2014. Each will comprise five carriages and boast more comfort and passenger capacity. Seats will be positioned in rows, with additional shelves for hand-luggage. Belarusian Railways signed its first contract for delivery of ten new-generation electric trains in March 2010, with five arriving in 2011, and the rest in 2012.

Launch scheduled for end of year Manufacture of Belarusian tractors in South-East Asia to begin in Cambodia

he Industry Ministry of Belarus is supporting Minsk’s Tractor Works in transferring 32m Cambodian Riels (about $8,000) into the authorised capital of private joint company Belarus-Mekong Ltd. -- established in Phnom Penh. It is to be Belarus’ first tractor assembly factory in the ASEAN region, with Cambodia offering unprecedented terms for Belarus: full exemption from duties and taxes. The assembly factory is expected to start operations by late 2013, with tractors being sold throughout the ASEAN region.

2013 беларусь.belarus

personal consideration In 2012, Belarusian depositors were anxious, ready to react promptly to any fall in the exchange rate by withdrawing their money from bank accounts, having been frightened by such situations in the past. Of course, those trusting in the domestic banking system won out, with rates remaining quite steady. What does 2013 hold in store?

Rouble

t’s natural to feel panic at the idea of devaluation, since Belarus has a history of implementing this strategy. People have come to fear the unexpected, regardless of official announcement and are sceptical regarding promises of currency stability. Sadly, such feelings negatively influence the market, notes the Dean of the Belarusian State University’s Economics Department, Mikhail Kovalev. He tells us, “The foreign currency exchange rate depends not only on objective factors, sadly. Public panic can influence it, as in 2011, when the necessary 20 percent devaluation was postponed in response to public feeling. Delaying the decision resulted in the devaluation having to be almost three times as great.” He believes that it’s essential for the authorities to explain their monetary-credit policy ahead of time, to promote a feeling of trust and see off speculation. “There was a recent SMS campaign, with messages warning of a ‘planned’ devaluation by the National Bank. Its prompt reaction and clear explanation was helpful. We’d benefit from legislation preventing Internet sites groundlessly generating panic however.” Not long ago, the National Bank of Belarus made an official announcement that, in 2013, it would continue to use a market-based exchange rate policy. This year, the Belarusian Rouble exchange rate is being guided by 2012 principles, proceeding from demand and supply, with minimum participation from the regulating body. “The exchange rate of the

беларусь.belarus 2013

Belarusian Rouble falls when there’s more demand for foreign currency and rises when there is excess supply of foreign currency. Flexibility reflects the market situation but does not provide reasons for sustainable movement of the exchange rate in either side,” the National Bank explains. Recent reform has moved Belarus from an ‘anchor’ rate fixed to a basket of currencies (within a corridor of limits applied domestically before the foreign currency crisis emerged) towards a more flexible and manageable rate. The move has been praised by such institutions as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. However, the National Bank continues to reflect the foreign currency basket in its calculations for the Belarusian Rouble rate.

“The appointment of a new chairman of the board has given the National Bank’s foreign currency policy firmer definition — especially regarding emission, which must be tightly controlled. Mr. Kovalev notes, “Of course, a tough monetar y p olic y has a down-side, as it can hamper economic growth. However, it’s better to enjoy a stable rate than the vague promise of GDP growth.” Depositors will be wondering how best to keep their money in 2013, since the difference between rates on Rouble and foreign currency deposits is significant: 40-43 percent per annum

personal consideration

confirms its profitability

Papers have their value Financial instrument could attract foreign currency deposits

comp are d to just 5-6 percent. Of course, some people have bought foreign currency state bonds (issued by theFinance Ministry), which guarantee a return of 7 percent per year. However, banks don’t view these as a serious rival to currency deposits, since their emission is smaller than the market of foreign currency deposits. “In coming months, no drastic changes are expected regarding Rouble and foreign currency rates: the Dollar won’t seriously fluctuate against the Euro or the national currency. The refinancing rate stands at

30 percent, so Rouble deposits are bringing a good return. Even with the planned stage-by-stage devaluation of 5-10 percent by the end of the year, Rouble deposit rates will remain profitable with little risk,” explains Mr. Kovalev. “Meanwhile, the profitability of foreign currency deposits — and that of much-spoken-of currency bonds — is much lower. I’m convinced that it’s more profitable to hold Belarusian Rouble savings at present.” Impressively, a deposit of Br20m would generate a profit of Br8m (around $940) in a single year, assuming a rate of 40 percent per annum. The same sum saved in foreign currency (at 5 percent) would generate a mere $117 in profit. In fact, those saving in Dollars would make no profit until the exchange rate reached Br11,900, which is not expected in the near or distant future. By Boris Alexeichenko

elarusbank is now offering Belarusian Finance Ministry bonds in US Dollars. The first and second issue have been launched simultaneously, worth $50m. Bonds in the first issue cost $200 while those in the second have a face value of $1,000. The rate of return is fixed, standing at 7 percent per annum, with the first payment due on June 20th, 2013. The issue aims to raise funds for the state budget: a form of borrowing widely used around the globe. Previously, such state bonds in foreign currencies were open to legal entities only; now, sales are open to all buyers. The Finance Ministry confirms that the state guarantees the return of money, with bonds able to be presented at any branch of Belarusbank. They can also be transferred or given to other people as gifts, being unregistered.

Evolution of currency Virtual penny in electronic ‘purse’

“E

lectronic payments are becoming more popular in Belarus every year. Over the last few years, the e-money market has expanded greatly,” notes the Deputy Chairman of the National Bank, Sergey Dubkov. “Unfortunately, we are yet to receive statistics for 2012 but, in 2011, Br1.23bn passed hands electronically in Belarus: up almost 2.5 times on the year before.”

2013 беларусь.belarus

financial sector

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Real assessment

Interest rates coming out of the shadow Banks are banned to take commission on loans

ecent amendments to the Banking Code prevent banks from taking payments from borrowers for loan use, as from January 2013. How will this affect the cost of borrowing?

беларусь.belarus 2013

Sly payments Of course, we cannot accuse the banks of cheating customers. Rather, they have used masterful marketing to add commission fees to loans. For example, a declared rate of 30 percent per annum may bring an additional fee of almost three percent per month, which adds on an extra 36 percent per annum (plus 3 percent of the initial amount). All together, customers may be paying around 70 percent per annum. Some banks are closer to 100 percent or, even, 140 percent.

Now, the declared interest rate must reflect the full cost of borrowing, notes the Deputy Chairman of the National Bank, Sergey Dubkov. Experts predict that rates will rise visually but will actually stay the same, simply revealing the full cost to customers. The most expensive loans are those requiring no guarantor or proof of earnings, with such products generally costing 100 per cent per annum. Without question, borrowers need to appreciate the full cost of a loan before committing themselves. “Initially, there may be a psychological barrier,” admits financial analyst Yevgeny Mandrusov. “Few people seriously consider the interest rate. Loans are an instrument of financing purchases and for funding business ventures, so their popularity will eventually be restored, as incomes rise and the economy grows. Naturally, people should always read terms carefully, deciding whether they can afford repayments rather than simply being lured by the promise of instant money.

Matter of psychology Banks need to change their approach to advertising, to ensure complete honesty, stresses banking expert Yekaterina Smirnova. “We should draw attention not just to the full interest rate, but to monthly payments. To improve the financial literacy of the population, a programme has been drafted for 2013-2018, developed jointly by the Government and the National Bank. The Deputy Chairman of the National Bank, Nikolay Luzgin, notes that no change to the refinancing rate is planned in the near future but that, by the end of the year, it should be reduced to 15 percent. The exchange rate of the Belarusian Rouble is guided by market principles and received nominal devaluation last year. “In reality, the exchange rate of the Belarusian Rouble rose by 14.9 percent,” explains Mr. Luzgin. “This year, inflation is forecast to stand at around 10-12 percent, with gradual devaluation neutralised by GDP growth and rising real incomes.” By Victor Khromchenko

own integration

Imperatives of time improve communication The 21st century is being hailed as a time of integration, as Belarus is already realising

hile bordering the European Union (which unites 27 st ates, w it h a population of over 500 million) and enjoying a GDP of around $15tr, it is also taking part in major unification via the Eurasian Union — due to be operational by 2015. Of course, integration comes not only through inter-state union, but through the liaisons of national economies and enterprises. International Monetary Fund research indicates that, over the past 150 years, the role of the state has risen 4.5 fold on average among the world’s top 30 most developed countries. From 1870-1996, the share of state expenditure within GDP in the USA grew from 7.3 to 33.3 percent — despite apparent market self-regulation. The figure rose from 8.8 to 36.2 percent in Japan, from 10 to 49 percent in Germany, from 12.6 to 54.5 percent in France, and from 5.7 to 64.7 percent in Sweden. Of course, anti-crisis injections into Western states’ economies have strengthened the trend, which should help us understand many issues. It may explain why the former Soviet republics faced a sharp decline in production and standards of living after market reforms

led to withdrawal of much state participation. Moreover, it’s now clear why Belarus has taken the lead within the post-Soviet space since 1994 — strengthening the state’s economic role and following the spirit of the times (though lacking its own natural resources). As regards the UN Human Development Index, our country continues to lead among CIS states. In fact, the withdrawal of state support for the economy, following governmental orientation towards market liberalisation, hastened the arrival of the 2011 global crisis in Belarus, painfully affecting our citizens’ wellbeing. With this in mind, Alexander Lukashenko announced to the Government and the National Bank in November 2011, “I’m seriously worried by the Government’s excessive passion for market reform. Having stopped regulating prices and other economic processes, we’ve seen negative results and serious problems. To solve them, we need to take additional efforts and set aside more funds. Despite the Government’s vigorous measures to efficiently mobilise resources and overcome negative factors, I have simply observed discussion and speculation on the advantages of the liberal development model and of radical reform. Even the West is searching for ways to curb the power of the market, looking at nation-

alisation to strengthen state control and manage socio-economic processes.” A return to active state economic management helped ensure stabilisation in 2012. Integration between enterprises is also active, with fast capital concentration and profits (under the control of huge corporations); this leads to market monopolies and lack of competitiveness. While transitional states have seen small and medium-sized businesses develop rapidly, companies with funds exceeding $1bn in cumulative capital rose from a 49 to 83 percent share of those operational in the USA. Meanwhile, their joint profit rose from 52 to 86 percent of the total from 1970-2006. Similar trends are being seen in other technologically developed countries, including in Belarus. We have managed to prevent market powers from destroying our major enterprises — as has happened in many neighbouring states — ensuring that we continue to earn foreign currency through the sale of tractors, buses, trucks, trolley buses and oil products. Classical competitive-market ideology is now in the past, giving way to progressive integration, pushing us to nurture large industrial, food and energy companies and work towards integration within the post-Soviet space. By Valery Bainev

2013 беларусь.belarus

hope of life

Heart stops... and goes on Miracles do happen, especially at Christmas time. This year’s holiday brought life saving operations for seven Belarusian children suffering from congenital heart disease. Experienced Belarusian and foreign cardio-surgeons gave their time to the Children’s Heart charity, which is jointly run by the Belarusian Health Ministry, the Republican Cardiology Scientific-Practical Centre, the Belarusian Children’s Fund and the International Children’s Heart Charity Fund (Memphis, USA). 24

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perations have been conducted at the Republican C h i l d r e n’s Cardio-Surgery Centre since 2000 through the scheme, with Belarusian doctors receiving help in mastering new techniques from famous American William Novik: Professor of Surgery at Tennessee University and Director of the Children’s Heart Fund.

Severe case Five year old Zlata, from Brest, is already eager to show her toys to other patients on the ward and is running around her bed, despite only having been operated upon five days ago. The experienced team of cardio-surgeons — headed by Mr. Novik spent seven hours working on her heart. “My daughter was born with aortic valve failure,” Zlata’s mother, Nina, tells us. “This was clear immediately after her birth. Our shock then became fear: how

would my baby live?” One heart valve opened in reverse, affecting blood circulation, since blood ran back into the left ventricle. The situation was grave, and would eventually have been terminal were it not for her receiving surgery on the second day of her life. However, this was just the beginning... “My daughter is still growing but her aortic valve remains unchanged,” explains Nina. “She hasn’t been feeling unwell but the doctors say she may experience health problems in about six months. Through the Children’s Heart charity, the best surgeons have operated on Zlata. We really hope she’ll be fine.”

Return to life “The Ross open heart procedure was the only solution for the girl,” explains the Deputy Director for Child Cardio-Surgery at the Cardiology Republican ScientificPractical Centre, Konstantin Drozdovsky. “At present, she feels well and should return to normality within five days.” Domestic cardio-surger y has advanced significantly; just fifteen

the fact years ago, children suffering from heart problems could only be operated upon after reaching a certain weight (10kg). Now, modern technologies and new equipment allow even newborns to receive surgery, offering them a better chance of recovery. “Ourspecialistsperformallbutthemost complex operations now. Only extremely complicated cases are beyond our technical expertise,” notes Mr. Drozdovsky. “Prof. Novik’s huge experience in the field of children’s cardio-surgery is a great help. He travels all over the world and has seen over 250 pathologies, so can help us master new techniques.” Complicated operations are conducted as part of the Children’s Heart programme, with Prof. Novik having participated in a Ross procedure, a correction of Ebstein’s anomaly and other severe cases. Experience exchange is reaping results; since 2009, Belarusian cardio-surgeons have been working with an international cardio-surgery team worldwide — led by the famous professor. “In truth, Belarusian cardio-surgeons don’t need our help,” admits Mr. Novik. “Their qualifications are already high — even higher than in Europe. Meanwhile, the Republican Children’s CardioSurgery Centre meets global standards.”

Heart-related affairs

“This joint project has been running for over a decade in our country,” notes the Director of the Belarusian Children’s Fund Republican Public Association, Alexander Trukhan. “Over this time, over 400 babies suffering from serious diseases have b een successfully operated upon; meanwhile, over 1,800 have received consultations.” Other specialists also visit, offering training for medical staff: from our surgeons to nurses. Mr. Novik-led international teams include specialists from 11 countries — including members from the USA, Canada, Australia, the UK and Germany. “For many children, these joint Belarusian and foreign doctor teams offer their only opportunity for recovery,” continues Mr. Trukhan. “Of course, operations are conducted free of charge: our Fund’s staff, jointly with volunteers, invite, host and accompany these international teams. Visits are funded by a Belarusian company, which covers all expenses relating to doctors’ stay in our country. Moreover, the company provides the Republican Children’s Cardio-Surgery Centre with everything it needs for its operations, as well as for the treatment and recuperation of young patients.” T h e C h i l d r e n’s H e a r t programme also helps children regain their health a f t e r s u r g e r y. O v e r t h e past seven years, the Nadezhda (Hope) Rehabilitation Centre has been welcoming young patients onto i t s Me r r y He a r t s proj e c t . D o c t or s , psychologists and rehabilitating staff work to restore the children’s faith in themselves and their belief in the future. So far, 307 children have received help. By Yevgenia Snitkova

Effective application of IT Minsk hospitals and clinics moving to electronic health records by 2015

ealth care institutions are soon to hold 90 percent of records in electronic form, meeting the norm in advanced Western European countries. With the widespread introduction of electronic health records, patients will be able to make appointments at any medical facility, with doctors accessing their records simply by typing their last name, initials and other basic information. Of course, the move reduces paperwork drastically, saving time and money. According to the Chairman of the Healthcare Committee at the Minsk City Executive Committee, Victor Sirenko, hospitals and clinics are already starting to use the new system, with over 80 percent of records now transferred. The 2nd children’s city hospital piloted the electronic system, alongside the 6th and 10th city clinical hospitals and a number of dental clinics. Mr. Sirenko tells us, “The new medical records system will be fully operational only once each doctor’s clinic has the relevant software installed. The first phase of nationwide informatisation (2005-2012) has brought technology to a new level, including automated passport printing, the collating of demographic information and processing of statistical data.

2013 беларусь.belarus

GOOD DEED

Great enthusiast Vladimir Terekhov In most cases, we view ‘radiation’ negatively, associating it with nuclear power station disasters. Belarusians, who have greatly suffered from the aftermath of Chernobyl, can hardly perceive it differently. However, when controlled, radiation can bring benefits, such as being used in radionuclide diagnostics — a vital treatment for some conditions.

n world practice, radionuclide diagnostics (‘nuclear medicine’) celebrated their 85th anniversary recently, having begun in 1927. “Despite this, such techniques are yet to be widely applied in Belarus: we lack specialists and information on practical application,” explains the Head of Minsk’s City Centre for Radionuclide Diagnostics, Vladimir Terekhov. How is radionuclide diagnostics used? Generally, they supplement other research methods... Modern doctors rely on examinations and tests to diagnose patients: x-ray computer tomography, nuclear magnetic resonance and ultrasonic methods. Radionuclide research is a significant weapon in their arsenal,

being able to detect myocardial ischemia and hidden ischemia at an early stage. This brings early treatment, avoiding such invasive method of examination as coronary angiography, which can be expensive and more risky.

Vladimir Terekhov is processing the diagnostics data

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GOOD DEED Naturally, it’s beneficial to reduce healthcare costs and avoid additional extreme diagnostic interventions. In gaining a full picture of the nature of an illness, efficient treatments can be prescribed (for example, regarding ischemia) — even avoiding surgery. Preventative medicine can be deployed at an early stage, which may prove successful alone. For example, a patient undergoes examination before the first signs of ischemia and is offered a course of treatment. Afterwards, they are re-examined to determine in dynamics whether the treatment has helped. Radionuclide diagnostics can be used in cases of perfusion of brain tissue, during circulatory problems and heart attack. Belarus actually leads in this sphere, with our Centre for Radionuclide Diagnostics (set up two years ago) studying perfusion of the myocardium and brain. Our methods are actively helping staff at the Republican Cardiology Scientific-Practical Centre operate on brachiocephalic arteries. Moreover, the method of differential diagnostics of renovascular and essential forms of hypertension (kidney or non-kidney pressure) has been modified and is actively implemented. Our staff have been twice awarded — including by the President of Belarus, and the Centre has published two monographs on radionuclide diagnostics while actively participating in lecturing. In Soviet times, such specialists were trained in Moscow, St. Petersburg and Kiev and, after the USSR’s collapse, our specialists were left on the sidelines. With this in mind, staff training is of vital importance. What does the future hold? Future is the launch of hybrid technologies and hybrid apparatuses which will be combining single-photon emission computer tomograph (the sphere of radionuclide diagnostics) and x-ray computer tomograph (roentgenology). This symbiosis of radionuclide

and roentgen methods of examination — two in one — allows patients to speed up the process of examination. I would formulate the task of radionuclide diagnostics in the following way: radionuclide diagnostics allow us to gain roentgen tomography data, visualising the structure of organs. We can study their functional condition and peculiarities via one-

photon emission tomography, receiving trustworthy and complete information on brain and heart function, the growth of cancers and other abnormalities at cell or sub-cell level. Such equipment will have several applications. At present, the world medicine practice goes away from one-type devices while launching those which combine several diagnostic directions. Another device will be uniting single-photon computer tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance. In Europe, leading companies like Siemens, General Electric and Philips are involved in such development, combining nuclear magnetic resonance, x-ray computer tomography and single-photon emission computer tomography. This will allow examination at molecular sub-cell level. Our country is keen to be at the cutting edge of such science. Mr. Terekhov advises me to speak to radiologist Anatoly Kharchenko, who has spent thirty years in this profession. What importance do radionuclide diagnostics have? Are they really essential to medical progress?

It’s not only my opinion but that of all those involved in roentgen research; ultra-sound allows us to see the construction of an organ’s tissue. Where heart attack might have been presumed previously, our method can locate other causes for heart malfunction — such as poor blood supply. We recently had a female patient whose ultra-sound and electrocardiogram results pointed to such a conclusion. Our method is unique and a valuable weapon in the medical arsenal. Several test results can be placed in a computer database, bringing a more accurate diagnosis. One day, we’d like to see ultra-sound diagnostics and radionuclide diagnostics used alongside traditional clinical methods. We’re already working closely with doctors from clinics. Are achievements in this sphere significant? Experience comes from practice while methods develop from using new equipment. The first gamma ray chambers had a resolution of 3cm, but this is now down to 1cm — and even 1mm. Improved technology brings better accuracy — especially using computer processing software, databases and modelling. We have specialists but training is a little haphazard. Doctors, engineers and nurses would benefit greatly from being taught at radionuclide diagnostics courses together, so that they could work in liaison. It’s something for the future. The Head of the Centre Vladimir Terekhov hopes to see the City Centre for Radionuclide Diagnostics gain Republican status, via the setting up of methodical training and the accumulation of clinical practice. Naturally, the regions also need such experience, to allow patients countrywide to benefit. Mr. Terekhov is confident that the time will come but hopes that there is not too long to wait. By Victor Khromov

2013 беларусь.belarus

books are omnipotent

Folios, bestsellers

Publishers from 25 countries take part in 20th Minsk International Book Fair 28

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Artur Prupas

and other books on show

he national stand of Belarus at the 20th Minsk International Book Fair, held at the BelExpo Exhibition Centre, boasted a logo of old library shelves with a ladder leant against them. The motto of the exhibition was ‘Know yourself through reading!’ The President of Belarus congratulated everyone taking part, noting that, over the past 20 years, the forum has become not only a highlight of our cultural and spiritual life but a well-known event in the world book community. His message read: ‘The current anniversary exhibition-fair, following the Year of Books, is a great contribution to encouraging reading, literature and artistic expression.’ Mr. Lukashenko wished every success to the organisers and participants of the exhibition, and to all readers. Despite fears that reading may be on the decline as a leisure activity, the huge crowds at the book fair give evidence to the contrary. E-books and new publication and storage formats may appear but our love for books remains. The book fair saw the presentation of ‘The First Book of the Belarusian People’ — a reproduction of the 12th century Gospel of Polotsk. Meanwhile, Polotsk. 1150, from the Petrus Brovka Belarusian Encyclopaedia Publishing House, marks the anniversary of the ancient city. The same publishing house also presented its Belarusians of Moscow in the 17th Century. Another series is called Harmony of Hearts, whose first edition is entitled Thoughts of the Motherland, published by Zvyazda Publishing House. The guest of honour, Russia, featured about 200 publishing houses at its stand. In addition there was a photographic exhibition featuring shots by the legend of Soviet and Russian journalism Yuri Abramochkin. As a Kremlin photographer, he chronicled an age. Editions were displayed under such themes as The World of Slavic Culture, History, Culture, Science, and Education.

news Another exhibition showcased drawings by students of the Graphic Arts Faculty at the Moscow State University (named after Ivan Fedorov) while a similar display of works was on the Art Floor, by students of the Belarusian Academy of Arts. Discussions were held on the topics of ‘The Problem of Reading’ and ‘The 70th anniversary of the Battle of Stalingrad’. Traditionally, families attend the book fair and teachers bring their students. It’s wonderful to encourage reading and love for books from an early age; the concepts of ‘family’ and ‘books’ should be inseparable — as the Family — Unity — Fatherland spiritual and educational programme specifies. On the Art Floor, the international ‘Centre of the Family’ project was detailed. The ‘Semkovo Versailles’ — a unique 18th century manor and estate in the village of Semkovo near Minsk - was once the residence of Minsk’s last governor, Khmara; now in ruins, the project aims to revive the site. Also a guest of honour, the French designed their stand to resemble a Parisian café, with discussions held on trends in French literature and on the purpose of the book fair (as a showcase of a country, a reflection of society or a retail opportunity). Visitors do love to buy books at such events. Among the most impressive was a twenty volume set of works by Yakub Kolas, bound in gold and brown. Meanwhile, green and silver

binding encased volumes by Maxim Tank. Both legends enjoyed anniversary birthdays in the Year of Books in 2012. Past winners of the national ‘Art of Books’ contest had their illustrations on show on the Art Floor. Those who won the latest, 52nd, competition were officially announced on the first day of the exhibition at the National Library. In all, 175 works took part in the competition, with the winners chosen by jury in 14 categories. The Polotsk. 1150 photographic album received the Grand Prix in the ‘Triumph’ nomination while the Petrus Brovka Belarusian Encyclopaedia Publishing House was awarded the ‘Golden Folio’ and Frantsisk Skorina honorary diploma, as were designer Vsevolod Svetokhovsky and the Belarusian Printing House Publishing House. Victory in the ‘Spirituality’ nomination was won by a reproduction edition of the spiritual and educational Life of Blessed Yevfsrosiniya, Abbess of the Monastery of St. Saviour Pantocrator in the city of Polotsk. Books require not just authors but illustrators, publishers and distributors. Accordingly, the latter are recognised through the Ministry of Information’s award for ‘Best Bookstore’. The Day of Ukrainian Books was another highlight of the exhibition, as was an autograph session by Olympic Champions Alexander Medved and Yelena Belova: who feature in the series Lives of Great People of Belarus, by the Mastatskaya Litaratura Publishing House. There was also an open microphone on ‘Modern Views on Pupils’ Education’. In 2017, our first printer, Frantsisk Skorina, is celebrating 500 years since releasing his first book in the Belarusian language. The achievements of his successors were on display at the book fair, in which representatives of 25 countries took part. By Veniamin Khmarin

King Stakh arrives abroad One of Vladimir Korotkevich’s most famous works published in English in the UK

ritish Publishing House Glagoslav Publications has published King Stakh’s Wild Hunt (known locally as The Savage Hunt of King Stakh): an historical novel now celebrating its 80th anniversary. Vladimir Korotkevich is one of the most translated native authors, whose novel is now available in Belarusian, Russian, Ukrainian and English. The British publishers are promoting the story as a mystery, set against an historical background, intriguing readers. The edition opens with the words: ‘I am an old man, a very old man...’ The book notes: ‘From the first page, readers are immersed in an atmosphere of dark fear for the inevitable and soon begin to feel alarm as they travel with Beloretsky across the marshes, meeting strangely frightened figures who are clearly hiding something or appear unhappy.’ According to t he website of Glagoslav Publications, the book is published in soft and hard cover versions (at 18.80 and 25.50 Euros respectively). It is also available in electronic format (for 9.95 Euros).

2013 беларусь.belarus

unicity

’m leafing with excitement through an advance copy of the album Belarusians through Photography by Isaac Serbov in 1911-1912. The bulky volume has just arrived from the Belarusian Encyclopaedia Publishing House and still smells of fresh ink. Within, you can explore the works of famous Belarusian ethnographer and archaeologist, scholar and historian Isaac Serbov. By order of the NorthWest Branch of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society, he was tasked with cataloguing life in the Minsk, Brest, Gomel and Mogilev regions. He walked on foot and travelled by cart, bicycle and train to 74 towns and villages, armed with his camera. He particularly loved Belarusian Polesie, from whence my ancestors came, living in the town of Petrikov, situated on the banks of the Pripyat. According to family legend, my great-grandfather ceramist made glazed clay pots there, which were famous almost as far as Warsaw. Alas, none of the faces in the book appear to be from my own family, as seen in our old albums, but the portraits cannot help but strike a chord. A bearded merchant stares seriously at the camera, standing in Petrikov market. More photos depict a lively gypsy camp and the familiar silhouette of the church on the hill. The Belarusian Ambassador to Lithuania, Vladimir Drazhin, has worked hard to ensure that the edition has reached publication and I’m hugely grateful for his efforts. Serbov’s shots capture the very essence of the Belarusian people: their diligence, humility, pride and loyalty to their homeland. From the lowly peasant bearing his farming tools to the wheel-maker and Polesie potters with their mountains of earthenware, standing beside their furnace, we see the burden and pride of labour. Women are naturally beautiful, shining with devotion to their children and family, wearing homespun dresses

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Fascinated with Polesie

442 unique photos of Belarusians published a century later and elaborate headdresses. Sadly, photography of the time could not depict the rich colours of those folk patterns. Most buildings, from the school to the church and homes, are simply thatched. The handwritten comments of Isaac Serbov against each photo are also fascinating, detailing his thoughts on the influence of industrial progress: ‘Everything old — buildings, their contents, tools and clothes — is being replaced by the new’. The younger generation was learning new habits fast, with the traditions of their ancestors losing popularity. The photographs are an invaluable record of local customs, clothing and way of life. The faces are especially notable, not yet indelibly imprinted by the events soon to follow:

World War I, the October Revolution and collectivisation, then World War II. Older villagers rarely objected to posing for the camera, wearing their holiday attire. Just twenty miles from Minsk, towards Slutsk, men wore long white shirts with simple necks and large turndown collars, with white trousers and willow bast shoes. Their broad, colourful belts held their tobacco pouch and a knife. Around Kletsk, most women wore coloured clothing with a red hat — known as a ‘woodpecker’. Younger people were shy, usually refusing to be photographed, feeling that they might be made fun of. Serbov’s shots certainly revealed how clothes, farming and the everyday life of Belarusians varied across the regions,

brand and how they have since changed with time. Of course, some of his subjects were farmers while others were skilled craftsmen. Some were from villages around Slutsk while others served the Tsar in some way. The names of settlements reveal much; in Luchniki, villagers made bows while Seryagi residents wove grey cloth jackets and those from Ogorodniki grew and sold vegetables. The edition is sure to be interesting to researchers and to all those interested in their folk legacy. The first copies are being distributed to libraries, universities and embassies and the edition even features a forward written by the President of Belarus, Alexander Lukashenko. This reads: ‘Knowledge and remembrance of the history of our own country, honouring our ancestors and the legacy they have left us brings spirituality in the highest sense. This is what it means to be Belarusian.’ It is truly wonderful that such photographs survived war and the Revolution, becoming published one century later. Mr. Serbov was born in 1871 to a family of land-hungry Belarusian peasants, in the Mogilev Province. His keen interest in learning led him to work as a teacher at a Minsk gymnasium, and he was an active member of the NorthWest Branch of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society, which reformed in 1910, based in Vilno (now Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania). In 1913, Mr. Serbov moved there and gave his first photography exhibition. After the October Revolution, he helped set up the Belarusian Academy of Sciences and worked there. Unlike the other founders, he escaped repression and died in 1943, in Tambov, having been e vac u ate d t here before the Germans captured Minsk.

The location of Mr. Serbov’s glass photographic plate negatives (around 2000 from his Belarusian Polesie expedition) remains unknown. However, 442 copies were kept for decades in the Manuscript Department of the Vilnius University Library, attracting the attention of Belarusian researchers a few decades ago. Their authorship was identified and most were published in an album, with text, compiled by Olga Lobachevskaya — who holds a Ph.D. in Art History and is an Associate Professor of the Belarusian State University of Culture and Arts. “Lithuanian specialists assisted in the preparation of the publication, including the Deputy Director of the Library of Vilnius University, Maria Prokopchik, employees Niele Shulgene and Valentina Karpova, and the Head of the Science and Encyclopaedia Publishing Centre of Lithuania, Rimantas Kareckas,” explains the author. “We should be grateful to our Lithuanian colleagues for them having preserved priceless items of Belarusian heritage, which they have placed in digital format and made public. They’ve even held several exhibitions.” The joint edition took two years to complete and, without exaggeration, can be called a monumental work. The Chief Editor of the Belarusian Encyclopaedia series, Larisa Yazykovich, notes that this is the second volume in theEncyclopaedia of Rarities collection, in cooperation with Lithuanian c ol l e a g u e s . In 2012, an album of drawings by Russian artist Dmitry Strukov was published; by coincidence, he travelled to the same places as Mr. Serbov, half a century earlier. By Vladimir Yakovlev

Unique monument highly rated Mir Castle among Europe’s most beautiful

he British online site femalefirst. co.uk has compiled a list of the top 23 castles in Europe, featuring Belarus’ architectural pearl of Mir Castle. The site notes Mir Castle’s turbulent history and its near century long abandonment. It was restored in the late 19th century but retains elements of the Renaissance and Baroque style, as well as beautiful parklands and waterways. The website also commends Bojnice Castle in Slovakia, Neuschwanstein Castle in Germany, Edinburgh Castle in the UK, Dracula Castle (Bran) in Romania, Trakai Castle in Lithuania, Prague Castle in the Czech Republic and Vianden Castle in Luxembourg. The Grodno Region’s Mir Castle is a unique and exceptional example of 16th century defensive architecture, combining successive elements of European style: Gothic, Baroque, and Renaissance. In 2000, it was registered on UNESCO’s World Cultural Heritage List and, in December 2010, opened to tourists after renovation. The castle complex comprises a family vault, an Italian Renaissance garden, an English garden and a pond, as well as the castle itself. It traditionally hosts concerts and knights’ festivals, as well as art and craft fairs.

2013 беларусь.belarus

motley mosaic

 Exhibits of their time Grodno Historical and Archaeological Museum recreates 1920s station platform

 Singing order by design Draw hosted by Swedish Malmö places Alena Lanskaya in the second part of Eurovision-2014 first semi-finals, scheduled for May 14th

he 58th Eurovision Song Contest will bring together representatives of 39 countries, with the first semifinal opened by Denmark and finished by Moldova. Artists from Croatia, Ukraine, Holland, Austria, Slovenia, Estonia, Russia, Lithuania, Serbia, Ireland, Cyprus, Montenegro and Belgium will compete against our Belarusian songstress for a place in the final round. The second semi-final is scheduled for May 16th, with Italy, Spain, Germany, France, the UK and Sweden automatically being entered into the final contest, to be held on May 18th.

 QR-code and Black Lady Nesvizh continues to enhance its tourist attractiveness

he town has become one of the first in the country to use QR-codes with its sites. The Nesvizh National Historical and Cultural MuseumReserve aims to raise the town’s tourist attractiveness while making information on its attractions accessible to domestic and foreign tourists.

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he exhibition marks the 150th anniversary of Belarusian Railways, comprising items from various museums and private collectors: old railroad lanterns and tools, telegraphs, watches and models of locomotives and wagons from the late 19th-early 20th century. The installation of the 1920s Grodno platform features luggage and trunks and other items popular with passengers at the time. A 1950s style station duty officer’s room is also open to visitors. The exhibition presents photographs of stations and steel railway bridges from the St. PetersburgWarsaw railway line (the first to pass through B e l ar u s ) a s w e l l as certificates, permits, awards and personal items once owned by rail workers. Some photos have been donated from the personal collections of Grodno rail veterans. QR-codes can be scanned to hear an audio-guide or to visit the relevant section of the Nesvizh Museum-Reserve website. Information is available in four languages: Belarusian, English, Russian and Polish. The Radziwill Palace, Corpus Christi Catholic Church, the Town Hall, the Slutskaya Brama (Slutsk Gate), the House of Craftsmen, and former monasteries of the Bernardians and Benedictines are the first to be placed within the system. The Nesvizh Museum-Reserve has also acquired its first officially registered trademark, which will only be

 Bach followed by Chopin Belarusian J.S. Bach cartoon wins Golden Eagle for ‘Best Animated Film2012’, awarded by the National Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences of Russia

he contest brought together 32 short animated films, with the Belarusian entry being 13 minutes long. The Golden Eagle victory is our first at the prestigious forum, although Belarus’ animated film industry is 42 years old. The film’s director, Yelena Petkevich, was uncertain of the idea initially but her childhood recollections of Bach and his music helped her bring the film to life in a poetic and romantic manner. Oleg Silvanovich, the Director General of the Belarusfilm National Film Studio, is confident that more awards are in store for the cartoon, which is to take part in at least 15 film festivals. used where specific permission has been granted. ‘Black Lady of Nesvizh’ chocolate has also appeared in the town’s stores, depicting her image on the packaging — as chosen through open contest.

heritage

Local dishes as attractions Oil sheep and rye bread from the Glubokoe District recognised as part of the intangible cultural heritage of Belarus

recent meeting of the Scientific and Methodological Council for Historical and Cultural Heritage had added the two unique culinary creations to the recognised legacy of Belarus, helping ensure their preservation. Teresa Strui and her daughter, Marina Khrol, from the village of Matyukovo, have been cooking butter

ram for celebratory events for many years. Homemade salted butter is used to form the shape of a ram with horns and curly wool, explains the Director of the Vitebsk Regional Methodological Centre for Folk Art, Yekaterina Labuko. The ‘sculpture’ can decorate any holiday table but lasts for some time, allowing it to be enjoyed for weeks. Traditionally, the ram is eaten from its tail forwards. The wonderful art of butter shaping is known throughout the Glubokoe District, and the ladies often receive

orders for weddings, baptisms and for Easter parties — from far and wide. Anot her t radit ion is ass o ciated with baking rye bread, explains Stepanida Lupach, from the village of Derkovshchina. She bakes various rye breads, in the shape of maple leaves, adding bacon for flavour, ‘earlymaturing’ and special to take on the road. Moreover, she’s happy to share her experience with local school students and those attending arts and crafts classes at the House of Crafts. According to Ms. Labuko, the Glubokoe authorities hope that their traditional dishes will attract visitors to the region. It’s planned to build a hut with a furnace for baking rye bread. Butter rams will also be made there, allowing guests to watch first hand. The Vitebsk Region already boasts intangible cultural heritage treasures — such as the Christmas game of ‘Tereshka’s Wedding’, from the Lepel District. Vitebsk is rich in cultural traditions, with over a dozen ceremonies, crafts, and dishes already recognised on the list of intangible cultural heritage. Another four items are soon to be presented to the Scientific and Methodological Council: openwork weaving, felt making, the wedding horned round loaf and another national dish. Belarus was one of the first countries to sign a UNESCO convention safeguarding intangible cultural heritage, in 2003. Our country is also a member of the UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage. Since 2005, Belarus has worked hard to identify aspects of its intangible cultural heritage. The ‘Kolyady Tsars’ ritual, performed during the celebration of Christmas and New Year in the village of Semezhevo in the Minsk Region, was the first to be recognised. Belarus now has a single state list of over 60 historical and cultural treasures: material and intangible. By Daria Kurilova

2013 беларусь.belarus

Wide soul

‘Dudariki’

descended from pipers People’s Accordionist Dmitry Rovensky, from Russia, and his three creative groups, have brought the joy of music to thousands

ise men spend their whole lives in search of that which defines life and gives us pu r p o s e. Perhaps the answer is music, which rouses our souls and ignites a flame within our hearts. It’s said that pipers hear the ‘voice of heaven’. The Belarusian sibling of the Scottish bagpipes has perhaps become a sacred voice. In Yakub Kolas’ famous poem Symon, the Musician, an old man gives a talented boy a pipe, telling him, ‘You — musician, brother — will become a piper...’ Since ancient times, pipers have been respected and loved. Dudariki are beginners, who learn on ordinary reed pipes and fistulas. Who knows if Honoured Cultural Figure of

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Belarus Mr. Rovensky was a master of the pipes himself when he created the children’s Dudariki group, in 1970, at the Minsk School (now school #14). He can certainly play now, owning an authentic pipe in his large, unique collection of musical instruments. Why did he call the group Dudariki? Let’s listen as Dmitry tells us about his musical pedigree and the role of music throughout his life.

What goes around comes around My father was born in Chernigovshchina, the Ukrainian Region, giving me my Cossack origins. My grandfather, Fiodor Alexandrovich Rovensky, was a well-off nobleman. He was managing the factory, which produced matches and chic furniture. He was educated and all three of his daughters were given higher

education before the war. My grandfather played the violin, which helped my family survive in Soviet times. According to my aunt Oksana, foreseeing confiscation, my grandfather gave all his property to the Bolsheviks, keeping only his violin. He took a job at a school, as a music teacher, also teaching singing. In the next war, all three daughters went to the front but only my aunt Oksana survived. One was burnt in a plane while the third was burnt in a tank. My father wasn’t yet 18, but added a year to his age to be allowed to fight as a Cossack. His unit, under General Belov, reached Berlin and helped liberate Belarus. Cossack Rovensky met my mother there — a Belarusian from the Nagorny family. Since we’re talking about music, I’ll mention that, when my father returned after the war to find my mother again, he was a sergeant: an eligible bachelor with a

Wide soul Known far and wide, ‘Slepye’ was not just invited to play at weddings and festivals. It was booked for concert tours six months or more in advance, usually for weekends. I played a great deal with ‘Slepye’ later, moving to Minsk in 1966; I learnt so much from them. Accordionists were well respected in each village. Since fifth grade, I’d worked on a collective farm during the summer holidays, always taking my accordion. Sometimes, while the men were working, I’d play and the girls would sing. It was fun and helped us work harder. As we took the hay through the village, I’d sit on top of the cart, playing a polka. I had plenty of musical practice. At 12, I graduated as a baritone from wind school, at the Palace

Ivan Zhdanovich

sabre and an accordion (which I still have in my possession). He loved music — as my grandfather did. My parents married and my father then graduated from the school of police in Kaunas. He returned to work in the Kopyl District as a local police officer, then became an inspector. As a lieutenant in the police, he was killed in 1968. At the time, I was in the army. I was born in Kopyl on November 15th, 1947, and my mother was from the village of Rzhavka, near Bobovnya: these are the places of my childhood and youth. My interest in music began with the trophy accordion, which father sometimes played; he gave it to me when I was five and I picked up some melodies. My mother, Lina Anufrievna, also helped me. My own granddaughter, Lina, who performs in Dudariki, plays it now. Mother sang very beautifully, and I tried to play along. It’s best to study music as a child, of course. You won’t believe it, but I played at a party for the first time, with my friend Sashka, before I was school age. I was invited to more parties afterwards. Before I began school, I lived in the village of Rzhavka with my grandmother, Serafima; she waited her whole life for her husband to return from the war. She sang at weddings and festivals, accompanied by folk musicians, and danced wonderfully. She used to ask me to accompany her singing. I know that my grandfather, OnufryAmbrozhy, who was killed during the war, was a good drummer. My whole Belarusian family adored music: both my mother’s brothers, for example,werenotablefolkmusicians.Older people remember that almost all members of the Nagorny family played instruments, though they lacked formal musical education. My relatives even formed an orchestra. Those talented musicians from the village of Kazakovka in the Kopyl District were called ‘Slepye’ (Blind), as their leader, Vladimir Davidovich, was absolutely blind and almost without fingers: a shell had exploded in his hands. Of course, many children had been injured or killed during the war. However, he played the accordion brilliantly!

of Culture, in Kopyl, later joining the orchestra. Sometime in 1961, I played with my father and sister in ‘Kopyl Dudary’: a band known throughout Belarus. Playing alongside my father in this group is one of my most cherished memories. The film ‘Belarusian Tunes’ detailed our story.

We even had our music broadcast on the radio quite often. I learnt a great deal from Alexander Vikentsievich Yanushka and Alexey Fedotovich Kiyakin, who were military musicians. Thanks to them, I mastered the saxophone and trumpet. People’s Master Nikolay Astreiko played the pipes for the group. Of course, in creating my children’s group in Minsk, I called it ‘Dudariki’ in memory of those who helped me begin my journey onto the prestigious stages of Belarus. Of course, our pipes differ from Scottish bagpipes. Our traditions live on in the hearts of our countrymen, in my native Kopyl District. ‘Dudariki’ recently celebrated its 40th anniversary and we retain the same goals of teaching young people to love and enjoy music. Many have gone on to become professional musicians. We called out to the past, to the traditions of Belarusian piping, and a juicy echo responded in the present! Our repertoire includes over a hundred melodies, with children not only playing folk instruments but dancing and singing. We’re known far beyond Belarus, having toured and taken part in various competitions. We’ve given hundreds of concerts abroad and have won several prizes in France, the UK, Italy and Taiwan. In recent years, ‘Dudariki’ has even performed in South Korea, as well as Austria and Poland — always successfully. Mr. Rovensky moved to Minsk after graduation, aged 18, having been warned that he’d never achieve much in Kopyl. He worked as an accordionist at the District House of Culture and led a pop group. However, at a contest in Nesvizh, the head of the jury, composer Dmitry Lukas, strongly criticised the Kopyl musicians for their repertoire. Dmitry then understood that music should be

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Wide soul close to its origins and traditions, leading him back to folk music. With support from musician and conductor Vladimir Kiselev, Dmitry made his way in Minsk. Over the years, he worked at the Bearings Factory, initially at a bench. Later, he became an accordionist at a factory pioneer camp, teaching children to play the pipes. He then served in the army, going to Moscow, being given the honour of standing guard at Lenin’s mausoleum. After his national service, he taught music and singing at a Minsk school headed by his Kopyl District countryman Konstantin Antonovich Pisarik. He had been born in the village of Patseiki, where Dmitry had played at a wedding. They founded Dudariki in the academic year of 1970-71, with young Rovensky leading a brass band, playing at weddings in the Kopyl District, studying at a music school (named after Glinka) and, later, gaining his higher education at the Minsk Institute of Culture.

As you sow, so shall you reap...

I van

Z hdanovich

I once saw ‘Dudariki’ in full force at the National Library of Belarus. The children were bright-eyed and sweet-voiced, full of lively folk spirit. They performed their music, dancing and singing in traditional costume, with Dimych (as they all respectfully refer to their artistic director) alongside them. The night ended with them winning the contest: ‘Love for the Motherland through Love for the Family’. The e vent was o r g a n i s e d by t h e Family-Unity-Fatherland International Foundation, the Belarusian Union of Women and the magazine ‘Alesya’, inspired by the work of historian Anatoly Statkevich-Cheboganov, who has written several volumes of ‘I’m Your Son...’ within the series ‘Annals of the Belarusian Gentry’. The audience was delighted, as Dudariki

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performs well live. Their many years of work pay tribute to the legacy of our creativity and traditions as a nation. Their music respects the past and looks to the future. Mr. Rovensky was keen to take part in the celebration when he learnt that Lyudmila Shchaslivenka had been a former winner of the contest. From Novosibirsk, she worked at the Belarusian Cultural and Educational Centre named after St. Yevfrosiniya of Polotsk. Dmitry has enjoyed fruitful collaboration with Lyudmila and the Centre’s director — her husband, Alexander Lagutenko. Dmitry tells us, “I take my talented students each year to Novosibirsk. Over Christmas this year, young accordionist Anton Lukashevich, aged 11, gave a number of concerts locally, at the International Music Contest named after Ivan Malanin. I’m proud that I’ve been several times invited to chair the jury of Malanin’s Folk Festival, which is one of the most significant in Russia.” The most recent Novosibirsk tour was very successful, as Dimych and Anton gained the Grand Prix in the nomination ‘Teacher and Student — Creative Self-Expression’. They surprised everyone by playing their instruments in absurd positions: underfoot, under their heads and, even, behind their backs.

Anton also took second place in the solo programme and Dmitry Rovensky was given the honorary title of ‘People’s Accordionist of Russia’ for his long service to promoting accordion music and teaching young musicians. Many of his protégés have gone on to take part in prestigious competitions in Belarus and Russia. Keen to know how the youngsters in Dudariki view their leader, I met them at Minsk gymnasium #14’s special museum of folk life and musical instruments — created by Mr. Rovensky, his wife and the teachers and students. Ksenia Yeliseeva: ‘I’ve been a member of Dudariki since I was 8 years old, learning musical skills and performing — which I love. Our group is quite large, including 40 people from various classes. There are even girls from the 11th grade. We’re all very friendly with one another. We have a Dudariki blog online and a preparatory group of about 50 children who are learning instruments. They performed recently and it was truly beautiful! We applauded a great deal and were happy, as we can see so much progress.’ Anton Lukashevich: ‘Music helps us to find new friends, to travel and to show our talents... Dudariki is like a big friendly family. We perform in Belarus and abroad; last year, we were in Austria and Poland. We gained so many wonderful memories! I was impressed with the City Festival in Austria; we performed at its opening, near Vienna. We were welcomed nicely and there were so many performances: concerts were held almost every day.’ Ksenia Yeliseeva: ‘In Poland, we stayed near Gdansk, hosted by Maryan — a friend of the father of one of our members. We c amp e d o u t an d performed often, including at the Dozhinki Folk Festival, in August. In Poland, people understand Belarusian. Many were surprised that we play actual saws — as used on the railways and to cut timber.’

Wide soul Victoria Malyavko: ‘I’ve been playing the pipe in the group for two years, learning from scratch. At first, it was difficult: we learnt to ‘hold the press’ and mastered our playing techniques. I was nervous about being on stage, as audiences will certainly notice if you make a mistake. However, I overcame my fear and now really enjoy being in the group. We also dance, and master stage movement. Dudariki includes various teachers, for singing, as well as playing the cembalo, violin and pipes. Dimych teaches those who want to play the accordion. He jokes, “The audience will be gnawing their chairs.” However, he’s full of praise for their hard work, rarely having to reprimand them for

Minsk City Contest ‘Family of the Year’ and first prize at a national competition last year. Often, past members of Dudariki take up a career relating to music. Dimych’s granddaughter, Lolita, is studying at the Music College now, playing the cymbals. Nastya Zubovich: ‘All Dudariki members are interesting. Wonderfully, you can play or sing for birthdays and at parties. My grandmother always makes requests of me when I visit her or when she comes to us. She lives in the village of Lithuania in the Stolbtsy District. In the group, I play the pipe and percussion instruments, but I play the accordion for her. She loves to hear me sing.’

Many years of Dudariki's work pay tribute to the legacy of our creativity and traditions as a nation. Their music respects the past and looks to the future. slacking. Music rehearsals are held twice weekly, as are choir rehearsals. All those in the group learn the accordion or pipe, violin or dulcimer, as well as songs and dances. Membership is open to all with the caveat that you must be ready to work hard, as well as have fun and make friends. Newcomers tend to love the group. Past performances are also watched regularly. Among the most recent concerts was that marking the 40th anniversary of Dudariki — now an honoured amateur orchestra of Belarus. Every year, at the initiative of Dimych, the ‘Accordionist Gathers Friends’ Festival is held at the MAZ Palace of Culture, gathering talented musicians from various countries — although most are from Russia, Ukraine and Belarus. When members become too old to stay in the group, they have the chance to join another led by Mr. Rovensky: Minsk Musicians. The Rovensky Family Ensemble also perform every now and then. They won the Grand Prix at the

Lina Rovenskaya, granddaughter of Dmitry Dmitrievich: ‘We’re trying to create a Dudariki website, uploading songs and giving our news, but we haven’t managed it yet. We’re looking for sponsors! The site would contain information about the history of our musical family: about Dudariki and Minsk Musicians, as well as the Rovensky Family Ensemble (which is also called Inflorescence). We’d also give information on our talented musicians. It’s a big project and we never really have enough time: I have my final exams this year. I’d like to enter the BSU’s Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences. Incidentally, members of Dudariki don’t receive musical diplomas and not all study music formally. However, we can be good amateurs! I’m among the oldest of Dmitry Dmitrievich’s grandchildren. His wife, Lidia Yevgenievna, children and grandchildren play in the family ensemble, as do I. At the Family of the Year contest, we had 13 representatives of the Rovensky family on stage.’

Thank you, Dmitry Dmitrievich!

Having heard so many views on Dimych, I’ll try to present them as a beautiful chorus or orchestra. ‘This man means so much in my life. Thanks to him, I have a great many friends and have experienced interesting trips across Belarus and abroad. He is kind and teaches us to play various instruments. I play the accordion.’ ‘My grandfather is the best: he is like a father to me, as well as like a grandfather and teacher. I’m so proud of him. He has golden hands, able not only to repair, for example, accordions, of which he has a great collection, but to make other interesting instruments. In summer, I watched him make a pipe over 2m in length from a huge piece of alder. He says that his pipe is the longest in Belarus. In Moldova, such an instrument is called a trembita. The process is very complicated and took over three months. In the summer, at our cottage, I saw him working on it the whole day and felt quite sorry for him!’ ‘Dimych is a very kind person. Our band is like a family, and he is our dad. Thanks to him, we know how to live as a big group in harmony, concord and peace. Even if he’s angry, he manages to joke, as if playing with us, so our feelings aren’t hurt. He makes us want to do better. Thanks to him, we can play so many instruments; he shows us and we do everything. I’d probably be sitting sadly at home without Dudariki.’ ‘He’s a talented man, who has taught us to play various instruments. He is in love with music, which is his main occupation. I’m very grateful to him for teaching me about life!’ In time, I think a detailed book will be written about Dudariki and its fatherfounder. I hope there will be place for this article, in which so many names are mentioned, as well as facts from the biography of Dmitry Rovensky. Probably, the main theme of the book will be not Dimych himself, and not the three creative groups created by him, but the majesty of music. By Ivan Zhdanovich

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names

Lev Vygotsky is much revered by those interested in psychology, pedagogics and art. His colleagues called him a Mozart of psychology, ranking him alongside Sigmund Freud and William James. The founder of the study of artificial intelligence lived in Gomel from the age of 1, which shaped his scientific personality.

Mozart

n November 17th, 1896, Lev was the second child born to theVygodsky family, in Orsha. Interestingly, he changed the ‘d’ to a ‘t’ in adulthood, inspired by a desire to emphasise that his family never sought out advantages [‘Vygodsky’ is based on ‘vygoda’ which means ‘benefit’ in Russian — editor]. The family moved to Gomel just before his first birthday, settling inGinzburg’s house (where they rented a flat) in the centre of Gomel. It now houses the regional philharmonic orchestra. I learnt about Vygotsky around five years ago, at Gomel’s FrantsiskSkorina State University. It was hosting a scientific-practical conference devoted to Lev’s works. Those present were proud to note that he was their countryman, living and working in Gomel — although he is mentioned as a Soviet scientist in encyclopaedia. Some time later, I met Anatoly Kuzmich (now dead) who prepared the

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of psychology first exposition devoted to the scientist at Gomel’s Vygotsky Pedagogical College; the educational establishment was named after the brilliant scientist back in 1996. He happily shared his finds with me, saying, “We have theatrical posters from those times, as well as invitation cards to hear Vygotsky’s report and a report on the decision to establish a laboratory at our Pedagogical School — now known as a college.”

Coming to see the exhibition, I hear of two British tourists who were very surprised to see Mr. Vygotsky’s portrait and to learn that he worked at Gomel’s College. His early life saw him graduate from the Ratner Men’s Gymnasium, with honours, gaining entry to Moscow University’s Medical Department. However, he switched to law within a single month and his passion for philosophy and literature later guided him to the Shanyavsky People’s University in Moscow (known for its strong lecturing approach). It employed such legends as Timiryazev, Vernadsky, Chebyshev, Zelinsky, Blonsky and Gotie. In this way, Vygotsky began to study psychology... Like others students in need of money, he combined his studies with a job at a small magazine, working as t e c h n i c a l s e c r e t a r y. This inspired him to review new books and to write his critique o n S h a k e s p e a r e ’s Hamlet. Later, famous

names Soviet Shakespeare expert Professor Anikst wrote: ‘I’ve been studying Shakespeare for the pastsixty years but, on readingVygotsky’s work on Hamlet, I’ve realised that this 19 year old man is a genius’.

Open page Lev returned to Gomel in the revolutionary year of 1917, welcomed by his large family. Some of his relatives were suffering from tuberculosis, requiring

on reflexology in Petrograd (now St. Petersburg), due to the absence of the original speaker. His report so impressed everyone that an invitation to Moscow was forthcoming. There, his evening lectures attracted the city’s most eminent minds; peopleeven leant through windows to listen. By the age of 37, Vygotsky had written around 200 scientific works but, in the summer of 1934, died from tuberculosis. His works were banned

Natalia Dudal, a senior lecturer at Gomel’s Frantsisk Skorina State University Psychology Department

his support, so he remained in the city for seven years. He initially taught private lessons to earn a living but, within two years, was offered a place lecturing in Russian language and literature at Gomel’s Soviet Labour School. He also worked at some professional technical schools and at the People’s Conservatory, teaching diverse courses. In 1922, Vygotsky accepted an offer to lecture in psychology at the Pedagogical College where, the following year, he set upan experimental psychology room, conducting research, which he wrote up through various papers. In 1924, he was invited to speak at a scientific-practical conference

for decades, although Western scientists studied them. Russia and Belarus allowed them to reappear in the 1990s, with his theories on child psychology enjoying tremendous popularity. Natalia Dudal, a senior lecturer at Gomel’s Frantsisk Skorina State University Psychology Department, offers me a cup of tea while taking down a heavy file. I’m expecting to hear something sensational and Ms. Dudal confirms, “We have made some new discoveries but I’ll explain in stages. Our department has a history of studying Lev Vygotsky; we hold conferences on his works and organiseannual seminars. Moreover, we keep in touchwith Lev’s relatives: his daughter

Gita when she was alive and, now, his granddaughter, Yelena Kravtsova. She heads the Vygotsky Institute of Psychology in Moscow. Two years ago, we launched a student project to collect materials connected with Vygotsky’s life in Gomel. The regional archives and Gomel’s Palace-and-Park Estatewere able to assist us greatly.” Over two years, teachers and students discovered over 70 documents.Ms.Dudal recollects with a smile the enthusiasm that the project aroused. Those involved clung to any sheet bearing Vygotsky’s signature or family name. They scanned and p h o t o g r ap h e d d o c u m e nt s a n d , sometimes, re-wrote papers by hand — as it was impossible to restore them. Only a handfulare completely new but among them are reports by Vygotsky on how to test for psychological characteristics, with a view to offering career advice to students. “These studies retain relevance today, although the report requires further work,” admits Ms. Dudal. Other rare finds include an application form for employment, in which Lev notes his job as head of a theatrical studio. Ms. Dudal indicates the date, telling me, “Certificates were extended each month, as was natural in those years: nobody knew whether tomorrow would come. We’ve sent a copy to Moscow’s Vygotsky Institute of Psychology, which plans to re-publish a collection of his works. The first volume will be devoted to Lev’s theatrical activity — part of his ‘Gomel’ biography. Vygotsky travelled to Moscow, Kiev, Saratov and Petrograd, inviting famous theatrical troupes to perform in Gomel. Our city was a notable venue, viewed as one of the most theatrical in Soviet Russia.” No doubt, t he Psycholog y Department will continue its work on those years, as teachers and students alike are eager to discover more about Vygotsky’s time in Gomel, creating a legacy for their native city. By Inga Popova

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art personality

Victor Gromyko’s

roads

rtists of all ages admire him. In fact, Mr. Gromyko has helped shape a great number on their artistic path, having taught art for many years. He has always been happy to offer advice and share his rich personal experience. At the age of 90, he is still delighting audiences with his works and giving us food for thought with his outspoken opinions on the role of artists in society. Nevertheless, he is modest in all respects, spending each day in his workshop, devoting time to his true love. Now, his memoir may soon be republished.

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The recent exhibition by People’s Artist of Belarus Victor Gromyko marked his 90th birthday, showing that we are never too old to pursue our passions. The master remains devoted to his calling, creating wonderful paintings each day in his studio. He proves the simple truth that art is a vocation rather than a profession. The President of Belarus, Alexander Lukashenko, congratulated the master on his 90th birthday, wishing him health, success, optimism and vivacity.

An extract from Victor Gromyko’s 'Rainbow over the Road': …The spring of 1941 was late, as if trying to delay the arrival of that fatal summer. It’s said that birds see the future. Perhaps they have a certain instinct. Certainly, something drove the birds to mate and nest quickly before the catastrophe, making the most of the time allotted. They surely knew what lay ahead, when the white snow of insistent winter appeared briefly on grey hills, when the passionate songs of nightingales sounded loudly against the grey sky and the cuckoos’ magic voices awoke over white-and-black forests. They seemed to calculate the span of life. There is a proverb which tells us: ‘If a cuckoo sings

personality

art

At the anniversary exhibition of the People's Artist of Belarus Victor Gromyko

to climb over three or four fir tree trunks tangled in the overgrowth of bushes and underwood… …A day passed and we had a spell of breathing more easily. We barely took notice of the shell attacks and strict regularity of the repeated barrages. All those who remained alive after the last operation must have returned to their places. Everything was as it had been: German troops were sitting in their camps, mud huts and trenches, while we took refuge in small hiding places in our damaged — yet living — archipelago. Those were calm, pleasant days of enjoying the sun, drying our clothes and moving from one

Artur Prupas

on a bare tree, then grief will come’. Troop trains loaded with wheat travelled towards Germany, yet the newspapers said nothing of our soldiers being relocated close to the western border. They assured us of the indissolubility of the Soviet-German treaty while ordinary folk mistrusted our friendship with Fascist Germany... …German motorcycles rattled into the village one morning — just as I was preparing to leave. A drunken captain lumbered into the house, swinging a parabellum gun before my face. He was crying and delirious but I could catch some of his phrases: that I was a Komsomol member and that he was ready to shoot me immediately. He then took me to the barn, continuing his threats and cries. However, he asked no questions and I remained silent. In the barn, he pushed his pistol into my face and pointed at the dark corners. There, several days ago, I had hidden a three-volume book by Marx behind a lower beam, in the hay. Its seal and front inscription indicated that it had been a school award for perfect studies, exemplary conduct and extensive public work... ...Rockets flew up one after another and we began to notice how the north-eastern part of the sky became lighter after the German observers calmed down, on the opposite side of the road. The night passed quickly, as did our chances of breaking the blockade. To escape the ‘mousetrap’ would be a challenge but we decided to forsake the main road and narrow-gauge railway line, choosing to push through the wood. There, it was impossible for partisans to break through, so there had been no need to locate firing points. We moved slowly closer to the road, creeping from one hiding place to the next, formed from trees laying in different directions. In some places, we had

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Belta

art personality

hiding place to another. We made bonfires day and night, individual spiritual ideals. He has a strong sense of responwithout adverse results. German aviation rarely troubled us sibility, while being known as a master of historical-heroic so we became bold enough to gather at a larger safe haven, works and monumental epic landscapes, as well as more drinking tea made from berries and raspberry leaves. We intimate psychological portraits. discussed what to do next Mr. Gromyko was born but agreed on nothing. In on January 2nd, 1923, in fact, we could hardly know the Mogilev Region. Ninety what would happen next; years later, on January 3rd, we had no data on how 2013, Minsk’s National Art many of our soldiers had Museum honoured him survived and whether we as a master of pictorial had armaments for even a painting. His jubilee exhiminor fight. How then could bition — Seeing the Entire we plan our next move?... World — united over 60 ‘They held out!’ is a phrase works old and new, dating often used to describe such from the past seventy years, people as Mr. Gromyko — a delighting fans. member of the generation At t h e a ge of 9 0 , tested by war. He not only Mr. Gromyko remains full experienced the troubles of artistic strength, devoting of those severe years but all his spare time to painting. helped liberate his native He could hardly imagine land from the Fascists. In his life without brushes and 1941, he was a member of canvas. In the war years, he To the Glorious Reconnoitres of my Regiment painted his colleagues in the conspiracy in Orsha, later becoming a reconnoitre, a machine gunner and, even, arms (between skirmishes); afterwards, he taught several a unit commissar in a special regiment. Victor edited the generations of young artists. He views teaching as a true Narodnye Mstiteli (Law and Order Avengers) newspaper. challenge, noting at the opening of his show, “Teaching is Clearly, he exhibited determination, bravery and human one of the most difficult professions. To teach art is twice dignity, while the war uncovered his passion for life, which as hard again. Apart from anything else, you need to teach later found expression in his rich artistic legacy. Victor’s people about life and to generate devotion to the vocation. canvases explore the meaning of life and the importance of This is vital; only then can success come.”

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art

Artur Prupas

personality

The exhibition at the country’s main museum does not feature all of his works, since many are held in foreign museums, galleries and private collections. However, it does include some of the most vivid conceptual works: Soldiers, 1941; Over the Pripyat; Devoted to the Women of the Great Patriotic War; and Apples of the Crop of 1941. They embody the painter’s philosophical, moral and aesthetic ideals, showing his heartfelt adoration for his homeland and its unique beauty, which is bound up with his memories of people’s achievements. He tends to paint high horizons — ‘to see the whole world’, with its endless hills. He gives us a bird’s eye view, rich in colour — even over-bright. This palette combines with emotional depth, creating greatly dramatic works. Mr. Gromyko’s faultless realism is also convincing in his portraits — which he began drawing as a student: 'Old Man', 'Grandmother' and 'Belarusians' are among the best known. Many are classics of Belarusian post-war art. Vasil Bykov’s portrait occupies a special place, joined by expressive images of the artist’s father, Yanka Bryl and Yevgeny Chemodurov. In recent years, Mr. Gromyko has been drawn even more passionately towards portraiture, including a dramatic, large sized portrait of our national writer. Mr. Gromyko’s landscapes of recent years have obvious emotional intensity, expressed through colour and bold images. His 'Rainbow over the Church' offers eloquent confirmation while his Japanese themed 'Indestructible Hieroglyph of the Pacific Ocean Coast' reveals a new angle to his creativity, exploring the features of other lands. He took this further in vibrant cycles looking at Kazakhstan and Hungary. Self-knowledge is also clearly important to him in this huge, largely incomprehensible,

divinely wonderful world. We see his sense of being tied to his nation’s destiny; it shapes his spiritual maturity and his artistic path. Mr. Gromyko’s extraordinary eventful childhood and war-time youth — full of courage and bravery found expression not only in his artworks but in his threeedition autobiography: Rainbow over the Road. As well as his younger years, we see the Great Victory authentically described, tales of Minsk’s restoration and the foundation of the capital’s Art School (later known as the Belarusian State Theatre and Art Institute). He detailed the launch of the National Art Museum, the Union of Artists of Belarus and the Art Fund in 'The Sun Behind Clouds' and in 'Light and Shadows of the Outgoing Century' looks at the creation of Belarus’ largest memorials, using words precisely yet with the same creative imagery known from his canvases. He sketches figures of art and culture for us in words — Valentin Volkov, Ivan Akhremchik and Vitaly Tsvirko, as well as a very fond literary portrait of Yelena Aladova (among the first to head the National Art Museum). Young Victor Gromyko dreamt of seeing the entire world, which surely inspired the title of his recent exhibition. He is a realist and a romantic, having guided several generations of artists, with whom he shared his most intimate thoughts. His ‘People’s Artist’ title and dozens of diplomas are evidence of public recognition but his efforts have never aimed at the gaining of approval. Having completed the last in his autobiographical trilogy recently, he is now keen to see the editions published widely, perhaps shaping more generations to come with his wise words. By Victor Mikhailov

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cultural context

All in good time National Library of Belarus negotiates acquisition of two rare editions

“W

e’re now negotiating the purchase of two very valuable editions from the legacy of Belarusian book culture. They’re estimated to be worth dozens or, even, hundreds of thousands of US Dollars, but we hope that talks will be successful,” notes Roman Motulsky, Director of the National Library. Until the deal is struck, he is reluctant to share details, noting that this ‘usually harms negotiations rather than bringing anything good’. He stresses that 2012 — the Year of the Book — was very fruitful for the National Library, which purchased over 150 rare and valuable editions. “One of the most valuable is a book by Belarusian Kazimir Semenovich, entitled 'The Great Art of Artillery'; the first edition was published in Amsterdam around 1650-1651. He laid the foundations of contemporary rocket science, inspired by Napoleon and Peter I, Korolev and Tsiolkovsky. This rare edition shows that, even many centuries ago, our country’s scientific knowledge was welldeveloped,” he emphasises. Mr. Motulsky tells us that the library’s mission is to collect and preserve the country’s literary legacy. “It’s no easy task, as many valuable Belarusian books have been removed beyond our borders and it’s difficult to re a c qu i re t he m . However, we hope that we’ll be able to return more rarities in 2013,” he asserts.

беларусь.belarus 2013

Search leads to Bavaria Mir Castle Complex Museum features unique collection once owned by Radziwills

ortraits and decorative art treasures once belonging to the 19th century owners of Mir Castle have been discovered after much intensive research. The pieces were among those owned by Princess Stephanie Radziwill, daughter of Prince Dominik: the last direct descendant of the Nesvizh branch of the family in the male line. The items passed to Stephanie’s son, Piotr Wittgenstein, and then to his sister, Princess Mar ie Hohen loheSchillingsfürst — who married the German Chancellor. Candidate of historical sciences Olga Popko, the Director of the museum at Mir Castle, travelled to Bavaria, with help from the Ministry of Culture, in November, to visit Schillingsfürst Palace. There, Prince Konstantin Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst agreed to show his collection and about 30 portraits of Radziwill

Princes were discovered, rather than the original six expected. Not all are being exhibited at Mir Castle but the collection does feature many previously unknown portraits: of Prince Karol Stanislaw Radziwill Panie Kochanku; of Prince Dominik; and of his m o t h e r, P r i n c e s s Sophia. The rarest find has been several portraits of Princess St e p h a n i e , w h o s e appearance was previously a mystery. Work is now underway to decide where each portrait originally hung, since many palaces and castles were owned by the Radziwills. Mir Castle’s management is now negotiating with Prince Ho h e n l o h e - S c h i l l i n g s f ü r s t re g ard i ng an of f i c i a l v is it ; according to historians, the collection is hugely significant, revealing aspects of history previously ambiguous. The new portraits will be carefully studied and are to form the basis of an enriched exhibition in the Radziwill Princes Hall and in the Wittgenstein Princes Hall of Mir Castle.

cultural context

Honorary status Cultural capital moves to Mogilev from Nesvizh

ntil late in the evening, Nesvizh’s residents and guests listened to modern and ancient melodies performed by the Presidential Orchestra, the State Chamber Orchestra and folk groups. The final events in the town included exhibitions by famous painters and photographers, with Nesvizh then wistfully passing its title of Belarus’ cultural capital to Mogilev for the coming year. The latter has also recently been named CIS’ cultural capital. Culture Minister Boris Svetlov attended the concert, noting that, in 2012, almost fifty projects involving museums, theatres and music have been realised in Nesvizh, drawing tourists from far and wide. “Among the brightest were the Muses of Nesvizh Festival of Arts, concerts featuring Yuri Bashmet Festival participants, the Vladimir Spivakov Invites Festival, the Evenings of the Bolshoi Theatre at the

Virtual excursion without leaving home

Radziwills’ Castle Forum of Operatic and Ballet Art, and the Theatre of Ursula Radziwill Art Festival,” he recalled. Other amazing events have included exhibitions showing items from London’s Victoria and Albert Museum, from Vilnius’ National Museum — The Palace of Grand Duchy of Lithuania Rulers, and from the National Art Museum. This year also marked the 450th anniversary of Symon Budny’s book being published in Nesvizh: the first Belarusian language edition on the territory of modern Belarus. Of course, the grandest event was the opening of restored Nesvizh Castle, which was visited by over 500,000 people. The town’s historical centre is now on the UNESCO World Heritage List — promoting Nesvizh worldwide.

Mogilev also has many attractions worth admiration, i n c lu d i n g it s Mighty God and Golden Hit festivals, which are known abroad. Its City History Museum recently gained a rare book entitled Prominent Art of Artillery, by our countryman, Kazimir Semenovich — an early inventor of rocket science who lived three centuries ago.

Mogilev gains its own logo. Having been declared the cultural capital of Belarus and the CIS for 2013, Mogilev recently conducted an open competition to design a logo for the city, explains Irina Zhabarova, Deputy Head of the Cultural Department of the Mogilev City Executive Committee. She explains, “A watercolour entry by Mogilev resident Yekaterina Tabanyukhina was chosen, depicting the town hall against the rising sun. It indicates our desire to promote cultural development.” The logo has already been placed on the websites of the Mogilev City and Regional Executive Committees and appears periodically on the city’s main public screen. It will feature on billboards and printed materials throughout 2013 and may even be retained beyond this year.

Interactive archives from Maxim Bogdanovich Museum

he interactive virtual museum allows fans of the great poet to explore artefacts from the Maxim Bogdanovich HouseMuseum, as well as those kept in Lithuania and Latvia (at the Latgale Culture and History Museum and Kėdainiai Area Museum). The initiative is part of the Virtual Past — Formula for Success for Museums’ Future project, which aims to broaden public access to museum archives within the next two years.

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Theatre The name of Alexander Kostyuchenko — chief artist of the National Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre — is familiar to all in the theatrical world — especially set designers. A pupil of People’s Artist of Belarus Yevgeny Chemodurov, he now teaches new directors at the Academy of Arts, showing them how to make use of the stage and the latest technological opportunities, as well as how to gain the best from actors. Of course, he has much to tell us.

Ivan Zhdanovich

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t’s a delight to hear his childlike optimism and inspiration. Truly, there i s mu ch to a d m i re i n Mr. Kostyuchenko, who recently celebrated his 55th birthday. He praises his team highly, saying, “I have a super model maker! All other theatrical set designers envy me.” He refers to Mikhail Logachev, whose tiny chairs in Venetian style are being painted. In the centre of the chief artist’s studio is a magical construction exactly reproducing the stage to 1:20 scale. You can see all the technical gadgets present in the Bolshoi Theatre. Each performance is reproduced here beforehand. It’s easy to imagine the Chief Director of the Bolshoi Theatre, Mikhail Pandzhavidze, joining Mr. Kostyuchenko, bustling round the model set, later joined by the rest of the artistic council, headed by Vladimir Gridyushko. Models have been approved for Giuseppe Verdi’s 'Nabucco', Giacomo Puccini’s 'Tosca', the new version of Verdi’s 'Aida' and Dmitry Smolsky’s 'Grey Legend'. In Mr. Kostyuchenko’s cabinet, there’s a diploma for his Frantsisk Skorina award. He has a long history of creating sets for

Theatre the Bolshoi Theatre and even helped it win the special Presidential prize ‘For Spiritual Revival’ — for the "Grey Legend". On the day I arrive, there’s a tiny figurine of a ballet dancer in the mock up

fragile glass, rather than plastic, the figure appears especially lifelike. “There won’t be any pompous celebrations at the theatre for my birthday,” admits Mr. Kostyuchenko. “We’ll just

model set. It makes me think of how small we can feel in the great world around us but Mr. Kostyuchenko just smiles and tells me that the figure is part of the "Seven Beauties" ballet, being staged next season — after the summer vacation. Made from

shake hands with each other and get down to work.” There’s no need to celebrate overly, as my retirement is still some way off. “I’m still young!” he adds. Alexander, whom I’ve long known, is certainly young at heart, regardless of

Feel for space…

his wrinkles. In fact, these simply add to his character, as is common for men of talent. Mr. Kostyuchenko is easy going and cheerful, dynamic and vigorous, retaining a passion for his profession. How can he become bored when each theatre set is a unique work of art? His lifetime’s work for various theatres across Belarus speaks for itself. Where does your inspiration come from….and how much are you guided by the director? As a rule, I offer the stage director my own ideas, which come from reading the play. Of course, some compromise is needed, since the success of the performance depends on the director. We discuss our ideas, speaking openly. It’s vital for me to understand the essence of the stage director’s vision, which should find reflection in the sets. We need to coincide in our views, which isn’t always easy. Some directors are able to describe their vision more clearly than others, requiring me to listen carefully. I now have plenty of experience in liaising with stage directors, so

Ballet model of the Tristan and Isolde

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Theatre can adjust myself to their style. I do this successfully, so all is well. Does the set designer help the stage director to understand the ideas behind a performance and vice versa? It’s a mutual process. I enjoy coauthoring a performance and enjoy sharing my ideas, which crowd my head. I give my all and receive that which is my due. Sometimes, a single word from the stage director can clarify everything for me. We work to achieve the same goal. However, directors differ widely in their personalities, despite sharing a common love for words and the theatre. There’s no rivalry between us. Rather, we need to combine our talents to create wonderful solutions. What role does music play? Music moves along the action and fills empty moments on stage. It’s as important

in my profession. Boris Lutsenko was the theatre’s artistic leader and a prominent stage director; we worked together for five years and I gradually gained my wings. I helped make sets for Hauptmann’s ‘Before Sunset’, Brecht’s ‘Threepenny Opera’, Yerenkov’s ‘Angelo and Others’, Gogol’s ‘Bridegrooms’, Dostoevsky’s ‘Uncle’s Dream’, Gorky’s ‘Vassa’, Shakespeare’s ‘Taming of the Shrew’ and Bulgakov’s ‘Run’. How did you find your way to the Bolshoi? I worked there at various times, first in 1994, as prop master. Having a degree in set design, they were surprised at me taking such employment. I then became a sculptor and even headed the stage department for four years. I’m well aware of various aspects of theatre production and

Yevgeny Chemodurov; we stayed friends until he died. My colleague Nikolay Kuzmich introduced me to Lutsenko, which took me away from the Opera and Ballet Theatre for eight years. Were you pleased to return in 2009? Extremely. Five years had passed since I was employed as chief artist. I’m now 55 and have spent five years with this theatre. These are my lucky fives… I think that this theatre is like love and fortune for me. The first art school at which I studied, in the 1970s, was located on the fourth floor of the Opera Theatre. Of course, I absorbed something of the atmosphere, which certainly influenced me. After my national service, I went to art college, where I met my future wife; she was 17 and I was 21. We once went to see ‘Swan Lake’ and something incredible happened to me: I suddenly realised that

Details for the future play model set of the Seven Beauties

as any other element. My task is to absorb this music and to inject its energy into the sets, so that they come alive. Do you have a musical education? No, but my ears were awoken on hearing a particular piece of music. It touched my soul. At one Christmas concert rehearsal, a countertenor’s voice filled me with an inner shiver of delight. Opera is fascinating in its ability to awaken audiences. Colour, light and acting enhance the singing and music… Do you understand opera? I understand and admire it. Opera is a great art, arousing deep feelings of happiness, as good ballet does. Did you acquire your set design experience at the Russian Theatre? While working as chief artist at the Russian Theatre, I gained a foothold

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also took a degree at the Academy of Public Administration, under the aegis of the President of Belarus. So, I’m on friendly terms with the management and the economic side of the theatre. I became bored of heading the department, although I managed to prepare Zaletnev’s ‘Whirl’ [Krugovert] ballet without interrupting my work in the set department. I had enough energy and creativity to cope. Even before I started my career at the Bolshoi Theatre, immediately after graduation from the Academy of Arts, I worked as props master and production manager at the Musical Comedy Theatre. Of course, there have been times when I’ve been tempted to tread the boards myself. I was a pupil of a wonderful set designer, People’s Artist of Belarus

my heart was in the theatre. I remember saying to Natasha: ‘I want to work here!’ You’ve designed sets for many opera and ballet performances. Which gives you most pleasure? It’s really not important whether it’s an opera, ballet or dramatic performance. What’s vital is finding solutions, with the director and set designer fulfilling their duties. I sketch out my ideas, then make a model in cardboard, looking at suitable materials to suit the performance: plastics, metal or timber. I also work with fabrics, perhaps because of my past experience. Operatic sets have requirements regarding surfaces being reflective, rather than absorbing sound, while ballet sets best use soft, light materials, which are easily transformed. Opera requires more solidity.

Theatre

For a traditional dramatic performance, the sky is the limit. Did you ever have to change the set after approval had been given for a model? Budgets tend to be tight so, once a model has been approved, that’s that. I have no right to overrule or make changes. I also have to ensure that each

One of the tiers for the operatic model set of the Grey Legend

Ivan Zhdanovich

The place, where the beauty is created

member of the artistic council understands how the set will work on stage. You have to understand the space of the stage and be able to view the model in those terms. How do you gain this understanding? Without it you are doomed to fail. Stages are tricky. I begin by familiarising myself with the stage, standing for 15-20 minutes facing the auditorium. I also need to ‘feel’ the space of the hall. When we were staging ‘Tosca’, in Ufa, with Pandzhavidze, I stood on stage for some time without gaining a sense of anything. It took a while for me to capture the atmosphere of the space; something eventually clicked inside me. Of course, as a set builder, I need to understand construction and plans, while using my initiative to invent solutions. Do you sometimes find that sets or props fail to fulfil their function? It’s more common that we run out of time to make a particular prop. If actors can continue without these items, they probably aren’t needed anyway! Of course, the stage director often changes his mind about things during rehearsal, so I tend to be cunning, keeping something in reserve

for the time when he may need it. If I can see that some items are definitely needed, I’ll get them made. Are sets able to communicate more effectively than actors? It can be the case; actors vary, as do sets. However, we shouldn’t be divisive. The success of opera and ballet is the result of joint efforts by actors, stage directors and set designers. When we were students at the department of theatrical artists, my teacher, Yevgeny Chemodurov, told us that we were all equal, which I’ve well-remembered. All elements of a performance need to be in harmony, working towards a common goal. We help the actors by setting the scene, helping the audience to believe what they’re seeing; it’s vital that audiences enjoy the theatre experience and return. Some sets are so minimal that it seems hardly any effort has been involved, although they can have great impact nonetheless. Where sets are effective, they’ve been well thought out. Simplicity can be just as expressive as intricate decoration. In fact, less can be more, since an overcrowded stage can be distracting for actors and those watching. There’s no need to squeeze in everything you are capable of producing! The audience doesn’t need to be surprised at every turn. Sets are there to support the performance. Does the set designer also control the lighting? Lighting is significant and the appearance of new equipment has considerably expanded our opportunities. We all work together to the same end. Well chosen lighting can even replace sets. Do you prefer traditional set making methods or do innovations inspire you? It’s difficult to separate the two, but I do prefer tested methods. We have two devices to raise or lower sets, and a rotating circle, as well as video projection equipment. All these new technologies give us more choice, but

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Theatre

That’s how the operatic model set of the Barber of Seville looked like

must be used in moderation, just like spices in a recipe. Do you have much input regarding costumes? I work wit h s e vera l costume d e s i g ne rs and s ome t i me s m a ke them myself. It’s best to work in cooperation. I like it when a costume designer listens to me but can take the initiative and discuss ideas. Eleonora Grigoruk is clever and has interesting ideas; in presenting her vision, she tries to understand mine. I also enjoy working with Nina Gurlo and with Alena Igrusha. It takes a great deal of time to make costumes. In fact, costume designers need to be good psychologists, communicating well with actors, who need to be happy with what they’re wearing. Do you have a good relationship with your crew at the Bolshoi Theatre, now you are chief artist? I do, treating the team as my own and listening to their advice. I enjoy discussing ideas with them and,

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“I understand and admire it. Opera is a dreat art, arousing deep feelings of happiness, as good ballet does.” certainly, they can sway my opinions or make me realise that we need a different approach. I emphasise to them that we are working side by side. It’s not my performance but ours. Usually, I feel comfortable wherever I work. Have you found it easy to work closely with Pandzhavidze? I’d already staged ‘Cinderella’ at the theatre when he arrived, and we jointly

staged ‘Nabucco’, using some new equipment on stage. The leadership of the theatre requested that we show off our technical abilities and use projection. It wasn’t an easy task making the movement of the mechanisms coincide with the music. However, we’ve achieved it! I spent many nights with Pandzhavidze, the machine operator and other assistants. He’s a bright and interesting stage director. Since then, we’ve staged ‘Tosca’ and ‘The Barber of Seville’ together. When Pandzhavidze heard that I’d studied under Yevgeny Chemo durov, he was delig hted. Chemodurov’s sets were created in 1953 in Bucharest for ‘Aida’, staged in Kazan; the performance also toured worldwide. It was probably the first time Soviet set design had been seen abroad. I worked with Pandzhavidze on a new set for ‘Aida’ but we paid tribute to the memory of the great Chemodurov. The many sets he created in his 18 years at our theatre have become timeless

Theatre some time before retirement, so I think I’ll be able to achieve more. Who designs your home? My wife. I’m very happy with my family life. I have two sons: the elder, Konstantin, is a sculptor while Alexander is studying at the conservatoire. My wife works at Belarusfilm and is also qualified as a stage director. She paints sets. She’s also a great psychologist, understanding me perfectly. She doesn’t question me excessively, which I really appreciate. She organises our home so that it’s always a pleasure to return. Do you help with the housework, vacuuming for example?

Ivan Zhdanovich

classics. We went to Kazan to record ‘Aida’. I spent six months working on the project, restoring the performance from old photos. Some elements of the set had been lost and Chemodurov’s family hadn’t kept drawings. Sadly, museums don’t always keep records either but wonderful set designer Yuri Tur helped me. We organised an exhibition of his works to mark the 70th anniversary of his birth, featuring many of his drawings. It’s vital to keep such records so that sets can be resurrected in future. Also, they are part of our theatrical legacy. I think that ‘Grey Legend’ is the most interesting and successful of my joint projects with Pandzhavidze. Each performance sees a new approach, which is what keeps the job fresh. For ‘Grey Legend’, we created a 19m long bridge, using materials usually applied to dramatic performances rather than to opera. The idea came to me when I visited Pruzhany, standing among the ruins. I had a flash of inspiration. How do you feel about multimedia effects? I think that video projection should be used in moderation and only where it fits the situation. I’m not completely satisfied with the net in the ‘Grey Legend’. Our lighting isn’t strong enough to illuminate the actors adequately but if we’d lit the net we’d have lost the sense of space being stretched in time. Which sets do you think have worked best? Those which have truly embodied my ideas (inspired by reading the play) and which have replicated the model have made me happiest. It’s great to see your vision come alive; it warms your heart and soul. I’m satisfied with ‘Grey Legend’, which I’m also proud of as a Belarusian opera. Does the new technology make your job easier or do you still lack particular equipment? The theatre is completely filled with technical innovations. My imagination needs to make full use of them. I have

I do when I’m asked. However, they don’t tend to involve me. Once, I asked my wife how to switch on the washing machine and she asked me fearfully why I needed to know. Since then, I haven’t even attempted to use the microwave oven. I do enjoy clearing snow from around the house and there’s been a great deal this year. I take the spade and think about work while I shovel. I imagine a show at which audiences would be so spellbound that they’d wish away the interval, eager to again feel the magic of the theatre, happy in their absorption. By Valentina Zhdanovich

“The Boshoi Treatre for me is love and destiny”

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festivals

Belta

Warm winter melodies International classical January Music Nights celebrates quarter of a century

t’s impossible to imagine the Christmas holidays without music in Brest. Its Academic Drama Theatre has been entertaining us for the past 25 years and, on January 8th, the 15th January Music Nights classical concerts began. The wonderful event is organised by Honoured Artist of Belarus Lilia Batyreva who, this year, gathered musicians from 25 countries: over 700 in all, including about 70 soloists. For the first time, those from the United States, Jamaica, Denmark and Sweden took part. Stars included Russian tenor Vladislav Piavko, pianist Boris Blokh, violinists Liana Isakadze and Zakhar Bron, first flute with Italian opera houses Antonio Amenduni and bass singer Ali Askerov — a soloist with the Azerbaijan State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre, who was invited to sing at mass in 2002 by Pope John Paul II. In addition, a trio of Italian tenors took part, including Roberto Costi — the last and most beloved pupil of Luciano Pavarotti. Two concerts

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were led by People's Artist of Russia Svyatoslav Belza. Also performing was violinist Yulia Igonina — one of the most prominent Russian musicians of her young generation, known for playing a violin made by Italian Vincenzo Panormo (1700), provided by the Russian State Collection of Unique Musical Instruments. The opening evening of the festival was in the hands of young musicians, with the overture played by soloists and ensembles of Brest Music College (named after G. Shirma). Talented students from Moldova, Poland, Belarus and Lithuania then performed, followed by soloists and musicians from the National Academic People’s Orchestra of Belarus (named after I. Zhinovich). The Orchestra was participating in the festival for the first time, giving its hourlong concert, led by its artistic director and chief conductor, People’s Artist of Belarus Professor Mikhail Kozinets. The latter has been on the stage of January Music Nights more than 15 times, so received not only a certificate for taking part but a special guest souvenir.

President Lukashenko sent greetings to all participants and guests, saying, “I’m sure that the current jubilee festival will give fans a memorable celebration of classical music, enriching the spiritual wealth of our country and further strengthening friendship between peoples.” After the official ceremony, there was a musical ‘tsunami’ in the form of a 50-minute performance of Giovanni Pergolesi’s Stabat Mater. Soloists of the Perm Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre (named after P.I. Tchaikovsky) Nadezhda Babintseva and Irina Krikunova sang psalms, accompanied by the State Symphony Orchestra, under chief conductor Alexander Anisimov, joined by the children's choir of Minsk musical school #10. The festival continued with a parade of young talent and masters whose ability to delight was unstoppable. January has brought Brest’s music lovers another gift: the reopening of the Brest Region Philharmonic after reconstruction. By Valentina Kozlovskaya

cultural context

Iosif Kobzon agrees

The young people’s pop song contest was replaced by a contest for vocal and instrumental ensembles (memory of Vladimir Mulyavin) but is now being revived, with entrants singing popular hits from previous years. The fate of the Vladimir Mulyavin contest is yet to be decided, as such musical groups are few in number in Belarus and the CIS, with the number of entrants dwindling in recent years. “We’ve elaborated all possible variants of its organisation and preservation, while thinking about a new concept and format,” explains Mr. Sinkovets. preliminary agreement has The International Zolotoy already been reached with Sh lyager-2013 Music Iosif Kobzon, who has Festival was first agreed to take par t organised in November in the festival,” notes 1995, with support Anatoly Sinkovets, Head from the President of the Mogilev Regional of Belarus, Executive Committee’s Alexander Cultural Department. “On Lukashenko. our side, we’ll do everything The forum possible to welcome such a has become a unique prominent personality to event in the cultural Mogilev; he has made an invaluable contribution to Iosif Kobzon is invited life of the Republic, the to head the jury region and internationthe development of singing.” It’s planned that the jury of the contest ally, being a wonderful holiday of music will also include diploma holders and and song. Its sincere poetic lyricism is laureates of last year’s contest, who are unique while the festival brings together now known at home and abroad: Natalia ‘forgotten’ artists who perform golden Podolskaya, Irina Dorofeeva, Iskui Soviet classics. The Zolotoy Shlyager Abalyan, Ruslan Alekhno and Yevgeny was accepted into the International Gor (Russia) and Teimur Bodzhgua Federation of Festivals, and has featured (Georgia). They can also hold master acknowledged masters from around the world, from over 20 countries. classes for young entrants.

Jury of international Zolotoy Shlyager-2013 pop music festival, hosted by Mogilev in October, to be headed by patriarch of Russian pop stage

Best of the decade Litesound band awarded EUROSTAR AWARD-2012

popular Eurovision site has seen fans and professional judges voting for their favourite entries over the past decade — from a list of over 4,500 artists. Ten candidates were chosen and interactive voting over several months has selected a winner: the Belarusian band earned the greatest number of votes (14,422).

A pleasant meeting in Venezuela Belarusian Rhapsody performed in Caracas by Symphony Orchestra of Venezuela

he Bicentennial Rhapsody concert, p e r f o r m e d b y t h e Nat i o n a l Symphony Orchestra of Venezuela, was recently hosted by the Teresa Carreño Theatre, in the Venezuelan capital. The guest conductor was the First Secretary of the Venezuelan Embassy to Belarus, Gerardo Estrada, who also manages the Simon Bolivar Latin American Cultural Centre in Minsk. The concert was in six segments, of which Belarusian Rhapsody formed one part. Before performing, Gerardo Estrada welcomed the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Belarus to Venezuela, H.E. Mr. Oleg Paferov, and Belarusian diplomats. He especially emphasised that the performance of Belarusian Rhapsody was dedicated to the friendship between the peoples of Venezuela and Belarus. The performance was warmly received. After the concert, Mr. Paferov chatted with the Chief of the International Strategic Policy Department of the Culture Ministry of Venezuela, Katiusca Rodríguez, and the Chairman of the Venezuelan National Music Company Fund, José Antonio Naranjo Zerpa. They reached a preliminary agreement to hold Days of Belarusian Culture in Venezuela.

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competitions

Expressiveness

Designers present modern interpretations of Belarusian national costume, including children’s collections

veryone wants to be stylish these days but it’s hard to find your individual style unless you’re presented with a certain amount of choice. The main goal of the Fashion Silhouette National Fashion Designers Contest is to inspire improvement professionally and creatively in the field of modelling and fashion design. T he Tr a d e Mi n i st r y e ve nt brought together fashion designers and creative teams from all over the country. Even students of garment industry institutions took part. From regional rounds, 24 finalists presented 27 collections to the jury and audience under the categories ‘Pret-a-porter’ (ready to wear casual fashion), ‘Fashion Design’ (runway collections) and ‘Belarusian Costume and Modernity’ (a new category giving a modern twist to national motifs). Oksana Podorozhnaya, of the Ministry for Trade, tells us, “Innovation

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Vadim Kondrashov

Belarusian style

aims to revive the artistic heritage of Belarus: the material and spiritual culture of our country. It’s no secret that women around the world wear different clothes, reflecting their psyche and traditions, formed over centuries. Modern interpretations of Belarusian costume are, perhaps, the most difficult to create. Only three entries were presented in this nomination: Bogushevsk Consumer Services Company Prestige’s We are Belarus collection; Slutsk’s Orsha Flax’s Colours of Belarusian Summer; and Grodno students’ Maslenitsa collection. The first was more spectacular while the other two were more practical for the modern w o m a n’s wardrobe.

competitions

of fashionable silhouette Not the victory but participation

The jury included such prominent figures from the Belarusian fashion industry as Ivan Aiplatov, Sergey Nagorny, Elvira Zhvikova and Yelena Zapekina, joined by professors from industry institutions. The jury and organising committee were chaired by the Deputy Minister for Trade, Irina Narkevich. Entries were received from across all Belarus, with designers from Baranovichi, Orsha, Mozyr, Grodno, Borisov, Brest, Slutskaya, Korelichi, Bogushevsk, Gourock, Vitebsk and Minsk in the final show and from both

Expert opinion

state run and private enterprises. The age of participants varied widely, with a good mix of half young and half older. “Of course, everyone wants to win but taking part is just as valuable,” emphasised Vitebsk State Industrial and Technical College student Alexey Sviridov. “Primarily, it’s my opportunity to present my collection to a jury of professionals,” he added, speaking before the show.

Expanding horizons Alexey told us, “I’d like to see citizens in Vitebsk, Minsk and other cities dress differently, as I think their needs are not being completely satisfied.

The jury and organizing committee Chair, the Deputy Minister for Trade, Irina Narkevich:  “Regardless of where a woman lives — in the city or in a village — she wishes to look stylish and attractive. The range of clothing being sold is expanding, giving Belarusians greater opportunity to not only look fashionable but buy exclusive items. Our consumer service centres are designing collections for every taste and budget.”

In particular, young people seek something other than what’s usually sold. They lack variety in clothes shops, finding it difficult to express themselves through the way they dress. This contest is valuable in giving young designers the chance to be seen beyond fashion shows held at their institutions. They can experiment and gain recognition.” “Our society is still quite conservative in its choice of clothes,” notes Ms. Podorozhnaya. “Such events as Fashion Silhouette help us to expand people’s views on fashion, showing new colours, styles and accessories.” Mozyr District Consumer Service Centre had to re-sew its collection for the final show, after winning the regional round and selling out — showing that it has achieved public appeal. Once the winners of all categories have been announced (including the winners of the Grand Prize and Audience Award) the collections will be sold through trade ne t work s and t he most popular designs will be launched into mass production. By Veronika Povoleeva

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hobby

The distorted world of modern fashion Irina Khanunik-Rombalskaya presents provoking dolls at Minsk’s University of Culture Art Gallery: MONEYkenshchitsyIznanka

Vitaliy Gil

ourteen eccentric dolls are on display, provocative in their hypertrophied proportions and g rotes que beauty. R ather than walking dogs, they boast ironic decorations and accessories, made from vintage fabrics and lace, silver, fur and beads. There’s even a camera from 1935. “ They provoke extreme reactions — both positive and negative. Each one captures a sense of loneliness and pain at being judged only by their attractiveness. The idea behind the dolls is complex and e m o t i o n a l ,”

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notes Natalia Barsukova, the Director of the University of Culture Gallery. Irina notes that the exhibition comes close to her birthday and that it’s a real novelty to have so many people attend her ‘celebrations’. The dolls are accompanied by photos of famous beauties: Miss Belarus-2008 Olga Khizhinkova; Miss World Photo Model-2011 and the First Vice Miss of Seven Continents in 2011, Inessa Kuntsevich; as well as top Belarusian model Kristina Kuchinskaya. There is even a photo of Irina. Honourable guests at the exhibition included Italian footwear designer Maurizio Iacopini, who is popular with US First Lady Michelle Obama and actress Jessica Alba. He’ll soon be presenting his collection in the capital. He tells us, “This is my first visit to Minsk. I’ve heard much about Belarusian people and I am delighted by your culture and desire to progress forward.” The exhibition runs from February 6th-13th.