DESIGN STUDIO AIR SEMESTER 1 2018 AMIN MOHD FOUZI TUTOR: ISABELLE JOOSTE PART A
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION A1: DESIGN FUTURNG A2: DESIGN COMPUTATION A3: COMPOSITION&GENERATION A4: CONCLUSION A5: LEARNING OUTCOME A6: APPENDIX: ALGORITHMIC SKETCHES REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION My name is Amin Mohd Fouzi. Currently a second year student. I am from a developing part of Malaysia which is a state called Selangor. The development of Selangor peek my interest in the design of structures especially the mixture of the underdevoloped Kampong houses to the devoloping 30 storey apartments. What interest greatly for me is the architecture. Growing in the suburban part of the states which only provided with the essential structures such as the row of houses, the row of small convenient shops, schools, a mall, a supermarket, a mosque, everything changed from such fast pace. By five years there are universities developed, a hospital, two malls and two apartments. By ten years there are train stations, two more malls and multiple apartments. I was always interested in the usage of Photoshop during higschool. However, my experience with CAD softwares only started during my degree. From that experience, I think that CAD softwares could provide great potentials in designing as compared to sketching and model making. Certain concepts that can be efficiently done on CAD seems rather impossible to be done manually in my opinion.
A1: DESIGN FUTURING
DESIGN FUTURING IS A THINKING OF DESIGNING WITH THE CONCERN OF THE FUTURE. BASED ON TONY FRY, THE WORLD IS GOING THROUGHT THE AGE OF DEFUTURING WHERE DESIGNS ARE HIGHLY ANTHOPOCENTRIC. THE CURRENT METHOD OF DESIGNING IS RUINING THE ENVIRONMENT AND EATING ITS LIFE AWAY MORE AND MORE. THE THINKING OF DESIGN FUTURING IS TACKLING THIS ISSUE BY DESIGNING STRUCTURES THAT ARE INNOVATIVE AND SUSTAINABLE THIS INCLUDES DESIGNS THAT ARE MATERIAL EFFICIENT AND ENERGY SAVING. AT THE SAME DESIGNS THAT WOULD ALLOW THE ACCOMODATION OF THE GROWING POPULATION AND BATTLING THE CLIMATE CHANGE THAT IS OCCURING TODAY.
1. Tony Fry, ‘Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice, (Oxford: Berg,2009), p.1 -16
CASE STUDY 1
Tallinn Architecture Biennale Pavilion Gilles Retsin 2017 Architecture today has been revolved greatly on the power technology with the potential that computational designing and fabrication holds. This method of designing provide the potential to tackle the “Age of Defuturing” which designs do not take consideration on the environment and solely anthropocentric. Gilles Retsin however manage to peel the potential computational power and fabrication on building design which took a step forward on the issue. For competition entry for the Tallinn Architecture Biennale, Retsin have designed a parametric pavilion unlike any other. Lindsey Leardi , ‘Multi-Functional Lego-Like Plywood Building Blocks Create Limitless Design Solution’, (2017) <https://www.archdaily. com/885727/multi-functional-lego-like-plywood-building-blocks-create-limitless-design-solution> Gilles Retsin, ‘Tallinn Architecture Biennale’, <http://www.retsin.org/Tallinn-Architecture-Biennale>
Design of parametric structure have spread like wildfire in the past few years mainly with idea of exploding a shell into small components and reassembling to the desired form. This design however is not that applicable for many clients as it is rather restricted in terms of functionality. From this idea of a parametric pavilion, Retsin explore further the concept and has came up with a revolutionary concept of building which resulted in the design of disjunct building blocks. The blocks are made off cheap exterior plywood sheet that are cut by CNC-machine and assembled to form a stiff form practical to withstand structural loads. These blocks are some what similar to LEGO blocks as they are versatile and universal allowing the possibility to assemble them into different forms from bridges to housing block. This concept is future forward as it is highly sustainable. This is because the blocks are highly reusable as they can be detached, joined and reversed. This saves energy in terms of material productions, building and deconstruction. At the same time provides efficiency on space usage as it is versatile and able to adapt on the needs of people especially with over growing population resulting in the critical need of space.
All images retrived from https://www.archdaily.com/885727/multi-functional-lego-like-plywood-building-blocks-create-limitless-designsolution [Accessed from 10 March 2018]
The design of a geodesic dome provides a great beneficiary in terms of architecture. This is because of how the geometrical structure allows a structure to provide a large enclosed space with the usage of minimum resources. The usage of a geodesic dome for the Roskilde Dome also reduces the amount of energy required to head up the structure. This is due to the use of minimal surface and the geodesic dome being an aerodynamic structure which doesn’t allow much heat loss in the structure.
CASE STUDY 2 Roskilde Dome Kristoffer Tejlgaard 2012
The Roskilde Dome is a structure used to accommodate the events of the Roskilde Festival. The dome is a geodesic dome which the geometry was inspired from the structure of a carbon 240 molecules resulting in it having 240 panel points. The importance of this structure for the Roskilde Festival is how the festival itself involves communities with environmental awareness. This is relatable as the design of the dome echoes sustainability.
Kristoffer Tejlgaard , ‘Roskilde Dome 2012 / Kristoffer Tejlgaard’, (2013) <https://www.archdaily.com/355536/roskilde-dome-2012kristoffer-tejlgaard>
The Roskilde Dome is a mobile structure which is achieved from the usage of separated modules. These modules can be easily connected, detached and transported. The modules are made of plywood and are only possible with usage of 3d-projecting and CNC cutting to achieve the possible elasticity for the plywood to span from one point to another across vthe dome. The dome is also kept dry by the placement of transparent waterproof membrane along the window brackets.
All images retrived from https://www.archdaily.com/355536/roskilde-dome-2012-kristoffer-tejlgaard [Accessed from 10 March 2018]
A2: DESIGN COMPUTATION
DESIGN COMPUTATION HAS CHANGED THE WAY OF DESIGN TO A WHOLE OTHER LEVEL. WITH THE POSSIBILITY OF DESIGN FUTURING1 , THE CONCEPT OF DESIGNING HAVE FAR LESS RESTRICTIONS AT THE SAME TIME CREATING NEW WAYS OF DESIGNING. THIS IS DUE TO THE POSSIBILITY OF DIFFERENT MATERIAL DESIGN FROM THE AVAILABILITY OF CNC - MILLING TO 3D PRINTING TO UNDERSTANDING FURTHER MATERIAL PROPERTIES VIA SIMULATION WHICH ALLOWS THING SUCH AS UNDERSTANDING THE MAXIMUM BENDING OF TIMBER. DESIGN COMPUTATION HAS REDEFINE THE MEANING OF DESIGNING. 3D DESIGNING PLATFORMS WHICH ALLOWS USERS TO INTERACT WITH THEIR DESIGN AND MANIPULATE TO A NEW DEGREE. THIS ALLOWS NEW GEOMETRIES TO BE DESIGNED, POSIBILITY OF PARAMETRICS AS WELL AS PREFABRICATED MATERIALS TO BE CONSTRUCTED.
1. Oxman, Rivka and Robert, â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Theories of the Digital in Architecture, (London;New York: Routledge,2014), p.1 -13
CASE STUDY 1 Endesa World Fab Condenser MARGEN-LAB 2014
Design computation allows tons of possibilities in designing to be explored. A project by MARGEN-LAB, Endesa World Fab Condenser explored this method in creating a better communication between designers, industry and raw material. This is fully achieved by them challenging the possibility of prefabrication and passive design.
The parametric design is also manipulated with certain parts of the plane is ballooned up and certain having openings. This is to manipulate wind movement against the structure, catch sea breezes from the south, mountain wind from the north as well as allowing cross ventilation to occur. The parametric concept used for this structure is achieved by having triangulated timber structure and using linen in a tensile form in cladding the structure. The construction of the pavilion can be disjoined with the wool and timber being able to be reused or recycle.
What they have achieved is a form of dome pavilion which is created from multiple experimentation on parametric method as well as the deformation of an icosahedron. These experiments are done through computational design. The icosahedron is digitally manipulated and deformed to achieve minimal solar radiation input onto the structure during the summer and obtain proper sun light during the winter. The angles of the plane of the icosahedron is changed and a trial and error to achieve the case based design which multiple digital designs of deform icosahedrons are experimented with incident sunlight.
Lorena Quintana , â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Endesa World Fab Condenser / MARGEN-LABâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, (2014) <https://www.archdaily.com/549830/endesa-world-fabcondenser-margen-lab>
All images retrived from https://www.archdaily.com/549830/endesa-world-fab-condenser-margen-lab [Accessed from 10 March 2018]
Neri Oxman is known for her coined term Material Ecology in which she uses understanding of a particular structure, form or pattern which allows her to create a new technology for design that is unique thorough biomimicry. Monocoque 2 is a great example of this concept. Oxman practices computational design to provide her the possibility to explore this concept of designing.
CASE STUDY 2 Monocoque 2 Neri Oxman 2007
Computation design has allowed the possibility of the structure as well as 3D printing. The possibility of distributing Voronoi patterns on a surface equally opens up oppurtunities as such structure to be from which is way more effiecient than analog design.
In Monocoque 2, Oxman have created a shell like structure from the piping and thickness of Voronoi patterns. This creates a vein like form which allows a great amount of sheer stress distribution. From that, the structure is load bearing from the skin itself without needing frame work as any other structure.
Neri Oxman , â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Monocoque 2â&#x20AC;&#x2122;, (2007) <http://www.materialecology.com/projects/details/monocoque-2#prettyPhoto>
All images retrived from http://www.materialecology.com/projects/details/monocoque-2#prettyPhoto [Accessed from 15 March 2018]
A3: COMPOSITION&GENERATION
WITH THE POTENTIAL OF DESIGN COMPUTATION, UNIMAGINABLE DESGINS CAN BE ACHIEVED. HOWEVER, THESE POTENTIALS SHOULD BE OF GOOD USE. THE BENCHMARK OF DESIGN TODAY SHOULD BE RAISED TO A HIGHER STANDARD. DESIGNS SHOULD FOCUS ON THE FLEXIBILITY AND THE ADAPTABILITY IN FACING WITH CHANGE IN ARCHITECTURE1. DESIGN COMPUTATION PROVIDES THE ESSENTIALS IN CREATING A COMPLEX AND HIGHLY FUNCTIONAL DESIGN. THIS SHOULD BE TAKEN ADVANTAGE IN FINDING OPTIMAL SOLUTION IN DESIGNING. GENERATIVE DESIGN IS A METHOD WHICH USES SELF CALCULATING ALGORITHMS WHICH ARE GIVEN PARAMETERS BASED ON THE REASON OF THE DESIGN. GENERATIVE DESIGN HAS THE ABILITY OF ADAPTING WITH ISSUES OCCURING.
1. Brady Peters, Computation Works : The Building of Algorithmic Thought, Architectural Design, Volume 83, Issue 2,(2013) p.8 -15 2. Nacar , ‘3D Printing meets Generative Design’, (2016) <https://nacardesign.com/generative-design/>
The structure spans at 12meters in length by 1.75 meters wide which is from printed micro-reinforced concrete. The structure minimises wastage as the usge of 3d printing and parametric allows the possbility of recycling the materials. What is highly efficient in this method is the generative designs adapts the structure to have the optimal performance while at the same time allows the freedom of form. The step by the IAAC is a very future forward step which have take computational design to great use in providing a method that is highly flexible and adaptable.
CASE STUDY 1 World’s First 3D Printed Bridge Institute of Advanced Architecture of Catalonia (IAAC) 2017
The Institute of Advanced Architecture of Catalonia (IAAC) have taken computational design to a further extend. Through generation design, they have managed to design a 3D printed bridge for the Castilla-La Mancha Park. This is a great step forward in technology as it shows a starting point of the potential of 3D printing in load bearing structures as well as peeling the possibilities of generation design in architecture.
Nicolás Valencia , ‘World’s First 3D Printed Bridge Opens in Spain’, (2017) <https://www.archdaily.com/804596/worlds-first-3d-printedbridge-opens-in-spain>
All images retrived from https://www.archdaily.com/804596/worlds-first-3d-printed-bridge-opens-in-spain [Accessed from 15 March 2018]
CASE STUDY 2
Elytra Filament Pavilion Achim Menges 2016 Achim Menges have designed a pavillion for the Victoria & Albert Museum which is biomimicry inspired and grows over the usage of the pavilion by passerby. This pavilion is made of robotical fabricated carbon fibre and glass fibre which forms an elytra fibre inspired structure. The glass fibre of the paviliion will transfer data regarding the number of passerby which provides info regarding the usage of the structure. This is highly sustainable as it is effiecient to know the use of structure whether it is highly usable or not. The modular form of the structure allows the structure to grow or detached.
Jessica Mairs, â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Robotically fabricated carbon-fibre pavilion opens at the V&Aâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, (2016) <https://www.dezeen.com/2016/05/18/roboticallyfabricated-carbon-fibre-pavilion-opens-va-museum-london-university-of-stuttgart-achim-menges>
The technology of generative design and the robotic arm allows designers to produce structures that are based on fibres. The elytra structure is compacted in a modular hexagonal form which could span even further than the form itself. This has provide a new construction method with the usage of fibrous systems. This is possible as the generative design allows the designer to create the most sufficient design in terms of strength and material usage in which it calculates where materials need to be placed and where it should not be to waste.
All images retrived from https://www.dezeen.com/2016/05/18/robotically-fabricated-carbon-fibre-pavilion-opens-va-museum-londonuniversity-of-stuttgart-achim-menges/ [Accessed from 15 March 2018]
Conclusion
In conclusion , Part A is to be summarised as the ongoing development of technology which has create great potential for designers of todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s world. Designers should have realisation on the cause of the on going obsolete method that has brought us to the Age of Defuturing. The idea of moving forward should be kept in the minds of desginers today with the thinking of designing with the concern of the future regarding the overgrowing population and the damages brought during the past to the environment. Technology of computational design has provided the tools of thinking and opening up of vast possibilities to tackle the issue. These tools should be use properly and efficiently with innovative thinking to help create new construction methods, new typologies, new materials systems that would be of great beneficiary in the future. Thinking of recycling, efficient material use and temporary structure should be kept in mind in designing. This technology has provide the potential of creating new forms from geometries to generative design which should also be taken advantage as it was never been possible before the availability of the technology. New aesthetics and complex structure should be thought of as an oppurtunity in understanding further the possibility of design.
Learning Outcomes
From this task, Part A, I have learned to appreciate further the usage of computational design. The idea of computational design has not been accepted fully by the society as the idea is rather new and thought of as lazy as it is done digitally and faster than analog method. However, this has open a different perspective in seeing the possibility of computational design which has been unravel by multiple designers studied. It was brought to my intention by this task that many designers today have not considered the design futuring thinking. I believed this idea should be spread further by accepting fully this idea of digital design as it is rather more efficient and sustainable regarding the construction and material usage.
Appendix
WEEK2
Driftwood
WEEK3
Grid Shell & Generative Patterns
Grasshopper algorithmic sketches
WEEK1
Lofting & Voronoi
Reference - Brady Peters, Computation Works : The Building of Algorithmic Thought, Architectural Design, Volume 83, Issue 2,(2013) p.8 -15 - Gilles Retsin, ‘Tallinn Architecture Biennale’, <http://www.retsin.org/Tallinn-Architecture-Biennale>
- Jessica Mairs, ‘Robotically fabricated carbon-fibre pavilion opens at the V&A’, (2016) <https://www.dezeen.
com/2016/05/18/robotically-fabricated-carbon-fibre-pavilion-opens-va-museum-london-university-of-stuttgartachim-menges> - Kristoffer Tejlgaard , ‘Roskilde Dome 2012 / Kristoffer Tejlgaard’, (2013) <https://www.archdaily.com/355536/ roskilde-dome-2012-kristoffer-tejlgaard> -Lindsey Leardi , ‘Multi-Functional Lego-Like Plywood Building Blocks Create Limitless Design Solution’, (2017) <https://www.archdaily.com/885727/multi-functional-lego-like-plywood-building-blocks-create-limitless-designsolution> -Lorena Quintana , ‘Endesa World Fab Condenser / MARGEN-LAB’, (2014) <https://www.archdaily.com/549830/ endesa-world-fab-condenser-margen-lab> - Nacar , ‘3D Printing meets Generative Design’, (2016) <https://nacardesign.com/generative-design/> - Neri Oxman , ‘Monocoque 2’, (2007) <http://www.materialecology.com/projects/details/monocoque2#prettyPhoto> - Nicolás Valencia , ‘World’s First 3D Printed Bridge Opens in Spain’, (2017) <https://www.archdaily.com/804596/ worlds-first-3d-printed-bridge-opens-in-spain> - Oxman, Rivka and Robert, ‘Theories of the Digital in Architecture, (London;New York: Routledge,2014), p.1 -13 -Tony Fry, ‘Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice, (Oxford: Berg,2009), p.1 -16