Revista Medicos issue #15

REVISTA REVISTA MEDICOS MEDICOS

About us. AMSA India

AMSA India represents Indian medical students' interests in all the spheres of our society and thus provides an excellent platform for empowerment. The activities involve medical students in participating in various national and international conferences, academic bonanzas and philanthropic work. The directive of our organization is to inform, educate and counsel every medical student of India. The international activities include Conference EAMSC (January/February), AMSC (Conference: July/August) and AMSEP (Student exchange).

AMSA International

AMSA was officially founded in Manila, Philippines in the year 1985, it is an active, dynamic and exciting student-led, not-for-profit and nonpolitical organization with 27 member associates and observer nations.

AMSA'S vision is Knowledge, Action, Friendship : to share knowledge, undertake activities and social services and create International and intercontinental friendships that last forever.

About us.

Our Spanish title articulated with love, toward a magazine for and of medicos. To describe this “Spanglish” (Spanish + English) title with soul of medicine and in words of a poet:

Newsletter is the mirror of an organization’s play, The gospel truth and our belief we say.

The essence of our organization as detailed is told, And all the future aspirations as destined we unfold. To keep the idea of ‘medicos’ atop, From clinical questions and crosswords to interviews, We’ve got you covered with thought.

As in a democracy, our organization solely stands by members, for members and of members that’s what makes it grand.

Alas, your love and feedback is what is indeed craved, because in unison are the trails of success paved.

Letter from the Regional Chairperson

Dear Readers

“With Great Power, comes great responsibility” this quote has inspired me in all the phases of my leadership in AMSA India, and the same was my motivation while applying for the Regional Chairperson of this organisation. Being in leadership positions at various levels, we have always worked for the best interest of students and have continued to strive for the same to make it the most accessible medical student organisation.

A decade ago, AMSA India began with an idea when 2 medical students Dr Abhinav Tomar and Dr Apporv Jain went to an Asian medical students conference Since then, AMSA India has grown exponentially My journey in AMSA India started as National Officer for Information Technology back in 2019 Then I worked as Director of IT and Vice Overall chairperson Internal. We also organised the first edition of AMSACON at Amritsar. During my journey in AMSA India, I have also worked in AMSA International as Director of Information Technology and Vice overall Chairperson Internal, implementing the ‘Seedership’ programme with my colleagues in AMSA International. Working in these positions has helped me develop self-confidence, public speaking skills, and professionalism which paved my way to become the Regional Chairperson of this Organisation

I wish to take AMSA India to greater heights

Starting the tenure with the tagline

Ideas

Innovation

Implement

We aim to make AMSA India a research-oriented organization providing many platforms to conduct studies that benefit the community and students. We aim to conduct the second AMSACON and other upcoming conferences, exchanges, and international opportunities where medical students can share ideas, inspire each other and make new friends, thus fulfilling the motto of AMSA India that is knowledge, Action, and friendship

‘We should give back society what we have gained’, We at AMSA India continue to serve passionately towards society’s betterment. I hope I am able to fulfil the expectation of our dear members and the people of tomorrow, while making this organisation a family of all medical students across India

VIVA AMSA!

Best Regards

Samarvir Jain Regional Chairperson AMSA India 2022/23

SHUDDHI RAVANI

All work and no play makes jack a dull boy! But sadly jack doesn't work with AMSA or he would have known the joy of knowledge action and friendship. I started my journey as a CH on the grassroot level and it's been three years now, I've never looked back.

Learning new things and exploring new challenges are two things which I'm enthusiast about. My passion also wanders about aerospace medicine , dancing and abstract artwork. To brush up my oratory skills, I love to participate in various competitions and debates. Meeting new people and getting a chance to interact with them is something which brings me immense joy apart from spending quality time with my family. Many people say life is a race. Hence, I like to pave my own track for it.

If I had to conclude my life motto, it would be inspired by my dad's saying - "Gratitude is my attitude!"

ANSHDEEP SALUJA

My journey in AMSA began as a national officer in the editorial board of the newsletter. It was a great opportunity for me to hone my skills in designing. editing, and communication while contributing to the organization's mission. As I progressed in my role, I learned the importance of teamwork and collaboration with members from different departments.

I am a fun-loving individual with a keen interest in painting, designing, medicine, and cooking. I always seek new opportunities to explore and experiment with my skills. My love for creativity and exploration motivates me to learn new things, push my boundaries, and follow my dreams. Whether it is through painting a new masterpiece or trying out a new recipe, I always try to find joy in the little things.

"Success is not final, failure is not fatal: it is the courage to continue that counts." This quote has taught me to persevere in the face of challenges and to keep pushing forward towards my goals.

It's all about

the people.

AMSA INDIA (22-23)

GENERAL TREASURER

DIRECTOR OF ARTNERSHIPS (NGO)

PROMOTIONS & PUBLICATIONS

DIRECTOR OF INFORMATION

y y

DIRECTOR OF PROMOTIONS & PUBLICATIONS

Malika Gupta

OPMENT

Pritish Bhardwaj

MSFC CHAIR

PAARTH BAJAJ

A 2nd year medical student at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh I have strong opinions about things I believe in I enjoy listening to music, binge watching and day dreaming Perfectionist attitude is both my strength and weakness Keeping it simple, yet with constant changes is my mantra

NITHYA RAVISHANKAR

A 2nd year medical student studying in JSS Medical College located in the beautiful city of Mysore, Karnataka I love pushing my comfort zone while complaining about it at the same time Once an avid reader and art enthusiast, love all things “girly” Currently just trying get enough motivation to follow through with my night routine !

U R T E A M

ABHILASHA SINGH

A 2nd year student at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh I see myself as a dedicated and modest person who is still trying to figure out the purpose of life through books One thing that keeps me going is "Don't wait for others' validation, it's you whose approval matters the most" I am quite fond of cooking, travelling and music Nothing extravagant just likes to be told the truth

SHUBHAM KUMAR

My name is Shubham Kumar, and I'm a final-year student at DMC Ludhiana I'd like to introduce myself as an introverted explorer at heart, always looking for new experiences and perspectives With love of both technology and art, I'm always looking for new ways to combine the two

SHREYA SANYAL

Hi I'm Shreya Sanyal, a 2nd year MBBS student at Kalinga Institute of Medical Science, Bhubaneswar Being a strong believer of the notion " The Hands which serve are more sacred than the lips which pray " , I love to extend my service for humanity, so I'm a part of various societies dealing with social service.( Youth Red cross Society, NSS). Strong Passion for medicine and surgery drives me to be a healing touch for those in need. Thirst for learning something new always takes me to set new horizons for myself My leisures are devoted to sketching and travelling I'm infatuated to positive vibes and love socializing with people around

EIVRANPREET KAUR

I am a student of 3rd year, MBBS studying in GMC Amritsar I love working on myself spiritually and physically I always look forward to learn new things and try my hands on new activities

AKASH KHAIRAJANI

A medical intern who's trying to rediscover his dampened gene of interest in literature Currently juggling between pursuing his dream of residency and deciding the next sitcom to binge watch A believer of discipline who wishes to contribute to the field of medicine widely with his zeal for being a versatile physician

SWETA SAHU

A final year medical student at JJMMC, Davanagere, Karnataka She is extremely passionate and highly ambitious She loves travelling and is an amazing communicator! She happens to be the founder of an undergraduate level research community

O U R T E A M

Q1. The use of artificial intelligence is incorporated into healthcare to help providers___

a) see more patients in an efficient manner by using overlap systems

b) shift through vast amounts of data to help providers and patients make informed decisions

c) make decisions for patients

d) bypass the attempt to stay current in practice

Q2 What is InstaEcho?

a) A cardiac product used to aid doctors in precise ECG diagnosis

b) A product of Tricog founded in 2014

c) It has received NASSCOM Artificial Intelligence Game Changer Award of 2018

d) All of the above

Q3Which of the following is not an example of AI in medicine?

a) Niramai

b) BLUESEMI

c) Qure.ai

d) Sesame street

Q4 80,000 mouse cells were used to build a living computer at

a) Harvard University

b) University of Illinois

c) University of Cambridge

d) Stanford University

Q5Which of the following is the limitation of AI in medicine?

a) Data availability

b) Automating drudgery in medical practice

c) Democratizing medical knowledge and excellence

d) Managing patients and medical resources

Q6The following is the major set back AI in medicine :-

a) IBM Watson

b) Sesame street

c) BLUESEMI

d) All of the above

DIY HEALTH HACKS THAT WILL MAKE YOU LOL (AND MAYBE FEEL BETTER TOO!)

DIY 1: Homema can provide a your skin. Her you started:

1. Honey Face Mask: Honey is a natural humectant that can help your skin retain moisture Simply apply a thin layer of raw honey to your face and let it sit for 15-20 minutes before rinsing it off with warm water Your skin will feel softer and smoother

2. Oatmeal Scrub: Oatmeal is a gentle exfoliant that can help remove dead skin cells and unclog pores Mix equal parts oatmeal and honey, then apply the mixture to your face in circular motions Rinse it off with warm water and pat your face dry Your skin will feel refreshed and revitalized

3. Cucumber Toner:

Cucumber is known for its soothing properties, making it an ideal ingredient for a toner Blend a cucumber until it becomes a liquid, then strain it through a cheesecloth to remove any pulp Apply the liquid to your face using a cotton ball, then let it dry Your skin will feel cool and hydrated

4. Coconut Oil Moisturiser: Coconut oil is a natural moisturiser that can help improve the texture and appearance of your skin Simply apply a small amount of coconut oil to your face before bed, and let it absorb into your skin overnight Your skin will feel softer and more supple in the morning

Overall, homemade skincare DIY methods can be a cost-effective and natural way to improve the health and appearance of your skin Just be sure to patch test any new ingredients before applying them to your face, and always consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns or persistent skin issues

DIY 2: A DIY yoga mat cleaner is an easy and natural way to keep your mat fresh and clean.

Here is a simple recipe:

Ingredients:

• 1 cup of water

• 1/4 cup of white vinegar

• 5-10 drops of essential oil (such as lavender or tea tree)

Instructions:

1. Combine the water and white vinegar in a spray bottle.

2. Add 5-10 drops of essential oil for a pleasant scent and additional antibacterial properties.

3. Shake well to mix the ingredients.

4 Spray the solution onto your yoga mat and wipe it down with a clean cloth.

5. Allow the mat to air dry before rolling it up for storage.

This DIY yoga mat cleaner is a natural and cost-effective way to keep your mat clean and smelling fresh. The white vinegar helps to disinfect and remove any odor- causing bacteria, while the essential oil provides a pleasant scent and additional antibacterial benefits. You can use this cleaner after every yoga practice to maintain a hygienic and comfortable mat surface.

DIY 3: Making your own massage oil is a great way to customize the scent and ingredients to your preferences.

Here is a simple recipe for a DIY massage oil:

Ingredients:

• 1/2 cup carrier oil (such as sweet almond, jojoba, or coconut oil)

• 5-10 drops of essential oil (such as lavender, peppermint, or eucalyptus)

Instructions:

1. In a small bowl, mix the carrier oil and essential oil together.

2. Stir the mixture until the essential oil is evenly distributed.

3. Transfer the mixture to a small, dark coloured glass bottle with a dropper top

4. Label the bottle with the date and ingredients.

To use, simply apply a small amount of the massage oil to your skin and massage it in with gentle circular motions. The carrier oil will provide a smooth glide and nourish your skin, while the essential oil will provide a pleasing scent and additional benefits. You can also experiment with different carrier oils and essential oils to find your favorite combination.

Here’s a simple DIY aromatherapy diffuser recipe:

Materials:

• Small glass jar with a lid

• Bamboo skewer or reed diffuser sticks

• Carrier oil (such as sweet almond or fractionated coconut oil)

• Essential oils (such as lavender, peppermint, or eucalyptus)

Instructions:

1. Fill the glass jar halfway with carrier oil.

2. Add 10-20 drops of essential oil to the carrier oil and stir to combine.

3. Insert the bamboo skewer or reed diffuser sticks into the jar and arrange them in a fan shape

4. Allow the diffuser to sit for a few hours to allow the oil to soak into the skewer or sticks.

5 Flip the skewer or sticks over so that the other end is now in the oil.

To use, simply place the DIY aromatherapy diffuser in a well-ventilated area and enjoy the pleasant aroma You can also adjust the number of skewers or sticks based on the size of the room and your scent preferences. Replenish the oil and flip the skewers or sticks every few days to keep the aroma fresh.

DIY 4: Making your own aromatherapy diffuser is a fun and easy way to enjoy the benefits of essential oils in your home or office.

D E P E N D E N C E

Twitter:- @Dactoristic

Instagram:- @med.memeswallah

Memes by:- Parth Panchal NHL MMC, Ahmedabad

By:- Anshdeep Saluja

servation, or the process ng biological materials at y low temperatures, has subject of interest for .The goal of ervation is to preserve sues, and even whole s for extended periods , with the hope of y being able to bring ck to life or use them for research. .

n, including the use of ectants are substances zen in order to protect it ng the freezing process. of ice that forms, as well peratures.

vation. One common aterial is gradually ws time for the cryoprotectants to be absorbed and for the material to become more resistant to ice crystal formation Another method is vitrification, in which the biological material is cooled so rapidly that no ice crystals are able to form This method has the potential to be more successful at preserving delicate materials, such as cells and tissues, but it requires more advanced equipment and is generally more expensive

Cooling techniques also play a role in cryopreservation. One common method is slow freezing, in which the biological material is gradually cooled over several hours or even days. This allows time for the cryoprotectants to be absorbed and for the material to become more resistant to ice crystal formation. Another method is vitrification, in which the biological material is cooled so rapidly that no ice crystals are able to form. This method has the potential to be more successful at preserving delicate materials, such as cells and tissues, but it requires more advanced equipment and is generally more expensive.

One potential application of cryopreservation is in the field of medical research. Scientists have been able to successfully cryopreserve and later revive a variety of cells and tissues, including skin, blood vessels, and even entire organs This has the potential to revolutionize organ transplantation, as it would allow organs to be stored and transported more easily, potentially saving the lives of countless individuals.

Another area of interest in cryopreservation is the concept of cryonic suspension, or the freezing of a whole organism in the hopes of being able to bring it back to life at a later date. While this idea may seem far-fetched, it has gained a significant following among some individuals who believe that it may be possible to achieve immortality through cryopreservation. However, this approach remains highly controversial, as it is not yet clear whether it is possible to successfully cryopreserve and later revive a whole organism.

Despite the potential benefits of cryopreservation, there are also significant challenges and limitations to this technology. One major concern is the potential for damage to the biological material being frozen While cryoprotectants and cooling techniques can help to minimize this damage, there is still a risk of irreparable harm being done. Additionally, the process of cryopreservation is expensive and requires specialized equipment and expertise, which limits its accessibility.

In conclusion, cryopreservation is a complex and rapidly evolving field with the potential to revolutionize various areas of science and medicine. While it has the potential to offer numerous benefits, it also presents significant challenges and limitations. Further research is needed to fully understand the capabilities and limitations of cryopreservation, and to determine the best approaches for preserving biological materials at low temperatures.

Robotic Robotic Surgery Surgery

Medical science has advanced much beyond what we expected. Technology adoption in health care, generally motivated by the potential to improve health outcomes, has also been identified as a significant driver of health care expenditure for most developed countries Robotic Surgery is one such breakthrough in the field of procedural medicine.

In the case of robotically assisted minimally-invasive Surgery, instead of directly moving the instruments, the surgeon uses one of two methods to administer the instruments These include using a direct telemanipulator or through computer control A telemanipulator is a remote manipulator that allows the surgeon to perform the normal movements associated with the Surgery. The robotic arms carry out those movements using end- effectors and manipulators to perform the actual Surgery. In computer-controlled systems, the surgeon uses a computer to control the robotic arms and their end-effectors, though these systems can also still use telemanipulators for their input.

A surgical robot is a computercontrolled device programmed to aid the positioning and manipulation of surgical instruments Surgical robotics is typically used in laparoscopy rather than open surgical approaches. Since the 1980s, surgical robots have been developed to address the limitations of laparoscopy, including two-dimensional visualization, incomplete articulation of instruments, and ergonomic constraints.

Surgical robotics was first used in 1985 in neurosurgery; applications soon followed in urology and orthopaedics. First robot-assisted Surgery was done in 1985 The PUMA 560 was used to orient a needle for a brain biopsy under computerized tomography guidance Robot-assisted Surgery was extended to urology in 1988, orthopaedics in 1992, and gynaecology in 1999. Finally, a Robot-assisted laparoscopic camera holder was introduced in 1994. Since then Robotic Surgery has been extended to involve almost every Surgery of any body organ.

Available robotic surgery systems include:

1. The robotic camera holder (AESOP)

2.An immersive telerobotic surgical system (e.g., da Vinci)

3.Open remote-control stations (e.g., Senhance or Versius).

The Versius system is available in the United Kingdom and is undergoing FDA trials in the United States

The major advantages of Robotic Surgery over conventional Surgery are:-

Superior visualization –A robotic system affords a 3D vision while allowing rapid zooming and panning of the camera. The newer systems have enhanced visualization with automatic white balancing, calibration, and focus

Mechanical improvements – A fulcrum effect is created when rigid conventional instruments pass through the incision. When an instrument is introduced into a trocar, the abdominal wall is the fulcrum. When a surgeon ' s hand moves in one direction, the instrument moves in the opposite direction If a patient is obese, more torque is placed on an instrument, and the rigid smaller calibre instruments, such as laparoscopes, may fracture. Robotic instruments are less likely to break; This is because all robotic instruments are 8 mm wide and attached to the robotic arms, which in turn are attached to the robotic cannulas (trocars)

Stabilization of instruments within the surgical field – In conventional laparoscopy, small movements by the surgeon are amplified (including errors or hand tremors). Robotassisted Surgery minimizes surgeon tremors.

Improved ergonomics for the operating surgeon – Having the surgeon be seated while using telerobotic systems provides significant ergonomic benefits, particularly when compared with open abdominal Surgery.

Limitations of robotic surgery — The limitations of robotic technology include:

Additional surgical training.

Increased costs and operating room time.

Bulkiness of the devices.

Instrumentation cost and limited uses for instrumentation

Lack of haptics (tactile feedback)

Risk of mechanical failure

Training and credentialing standards have not yet been established for robotic surgeons Robotic training programs have become part of many surgical residency and fellowship programs, but such training is not standardized.

Surgeons should set up three robotic cases after scheduled training in an animal laboratory at various robotictraining centres so they can immediately implement the training and reinforce what they learned in the animal or cadaver laboratory Trainees must also pass five online training modules to obtain a certificate that documents their training experience.

In nutshell, Major obstacles to the clinical use of robots are cost, training of physicians and nursing teams, and lack of outcome data. But There is no doubt that robotic technology is fulfilling its promise to allow both generalists and subspecialists to gain competence in complex laparoscopic procedures.

Article by — Sugandh Goyal MBBS Batch:- 2020 AIIMS, Rishikesh

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN CREATING POSITIVE CLIMATIC CHANGE

By:- Eivranpreet

Inflation is a worldwide problem, and it's one that is being severely impacted by climate change. This is because the increased frequency and severity of extreme weather events drive up prices for food, energy, and other necessities. But there is hope: AI can help us fight climate change by reducing emissions, improving energy efficiency, and increasing the use of renewable energy sources. Therefore, the Green transition is a key pillar in fighting inflation, and AI is an important tool in this effort

Therefore, a new framework for climate AI is vital to focus the debate on investments and innovation in space. "To effectively address the underlying drivers and risks of our excessive reliance on fossil fuels, we need to embrace a mosaic of innovative solutions AI sits at the center of that mosaic and is already contributing to massively increased transparency, faster gains in efficient power generation and storage, and a renewed confidence in large-scale investments,” states James Hodson, CEO of AI for Good Foundation.

Mitigation and fundamentals are critical to our efforts to combat climate change, but adaptability and resilience are necessary for ensuring that people and the economy can withstand the effects of climate change today True resiliency will require us to take a systems-level view of the world and use AI to help us identify risks, vulnerabilities and potential disruptions when it comes to climate change. We must also build the capacity and capabilities to respond rapidly to these threats and create resilient architecture

Macro-level measurement: Overall environmental emissions are a crucial component of models that project future climates. AI may aid such models by improving measures, for example, or scanning remote-sensing data from satellites for further analysis.

Micro-level measurement: Producers can use micro-level emissions measurements to understand the carbon footprints of their products, track their progress towards ESG targets, or identify opportunities to reduce scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions. Consumers can use this information to make more informed choices about the products they purchase and their actions to reduce their carbon footprints.

Reduction

The global climatic emergency necessitates accelerating efforts to reduce current emissions and their resulting Green House Gas consequences. Immediate and ambitious mitigation measures are essential for averting the most catastrophic consequences of climate change. There are three components to reduction: Reduction of GHG emissions intensity: AI solutions can be used to support the switch toward new energy sources. Supply forecasting for solar energy can help us identify areas where there is potential for increasing the use of solar energy, thus reducing GHG emissions.

Reducing Emissions-Generating Activities: AI can also reduce emissions by optimizing supply chains through improved demand prediction (to combat overproduction) or efficient transportation of goods (such as shortening delivery times and minimizing energy use). This can be done using data to generate models that predict demand or optimize transportation routes.

Reduction of greenhouse effects: If policymakers turn towards geoengineering solutions to curtail the effects of climate change, AI will be an essential tool for accelerating chemistry research and can help us to develop new materials and processes that result in less greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, encouraging behavioral change can reduce energy consumption and lower emissions.

Removal

Removing greenhouse gasses from the atmosphere is one way to mitigate climate change. This can be done by natural processes, such as increased photosynthesis by trees, or by technological means, such as carbon capture and storage. There are two main types of removal:

Environmental removal: Natural ecosystems such as forests, algae, and wetlands play a central role in atmospheric carbon removal. Monitoring these ecosystems requires gathering and processing large amounts of data, a situation in which AI is very effective.

Technological removal: Environmental removal can be complemented with industrial processes, but those processes are still at their inception, facing scaling issues. AI would be a strong ally in solving these issues as quickly as possible. Having solidified the Mitigation portion of the framework, we now need to focus on the Adaptation side.

Cryopreservation, as we know, basically means the maintenance and preservation of vitality of biological constructs, be it organs, cells or structures,byloweringthetemperatures to extremely low levels. We, as medical students, are oftentimes exposed to the concept of cryopreservation. It could be preserving the cornea, or blood samples;organsfordonationandmore!

In principle though, cryopreservation is not simply freezing the tissues The reason for this is that simple cooling or freezing for a long time will result in ice crystal formation, osmotic shock, and membranedamageduringfreezingand thawing causes cell death. The freezing behaviour of the cells can be altered in the presence of a cryoprotective agent (CPA; also called cryoprotectant), which affects the rates of water transport, nucleation,andicecrystalgrowth.

Since ancient times, it has been known that biological material can be preserved longer at low temperatures. The ability to reliably generate the extremelylowtemperaturesrequiredfor long-term preservation, typically below 100 °C, came with the development of cryogenictechnologiesattheturnofthe twentieth century. The modern cryopreservationoflivingsystems,inthe sense of biotechnology, can be traced to the discovery of the first effective cryoprotective agents (CPAs), otherwise knownas“cryoprotectants”,inthe1940s. CPAs act to reduce the aforementioned damage via a number of actions, many of which have not yet been fully identified. Some main effects are those of reducing the concentration of electrolytes and also reducing ice formation by hydrogen bonding with water molecules to prevent them from bondingtoicecrystals

Current applications of Cryopreservation include Organ preservation and banking, tissue and cell banking, fertility solutions, stem cell preservation, and more Cryopreservation has been integral in increasing the life of organs meant for transplantation, and has saved countless lives. Adjunct innovations to cryopreservation have also improved the capability of medical science to prolong the life of organs. This is especially useful in transporting organs, improving their vitality so that the amount of waste of organs and tissues meant for donation is reduced as much aspossible.

Besides the medical applications described above that are already being explored, improved capabilities for artificially lowering the temperature of biologicaltissuecouldhaveasignificant impact in many other fields. For instance, the possibility to gain more time is crucial in emergency medicine. Indeed,moderatestatesofhypothermia are common in clinical practice Along those lines, therapeutic hypothermia has been associated with beneficial outcomes in patients following out-ofhospital cardiac arrest. While lowering temperaturesisatechniquecurrentlyin practise, more research is required to institutionalise this technique in common day to day practise. In a more out-of-this-world approach, cryopreservation techniques can also havemajorimpactonspacetravel!

Cryopreservation is an interdisciplinary endeavour between medicine, biology, bioinformatics, chemistry and physics. The main challenges still to overcome are scaling up current methods to larger volumes and complex tissues. The larger the organ, or tissue volumes to be vitrified, correspondingly more timeisrequiredtocoolandwarmthe organ. The challenges in cryobiology are not insurmountable Future research will focus on ever more complex ways to prevent ice formation and mitigate cryoprotectant toxicity; novel cryoprotectants which exert disproportionately large cryoprotective effects compared to theirconcentration,insilicomolecular modelling, and enhanced understanding of the processes that occur during cryopreservation will all be employed. In a nutshell, cryopreservation is an exciting, new realm which can have many more impactsonmedicalpractise,andcan improve critical care Put in an amorous way, freezing death can extendlife.

Clinicaldecision-makingsupport,riskstratification, genomics, imaging and diagnosis, precision medicine, and drug discovery are all areas where AI is playing an increasingly essential role as a result of recent advances in medicine. Early techniques in artificial intelligence in surgery concentrated on feature identification and computer-assisted intervention for both preoperative planning and intra-operative guidance, with their roots firmly planted in imaging and navigation. Simply said, AI is gradually altering surgical procedures because of developments in imaging,navigation,androboticintervention.

Overthecourseofthelastdecade,therehasbeena significantriseinthenumberofsurgicalprocedures that make use of robotic equipment. The use of robotic surgery has become increasingly commonplaceinavarietyofsurgicalspecialties,

including general surgery, urology, and gynaecology. Recent research has started looking into the possibility of employing robotic technology in the field of spine surgery Fixationofthespinethroughtheplacementofpediclescrewsisacommon requirement for surgical operations involving the spine. This is a task that could potentially benefit from the utilisation of robotic technology. When it comes to the placement of pedicle screws, there is minimal room for error because improper placement of the screws might result in major consequences such as harm to the nervoussystemorthebloodvessels Roboticspinesurgeryisbecomingincreasingly popular, and technological improvements in this area mirror an increasing drive to improve patient safety and outcomes. Interest in minimally invasive spine surgery hasalsocontributedtoroboticadvancementsinceroboticguidingsystemsarewell suitedtothistypeofsurgery.

Themanagementofspinaldiseasesfrequentlynecessitatestheinsertionofpedicle screws.Techniquesforpediclescrewpositioningwereinitiallypublishedinthelate 1950s, and they have undergone numerous adaptations and methodological breakthroughs since then. The description of open and percutaneous approaches employing a variety of guided techniques is among these advancements.Pedicle screw implantation has emerged as a key prospect for robotics in spine surgery. Pediclescrewmisalignmentcanresultinsignificantneurovascularproblems,which can contribute to poor results and necessitate reoperation. Accurate screw placement is thus critical for avoiding iatrogenic problems and improving surgical results.

Thepreciseoperatingtechniqueandsurgicalworkflowwilldifferdependingonthe robotic system used. The widespread use of robotic devices for pedicle screw placement must be accompanied by safe and dependable precision. The Gertzbein-Robbins classification system is the most widely utilised in the literature. The accuracy of pedicle screw placement utilising robotic devices has been reported to be typically high, with rates as high as 94%- 98%. The literature on the accuracyofroboticallyimplantedpediclescrewsversustraditionalopenfreehand procedures is equivocal. Some studies have found that robotically aided pedicle screwplacementislessaccurate.Inonerandomisedcontrolledtrial,93%ofpedicle screwsinsertedfreehandwereGertzbein-RobbinsAorB,comparedto85%ofthose placedwiththeROSASpineAssistrobot.

Robotic systems are now widely used across the United States and in a variety of surgical subspecialties. However, it is still not widely used in developing nations such as India. This cutting-edge technology is permeating the field of spine surgery. These technologies have the potential to improve screw insertion accuracy, reduce operative time, and reduce radiation exposure. However, there is a steep learning curve,andmanytechnologicalaspectsofthese systems are always being reviewed in order to increase operational efficiency and satisfy theseobjectives.Maintainingclinicalparitywith established screw placement procedures, such as freehand screw placement and other forms of navigation, will be critical for broader adoptionofthesedevicesinourarea.

article by-

Sweta Sahu

DIGITAL IMMORTALITY

It was a random weekend when I had just finished my post end and it was scorching hot to even think of stepping outside my room 20 minutes post binge watching, I was appalled with what seemed like the most groundbreaking technologyLife after Death After a brief look up on the web, I realized that the whole plot was not just a cinematic liberty but an existing phenomenon. Apparently, it all started with a chatbot that was developed by a son after his father was diagnosed with stage 4 lung cancer.

For months, Vlahos recorded his dying dad’s life stories, then turned them into an interactive AI that speaks in his father's voice. Even today, his dad talks with him via a conversational chatbot called Dadbot

How far would the nature of permanence stay relevant? If AI is meant to tangentially take away anguish of the bereaved, would it not in turn make them lose the gravity of life?

A professor of philosophy who played an integral role in the development of a program in an interview said, “Programs are designed so that artificial reconstructions of the deceased even say the kinds of things that they based on past records would have tended to say If an artificial intelligence program gains access to large amounts of text and voice and video of the deceased, we might even be able to have “conversations” with them in which they feel almost like our familiar old friends, with the same quirks and inflections and favorite phrases.”

This chatbot paved way to an exceedingly high number of companies to “recreate and reinvent remembrance” by using Artificial Intelligence. The desire to bring the deceased loved one “back to life” is understandable a a motivation and helps to explai these companies and their potential

The most notable of these companies is Neuralink that was founded by Elon Musk. This company strives to create brain computer interfaces connecting the human brain to computers which can decipher neural signals. These devices are planned to induce “superhuman cognition” which could significantly revolutionise the digital immortality by decoding not just the cognition of a person but also the hormonal signals of the body which are deeply linked to provoking an emotional response thereby perfecting the operating system of AI.

I remember an anecdote that was narrated to us back in school about how we value a person’s presence only in their absence which forms the basis of the grief that the inevitable nature of death can inflict upon a person

But with the interpolation of digital immortality by AI, how far would the nature of permanence stay relevant? If AI is meant to tangentially take away anguish of the bereaved, would it not in turn make them lose the gravity of life? Barring all the core ethical values associated, would it not possibly dampen the quality of our relationships, the way we view our lives?

As fascinating as this sounds, there are several notions attached to it which can only be explored after it’s successfully established a world where death would just be another page of one’s life.

ARTICLE BY: AKASH KHAIRAJANI

AI Mediated Drug Discovery And Development

article by-

Sweta Sahu

The pharmaceutical business has undergone a transformation that is nothing short of revolutionary as a direct result of the integration of artificial intelligence into drug discovery and development. This has resulted in an acceleration of the sector's overall growth In this article, we will explore areas of integration, tools and approaches used in the enforcement of AI, current obstacles, and potential solutions to those challenges. In the pharmaceutical industry, data digitization has increased dramatically in recent years However, the difficulty of gathering, evaluating, and utilising knowledge to solve complicated healthcare problems arises with digitalization. This encourages the adoption of AI, which can manage massive amounts of data with greater automation AI is a technology-based system that use a variety of advanced tools and networks to simulate human intellect. At the same time, it does not threaten to totally replace human physical presence. AI employs systems and software that can read and learn from input data in order to make independent judgments for achieving certain goals.

Drug discovery and development are two of the most important translational scientific activities that contribute to human health and well-being. However, developing a novel medicine is a hard, costly, and time-consuming procedure. The combination of artificial intelligence (AI) with new experimental technologies is intended to improve the search for novel drugs faster, cheaper, and more effective.

In spite of its many benefits, artificial intelligence (AI) is currently confronted with a number of significant data challenges, including the scale, growth, diversity, and uncertainty of the data. The data sets that pharmaceutical companies have available for drug development can involve millions of compounds, and the traditional ML tools that are used may not be able to handle the complexity of this type of data. A computational model that is based on the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) can quickly predict large numbers of compounds or simple physicochemical parameters like log P or log D On the other hand,

these models are a long way from being able to predict more complicated biological properties, such as the efficacy and adverse effects of compounds In addition, models that are based on QSAR are plagued by issues such as having insufficiently large training sets, having experimental data in training sets that is inaccurate, and not having sufficient experimental validations. The recently developed AI approaches, such as deep learning (DL) and relevant modelling studies, which can be implemented for safety and efficacy evaluations of drug molecules based on modelling and analysis of big data, can help overcome the challenges that have been presented here. Various AI tools are being used to aid in all four stages of the drug development process (basic research for drug discovery; pre-clinical phase; clinical phase; and postmarketing).

Identifying molecular targets, searching for hit and lead compounds, synthesising drug-like compounds, and predicting ADME-Tox are some of the main tasks where AI has proven useful. On the one hand, this review brings a mathematical vision of some of the key AI methods used in drug development closer to medicinal chemists, while on the other hand, it brings the drug development process and the use of various models closer to mathematicians The emphasis is on two aspects that are not covered in other surveys: Bayesian approaches and their applications to molecular modelling, and the eventual final use of the methods to support decisions.

GYNECOLOGICAL ROBOTIC SURGERY: THE FUTURE

Outline

Roboticsurgeryisthenextstepinprocessof transhumanism. Currently, both benign and malignant gynaecological treatments involve robotic surgery. In terms of post-operative hospitalstays,robot-assistedsurgeryisvastly superior to open surgery; however, the difference is less pronounced in the case of laparoscopicprocedure.

Oneofthemostamazingdevelopmentsin how we will perform surgeries in the futureistheintroductionofrobothelpin the field of gynaecological surgery, more specifically the advent of the Da Vinci SurgicalSystem.TheDaVinciSystemwas initiallycreatedbytheStanfordResearch Institute and the defence department to allow surgeons working remotely from the battlefield to perform telesurgery on injured soldiers However, in modern robotic surgery, the surgeon does the procedure while seated close to the patient (often in the same operating room), using an ergonomic console to monitor the surgical site in 3D and control wristed laparoscopic tools using mastersandfootpedals

Three parts make up the Da Vinci Surgical System: a surgeon's console, a patient-side cartwithfourroboticarmsthatthesurgeon controls (one to operate the camera and three to operate the tools), and a highdefinition three- dimensional (3D) vision system. Robotic arms with articulating surgical tools affixed on them are inserted into the body via cannula. This quickly developing technique is becoming more popular as a complement to laparoscopic surgery and an alternative to the open procedure. In the last six years, there has been a significant uptake of robot-assisted laparoscopicsurgery Basedonearlyresults from myomectomy and hysterectomy procedures at the University of Michigan, theUSFDAinitiallyapprovedthedevicefor gynaecologicaldiseasesin2005

The use of robotics in gynaecology today includes procedures including hysterectomy,myomectomy,oophorectomy, and ovarian cystectomy as well as procedures to remove endometriosis, perform sacrocolpopexy, and perform lymphadenectomy

Roboticsurgerymayresultinasmallerestimatedbloodloss.Duetodifferencesinsurgeons' levels of experience, the findings regarding postoperative time have been uneven Robotic systems'mainflawsarealackoftactileinputandheftyinstallationandmaintenanceexpenses. Althoughroboticsurgeryprovidesaquickerrecoverytimeandpermitseasydissectionandfine suturing, further randomised controlled studies are required to determine whether it should replacetraditionalgynaecologicaloperations

Roboticsystembenefitsanddownsides

Ithasbeennotedthatminimallyinvasiveprocedureshaveadvantagesoveropenones, includingshorterpost-operativehospitalstays,anticipatedbloodlossthatislower,and lower patient morbidity It allows for a three-dimensional (3D) vision, improving the surgicalfieldpresentationandgivingsurgicalinstrumentssevendegreesoffreedom.It enables tremor-free instrument handling, which improves the surgery's precision and dexterity, enables finer suturing and tissue dissection of difficult-to-reach tissues, and lessens job weariness for the surgeon, particularly during lengthy and complex procedures AllofthetrocarscanmakeuseofopticsinvariedwayswiththeDaVinciXi In contrast to laparoscopy, robotic surgery has been criticised for utilising larger trocars; this has recently been fixed by using smaller trocars, leading to smaller scars andhenceitisbettercosmetically.Lesspostoperativepainandlessneedforanalgesics alsoaddfeathertothecap

Theroboticsystem'sdisadvantagesincludeitsexpensiveinstallationandmaintenance costs, long running hours, particularly at first, and extra docking and learning curve time To deal with robotic technology, doctors and nursing staff need to have proper training.

Advantages Disadvantages

Ergonomic

Intuitive handling of instruments

3D optics without additional equipment.

7 degrees of freedom.Faster learning curve

High cost of disposable materials and its maintenance.

Absence of tactile feedback

Faster learning curve.

Digital networking.

Dual console Integrated fluorescence visualization (Firefly® System*)

Roboticsurgeryforbenigngynaecologicalconditions

Additional learning curve.

Additional time for docking.

Mostgynaecologicalillnessescanbetreatedwithroboticsurgery.Butgivenitshighprice,itis unlikelytobeusedfrequentlytotreatbenigngynaecologicaldisorders However,inorderto treatbenigngynaecologicaldisorderswithrobot-assistedsurgery,numerouscutting-edge approachesmustbedeveloped Tableillustratesmanyapplicationsofroboticsurgeryfor benigngynaecologicaldiseases.

Condition

Endometriosis

Commonly used robot-assisted surgical procedure

Total abdominal hysterectomy

Uterine fibroids/leiomyoma Myomectomy

Pelvic organ prolapse Sacrocolpopexy

Re-fertilization

Fallopian tube reanastomosis

Abnormal uterine bleeding, Pelvic pain Hysterectomy

Roboticsurgeryformalignantgynaecologicalconditions Roboticsurgeryisincreasinglybeingusedformalignantgynaecologicalconditions.The prospectiveapplicationsofroboticsurgeryformalignantgynaecologicaldisordersare showninthefollowingtable.

Malignant condition

Cervical cancer

Endometrial cancer

Lymphadenectomy and sentinel biopsy (dye and fluorescence)

Ovarian Cancer

Conclusion

Commonly used robot-assisted surgical procedure

Radical hysterectomy, total mesometrial resection (TMMR).

Hysterectomy, peritoneal mesometrial resection (PMMR).

Pelvic lymphadenectomy, paraaortic lymphadenectomy

Staging of early ovarian carcinoma

Thetransitionfromopensurgerytominimallyinvasivesurgerymaybeaidedbythe3D magnifiedsurgicalfield,improvedergonomics,tremor-freehandling,sevendegreesof freedom,andthedelicatedissectionandsuturingprovidedbyroboticsurgery

Roboticsurgeryismoreeffectivethanopenandlaparoscopicsurgeryintreatingbothbenignand malignantgynaecologicaldisordersinanumberofways,includingestimatedbloodlossthatis lower,shorterhospitalstaysfollowingsurgery,andlowerintraoperativeandpostoperative problems.Ontheotherhand,theresultsforsurgerytimesareuneven,andthismaybebecause differentsurgeonshavedifferentlevelsofexperience.Althoughthecostofroboticsurgeryisnow high,theentryofothermanufacturerswillsignificantlyaltertheeconomicscenario.Therobotic methodisasupplementtotraditionallaparoscopicsurgery,notareplacementforit

By Paarth Bajaj

References

1.SinhaR,SanjayM,RupaB,KumariS.Roboticsurgeryingynecology.JMinimAccessSurg.2015JanMar;11(1):50-9.doi:10.4103/0972-9941.147690.

2.ChandrakarI,PajaiS,ToshniwalS(October21,2022)RoboticSurgery:TheFutureofGynaecology.Cureus 14(10):e30569.doi:10.7759/cureus.30569

ACTIVITIES AMSA

Menstrual Hygiene

Along with our long time partner, Indian Development Foundation, PHRD of AMSA India conducted a session on menstrual hygiene at KJ Somaiya Junior Girls College

The event was a great success. The girls were educated about their menstrual health, correct and hygienic use of menstrual products and a lot of taboos were also shunned away.

The Public Health & Research Department of AMSA India initiated the donation drive at SGRD, Amritsar, which was led by College Head, Ishleen Kaur. Woollens, toys, blankets and monetary donations of more than ₹30,000 were made by the students and faculty.

Our volunteers curated ration kits containing all basic necessities- rice, wheat, sugar etc. for the nearby village and distributed all the items to the less fortunate. The event was featured in the local newspaper.

Donation drive

PHRD of AMSA India celebrated Christmas at Jorim Children

Home in Himachal. All items collected by Pallavi Rao, College Head of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College during the Christmas Fundraiser were distributed.

The Public Health & Research Department (PH&RD) of AMSA India conducted primary health camps in collaboration with Child Rights & You (CRY). These camps were mainly aimed at nutritional screening and mental health screening along with EDUCATING the families about appropriate ways to take care of the nutritional needs and mental healthcare needs of their children. We successfully screened hundreds of children through these camps.

What is AMSEP?

Asian Medical Students Exchange Programme is a perennial exchange program that operates by drafting bilateral contracts with countries from all over Asia.

It has 3 pillars, like all AMSA events - Academics, Socioculturals and Community Service.

AMSEP is unique in that it gives a more personalized, affordable and memorable means to travel and learn and give back to society.

This year, AMSEP India has signed up multiple contracts, both physical and virtual!

Delegates have already been recruited for AMSEP Taiwan.

The applications for AMSEP Malaysia are also closed.

We will soon be opening calls fo AMSEP Th il d and revealing more countries of

Address from DoAMSEP

Greetings from AMSEP India,

The magnificent subcontinent of India is known to encourage its citizens to embrace their rich heritage while also working at the forefront in scientific advancements. So its influence at a global level knows no bounds.

AMSEP India aims to capture this spirit through the insightful academic events and community service programs, that have been designed to provide delegates with a scope of greater commitment to their devotion for the medical sciences, while also enhancing themselves culturally.

With the pandemic restraints getting relaxed, we intend to commence the medical student Exchanges in a physical form once again, as a willful step towards strengthening the past legacies and adapting to change!

If you desire an opportunity to take your stance as a global citizen responsible for sustainable development and global health, while traveling far and enjoying unforgettable festivals and feasts, we are looking forward to associating with you

Empowering Minds, Enhancing Performances!

Dr. Freya Kankhara Director, AMSEP India, 2022-23

In order to kick start the Physical hosting and train the AMSA Members in the art of hosting offline events such as AMSEP Exchanges or other interna events and conferences, a capacity building session was held.

Physical events 101

The A to Z of the Logistics involved in planning an event were discussed at length in an interactive session.

Topics covered:

1. Deciding the academic theme and workshops

2. Inculcating Research in AMSEP

3. Community service planning

4. Graphic designing and promotions

5. Logistics of a national/international level event

6. How to provide good hospitality

The National AMSEP Board consists of a vivacious DoAMSEP and 7 incredibly motivated National Officers.

Workings of AMSEP

The National Board holds weekly meetings with the Local AMSEP Board of several universities of India in preparation for hosting the foreign delegates.

JSSMC, Mysore

SGRD Institute of medical sciences, Amritsar

Lady Hardinge Medical College, Delhi

AIIMS,Patna

INTERNATIONAL CONTRACT MEETING

They say, “traveling is like therapy” and more so for medical students. But often, the students lack the means, the time and the courage to plan out an extensive trip themselves. That’s where AMSEP steps in.

The AMSEP India team is comprised of wildly adventurous and inquisitive members who take joy in trip planning and aspire to bring student exchange within hands reach of the Indian medical students.

Here is a glimpse of the exchange contract meetings held with the countries of exchange.

AMSEP India x Malaysia

India x Thailand

AMSEP India x Taiwan

Be sure to follow amsep india on Instagram for updates and stay tuned about our other upcoming exchange opportunities.

Contact us if you are interested in hosting an AMSEP in your college amsepindianatioanlteam@gmail.com

AMSEP