Improving crop quality by growing indoor Dr. CĂŠline Nicole Signify Research
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November 01, 2013
_Sector
Confidential
Philips Lighting is now Signify
Global Challenges Growing Population
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Vertical Farming Solutions Extremely efficient farming, high yield
Urbanization
Efficient use of space
Availability of Water
>90% reduction in water use
Food safety
No Pesticides, No Pollution
Food accessibility
Grown Locally
March 2, 2015
Philips Horticulture LED Solutions / City Farming
Vertical farming architecture
control & data climate
lighting
crop irrigation
sensors logistics
GrowWise Research Center Eindhoven (NL) Growth Recipe:
A knowledge-based instruction on how to use the right settings for climate and lighting conditions.
Light factors affecting plants: •
Light intensity
•
Light photoperiod
•
Light spectrum
Photosynthesis
Photomorphogenesis Flowering Pigments Stomatal opening
Philips GrowWise center Eindhoven
Examples Coloration Health - nutrition Taste Shelf life
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Click icon to add picture
Examples Coloration Health - nutrition Taste Shelf life
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Quality versus Yield
Lollo rosso
Lettuce from Rijk Zwaan b.v.
Red Salanova
Red Oak
Click icon to add picture
Coloration Anthocyanin
Research hypothesis: Temperature stress Color analysis
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Light stress : Blue – UV
Coloration Results Click icon to add picture
Nicole CCS et al, 2016
Dynamic light recipe strategy is best for high yield and good coloration of lettuce
Examples Coloration
Health - nutrition Taste Shelf life
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Click icon to add picture
Nitrate • Leafy vegetables such as lettuces and spinach are high in Nitrate. • Health concern. • EU regulation + Retail requirements
Research hypothesis: – Nitrate accumulation = low light level – Optimized photosynthesis light spectrum – Minimize nitrate in irrigation – Pre-harvest light recipe to accelerate nitrate reductase
Effect of light on Nitrate mg/kg 18h
24h
24h
3500 3000
a a
2500
b
2000
16h
24h
b
3000
5000
2500
1000
500
500
0
0
24h
13h
24h
13h
24h
4000
2000
1000
W
13h
24h 6000
1500
RW-Pre RW-Pre R RW-Pre B W-Pre Red-Pre Blue-Pre
16h
3500
1500
RW
24h
3000 2000 1000 0
DR HB RBRB
Pre DR HB RB RB - Pre Pre
DRW WRW
Pre DRW W RW - Pre Pre
RW WRW Pre - Pre W
RB Blue-Pre RB Pre RWFr RWFr Pre RB WFr WFr Pre
Conclusions: If photosynthesis is successful, light spectrum will play a minor role in final nitrate content
Effect of light on vitamin C 24h
13h
24h
13h
a
Vitamin C (mg.kg-1)
RWFr
RWFr Pre
d
e
1250 f
24h
b
c
1500
13h
1000 750 500 250
Vitamic C mg/kg
0
RW
700
RW Pre
RB
RB Pre
640
600 500
453
437
441
RW pre
RB
RB pre
400 300 200 100 0
RW
Nicole CCS et al, 2017 submitted
Examples Coloration Health - nutrition
Taste Shelf life
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Taste Basic sugars, acids and volatiles
Research hypothesis: ďƒ˜ Light influences the production of secondary metabolites/volatiles ďƒ˜ UVB accelerate volatiles biosynthesis
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Volatiles • Taste is a matter of cultivar but also light
VOCs concentration (ppm g-1)
1.20
LED recipe White light
1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00
Emily
Marian
Rosie Cultivar
Edwina
Eowyn
Taste of Arugula (rocket) Significant taste perception differences were observed with Arugula grown under different light qualities. Sweetness
L1 L2 L3 L4
Flavour
Bitterness Nicole CCS et al, 2017 submitted
Examples Coloration Health - nutrition Taste
Shelf life
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9 6 Shelf life : OVQ 1
O ve ra l v is u a l q u a lity
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Shelf life 26
31
10
RW
RB
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Days in storage at 4 °C
10
Overall visual quality
RB
20 24 26
9
RW
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Days in storage at 4 °C 22
DRB
Philips Lighting Research
40
45
50
55
Lettuce shelf life
Shelf life test are being done at the moment and are showing some differences depending on climate, pre-harvest conditions, climate and light condition at harvest and post-harvest handling. Light level before harvest is very important for shelf life and overall visual quality.
Hig h
Medium
Low
Min et al, unpublished
Lettuce shelf life @ 10 °C
Light x 2 Same light Light  5 Min et al, unpublished
Changing the growth light level 5 days before harvest significantly affect the shelf life of lettuce. A higher light level before harvest improves several days the shelf life when lettuce stored at 10 deg C.
Conclusions ďƒź Vertical farming enables control of all the growth parameters ďƒź Yield, Quality and Nutrient are controlled
this is a revolution in food production Eating fresh, locally grown, healthy vegetables, pesticides free, all year long will transform the food chain and impact human health
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Signify horticulture LED solutions Thijs van den Bergh Jarno Mooren Roel Janssen Ellis Janssen-van Boxtel Blake Lange Danielle Smits-van Tuijl Pascal van Megen
Breeders
November 01, 2013
_Sector
Dorthe Larsen Qianxixi Min Iris van der Sterren Joris Huskens Filippos Charalambous Nikos Ntagkas
Prof. Leo Marcelis Prof. Ernst Woltering Prof. Wim van Ieperen Dr. J. Verdonk Dr. F. Troost
Rijk Zwaan Enza Zaden Hem zaden
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WUR/Maastricht/HAS
Confidential