Developing the ideal city farm architecture: key learnings on multilayer growing from Philips GrowWise Center
Thijs van den Berg Philips Horticulture LED Solutions Plant specialist city farming
Internal
Philips Lighting is now Signify
Internal
Active in horticultural lighting since 1936
Internal
Philips Lighting Horticulture LED Solutions
Vegetables & fruits
Floriculture
City farming
Other
High wire vegetables Leafy vegetables Herbs Soft fruits
Cut flowers Potted plants Perennials Annuals
Leafy vegetables Herbs Soft fruits
Tissue culture Research
Internal
Philips Lighting - Confidential
Agro-Inwest, Russia Internal
Internal
Porta nova, The Netherlands
CITY CITY FARMING FARMING Case Case study study 2016 2016 Ecobain Ecobain Gardens Gardens Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada Canada
“We want to build cost
effective, smart,productive farms to safely service a massive void we have in our food system.”
Brian Bain Founder and CEO Ecobain Gardens Internal
Hycube certical farm Marriot hotel, Eco Convergence Group, Orlando
Internal
CITY CITY FARMING FARMING Case Case study study 2016 2016 Innovatus Innovatus Inc. Inc. Fuji Fuji City, City, Japan Japan
“From the start I believed in the potential of LEDs and had the greatest confidence in Philips’ know-how” Hitoshi Wada Director of management and general affairs Internal
Internal
Our approach • Business Development – Translate your needs & requirements into a solution approach – Profit/payback calculations – Help get funding/export finance support – Help with financing through Philips Capital • Plant Expert – Knowledge of light & plants, recipes – Experience in many field tests worldwide – Cooperate with Universities & plant institutes • Application Engineer – Technical GreenPower LED Knowledge – Light Plans, Installation advice and support – Work with HortiLED installation partners – Can measure and certify your installation 11
Internal
Cityfarm Architecture “from LED to lettuce� control & data climate
lighting
crop irrigation
sensors logistics
2
Internal
Plant growth is much more than lighting
Cropping system • Hydroponic • Aeroponic • Hybrid • Gutters (NFT)
Genetics • Varieties and types
Further: pollination, substrates etc
13
Internal
Irrigation • Nutrients • Water • Manual or Automatic • Desinfection
Climate • Temperature • Relative humidity • CO2 • Air speed
Mechanisation • Sowing • Transplanting and spacing • Harvesting • For optimal light use
Growth beyond lighting
control & data climate
lighting
crop sensors
irrigation
logistics
4
Internal
• Maximizing light use efficiency through respacing • Cost benefit analysis on spacing robot • Cropping system and cultural practices • Comparisons of growth efficiencies of different cropping system: • Variety screenings • Differences in tipburn sensitivity • Shelf life • Growth speed • Pollination tests in strawberries • Comparisons of substrate types • Effects of dynamic light recipes • Crop growth modelling and yield prediction • Practical validation in GrowWise / BrightBox / HAS University
Leafy greens
Fragrant herbs
Three KEY topics: • Kg m-2 y-2 or g mole-1 • Shelf life • Mineral nutrient content, vitamins and perceived quality
Internal
Strawberries
High wire crops (with partners)
control & data climate
lighting
crop sensors
irrigation
Highest efficacy in the market on system level Rack design for high photon utilization and reflectivity +25% in yield with reflective ceiling and trays Proven light recipes Quality (coloration, vitamins, nitrate, BRIX) Taste (sweetness, bitterness) Yield (highest grams/MOL)
logistics
Easy to install and connect
Also available as color controllable fixture up to
3.0 μmol/J 35,000
hours lifetime
5
Internal
temperature
outside climate
humidity
climate uniformity
air speed
Air handling and airflow are designed with partner Philips can provide data on energy partitioning: latent vs sensible heat fluxes as depending on crop age Climate recipes Yield ~ temperature Yield ~ Co2 * light 180 RW 180 RB 240 RW 240 RB
CO2 level
Logari thmi c (180 RW) Logari thmi c (180 RB) Logari thmi c (240 RW) Logari thmi c (240 RB)
200
NO perforated walls
Perforated walls IN only
Perforated walls IN & OUT
190
Fres h wei ght (g)
180
Air speed (m/s)
170 160 150 140 130 120 400
P = 1.5 Pa 6
Internal
P = 8.7 Pa
P = 16.9 Pa
600
800
1000
1200
Carbon di oxi de concentration (ppm)
1400
1600
• RED coloration in lettuce • Nitrate control in lettuce and spinach • Vitamin C contents
Internal
Internal
substrate re-spacing
container
logistics processing
addressability
capacity
7
Logistic solution designed with partner Transport to and from growth cells Development of optimal cropping system Effectiveness of re-spacing Automated sowing/respacing/harvesting/packing ROI calculation manual vs automated
Internal
OBJECTIVE: from repeated experiments to rational design choices for the most economic city farm
5000 m2 farm, crops: basil and cilantro Product: 15 grams flow packs High automation vs high manual labour scenario: automated sowing / transplanting / harvesting / packaging and cleaning of trays. ADVANTAGES: food safety, precision and plannability LOW automation scenario: -10% CAPEX HIGH automation: -66% in OPEX, -8 months on pay back period
Internal
substrate disinfecting
container
irrigation nutrition dosing
closed vs open continue vs periodic
8
Internal
Design of irrigation system with partner Hands on experience with various irrigation and cropping systems Robustness and reliability are prerequisite Minimize algae growth Conditioned storage of day supply Experience with oxygenation Different desinfection methods Optimal nutrient solutions for different crops Re-using return/drain water; no waste water
growth recipe database
lighting
control & data sensors
logistics climate
Database with growth recipes Database with setpoints and sensor readouts Database with growth results
Control and monitoring of the full system Data to information; dashboards Generate big data & improve recipes Dynamic recipes with automatic feedback loops
temperature
humidity
lighting
sensors crop monitoring
C02 irrigation
9
Internal
Philips Lighting is now Signify
Internal