Thesis Booklet_Design Research Studio D by Amy Rodda

INTERACTIVE MEMORY [THESIS]

Pivot the City_Design Research Studio D | Amy Rodda_Master of Architecture & Urban Design | Unit Convenor: Ian Woodcock Studio Leader: Ammon Beyerle

Table of contents

INTRODUCTION & PROPOSITION Introduction 06

Project information

Project vision

07 09

Identifying the problem

Challenges & problems

CASE STUDIES LEARNING FROM EXAMPLES Parameters of study

Contextual Research

Areas of research

Thesis proposition

BACKGROUND RESEARCH UNDERSTANDING THE TOPIC

12-13 14-15

18-19

Precedents : Comparitive analysis

20-23

Theories : Comparitive analysis

24-25

SITE STUDY INFORMATION & ANALYSIS Site location & context 28-29 Site history

30-31

Site context & drawings 32-33 Land use Analysis &

Development Controls

34-35

Built Fabric Analysis

36-37

Reflective Outcomes

GROUP MASTERPLAN STITCHING ACCESSIBILITY Group Design Principles

Group Design Purpose

Masterplan : i. Iterative process

ii. Community response iii. Programme

iv. Section Analysis v. Circulation

vi. SWOT Analysis vii. Reflections

viii. Revised Iteration

FOCUS AREA DEGREES OF PUBLIC SYNTAX Existing Programme

Component Sensitivities Masterplan Focus Area

58-59 60-61

Individual Design Approach 62-63 44-45 46 47

48-49 50 51 52-53 54-55

Area Programme

Permanency Syntax Public Syntax

64-77 78-79 80-81

SENSORY DESIGN ELEMENTS ITERATIVE MOMENTS Moment #1 : i. Laneway Culture ii. Materiality

84-85

iii. Iteration identification

& inference

iv. Iteration refinement v. Public Square

CONCLUSION DESIGN THESIS Defining Market

106

Defining Public Space

107

Defining Square

Multi-Sensory Design

106 107

88-89

Moment #2 : i. City Calming Court ii. Majors & Minors

iv. Iteration identification

91-93 94-95

& inference

v. Materiality

Moment #3 : i. Iteration identification &

inference

ii. Interstitial moments in time iii. Interactive moments

in time

98 99

100-103 Bibliography

108-109

“

CITIES HAVE THE CAPABILITY OF PROVIDING SOMETHING FOR EVERYBODY, ONLY BECAUSE, + ONLY WHEN THEY ARE CREATED BY EVERYBODY. Jane Jacobs

| Interactive Memory

”

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION

i. Motivation

ii. Areas of research

iii.Thesis proposition iv. Project proposal v. Project vision

Thesis 2021 |

With the basis of inclusive design, this thesis delves into how users of space, as an individual, as a society & as a collective, can encounter spaces from an synaesthetic point of view. It looks into how public spaces are currently homogeneous & only tell the story of a few - making them short-lived, not shared & not remembered, & then investigates how this social stigmatisation of spaces can be shifted into a places that stimulate all users through tactile sensory memories, thus creating spaces that evoke a sense of community & connection = interactive memory urbanism. It aims to create a human-centric sensory-spatial framework that enables stories, emotions, facets & memories of all to be told - to preserve the memories of the past & collect the new ones of the future through facilitating the potential interpretations of the present space that is Market Square, Geelong. It also looks at the syntax of public space & how a spatial framework can be used to define degrees of publicness.

PROJECT BACKGROUND Areas of Research

This thesis attempts to create a stimulating, accessible & memorable space using ‘interactive memory’. Memories are what link people to certain places; it is what connects people to place, place to society and this interpersonal connection to a collective. The following areas have been identified as the broad areas of research which inform & guide the project:

i. accessibly inclusive permeability

inclusiveness of the city [+public realm]

ii. syntax

degrees of publicness

iii. sensory experience

what do interactive spaces look like & what types of tactility will allow for spaces to constantly adapt & evolve along with their story?

iv. [re]memorable experience

consideration of time - what experiential typologies look like

| Interactive Memory

Thesis PROPOSITION

How multi-sensory design evoke memories for many different people?

Thesis 2021 |

Motivation Speculative Approach

PROJECT INFORMATION Proposal, Site & Vision

| Interactive Memory

Architecture [+ urban design] is not a ‘visual art’ & therefore designers should aim to not only design for the ‘visual experience’ but for a multisensory experience, as it is only when our senses are stimulated that we allow ourselves the sensory response of feeling part of a places story, & it apart of ours. Although sensory design thinking is no new concept [with many looking into how tactile elements such as colour, texture & pattern can create connection between people, place & inclusivity] most of this enquiry has been small scale thinking, rather than investigating how this might be translated to the urban scale. Therefore, there is little precedents as to what sensory elements, what typological frameworks & what networks can be created in regards to human-centric, multi-sensory design - this thesis aims to remedy this.

About Market Square

Vision for the project

Geelong is the second faster growing city in Australia, with its coastal location being home to approximately 270,000 people. As a city, Geelong is enacting change & embracing design in order to align with UNESCO designating them as a Creative city.

By taking inspiration from the Pivot the City studio’s main objective of exploring what this invisaged masterplan might look like, this thesis aims to re-establish the urban elements of market & square to Market Square.

Market Square is a 2.9Ha half a city civic block within the heart of Geelong. Although once a public space this town square has been progressively carved-up & enclosed to eventually become a privatelyowned shopping centre parading a series of blank grey & glass shopfronts, a higgledy-piggledy of semi-magnificent heritage façades, white tiles & elevators & a reinforced-concrete multi-deck carpark.

As part of this reinvention of publicness within Market Square, this project aims to investigate what multi-sensory design is, what types are best suited to this context & to the different degrees of publicness within the site.

Due to the stigmas & issues that market square currently has, the City of Greater Geelong is embarking upon a masterplan for Market Square. This masterplan will be a strategic site for urban regeneration, catalysed by the introduction of affordable housing & other mixed-use programs being incorporated into the design, the site will inevitably opening up to natural light & fresh air once more. The site presents an opportunity for adaptive reuse, regenerative urbanism & realising new values for life in the central city via community participation.

Finally it aims to investigate how users interaction with these spaces can stimulate sensory memories, diverse encounters & participation within market square. It acknowledges that time changes how the space is encountered & how different moments in time can capture different memories.

Thesis 2021 |

“

LIFE BETWEEN BUILDINGS IS A DIMENSION OF ARCHITECTURE THAT DESERVES MORE CAREFUL TREATMENT. IT IS WHERE SOCIAL INTERACTION AND PERCEPTION, URBAN RECREATION, AND THE SENSORY EXPERIENCE OF CITY LIFE TAKE PLACE. LIFE BETWEEN BUILDINGS COMPRISES THE ENTIRE SPECTRUM OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES IN PUBLIC SPACE - THE NECESSARY, THE OPTIONAL AND THE SOCIAL TYPES OF BEHAVIORS... Jan Gehl

10 | Interactive Memory

”

Chapter 2 BACKGROUND RESEARCH

i. Identifying the problem

ii. Challenges & problems

Thesis 2021 | 11

single

public

gustatory semi-private

IDENTIFYING THE PROBLEM market square

collective semi-public

society

12 | Interactive Memory

private

haptic olfactory

user

iconic

echoic

The focus of this thesis is Interactive Memory. This comes from the notion that it is through people’s interaction with the urban realm - as individuals, as a collective & as a society - that we develop an interpersonal relationship with this environment, & other’s who inhabit it. When this environment evokes stimuli, it creates a natural sensory response - sensory memory. And, it is through this response that we form connection to places & connection to people. Architecture & urban design have the ability to facilitation or exclude collective groups of people. Today’s civic spaces, places such as Market Square, rely on visual stimulus in order to create connection. However, the visual story that these places tell is that of a few, as only those who are able to create sensory memories through visual stimulus are able to form connection to this space. Thus these spaces assimilate exclusionary design as they do not include other forms of stimuli. So, what if these spaces were transformed to include these other forms of stimuli? What if they were multi-sensory designed spaces? Could this make places like Market Square

inclusive to all users through people’s ability to create memories? After all it is memories that link people to certain places.

And, through breaking down divisions within the physical realm we are able to break down divisions within society & build up connections.

‘Could multi-sensory design evoke more sensory memory in more people thus linking people to certain places?’

Therefore, through dividing up Market Square’s current physcial form we are able to enable a more human-centric access to Market Square. This access should inturn enable more human encounters between different people. And it is from these human encounters that we are able to create identity within Market Square, & the ability to constantly redefine ourselves & our environment.

And, through this notion of memories, is it then possible for Market Square to re-instate & preserve the memories of the past & collect new ones of the future through evoking different memories or interactive spaces within the space? Thus, this thesis aims to answer these questions through testing & design in order to create a framework that enables these stories, emotions, facets & memories to be told.Through these memories, we have shared points of reference to public spaces. And it is these shared points that bind different people to one place - Market Square. Through changing the stigma & access to Market Square, this thesis aims to reinvigorate the soul of Geelong; the soul of the city.

By forming interactive spaces we are able to use the interpersonal relationship between people & the urban realm in order to all storys of the past, present & future the space they need. And through connecting the civic anchors of Geelong - Deakin University & the hospital, the CBD & the water - we are able to create tolerance & unity. We are able to create an important juxtaposition - a meeting place for people; a market square.

Thesis 2021 | 13

Given the scope of the studio being set within a 12 week timeframe, it is not possible to answer all aspects of this study area & this topic - nor would it be realistic to, as if every aspect was investigated & designed, there would be no room for interpretation, thus creating a space that is exclusive rather than inclusive. This thesis started with a desire to create an inclusive design framework, however, inclusive design is a very holistic topic, & thus has many subtopics that could be explored within this umbrella topic. The refinement of the thesis proposition allows for the potential for all users to engage, interact & be part of its place-making due to the multi-sensory, human-centric design objective, no matter who they are.

PROBLEMS & CHALLENGES Issues faced by sensory design today

ign ry des possible

senso

14 | Interactive Memory

To achieve the setout objectives, inquiries into precedents, the context & existing theories need to be analysed in order to ensure this thesis is taking an informed approach to the design outcomes of this topic. This thesis will be using the studio’s study area of Market Square Geelong in order to conduct this enquiry. The topic will use the foundation of a masterplan created in collaboration with Rafael Miranda & Evan Chan as a contextual parameter for further design investigations. [This masterplan was developed as a group task within the 3rd & 4th weeks of the thesis’ timeframe]. From here, the masterplan will be adapted depending on the design process, & chosen areas [that will be zoomed in on], in order to get a more human perspective of the project’s potential design outcomes.

RE-ASSESSING INTERACTIVE MEMORY

By using this case study not only will this thesis hope to alleviate some of the issues that Market Square has, but it will also aim to be a precedent & inspiration future multi-sensory design projects.

Thesis 2021 | 15

“

A PUBLIC SPACE REFERS TO AN AREA OR PLACE THAT IS OPEN + ACCESSIBLE TO ALL PEOPLES, REGARDLESS OF GENDER, RACE, ETHNICITY, AGE OR SOCIO-ECONOMIC LEVEL. UNESCO, 2017

16 | Interactive Memory

”

Parameters of study

Chapter 3 CASE STUDIES

i. Precedents :

comparitive analysis

i. Theories :

Thesis 2021 | 17

Due to the nature of the project, a range of principles needed to be analysed in order to get a better understanding of the scope of the topic. Therefore, a number of case studies needed to be explored in order to how these principles could be spatially understood. Hence, a common set of parameters has been identified for their study:

i. Reasons for selection Parameters of study

CASE STUDIES Parameters of Study

ii. Project fact file Location Year Architect Site Area Build up Ground Coverage Max. Height/Floors iii. Programme split Spatial organisation of components User groups Timings

18 | Interactive Memory

iv. Site plan & context Building plan Public & Street interaction v. Spatial Character Nature & design of spaces vi. Movement/User Experience Vehicular movement Pedestrian movement vii. Architectural Expression Materiality Facade design Structural design Sustainability features

Precedents :

Aspect of study / Reason for selection

i. Carmen Martín Gaite Building

Spain is renowned for their socially conscious design with particular attention to housing projects. This project in particular is situated with a similar proximity to a tertiary education insitute to that of Market Square, with this projects mixed-use program reflecting this.

ii. Noordstrook Block A

U-shaped buildings allow for a mix of function, form & design with the building encapsulating a human-centric square that creates more permeable interfaces as well as allowing good natural light sources relative to the building footprint.

iii. Wood Housing SEESTADT ASPERN

The appeal of this housing project was the internal arrival court-type circulation that creates an emphasis on the importance of public space, with the typologies allowing for permeable natural lighting & density which supports positive living.

iv. Marmalade Lane

This was a personal favourite out of the case studies that were investigated as it focuses was on an activated pedestrian laneway with dense yet fine grain housing lining the laneway, bridging the transitions from public to private with small private courtyards.

CASE STUDIES List of Projects Theories : i. The Touch

This book allows for a visual understanding as to how materiality within design can engage users, in order create interactive memory.

ii. The Senses : Design Beyond Vision

This book gives light to just how much current design relies on only two sensory agents in order to shape spaces, leading to the feeling of spatial exclusion for many including those interacting with the current context of Market Square.

iii. The Power of Inclusive Architecture

This TEDTalk was the main inspiration of my thesis, enlightening me as to the how memory contributes to place-making & inclusive design, whether it enables connection or creates displacement.

iv. Senses of place: architectural design for the multi-sensory mind

This literature review allowed for a deeper understanding as to the reasoning behind sensory memory & how to stimulate memory through design.

Thesis 2021 | 19

CASE STUDIES Carmen Martín Gaite Building Student Residents

Noordstrook Block A Affordable Housing

Wood Housing SEESTADT ASPERN Apartments

Marmalade Lane Co-housing Community

Location

Madrid, Spain

Amsterdam, Netherlands

Vienna, Austria

Cambridge, England

Site Area

14,125m2

10,630m2

9,650m2

11,115m2

Build up Area

21,153m2

174 Apartments & Parking Spaces + 2800m2 commercial

19,600m2

4,300m2

No. of Storeys

5 Storeys

13 Storeys

7 Storeys [2 basements]

3 Storeys

Lecture Rooms Residential Humanities Library Foyer Offices Gardens Carpark

Social housing dwellings Day-care centre Business spaces Gardens Carpark

Residential Apartments Retail shops Public spaces Gardens Carpark Sauna Playroom Gym

Residential Shared spaces Communal facilities Meeting rooms Workshop Gardens Carpark Gym

Project Name & Type

Programme Components

20 | Interactive Memory

Comparative Analysis Matrix

Carmen Martín Gaite Building Student Residents

Noordstrook Block A Affordable Housing

Wood Housing SEESTADT ASPERN Apartments

Marmalade Lane Cohousing Community

Estudio Beldarrain

Dick van Gameren architecten

Berger+Parkkinen Architekten + Querkraft

Mole Architects

2013

2009

2015

2018

Roof Garden

U Shaped Courtyard

Open Circulation

Pedestrian Laneway

Elements

Internal Circulation Common Gardens

Internal Circulation Gardens Playground

Walkways Functional Ramp Gardens Ampitheatre

Private Front-yards Individual Entrances

Visual Connection

Limited through windows

Balconies Windows

Parallel Balconies Windows

Windows

Architect

Year

Conceptual Reasoning

Thesis 2021 | 21

CASE STUDIES

Carmen Martín Gaite Building Student Residents

Noordstrook Block A Affordable Housing

Wood Housing SEESTADT ASPERN Apartments

Marmalade Lane Cohousing Community

Building Zone

Institutional

Residential Area

Urban Area

Residential Area

Terracotta ceramic corrugated patterns

Different brick patterns

Wood panels Concrete

Different coloured bricks

Concrete pillars Post-tensioned slab

Reinforced concrete shear wall Steel frame

Reinforced concrete frame Central shear core

Cross-laminate timber structure Concrete slab

PLATINE LEED certification Local food production Green roofs Grey water reticulation

Green core Noise reducing prefab concrete

South-facing open space Raised garden beds Stone wool insulation Prefabricated timber walls

Sustainable living Shared garden with open aspect to the south to maximize sunlight

Context Plan

Material Palette

Structural System

Sustainability Strategies

22 | Interactive Memory

Comparative Analysis Matrix

Carmen Martín Gaite Building Student Residents

Noordstrook Block A Affordable Housing

Wood Housing SEESTADT ASPERN Apartments

Marmalade Lane Cohousing Community

Floor Plan Scale n/a

Section Scale unk.

Private/Public Zoning Private Public Semi-public

Thesis 2021 | 23

THEORIES

Theory Name & Type Author

Year Theoretical/ Conceptual Framework

24 | Interactive Memory

The Touch Book

The Senses : Design Beyond Vision Book

Kinfolk & Norm Architects

Ellen Lupton & Andrea Lipps

2019

2018

An exploration into the idea that the inspiring spaces illustrated, & many more like them, share the five essential tenets of haptic, human-centric design: materiality light color nature community

An exploration into how: space materials sound light affect the mind & body. A powerful reminder to those who believe that design is primarily a visual pursuit.

The Power of Inclusive Architecture TEDTalk Arna Mackic 2017 The importance for citizens to be included in writing the city by adding their own verses. Through the design of public spaces & shared points of reference different people can be bound to to one place. Identity Stranger in the City Tolerance & Unity

Senses of place: architectural design for the multi-sensory mind Review Article Charles Spence 2020 An exploration & explantion into what multi-sensory design is & the interpersonal relationship between people & places through different senses. A look into the hegemony of visual design over the other senses.

Comparative Analysis Matrix

The Touch Book

The Senses : Design Beyond Vision Book

The Power of Inclusive Architecture TEDTalk

Senses of place: architectural design for the multisensory mind Review Article

Research Question(s) /Hypotheses

What are the 5 essential tenets of haptic design? Are they important to good design?

How do senses mix with memory? How does this allow us to make sense of our world throughout time?

How does architecture enable or disable connection, identity & the soul of places?

What is the role of the human senses in architectural design practice?

Methodology

Analysis of interior & architectural spaces in relation to each aspect of haptic design divided into 5 book sections & how Kinfolk & Norm Architects believe these spaces can present the importance of these tenets

Defines what sensory design is Uses real world examples to illustrate what this could look like Investigates how the aspects touch, sound, smell & flavour of could be translated into the physical realm.

Uses personal example of displacement of fleeing the war in Bosnia & Herzegovina as a child to describe how returning to a city that has been physically destroyed means that any sense of connection to that place is also destroyed.

Defines the multisensory nature of the human mind. Compares the dominance of different senses in terms of design. Explains how understanding this nature, explains environmental or atmospheric interactions between people & places.

Good design is not only visually appealling but engages all the human senses.

Emphasis on sight over all other smells in terms of design thinking need to change as designing this way can create exclusive spaces. Sensory design enables accessibility, inclusivity & multi-generational design

Link between place & people is formed through memories. The city can facilitate or exclude people through allowing or disallowing them to recognise themselves. The soul of a city is the interpersonal memories shared between people & place

We need to shift away from the hegemony of vision. A multisensory approach & a sensitive understanding of how the senses interact with the urban realm promotes social, cognitive, & emotional development, rather than hinder it; it allows us to create more immersive, engaging, & memorable experiences

Analysis & Results Conclusions

Key Takeaways

Thesis 2021 | 25

“

THE CITY THROUGHOUT THE HISTORY OF MANKIND HAS BEEN THE MEETING PLACE FOR PEOPLE. MUCH OF THE CULTURE OF MANKIND HAS HAPPENED IN THE PUBLIC SPACE. PUBLIC SPACE IS A VERY IMPORTANT ASPECT OF GOOD + WELL-FUNCTIONING CITY.

Jan Gehl

26 | Interactive Memory

”

i. Site location & context ii. Site history

Chapter 4 BACKGROUND RESEARCH

iii. Site context & drawings iv. Landuse Analysis & Development Controls v. Built Fabric Analysis vi. Reflective Outcomes

Thesis 2021 | 27

SITE LOCATION Understanding the context

LGA | City of Greater Geelong

28 | Interactive Memory

Suburb | Geelong 3220

Walkable Area | 800m [20 minute] Catchment

Site | Market Square

Thesis 2021 | 29

SITE EVOLUTION Mapping the changes Heritage Inventory Heritage Register

Aboriginal Heritage Sensitivity

Market Square

30 | Interactive Memory

time 1856

marketplace & clock tower 1930s

mccann & jacob streets 1984

shopping centre 2021

interactive memory proposition

The study area that is being used for a case study is Market Square, located at the heart of Geelong.

the immediate surrounding blocks [see figures on pages 34-35].

Like the name suggests this site was originally a meeting place for markets, before it was formally turned into a square [see figure].

Although Geelong is home to both Deakin’s well established Waterfront Campus, & Victoria’s largest regional health care provider, the University Hospital, the potential connection between these two, in addition to the connection from the CBD down to the water has not been realised. This is due to the lack of pedestrian permeability through the site, in addition to the lack of pedestrianised street’s or Hoddle grid laneways, which by being introduced to the site could potentially give way to more diverse programs.

However, even this square did not last - with more & more of the site being enclosed, both in terms of physical gesture & meaning. Both squares & market places are places of increased stimulus, as they are defined as meeting places, places of encounter, & social diversity. From the hustle & bustle of voices bargaining goods & the smell of the local produce, to the sound of performances, the smell of coffee in the air from the stalls surrounding, & the sense of permeability from the textured, & more often than not patterned pavement. Geelong’s blocks are designed in the same way as Melbourne’s: using the Hoddle grid [see figure]. Yet, they do not share the same success as Melbourne’s [pedestrian laneways & celebrated heritage architecture] & this has been shown through the replacement of both McCann & Jacobs streets in favour for a the 1970s introduced shopping centre that currently exists on the site. To add to this, the negative stigma that Market Square attracts, may be due to the lack of diversity in public amenity, open space, & residential living in

Programs such as public open space amenity interactive spaces of encounter; medium density living - introduced liveable mixed-use programme; & restoring historical nods to the past - reestablishing McCann & Jacob streets as pedestrian laneways & re-establishing both civic qualities of market & square. Thus, by analysing four case studies of mixed-use residential housing [see pages 20-23] & analysing the existing site & surrounding architectural context [see pages 36-37] we were able to blend these forms & concepts with the existing site in order to create a supporting masterplan for this thesis.

Thesis 2021 | 31

market square

32 | Interactive Memory

SITE CONDITIONS

Thesis 2021 | 33

GRAIN ANALYSIS Non-Residential Residential

Market Square

PLANNING ZONES ACZ C1Z CA GRZ

MUZ NRZ

PPRZ

PUZ2 + PUZ3

RGZ

PUZ4

FACILITIES

PLANNING OVERLAYS

Places of Worship

DDO

Landmark

EAO

Hospital

Emergency Facility

LSIO

Education Centre Cultural Centre

Communication Venue Care Facilities

Admin Facilities Street Art

Market Square

34 | Interactive Memory

SBO

SCO

BIKE NETWORK Strategic Cycle Corridor

Principle Bicycle Corridor

TREE COVERAGE Park Trees 415

Council Property Trees 21

Off-Road Bike Path On-Road Bike Path

On-Road Bike P Path

2,114

Street Trees 1678

Market Square

Bus Routes Bus Stops Train Route Train Station

OPEN SPACES Open Space Gardens Park Recreational Resource Reserve Skate Park Water

0m 41

Market Square

460m

PUBLIC TRANSPORT

620m 0m

Thesis 2021 | 35

CONTEXT Create Tones

Brick

Stone

36 | Interactive Memory

Materiality Palette Heritage Buildings

Geelong’s Gold Rush Heritage Buildings

Comparative Analysis Matrix

Architect

Year

TAC Building Admin Facility

Geelong Library & Heritage Centre Admin Facility

Barwon Water HQ Admin Facility

Deakin’s Student Accommodation Residential

Geelong Arts Centre Cultural Facility

MLD Studio

ARM

GHD Woodhead

Thomson Adsett & Nettleton Tribe

Hassell

2009

2015

2017

2018

2019

Corrugated Metal

Geometric coloured concrete

Precast concrete

White concrete

Channel glazing

Concrete

Steel cross-braced concrete

Precast Concrete shear wall

Steel cross bracing

Bright coloured louvres

Mirrored Glass

Geometric louvres

Angled box shading

Translucent white glass

Cladding

Structure

Windows/ Sun-shading

Thesis 2021 | 37

eastern beach

REFLECTIVE OUTCOMES potential inspirations from other site in Geelong

wood prominent colours : red & blue plastic & tensile fabric

market square

COLOUR ASSOCIATION

prominent colours : grey concrete concrete pathways + seating

38 | Interactive Memory

Through a group exercise comprising of team members Amruta Pathak, Anchal Sood & Maria Leonard, we identified a more successful public space within Geelong: Eastern Beach. And one of the main takeaways from this exercise was the use of colour association & differentiating materiality to track movement & program constraints through symbolism. This resonated with me as it sparked my interest in using spatial agents such as colour & materiality symbolism to redesign Market Square as a more successful public space, as the site currently seems to be monochromatic. This colour association can also be seen in other public landmarks throughout Geelong [see pages 36-37].

‘PLAY’ FOR ALL AGES The other main takeaway from this exercise was just how prevailent the need for socially inclusive architecture the site has. Eastern beach was designed for people of all ages to use it & therefore people of all ages did use it. Through promoting both active & passive uses of the space & both necessary & catering to a more social interaction with the space, it could be derived that this space is infact more of a public square than Market Square itself. Market Square is currently used for prerequisite activities & its urban form & interventions reflect this. By creating a more interactive interface with a variety of urban infrastructures, this will promote ‘play’ for all ages, creating enhanced interaction & evoking memories.

REFLECTIVE OUTCOMES Issues currently facing the site

CONNECTION From analysing the site both in person & through data collection on of the main things that is prominent is the lack of connection across the site & the surrounding area. And it is this lack of connectivity that is also creating a lack of connectivity between the site & the Geelong community - there is a lack of connection between the people & the space. By breaking up the site in order to create finer grain blocks. It will in turn mean more human scale buildings & a more permeable ground floor plane.

VISIBILITY This will not only lead to increased connection to the site but also increased visibility across the site. Through design interventions the hope is that the physical visibility of the site will be enhanced through improving the urban interfaces & desire lines, as well as the visibility of the community within the site itself; through creating spaces that are as diverse as the demographic of Geelong rather than the homogonenous programme that currently prevails + by inserting other sensory agents that allow more people to create memories within Market Square, it will mean that the visibility of the site as integral civic element of Geelong.

SNAPSHOTS OF LIFE Through enhancing peoples connections to the site, & by allowing users to have increased visibility across the site, it should in turn lead to others being able to see snapshots of life. Due to the blank interfaces & materiality of the current Market Square, even if there were in fact snapshots of life happening within its envelope, it cannot be appreciated by others. People attract people & it is through interaction between people & between people & place that we form memories, & create snapshots of life.

Thesis 2021 | 39

“

I BELIEVE THAT PUBLIC SPACE SHOULD BE INTENTIONAL: IT SHOULD BE OBVIOUS THAT YOU BELONG. Janet Echelman

40 | Interactive Memory

”

Part 1: Purpose & Principles

Group Design Principles Group Design Purpose Part 2: Group Masterplan

i. Iterative process

Chapter 4 MASTERPLANNING

ii. Community response iii. Programme iv. Section Analysis v. Circulation Part 3: Masterplan Analysis

vi. SWOT Analysis vii. Reflections viii. Revised Iteration

Thesis 2021 | 41

Moments & Memories

Create interactive multi-generational meeting spaces + moments of encounter that evoke memories & emotions

42 | Interactive Memory

Past, Present & Future

Ensure spaces reflect the past, identify the present, and enhance the future

Spatial Framing

Create anchoring network of pedestrian connections

Breaking down Division

Breakdown the public/private divide: Ensure affordable & sustainable live + work + play mixed-use design thinking

Stigmatisms

Tackle public transport negative stigma

PURPOSE

Liveness | to reinvigorate market square as a place in which all people can interact with [movement] & recognise themselves [place-making] as it current lacks its potential too be defined as either a market or a square Thesis 2021 | 43

MASTERPLANNING Iterative Process

44 | Interactive Memory

Thesis 2021 | 45

46 | Interactive Memory

RESIDENTIAL OFFICES RETAIL COMMUNITY

Thesis 2021 | 47

MOORABOOL STREET INTERFACE applying the group design principles One of the comments that we received from City of Greater Geelong’s Pamela Caspani is that the current bus station that goes along Moorabool street has quite a bad reputation and thus the local government is looking for ways to change that as they believe that it has a lot of potential & the shift away from this negative stigma will allow for more positive experiences of the space & thus more positive memories. Therefore, the section of the site that I was most drawn towards was theMoorabool to Jacob streets block. Here I started exploring this might look on a finer scale, how the different principles that I developed with my group might transform this area. From watching the film Gary Hustwit’s 2011 film Urbanized I found that there is no reason that buses should be treated any different or lesser than other forms of public transport such as the trains & trams [for which the hoddle grid is famous for utilising]. Therefore, by shifting the stigma of Geelong’s bus network through rebranding it as a trackless tram network, complete with the new bus terminal having at level boarding platforms & gradual transition ramps allowing for for smooth journey transitions, + sonic response interventions like the ding-ding sound trams are known to make. By enhancing the treatment of this urban infrastructure, it should not only shift the negative stigma that currently prevails but also increase its use, which will further be enhanced by introducing residential housing stock to Geelong’s CBD.

48 | Interactive Memory

iteration #1

iteration #2

iteration #3

Moments & Memories

Create interactive multi-generational meeting spaces + moments of encounter that evoke memories & emotions

Spatial Framing

Create anchoring network of pedestrian connections

Breaking down Division

Breakdown the public/private divide: Ensure affordable & sustainable live + work + play mixed-use design thinking

Stigmatisms

Tackle public transport negative stigma

Past, Present & Future

Ensure spaces reflect the past, identify the present, and enhance the future

HOSPITAL DISTRICT

WATERFRONT

DEAKIN TRAIN STATION

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‘Map out how different generations might engage with the space’ - Prof Mark Taylor » show how the concept of continuous transformation allows you to freeze the space at any time + capture the moment

STRENGTHS

SWOT ANALYSIS Masterplan stage

OPPORTUNITIES

‘Is there a limit to the tools used? i.e. textures, colours, proportions, elements’ - A/Prof John Sadar » carry out ideas in a series of snapshots / timelines

THREATS ‘Great arrows of hope with the hope that people will follow these arrows’

- Kim Delbridge

- Dr Yolanda Esteban Bort

» map out key connections enabled through site at slightly broader scale

‘Almost needs a palette for the project ’

- A/Prof John Sadar » trying to carry out a provocation - ensure that the princles allow for things to manifest > SPATIAL FRAMING

WEAKNESSES

‘Varied level of activation in different locations throughout the site’

» investigate whether these arrows simply describe the ground level or whether they are vertically stratified in order to get connections at all levels > which opens up a new world at all sorts of different perspectives. » note which interfaces are activated + which are not

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REFLECTIONS Masterplan stage After presenting the first iteration of our group’s masterplan we received quite a lot of positive feedback, as well as some ideas at to where to continuing taking our projects. The panel that we presented to comprised of Kim Delbridge, Dr Yolanda Esteban Bort, Professor Mark Taylor & Associate Professor John Sadar. They suggested that the next step along this design journey was to really think about what aspects we are wanting to keep & how do the addition of the chosen case studies’ forms really land on site, & allow for these enhanced connections & added programmes to evolve. Through our initial proposition, the panel reacted emphatically to our ambition of wanting to create a more inclusive space for Market Square. However, they said that we should really think about what were to happen if people didn’t circulate along our desire lines or the programme changed from that in which we proposed - how could our theses still be shown within Market Square. By reflecting on this one of the key questions that could be posed is does place exist? From our current masterplan proposal the potential answer could be derived that infact place does not exist & cannot exist from an ecological world view. If place were to exist it would mean that urban space is stagnant & confined. Whereas in actually

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‘Does Place Exist?’ space is transitional, transient & fleeting. Space is how we facilitate relationships between different spatial agents & time. What is often defined as place, is simply a snapshot of a space in a specific moment in time. Therefore, looking forward there are three key explorations that need to be made in order to explore the outcomes of this question further:

1. what palette of elements [spatial agents] could be created in order to connect people to market square? 2. how can these elements link the site to the city? 3. how can these elements be presented? Continuing from these questions, I want to explore how there can be a variety of levels of activation

across the site, with the potential for explorations into spatial syntax depending on the degree of publicness of the space. This should also help with the programmatic stratisfication along the vertical plane, as I look at how programs change as they move away from the ground plane. This should tie in well with the response to place & space as one of the key takeaways from our masterplan is that we have taken a more incremental approach to the site, which is a good thing as it allows for all aspects of time to be considered from experiential time, to chronological time, to the incremental time of the urban fabric. This incremental approach should allow us to tell a story of our proposal - tell the narrative of the site up until now & what it could look like in the future due to this catalyst for change.

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REFINEMENT Iteration

Adaptive Reuse

Carpark primary structure Heritage Facades

Stitching Case Studies Affordable Housing precedents scaling

Historical Renaissance Reinstating Past Circulation

Programmatic Diversity

Establishing Contextually-responsive Mixed-Use

CARPARK PRIMARY STRUCTURE

NOORDSTROOK BLOCK A

REINSTATED PEDESTRIAN STREETS

HEALTH + WELLBEING

CML BUILDING

MARMALADE LANE

PERMEABLE CONNECTIONS

EDUCATION

CORIO BUILDING

CARMEN MARTÍN GAITE BUILDING

PUBLIC SQUARES

RESIDENTIAL

SOLOMON BUILDING LANDMARKS

WOOD HOUSING SEESTADT ASPERN

OFFICES RETAIL COMMUNITY GREEN SPACE

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“

PUBLIC SPACE HAS HISTORICALLY BEEN DESCRIBED AS “OPEN SPACE”, MEANING THE STREETS, PARKS + RECREATIONAL AREAS, PLAZAS + OTHER PUBLICLY OWNED + MANAGED OUTDOOR SPACES, AS OPPOSED TO THE PRIVATE DOMAIN OF HOUSING + WORK.

Tonnelat, S., 2010

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”

i. Existing Programme ii. Component Sensitivities

Chapter 6 FOCUS AREA

iii. Masterplan Focus Area iv. Individual Design Approach v. Area Programme vi. Permanency Syntax vi. Public Syntax

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OFFICES RETAIL CARPARK

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EXISTING PROGRAMME Relevance + challenges Post Office

Bus Interchange

Current Retail

Issues addressed:

i. post offices are considered to be a landmark for the centre of a CBD ii. ensure post office is kept

i. possibility for negative stigma to persavere ii. additional sensory change to “ding ding” will allow for users to align use with the more positive ptv mode of a tram

i. loss of retail opportunities & jobs ii. activated strip mall shop incorporation with westfield shopping centre interface

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DESIGN APPROACH abstracted individual design thinking

+ 1.

Accessibility

Permiable ground plane with accessibility interventions

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+ 2.

Public Syntax

Degrees of publicness defined through programme & interface

+ 3.

Sensory Experience

Major & Minor experiential components analysis & intervention

User Experience

Consideration of Time what Experiential Typologies look like

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Need of the Users Given the position of the focus area in relation to the site & the broader context, the emphasis will be for spaces that cater towards the sites interaction with the Moorabool Street bus stop & Deakin University In addition to this, as the design stratisfies along the vertical plane, the level of accessibility in terms of publicness will transition from public to private, in order to allow for varying levels of user interactions - with the most interactive spaces happening on the ground plane in order to allow for connection to the street, Market Square & Geelong.

PROGRAMME COMPONENTS Needs identification

Potential Role for Focus Area Given the fact that a majority of the users will be that of a younger demographic, this section of Market Square needs to become a space which helps them to grow & learn in order to generate long-term interaction with the space. it needs to become a space where the culmination of design & knowledge is imbued by passive & active experiences with the space. Attention for the young user groups interacting with the space

Enhanced sensory stimulation

Shifting Stigmas + creating memory

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youth quarter + hostel

attracting local youth hanging out at the bus interchange

attracting tourists visiting the university or an event

cultural centre + library + educational spaces

= integrated understanding + free public space

FOCUS AREA

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AREA PROGRAMME Components & their respective areas ART STUDIO

visual + sonic + haptic + olfactory

GROUND LEVEL

LEVEL 01

EXHIBITION SPACE

visual + sonic

CAFE

olfactory + gustatory

BAKERY

olfactory + gustatory

YOUTH QUARTER

visual + sonic

CULTURAL CENTRE

sonic + visual + haptic

LIBRARY

sonic + visual + haptic

HYDROPONIC GARDENS

olfactory + gustatory + haptic + visual

SUPERMARKET

olfactory + gustatory + haptic + visual + sonic

1. CRITICAL REFLECTION Opportunities & Weaknesses

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Although child’s play gives opportunity for people to see interactive spaces, thus activating the ground floor plane the need for privacy for young children is also at play. Therefore the suggestion is that child’s play moves further up the building so as to ensure that it is not such a public platform. To that comment, libraries are also places that are interstitially public & private domains thus perhaps moving this program to a level or two up will allow for other more activating programmes to be allowed on the ground floor.

the cultural centre will pay homage to that of Geelong’s past as this proposal endeavours to be part of Geelong’s future. having this space on the first level aligns with the concept of public connectivity whilst also allowing more frequently used programmes to activate the ground plane. In saying this, having this centre on the Malop Street x Moorabool Street interface might make this centre more successful as it corresponds with these street’s public juxtaposition & presence.

LEVEL 02

LEVEL 03

LEVEL 04

3. 5.

I believe that this program is the right fit for the middle level of the building with the hydroponic garden giving some green reprieve to the building. I also believe that by having a supermarket set on the bridge over Jacobs Street it will allow for strengthed connection between the two sides of the street. By allowing for circulation either side of the supermarket users will be able to look down + up, thus creating a natural interpersonal element of surveillence + activation between the street + the supermarket [which will be used on a continuous basis]. In saying that although I was able to find precedents on a supermarket with a floor area of as little as 50 sqm, I feel that in order for this programme to have a more sensory experience, combining both the health food store + the supermarket into a more wholefoods style supermarket will allow for an enhanced sensory shopping experience in contrast from the usual experience of simply picking up a prepackaged plastic bags where there is little interaction with the produce of the store.

One of the main programmes I wanted to inject into my focus area was a space dedicated to those studying at Deakin University. Deakin University has two main areas of study - medical based courses + build environment based courses. Due to the nature of our masterplan where the proximity to the hospital is on the opposing side of my focus area, I felt that creating a space for those studying the built environment would ideally suit this side of Market Square. By introducing a space that allows students to work off-campus in a studio type setting this space hopes to provide a positive + creative environment for those who use it. This space is also inspired by preceding similar spaces like those that are offered to built environment students at universities like UTAS, with the addition of rooms catering to those students doing PHDs for which Deakin offers several courses in. By implementing a space like this, this space should in turn create positive outcomes for built environment students in the hopes to enhance + align with Geelong being coined as Australia’s first UNESCO Design City.

After the ground floor iteration of the Childs Play on the page to the left - where I intended childsplay to be a bit more of informal indoor play for young children to play - I progressed to introducing a proper childs play childcare on the top floor. However, on reflecting on this iteration I found that there are programmes that could be considered more private than that of a childcare, like that of a small business; private enterprise. Also upon playing around with my chosen programme, by shifting the library to the other building within my focus area I felt that it would make more sense for that building’s programme to transition from a library on one floor to a childcare on the next, with an office space to support the childcare on the top floor. This way children can utilise both spaces with ease.

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AREA PROGRAMME Components & their respective areas ART STUDIO

125m2

EXHIBITION SPACE

109m2

FOYER

34m2

EXERCISE STUDIO

146m2

CAFE

76m2

BAKERY

55m2

POST OFFICE

55m2

RECORD LOUNGE

55m2

MICRO BREWERY

55m2

YOUTH QUARTER

80m2

CULTURAL CENTRE

216m2

YHA

247m2

LIBRARY

216m2

HYDROPONIC GARDENS

192m2

FLORAL ARRANGEMENTS

29m2

TEXTILE WORKSHOP

29m2

SUPERMARKET

338m2

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GROUND FLOOR

1:200 @A1 4

12 16 M

FIRST FLOOR

1:200 @A1 4

12 16 M

SECOND FLOOR

1:200 @A1 4

12 16 M

CHILDS PLAY

215m2

PHD DESIGN STUDY SPACE

225m2

CHILDS PLAY OFFICE SPACE

225m2

OFFICES

225m2

THIRD FLOOR

1:200 @A1 4

12 16 M

FOURTH FLOOR

1:200 @A1 4

12 16 M

ROOF

1:200 @A1 4

12 16 M

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FOCUS AREA ground floor plane 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

beer garden cafe aroma post office + newsagency bakery record store micro-brewery youth quarter

art workshop wathaurong exhibition space

active gym lobby

5. 4. 3. 2.

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10.

11.

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Interacting by Socialising : beer garden [public] bar area | seating | benches | podium for live music + performances

Interacting by Conversation : cafe [public] bar area | seating | outdoor seating | kitchen | backdoor backing onto Jacobs Street laneway

PROGRAMME COMPONENTS Design elements + their function

Interacting with Gastronomy : bakery [semi-public] bakery counter + display cabinet | bread shelves | baker’s kitchen

Interacting with Sound : record store [semi-public] cashier counter | vinyl bins | cd racks | speaker pods

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Interacting with Art : art studio [public] studio space | exhibition area | pin-up area | utensil + stationery station | sink

Interacting by Observing : exhibition space [semi-public] entry | gallery space

10.

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Interacting with Experience :

Interacting with Learning :

cultural centre [public]

library [public]

arrival area | bathrooms | open plan events space | outdoor events space | private event space

LEVEL 01

LEVEL 02

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Interacting with children : childs play [semi-private]

A childcare has been proposed to be introduced in order to attain multi-generational sustainability to Market Square.

As part of their activities, childcares inately offer a number of multi-sensory interactive activities including painting, art, music & texture play making this programme perfect for this thesis.

LEVEL 03 2

LEVEL 04 4

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LEVEL 01 2

Interacting with Environment : hydroponic gardens [semi-public] gateway to the jungle | textile workshop | floral arrangement workshop hydroponic flowers | roses + gerberas + chrysanthemum + freesias + carnations hydroponic produce | lettuces + eggplant + welsh onions + leaf onions + capsicums + kale + roquette + basil + strawberries + parsley + cucumbers + melons + chillies + pak choi + watercress + celery + mushrooms LEVEL 02 2

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LEVEL 03 2

LEVEL 04 2

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Supermarkets are typically a high-utilised amenity, embedded in citie’s cultural fabric & seen as a destination in most people’s day-to-day lives. Therefore, by using this programme as a nodal amenity it should attract people to interactive with Market Square. This programme typology also creates the perfect bridging point between my focus area & my masterplan group member Rafael’s focus area, thus enhancing connections between the two sides of the street & the transitional syntax between the buildings on site. Due to this, one of the key consilidated updates to our masterplan was to ensure that both of us introduced a supermarket along the bridging structure over Jacobs Street. This highly activated programme typology also allows the opportunity for enhanced connections between the building & the street through voids made in the buildings facade & walkways circulating this typology. This inturn allows for natural, passive interactions between people on the street & shoppers using this space.

User Sensory Experience Supermarkets can be considered decidedly sensual places, as they typically are multi-sensory spaces - from the smell & gastronomic sensation of the food, to the haptic interaction of the chore, the visual stimulus of the differentiating colours & patterns, + the sonic interaction with people & hard surfaces. But what if that sensory experience could be enhanced & shifted to a more positive & interactive experience for all people. Through taking the concept of a more wholefoods type store layout by introducing bulk food bins rather than the typical dominating aisle shelves & shelves that contain whole food dispensers, users will interactive with the space in a very different way from the typical shopping experience thus creating a more memorable experience. Due to the use of windows allowing light to flow into the supermarket creating a more open space, users of the space should not feel so confined, & in such a rush to use it. The use of bulk food style produce means a more subtle & less overstimulating colour palette within the store. LEVEL 02 2

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And, through the use of sound absorbing materials shoppers can concentrate of the rustle of the paper bags, the crackle of the nuts being scouped from the bins + the mellow tunes from the sound system rather than the reverberation from the typically cold, enclosed & harsh conditions supermarkets are known for.

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PUBLIC SYNTAX Degrees of Permanency The focus area’s proximity to Deakin University, allows for this area to be designated to more future focused thinking and sustainable interactions with multi-generational users. As a continuation of introducing the residential uses, I wanted to take this chance to not only consider the concept of degrees of publicness from a vertical plane transition but also a horizontal plane transition across the site. Therefore, I consulted with my original masterplan group in order to propose that the type of housing on the outer part of the site be more temporary living typologies with permanent living happening towards the internal part of the site thus creating a sort of permanency syntax.

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DEGREES OF PERMANENCY

Residential Use

PROXIMITY

Deakin University

PROXIMITY

Deakin University

HO ST E L

D O NA LD HO USE

AFFORDABLE HOUSING

LD MC

YO U

RO N A

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PUBLIC SYNTAX Degrees of Publicness Through iterative processes I came to a vertical programmatic syntax through electing supportive local community infrastructures & public spaces to be integrated along the ground plane, with a transition from public to private spaces stratified along the vertical plane, all whilst keeping within the original building’s envelope. The final iteration has been chosen not due the solar outcomes of parametric design but the social ecological outcomes, as it reflects the concept of the façade shifting and becoming finer as it transitions to less public spaces. In this ESD drawing we can see the interactive public café on the bottom floor & private enterprise on the top with a hydroponic green retreat & adjoining supermarket seen in the middle, as part of this floors intent to for users to reach the site’s frequent facilities through public interactive spaces. I then took this concept of public syntax & abstracted it into a facade in order to insinuate that this site has the potential to stitch together the city of Geelong as a whole through these potential programmatic offerings. This concept of spatial framing of public syntax was progressed through parametric iterations.

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SHOU SUGI BAN PANELLING

ROOF LEVEL 16 m FFL

LEVEL 04 13 m FFL

Advantage sonic black absorbing grooves help with the square’s acoustic treatment

LEVEL 03 10 m FFL

olfactory by adding a layer of carbon to the timber cladding, the panelling will help absorb bad odours of the city iconic the charred finish look will not fade and is maintenance free + the treatment gives the wood a more expressive colour, more visual appeal haptic the grooved texture of the timber will allow those who have hypo-sensitive ASD to feel comfortable through allowing them to “sensory seek”

LEVEL 02 7 m FFL

LEVEL 01 4 m FFL

Application cladding concrete columns

facade public syntax facade seating beer garden

GROUND LEVEL 0m

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“

PEOPLE WITH AUTISM ARE MORE LIKELY TO HEAR COLOURS + SEE SOUNDS Gholipour, B., 2013

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”

i. Senses

Chapter 7 SENSORY DESIGN ELEMENTS

ii. Sensory Concepts iii. Analysis iv. Majors & Minors v. Comparitive analysis

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MOMENT #1 ACTIVE LANEWAY CULTURE Accessibility, activation & public square In terms of urban programming, I have focused on four moments in time [urban spaces]. The first of these is the potential that reintroducing Jacobs Street has to the city of Geelong with this proposal being used as a gesture of giving the site back to the public. There is a potential to build up the pedestrian laneway culture that the Hoddle Grid is renowned for. The positioning of the nodal square is based off the group masterplan’s idea to create an open public square where we believed the enclosure + exclusive space that currently prevails began. This desire to create an epicentre at this point was then enhanced by abstracting the composition of the chosen Vienna case study where the open space circulation transitionally ramped down to create an amitheatre; a place to meet, interact, play.

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Taking this concept & stitching it into the site the concept of a public square is created through the site’s circulation transitioning to a central square; a place to meet, interact, play.

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olfactory helps absorb the odours that are common in laneways & has restorative effects

IA C REE R

MOMENT #1 ACTIVE LANEWAY CULTURE Sustainability, accessibility & colour palette

sonic having greenery growing along the top of the bridge will absorb the sound of the city creatic an acoustic break between internal & external spaces. Due to the spectacular autumn foliage coverage it also adds an added sounds during autumn along Jacobs Street iconic greenery supports cognitive development + encourages explorative & discovery skills & helps people engage with the environment as it can enhance visibility. due to the seasonal changes it also allows new facets of colour to emerge

N RA

BLA

IR O

olfactory skateboarders grinding metal on their skateboards can also enhance the ambiance sonic the use of iron railing as part of the vertical skatepark is to create activated noise of skateboarders using the space iconic the reasoning behind using black iron is so that the metal isn’t reflective

ND CEM LA sonic concrete has been used along the sides of Jacobs Street in order to enhance the sounds of active laneway culture

L E STO

sonic like concrete, the sound of cobblestones when shoes pitter patter along them enhances the sounds of active laneway culture haptic the rough texture of cobblestones slows down people in order to take in the ambiance of the space & also imbues the rough textures that laneways are commonly associated with

gastromic coloured stones like those on the activated play edge a often evoke an awareness of mouth & taste

A ST B R I C K

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By building up a mixture of textures, Jacobs Street is able to evoke movement & the desire to create laneway culture, with activated edges on the street itself seen through the vertical skatepark on the right and the interactive urban art such as hopscotch on the left. This not only allows for extra activation within the space, but it also means that pedestrians can use the space even in the limited times where service vehicles might use the street, like when the local rubbish truck collects the rubbish from the café, bakery & supermarket in the early hours of Tuesday morning, whilst residents are still making their way home from the beer garden. The brick walls enclosing every second shop on the left gives texture & a canvas for teenagers to create street art & backdrops for performances.

iconic the use of portland cement shows the local use of materials & heritage of Geelong

sonic Brick walls with porous backing materials are often used as a sound absorbing treatment allowing for sound absorbtion between internal & external interfaces iconic brick gives off the comfort that as a material it is a good insulator & fire resistance haptic use of natural, rough, grainy texture imbues high thermal mass & warmth of material + creates comfort for those with hypo-sensitivity gastromic colourful graffiti can evoke an awareness of mouth & taste

MOMENT #1 ACTIVE LANEWAY CULTURE Iterative reflective scenario identification & inference

student

HERITAGE

74.8% population

As a teenager I had an accident from skateboarding + due to being a diabetic that injury got infected resulting in one of my legs being amputated. Due to this I am a proud amputee + although I can wear my prosthetic, I spend a lot of my time in my wheelchair. One thing that people are unaware of is just how much effort it is to wheel myself up even the smallest incline. I am pleased that Market Square’s new design has gradients that are comfortable for me to move around in [with a minimum gradient of 1:30] but I feel that it doesn’t take into account that I may want to quickly go from the cafe to Jacobs Street to play with my mates who are skateboarding. The issue is that the ramping laneway creates these unintentional barrier kerbs that mean I have to go the long way round to enter the street, which just isn’t fun... I wonder whether there is a way to create the feeling of the nodal square without playing with the topography of the site?

”

The first iteration of the square although accomplished the concept of a meeting ground & incorporated several sensory agents in its design all whilst exceeding Australian disability standards, did not take into consideration the experience of personal interaction that a sensitive individual might have with the space whether that individual be a person with a disability, a pregnant lady, a mum pushing a pram, small children, an injured person, a sick person, an aged person, someone with a suitcase or bags, or a trolley or a bin. The experiental consideration within this first iteration was not inclusive. Therefore by shifting this transitional assemblage from the vertical plane to the horizontal plane. I first explored ways in which I could create this notion of path, movement, activated edges of play & pause. Starting with the symbolic way of creating comfort in pedestrian movement through the use of vertical stipes, I then progressed to ensuring continuous movement along the main street line through not having line markings but simply utilising the materiality of sand to evoke movement. Then exploring the activated edges, the concept looked at well if movement is linear then points are pause or in this case checkers. Finally taking this understanding, and ensuring the left edge is about pause, the central line of the street is about movement & the skatepark is about interstitial movement I was able to translate the transitional assemblage of the vertical ramp into a textured path.

WILLIAM 27 YEARS OLD

Hey I’m William + I am a student at Deakin University’s Waterfront campus. I am currently studying my Master of Architecture [Research]. Having moved to Geelong from my home town of Colac just east of the regional city I am faccinated with the grandeur of the big city. I am incredibly intreged by the new Market Square as I find comfort in rolling around the open ground plane + taking in all of the sounds, views + smells of the place.

Peoples sense of gradient is extraordinarily sensitive, yet most urban environments don’t fully take this into consideration.

si de

“

REFLECTION :

PERSONA #01

reality

Vertical tansition

Horizontal tansition

Horizontal Movement

Pedestrian Street

Pedestrian Pause

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MOMENT #1 ACTIVE LANEWAY CULTURE Accessibility, activation & public square

ITERATION #1

ITERATION #2

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adding staggered elements of... R FA C

TUR

TER

AT U R

GHT

OISE

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C UT GR

sonic helps absorb the noise of the city

MOMENT #1 ACTIVE LANEWAY CULTURE Accessibility, activation & public square

olfactory grass absorbs a lot of the harsh reverberating noises of the city gastronomic the smell of fresh cut grass creates transient smells to the space.

The refined square iteration brings together all of the prominent public space sensory agents of this proposal. This culmination of sensory agents landmarks a physical & metaphysical public square spatial typology. It combines multiple other spatial moments in the project to create a meeting place; a multi-use landmark thats manifests & synthesizes the many sensory layers + activities of the city to produce a network grid of culture + society.

iconic breaking up the rough texture of the cobble stones, the green grass allows for green reprease, &helps people enhance visibility.

KE D SAN D

haptic feeling grass can help improve sleep, reduce pain, decrease muscle tension & lower stress. sonic helps absorb the noise of the city iconic sand often is used to insinuate movement haptic sand is linked to many tactile & therapeutic benefits sonic black absorbing grooves help with the square’s acoustic treatment

B N

SU G I

olfactory by adding a layer of carbon to the timber, the wood panelling will help absorb the bad odours of the city

L E STO

haptic the grooved texture of the timber will allow for sensory seeking touch

iconic the absorbtion of light within the colour black will allow for change + control within the space

sonic acoustic reverberation iconic there uneven surface of cobblestones creates pattern, texture & depth

TECH

W AT E R F

T U RE

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haptic the rough texture of the cobble stones creates engagement, culture + communication

sonic helps disguise background & unwanted noises of the city iconic play with light through water refraction + colour changing LED lights to help shape the space’s ambience. In addition to this water makes a space more dynamic

S C E N TE

It’s hard within the urban realm to control non-visual sensory elements as elements such as smell, sound & taste tend to dissipate quite fast. Through the insertion of LED lights and sound system into the lighting poles the idea it to help create some of that ambience that is initially lost to the urban realm.

olfactory Positive behaviour change that occurs when people smell a hint of citrus in the air including reduced stress, improving sleep, enhanced recovery from illness, discourage s people from littering, + potentially reducing vandalism

haptic Although the tree is an evergreen meaning that it does not seasonly shed its leaves, it does shed bark which curls & flakes off in spring

L I N G WA

iconic looking at greenery has a calming effect on people & help regulate emotions. The pink tint of the bark adds to this calming effect.

4.4 metres

sonic The use of 20m tall native evergreen trees allows for these pillars to absorb the noise of the city whilst also attracting birds to the area, to hear their sonic music.

LEM

N-

SMART MULTI-FUNCTIONAL LIGHTING POLES

MOMENT #2 CITY CALMING COURT Assembly, reprease & market place

sonic the sound of running water helps mask distracting background sounds gastronomy The precense of water can also help you to feel hydrated iconic looking at water can help calm & sooth the soul haptic water play helps young children learn about warm, cold, wet, dry.

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MOMENT #2 CITY CALMING COURT Assembly, reprease & market place This spatial moment creates a flat open plane that support a multiplicity of occupational opportunities. Through the creation + distribution of open space the City Calming Court encourages imagination + free thought. The flexibility of this space provokes creativity; through users interaction with sensory agents, this space creates a language of community ownership. Unlike the previous moment, where the space was designed to create culture by emphasising major sensory agents for sensory seekers, this space aims at alleviating the atmosphere of the city, to create a quiet place, where the dissipation & lack of sensory overload is what makes the space memorable. It is designed for those who are hypersensitive to sensory agents.

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MOMENT #2 CITY CALMING COURT major + minor sensory agents Through analysing moments such as these, through the lens of my thesis, I was able to abstract the notion of the need for major & minor sensory agents within the design of space, in order to create sensory responses & thus memory. These sensory responses, not only differ from scenario to scenario, but also through the subjective lens of the user, as well as the lens of time. 1.

coffee

activated interfaces sandy paths people talking gastromic amenities

For instance, by looking this vignette of the city calming court, we can first note that even though this space was designed to dissipate sensory overload, there is still a combination of both major & minor sensory elements that exist. Then by viewing the space through the lens of our second persona we can see that she focuses on the more prominent elements such as the textured surfaces, smells coming from the café & visual stimulants that have come out of the art studio. Meanwhile, whilst looking through the lens of our third persona, we can see that he uses a completely different compilation of sensory agents, thus suggesting that even though I can design a space with a certain atmosphere in mind, the ways in which the users of the space interact with that said space at that moment in time is unique, transient & fleeting. Just because Priya interacts with this set of spatial agents this time does not mean she will have the same sensory experience the next time. The only way to truely capture a space is to experience it, interactive with it, let it stimulate you & thus create memories within it.

MAJOR

loud

textured

active

artificial

life

MINOR syntax facade concrete transition paths

quiet

smooth

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passive

fresh

form

fresh flora

sound absorbing lawn creamy timbers

artwork

coffee

textured brick

artificial sounds cafe food

Hello, I’m George

Hi! I’m Priya

limestone plaster

building form

smell absorbing shou sugi ban non-resonant sand paths

rosewood scented framing

freshly mown grass lemon scented gums trickling water

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MOMENT #2 CITY CALMING COURT Iterative reflective scenario identification & inference REFLECTION :

“ PRIYA 4 YEARS OLD kindergartener

1.8%

population

PERSONA #02

Hi my name is Priya - I am 4 years old + I am enrolled in the new Childs Play at Market Square. As a child I am into everything big that stands out - I want to run, jump, touch, eat + play with everthing in sight. When my mum is running late to drop my sister off at school her + I go to the bakery downstairs to get a custard lattice which I love. And then while my mum has a coffee I play in amongst the trees + grass + listen to the sounds that come out of the speakers. One thing you should probably note about me is that I have high-functioning autism meaning that it is not obvious to those around me. Although I am very friendly I can get overwhelmed at times. That one of the great things about the city calming court - the concrete columns are lined with shou sugi ban panelling. This panelling not only absorbs a lot of the odours that come from car fumes, etc. [Circle Wellness Studios, 2021] but their dark colour absorbs background noise, which is enhanced by the grooves between the panels [New London Architecture, 2021]. To add to this, the paths not only use sand as a material that has been linked to many beneficial tactile + therapeutic benefits [Lu, L., et al. 2010], it also is sound absorbing as an additional way to control the soundscape of the court [Rudnick, I., Nyborg, W. L., 1948].

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By making Market Square permeable so as to create a more interactive experience, attention needs to be paid to the acoustic treatment of the interfaces between the different spaces so as to ensure no undesired sound resonates. Sound not only effects out quality of life, it effects our health, our social behaviour & our productivity. Ambience is the is the spatial understanding of sound. This sound affects us psychologically, physiologically, cognitively & behaviourly. Sound is how we communicate to one another. Communication requires sending & receiving sonic information. However, if the space I’m sending the information in is not effective that communication cannot happen. For instance, if Priya is in childcare & all she can hear is the bus station on Moorabool street, she is not going to be able to communicate with those around nor is she going to be able to interactive effectively with the space around her.

SEND

RECEIVE

SPACE

Spaces tend to have noise & acoustics naturally due to a number of elements. By using sound absorbing elements, it will allow for people like Priya to interact with Market Square without being overly stimulated.

LEVEL ONE 0

200

800 MM

O U ST

IC OUDS

200

HEXAG O

WOOD PLASTIC COMPOSITE

sonic Ceiling clouds are designed to effectively reduce reflected sound in large and open environments as well as to delineate space. iconic The added benefit of using ceiling clouds is that you can choose the shaping & colour of the clouds as desired.

sonic timber is a natural acoustic absorbing material

TIN T

olfactory the light aromatic scent of rosewood not only smells amazing, timber also helps absorb bad odours haptic the use of natural materials such as timber can help children develop complex neurological connections & enhance their memory. it also has been shown to reduce anxiety + due to it being a more fragile material, it is more likely to be responsive to user’s interaction with it.

ROS

PI ACOUSTIC FILM

SCENTE

A MING

ROSE PINK TINT GLASS

SE W O

HEXAGON ACOUSTIC CLOUDS

sonic by using double glazed glass with acoustic film between a lot ofsound travel between spaces can be mitigated whilst still allowing for light & visual interaction to prevail iconic rose pink tinted glass can create the feeling of calm.

PACKED SAND

ACOUSTICEL G8

STIC EL

GROUND

sonic this sound proofing material really helps reduction of impact noise through separating floors haptic produced using EPDM Recycled Rubber

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MOMENT #3 TIME, SPACE + PLACE Iterative reflective scenario identification & inference

“

REFLECTION : PERSONA #03

Hello my name is George! I come from the outback but moved to the city due to my age in preparation for retirement. Before retiring I am working as a grounds keeper for the new Market Square where it is my responsibility to work in different parts of the square at different times of the day on an annual basis.

GEORGE 68 YEARS OLD tradie

population

My favourite part of the site is the city calming court as the sensory agents that have been implemented gives me some reprease from the hustle & bustle of the city, which I hate! However, these calming elements remind me of my more rural home. The reason I moved to Market Square is due to the new apartments towards the centre of the of the square incorporated affordable housing & hyper-proximity to amenity. One of the things that got me over the line about my decision to move here is that although the city is quite dense apartment style units, which is usually too much for my liking it has been designed in a way that sits comfortably within the urban context of Geelong. Having to maintain the grounds means I have a pretty good idea of how the structure works + I noticed that when designed considerations were made to allow for future vertical extensions...

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Although one of the main drivers for introducing residential housing programmes to Geelong’s CBD was to create medium-density affordable living that has hyper-proximity to amenities & public transport infrastructure, keeping within the existing building envelope is in keeping with the current context urban fabric of Geelong [see pages 36-37]. In addition to this, research by Dovey & Woodcock [2012] suggests that the most positive response rate & for existing communities is 4-5 storeys & that a lot of residents find that by increasing the heights of buildings streets can become ‘canyonistic’ [p. 71]. As Little Malop Street already has issues with solar access to it with the current building envelope, there were considerations made in order to not detract from the democratic space of the site. In keeping with this, given the current state of the world where both city & employment trends are shifting there may not be a need to have extreme uptake rates within the city of Geelong. Therefore the purpose of this proposition would be to implement some housing diversity to both the CBD & the city of Geelong, & to allow for affordable housing outcomes. By affordable housing outcomes I mean allowing for liveable housing stock that is keeping in line with Plan Melbourne’s 20-minute neighbourhood principle [Rodda, A. et al. 2020]. If there is a shift in the concentration of employment away from the CBD model, the demand for housing within this area isn’t going to need to intensify as much as the pre-COVID-19 employment trends predicted. In addition to this, due to housing trends at this current time, people are more resistant to high-density living such as apartment towers than they were prior to COVID-19. Therefore, I decided that at this time the proposed urban scale is appropriate for the future, & that this proposition should be seen as more of a catalyst for change within the area, shifting housing trends away from single dwelling lots to increased medium-density mixed-use affordable housing stock & increased hyper-proximity to amenity to residents in Geelong. And by enlisting this change, this proposition hopes to enhance the importance of good-quality, democratic, public space within Geelong’s CBD in order to create a more inclusive & memorable CBD. In saying that, given the need to allow for all future outcomes, considerations have been made to allow for a future where there is an increased demand for high-density living due to potential strains on the land such as increased infrastructure costs, increased maintenance expenses, excesseive transport energy waste & pollution, increased commuting time & more bedroom communities. In order to keep the integrity of the existing built environment, one suggestion would be to add more diverse housing stock to surrounding enclosed blocks such as Market Square in order to allow for added fine grain blocks like that of Westfield on the other side of Malop Street. Some division has already been suggested to this block as part of this proposal in order to allow for McCann & Jacobs Streets to continue as pedestrian laneways down to the water. In this scenario, collaboration with Monash students who are exploring this block as part of their Semester 1, 2021 thesis studio would help to resolve this. The other consideration that has been allowed is that of the possibility of a vertical extension to the

MOMENT #3 TIME, SPACE + PLACE Interstitial moments in time

public syntax facade

proposed building structure. This would capitalise on the existing building footprints, whilst stratisfying the spatial syntax facade further along the vertical plane. With that said give the permanency spatial syntax of the site, this would most likely occur towards the centre of the site, not within the focus area of the Moorabool Street - Jacobs Street block. With this thought in mind, this extension could eventuate to become a landmark for the city, with the facade having a really dramatic effect on a structure that protrudes 8-10 storeys in the air. By allowing for this vertical extension, we would almost be ensuring that Market Square doesnt revert back to an enclosed exclsive space due to horizontal extensions to the built form but continues along with this proposals gesture of giving back more of the urban realm to the street & to the open space of Geelong’s community. Taking this into consideration, in a future where density within Geelong’s CBD needs to be densified further, this would be justifiable given the structure & the facades ability to morph & extend to give Market Square some additional scale.

carpark inspired column + slab structure

By extending the permanent residential buildings, this would not only exemplify the facade, but it would also line up with the plaque marking where the original clock tower stood, as it is towards the central section of the site. Nevertheless, at this stage a building of that height would be questionable in the Geelong context [although there are some buildings of this height closer to Deakin]. By keeping within the current building envelope, solar casting is kept to a minimum, it allows the building to site nicely within the urban fabric & more attention can be given to the ground floor plane. After all, there is no current residential housing stock within Geelong’s CBD so I am resistent to go to extreme with the uplift as it is this change which tends to halter any actual change.

existing solomon building landmarks

Thesis 2021 | 99

MOMENT #3 TIME, SPACE + PLACE Interactive moments in time The activated edges that run along Jacobs Street allow users to still walk with ease along the street in the small increments of time where service vehicles use the street. For instance, in the wee hours of Tuesday morning when the local rubbish truck collects the rubbish from the café, bakery & supermarket, whilst some residents are still making their way home from the beer garden & others are starting their early morning routine. This is inspired by the heirachy of streets in Amsterdam where they have already successfully implemented this idea of car-free streets. During these times the square’s water features retract into the ground. winter night

Market Square on a cold winters night incorporates LED lights within the sensory agents of the public square grid so as to allow users to play with the lighting ambience of the space [with the potential for the lights to array a sectrum of colours]. The use of LEDs not only ensure no distracting flickering that is associated with fluorescent lights, but it allows for the lights to be dimmed & brightened at different times. The default colour tint for the space is rose pink as this has a calming effect making people feel more comfortable to be within the space, at a time where people tend to be less comfortable. As night time is blacker, the use of acoustic additions to the space through the sound systems is enhanced.

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spring dawn

The flexibility of space within the city calming court combined with the disappate relief of unwanted smells & sounds meanings this space’s flexible design allows for many programmes to happen within its confines, responding to the natural fluctuations of time. Depending on the time of the year, on weekends you can find outdoor cafés, markets, horticulture displays, art & sculptures displayed within the court, allowing for the space to adapt to the seasonal fluctuations of Geelong. On this Sunday autumn morning you can find the local farmers market selling their autumnal seasonal produce as well as the food produced by Market Square’s hydroponic garden. summer day

An average summer day in the square where the large lemon-scented gums are going their job of providing shade across the site. In addition to this, the water features create habitual cooling systems in the public square & the city calming court. The insertion of green grass checkers that break up the cobblestoned activated edges of Jacobs Street are also acting as a refreshment from the heat of the Victorian summer time. Families gather at the cafe to treat themselves to a cool beverage in the enclosed oudoor space, with the high atrium void creating a cross breeze & naturally air conditioning the space. autumn morning

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MOMENT #3 TIME, SPACE + PLACE Interactive moments in time The final urban space of the site is the interstitial oasis of the beer garden. This outdoor beer garden doesn’t only add to the gastronomic feel of the Jacobs Street laneway in the evenings when it sell the site’s local microbrew & customers spill out over the garden to drink, interact & be merry but during the times that it is not operating the space’s urban furniture serves other purposes.

Although this space was initially driven by a programmatic response to sensory explorations whereby the beer garden allowed for multiple major & minor sensory elements to coincide. It was through an iterative process trying to understand how this space would be captured at different moments in time that it truely took shape.

The morphology of the beer garden has been conditioned to communicate a language of relaxation, participation & intimacy. As the grooved street seats ripple they create this nuance of movement. Yet the undulating breadth of the passageway means that users interact with the space in a differentiating way to that of the linear laneway of Jacobs Street & the assemblage arrive court along Moorabool Street. With the laneway facilitating necessary activities & the city calming court allowing for optional activities, the beer garden caters more towards social activities. This space not only creates an additional variety in the type of public space that Market Square offers, it creates an added variety of street furniture to the site.

The great thing about beer gardens is that they can be outdoor public spaces, with furniture being borrowed or given back to the public realm. When this space is not being used for a beer garden it can service other needs. Whether that be as a park bench for mums to sit & chat on during the day whilst their little ones climb & explore the parametric street furniture, or whether it is as a place for a homeless sole to find respite at night. It is this variation in need that drove the design of the space’s seating. The idea is that this seating can allow for all of these different experiences to evolve, as the many facets of the space is interacted with by different people at different moments in time. Through parametric iterative process the final design of this space was encapsulated by the street furniture itself, with the street furniture taking inspiration from Miralles Tagliabure’s Hafencity Public Space urban furniture in Germany. The use of parametric design processes & materiality of the seating, also ties the furniture in with the building facade & structural columns, enhancing the cohesiveness of the project.

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“

PEOPLE WITH AUTISM ARE MORE LIKELY TO HEAR COLOURS + SEE SOUNDS Gholipour, B., 2013

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i. Defining Market

Chapter 8 CONCLUSION

ii. Defining Square iii. Defining Public Space iv. Defining Multi-Sensory Design

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WHAT IS ‘PUBLIC SPACE’ Defining its role & image

WHAT CONSTITUTES A ‘MARKET’ Defining its role & image

WHAT CONSTITUTES A ‘SQUARE’ Defining its role & image

Public space is something that we in the realm of architecture & urban design investigate for the longevity of our career. It is something that we as designers are constantly trying to shape & change into what we perceive to be the ideal atmosphere for that space. Yet, when it comes to what actually needs to go into this [or what this looks like from a systems-based thinking] the outcomes are ill-defined & subjective. And, it is this subjectivity where in fact lies the answer - public space, along with that of any space, is not an entity where we can define its atmosphere, as atmosphere is subjective & based on what agents’ individuals, collectives & societies choose to resonate with. Thus, it can be derived that atmosphere is not stagnant, it is continuous constant & transitioning always. Markets create the seasonal civic variaton needed in an ever-changing world. They are socially constructed arenas where repeated exchanges are made by programmes + users.

Civic Spaces are an extension of the community and traditionally at their cores are civic squares = meeting places. By reinstating & reconceptualising Market Square to its former public meeting ground, in turn we will be creating a place where people can access connection & community; where everyone can be included. As people move throught this heart of Geelong’s public realm, the will [hopefully] strengthen the connection between the people & space thus creating identity, comfort, sanctity, inclusivity and acceptance - to be a successful square, there needs to be pedestrian accessibility; inclusivity. A square surrounded by lanes of fast-moving traffic will be cut off from pedestrians and deprived of its most essential element: people! - Project for Public Spaces, 2005

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INTERACTIVE MEMORY [THESIS] A multi-sensory design research thesis SPACE

USER

SENSORY AGENTS

The ways in which we should design is through multi-sensory agents in order to allow for more likely atmospheres to arise, as it is these agents that stimulate people in order to create memories through sensory responses. These agents should not simply consist of visual aspects, as we as designers should be designing for experience & not appearance. By ensuring that we as designers, design by integrating the identified major & minor sensory agents outlined within this thesis, we are able to create more stimulating spaces that are memorable for not only people who interact with the visual & haptic elements [that current prevail many designs today], but for people who use their other senses to create memories, or those who interact with different agents depending on their profile or their reasoning for interaction. Space is simply how we facilitate time. And it is this relationship between time & space that is exemplified by people. The symbiotic relationship between people & space defines the urban realm & the social realm of our cities. Memories occur when people within these momentary spaces are stimulated by sensory agents, which in effect causes sensory memory responses. People also have their own internal ‘clocks’[concepts of time], and although they interact with space in different ways, they innately know which spaces are more comfortable to be in, which spaces are good to pause, which spaces allow you to move quickly through them & which spaces allow you to interstitially interact with them due to their interpersonal relationship with these agents, & the psychological, physiological, cognitive & behavioural effect that they have on us as agent receptors. As space can be seen as continual, it is the interstitial interactions with spatial agents that allow uses to transition through space in order to experience new sensory responses from that of the experience before. It is our duty as designers to ensure that these spatial agents exist within our cities, to ensure that people are interacting with their environment in a memorable way as it is through memory that we create identity, & it is through the dissapation of memories that we lose that identity; that inclusivity to that space, to that community, to that city. Thus, it is sensory agents that enable the relationship between space & people by enabling different potential ambient atmospheres for different selves at different times, thus concluding that it is the presence or absence of sensory agents that can enable or disable this relationship & that can enable or disable inclusivity within cities. Memories are everevolving through the ever-changing concept of time, therefore by enabling multiple flexible atmospheres to occur within one space through sensory agents, we are enabling all selves to create memory, rather than designing with limited sensory agents within space due to the preconceived idea that space should aim to have only one atmosphere.

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Appendix BIBLIOGRAPHY

Anderson, M., 2006, Shadow Box Light Study - Architectural Design Studio, verladams, [online], Available: http://www. verladams.com/gallery/teaching/architecture/shadow_box/ light_study.html

Lupton, E., Lipps, A., 2018, The Senses : Design Beyond Vision, Princeton Architectural Press, New York, [online], Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/swin/reader. action?docID=5348705

ArchDaily, 2011, Block A Noordstrook / Dick van Gameren architecten, [online], Available: https://www.archdaily. com/167540/block-a-noordstrook-dick-van-gameren-architecten

McLean, K., 2016, Temporalities of the Smellscape: Kyiv, Sensory Maps, [online], Available: https://sensorymaps. com/?projects=temporalities-of-the-smellscape-kyiv

ArchDaily, 2014, Building Carmen Martín Gaite / Estudio Beldarrain, [online], Available: https://www.archdaily. com/484237/building-carmen-martin-gaite-estudio-beldarrain

New London Architecture, 2021, The building that will house the world, YouTube, [online], Available: https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=z5ZfH2JUQ8I&ab_channel=NewLondonArchitecture

Carrington, B., 2016, Living the crisis through ten moments, Lawrence Wishart, No. 62, pp. 148-160, [online], Available: https://lwbooks.co.uk/product/living-the-crisis-through-tenmoments-soundings-64-winter-2016

Nyborg, W. L., Rudnick, I., 1948, Acoustic Absorption in Sand and Soil, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 20, pp. 597-598 [online], Available: https://asa.scitation.org/doi/ pdf/10.1121/1.1917021

Circle Wellness Studio, 2021, Our Materials: bring life and purpose to our work, [online], Available: https:// circlewellnessstudios.com/materials-we-use/

Pintos, P., 2019, Marmalade Lane Cohousing Development / Mole Architects, ArchDaily, [online], Available: https://www. archdaily.com/918201/marmalade-lane-cohousing-developmentmole-architects

Kat, 2021, Sound Maps, Pinterest, [online], Available: https:// www.pinterest.com.au/pin/728809152170405068/ Kinfolk, Norm Architects, 2019, The Touch: Spaces Designed for the Senses, Gestalten, Berlin. Lu, L., Peterson, F., Lacroix, L., Rousseau, C., 2010, Stimulating creative play in children with autism through sandplay, The Arts in Psychotherapy, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 56-64, [online], Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S0197455609001002

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Pintos, P., 2021, Wood Housing SEESTADT ASPERN / Berger+Parkkinen Architekten + Querkraft, [online], Available: https://www.archdaily.com/958560/wood-housing-seestadtaspern-berger-plus-parkkinen-architekten-plus-querkraft Rodda, A., Sarkisian, A., Murray, M., Triantis, P., 2020, LiveAble Places, [online], Available: https://issuu.com/amy.rodda/docs/ zoomburbia_folio_part_2

Shute, N., 2011, What A Global Flavor Map Can Tell Us About How We Pair Foods, npr, [online], Available: https://www.npr.org/sections/ thesalt/2011/12/20/144021294/what-a-global-flavormap-can-tell-us-about-how-we-pair-foods

Wrld, 2021, Custom Textures, [online], Available: https://docs.eegeo.com/unity/latest/docs/examples/ custom-textures/

Spence, C., 2020, Senses of place: architectural design for the multisensory mind, Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, no. 46, [online], Available: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-020-00243-4 Tagliabure, M., 2015, Hafencity Public Space, Architonic, [online], Available: https://www.architonic. com/en/project/miralles-tagliabue-hafencity-publicspace/5100909 TEDx Talks, 2017, The Power of Inclusive architecture | Arna Mackic | TEDxAmsterdam, YouTube, [online], Available: https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=6DQ1b2atPZA&ab_channel=TEDxTalks The city of Greater Geelong, 2016, Geelong CBD speed limit reduced to 40km/h in early 2017, [online], Available: https://geelongaustralia.com.au/news/ item/8d423fb2bb0a6a1.aspx Woodcock, I., Dovey, K., Davison, G., 2012, Envisioning the Compact City: Resident Responses to Urban Design Imagery, Australian Planners, Vol. 49, edn. 1, pp. 65-78, [online], Available: https://www. researchgate.net/publication/254239853_Envisioning_ the_Compact_City_Resident_Responses_to_Urban_ Design_Imagery

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