THE WATERFRONT REDEVELOPMENT Study case: Muara Angke Fishing Village, Jakarta, Indonesia
ANASTASIA B. ULI
Figure 1. Contextual Map
Being a tourist destination with rich history value, Muara Angke has an old fishing village, east of the Muara Angke mangrove forest (Suaka Margasatwa Muara Angke). Built in 1970 under President Soeharto regime (second President of Indonesia), it is one of the waterfront areas in North Jakarta and has a fishing port (Pelabuhan Ikan Muara Baru), Kali Adem Port to go to Thousand Islands (Kepulauan Seribu), and a fish market. With easy access from Tol Sedyatmo and close to Muara Karang food street and commercial areas (e.g. Mangga Dua, Glodok, and Pasar Pluit) , Muara Angke is a great place to go both for locals and visitors.
Figure 2. Muara Angke Aerial View in 2000 and Site Boundary
High Density Kepadatan bangunan tinggi(>80%) ( > 80% )
Kepadatan bangunan Medium Density sedang ( 40-80%) (40-80%) Kepadatan bangunan Low Density rendah ( < 20 %) (<20%)
Figure 4. Density Map of Muara Angke
Figure 3. Muara Angke Aerial View in 2010 and Site Boundary
Designed to be fishing village and fish market, the growth of illegal housing along the waterfront has change its facade that once was clean and vibrant to slum area. The situation leads to the degradation of quality of life. The life Fisihing village contrasts with the upper class housing district (e.g. Pantai Indah Kapuk and Pluit) around it.
Based on the North Jakarta city guidelines, Muara Angke fishing village has a density rate between 85- 90 percent. It means the area fall into the very dense area category. The perception of Indonesian people that live in the single housing is better than in vertical housing is the main cause of the density. Furthermore, the guidelines shown that the limit of the density rate is 60 percent. Thus, the area needs to be redeveloped. Beside the high density issue, Muara Angke Fishing Village is facing the reclamation plan. The government plans to build a new island to accomodate more upper class housing in the area. The plan threatens the future of the fishing village and being critized by many parties.
Most of the fishing villages in Indonesia are associated with poverty. They donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have access to clean water and live in unhealthy environment. Based on the research, the fishermen built stilt houses on the waterfront using material found on site such as bamboo, wood plank, metal, etc. due to lack of money to buy proper material for their house.
Figure 5 and 6. Illegal Housing in Muara Angke
With monthly income roughly around $200, the fishermen have to spend around $1 for clean water every day which is used by the whole family. To support the daily needs, the wives working at the fish market while the husbands go fishing at the sea. With the population of 1,728 people, the village has the possibility to be evicted from the area since the government has a future planning to change the area into a recreation and business area. Designated to be residential area in future planning North Jakarta city guidelines, Muara Angke Fishing Village has residential unit both single and vertical housing, seafood restaurant, museum and education center, light tower, nature walk and park along the waterfront.
Area GREEN Terbuka SPACE Hijau RTH 30% sepanjang tepi Kali 30% of the area is Angke dan Teluk Jawa hadir dedicated for green space sebagai usaha menanggulangi to reduce the flood banjir dan menjadi area and recreation berkumpul bagi masyarakat It is dan located along area the sekitar pengunjung hijau terbagianddivided dari beberapa riverfront into theme park.theme parks. different
COMMERCIAL ZONE Zona Komersial Terbagi menjadi dua yaitu, Hotel on the north and hotel pada sisi utara site dan restaurantson restoran ikan segarthe padawest. sisi There is art and culture barat terbagi oleh zona seni zone in between. dan kultural
BLUE INFRASTRUCTURE Area Terbuka Biru Waduk Muara Angke
The dam is rejuvenated and merupakan fitur eksisting as spacemenjadi for yangused dikembangkan socialization. Jogging track, node wisata dengan fungsi bike path, mangrove trail, wisata disekitarnya seperti jogging track,area bike along track, the and picnic mangrovewaterfront trail, dan area piknik.
Figure 7. Concept of Redevelopment of Muara Angke
ART & dan CULTURAL Zona Seni Kultural ZONE Peletakan pada tengah site terdiri
Museum, art market, and plaza atas museum, pasar seni, plaza, are located here. backbone taman kawasan seni The dan kultural pedestrian street leads utama the menjadi penerima dan tujuan visitors to commercial zone and wisatawan. the riverfront Future development planzona to Usulan desain jangka panjang add safe and affordable komersial Area ini diusulkan menjadi for vertical housinguntuk designated areafishermen komersial perdagangan dan jasa and low income sebagai buffer antara area community perumahan rusun nelayan dan hotel tepi laut Usulan desain jangka panjang zona Future development plan to perumahan. Kawasan ini diusulkan add safe and affordable untuk area rusunawa nelayan vertical housing designated for sebagai salah satu kebutuhan fishermen and low income kawasan guna menampung community penduduk eksisting dan pendatang
NEW FISHING VILLAGE Zona Perumahan Nelayan Kampung nelayan terletak pada sisi It is located on the west, facing barat site tepat berhadapan dengn the Angke River with easy tepi Kali Angke dan memiliki ruang access to park boat. untuk dermaga kapal their nelayan
The purpose of Muara Angke Fishing Village redevelopment is to give the community a safe and affordable environment. The design concept of the area is to create a resilient community and bring a better quality of life.
To get to the area, the visitors can take the bus or car. The bus stops area designed along the main street and the drop off area in front of the museum. The watchtower is the new landmark of the area. It is a 8 stories high, following the maximum height on the new Muara Angke district guidelines. People can see the aerial view from up above, walk along the waterfront, or cross the bridge to go to the mangrove forest on the west.
Figure 8. Illustration of Muara Angke Aerial View
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Fishing Village Commercial Area + Pedestrian Street 3 Museum + Parking Lot 4 Guest house + Marina + Club House 5 Waterfront Park 6 Mangrove Park 7 Beach + Fishing Boat Park 8 Watchtower + Steps 9 Future Site for Public Housing
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MUARA ANGKE MANGROVE FOREST + NATURAL PRESERVATION AREA
Figure 9. Masterplan
400m
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Size (m) 15,0 15,0 10,0 7,5
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proposed site entrance
Figure 10. Circulation Map
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Figure 11. Pedestrian and Bycicle Path Map
To promote the sustainability, easy access is paramount. Street no.1 is a highway that connect the area with the surrounding. To get around to the area, the visitors can take the bus or car.The bus stops are designed along the main street (no. 2) and the drop off area in front of the museum. As mentioned before, the mangrove forest is located on the west of the village. Based on the North Jakarta district guidelines, 30 percent of the area has to be dedicated for green space. As a design response to the mangrove forest on the west, park and mangrove extension on site are designed and connected by a pedestrian and bycicle bridge. Beside to connect the two sites, the bridge is also to bring more people to enjoy the nature
Jogging track start point
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Gambar 4.28 Sirkulasi pejalan kaki Sumber : Sketsa pribadi, 2013
JAVA SEA ANGKE RIVER Figure 12. Axonometric illustration
LOCAL MARKET PASAR LOKAL
PUBLIC LAUNDRY RUANG CUCI KOMUNAL + & DISHWASHER TABUNG AIR
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Gambar 5.5 Potongan kampung nelayan fasilitas improve parkir perahu LEGEND To dan help Sumber : Sketsa penulis, 2013
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Figure 15. Housing Section
Figure 13. Fishing Village Siteplan
the living space, the design 1 Housing suggested a two floor 2 Green area residential building on the 3 Parking Space waterfront using local 4 Beach + Fishing material to reduce Boat Park building cost. The 5 Local Market ground floor will be 6 Mosque used for motorcycle 7 Comm. Center parking, farming, and 8 Open Space service area while second 9 Green Space floor for private area. There 10 Mangrove Forest are ten houses on each Extention + Trail cluster with green 11 Parking Space below space for urban Highway farming on the center.
Figure 16. Fishing Village Section
By growing their own vegetables, chicken, and ducks, the women in the community can sell fresh meat, fish, vegetables, and other ingridients at the local market on the north. They can also sell their products to the seafood restaurants in the commercial area. The fishing village and commercial area are separated by the local road ( street no. 3b) and parking on street. The boat parking area is designed to be as close as possbile to the village to help the fishermen keeping the fish fresh. The concept of the boat parking is using sand as the surface. It is useful to keep the lifecycle of the boat instead leaving it on the water. Furthermore, the majority of fishermen are Muslim and to address that the area also has the mosque on the center in between community center and open space. In addition, the village also separated by flyover, using the space underneath for parking space as a part of traffic calming strategy.
Figure 17. Fishing Village and Landscape Illustration
On the east of the village, the museum, seafood restaurants, local market in the commercial area are designed to take the visitors to enjoy the scenery. The drop off area is also located in front of Figure 18. Existing Reservoir the museum. And it is a free car area beyond that. The Muara Angke museum is a good place for those who are interested to see the history of the Muara Angke, fishing village, and the mangrove forest in Jakarta. In front of the museum, a square is designed to held various activities , from art festival to wedding party. The education center and mangrove research laboratory can also be found inside the museum. Beside to monitor the mangrove fors condition, the research laboratory is also to raise awareness about the potential of mangrove forest to combat climate change. The tour around the Figure 19. Activities around Reservoir Illustration Muara Angke Fishing Village and learning It takes a lot of effort to clean up the session are also available for both kids and adults. reservoir as well as to build the clean culture -In order to do so, there will be a training session from the local government for the community. The existing reservoir is a great feature in the area. In addition to collect the rainwater, the reservoir now is used to water activities such as boat rent, night market, social place for both locals and visitors. Jogging and bycicle tracks are also built along the site, through the reservoir and the mangrove forest extention. These recreational and social activities will not only increase the economic value of the area, but also will create a sense of place. Also, the community will understand the importance to take care of their village.
Figure 20. Museum and Drop off Area Illustration
Figure 21. Section of Fishng Village, Restaurants, and Museum
Local seafood restaurants are located in the commercial zone, between residential and education zone. It can be reached by walking through the backbone pedestrian street which is dedicated for pedestrian only and service transportation occasionally. The street is 14 meter wide with 3 meter on each side for street cafe, 1.5 meter for green barrier, and 6 meter for circulation.While eating at the restaurants, the visitors can enjoy the view of the sea,mangrove forest,and fishing village.
Figure 22. Backbone Street Pedestrian
The get around the area, visitors can park their car at parking lot. Located across the museum, it is can be reached within a five-minute or Âź mile (400 meter) walking distance. Furthermore, parallel parking is also available along the commercial zone (street no 4). In total, the area has 260 parking spots, 14 bus spots, and 512 motorcycle spots. Having sustainability as the main concept, the thesis is to help the Indonesian government implementing guidelines and design concept to redevelop and rejuvenate poor communities across Indonesia in order to bring a better quality of life.
Figure 24. Housing, Local Market, and Restaurants Section
Figure 23. Restaurants Illustration