HAPPY, HEALTHY CHERNOBYL

ПЕТЕР ВЕНСТРА/ LOLA LANDSCAPE ДЖЕЙСОН ХІЛГЕФОРТ/ LCC ХУЛІАН РЕСТРЕПО/ TALLER В ПАРТНЕРСТВІ ІЗ AFORMAL ACADEMY, CANACTIONS SCHOOL,ТА URBAN CURATORS.

PETER VEENSTRA/ LOLA LANDSCAPE JASON HILGEFORT/ LCC JULIAN RESTREPO/ TALLER CO-HOSTED BY THE AFORMAL ACADEMY, CANACTIONS SCHOOL, AND URBAN CURATORS.

ЩАСЛИВИЙ, ЗДОРОВИЙ ЧОРНОБИЛЬ!

HAPPY, HEALTHY CHERNOBYL РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ ВОРКШОПУ В КИЄВІ, 21-28 ЛИПНЯ 2018 RESULT OF THE WORKSHOP IN KYIV, 21-28 JULY 2018

У ЦІЙ КНИЗІ МИ ВИКОРИСТОВУЄМО “ЧОРНОБИЛЬ” ДЛЯ ПОЗНАЧЕННЯ МІСТА ТА 30-ТИ КІЛОМЕТРОВОЇ ЗОНИ, ЩО УТВОРИЛАСЬ ПІСЛЯ ВИБУХУ В КВІТНІ 1986 UKRAINIAN FORMS FOR UKRAINIAN CITY IS CHORNOBYL. HERE WE USE “CHERNOBYL” NAME OF THE CITY AND THIRTY KILOMETER ZONE ITSELF WITH REFER TO THE TIME OF EXPLOSION IN APRIL, 1986.

КОМАНДА/TEAM

Тютори воркшопу - Петер Венстра/ LOLA Landscape, Джейсон Хілгефорт/ LCC, Хуліан Рестрепо/ TALLER Учасники воркшопу - Галицький Дмитро, Олександра Кривцова, Міхаїл Жук, Вадім Муха, Бєлокопитов Нікіта, Слинчук Вікторія Аналіз - Ася Баздирєва Упорядник - Анастасія Пономарьова/ Urban Curators, Олена Дядікова/ Urban Curators, Верстка - Олександра Кривцова

Tutors - Peter Veenstra/ LOLA Landscape, Jason Hilgefort/ LCC, Julian Restrepo/ TALLER Workshop partisipants - Galitsky Dmitry, Kryvtsova Oleksandra,Michael Zhuk, Mukha Vadym, Nikita Bielokopytov, Viktoria Slynchuk Analysis - Asia Bazdireva Editors - Anastasiya Ponomaryova/ Urban Curators, Olena Diadikova/ Urban Curators, Layout - Oleksandra Kryvtsova

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ІНТРО/INTRO

Цей буклет стислий огляд поточної ситуації в Чорнобильській Зоні Відчуження, звіт за результати Воркшопу в Києві/2018 та архів деяких відповідних робіт.

The following booklet is a concise overview of a current situation in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, a report about the Workshop in Kyiv/2018 and archive of some relevant works.

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“As the everyday experience of Ukraine’s citizens —sufferers and nonsufferers alike—demonstrates, the Chernobyl aftermath is by no means a phenomenon confined to the past, interpretable as mere psychological trauma, or reducible in terms of scientific absolutes. Rather, it is a dynamic lens for understanding the role of science, economics, ethics, and politics in the arrangement of a postsocialist civil society. Fields as diverse as radiobiology, health physics, molecular biology, neurology, neuropsychiatry, and social psychology contribute to the aftermath’s data-producing enteprise. These sciences define, quantify, psychologize, biologize, and geneticize; their isolated facts can thus obscure the aftermath’s more general dimensions. From an anthropological standpoint, scientific facts become significant in terms of how, in their partiality, they become incorporated into an ongoing struggle for life, understood here as a complex and often painful interplay between technical visions for managing the accident’s effects and lived individual and social disturbances. The vitality of the aftermath’s knowledge-production arises from the changing dynamic betwee the known and the unknown, and the complex ways that people become incorporated into it as subjects, objects, proxies, agents, and victims.”

— Adriana Petryna, Life Exposed: Biological Citizens after Chernobyl

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Into

Reports:

The Exclusion Zone

The following chapter is a concise overview of a current situation in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone and indicates main points that are important for the further speculation about its future.

• IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency. “Environmental consequences of the Chernobyl accident and their remediation: Twenty Years of Experience” Report of the Chernobyl Forum Expert Group ‘Environment’. (2006) • NEA Nuclear Energy Agency “Chernobyl: Assessment of Radiological and Health Impacts. 2002 Update of Chernobyl: Ten Years On” (2002) • IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency. “Chernobyl’s Legacy: Health, Environmental and Socio-Economic Impacts and recommendations to the governments of Belarus, the Russian Federation and Ukraine”. (2003-2005) • “The Human Consequences of the Chernobyl Nuclear Accident. A Strategy for Recovery” (2002) • “Foresight and construction of the strategies of socio-economic development of Ukraine on mid-term (up to 2020) and long-term (up to 2030) time horizons.” (2016) • “Strategy for Development of Kyiv Region up to 2020” (2014) and “Program of socio-economic and cultural development Kyiv region for 2017” (2017).

The Zone of Alienation is an officially designated exclusion zone around the site of the Chernobyl nuclear reactor disaster. Established by the USSR military soon after the 1986 disaster, it initially existed as an area of 30 km radius from the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant designated for evacuation and placed under military control. It covers an area of approximately 2,600 km2 (1,000 sq mi) where radioactive contamination from fallout is highest and public access and inhabitation are restricted.

Its borders have since been altered to cover a larger area of Ukraine. The Chernobyl Exclusion Zone borders a separately administered area, the Polesie State Radioecological Reserve, to the north, in Belarus. The Chernobyl Exclusion Zone is managed by an agency of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine, while the power plant and its sarcophagus (and replacement) are administered separately.

A few major reports were my primary source of information supported by a series of interviews with: Vyacheslav Shestopalov, The Institute of Radiology in the Institute of Geology of Ukraine; Aleksandr Sirota, State Agency of Ukraine on the Exclusion Zone Management ; Vyacheslav Zgonnik, Natural Hydrogen Energy LLC, USA; Sergii Mirnyi, Chornobyl TOUR; Dima Veremenko, ECOCENTER; Elisabeth Fast, fillmmaker, “Roadside Radiation; Nadiia Parfan, filmmaker, co-founder of ‘86’ Festival.

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What are exactly the different zones

Zoning of the Chernobyl Exclusion

The area of the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone and the Zone of Unconditional (Obligatory) Resettlement (the EZ and ZU(O)R) is 2600 km2.

The EZ and ZU(O)R is a territory with strictly restricted access and movement, which is controlled by a block of special laws and regulations. The status of the EZ and ZU(O)R is determined by the Ukrainian legislation, in particular, by the Law of Ukraine ‘On the Legal Regime of the Territory that was Subjeced to the Radioactive Contaminated as a Result of the Chernobyl Accident’. In accordance with the current legislation: The Exclusion Zone is the territory, from which the evacuation of the population was carried out in 1986; the Zone of Unconditional (Obligatory) Resettlement is a territory that was subjected to the intense pollution with the long-lived radionuclides, with a density of soil contamination above the pre-accident level of cesium isotopes from 15.0 Ci/km2 and above, or strontium from 3.0 Ci/km2 and above, or plutonium from 0.1 Ci/ km2 and above, where the estimated effective equivalent dose of human radiation, taking into account the coefficients of migration of radionuclides in plants and other factors, may exceed 5.0 mSv (0.5 rem) per year above of the dose that was received by a man in the pre-accident period.

Zone territory The Chernobyl Exclusion Zone is divided into the territories taking into account the inequality of radioactive contamination of the area, the location of the radioactive waste temporary storage places and radioactive waste disposal sites, available and planned complexes for the radioactive waste processing and storage, as well as elements of infrastructure, various natural conditions (including the need of conservation of the available protected objects), predictions of changes in the radioecological state of the territory, radiation and hygiene peculiarities, introduction of the special regime regulating all activities, the number of the staff and duration of its stay at the territory. The territory is divided into three radiation and regime zones, where a special sanitary and access control regime is introduced.

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Zone I

Zone II

Zone III

Zone I (10 km Zone) is an area within the 10 km radius around the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP), where the main work related to the elimination of the Chernobyl accident consequences (radiation-hazardous works) is carried out under the program agreed with the Regulatory Bodies in accordance with the current normative and legal acts on radiation safety of Ukraine. In case of necessity, according to the results of radiation dosimetry control, especially dangerous work is carried out in accordance with the special regulations with the orders and permits. The territory is divided into two parts, different in density and composition of radionuclide pollution and the nature of activity: • territory of the special danger is a site, where the work is carried out on transformation of the Shelter Object into an environmentally safe system, radioactive waste management, the ChNPP decommissioning, protection of the floodplain of the Pripyat River from flooding during the floods, sanitary and fire protection measures in forests; • territory of the high danger is a site, where the elements of the production activity and the infrastructure of the EZ and ZU(O)R to provide production activity are concentrated.

At these territories, it is envisaged to introduce various regulations on occupational safety and radiation protection of personnel.

Zone II (buffer) is a territory from the border of the 10 km zone to the external boundary of the Exclusion Zone (except the Chernobyl Town) with a low density of radioactive contamination, which is perspective for returning to the national economic use. This zone is characterized by the limitation of activities.

Within its boundaries, it is planned to carry out forest-related activities taking into account the prospect of the return of this territory to the national economic use. Some sites can be used as research and other polygons. The buffer zone includes a protected zone (not less than 10 percent of the natural land). At the territory of the protected zone, a regime is observed that eliminates the disturbance of the natural course of self-recovery of ecosystems by limiting the presence of personnel in accordance with the status of the reserve. The works within this zone are carried out in accordance with monthly schedules.

Zone III (location of the shift personnel) combines part of the territory of the Chernobyl Town, where hostels and administrative buildings are located along with adjacent sites, public catering and trade facilities, social-cultural, medical and sanitary facilities, access roads to them.

The main mission of the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone is the protection of the population and personnel from the radioactive contamination, control and limitation of the radiation propagation, implementation of measures for the further elimination of the accident consequences and the permitted industrial activities, as well as support of the ecosystems of the region in the controlled stable condition and assistance in their natural rehabilitation.

Regular radiation and dosimetry monitoring is carried out at the territory and facilities of EZ and ZU(O)R. For the facilities located in each zone, the control levels of radioactive contamination (CL) are approved in the established order.

The values of the CL must not exceed 70% of the values of the corresponding allowable levels.

When leaving the boundaries of the EZ and ZU(O)R, the obligatory radiation control of vehicles, shipment and personnel is carried out.

The exposure dose levels at the territory within the 10 km Exclusion Zone are currently 100-200 μR/h, and the density of the soil contamination by radionuclides is from 800 to 8000 kBq/m2 (but may exceed this value). At the territory of the Buffer Zone, the exposure dose rate is from 20 to 200 μR/h, and the density of the soil contamination varies from 20 to 4000 kBq/m2. The rate of contamination by radionuclides for the territories with population is 37 kBq/m2. The main part of the radioactivity is concentrated in the upper layer of soil (5-10 cm) and in the forest litter. The management of the EZ and ZU(O)R is entrusted to the State Department – Administration of the Exclusion Zone and the Zone of Unconditional (Obligatory) Resettlement (SAUEZM).

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Will this change over time?

Legislation

• The borders of the zones might change due to decay of Cesium-137 and Strontium-90 decay in 2056; • New cartoghraphy is needed after more Americium is formed and migrated due to Plutonium decay; • The law that bans industrial activity in the Zone will be revised soon and replaced with the profit friendly ones.

The legislation base of the project consists of the following regulations • “On the legal regime of the territory undergoing radioactive pollution caused by the Chernobyl catastrophe” 27 Fabruary 1991, No.791а-XII. • Law of Ukraine ‘On the Nature Reserve Fund of Ukraine’ 16 June 1992, No. 2456-XII • Decree of the President of Ukraine ‘On the Announcement of the Natural Territory as the General Zoological Reserve of the National Significance ‘Chornobyl Special’ 13 August 2007 No. 700/2007 • Decree of the President of Ukraine ‘On Creation of the Chernobyl Radiation and Ecological Biosphere Reserve’ 26 April 2016 No. 174/2016 • Law of Ukraine ‘On the Environmental Network of Ukraine’ 24 June 2004 No. 1864-IV • Law of Ukraine ‘On the Basic Principles (Strategy) of the State Environmental Policy of Ukraine for the Period until 2020’ 21 December 2010 No. 2818-VI • Law of Ukraine ‘On Scientific and Scientific and Technical Activity’ 26 Nov. 2015 No. 848-VIII: • Law of Ukraine ‘On the Fauna’ 13 December 2001 No. 2894-III • Law of Ukraine ‘On the Flora’ 9 April 1999 No. 591-XIV • Law of Ukraine ‘On the Red Data Book of Ukraine’ 7 February 2002 No. 3055-III • Law of Ukraine ‘On Fishery, Industrial Fishery and Protection of Water Bioresources’ 8 July 2011 No. 3677-VI • ‘Water Code of Ukraine’ 6 June 1995 No. 213/95-VR • ‘Forest Code of Ukraine’ 21 January 1994 No. 3852-XII • Decree of the President of Ukraine ‘On Additional Measures for the Development of Nature Conservation in Ukraine’ 14 August 2009 No. 611/2009 • Decree of the President of Ukraine ‘On Measures for the Further Development of the Nature Conservation in Ukraine’ 23 May 2005 No. 838/2005 • Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine ‘On the Procedure for the Permit Issue for the Special Use of the

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АНАЛІЗ/ANALYSIS Natural Resources within the Territo ries and Facilities of the Nature Reserve Fund and Set up of the Limits on the Use of the Resources of the National Significance’ 10 Aug. 1992 No. 459 • Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine ‘On the State Protection Service of the Nature Reserve Fund of Ukraine’14 July 2000 No. 112 • Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine ‘On Approval of the Procedure for State Accounting and Cadastre of Plant World’ 22 February 2006 No. 195 • Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine ‘On Approval of the Procedure for the Permit Issue for the Special Use of Water Bioresources in the Fishery Water Facilities (their Parts) or the Refusal to its Issue, Re-issue, Issue of the Duplicate and Cancellation of the above Permit’ dated 30 October 2013 No. 801 • Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine ‘On Approval of Taxes to Calculate the Amount of Damage Caused

by Violation of the Law on the Nature Reserve Fund’ 24 July 2013 No. 541 • Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine ‘On the Amount of Compensation for the Illegal Catch, Kill or Damage of Flora and Fauna Species Included in the Red Data Book of Ukraine, as well as for the Destruction or Deterioration of their Habitat (Growth)’ 7 November 2012 No. 1030 • Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine ‘On Approval of the Procedure for the Implementation of Amateur and Sports Fishery’ 18 July 1998 No. 1126 • Decree of the Ministry of Environmental Protection of Ukraine ‘On Approval of the Instruction on the Application of the Procedure for Set up of the Limits for Use of the Natural Resources within Territories and Facilities of the Nature Reserve Fund of the National Significance’ 24 January 2008 No. 27 • Decree of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine ‘On Approval of the Structure, Content and Procedure for Keeping the Passport of the Wetland of the International Significance’ 27 December 2002 No. 524

• Decree of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Nuclear Safety of Ukraine ‘On Approval of the Regulations on the Green Data Book of Ukraine’ 19 February 1997 No. 17 • Decree of the State Committee for Fishery of Ukraine ‘On Approval of the Rules for Amateur and Sports Fishery and Instruction on the Procedure for Calculation and Submission of Payment for the Special Use of the Water Living Resources during the Amateur and Sports Fishery’ 15 February 1999 No. 19 • Decree of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Nuclear Safety of Ukraine ‘On the Regulations on the Scientific Activity of the Reserves and National Natural Parks of Ukraine’ 1 July 1997 No. 105 • Decree of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine ‘On Approval of the Regulations on the Environmental Educational Work of the Enterprises of the Nature Reserve Fund’ 26 October 2015 No. 399 • “Legislation in Ukraine about the Radiological Consequences of the Chernobyl Accident” [explanation in english]

According to the law, the only industrial activity allowed in the area is the one that is aimed to minimize the consequences of the disaster. Thus, the land is “out of balance“ and non-taxable. This allowed for it to become a grey zone, an enormous and convoluted system of corruption that covers illegal logging, smuggling, export of scrape metal, hunting, etc. etc. Now, since the state agencies have a few plans for development of the area, they need to change the current law to allow the industrial activity within the Zone. The new President’s decree (see the following page) is aming to establish law rent price for the land and make overall changes in the law to adjust them for the upcoming commercial ambitions.

Decree of the President of Ukraine No.196/2018 (July 5th 2018): 1) within six months to ensure the drafting and making in the established procedure for consideration by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine the draft laws: a) ... the revision of the legal regime of zones of radioactive contaminated territories, including the expediency of further action of certain restrictions and prohibitions on the implementation of activities in the exclusion zone b) ...not less than 10 percent of the amount of money transferred according to the law by the customer for the construction of a centralized storage facility for storing spent nuclear fuel ... for the socio-economic development of adjacent territories in proportion to actual capital investments; c) to amend the Tax Code of Ukraine to reduce the payment for land for land in the exclusion zone, the zone of unconditional (mandatory) resettlement, transferred to the permanent use of nature conservation institutions, having determined its size - not more than 15 percent of the size of the land tax, calculated in accordance with the Code; 3)...updating maps of areas of radioactive contamination with the definition and specification of the boundaries of such zones, ensuring the proper financing of these measures;...deepening of international cooperation between the Government of Ukraine and the Government of Japan on the issues of the revival and development of territories.

5)...carrying out by the end of 2018 work on radioecological monitoring of the territories that suffered radioactive contamination as a result of the Chernobyl catastrophe and in which a Chornobyl radiation and ecological biosphere reserve was created, in order to assess and determine the prospects for their further development. completion of work on the establishment of boundaries and the preparation of documentation on land management, registration of the right of permanent use of land within the boundaries of the Chornobyl radiation and ecological biosphere reserve.

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Pollution The pollution is uneven and, appart from the highly contaminated site of the disaster, it is distributed as ‘spots’ within 10 km area. these spots of pollution are the so called ‘tombs,’ in which highly contaminated wood, debris, etc. were buried soon after the disaster.

The south part of the Zone is less polluted (Cesium-137 and Strontium-90 will decay in 2056; yet the pollution Plutonium (while decaying it transforms into Americium, which is more active, thus, dangerous) keeps the land not suitable for agriculture and settlement for approx. 20 000 years according to estimates

by Ukrainian officials (although by 2016, 187 local Ukrainians had returned and were living permanently in the zone).

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Where the pollution, where does it leak into water system Two key elements of the aquatic system within the Zone are the Pripyat river and the cooling pond. Officially it was stated that all contaminants had settled to the bottom “in an insoluble phase” and would not dissolve for 800–1000 years.

Guidelines for levels of radioiodine in drinking water were temporarily raised to 3,700 Bq/L, allowing most water to be reported as safe, and a year after the accident it was announced that even the water of the Chernobyl plant’s cooling pond was within acceptable norms.

Massive silt traps were constructed, along with an enormous 30m-deep underground barrier to prevent groundwater from the destroyed reactor entering the Pripyat River (it will take approx.300 years for radionuclides to reach the river). Groundwater was not badly affected by the Chernobyl accident since radionuclides with short half-lives decayed

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away long before they could affect groundwater supplies, and longer-lived radionuclides such as radiocaesium and radiostrontium were adsorbed to surface soils before they could transfer to groundwater. However, significant transfers of radionuclides to groundwater have occurred from waste disposal sites in the 30 km exclusion zone around Chernobyl. Although there is a potential for transfer of radionuclides from these disposal sites off-site (i.e. out of the 30 km exclusion zone), the IAEA Chernobyl Report argues that this is not significant in comparison to current levels of washout of surface-deposited radioactivity.

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Online monitoring • Environmental Radiation Monitoring in Chernobyl Exclusion Zone- details on environmetal monitoring and some nice maps by Ecocentre.

• Information on radiation situation in the fire-affected area in real-time mode at http://srp.ecocentre.mns.gov.ua/MEDOPS/ index.php?lang=ENG. [online map] • Exposure dose rates in air and on soil measured by the Central Geophysical Observatory at Chernobyl weather station and points in Kiev.

• Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant website with Comprehensive radiation monitoringsystem of Chornobyl Exclusion Zone

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Economic Figures

Real estate value:

Growth remains weak due to the key pending reforms needed to strengthen investor confidence. GDP grew by 2.5% in 2017 and 2.3% in 2016, a weak recovery since it follows a cumulative 16% contraction in 2014–15. The growth of fixed investment slowed in the second half of 2017, while foreign direct investment (FDI) remained weak at 2.1% of GDP in 2017 compared to 5% on average before the crisis. Investor confidence has been affected by the slow pace in adopting key reforms and by delays in completing the reviews of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) program in light of macroeconomic vulnerabilities and uncertainty surrounding the 2019 elections.

Poverty remains above pre-crisis levels but declined slightly in 2017 due to the modest economic recovery and wage growth. The unemployment rate remained steady in the third quarter of 2017 at 9.4% compared to 9.2% the previous year. Real wages grew significantly by 19% in 2017 in part due to higher public sector wages. This, together with the real growth in pensions, led to a further decline in poverty (consumption per capita below US$5.5 per day in 2011 purchasing power parity) to 5.7% in 2017 from 6.4% in 2016 and 7.8% in 2015.

The fiscal deficit was within the target range in 2017 but spending growth, inflation, and the current account deficit (CAD) continued to be high. The fiscal deficit remained flat and on target at 2.4% of GDP in 2017. However, expenditures were up by 11.7% in real terms and reached 42.6% of GDP due to the increase in the minimum wage (resulting in higher wages for teachers, doctors, and civil servants) and higher spending on social programs. This was balanced by strong revenue growth in 2017 that was driven by the payroll tax (20% in real terms due to the hike in wages), the value added tax (17% due to higher proceeds from imports), and the personal income tax (16%).

The land/real estate in the Exclusion Zone is “off balance,“ meaning that it is neither for sale nor for rent. However, the new Decree of the president suggests, by the end of 2018, “to amend the Tax Code of Ukraine to reduce the payment for land for land in the exclusion zone, the zone of unconditional (mandatory) resettlement, transferred to the permanent use of nature conservation institutions, having determined its size - not more than 15 percent of the size of the land tax, calculated in accordance with the Code.

The Zone is located in Ivankiv Raion (‘raion’ - district) - (Ukrainian: Іванківський район) is a district in Kiev Oblast of Ukraine. Its administrative center is the urban-type settlement of Ivankiv. Population: 30,676 (2013 est.)

Today Ivankiv Raion administers the former territory of the depopulated region that is majorly part of the zone of alienation and supervised by the Ministry of Emergencies of Ukraine. The northern part of the Zone is partly located in Poliske Raion (Ukrainian: Поліський район) in Kiev Oblast of Ukraine. Its administrative center is the urban-type settlement of Krasiatychi. Population: 5,926 (2013 est.)

In the north of the region and on the border with Belarus, the real estate in Ivankiv district is inexpensive. There are no cities (except for non-residential Chernobyl) - only numerous small villages (Novi and Stari Sokoly, Stoki, Kovalivka, Dimakova, Musiki, Potaliivka, Domanivka, Piski, Stepanivka, etc. ) and the central town of Ivankiv. The local real estate market is not very diverse: mostly private homes, with little new construction.

Dytiatky is a major checkpoint and a village on the edge of the Zone. It became trendy to buy land/real estate there (in 2008 the house would cost about $5000, these days - about $8000); the price for a house in Ivankiv ranges from $20K to $60K These two regions are largely marginalized. However, Ivankiv Raion has a better transport infrastructure (as opposed to Poliske) and is more suitable for settlements.

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State of infrustructure in Pripyat: is it total loss or can it be reused?

It’s a total loss: • Abandoned builduings are heavily contaminated with Plutonium; • The infrastracture was damaged because of looting and scraping for nonferrous materials; • The buildings have started to collapse; There are discussions about demolishing Pripyat to clear the area for the future industrial projects (the town doesn’t have a ‘protection and conservation’ status).

Tour guides and stalkers are hoping that tourism will proliferate and thus Pripyat remains. Also, since the degradation of the town accelerates, the stalkers (and some workers of the Zone) are fixing buildinnds and remains of infrastructure out of nostalgia and for the sake of tourism. Pripyat’s spectacular interiors today have little in coomon with what was left in 1986.

Within the Exclusion Zone some transmission lines, which formerly ran to the nuclear power station, are still working.

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New Safe Confinement The New Safe Confinement — a giant metal dome sealing the remains of the nuclear accident was installed in 2017.

The dome act as an isolator of the radiation- which after the installation decreased to one-tenth of previous levels.

The NSC was designed with the primary goal of constructing a sarcophagus capable of containing the radioactive remains of Reactor 4 for the next 100 years.

It also aims to allow for a future partial demolition of the original Sarcophagus Object, which was hastily constructed

by Chernobyl liquidators after a “beyond design-basis accident” destroyed the reactor on April 26, 1986.

• Shelter Implementation Plan (SIP) was developed (adopted at the G7 meeting in June 1997) in cooperation of the European Union Commission (EC), Ukraine, the US and a group of international experts. The Plan identified the basic concept, including a number of moves aimed at bringing the Shelter object into an environmentally safe condition.

• The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) is responsible for managing the Shelter Implementation Plan, including overseeing the construction of the New Safe Confinement.

It has been assisting Ukraine to address the challenge of making Chernobyl safe and secure since it was first invited by the country and the G7 to manage dedicated donor funds in 1995. The EBRD-managed Nuclear Safety Account finances two crucial facilities required for the decomissioning of ChNPP: the safe and secure storage of spent fuel from units 1 to 3 and the treatment of liquid radioactive waste.

• The first and the main NSC function is limiting the radiation effects of the Shelter on public, personnel and the environment both in normal operation and in case of emergency situations (for example, in case of collapse of the sarcophagus components due to their ramshackle state or during dismantling activities).

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• The second important NSC function is creating conditions for dismantling of unstable Shelter structures, as well as for removal and sorting of FCM and RAW, removal of accumulated water, and other works inside the Sarcophagus.

• The major issue that it solves is that the original sarcophagus is considered to be structurally unstable, having been built in part on the remains of the ruins of the building that contained reactor 4. There are about 200 tonnes of corium and 30 tonnes of radioactive dust contained inside the sarcophagus. The corium is not an issue if there were a structural collapse, it is too heavy to be moved much offsite. But the dust, ranging in size from 10 to 100 microns is an issue.

• In the event of a collapse of the sarcophagus there would be a new cloud of dust sent up, which would spread: not outside the exclusion zone to any great extent, but certainly inside it.

• Another NSC function is physical protection of the Shelter from external intrusion of any kind. The arch shelters the sarcophagus from rain, which can carry soluble radioisotopes into the water table. Moreover, it includes both the global threat of the earthquake, and simply an unauthorized access of strangers to the FCM and radioactive waste (RAW).

• After the NSC is commissioned, the remnants of the destroyed power unit will still present some hazard, despite the new confinement. The Law of Ukraine “On the National Programme of Chernobyl NPP Decommissioning and Shelter Object Transformation into an Environmentally Safe System” provides for the Shelter transformation into an environmentally safe system by implementing a large range of measures. It is necessary to dismantle unstable Shelter structures, develop FCM retrieval process procedures, and remove and dispose all the RAW remaining in the Shelter. Dismantlement of unstable structures becomes the most burning issue, which should be resolved before the end of the established time limit of Shelter’s stability that is till 2023. However, these works are beyond the scope of works financed through the Chernobyl Shelter Fund, and the source of their financing has not yet been determined.

АНАЛІЗ/ANALYSIS The NSC operation costs will become a burden on the state budget of Ukraine, because in the active phase, according to preliminary estimates, they will exceed operating costs of the Shelter object roughly by 5 times and will amount to about $ 60 million. per year.

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What new opportunities does it bring?

The main tasks after the NSC is slid over the Sarcophagus, sealed and commissioned:while remotely using the already installed cranes system, a) to dismantle Sarcophagus roof, b) to reinforce what is unstable, c) to remove all other structures which can collapse, d) to start figuring it out what to do about all that radioactive mess contained inside the SO. The preliminary plan is to bury that radioactive mess in deep geological formations, however, those are not yet discovered. National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the Institute of Geology are in the process of ‘geological survey’ to find approproate geological conditions; however, they are lacking the financial resources*.

According to the Ecocenter, the infrastracture for dismantling the SO is yet to be calculated, fundraised and built. This will create opportunities for international collaborations, innovations in engeneering, geological research as much as it can become a platform for a conversation about terraforming processes.

NSC primary function was not in decreasing the level of overall radioactive background, however, its commissioning had a positive ‘psychological‘ and bred an image of the Exclusion Zone as a safe place to be. This opened up possibilities for implementation of industrial projects and opening new markets for jobs and resources without significant health risks. Numbers of tourists grow exponentially; building a tourism infrastructure is yet another opportunity, indirectly related to NSC.

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• Financing of the NSC project from the West was planned to be terminated after the NSC commissioning, that is in late 2017. Operation of the NSC is the financial problem of Ukraine only. There is a chance of underfunding of not only dismantling activities inside the SO, but also of the NSC operation in the near future.

• The project was carried out by the French companies, Bouygues and Vinci.

All work on site was carried out under strictest health and safety regulations by a specially trained workforce whose radiation exposure was permanently monitored. There was no single case of exposure beyond permissible limits. The Shelter Implementation Plan is funded by contributions from more than 40 countries, the European Commission and the EBRD.

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АНАЛІЗ/ANALYSIS

Tourism The numbers of visitors are constantly growing. In 2017, some 50,000 people (70% of them foreigners) went to Chernobyl, an increase of 35% compared to 2016, and 350% compared to 2012.

At the main entrance to the exclusion zone, there is even a souvenir kiosk with t-shirts decorated with symbols of black and yellow radioactivity sign and Soviet gas masks made of khaki rubber.

АНАЛІЗ/ANALYSIS

Formally, the architecture acts as an unobtrusive frame for the surrounding Soviet blocks in order to encourage an outward focus.

There are several tourism agencies that profit from the nuclear tourism attractions (they all work in sync with the management of the Zone). Moreover, several Ukrainian travel agencies offer stays in the cities close to Chernobyl. The stays last from one to seven days, and their prices vary between 25 and 650 euros.

The itinerary includes a visit of the new dome covering the damaged reactor and abandoned villages. Chernobyl trips are safe. One day in the area is equivalent to two hours flying over the Atlantic Ocean in terms of absorbed radiation dose.

Some design studions and architects speculate on future of tourism and other possibilities in the Zone. Such as: • Aristo Chen “Forbidden Ground: Evolutionary Natural Legacy and Decaying Disaster Herritage,“ a MLA thesis in Division of Landscape Architecture at HKU. The thesis project is designing evolutionary landscape systems, integrating the time and processes flux strategically to remediate the radiation, unveil embedded power of nature and politics in Chernobyl, through a lens of landscape architecture.

• ZA Architects, “Revitalization of the chernobyl zone. Development of the tourist infrastructure.” Proposal addresses such issues as the socialization of the territory, development of infrastructure elements that facilitate tourism and scientific activity, development of industry, environment protection, and as a consequence – attraction of investment.

In this project, the paramount attention is devoted to tourist infrastructure. “We suggest the following types of tourism: extreme, industrial, ecological, game tourism and photo-safari.”

• Matthew Frommer, “Chernobyl Visitors Center.” The project focuses on the thinness of the building as traditional restaurant and hotel programs are stretched and reconfigured to maximize the view. The majority of the building sits on the site lightly and is suspended in the air to prevent any interference with the resurgence of nature in the city.

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АНАЛІЗ/ANALYSIS

АНАЛІЗ/ANALYSIS

Ambitions

Chornobyl solar

Within the past two years the Ukrainian government made it clear that the 10km Exclusion Zone will undergo transformations in two major directions: as a site for alternative sources of energy and as a centralized fuel storage facility. The rest of the Zone is being set as Chornobyl Radiation-Ecological Biosphere Reserve, however, the further plans and policies regarding it are not yet public.

6,000 hectares of “idle” land in Chernobyl’s 1,000 square km exclusion zone, which is considered too dangerous for people to live in or farm, could be turned to solar, biogas and heat and power generation.

In 2017, three companies were reported developing plans for solar farms within the Chernobyl exclusion zone. Solar Chernobyl – a venture developed

by Ukrainian engineering firm Rodina Energy Group and German renewable energy company Enerparc, has almost completed the first solar project to be commissioned in the area.

• one of the world’s largest solar farms; • producing nearly a third of the electricity that the stricken plant generated at its height 30 years ago; • more than 1,000MW of solar and 400MW of other renewable energy could be generated. (The nuclear plant had an installed capacity of around 4,000MW);

In July 2016, the Ukrainian government announced a plan to revitalise the 1,000 miles around the site of the nuclear meltdown.

As it is estimated that people cannot reoccupy the area for another 24,000 years and agriculture is obviously not an option, national authorities decided to offer the land to renewable energy developers.

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• the grid infrastructure and high-voltage power lines needed to transmit electricity to the national grid remain intact (because the former nuclear station which was decommissioned in 2000); • to incentivise investors, the government offers a very competitive price for the land and significantly attractive Feed-in Tariffs, which according to energy associations are at least 50 percent higher than the average prices in Europe at the moment; • the sunshine is as strong as in southern Germany.

The 1 megawatt (MW) plant will have the ability to meet the electricity needs of a medium-sized village, or the equivalent of almost 2,000 homes.

• Approximately 3,800 photovoltaic panels have been installed across 1.6 hectares- approximately the size of two football fields. Drilling and digging is still strictly prohibited, therefore the solar panels are fixed to concrete slabs and not to the ground.

• Local authorities are currently reviewing 60 proposals from solar energy developers. Companies which have expressed interest include the French Engie, which is conducting a pre-feasibility study for 1 MW, and the Chinese GCL System Integration and China National Complete Engineering. have expressed interest include the French Engie, which is conducting a pre-feasibility study for 1 MW, and the Chinese GCL System Integration and China National Complete Engineering.

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АНАЛІЗ/ANALYSIS

Central used fuel storage facility (CSFSF) In December 2005, NNEGC EnergoAtom (EA) signed an agreement with the United States (U.S.)-based Holtec International (HI) to implement the Central Spent Fuel Storage Facility (CSFSF) project for Ukraine’s water-water energetic reactors (VVERs). In April 2014, the government approved the 45-hectare site for the facility.

• The CSFSF will be a dry storage facility in which the used fuel will be stored in double-walled stainless steel canisters. These are themselves loaded within protective concrete modular systems designed to provide physical protection, radiation shielding and passive heat removal; • The total storage capacity of the facility will be 16,529 used fuel assemblies, including 12,010 VVER-1000 assemblies and 4,519 VVER-440 assemblies;

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• The fuel will be transported from the NPPs to the CSFSF via rail using the HISTAR overpack on a specialized rail car.

• Some of the potential impacts of SNF transportation through the exclusionary zone to the CSFSF include emissions and noise as a potential source of environmental impact, as well as potential radiation impacts associated with spread of contamination due to the Chernobyl accident.

• Ukraine currently spends $200 million each year on its arrangement with Russia to transport and reprocess used nuclear fuel (this storage will allow for Ukraine to gain $ on storing its own nuclear fuel waste + one exported from other countries); • Central Spent Fuel Storage Facility Review of Spent Nuclear Fuel Transportation (detailed report).

АНАЛІЗ/ANALYSIS

Chornobyl radio-ecological biosphere reserve ChREBS is a strict nature reserve located in the nuclear exclusion zone. The establishment took place on 26 April 2016 by decree №174/2016 of Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko. The reserve covers an area of 2.269.65 km² and is bordered to the north by the Polesski Radio Ecological Reserve in Belarus, established in 1988.

of a resurgence of the mammalian population – including rare animals such as the lynx and the endangered European bison.

“In early April, the Chernobyl radiation and ecological biosphere reserve began to operate, and wildlife research has become one of the main priorities of the government policy on the Chernobyl zone” — Vitaly Petruk, the chairman of the State Agency for Exclusion Zone Management Vitaly Petruk.

The overall effect of nuclear disaster was positive for the wildlife in the area. The radiation essentially sped up the evolutionary process, as the area’s wildlife had to adapt or die, meaning weaker species who were unable to adapt quickly died off leaving only the stronger members of the ecosystem, ones without growth and reproduction problems.

The impact of radiation on individual animals has not been studied, but cameras in the area have captured evidence

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АНАЛІЗ/ANALYSIS The objective of establishment of the Reserve is to conserve the most typical natural complexes of the Polissia in the natural state, to support and enhance the barrier function of the Chernobyl EZ and ZU(O)R, to stabilize the hydrological regime and to rehabilitate areas contaminated with radionuclides, to facilitate the organization and carrying out of the international scientific research.

The main tasks of the Reserve are as follows: • Minimization of the environmental hazards and conservation of the natural resources of the EZ and ZU(O)R, prevention of the radionuclide emission outside the territory of the radioactive contamination zones; • Recovery and conservation of the natural diversity of landscapes, the gene pool of flora and fauna of the Reserve, maintenance of the overall ecological balance; • Periodic inventory of the natural resources, research of the phenomena and processes occurring in the ecosystems of the Reserve; • Implementation of the ecological, medical and biological and radiation monitoring of the territory; • Scientific research in the field of the environmental protection; • Protection of the territory of the Reserve with all natural objects; • Maintenance of the territory in the proper sanitary and fire-safe condition; organization of fire protection of the natural complexes; • Ecological and educational work, etc

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Hydrohen energy “National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the Geological Survey received new insights on the geological structure of the territory of the ChNPP. For the first time it was discovered that ChNPP is located within the boundaries of a large tectonic zone - the Southern Dipper Fault, which apparently has a mantle foundation. [...] There are specific zones - vertical elongated channels, within which the rocks are changed and have increased permeability. Deinds and sub-fallen channels are quite common in plain areas in different parts of the globe. Their selective study in different places (in Russia, Ukraine, the USA, on the surface of the bottom of many seas and oceans) showed that the formation of subacute channels occurs as a result of the ascending penetration of gases from different depths. Among these gases it is necessary to distinguish primarily methane and especially hydrogen.” “ If the amount of hydrogen produced is not enough for energy needs, it can be directed to produce protein using hydrogen bacteria. [...] this is a very effective way of obtaining significant amounts of protein suitable for feeding livestock and poultry. As a result, it is possible to create a highly productive feed base for the intensive development of livestock breeding and poultry farming on an industrial basis.” — in conversation with V.Shestopalov, Institute of Geology.

АНАЛІЗ/ANALYSIS

What would be the desired future concerning local politicans, conserning national politicans? What are their needs?

“Ukraine’s response to the Chernobyl legacy is unique in that it combines humanism with strategies of governance and state building, market strategies with forms of economic and political corruption. Such interrelated processes have generated new kinds of formal and informal social networks and economies that have allowed some segments of the population to strive on and benefit from politically guaranteed subsidies. [...]

In the Ukrainian context, efforts to assess and remediate the Chernobyl aftermath have contributed to social indeterminacy and novel formations of power.”

Adriana Petryna, Life Exposed: Biological Citizens after Chernobyl • Apparently, there is a huge gap between the top management with their plans for future commercial development of the area, and local population, that barely survive without proper infrastructure; their needs are not taken into account, and they don’t have enough information regarding contaminated areas, etc. While physical processes are gradually reducing the level of radioactive contamination in the environment, the most vulnerable groups of people in the affected areas are facing a complex and progressive downward spiral of living conditions induced by the consequences of the accident and the events that followed.

• In the absesnse of clearly articulated strategies regarding the Zone in relation to the needs of people, the following report useful as it outlines a strategy for tackling and reversing this downward spiral. It makes a series of recommendations designed to address the human needs resulting directly or indirectly from the accident. These aim to promote long-term recovery through a new consensus between the main parties involved, new partnerships and a new generation of initiatives designed to assist the individuals and the communities concerned to take their future in their own hands.

• State Agency of Uraine on Exclusion Zone Management has just announced a conference in Fall 2018, “Further transformation of the Shelter object into an environmentally safe system: problems and solutions.” 20-minute presentations on alternative directions for further actions for the next 30-50 years will be presented, as well as materials of scientific research, which formed the basis for the substantiation of the proposed directions.

“The Human Consequences of the Chernobyl Nuclear Accident. A Strategy for Recovery” A Report Commissioned by UNDP and UNICEF with the support of UN-OCHA and WHO * Chernobyl related needs should be addressed in the framework of a holistic view of the needs of the individuals and communities concerned and, increasingly, of the needs of society as a whole; * the aim must be to help individuals to take control of their own lives and communities to take control of their own futures; * efficient use of resources means focusing on the most affected people and communities, and on children. The response must be commensurate to the scale of the needs; * the new approach should seek changes that are sustainable and long-term, and based on a developmental approach; * the international effort can only be effective if it supports, amplifies and acts as a lever for change in the far larger efforts made by local and national government agencies and the voluntary sector in the three countries.

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АНАЛІЗ/ANALYSIS

Strengths

Weaknesses

• Radioation Favorable natural and climatic conditions • High level of biological and landscape diversity (proliferation of species and recovered wildlife) • Nature as a barrier for surface contamination • Decreasing levels of Cs-137 and Sr-90 • High availability of water resources.

(The area rich with surface and ground waters) • High probability of Hydrogen in deep geological formations • Raw material and resource base for nuclear and renewable energy and precision instruments industry • Existence of ramified energy infrastructure • High level of power engineering • Loopholes in policy and management of the Exclusion Zone • Non-taxable land • Foreign investments and experience with international collaboration • Growing international interest for investment after the launch of New Safe Confinement • Low price for real estate in Ivankiv and Poleski raions bordering the Exclusion Zone • Existence of a multi-industry infrastructure in Kyiv region • Favorable geographic position in the Eurasian area (frontier country between East and West; proximity to Kyiv, the largest business, scientific, and cultural center of Ukraine, the largest regional market) • Significant transit potential and developed transport infrastructure. (Through Kyiv region pass all major transport routes of Ukraine - automobile, railway, air) • Development of the logistics market • Availability of a large raw material base for the production of building materials.

(Kyiv region has the highest numbers of construction activity in Ukraine) • Availability of educated human assets able to work. (Partly due to migration to the Kyiv region from other regions of the country) • Cultural and historical significance of Chernobyl

• Radioation Contamination with both the consequences of Chernobyl fallout and with spent nuclear fuel • The presence on the territory of the region of dangerous objects, such as the Shelter Object • Possibility of seismic activity • Probability of another explosion due to Hydrogen and Methane eruptions • Contamination with isotopes of Cesium, Strontium, Americium, Plutonium, and Uranium • High level of eco destructive anthropogenic impact of the environment • Loose strategy for the further Sarcophagus decommissioning • Low level of environmental protection legislation, ecological consciousness of the society, and ecologization of business.

• Level of public health hazards spread • The shadow sector in the country’s economy • Level corruption and lack of transparency regarding the management of the Zone.

• Centralized governance and decision making • Centralization of funds • Lack of clear legal framework • Lack of funds for monitoring and new cartography (esp.for the northwest part of the Zone, which is more contaminated) • Low level of state management and coordination. Instability of the state administration • A large number of administrative territorial units. Most of the districts of the oblast are quite small in terms of population and territory, which leads to unjustified overestimation of management costs and complicates the equalization of territorial development • Moral and physical wear out of fixed assets and obsolete technologies • Dependence on energy carriers import • High energy losses during production and transportation • Non-compliance of the Ukrainian energy system with global standards • Weakening of the chain of command • Rural poverty

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АНАЛІЗ/ANALYSIS • Local population has not enough information about health risks and safety and public concern • General public lacks understanding about the state of things in the Exclusion Zone (environment, economy, management, health risks, etc.) Also, needs to be more educated about the benefits of alternative energy • Depopulation in the region (which is predominantly rural) • Marginalization of the population in the region. Much of the rural population as well as Chernobyl self-settlers are marginalized due to lack of work and social lifts • Rural areas have very low GDP figures; business entities as taxpayers are practically absent • Low employment in rural areas, lack of jobs in small towns and villages • Low level of GDP per capita • Low accessibility to the northern part of the EZ because of the Pripyat River • The EZ is the most remote area within Kyiv region. Low accessibility to the center • The worn-out infrastructures of electric, gas, heat, water supply; discrepancy between the capacity of the networks and the needs of the population.

• Low quality of the transport infrastructure • High level of wear out of fixed assets • Low quality of transportation and services • Insufficient level of touristic infrastructure development • Low level of education in the touristic service sector • Low level of security and illegal activities within the EZ • Dependence on foreign financial support • USA, European Union, and international financial institutions’ tiredness of Ukraine

Opportunities The territory of the zone can become a place for the revival of energy on a new modern, largely innovative, basis, as well as creating conditions for innovative development of livestock and poultry farming. Along with gaining unique experience in closing the nuclear power plant, processing, disposing of radioactive waste, waste from other industries, the exclusion zone may turn from a danger zone that needs resources to the territory of economic development and profit in important modern directions, in one of the places of economic revival of the country on an advanced basis.

• Radioation • Transformation of the Exclusion Zone into a Special Economic Zone • Development of alternative sources of energy and use of renewable resources such as hydropower, hydrogen, solar, and wind. Worldwide interest in shifting focus from fossil-based to low- carbon technologies for electricity generation • Increase public awareness of the benefits of renewable energy • Increasing international technical assistance • Increase of investment into green economy • Increase of the investment attractiveness level • Development of foreign economic activity • Comprehensive legislative support of sustainable development policy implementation • Energy export potential • Increase of energy efficiency of the economy • Innovative development of the industry • Creation of an open competitive market economy and an investment-friendly business environment are preconditions for sustained recovery in the affected areas • Jump-starting private investments; benefits in the form of investment tax credits, production tax credits, carbon tax credit, and accelerated depreciation could be offered to foster such investments

• Development of small-scale businesses in the area • Providing short-term (e.g., first 5 to 10 years) production tax credit to early adaptors of advanced commercial plan.

• Creation of a new jobs market • Building upon experience of the local economic development agencies already functioning in the Gomel Region (Belarus) and Slavutich (Ukraine) to build a network of intermediary organisations which are sensitive to local conditions and can act as an interface with national and international development bodies and donors • Development of tourism infrastructure, management and enhancement of state support • Decentralization of power • Reformation of the economy (a set of reforms)

Threats • Radioation • Further monopolization of power and resources • Monopolization of markets, lack of competition • Further centralization of budgetary resources • Growth of financial and economic dependence • General public and workers health hazards spread • The profit from renewable energy industry will rest in the shadow sector in the country’s economy. (Thus will not impact the local infrastructure and life standards of local population) • Seismic activity affecting NSC • Dysfunctionality of law enforcement agencies • Further disorganization of state administrative apparatus • Disaster tourism • Mistrust in nuclear operational safety policies at different levels • Deterioration of ecosystems as a result of anthropogenic activity • Lack of resources, expertise, suitable geological conditions to complete the decommissioning of the Shelter Object • High probability of technogenic accidents in the energy system • Biotic invasion • Further spread of contamination in case of terraforming processes. (Drilling might affect the groundwaters; transportation of spent nuclear fuel might reinforce mighration of isotopes, etc.)

• Insufficient adaptation of the national legislation to the international norms and standards • Further unbalancing of the country’s economic structure • High impact of the political component on energy carriers supply • Existence of different forms of ownership as a factor of energy system miscoordination

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ПЕРШІ ІДЕЇ/INITIAL IDEAS

Чорнобиль - це всесвітньо відомий бренд, хоч він і має негативні конотації. Задача України - наповнити добре впізнаване ім’я позитивним змістом.

ПЕРШІ ІДЕЇ/INITIAL IDEAS

Chornobyl being an international brand, unfortunately negative.

“Коли ви говорите “Чорнобиль” - будь-яка людина у світі знає про що йдеться”- Джейсон Хілгефорт, куртор воркшопу “В України є можливість змінити наратив та провести ребрендинг Чорнобиля” - Хуліан Рестрепо, куратор вокршопу

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ПЕРШІ ІДЕЇ/INITIAL IDEAS

Ребренувати означає показати, як ми можемо рухатись вперед. Поточна ситуація з нестачею інформації про радіацію, історію катастрофи та її причини веде до міфологізації та романтизації небезпеки. Проблеми пов’язані з недостовірністю, та непрозорістю інформаційних джерел повинні бути подолані як та міжнародному так і на локальному рівні. “Ми помітили, що тема Чорнобилю це простір радикального ставлення, думок та прогнозів. Надмірне захоплення та жага ризику межують зі страхом та бажанням витіснити будь-які розмови про майбутнє цієї території. В той самий час відсутня раціональна, конструктивна, публічна риторика щодо стану Чорнобиля сьогодні та стратегій його розвитку” - участники воркшопу.

ПЕРШІ ІДЕЇ/INITIAL IDEAS

Rebrand in a way to show how can we move forward Current lack of information about radiation, history of deseaster and its causes leads to myths and romanticisation of danger. There is a strong need to fix the issue of lack of information internationally and locally as well as lack of transparency. ’’The theme of Chormobyl usually has radical attitude, thoughts, and predictions. Excessive enthusiasm, thirst for risk are bound up with scarcity, total ignorance about the future of the Zone. At the same time, there is a lack of rational, constructive, public rhetoric about the state of Chornobyl today and strategies for its development’’ - the Workshop participants.

The slides from the final presentation of the Workshop

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СЦЕНАРІЇ/SCENARIOS

СЦЕНАРІЇ/SCENARIOS

Радіаційна Долина

Rad-valley

Сіра зона

Grey zone

Створення інтелектуального центру науки та інновацій у Чорнобилі з метою дати другу спробу “місту наукової спільноти”. Наближення Чорнобиля до Києва, що є ресурсним центром може сприяти співпраці бізнесу та науки.

Create a center of intelligence, science and innovation and therefore reopen Chornobyl as a city of scientific community. Logistic connection with Kyiv as a resource center can create a valley for cooperation of business and science.

Формуючи економічну зону з особливим статусом можна генерувати нові можливості та шляхи розвитку. Впроваджуючи гнучкі правила ми можемо створити альтернативне поле для взаємодії гравців у цій сфері. Таким чином ініціативи та проекти різного масштабу можуть отримати більше можливостей та уваги.

By framing a special economic zone new opportunities and scenarios for development can be generated. Through implementing special rules we can play a different game in terms of who are actors on this field. Therefore diverse-scale activities and projects can get more response and attention.

The slides from the final presentation of the Workshop RAD VALLEY: SCIENCE AS THE RED THREAD THROUGH HISTORY

A shot from a film “Stalker” (1979), directed by Andrei Tarkovsky

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СЦЕНАРІЇ/SCENARIOS

Зелена утопія

Green utopia

Чорнобиль можна розглядати як експериментальний майданчик відновлення природи після застосування до неї модерністського, зухвалого, людиноцентричного підходу. Розвиваючи цю ідею, територія може бути використана як тестовий майданчик для пошуку нових міських форм.

Chornobyl can be observed as an experiential site for natural renovation after modernistic, confident human-centered approach. Elaborating this idea, territory can be uased as a testing ground for exploration of new urban form. By rethinking the upheaval and its consequences we can experiment and reinvent more balances way of living.

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СЦЕНАРІЇ/SCENARIOS

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ПОЛЬОВІ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ/SITE VISIT Медіа транслюють конструйований образ Чорнобиля як недоторканої, небезпечної, трагічної території. Під час поїздки ми пережили фрустрацію від різниці між очікуваннями, що підігрівають медіа та реаліями місця. В реальності, на території можна зустріти безліч туристів, туристичних агенцій та відповідної інфраструктури. Туристичні агентства перетворюють територію на “Діснейледн” створюючи для цього усю необхідно інфраструктуру: карти подібні до настільних ігор, спеціальна захисна уніформа для в’їзду в зону, підлаштовані драматичні інтер’єри покинутих будинків. “Деякі люди (?) наживаються на туризмі” - каже Федір Олександрович Перебуваючи у зоні, у нас не було яскравого відчуття усамітнення або пустоти місця. Це складно відчути, коли поряд є ще 2-3 групи туристів. Під час нашого перебування там ми побачили, що тварини “комфортно” себе почувають у відновленому природному середовищі, де їх не турбують люди.

ПОЛЬОВІ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ/SITE VISIT

Despite the media image of Chornobyl as intouchable, dangerous and tragic territory we during the site visit we (the group of the Workshop) face with tourist reality, especially entertaining thereof.

Touristic agencies, tourists and relevant infrastructure made us confused and frustrated.

Travel agencies is turning the exclusion zone into Disneyland by creating an specific infrastructure for it: maps of the zone are similar to board games, a special protective uniform for entry into the zone, and the dramatic interiors of abandoned houses are fitted.

Some people (?) benefit from the tourism” - Fedir Alexandrovich Moreover, being in the zone we did not felt solitude or emptiness of the place.

It is quite impossible when 2-3 touristic groups are wandering nearby.

Being in the zone one can meet plenty of animals living in restored nature without human interference.

Marcus Heep

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ПОЛЬОВІ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ/SITE VISIT Створення та підтримка відчуття небезпечного та таємничного замість об’єктивного та інформативного висвітлення ситуації.

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Creating and maintaining a sense of danger and mystery instead of an objective and informative coverage of the situation.

ПОЛЬОВІ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ/SITE VISIT Місто Чорнобиль здається єдине місто в Україні в яку досі стоїть пам”ятник Леніну

The city of Chernobyl seems to be the only city in Ukraine in which there is still a monument to Lenin

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ПОЛЬОВІ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ/SITE VISIT “Место которое осталось в советском времени, регулируется сильно государством” - Фьодір Олександровіч

“The Zone remains in the Soviet past!” Fedir Alexandrovich

ПОЛЬОВІ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ/SITE VISIT Під час візиту учасники Київського воркшопу помітили багато живої природи: великих сомів, лисиць (які були щасливі бути нагодованими), собак, яких вони зустрічали на кожному контрольному пункті. Прип’ять, розчинилась в зелені, провокує на повернення. Так і хочеться приїхати сюди на побачити в іншій порі року. Історичні, виробничі та архітектурні пам”ятки обрамлені прородою, менш конкурують з штучним оточенням ніж об’єкти в місті. Сільське середовище, яке повне різних змістів - це те, що ви можете відчути в ЗОНІ. Чорнобиль, як зазначила одна із учасниця-філолог Воркшопу цікавий в тому числі тим що зберіг традиції, діалект та локальну культуру. Інший учасник - Вадим, який приблизно півроку працював фізиком в Зоні, нагадав що там працюють та живуть (!) тисячі людей, не маючи базових умов (наприклад як гаряча вода). Ася, яка провела ціле попереднє дослідження до воркшопу, поділилась фактом про те, що це такс-фрі (вільна від податків) територія, що може стати перевагою для потенційного бізнесу.

When the site visit we saw a lot of life in the alienation zone: big (probably old) catfishes and fox are happy to be fed, dogs keep their position on the checking-points instead of people, dozens of local workers and tourists dag around.

Prypiyat, smothered in vegetations, definitely is calling to come back again and visit it again.

Historical, industrial and architectural landmarks framed by Nature, less сompete with artificial surroundings as objects in the city, are digested more easily.

A rural environment which is has a lot of senses - that what you might feel in the ZONE. The one participants, who studies philology, mentioned that this area preserves its dialect with traditions and local culture. Other, who worked at the area for a while, remind us about thousands of people who have been working and living in the area without basic (such as hot water) amenities. Asia Bazdyrieva, who did a comprehensive preliminary research, shared a fact that this area is non-taxable area, which could be beneficial for potential business.

Marcus Heep

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Marcus Heep

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Marcus Heep

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Музей Чорнобиля на Подолі

Museum of Chornobyl on Podil

Попри це канонічний\типовий державний му-зей з притаманною йому атмосферою (ви розумієте, про що йдеться), там все ще є деякі цікаві речі. Зокрема, особисті листи та речі рятівників та працівників ЧАЕС, мапи та офіційні розпорядження (часто злочинні). З нами трапилась іронічна ситуація. В музеї можна спостерігати анімований вибух на станції (за окрему плату у готівці екскурсоводу). Екран розміщено за величезним фотознімком саркофагу, музейна працівниця піднімає його та просить обступити екран так, щоб інші не бачили, що відбувається, бо вони не платили за це задоволення. В музей можна побачити анімований вибух у 4-му блоці, який проектується на екрані в одному з залів. Щоб побачити це, що вам потрібно заплатити додатково 20 екскурсоводу, незважаючи на те, що цей екран знаходиться в загальному залі. Щоб благо не дісталось тим, хто за нього не платив, працівниця музею сказала нам: “Станьте навколо екрана, щоб інші відвідувачі не бачили його”. Здається, це прямо характеризує становище теми у сучасному суспільстві. Музей Чорнобиля потребує амбітного стратегування та переосмислення своєї теми. Сакралізація та стигма-тизація минулого не конструктивним шляхом до кращого майбутнього.

Although it is a very typical official Ukrainian museum with it atmosphere (you know it!), it has also some positive artifacts. Visitors could study personal stories and memoirs of rescues and workers of the power plant.

A weird situation happened with us in the museum. There is an animated explosion at the 4th block which is shown on the screen in one of the rooms. The thing is that to see it you need to pay extra 20 uah to the guide. however, this screen is in the general hall. So, that kind lady told us “stand around the screen so that other visitors do not see it” It seems that it directly characterizes the status of the topic in contemporary society. The museum needs an ambitious strategy and its topic to be rethought.

Sacralization and stigmatization of the past is not a constructive way for a better future.

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Нові цінності місця:

New values for place

nature reserve industrial heritage memorial

nature reserve industrial heritage memorial

РАМКИ ДЛЯ РОЗВИТКУ/FRAMEWORK FOR DEVELOPMENT

Рамкові розвитку

умови

для

(зокрема для реалізації запропонованих проектів) зберегти історично визначені кордони території аналіз радіаційного забруднення аналіз біорізноманіття аналіз культурної спадщини мапування безпечних зон та гарячих точок

Marcus Heep

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Framework for development

(defined conditions in which future projects can take place)

keep the borders as historical definition of the site nature reserve analysis of radiation analysis of biodiversity analysis of cultural heritage safezone and hotspots

Slide from the final presentation of the Workshop in Kyiv

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Рамкові розвитку

умови

для

(зокрема для реалізації запропонованих проектів) зберегти історично визначені кордони території аналіз радіаційного забруднення аналіз біорізноманіття аналіз культурної спадщини мапування безпечних зон та гарячих точок

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CONCEPT - MERGE BETWEEN 3 TYPOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL BUILDING EXHIBITION

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Деякі сучасні типи обладнання GIS в Чорнобильській зоні

Modern equipment for new GIS applications in Chernobyl zone

Муха Вадим Інженер-фізик

Mukha Vadym Nuclear engineer

Найбільшим викликом і головним питанням в Чорнобилі є відсутність оновленої інформації. Всі методики та дослідження, в основному, проводилися десятиліттями тому. У цей час ми маємо багато сучасних технологій, які можуть бути корисними в наші дні. Щоб зробити можливими такі нові взаємодії в Чорнобильській зоні відчуження, нам потрібно отримати нову сучасну інформацію про стан території. Оновлені карти забруднення та реальна ситуація на місці можуть бути отримані з використанням промислових безпілотників та платформ для ровера. Поєднання їхньої гнучкості, швидкої обробки даних та проблем безпеки для людини дає можливість подальшої діяльності. ГІС карта зони з усією необхідною різноманітною інформацією (включаючи карту потужності дозових навантажень та карту забруднення) можна робити з сучасними безпілотними платформами на бездротових техно-логіях, такими як продукти DJI. На платформі UAV ми можемо встановити сучасний компактний дозиметр і спектрометричне обладнання та отримати всю необхідну інформацію безпосередньо у форматі програмного забезпечення ПК, що дає змогу проводити подальший аналіз даних. У випадку наземних заходів така платформа може бути безпілотним невеликим ровером з Rapsberry PI на борту. Всі ці речі (площа поля до зразка, час відбору зразків, інструменти вибірки, глибина вибірки, маса зразка, процес відбору зразків, ідентифікатор зразка та доставка) виконується цим ровером, що робить суттєві переваги для безпеки людей, швидкості роботи та точності даних.

The biggest challenge and main issue in Chernobyl is the lack of updated information. Most of methodologies and studies have been developed decades ago. These days we have a lot modern technologies that could be useful. To make such new interactions in Chernobyl Exclusion Zone possible we need to get current information about the territory status . Updated contamination maps describing the real situation could be obtained by using industrial drones and rover platforms. Combination of their flexibility, fast data processing and safety issues for the human make further activities possible. GIS maps of the zone with all required variety information (including radiation mapping and contamination map) are possible to make with modern UAV platforms such as DJI products. UAV platform can be equipped with modern compact dosimeter and spectrometer equipment in order to get all required information directly in the PC software format, which makes further data analysis. In case of on ground activities, such platform could be an unmanned small rover with the Raspberry PI on board. All of these options (Field area to sample, Time of sampling, Sampling tools, Sampling depth, Amount of sample, Sampling process, Drying samples,sample ID and shipping) can be completed by this rover, and gives a huge advantage in terms of human safety, working speed and precision.

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Перевизначення зони відчуження Михайло Жук Студент факультету Архітектури З моменту аварії на ЧАЕС на території Зони відчуження не проводилися повноцінні дослідження рівнів забруднення. Так само незмінними залишились кордони 10 та 30-кілометрової зони, які з самого початку були недостатньо обгрунтованими. Крім того, сучасне законодавство та зонування майже повністю обмежує будь які можливості розвитку регіону. Метою дослідження було проаналізувати територію зони від-чуження, приблизно оцінити рівень забруднення території радіонуклідами та відштовхуючись від цих показників визначити релевантність сучасного зонування та можливості майбутньої трансформації. Територія забруднена Цезієм-137, Стронцієм-90 та Трансурановими елементами. Опираючись на карти 1986-1992 років ми провели розрахунки та визначили сучасні райони забруднення. Через короткий період напіврозпаду рівні забруднення Цезієм-137 та Стронцієм-90 вже не складають загрози на більшій частині ЗВ, виключно зон безпосередньо прилеглих до ЧАЕС(див. карту забруднення Цезієм). Територія ще тисячоліттями буде забруднена трансурановими елементами, проте на даний момент вони вже приховані під шаром ґрунту. Це унеможливлює землеробство, проте не складає ризику для життя на більшій частині ЗВ. (див. карту забруднення трансурановими елементами)

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Розрахунки дозволили нам припустити оновлене зонування території та виділити 4 зони: - Зона безпечна для довгострокового проживання - Зона безпечна для короткострокового проживання, проведення фестивалів, туризму, кемпінгу тощо.

- Зона безпечна для короткострокових прогулянок Заборонена зона, включає Інфраструктуру ЧАЕС. За цим зонуванням більша частина сучасної ЗВ може бути відкрита для самостійних відвідувань та навіть проживання. Безпека відвідувачів в такому випадку може бути забезпечена мобільним додатком з мапою та неінвазивним маркуваннями на території. Цікаво, що навіть у зонах небезпечних для тривалого перебування (наприклад, у Прип’яті), трапляються ділянки з безпечним рівнем фону. Їх можна облаштувати невеликими місцями для кемпінгу, які будуть позначені на карті та освітлюватися червоним кольором у випадку тимчасового підвищення фону вище безпечного рівня. Варто відзначати, що під час розробки плану зонування, виникло питання відмінності норм у різних країнах. Так, за Французьким законодавством місто чорнобиль знаходиться у зоні безпечній для постійного проживання, а за українським – ні(див. карту). У будь якому випадку є очевидною необхідність перевизначити зонування ЗВ. А для цього в першу чергу потрібно дослідити територію та скласти актуальні карти забруднення.

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Redefining the exclusion zone Michael Zhuk Architecture studentARCHITECTURE STUDENT There have not been any comprehensive studies and updates of contamination levels conducted of Exclusion zones since Chernobyl accident. The borders of 10- and 30-kilometer zone which have never been well-grounded and cogent are still the same as more than 30 years ago. Moreover, contemporary legislation and zoning almost restrict any opportunities for regional development.

The aim of the research is to analyze the Exclusion zone and to evaluate the territory’s contamination with radionuclides. Basing on the results we intended to check relevance of current Ukrainian zoning as well as opportunities for further transformations.

The zone is polluted with Cesium-137, Stroncium-90 and Transuranium elements. Relying on maps from 1986 till 1992 we have made calculations and determined current zones of contamination. Due to the short half-life, the pollution levels of Cesium-137 and Strontium-90 do not pose a threat at most of the exclusion zone, except for the areas directly adjacent to ChNPP (see map of pollution by Cesium). The territory will still be polluted with transuranium elements for thousands of years, but currently, they are being covered by a layer of soil already.

The calculations allow us to assume an updated zoning,allocating 4 featured zones: Zone 1.Safe for long-term residence Zone 2. Safe for short-term residence (holding festivals, tourism, camping) etc).

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Zone 3. Safe for short-term walks.

Zone 4. Protected area that includes the ChNPP Infrastructure.

According to this zoning, the major part of the current exclusion zone may be opened for independent visits and even residence. In this case, the visitor’s safety can be ensured with mobile application showing maps and non-invasive markings on the territory.

There are spots with completely safe radiation level in those zones marked as dangerous for long-term staying. Those places can be used for camping which will be putted on the map and highlighted with red colour in case of temporary radiation raising to unsafe level.

It is worth mentioning that, while developing updated zoning we came up with a question of radiation norms difference for various countries. For instance, according to French legislation ChornobyL city is situated in the zone, safe for permanent residence, while ukrainian law says that it is not (see the map.). In any case there is an obvious and strong need to redefine the exclusion zone. For this reasone , the first thing to do is to explore the territory and draw up actual pollution maps.

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Чорнобиль як натхнення

Chornobyl as an nspiration

В рамках воркшопу було важливо зосередитись на аспектах що роблять зону відчуження унікальною. Як архітектора, мене перш за все цікавила взаємодія природи та закинутих будівель. За словами одного з дослідників Чорнобильської зони після того як люди покинули територію, тварини почали активно використовувати інфраструктуру. Так, у місті водяться миші, зайці та лисиці, а для великих тварин інтерес становлять закинуті будівлі у селах, оскільки там є більша кількість зелені. Інтеграція природи в місто - це той ресурс який би хотілось взяти за основу для натхнення, таким чином перетворивши Чорнобиль на позитивний бренд. Каталог типологій поєднання зелені та архітектури - це інструмент що допоможе переосмислити існуючі типології та стане джерелом натхнення для архітекторів. Важко уявити архітектора що малює дерево по центру вхідної групи до будівлі, або ліс по центру футбольного поля, але це те чим багата зона відчуження.

It is important to focus on things that make exclusion zone unique. My primary interest, as an architect, lays between the notion of nature and abandoned buildings.

According to a scholar, after people left, animals came in to use existing infrastructure. Therefore, the city inhabited by mouses, rabbits and foxes. Bigger animals attracted more to abandoned villages rather than cities, because they can find more greenery there.

The phenomena of nature expansion into the city have become the biggest inspiration for me. Potentially, it can create a positive brand of the zone. The catalog of typologies showing integration of nature with the buildings will help to rethink existing buildings. It is hard to imagine an architect who is placing a tree in the middle of the entrance, or growing forest in the middle of stadium. Exclusion zone has many more examples to come and explore

Олександра Кривцова Архітекторка

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Oleksandra Kryvtsova Architect

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Нова концепція туризму Слинчук Вікторія Графічний дизайнер, ілюстратор, архітектор Після ознайомлення з літературою та поїздкою в зону ми зробили висновок, що домінуюча функція зони - туризм. З огляду на той факт, що зона практично безпечна варто підняти питання ефективності використання потенціалу території. За останні роки спостерігається стабільне зростання кількості туристів до Чорнобильської зони. При цьому ціни на тури зростають, а туристична інфраструктура не розвивається [1. c 89]. Загалом, тури мають один і той самий сценарій – індивідуальний тур, або груповий у супроводі гіда, з різною кількістю днів перебування. Кілька готелів, що є на території не витримують натиску туристів, тому потоки відвідувачів спрямовуються в місто Славутич. Унікальність «деурбанізованого» простору Чорнобильської зони вабить людей на альтернативні види туризму з більшою свободою пересування. Це породжує нелегальний тип туризму. Сталкери та науковці нелегально проникають у зону відчуження, щоб отримати унікальний досвід: піти через ліс, залишитись на ніч, провести час блукаючи руїнами Прип’яті, піднятись на Дугу і побачити краєвид і т.д. [2] Отримання такого унікального досвіду супроводжується рядом ризиків: • дикі тварини • джерела іонізуючого випромінювання • правоохоронні органи • мародери • різного роду штучні ями та заглиблення у ґрунті, що заросли та стали непомітними. [3]

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Наша дослідницька група розробила ряд пропозицій, котрі спрямовані на спрощення відвідування, створення безпечної інфраструктури та підвищення інформативності відвiдування, що дозволить безпечно відвідати Чорнобильську зону, не користуючись послугами туристичних агенцій. Пропозиція Урізноманітнення існуючого туризму, через зміну концепції: • впровадження безпілотних автомобілів, курсуючих між основними пунктами Чорнобильської зони, що дозволить відвідувачам вирішувати самим, що побачити і скільки часу там провести • додаток для мобільного телефону, який матиме всю необхідну інформацію для самостійно туру (карта з основними пунктами призначення історична довідка, що включає в себе текст, аудіо супровід, доповнену реальнисть (з архівом фотознимків) [5] та віртуальну реальність [6]. Синхронізація локації користувача з інформацією у додатку позбавить потреби в інформаційних таблицях, і дозволить залишити територію в її первинному вигляді, оновлена карта радіоактивних зон з трьома основними зонами: 1) повністю безпечна; 2) умовно безпечна, зони де і зараз прокладено туристичні маршрути, але тривале перебування не рекомендоване; 3) небезпечні зони [4] карта транспортного сполучення карта природнього різноманіття карта зон відведених під кемпінг) • Легалізація самостійного ознайомлення з зоною відчуження навколо Чорнобильської АЕС для сталкерів та науковців: самоконтроль локації [7] та екстренний SOS виклик через Iwatch GPS [8] / GARMIN GPS [9] контроль локації людини офіційними службами Чорнобильської зони через Iwatch GPS / GARMIN GPS та сповіщення про небезпеку у разі наближення до небезпечної зони спеціально відведені місця під кемпінг, як у заповідниках.

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Що зменшить ризики, пов’язані з дикими тваринами та радіоактивними зонами інструктаж щодо місць знаходження персоналу Чорнобильської зони відчуження та як отримати допомогу в екстреній ситуації. Ці заходи дозволять урізноманітнити сценарії присутності в зоні ЧАЕС, активізувати туристичні потоки та зберегти автентичність території. Втілення запропонованих пропозицій дозволить: • забезпечити розвиток туристичної інфраструктури зони ЧАЕС • створити умови для поширення інформаційної обізнаності щодо зони ЧАЕС серед українців та закордонних відвідувачів • сприяти активізації туристичних потоків в зону ЧАЕС • забезпечити підвищення рівня безпеки перебування в зоні ЧАЕС • урізноманітнити сценарії маршрутів відвідування зони ЧАЕС література та посилання • Козловська О.С. “Особливості та перспективи розвитку туризму до Чорнобильської зони” УДК 911.3 • https://birdinflight.com/ru/reportaj/20160425-chernobyl-underground-tourism.html • http://chornobyl.in.ua/uk/stalker-chernobyl-zone.html • https://delo.ua/lifestyle/turizm-v-zone-dochernobylskij-uroven-radiacii-semidnevnyj-tur-341419/5 .

• Фото архів http://pripyat-city.ru/ photo/ • Волонтерські напрацювання по данному напрямку http://chornobyl. in.ua/uk/pripyat-3d.html • https://www.academia.edu/35085514/ GPS_GUIDEpage 14 “Track Logs” • https://support.apple.com/en-gb/ HT206983 • https://apps.garmin.com/en-CA/ apps/2621fcdf-bc90-4e83-8515-ce6dae3a1bc5#0

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New tourism concept Viktoria Slynchuk Graphic designer, illustrator, architect After reading relevant literature and visiting Chernobyl we came with a conclusion that tourism is a dominant function of this game. Considering the fact that zone is almost safe it is worth raising a question of effective usage of this territory.

We can observe constant increase of tourists visiting Chornobyl zone within last years. All of the offered tours have similar scenarios - it is either individual or group trip with a guide, the only difference is number of days. Several hotels in the zone cannot meet the demand of number of tourists, it is resulted in tourism flows redirected to Slavutych.

The uniqueness of “de-urbanized” Chornobyl spaces encourage people to look for alternative, more independent format of tourism. It leeds to illegal interventions into the zone. Stalkers and scientists visit the exclusion zone illegally in order to get extraordinary experience: to walk through the forest, to spend a night, to roam Pripyat ruins, to tear up the Duga and see the view [2].

Getting such a unique experience is followed by a number of risks such as: • wild animals • sources of ionizing radiation • police • looters • various kinds of artificial pits and depressions in the soil that are being covered with plants and are invisible. [3] Our research team has developed a series of proposals aimed at facilitating visits, creating safer infrastructure and increasing the visibility of the visit, enabling the safe access to the Chernobyl zone without resorting to tourist agencies.

Our research team has developed a series of proposals aimed at making visits to the zone easier experience, creating safer infrastructure and increasing awareness of the visitors, enabling the safe access to the Chernobyl zone without resorting to tourist agencies.

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Proposal Diversification of existing tourism, through changing the concept: • the introduction of unmanned cars running between the main points of the Chornobyl zone. It lets visitors to decide what to see and how much tume to spend at some place; • mobile app with all the information needed for an individual tour: - map with the main destinations - Historical information, which includes text, audio support, complemented reality (with an archive of photographs) [5] and virtual reality [6]. Synchronizing the location of the user with the information in the application will eliminate the need for spreadsheets, and will leave the territory in its original form updated map of radioactive zones with three main zones: 1) completely safe; 2) conditionally safe, zones where tourism routes are currently laid, but prolonged stay is not recommended; 3) hazardous zones [4] transport map - map of natural diversity - map of areas for camping • legalization of individual visits to the exclusion zone for stalkers and scientists: - Self-monitoring location [7] and emergency SOS call with Iwatch GPS [8] / GARMIN GPS [9] - monitoring the location of the person by the official services of the Chornobyl zone through Iwatch GPS / GARMIN GPS and notification of danger in caseof approaching danger zone - specially designated places for camping, as in reserves. That will reduce the risks associated with wildlife and radioactive zones - instruction for location of the Chernobyl exclusion zone stuff and guidlenes for emergency situations These measures enable diversification the scenarios of visiting ChNPP zone, and intensification of touristic flows and preservation authenticity of the territory.

Implementation of the proposed measures allows: • to ensure development of the tourist infrastructure of the ChNPP zone • tp create conditions for raising awareness of the Chernobyl Zone among Ukrainians and foreign visitors

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• to encourage the activation of tourist flows into the ChNPP zone • to ensure safety in the ChNPP zone • to diversify the scenarios for visiting the ChNPP zone literature and references • Козловська О.С. “Особливості та перспективи розвитку туризму до Чорнобильської зони” УДК 911.3 • https://birdinflight.com/ru/reportaj/20160425-chernobyl-underground-tourism.html • http://chornobyl.in.ua/uk/stalker-chernobyl-zone.html • https://delo.ua/lifestyle/turizm-v-zone-dochernobylskij-uroven-radiacii-semidnevnyj-tur-341419/5 .

• Фото архів http://pripyat-city.ru/ photo/ • Волонтерські напрацювання по данному напрямку http://chornobyl. in.ua/uk/pripyat-3d.html • https://www.academia.edu/35085514/ GPS_GUIDEpage 14 “Track Logs” • https://support.apple.com/en-gb/ HT206983 • https://apps.garmin.com/en-CA/ apps/2621fcdf-bc90-4e83-8515-ce6dae3a1bc5#0

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Coming back home Микита Білокопитов Архітектор Coming back Home – це проект пов’язаний з можливістю повернення людей, до їх історичного дому, селищ та хуторів у зоні відчуження. Точні дані по кількості переселених осіб відсутні, різні джерела мають різну інформацію, найбільш розповсюджена це 240 тисяч людей з усією зони. Зараз середній вік переселенців з чорнобильської зони складає – 56 років. Частина з цих людей нелегально повернулась в зону відчуження, зараз там проживає приблизно 270 людей, переважно це бабусі. Людей було переселено по всій території сучасної України. Для них це дуже сильно відобразилось на їхньому житті, дуже часто чорнобильців боялися та намагалися відсторонитися від них, вважали їх «радіоактивними» та «зіпсованими». Люди які зараз живуть в чорнобильській зоні в свої більшості це люди похилого віку та жіночої статі. Хоча декілька років тому був випадок коли в зоні відчуження народилась перша дитина. Вони повернулися тому що не могли знайти своє місце в житті на іншій території України, та пристосуватися до нормального життя. Ці люди мають своє домашнє господарство, за його рахунок і живуть. Але в той самий час їм частину продуктів, медикаменти, пенсію їм привозить держава. Більшість людей досі хочуть повертатися, хоча б мати можливість безперешкодно відвідувати свій історичний дім. Зараз туди можна потрапити лише на Пасху і тільки в тому випадку якщо у вашої сім’ї є хтось похований на території зони. В декларації прав людини ООН існує таке поняття як «право на повернення», це право яким мають можливість скористатися всі люди для повернення на свою історичну батьківщину.

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Нижче ви можете побачити зображення будинку на хуторі Ковшилівка, де народилася моя бабуся. Через відсутність будь яких людей поблизу, мародери вкрали все що можливо. Зараз в зоні відбувається масова незаконна вирубка лісу. Так само є випадки незаконного видобутку бурштину. Якби в зоні були люди, це створювало б проблеми людям які ведуть незаконний бізнес. Так само великий культурний прошарок української історії втрачається через відірваність людей від своїх домівок. Якщо люди почнуть повертатися, відвідувати ці місця, то вони зможуть продовжувати свої забуті сімейні традиції та обряди. Радіаційний рівень за 32 роки знизився, деякі території які раніше були брудні зараз придатні до життя. Наприклад, найближче живе село від Ковшилівки знаходиться за 3 кілометри через ліс, всього 3 кілометри. Моя бабуся народилася і виросла на хуторі Ковшилівка, біля міста Поліське. До цього на цій землі мешкало 2 покоління її родини. Вона часто повторює фразу що це було «найкраще місце на землі». На запитання чи хотіла би вона повернутись туди, якби на це була можливість, вона відповіла – ні. Вона пояснює це тим що це морально для неї сильно боляче згадувати увесь той біль і трагедію, усі ті образи і проблеми з якими довелося зіткнутися після катастрофи. Мій батько проводив майже всі літні канікули в Ковшилівці, коли сталася катастрофа на ЧАЄС йому було 16 років. На запитання чи хотів би він мати можливість вільно відвідувати хутір – він зізнався що навіть за останні 10 років декілька разів їздив туди нелегально. Він має тільки гарні спогади пов’язані з цим місцем. Якби була можливість безперешкодного відвідування місця, він би з радістю відвідував би його, навіть просто заради природи. І якщо через 20 років буде можливість стаціонарного проживання там, то він готовий ку-

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пити собі будинок на старість в тому місці, тому що природа там шалено гарна. Я жодного разу в житті не відвідував це місце, але дуже хочу і сподіваюсь що в майбутньому матиму можливість.

Passive Dom – це український повністю автономний мобільний модуль будинку вартість - 65 000 $, він не потребує жодних комунікацій або мереж, повністю автономний. Використання таких модулів цілком можливе для майбутнього повторного населення зони.

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Coming back home Nikita Bielokopytov Architect Coming back Home is a project about opportunity for people to return to their homes in Exclusion Zone.

The exact number of resettled people is unknown, different sources claim different information, but the most popular number is 240 thousands of people from the whole Zone. Now the average age of resettled people is 56 years old. Some of these people have moved back to the exclusion zone illegally. Currently there are 270 people living in the EZ. Most of them are senior women.

People were resettled around the whole territory of Ukraine which has a great impact on their lives. It often happens that people from other regions where afraid of resettled and tried to dismiss them considering them as “radioactive” or “spoiled”. People who now live in the Chernobyl zone in their majority are elderly and females. Although several years ago there was of the first child was born in the exclusion zone. The family returned to the zone because they could not find their place in other parts of Ukraine, and adapt to normal life. These people have their own households where they grow food for daily nutrition. At the same time some products that cannot be grown, as well as medicines and pensions from the state are imported to the zone.

Majority of people still want to come back to the Zone or at least have unrestricted opportunity to visit their home.

Currently it is possible only for Easter in case a person has one of his or her relatives buried in the zone. In the UN Declaration of Human Rights, there is a notion of the “right to return”, which is the right that gives an opportunity for people to return to their historic homeland.

The pictures below show the image of the house in Kovshilovka, where my grandmother was born. Due to the absence of any people in the area, looters stole almost everything.

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Today a massive illegal logging and amber extraction take place in the zone. If there were people in the area, it would prevent illegal business of such scale. At the same time, a significant part of cultural history is being lost due to detachment of people from their homes. If people had an opportunity to come back, they would be able to continue their forgotten family traditions and ceremonies.

The level of radiation has dropped during the last 32 years, some areas that were previously dirty are now suitable for life. For example, the closest village alive from Kovshilovka is 3 kilometres through the forest.

My grandmother was born and raised in Kovshilovka, near the city of Poliske.

Prior to this, two generations of her family lived on this land. She often repeats the phrase that it was “the best place on earth”. When I asked whether she would like to go back if there was an opportunity, she replied - no. She explains this by moral pain of memories about the tragedy, all those images and problems that they had to encounter after the disaster.

My father spent almost all the summer holidays in Kovshilovka. He was 16 years old when he suffered a catastrophe. I asked him whether he would like to have the opportunity to visit the village freely - he admitted that even over the past 10 years he had travelled there several times illegally. He has only good memories about with this place. If he had the opportunity of free visiting, he would certainly visit it, even for the sake of nature.

Also if in 20 years, there will be an opportunity of stationary accommodation there, then he is ready to buy a house in that place to spend his old age, because nature there is insanely beautiful.

I have never visited this place in my life, but I really want and hope that in the future I will have such an opportunity.

Passive Dom is a Ukrainian fully autonomous mobile home-building module costing $ 65,000. It does not require any communications or networks, fully autonomous. The use of such modules is quite possible for the future re-population of the zone.

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Міжнародна платформа скульптурних виробів IPS (експозиція просто неба) Галицький Дмитро Художник з образотворчого мистецтва IPS – соціальний відновлюючий захід. В ньому закладені не лише спроба створити «гомеостаз» у Зоні відчуження, але також формування платформи для реалізації своїх проектів та ідей серед представників образотворчих мистецтв. Задача проекту полягає у відновленні та впорядкуванні місцевої інфраструктури Зони відчуження і частковому демонтажі її асоціальної завіси, шляхом проведення культурного заходу, що базується на образотворчих мистецтв. В результаті маємо платформу, розташовану на певній (законно відведеній) ділянці у Зоні відчуження, на якій, попередньо відібрані художники (митці, діячі), матимуть змогу реалізувати свої проекти, розмістивши їх в межах вищезгаданої ділянки. Проект припускає собою скульптурний витвір на тему Чорнобильської локації (передісторії, пост-історії та ін.). Позмагатися за можливість реалізації своєї ідеї учасники зможуть раз на 2 роки. З усіх запропонованих проектів, компетентне журі обирає «проектпереможця» методом голосування. Весь захід передбачає собою публічну подію на кшталт Future Generation Art Prize (https://futuregenerationartprize.org). Поміж вище вказаного, в результаті реалізації запропонованого проекту, ми матимемо постійний інформаційний потік та оновлення дата-бази ділянки, що відведена для проведення заходу, яка, в свою чергу, буде частиною «законсервованої» Зони.

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Періодичність проведення заходу забезпечує постійне оно-влення експозиції проекту, а в подальшому – розширення його території. Переваги проекту: • Не потребує постійного обслуговування • Привернення уваги митецького кластеру • Відновлення інфраструктури Зони відчуження в рамках реалізації заходу • Доступна сегментна публічність функціонування Зони 2 алгоритми побудови інфраструктури проекту Закритого типу • Наявність власної території • Присутність охорони (Захищеність) • Реальні кордони, паркан • Присутність обслуговуючого персоналу • Як ланка у туристичному маршруті Відкритого типу (розосереджена) • Скульптури розкидані по території в хаотичному порядку відвідувач не знає в який момент потрапить на той чи інший витвір • Автономність експозиції і проекту в цілому • Без мапи розташування («дикі» об’єкти) Важливо Проект не передбачає грошових грантів у чистому вигляді за участь/ перемогу в конкурсі. Його суть полягає в пове-рненні коштів і уваги до регіону. Ймовірне залучання недержавних інвесторів для можливості реалізації проекта-переможця як то виробництво, дислокація та монтажні роботи.

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РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ ВОРКШОПУ/POSSIBLE PROJECTS

The International Platform for Sculpture IPS Galitsky Dmitry Fine art artist IPS is as social revitalizing project. It is not only an attempt to create a kind of homeostasis in Exclusion Zone, but also establishing a platform for representatives of fine arts to realize their projects.

The project is aimed to restore and organize the local infrastructure of the Exclusion zone and reappropriation of space, through holding a cultural event based on fine arts. As a result, there will be a platform located on a legally designated site in the Exclusion Zone, where pre-selected artists can realize their own projects. The artistic objects will create a discussion about Chernobyl, its history, pre-history, interpretations.

Participants can compete for the opportunity to implement their ideas every 2 years. From the list of proposed projects, the competent jury chooses the “winning project” by voting. The exhibition is supposed to be public, similar to Future Generation Art Prize (https://futuregenerationartprize.org).

The implementation of the project proposal will result in a constant flow of information and updating the databases of the site. The frequency of the event will provide updating the exposition, and further enlarging its territory.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ ВОРКШОПУ/POSSIBLE PROJECTS

There are two basic algorithms for constructing of the project infrastructure Closed type • Private ownership of the site • Presence of security (protection) • Real frontiers (fence) • Service staff • Part of the tourist route Open type • Sculptures are scattered throughout the territory in chaotic order • The visitor does not know where sculptures are situated and meets them by chance • The exposition is autonomy and do not have any maps Important: The project is not based on financial grants for winning the competition. It is aimed at a return of resources and attention to the region. Their night is the attraction of non-government investors for the realization of project-winner.

Benefits of the project: • Does not demand permanent maintenance • Attracts attention of the creative community • Restoration of the infrastructure of the Exclusion Zone within implementation of the event • Public outreach about functioning of the Zone

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Музей Залізної завіси в Чорнобильській зоні (Дуга-2) Протоконцепція Петер Венстра/ LOLA Landscape Джейсон Хілгефорт/ LCC Хуліан Рестрепо/ TALLER

“Музеї є результатом унікальних культурних досягнень, вони мають особливе завдання, яке не можна довірити жодній іншій установі: вони створені, щоб допомогти всім, хто зацікавлений у кращому зрозумінні себе і свого місця в цьому світі. Музеї змінюють перспективу наших поглядів і тим самим дозволяють нам глибше зрозуміти себе та інших”. Фрідріх Вейдхер В низці сумних епізодів історії ХХ століття, Чорнобильська катастрофа виступає як модель “техногенної” трагедії, однієї з подій, що прискорили кінець домінуючої 1/5 землі “імперії зла”. Цілком природно, що людство, прагнучи винести уроки для майбутнього і привнести до розвитку наступних поколінь, зберігає пам’ять про ці та подібні явища, документуючи, зберігаючи, вивчаючи все, що з ними пов’язано, включаючи найвищі підйоми людської геніальності або твори мистецтва чи лише археологічні артефакти, найцінніші у переліку культурної та природної спадщини у вигляді Списку всесвітньої спадщини. Настала черга збереження результатів людської діяльності в цілому та її впливу на навколишнє середовище та на територію, яка постраждала внаслідок Чорнобильської катастрофи. За ініціативою Українського національного комітету ІКОМОС, в цьому реєстрі ЮНЕСКО розпочато номінацію так званої зони розселення. Особливо починаючи з мансарди Бікіні, Фукусіма незабаром теж приєднається.

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Підготовка до номінації та включення до Списку всесвітньої спадщини вимагатиме виконання ряду вимог ЮНЕСКО, однією з яких є доступність для дослідників та туристів. Отже, потреба у музейному будівництві великого комплексу пам’яток всієї території, що постраждала від Чорнобильської катастрофи тоталітарного минулого України, зумовлена гострою соціальною потребою переосмислення та подолання складних та драматичних подій історії, пов’язаних з інституціоналізацією політики національної пам’яті та процесу декомунізму. У довгостроковій перспективі це питання обробки великої кількості об’єктів і явищ, що вимагають ретельного вивчення, збереження, збереження та відновлення, можна розглядати як важливу економічну складову туризму. Також необхідність створення музею тоталітарного минулого України обумовлена гострою соціальною потребою переосмислення та подолання складних і драматичних подій історії, пов’язаних з політикою національної пам’яті та процесом декомунізму. Очевидно, що в найближчі роки зусиль та ресурсів держави на оснащення одного чи декількох музеїв явно недостатньо. Група ініціаторів, об’єднаних навколо співавтора фільму “Російський дятел” Федора Александровича, має на меті створити публічний музей “Залізної завіси” на території так званої Чорнобильської зони, яка сама є живим уособленням катастрофи, віднесеної світом до комуністичної епохи. Для місця реалізації проекту та адаптації до музейно-заповідного фонду та необхідної території для виставкової, резервної та консерваційної, фондової, реставраційної та дослідницької роботи, розвитку рекреаційної та туристичної інфраструктури, а також пов’язаної з цим економічної діяльності пропонується об’єкт “Дуга2” в Чорнобильській зоні. “Дуга-2” гігантська інженерна споруда, висотою 150 метрів і довжиною 800 метрів.

Протягом усієї ділянки розкидані покинуті в даний час приміщення, що можуть бути використані як експозиційно-оглядовий простір та складські приміщення. Сама дуга є певним символом “Залізної завіси” - це надзвичайно цінна для тих часів сітка прийому радарів, яка ніколи не працювала і стала без перебільшення однією з причин розпаду “імперії зла”. Фільм “Російський дятел», де все це відтворено, виграв фестиваль Санденс в 2015 році і отримав всесвітню популярність. Цей факт свідчить про можливу туристичну привабливість цього об’єкта, який зараз потребує ремонту, заходів задля збереження та догляду. Для створення музею ініціатори пропонують такий алгоритм: по-перше, створити органзацію, яка буде виступати засновником музею “Залізна завіса”, забезпечуючи в подальшому ресурсну та експертну підтримку в процесі діяльності; по-друге, державні органи виділяють територію на правах оренди під музей, необхідні приміщення та інженерні споруди, визначають об’єкт охорони культурної спадщини та встановлюють ділянки для захисту споруди, а також реабілітаційні заходи (науково обґрунтовані заходи щодо відновлення культурних та функціональних властивостей об’єкта).

РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ ВОРКШОПУ/POSSIBLE PROJECTS

Museum of Iron Curtain in the Chornobyl Zone (Dug2) Protoconception Peter Veenstra/ LOLA Landscape Jason Hilgefort/ LCC Julian Andres Restrepo Molina/ TALLER

“Museums are the result of unique cultural achievements, they have a specific task that no other institution can take away from them: they were created in order to help all those interested to better understand themselves and their place in this world. Museums should add a different perspective to our views and thereby enable us to understand ourselves and others more deeply. “ Friedrich Weidacher In the chain of sad episodes in the history of the 20th century, the Chernobyl catastrophe appears as a model of the “man-made” tragedy as one of the events that accelerated the end of the dominant 1/5 land of the “evil empire.” It is natural that humanity, striving to bring lessons for the future and to the detriment of future generations, preserves the memory of these and similar phenomena, documenting, preserving, exploring everything associated with them, along with the highest upsurge of the human genius, or works of art or only archaeological artifacts, most valuable in the list of cultural and natural heritage in the form of the World Heritage List (IWS).

The turn has come to the conservation of the results of human activity in general and its impact on the environment, and to the territory, which suffered from the Chernobyl catastrophe. On the initiative of the Ukrainian National Committee of ICOMOS, the nomination of the socalled resettlement zone has begun on this UNESCO register. Especially since the attic of Bikini, and soon Fukushima will become.

Preparation for nomination and then inclusion in the IMS will require the fulfill-

ment of a number of UNESCO requirements, one of which is accessibility for researchers and tourists. Thus, the need for museum-building of a large array of monuments of the whole territory affected by the Chornobyl catastrophe of the totalitarian past of Ukraine stems from the acute social need for rethinking and overcoming the complex and dramatic events of history associated with the institutionalization of the policy of national memory and the process of de-communism. In the long run, it is a matter of processing a large array of objects and phenomena that require careful study, conservation, conservation and restoration, can be regarded as an important economic component of tourism. Also, the need for the museum’s accumulation of the totalitarian past of Ukraine stems from the acute social need for rethinking and overcoming the complex and dramatic events of history associated with the policy of national memory and the process of de-communism. Obviously, the efforts and resources of the state for the equipment of one or several museums is clearly not enough, especially in the coming years. The group of initiators, united around the co-author of the film “Russian Woodpecker” Fedor Aleksandrovich, aims to create a public museum of the Iron Curtain on the territory of the so-called Chornobyl zone, which is itself a living embodiment of the catastrophe that the world brought to the communist era.

The film about this “Russian Woodpecker” won the Sundens Festival in 2015 and gained worldwide fame. This fact shows the possible tourist attractiveness of this facility, which now needs repair and conservation measures and care.

In order to create a museum, the initiators implement such an algorithm: firstly, create a foundation that will act as the founder of the Iron Curtain Museum, further providing the resource and expert support in the process of the institution’s activity. secondly, state bodies establish the territory for the right to lease the Museum, necessary premises and engineering structures, determine the object of protection of the cultural heritage and establish areas for the protection of the monument, as well as rehabilitation measures (scientifically grounded measures for the restoration of cultural and functional properties of the object).

For the place of project implementation and adaptation for the museum-reserve and necessary territory for exhibition, reserve and conservation, stock, restoration and research work, the development of recreational and tourist infrastructure and related economic activity, the object is proposed “Arc -2 “in the Chernobyl zone. “Duga-2” is a gigantic engineering structure 150 meters high and 800 meters long. Along the site stretches the premises are now abandoned, which can be used as an exposition-spectacle space and storage facilities. The arc itself is a certain symbol of the Iron Curtain - it is an extremely valuable at the time a radar reception grid that never worked and became without exaggeration one of the causes of the collapse of the “evil empire.”

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РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ ВОРКШОПУ/POSSIBLE PROJECTS

MUSEUM FOR FAILED COMMUNISM

LOLA Landscape Architects BAJES KWARTIER AMSTERDAM

CONCEPT DESIGN BOOKLET

DETAILS type: tender: masterplan: location: size: developer: design team:

masterplan / first prize 2017 2018 Amsterdam, The Netherlands 7,5 ha AM Real Estate, AT Capital Group, Cairn Real Estate LOLA, OMA, Fabric

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LOLA Landscape Architects OFFICE

Future scenarios Chernobyl - Concept design

LOLA Landscape Architects DWAALSTER PARK VIJVERSBURG DETAILS

LOLA landscape architects is an office for progressive landscape architecture. LOLA (LOst LAndscapes) studies and designs landscapes that are forgotten, have degraded, are derelict or on the verge of change. LOLA has got an optimistic and conceptual approach to these landscapes and a fascination for new spatial phenomena. Whether in the city, the outskirts or the countryside, we aim to design sublime places that are beautiful, surprising and thriving.

LOLA believes in a combination of continuous research, experiment and design. We match knowledge of landscapes and of large-scale ecosystems with contemporary ideas about people, space and nature. Being designers with an integrated approach to projects, we continuously partner with other offices and institutions with specific knowledge and experience.

LOLA Landscape Architects Het Industriegebouw Goudsesingel 92, 3011 KD Rotterdam, the Netherlands T. + 31 10 414 13 68 E. info@lola.land W. www.lola.land 8 • 56

LOLA was founded in 2006 by the landscape architects Eric-Jan Pleijster, Cees van der Veeken and Peter Veenstra. A total of 20 people now work in the office, ranging from landscape architects to architects and urban designers. The office is based in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, but operates worldwide for governments, provinces, municipalities, non-governmental organizations and project developers.

LOLA designs public spaces like parks and squares, works on redevelopment plans in city and countryside, and develops landscape transformation strategies and spatial researches.

Projects of LOLA have been build and/or published around the world.

TEAM Cees van der Veeken Eric-Jan Pleijster Peter Veenstra Artur Borejszo Roberto Coccia Silke Volkert Lars den Os Joost van de Ven Brigitta van Weeren Leela Leelathipkul Teun Schuwer Leire Calvillo Mendoza Simon Verbeeck Raf Rooijmans Filippo Foschi Elena Raimondi Gaia dal Cero Giulia Repici Florencia Lima Gomez Francesco Prete Koen Steegers Margot Overvoorde Marco Villa Patricia Farrelly Jun Xie Loes Aanhane Lonneke Ernst

Founding partner Founding partner Founding partner Senior designer, 3D & rendering 3D & landscape visualisation Architect & landscape architect Technical designer Technical designer Landscape architect Landscape architect Landscape architect Landscape designer Landscape designer Landscape designer Landscape designer Landscape designer Landscape designer Landscape designer Landscape designer Landscape designer Trainee Trainee Intern Intern Intern Office manager Office manager

type: competition: realization: location: size: client: with: budget: status:

competition / first prize 2011 2018 Amsterdam, The Netherlands 1-10 ha Stichting Op Toutenburg LOLA and Deltavormgroep Piet Oudolf € 600.000 built

Future scenarios Chernobyl - Concept design

LOLA Landscape Architects FOREST AND SPORTS PARK SHENZEN

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Future scenarios Chernobyl - Concept design

DETAILS type: design: construction: location: size: organizer: design team: budget:

competition / first prize 2018 2019-2020 Guang Ming, Shenzhen, China 600 ha Guangming New District Management Committee LOLA, Taller architects, LCC € 100.000.000

TALLER Architects OFFICE

At first glance, we might look like a conventional architecture office. Yes, we do architecture projects, but not in any way. We are a group of professionals who treasure the power behind ideas, who create solutions according to different contexts and circumstances.

We do not have a particular style; instead, we have a rigorous method. The thorough research process behind our projects have allowed us to broaden our thinking, expand on notions of development, feed ourselves locally to act globally, and nourish ourselves from global ideas to impact our local context. Understanding the discipline of architecture beyond the simple notion of designing and building.

TALLER Architects Av. Cra. 15 # 122-73 Of. 402, Bogotá D.C. Colombia T. +57 (1) 703 22-88

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Future scenarios Chernobyl - Concept design

From the initial concept, all the way through the detailed design and construction stage of each project we strive to respond effectively to the present needs, without forgetting that each project has a life of its own and is subject to contingency.

High quality design is directly linked to the efficiency and responsible use of resources. Our main goal is to work alongside the community in order to improve their well-being and quality of life.

TEAM Julian Restrepo Molina Pablo Forero Quintero Manuela Mosquera Iragorri Alejandra Núñez Jaime Ruiz Juan Camilo Salazar Sergio Álvarez Felipe Guerrero Daniela Valdés Diana Ortiz David Benítez Ricardo Sabogal Juan Canal Manuela Molina Alejandro Zuluaga Camila Joaqui Jorge Alberto López Gerardo Lora Yeimy Martínez Laura Salgado

Founding Partner Founding Partner Architect Architect Architect Architect / Designer Architect Architect Architect Architect Architect Architect Architect Intern Intern Intern Technical Director Technical Advisor Financial Administrator Administration Assistant

Rotterdam, the Netherlands T. +31 6 15 28 05 40

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E. info@tallerarchitects.com W. www.tallerarchitects.com 12 • 56

Future scenarios Chernobyl - Concept design

РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ ВОРКШОПУ/POSSIBLE PROJECTS TALLER Architects GOVERNMENT MINISTRIES

SITE

DETAILS type: use: date: location: size: client: Vargas status:

РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ ВОРКШОПУ/POSSIBLE PROJECTS GENERAL OVERVIEW 10 and 30 km exclusion zones

national architecture competition urban planning 2014 Bogotá, Colombia 140,000 m² Agencia Nacional Inmobiliaria Virgilio Barco 1st Prize

Map of the 30 kilometre zone in the northern Kiev Oblast province.

A multitude of abandoned towns and villages are part of The Zone.

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Future scenarios Chernobyl - Concept design

TALLER Architects ENGINEERING LABS

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Future scenarios Chernobyl - Concept design

CHERNOBYL AREA

DETAILS type: use: date: location: size: client: collaborator: status:

private architecture competition university building 2014-2019 Bogotá, Colombia 2,500 m² Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Juan Pablo Ortiz under construction

Among a hundreds of ghost villages, between Pripyat and Chernobyl, the giant DUGA-1 antenna and its story reminds of not faraway terrible event, as an echos of the past.

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Future scenarios Chernobyl - Concept design

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Future scenarios Chernobyl - Concept design

ORIGINAL CONFIGURATIONS

TALLER Architects UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL BUILDING

Functions and programs

DETAILS type: use: date: location: size: client: collaborator: status:

private architecture competition university building 2014-2019 Bogotá, Colombia 26,466 m² Universidad Central TAB/Daniel Bonilla under construction

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Technical building Public building Residential building

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Future scenarios Chernobyl - Concept design

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Future scenarios Chernobyl - Concept design

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РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ ВОРКШОПУ/POSSIBLE PROJECTS

РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ ВОРКШОПУ/POSSIBLE PROJECTS SMALL SCALE STRATEGY

CURRENT CONFIGURATIONS

Re-use of existing buildings

Existings and demolished buildings

The museum experience involves all the buildings in the area with the idea of taking advantages from some of the most interesting buildings of Chernobyl-2.

These are the buildings where the main city functions were taking place, such as the control center, the school, the club and of course the DUGA-1.

Existing buildings Demolished buildings 21 • 56

CONCEPT

Future scenarios Chernobyl - Concept design

MULTIPLE SCALE APPROACH

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Future scenarios Chernobyl - Concept design

PRESERVATION STRATEGY

The no-limit museum

Officina Zamora, Javier callejas - A. campo Baeza

LANDSCAPE

Glass box

MUSEUM

The design approach combines the big landscape scale together with the small site scale through the placement of an high element: the tower.

Through the tower a constellation of abandoned and forgotten villages become part of a more “big exposition” about the communism “madness”.

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Future scenarios Chernobyl - Concept design

Bunker 599 - RAAF

Sao Jorge castel - Carrilho de Graca

Glass facade

Ruins

Glass box

Ruins

Ruins

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Future scenarios Chernobyl - Concept design

EXISTING BUILDINGS Status

BIG SCALE STRATEGY

Visual connections within the Chernobyl exclusion area.

DUGA 2

Commucation center

Bunker

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Future scenarios Chernobyl - Concept design

РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ ВОРКШОПУ/POSSIBLE PROJECTS

РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ ВОРКШОПУ/POSSIBLE PROJECTS MUSEUM STRATEGY Options

Check-point

Club

School

Punctual strategy

Diffuse strategy

The punctual strategy is meant to create a non-critical museum of DUGA-1. The city is a whole open-air museum of the communism ‘madness’. Just few buildings such as the Communication Center, Bunker, Check-point, Club and the School are selected in order to be restored so that they will be feasible for the visitors. A Sightseeing Tower and The Cut are two new elements added. In these spaces it is possible to set up exhibitions or to just look the DUGA-1 and the Chernobyl area.

The diffuse strategy is creating the possibility to organize a more comprehensive experience of Chernobyl-2. Existing buildings like the Communication Center, Bunker, Check-point, Club and the School and the new Sightseeing Tower and The Cut Museum are connected by a path. The power of this path is to guide people and to force them to see and perceive the communist authoritarianism in architecture.

New building Existing building

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Future scenarios Chernobyl - Concept design

Future scenarios Chernobyl - Concept design

DIFFUSE MUSEUM STRATEGY New buildings

A dug exhibition path runs along the DUGA-1 antenna.

The new tower replaces the location of the old one.

The path connects the existing buildings on the ground level.

One of the preservation concept for the existing buildings is to create a inner space, such as a glass box. From inside the box guests can observe the building ruins.

The introduction of the “box within the box” idea turn upside town the traditional experience of the museum: is the visitor now to be inside the showcase.

The fundamental idea is to threat each elements part of Chernobyl-2 area, including its surrounding, as part of multiple-scale museum environment.

New building

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Future scenarios Chernobyl - Concept design 33 • 56

Future scenarios Chernobyl - Concept design

DIFFUSE MUSEUM STRATEGY Overall description

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РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ ВОРКШОПУ/POSSIBLE PROJECTS

EXHIBITION PATH The cut

The exhibition path is laid out underground along the DUGA-1 radar.

From the this point of view, the guests can admire the giant antenna on one side while they are expiring the exhibition. The linear museum has been also inspired by military tunnels.

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The underground exhibition path runs along the whole length of the DUGA-1 antenna.

The dug space offer a previously unseen point of view of the radar exaggerating even more the vertical dimension of the giant antenna.

The underground space hold an old printer running off all the victims names forever.

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Future scenarios Chernobyl - Concept design

Future scenarios Chernobyl - Concept design

EXHIBITION PATH References

Bell-lloc Winery, Palamós Spain - RCR Arquitectos 37 • 56

MCB Tirpitz, Blåvand Denmark - Bjarke Ingels Group

MMMuseum, Ortles Swizterland - Arnold Gapp Architects Future scenarios Chernobyl - Concept design

VIEW TOWER

The exhibition area will be a cut in the soil just beside the DUGA1. It will be visible from the top of the Russian Woodpecker and in the night it will be the element that will light up the antenna.

While the visitors will walk through the dig, they will always see the DUGA-1 as an impressive element gravitating next to them.

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The underground exhibition path runs along the whole length of the DUGA-1 antenna.

The dug space offer a previously unseen point of view of the radar exaggerating even more the vertical dimension of the giant antenna.

The underground space hold an old printer running off all the victims names forever.

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This option is placing the view tower in an existing footprint of a checkpoint tower. The operation of insertion a sightseeing tower replacing a symbol of control has the powerful meaning of a democratic re-appropriation of the area: what was an exclusive point of view of the Russian guards. It will be the place where visitors will experience the “Russian Woodpecker” with a privileged point of view.

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TOWER/ELEVATOR

Option A1 “Integration” - Duga rythm

Option A2 “Integration” - Glaring landscape

On a completely different approach to the first option, this time the tower closes almost completely to the landscape.

This creates a 130 m vertical tube filled with darkness. It opens in the ground level to allow the access, and reopens again in the top level.

As the visitor goes up, its sight gets used to the darkness. At the time the elevator reaches the top level, the light of the 360 degrees viewpoint glares the visitors’ sight and the landscape of the exclusion zone is lost in the light. Chernobyl appears slowly as the sight gets used to the light conditions again.

The new tower follows the rhythm imposed by the axis of the beams of the Duga. This rhythm is only interrupted in the ground level, where the visitors access the tower; and in the top level, where there’s a 360 degrees view over the exclusion zone of Chernobyl. In order to stand out from the other towers, the diagonal elements of the structure are flipped in the horizontal axis.

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360 degrees viewpoint

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TOWER/ELEVATOR

Option A2 “Integration” - Glaring landscape

Ground level (+0 m)

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TOWER/ELEVATOR

Option A3 “Integration” - Radar radio wave

Viewpoint level (+136.5 m)

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360 degrees viewpoint

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Ground level (+0 m)

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TOWER/ELEVATOR

Option A3 “Integration” - Radar radio wave

The last proposal is inspired by the radio waves that once where the soul of the Duga. The facade shrinks and expands as a wave lost in the landscape, thanks to the rhythm of the horizontal elements. The landscape gets lost to the view of the visitors as they go up, in an illusion of acceleration given by how the blank spaces on the facade disappear.

Also, as the elevator goes up, a sound similar to the one made by a woodpecker is played to the visitors. The frequency of the knocks speeds following the rhythm of the facade elements.

A tension to the senses of the visitor is created, thanks to the illusion of acceleration, the view being limited by the facade, and the increasing sound of the knocking woodpecker.

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“Atlas of Chornobyl Exscluzion Zone”, Scientific and production enterprise “Cartography”, Kyiv, 1996

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Comedy “Stalkers”, director Stas Zhirkov, Young Theatre, Kyiv 2015

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Book “Chernobyl: The History of a Nuclear Catastrophe”, Serhii Plokhy, 2018. (a book in English)

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Interwie with Serhii Plokhy: “Chernobyl’s Warnings: When Hubris Meets “Atoms for Peace”

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“White angel” - a series of documentary photographs of Slavutych youth daily life. Niels Ackermann In April 2016, the world will commemorate the 30th anniversary of Chernobyl disaster. Instead of reminding once more the overly documented consequences of the accident I chose to look toward the future. During three years, I photographed the youth of Slavutych: Ukraine’s youngest city. The town that was born from the catastrophe.

The story documents the life of Yulia: a teenager I saw transforming into a young adult in front of my camera. As time passed by Yulia changed her occupations. From parties, drinks and short relationships to a married life with a job and serious responsibilities. She and her friends let me photograph them along this very crucial phase of life: the moment when we decide what we want to do of our life, where and with whom. A metamorphosis her own country is also going through, freeing itself in blood and pain from it’s neighbor Russia. Youngsters of Slavutych as well as of Ukraine are now fixing their parents mistakes and building a serene and prosperous future despite a difficult context.

Built in the middle of a forest 40km away from the destroyed nuclear power plant, Slavutych was supposed to be one of the latest demonstrations of Soviet greatness. Since year 2000 Chernobyl stopped producing electricity therefore worsening the economic prospects of that strategic city. It now relies nearly exclusively on the construction of the new sarcophagus that will end in 2017. No clear plan seems ready yet to give the city a future.

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“Russian woodpecker”, documentary film, directed by Chad Gracia following Fedor Alexandrovich’s investigation into the Chernobyl disaster, Ukraine, 2015

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Voices from Chernobyl: The Oral History of a Nuclear upheaval. Svetlana Alexievich

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Voices from Chernobyl (French: La supplication) is a 2016 Luxembourgian documentary film directed by Pol Cruchten.

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ДЛЯ ЧИТАННЯ ТА СПОГЛЯДАННЯ/READINGS&WATCHINGS Philosophy/Art

ADRIANA

Life Exposed Biological Citizens

_

after Chernobyl

The Chernobyl Herbarium

We entrust readers with thirty fragments of reflections, meditations, recollections, and images�one for each year that has passed since the explosion that rocked and destroyed a part of the Chernobyl nuclear power station in April 1986. The aesthetic visions, thoughts, and experiences that have made their way into this book hover in a grey region between the singular and self-enclosed, on the one hand, and the generally applicable and universal, on the other. Through words and images, we wish to contribute our humble share to a collaborative grappling with the event of Chernobyl.

Unthinkable and unrepresentable as it is, we insist on the need to reflect upon, signify, and symbolize it, taking stock of the consciousness it fragmented and, perhaps, cultivating another, more environmentally attuned way of living.

PETRYNA

The Chernobyl Herbarium Fragments of an Exploded Consciousness Michael Marder with artworks by Anaïs Tondeur

In this beautiful book, Michael Marder and Anaïs Tondeur reflect deeply on the hyperobject that is the nuclear radiation from Chernobyl through the device of the herbarium, miniature ecosystems that botanists used in the Victorian period. Under the fragile traveling glass of paper and pixels, Marder and Tondeur host tendrils of prose and cellulose. It’s a stroke of genius to have miniaturized something so vast and demonic�we don’t even know how to dream any of this yet (it’s called ecological awareness), and as Marder observes here, just upgrading our aesthetics to cope with the trauma of this awareness is a key unfinished project.

– Timothy Morton, Rita Shea Guffey Chair in English, Rice University Michael Marder is IKERBASQUE Research Professor of Philosophy at the University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain. An author of seven books and over 100 articles, he is a specialist in phenomenology, political thought, and environmental philosophy.

Cover Image: Linum usitatissimum, Photogram on rag paper, 2011-2016 Exclusion Zone, Chernobyl, Ukraine – Radiation level: 1.7 microsieverts/h Anaïs Tondeur © 2016

Marder and Tondeur

Anaïs Tondeur is a visual artist. She is currently undertaking a research on urban soils with anthropologists, geographers and ecologists as part of Chamarande’s lab curated by COAL (Coalition for Art and Sustainable Development). She works and lives in Paris.

Critical Climate Change Series

Petryna, Adriana. Life exposed: biological citizens after Chernobyl. Princeton University Press, 2013.

The Chernobyl Herbarium. Fragments of an Exploded Consciousness. Michael Marder with artworks by Anaïs Tondeu. OPEN HUMANITIES PRESS. London 2016

Monadelphia decaudria, Photogram on rag paper, 2011-2016 Exclusion Zone, Chernobyl, Ukraine – Radiation level: 1.7 microsieverts/h

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Linum usitatissimum, Photogram on rag paper, 2011-2016 Exclusion Zone, Chernobyl, Ukraine – Radiation level: 1.7 microsieverts/h

Linum usitatissimum, Photogram on rag paper, 2011-2016 Exclusion Zone, Chernobyl, Ukraine – Radiation level: 1.7 microsieverts/h

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КИРИЛЛ СТЕПАНЕЦ

ЗАПИСКИ ЧЕРНОБЫЛЬСКОГО НЕЛЕГАЛА Путеводитель по зараженной территории глазами нелегального туриста

КИЕВ-2014

CHERNOBYL Assessment of Radiological and Health Impacts. 2002 Update of Chernobyl: Ten Years On. NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT

NOTES OF CHERNOBYL URBEXER Guide for infected territory the eyes of an illegal tourist KIRILL STEPANETS. KYIV 2014 Сталкеры преодолевают водное препятствие. Фото автора, 2012 г.

Грубая очистка болотной воды через ткань. Фото автора, 2014 г.

ЖИВЫ ПОКА НАС ПОМНЯТ

Сталкеры преодолевают водное препятствие. Фото автора, 2012 г.

Конный милицейский патруль в Зоне. Фото С.Николаева, 2013 г.

Универсальный фильтр ―Аквафор‖ в действии. Фото Вероники Ч., 2013 г.

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Memories of Lives give. Memories of liquidators.

A. Kupniy, Kharkov 2011 (book in english)

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155 Конный милицейский патруль в Зоне. Фото С.Николаева, 2013 г.

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Victoria Ivleva: from Chernobyl to War. Victoria Ivleva, russian photographer, the winner of the World Press Photo Award for reportage from Chernobyl reactor (1990)

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