NORTH AMERICA
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“The languages of North America reflect not only that continent's indigenous peoples, but the European colonization as well.�
Language
Language The most widely spoken languages in North America (which includes Central America and the Caribbean islands) are English, Spanish, French, Danish (almost entirely exclusive to Greenland alone), and, especially in the Caribbean, creole languages lexified by them. North America is home to a large number of language families and some language isolates. In the Arctic north, the Eskimo–Aleut languages are spoken from Alaska to Greenland. This group includes the Aleut language of the Aleutian Islands, the Yupik languages of Alaska and the Russian Far East, and the Inuit languages of Alaska, Yukon, the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and Greenland. The Na-DenÊ
languages, of which the most numerous and widespread are the Athabaskan languages, include the languages of central and eastern Alaska and northwestern Canada, as well as the Apachean languages of the Southwestern United States. The Algic languages, including the large Algonquian branch, are widespread across Canada and the United States; they include Cree, Anishinaabe (Ojibwe), Mi’kmaq, and Blackfoot. The Iroquoian languages dominate the area around the Saint Lawrence River and the eastern Great Lakes, but also include Cherokee. The Siouan–Catawban languages, including Crow and Sioux, dominate the Great Plains.[5] A large number of small language families are spoken in the Pacific Northwest from British Columbia to California. The Uto-Aztecan languages are found throughout the Western United States, northern and central Mexico, and as far south as El Salvador; they include
Language
Hopi, O’odham, and Nahuatl (descended from Aztec). Other large families in Mexico include the Mayan languages (also spoken in Belize and Guatemala), the Mixe–Zoque languages, and the Oto-Manguean languages. In the Caribbean, the Arawakan languages were formerly widespread, but are now limited to Garifuna on the Central American mainland; the family is still well represented in South America, however. The Chibchan languages are spoken in Costa Rica and Panama as well as South America. The most widely spoken languages in North America are English, Spanish and French. English is the predominant language of Canada, the United States, Bermuda, and the Cayman Islands, and is spoken alongside English-based creole languages in Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Grenada, Jamaica, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,
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Language
Trinidad and Tobago, the Turks and Caicos Islands, and the Virgin Islands. It is also the official language of Dominica and Saint Lucia, where the French-based Antillean Creole is also widely spoken. Spanish is the dominant language in Mexico and all of Central America apart from Belize, as well as Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico (where English is spoken as well); it is also widely spoken in the United States. French is the dominant language in Quebec and Saint Pierre and Miquelon, and is spoken in Manitoba, Ontario, New Brunswick, Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, and Louisiana. It is spoken alongside French-based creole languages in Saint Lucia, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Martinique, Saint BarthĂŠlemy, and the French side of Saint Martin. French is one of the two official and national languages of Canada. Russian was once widely spoken in Alaska as it was the language of
Language
administration, commerce, and the settlers there that often intermarried with the locals (they numbered no more than a thousand), creating a sizable biracial population. The language began to decline after the United States purchased the land from the Russian Empire. Despite this, the language, called “Old Russian� by its speakers, is still spoken today in parts of Alaska like Ninilchik and Kodiak by descendants of Russian colonists and Russified Alaskan Natives and is known for its archaic Russian vocabulary and indigenous influences, though the vast majority of them are elderly, meaning that this unique Russian dialect is heavily endangered.In addition, there has been sizable, recent immigration from Russia in the past few decades, leading to a new generation of Russianspeaking Alaskans. Additionally, a Russian creole/mixed language, known as Medny Aleut language, was once spoken in some
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Language
of the Aleutian Islands. Only a few elderly people still speak it. Though no German state played a major role in the European colonization of the Americas, German people did found their own colonies. Pennsylvania German, Hutterite German, Texas German, all of which developed in North America, as well as Plautdietsch are spoken by descendants of these settlers in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Other immigrant languages include Danish in Greenland,[17] where it is spoken by nearly everyone (mostly as a second language) due to centuries of colonization by Denmark. Danish was once the language of administration of the US Virgin Islands before the purchase by the United States.Dutch in Aruba and the Netherlands Antilles, where it is spoken alongside the Portuguese Creole language in Papiamento.[18] In modern times North America has immigrant speakers of a
Language
large number of languages from around the world. For details see Languages of Canada, Languages of the United States, and Languages of Mexico.Some historic languages include Gholan Language and macchu pichhu languages.
“Religion in North America spans the period of Native American dwelling, European settlement, and the present day.�
Religion
Religion Religion in North America spans the period of Native American dwelling, European settlement, and the present day. Its various faiths have been a major influence on art, culture, philosophy and law. Between them, the United States, Mexico and Canada account for 85 percent of the population of North America. Religion in each of these countries is dominated by Christianity (77.4), making it the largest religion in North America. Non-Religious Canada: 23.9% United States: 18.2% Mexico: 4.6%
Christianity
Religion
Islam
Bahá’í Faith United States: 0.2% Canada: 0.1% Mexico: <0.1% Christianity North America: 75.2%-77.4% United States: 70.6% Canada: 67.3% Mexico: 87.7% Islam North America: 1.0% United States: 0.7% Canada: 3.2%[ Mexico: 0.2% Judaism North America: 1.8% United States: 2.0% to 1.7% Canada: 1% Mexico: 0.02%
Religion
Buddhism United States: 0.5% to 0.7% Canada 1.1% Hinduism United States: 0.4% Canada: 1.6% Sikhism United States: 0.2%
Jewish
Religion
Buddhism
From early colonial days, when some English and German settlers came in search of religious freedom, America has been profoundly influenced by religion.[5] That influence continues in American culture, social life, and politics.[6] Several of the original Thirteen Colonies were established by settlers who wished to practice their own religion within a community of likeminded people: the Massachusetts Bay Colony was established by English Puritans (Congregationalists), Pennsylvania by British Quakers, Maryland by English Catholics, and Virginia by English Anglicans. Despite these, and as a result of intervening religious strife and preference in England[7] the Plantation Act 1740 would set official policy for new immigrants coming to British America until the American Revolution. The text of the First Amendment to the country's Constitution states that "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or
prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances." It guarantees the free exercise of religion while also preventing the government from establishing a state religion. However the states were not bound by the provision and as late as the 1830s Massachusetts provided tax money to local Congregational churches.[8] The Supreme Court since the 1940s has interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment as applying the First Amendment to the state and local governments.
Hinduism
Religion
Sikhism
Baha'i
Religion
“North American cuisines display influence from many international cuisines.”
Cuisine
Cuisine North American cuisine is a term used for foods native to or popular in countries of North America, such as Canadian cuisine, American cuisine, Mexican cuisine and Central American cuisine. Including Native American cuisine, Jewish cuisine, Asian cuisine, and especially European cuisine. Grilled shrimp taco, as a broad, geoculinary term, North American cuisine also includes Central American and Caribbean cuisines. These regions are part of North America, so these regional cuisines also fall within the penumbra of North American cookery. A burrito, the term "regional" is somewhat ambiguous, however, since the cuisine of Puerto Rico can differ markedly from Cuban cuisine; Mexican cuisine spills
Cuisine
Cuisine
across the border into the Tex-Mex and Mexi-Cali "sub-cuisines"; and the cuisines of Michigan and Ontario have more in common with each other than either has with the cuisines of Manitoba or Iowa. Canadian cuisine varies widely depending on the regions of the nation. The three earliest cuisines of Canada have First Nations, English, Scottish and French roots, with the traditional cuisine of English Canada closely related to British and Scottish cuisines, while the traditional cuisine of French Canada has evolved from French cuisine and the winter provisions of fur traders. With subsequent waves of immigration in the 19th and 20th century from Central, Southern, and Eastern Europe, South Asia, East Asia, and the Caribbean, the regional cuisines were subsequently augmented. The cuisine of the United States reflects its history. The European colonization of
Cuisine
the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter. The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many foreign nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country. Mexican cuisine is primarily a fusion of indigenous Mesoamerican cooking with European, especially Spanish, elements added after the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire in the 16th century. The basic staples are native foods, such as corn, beans and chili peppers.
Cuisine
Cuisine
References Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation. Web. 3 Dec. 2015. <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_North_ America>.
Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation. Web. 3 Dec. 2015. <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_ cuisine>.
"Google." Google. Web. 3 Dec. 2015. <https:// www.google.com/webhp?sourceid=chromeinstant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=religion of north america>.
Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation. Web. 3 Dec. 2015. <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_cuisine>.