CIDADE BOA ESPERANÇA: A MASTERPLAN FOR A SELF-MANAGED PROJECT IN THE OUTSKIRTS OF SÃO PAULO

CIDADE BOA ESPERANÇA A MASTERPLAN FOR A SELF-MANAGED PROJECT IN THE OUTSKIRTS OF SÃO PAULO POLITECNICO DI MILANO SCUOLA DI ARCHITETTURA URBANISTICA INGEGNERIA DELLE COSTRUZIONI CORSO DI LAUREA_ARCHITETTURA RELATORE_CAMILLO MAGNI ANDREA LIGATO 2018 2019

BOARDS

1. a

CASE STUDIES

COPROMO CIDADE BOA ESPERANÇA_ A MASTERPLAN FOR A SELF-MANAGED PROJECT IN THE OUTSKIRTS OF SÃO PAULO ANDREA LIGATO supervisor: CAMILLO MAGNI POLITECNICO DI MILANO_2018

STRATEGY: TOWERS IN THE PARK CLUSTERS HIERARCHY OF PUBLIC/PRIVATE SPACES

LOCATION: Jardim Piratininga, Osasco SP GOAL OF THE PROJECT: architecture, urbanism and landscape project for a complex of 50 five stories buildings NUMBER OF HOUSING UNITS: 1000

AREA: 54.000 m THE PROJECT IS SETTLED IN A CONTEXT OF REGULAR AND MOSTLY IDENTICAL PLOTS, OCCUPIED BY SINGLE LOW HOUSES, THAT FORMS DENSITY [inh/ha]: 740,7 (the result is obtained assuming that each houBLOCKS DIFFERENTLY ORGANIZED AND WITH DIFFERENT ORIENTAsing units host a family of four members) TIONS. THE CHOICE OF THE MATERIALS AND THE CONSTRUCTIVE TECHNICS HIGHLY CONTRIBUTED TO INFORM THE SHAPE OF THE BUILDINGS, WHICH LED TO THE DESIGN OF A CLUSTER REPLICATED FLOOR AREA RATIO: 1.2 IN THE PROJECT AREA. THE CLUSTER INCLUDES A GREEN AREA AND COMMUNITARIAN FACILITIES: 1% of the built stock WAS INTENDED TO CREATE A HIERARCHY OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SPACES, WHERE THE DWELLERS AND THE NEIGHBOURS COULD HAVE FREELY MOVED AND HENCE EXPERIENCED THE GREENERY ISOLATED CAR RELATED SPACE: 37.7% of the plot area FROM THE STREETS; ON THE OTHER HAND, THE CAR ACCESSES AND THE PARKING SPACE WERE CLEARLY DEFINED. THIS SUGGESTION WASWORK: self-managed process, the construction work was both developed NEGLECTED BY THE REALIZATION OF A WALL TO ENCLOSE THE AREA. by the members of the Association and a building company 2

CRITICALITES THE WALL MADE THE PROJECT A GATED COMMUNITIES, MODIFYING THE HIERARCHY PROPOSED BY THE ASSESSORIA. THE CHOICE OF THE TOWER AS BUILDING TYPOLOGY LED TO A MUCH HIGHER DENSITY IN TERMS OF INHABITANTS, WHEN CONFRONTED TO THE TYPICAL PERIPHERAL BLOCKS, BUT PRESENT A SIMILAR FLOOR AREA RATIO. THE SPACE THAT IS GAINED WITH THE USE OF THE TOWERS LACKS OF A CLEAR ORGANIZATION AND QUALITY, AND DOES NOT OFFER AN ADEQUATE AMOUNT OF COLLECTIVE FACILITIES AND A MIXTURE OF FUNCTION THAT COULD HAVE BENEFITTED THE DWELLERS AND THE NEIGHBOURS

BUILDING STRATEGY: STRUCTURAL SCHEME BASED ON THE BLOCK’S DIMENSION

BUILDING SYSTEM: self-bearing clay block and independent metallic structure stairs ORGANIZATION: Associação por Moradia de Osasco ASSESSORIA TÉCNICA: Usina_ support for the creation of the Association; counseling in the development of the project; support for the financing process; support for the process of land regulation and property; organization of the construction and work management; supporting to the mutirao work for the first 160 units FINANCING: Land_ceded by the Municipality of Osasco; Project_paid directly by the families; Construction_work 320 units were self-financed by a group of families, 680 financed by the CDHU TIME PERIOD: 1990_creation of the Association; 1991/1992_negotiation/ project; 1992-1998_construction

METAL STAIRCASE

STRUCTURAL SCHEME

Buildings

Semi-public/private space

Public space

Communitarian facilities

Semi-public space

Car related space

PLAN OF THE HOUSING UNIT 1:100

MASTERPLAN 1:2000

SECTION OF THE CLUSTER 1:500

CLUSTER’S AXONOMETRY 1:300

1. b

CASE STUDIES

MUTIRÃO PAULO FREIRE CIDADE BOA ESPERANÇA_ A MASTERPLAN FOR A SELF-MANAGED PROJECT IN THE OUTSKIRTS OF SÃO PAULO ANDREA LIGATO supervisor: CAMILLO MAGNI POLITECNICO DI MILANO_2018

STRATEGY: LINEAR BUILDINGS CONNECTED BY SUSPENDED APARTMENTS

LOCATION: Cidade Tiradentes, Sao Paulo, SP GOAL OF THE PROJECT: architecture, urbanism and landscape project; design of the foundations, structure and infrastructure for a complex of 5 buildings

THE PROJECT IS LOCATED IN AN REGION THAT PRESENT A GREAT VARIETY OF BUILDINGS AND TYPOLOGY, MANY REALIZED IN THE RECENT YEARS, DURING AND AFTER THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PAU- NUMBER OF HOUSING UNITS: 100 LO FREIRE COMPLEX. THE PROJECT IS PART OF A BLOCK OF THREE 2 PLOTS, ALL LONG AND NARROW, WITH THE SAME ORIENTATION, DERI- AREA: 3896,4 m VED FROM THE STEEPNESS OF THE GROUND. THE FIRST PLOT HOST A DENSITY [inh/ha]: 1.333 (the result is obtained assuming that each houLINEAR BUILDING OF SEVEN FLOOR, AND REPLICATES OTHERS sing units host a family of four members) OLDER BUILDINGS LOCATED IN THE PROXIMITY. THE REMAINING PLOTS HOST THE PAULO FREIRE COMPLEX AND ANOTHER SOCIAL HOUSING COMPLEX, BUILT APPROXIMATELY IN THE SAME PERIOD. THE FLOOR AREA RATIO: 1.8 TYPOLOGY FOLLOW THE NEEDS TO HOST 100 FAMILY DESPITE THE SMALL DIMENSION OF THE PLOT AND ITS STEEPNESS, WHICH INFOR- COMMUNITARIAN FACILITIES: 2.5% of the built stock MED THE ORIENTATION AND THE DRAWING. IN ORDER TO REACH THE CAR RELATED SPACE: 12% of the plot area GOAL AND AT THE SAME TIME PROVIDE A REASONABLE EXTERNAL COLLECTIVE AREA, SOME APARTMENTS ARE SUSPENDED AS WORK: self-managed process, the construction work was both developed BRIDGES CONNECTING THE FIRST WITH THE SECOND ROW OF BUby the members of the Association and a building company ILDINGS. THIS SOLUTION WAS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE USE OF THE METALLIC STRUCTURE. BUILDING SYSTEM: metallic structure and stairs, clay block walls and partitions CRITICALITIES

THE PAULO FREIRE’S FEATURES MAKE IT UNIQUE AMONG THE ORGANIZATION: Associação Paulo Freire, affiliated to the MST Leste 1, SELF-MANAGED PROJECTS, BUT DETERMINE AS WELL AN HIGHER COST IF COMPARED WITH COMMONS MUTIRÃO DEVELOPMENT; DUE part of União dos Movimentos de Moradia (UMM) TO THE STRUCTURE ITSELF AND TO THE FACT THAT IT DEMANDS A MORE SPECIALIZED BUILDING COMPANY AND DENIES THE PARTICIPA- ASSESSORIA TÉCNICA: Usina_ counseling in the development of the TION OF THE FUTURE DWELLERS IN THE CONSTRUCTION. FOR THESE project; support for the financing process together with the Municipality of REASONS, THE MODEL OF PAULO FREIRE AND THE USE OF METALLIC Sao Paulo; organization of the construction and work management; supporSTRUCTURE IS HARDLY REPLICABLE IN THIS KIND OF PROJECT AND IT ting to the mutirao work and to the post-occupation management NEEDS TO BE CAREFULLY ANALYSED AND PROPOSED TO THE MUTIRANTES FOR THEM ARE NOT USUALLY ACCUSTOMED TO IT, BOTH FINANCING: Municipality of Sao Paulo through the COHAB Self-management Mutirões Program IN TERMS OF CONSTRUCTION AND IN TERMS OF THE CONCEPT OF OPEN PLAN AND FLEXIBILITY THAT IT MAY INTRODUCE TIME PERIOD: 1998, creation of the Association; 1999/2001, negotiation; 2002/2003, project; 2003-2010, construction

BUILDING STRATEGY: STEEL STRUCTURE WITH NON-BEARING WALLS AND PARTITION

Residential buildings Car related space Communitarian facilities

MASTERPLAN 1:2000

FLOORPLAN UNDER THE SUSPENDED APARTMENT 1:500

FLOOR PLAN AT THE LEVEL OF THE SUSPENDED APARTMENT 1:200

THE FOUR HOUSING UNITS 1:100

SECTION 1:200

SECTIONED AXONOMETRY 1:300

1. c

CASE STUDIES

CONJUNTO FLORESTAN FERNANDES AND JOSÉ MARIA AMARAL CIDADE BOA ESPERANÇA_ A MASTERPLAN FOR A SELF-MANAGED PROJECT IN THE OUTSKIRTS OF SÃO PAULO ANDREA LIGATO supervisor: CAMILLO MAGNI POLITECNICO DI MILANO_2018

STRATEGY: VERTICALIZATION AS THE ANSWER TO THE GROWTH OF THE LAND’S CONST

LOCATION: Cidade Tiradentes, Sao Paulo, SP GOAL OF THE PROJECT: architecture, urbanism and landscape project for a complex of 8 buildings

THE PROJECT IS LOCATED IN CIDADE TIRADENTES, A DISTRICT OF NUMBER OF HOUSING UNITS: 396 THE PERIPHERY THAT FAMOUSLY HOSTS THE HIGHEST NUMBER OF SOCIAL HOUSING COMPLEX IN THE CITY, MAINLY REALIZED IN THE 2 ’80S BY THE MUNICIPALITY AND THE STATE OF SÃO PAULO, RESULTING AREA: 20.058 m IN A WHOLE AREA IN THE DORMITORY TOWN STYLE. THE ANALYSED DENSITY [inh/ha]: 790 (the result is obtained assuming that each housing units host a family PROJECT CLEARLY DIFFERENTIATES ITSELF FROM THE SURROUNof four members) DING, COMPOSED OF BOTH TYPICAL LOW RISE BLOCKS AND THE STANDARD COHAB SOCIAL HOUSING COMPLEX. THE RESULT OF THE FLOOR AREA RATIO: 1.5 COST ISSUE IS A MASTERPLAN OF FIVE TOWERS. THE FLOORS PRESENT NO DIFFERENCE, AS THE HOUSING UNITS, AND SINCE THE PLOT COMMUNITARIAN FACILITIES: 1,7% of the built stock IS ENCLOSED BY WALLS, THERE IS NO NEEDS TO DIFFERENTIATE THE GROUND FLOOR; FURTHERMORE, THE COLLECTIVE SPACE RESIDE CAR RELATED SPACE: 21% of the plot area IN TWO LITTLE BUILDING FACING THE STREET, SO THE TOWERS ONLY OFFER RESIDENTIAL SPACES. THE PROJECT REACH A AN HIGHER WORK: self-managed process, the construction work was developed by DENSITY BOTH IN TERMS OF F.A.R. AND INH/HA THAN THE TYPICAL some building companies of the area, the members of the Association give BLOCK, WHILE ITS F.A.R IS SLIGHTLY LOWER THAN THE ONE OF THE a little contribution to the work NEIGHBOURING COHAB COMPLEX. BUILDING SYSTEM: concrete structure, self-bearing concrete masonry CRITICALITIES THE PROJECTS CERTAINLY REPRESENT A NEWS FOR THE SOCIAL ORGANIZATION: Associação Florestan Fernandes and Associação José MOVEMENTS. WHILE IT RESPONDS THE COST NECESSITIES IT ALIEMaria Amaral, both affiliated to the Movimento dos Trabalhadores Sem Terra NATES THE FUTURE DWELLERS FROM THE CONSTRUCTION FOR Leste 1 (MST Leste 1), which is part of the União dos Movimentos de MoraTHE COMPLEXITY THAT IS INTRODUCED BY THE VERTICALIZATION, dia (UMM) ALTHOUGH THE ASSESSORIAS TÉCNICAS CLAIM THAT SELF-CONSTRUCTION IS STILL NECESSARY TO REDUCE THE COST AND MAKING ASSESSORIA TÉCNICA: Ambiente Arquitetura_counseling in the developUNITS OF APPROXIMATELY 60 M2 FEASIBLE. THE VERTICALIZATION ment of the project; organization of the construction and work management; BRING AS WELL A BIG GAP WITH THE COMMON SOCIAL HOUSING supporting to the mutirao work and activities PROJECTS DEVELOPED IN BRAZIL AND WITH WHAT MUTIRANTES WERE USED TO. MOST OF THEM IN FACT LIVED ITS ENTIRE LIFE IN THE FINANCING: autonomous and federal funds, the latter are part of the Minha SELF-BUILT HOUSES THAT FILL THE PERIPHERY, AND THIS CAN LEAD Casa Minha Vida-Entidades Program MANY OF THEM TO BE RELUCTANT WITH THIS KIND OF DEVELOPMENT.

BUILDING STRATEGY: CONCRETE STRUCTURE WITH SELF-BEARING WALLS AND PARTITION

TIME PERIOD: 2005 – 2015 (inauguration). The project is not concluded yet

MASTERPLAN 1:2000

PLAN OF THE HOUSING UNITS 1:100

TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN OF THREE TOWERS, LINKED BY THE FOOTBRIDGES 1:200

Residential buildings Car related space Communitarian facilities

SECTION 1:500

AXONOMETRY OF JOSÉ MARIA AMARAL PROJECT 1:500

1. d

CASE STUDIES

MUTIRÃO 26 DE JULHO CIDADE BOA ESPERANÇA_ A MASTERPLAN FOR A SELF-MANAGED PROJECT IN THE OUTSKIRTS OF SÃO PAULO ANDREA LIGATO supervisor: CAMILLO MAGNI POLITECNICO DI MILANO_2018

STRATEGY: LOW RISE TERRACED HOUSE ON SINGLE PLOT.

LOCATION: São Mateus, São Paulo, SP GOAL OF THE PROJECT: architectural and urbanism project for a complex of row houses (two different housing units) divided in 16 blocks, and 5 communitarian pavilions

THE PROJECT IS THE OLDEST AMONG THE CASE STUDIES ANALYZED AND IN FACT IT RELAYS COMPLETELY ON THE HOUSE AS THE BUILNUMBER OF HOUSING UNITS: 561 DING TYPOLOGY. THE PLOTS IN WHICH 26 DE JULHO IS LOCATED PRESENT THE SAME PROPORTION OF THE ONES THAT COMPOSE THE 2 PERIPHERY OF SÃO PAULO, AND THE INNER DIVISION OF THESE PLOTSAREA: 68.304 m REPLICATE AGAIN THE COMMON PRAXIS. THE DESIGN COVERS THE WHOLE AREA WITH AN UNIQUE APPROACH: TWO DIFFERENT HOUSES, DENSITY [inh/ha]: 325,6 BOTH OF TWO STORIES, DETERMINE THE DIMENSION OF THE SINGLE PLOTS; THE CHOICE OF TWO DIFFERENT HOUSING UNITS ALLOW TO FLOOR AREA RATIO: 0,6 INTRODUCE VARIETY WITHOUT COMPROMISE THE RATIO OF THE STRI2 PES, THAT FOLLOW A RIGID GRID IMPOSED BY THE DIMENSION OF THECOMMUNITARIAN FACILITIES: 1123 m _2,7% of the built area MASONRY BLOCK. THE SYSTEM LEAD TO REDUCE THE COST FOR ITS SIMPLICITY, THE CONSTRUCTION PERIOD COULD HAVE IN FACT SENSI- CAR RELATED SPACE: There is no space especially dedicated in the project BLY REDUCED (IT DID NOT HAPPEN FOR BUREAUCRATIC REASONS) AND THE FUTURE DWELLERS WERE ABLE TO JOIN THE WORK: self-managed process and construction accompanied by a builCONSTRUCTION. THE HOUSE IS FOR SURE A MORE FAMILIAR TYPOding company LOGY FOR THE MUTIRANTES THAN THE APARTMENT, , AND IN FACT IS FULLY INTEGRATED IN THE CONTEXT. NOWADAYS THE ORIGINAL BUILDING SYSTEM: self-bearing masonry blocks and ceramic tiles roof PROJECT IS HARDLY RECOGNIZABLE DUE TO THE SEVERAL MODIFICATION MADE BY ITS DWELLERS. ORGANIZATION: Associação de Construção por Mutirão 26 de Julho I, II and III; affiliated to the Movimento Sem Terra Leste 1 (MST Leste 1), which CRITICALITIES THE MUTIRÃO 26 DE JULHO PRESENT THE LOWEST DENSITY BOTH IN is part of the União dos Movimentos de Moradia (UMM)

TERMS OF FAR AND IN TERMS OF POPULATION AMONG THE CASE STUASSESSORIA TÉCNICA: USINA ctah_counselling in the development of DIES, DUE TO THE CHOICE OF THE TYPOLOGY AND THE DIFFERENT the project; counselling in the financing process, together with the MuniciPERIOD IN WHICH THE DESIGN WAS DEVELOPED. THE ANALOGIES pality and the State of São Paulo ; organization of the construction and work WITH THE PERIPHERAL BLOCK ARE MANY: IT HARDLY ALLOWS FOR PUBLIC SPACES AND OR GREEN SPACES, COMPLETELY RELYING ON management; supporting to the mutirao work and activities THE SIDEWALK AND THE STREET AS A MEETING POINT FOR THE FINANCING: Land_Government of the State of São Paulo – CDHU PEOPLE. IT HARDLY ALLOWS AS WELL FOR A PROPER MIXTURE OF FUNCTION, BOTH FOR A LACKING OF SPACE AND FOR THE NON-FLEXI-Project and Construction_Municipality of São Paulo through the Funaps-Comunitário Program BILITY OF THE BUILT SPACE. THE FREEDOM TO ADAPT THE OWN HOUSE TO THE NEEDS OF ITS DWELLERS CAN REPRESENT A CRITICALITIES WHEN THE PROPORTION OF BUILT AND VOID BECOME TIME PERIOD: negotiation/design_November 1990-September 1991 Construction_September 1991-2000 (interruption 1993-1997) UNBALANCED AND HENCE DENIES THE PROPER VENTILATION AND EXPOSURE TO THE SUNLIGHT, BOTH TO THE OWN INTERIOR AND THE NEIGHBORING HOUSES.

MASTERPLAN 1:5000_THE ORIGINAL PROJECT HAS BEEN WIDELY MODIFIED BY ITS INHABITANT, AND IT ALREADY APPEARS IN THE GEOSAM- A BLOCK FROM THE ORIGINAL MASTERPLAN 1:200 PA PLATFORM AS A GROUP OF BLOCKS WITH NO DIFFERENCES WITH THE SURROUND CONTEXT

AN EXAMPLE OF EXPANSION TOWARDS THE STREET AND THE INNER COURTYARD

STREET VIEW’S PICTURE OF SOME INTERVENTION MADE BY THE DWELLERS ON THEIR HOUSES

ELEVATION OF A PORTION OF THE BLOCK 1:100

AXONOMETRY 1:300

PLAN OF THE HOUSING UNITS 1:100

2. a

SÃO PAULO METROPOLITAN REGION Territory: 7.946,8 km2 Population: 21.391.624 inh.

Density: 26,9 inh/ha

CONTEXT ANALYSIS

PARQUE BOA ESPERANÇA CIDADE BOA ESPERANÇA_ A MASTERPLAN FOR A SELF-MANAGED PROJECT IN THE OUTSKIRTS OF SÃO PAULO ANDREA LIGATO supervisor: CAMILLO MAGNI POLITECNICO DI MILANO_2018

SÃO PAULO Territory: 1.521,11 km2 Population: 12.106.920 inh.

Density: 79,6 inh/ha

ZONA LESTE Territory: 298,8 km2 Population: 3.620.494 inh.

Density: 121,2 inh/ha

SÃO MATEUS Territory: 45,8 km2 Population: 426.794 inh.

Density: 93,2 inh/ha LEGEND PROJECT PLOT ANALYSED BLOCKS PLOTS RESERVED TO OTHERS SELF-MANAGEMENT SOCIAL HOUSING PROJECTS FREEWAY MAIN NEW CARS FLOWS WALKING ROUTES PRESERVED AREA_PARQUE NATURAL MUNICIPAL FAZENDA DO CARMO HIGH TENSION LINE RELEVANT AREA

AERIAL VIEW 1:10.000 PLAN 1:5000

1

BLOCK 1 SELF-BUILT SINGLE HOUSES AREA_6308 m2 F.A.R._1,11 NUMBER OF HOUSING UNITS_38

2. b

CONTEXT ANALYSIS

PARQUE BOA ESPERANÇA CIDADE BOA ESPERANÇA_ A MASTERPLAN FOR A SELF-MANAGED PROJECT IN THE OUTSKIRTS OF SÃO PAULO ANDREA LIGATO supervisor: CAMILLO MAGNI POLITECNICO DI MILANO_2018

SERVICES STREET MARKET POLICE STATION HEALTHCARE CENTRE SPORT CENTRE COMMUNITY SPORT CLUB THEATRE LIBRARY SUB-PREFEITURA OFFICES POST OFFICE EMPLOYMENT OFFICE SOCIAL CARE CENTRE CEU (CENTRO EDUCACIONAL EDIFICADO) PUBLIC KINDERGARTEN ELEMENTARY PUBLIC SCHOOL PRIVATE SCHOOL 1 km AREA

PREDOMINANT USE OF SOIL PUBLIC SERVICES COMMERCIAL FACILITIES INDUSTRIAL AND STORAGE FACILITIES HIGH RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDING_MEDIUM/HIGH STANDARD HIGH RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDING_LOW STANDARD LOW RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDING_MEDIUM/HIGH STANDARD LOW RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDING_LOW STANDARD MIXED_RESIDENTIAL/PUBLIC SERVICES MIXED_RESIDENTIAL/COMMERCIAL FACILITIES NO PREDOMINANCE

URBAN CONDITION IRREGULAR ALLOTMENT

settlement which rise up with no consent by the public institution. Usually inhabited by the low-income population, it suffer of different kind of disconformity in several terms, like: largeness of the streets, minimum dimension of the plots, largeness of the sidewalks, and urban infrastructure in general. It is visible for its urban environment with an high grade of built density, lack of green and of free spaces and common spaces (from Habitasampa website).

FAVELA

precarious settlement that rises up after a spontaneous occupation and with previous organization, with no previous definition of allotment nor of streets; in public or private areas with no sufficient infrastructure where the houses are predominately self-built with an high grade of precariousness, by low-income family in vulnerability status (from Habitasampa website).

NÚCLEO

urbanized favela with basic infrastructure (water system, sewer system, drain system, garbage collection, public lightning and road paving) predominantly implanted (from Geosampa website). The definition given in the Habitasampa website is slightly different instead, here núcleo is intended to have complete infrastructure, but not legal regulariztion yet.

3.

CONTEXT ANALYSIS

THE BLOCK CIDADE BOA ESPERANÇA_ A MASTERPLAN FOR A SELF-MANAGED PROJECT IN THE OUTSKIRTS OF SÃO PAULO ANDREA LIGATO supervisor: CAMILLO MAGNI POLITECNICO DI MILANO_2018

INFO: BLOCK OF SELF-BUILT LOW RISE SINGLE HOUSES AREA: 6308 m2 NUMBER OF HOUSING UNITS/PLOTS: 39 ESTEEMED NUMBER OF INHABITANS: 195 DENSITY [INH/HA]: 309,12 FLOOR AREA RATIO: 1,11 AVERAGE DIMENSION OF THE PLOT: 160.8 m2_7x24 m AVERAGE % BUILT IN THE PLOT: 69,4%

A

THE PERIPHERY OF SÃO PAULO PRESENT REGULAR RECTANGULAR BLOCKS AS ITS MAIN FORM OF OCCUPATION. IN A DETERMINED AREA, THE BLOCKS SHOW VERY SIMILAR DIMENSION AND PROPORTION IN TERM OF BUILT AREA AND VOID, ALTOGETHER WITH A SIMILAR NUMBER OF PLOTS. THE ROAD SYSTEM IS MAINLY IMPLEMENTED IN A REGULAR GRID OF ORTHOGONAL ROADS, THAT LEAVE SPACE FOR RECTANGULAR BLOCKS. THE BLOCKS ARE DIVIDED BY RECTANGULAR PLOTS, DENSELY OCCUPIED BY HOUSES ALWAYS ORIENTED TOWARDS THE STREET, AND THAT OFTEN USE A GARAGE OR A PARKING SPOT AS A FILTER TO GAIN PRIVACY. THIS FACT SHOWS THE HIGH DEPENDENCE OF THE DWELLERS IN THE PERIPHERAL AREAS TO THE CAR. THE HOUSES ARE SELF-BUILT IN DIFFERENT PHASE, GENERALLY FOLLOWING THE EXPANSION OF THE FAMILY. THIS STRATEGY PRODUCES A GRAND VARIETY OF FORMS, MATERIALS, COLOURS ETC. THE CONSTRUCTION GENERALLY AIMS TO OCCUPY THE PLOT AS MUCH AS IT POSSIBLE, SO THAT SOME SHAFTS OR BENDS OR REDUCTION OF VOLUME IN THE UPPER FLOORS ARE NECESSARY TO PROVIDE AN ACCEPTABLE AMOUNT OF SUNLIGHT AND VENTILATION

B’

B

CRITICALITIES THE STRATEGY PRESENTED SHOW AN HIGH RELIANCE ON THE RESIDENTIAL FUNCTION AND PERSONAL INITIATIVE OF A SINGLE FAMILY; LITTLE COMMERCIAL FACILITIES CAN BE FOUND, OFTEN HOSTED IN THE SAME HOUSE WHERE THE OWNERS LIVE. IN THE RUN OF PARCELLING THE SOIL AND WITH A LACK OF PUBLIC DEVELOPMENT, PUBLIC SPACES DISAPPEAR, WITH THE UNIQUE EXCEPTION OF PRIMARY SCHOOLS.

A’

THE HOUSES FORM A COMPACT BLOCK, WITH THE FACADES AND THE ENTRANCE GATES THAT DRAW A CONTINUOUS LINE THAT LEAVE A TIGHT SPACE FOR THE SIDEWALK

BLOCK ELEVATION AA’_SCALE 1:500

BLOCK ELEVATION BB’_SCALE 1:500

THE HOUSES MIRROR THEMSELVES AS A WAY TO SHARE A COMMON WALL THAT IS BUILTED OR ADAPTED IN ORDER TO SATISFY THE NEEDS OF BOTH BUILDINGS

THE HOUSES USE VOIDS AND THE SHIFTING OF THE DIFFERENT FLOORS IN THE SEARCH OF A CORRECT VENTILATION AND SOLAR GAIN

THE HOUSES MIRROR SOLVE THE PROBLEM OF THE PRIVACY AND OF A FACADE DIRECTLY FACING THE STREET BY SHIFTING BACK THE FACADE ITSELF. THE SPACE THAT IS CREATED CAN BE USED AS A SIMPLE COURTYARD, OR AS A PARKING SPACE, OR EVEN AS A LITTLE SHOP RUN BY THE OWNERS OF THE HOUSE, WHEN THIS SPACE IS COVERED

4. a

1:5000 1:2000

MASTERPLAN:

CIDADE BOA ESPERANÇA CIDADE BOA ESPERANÇA_ A MASTERPLAN FOR A SELF-MANAGED PROJECT IN THE OUTSKIRTS OF SÃO PAULO ANDREA LIGATO supervisor: CAMILLO MAGNI POLITECNICO DI MILANO_2018

4. b

STRATEGY:

CIDADE BOA ESPERANÇA CIDADE BOA ESPERANÇA_ A MASTERPLAN FOR A SELF-MANAGED PROJECT IN THE OUTSKIRTS OF SÃO PAULO ANDREA LIGATO supervisor: CAMILLO MAGNI POLITECNICO DI MILANO_2018

LOCATION: PARQUE BOA ESPERANÇA, SÃO MATEUS DISTANCE FROM CITY CENTRE_24,4 KM HEIGHT_FROM 790 TO 826M A.S.L.

PLOT 5: AREA_7.235,7 m2 NUMBER OF HOUSING UNITS_151 NUMBER OF INHABITANTS_604 DENSITY_834,8 inh/ha 2 AREA: 49.052 m FLOOR AREA RATIO_1,48 PLOT 6: AREA_3.786 m2 NUMBER OF HOUSING UNITS: 963_houses:260/apartments:703 NUMBER OF HOUSING UNITS_96 NUMBER OF INHABITANTS_384 NUMBER OF INHABITANS: 3852 (the result is obtained DENSITY_1.014,3 inh/ha assuming that each housing units host a family of four members) FLOOR AREA RATIO_1,97 PLOT 7: AREA_5.021,1 m2 DENSITY [INH/HA]: 785,3 NUMBER OF HOUSING UNITS_184 NUMBER OF INHABITANTS_736 FLOOR AREA RATIO: 1,46 DENSITY_1.465,8 inh/ha FLOOR AREA RATIO_2,67 2 PLOT 1: AREA_5.735,7 m NUMBER OF HOUSING UNITS_97 WORK: THE CONSTRUCTION IS INTENDED TO BE NUMBER OF INHABITANTS_388 DEVELOPED BY A BUILDING COMPANY OF THE AREA DENSITY_676,5 inh/ha AND THE MEMBERS OF THE MUTIRÃO FLOOR AREA RATIO_1,28 PLOT 2: AREA_7.563,9 m2 BUILDING SYSTEM: CONCRETE STRUCTURE, SELF-BEARING NUMBER OF HOUSING UNITS_117 CONCRETE MASONRY NUMBER OF INHABITANTS_468 DENSITY_618,7 inh/ha GREEN AREA: 15.176 m2_31% OF THE TOTAL AREA FLOOR AREA RATIO_1,18 PLOT 3: AREA_9.884,3 m2 INDOOR COLLECTIVE SPACE: 4.325 m2_9% OF THE TOTAL NUMBER OF HOUSING UNITS_137 AREA NUMBER OF INHABITANTS_548 DENSITY_554,4 inh/ha PARKING AREA: 99 PARKING PLOTS_4%OF THE TOTAL AREA FLOOR AREA RATIO_1,05 PLOT 4: AREA_9.825,1 m2 NUMBER OF HOUSING UNITS_181 NUMBER OF INHABITANTS_724 DENSITY_736,9 inh/ha FLOOR AREA RATIO_1,36

1

2

3

4

5

6

7 KEYPLAN OF THE PLOTS

DOUBLE TIPOLOGY: LOW RISE TERRACED HOUSES AND TOWERS. THE LATTERS BALANCE THE REDUCED NUMBER OF HOUSING UNITS OF THE HOUSES AND LEAVE FREE SPACE FOR A PUBLIC PARK.

THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE ANALISED BLOCK IS ORGANIZED AND REDUCED IN THREE ROWS, ALLOWING FOR A HIGHER NUMBER OF HOUSING UNITS AND SEMI-PUBLIC SPACES IN BETWEEN THE ROWS. AN UNIQUE HOUSING UNIT IS REPLICATED IN ORDER TO SIMPLIFY AND RATIONALISE THE CONSTRUCTION.

TWO STRUCTURAL SYSTEM ARE SUGGESTED: TERRACED HOUSES_STRUCTURAL LOAD BEARING BLOCKS, THAT ALLOW THE FUTURE DWELLERS TO JOIN THE CONSTRUCTION AND REDUCE THE COSTS TOWER_CONCRETE STRUCTURE OF PILLAR AND PRE-FAB SLAB.

PARKING LOT INNER COURTYARD INNER COURTYARD PARKING LOT

PUBLIC/COMMERCIAL

SEMI-PUBLIC

PRIVATE/RESIDENTIAL

DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS ARE HOSTED IN EACH PLOT: TERRACED HOUSES_EXCLUSIVELY HOST THE RESIDENTIAL FUNCTION. TOWER_RESIDENTIAL IN THE UPPER FLOORS, IT HOST COLLECTIVE SPACES, COMMERCIAL FACILITIES AND TECHNICAL SPACES IN THE GROUND FLOOR.

DIFFERENT RELATIONSHIP WITH THE STREET: TERRACED HOUSES_THEY FACE THE STREETS WITH PARKING LOTS THAT ACT AS A FILTER, THE CENTRAL ROWS FACE THE INNER PATHS. TOWER_THE FACILITIES HOSTED AT THE GROUND FLOOR MAKE IT PERMEABLE AND MAKE IT ACT AS A SOCIAL ATTRACTOR.

PROJECT’S PLOTS

ORIGINAL PLOTS

MAIN TRAFFIC FLOWS SECONDARY TRAFFIC FLOWS NEW ROADS EXISTING ROADS

RE-ARRANGEMENT OF THE ROAD AND THE PLOTS: A NEW ROAD SYSTEM IS SUGGESTED, WITH A NEW HIERARCHY THAT DIFFERENTIATES THE INNER ROADS MAINLY USED BY THE FUTURE DWELLERS AND THE MAIN ROADS CONNECTING THE AREA WITH THE EXISTING CONTEXT. THE PLOTS ARE SLIGHTLY ENLARGED AND IN SOME CASE JOINED, ACCORDING TO THE NEW ROAD SYSTEM AND THE IMPLANT OF THE BUILDINGS.

SECTION AA’ 1:1000

SECTION BB’ 1:1000

4. c

MASTERPLAN:

CIDADE BOA ESPERANÇA 1:1000 CIDADE BOA ESPERANÇA_ A MASTERPLAN FOR A SELF-MANAGED PROJECT IN THE OUTSKIRTS OF SÃO PAULO ANDREA LIGATO supervisor: CAMILLO MAGNI POLITECNICO DI MILANO_2018

A

C

C’

B

B’

D

D’

A’

SECTION CC’ 1:1000

SECTION DD’ 1:1000