The Time of Inventions

The Time of Inventions Card Game

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Important Information about this little booklet: By the end of this activity you will be familiar with the period in British history that lasted roughly between 1750 and 1850, which many historians call the 'First Industrial Revolution‘.

W E I Activity s Instructions V E R P

You will also learn about: Important inventions that took place during this period.

A series of problems/needs that were created because of the growth of population at the beginning of the 18th century. the Inventors and Innovators that took action in order to solve those problems/needs.

'

What you have to do is: cut the cards carefully following the dotted lines. mix up the cards read the cards you have in front of you (some cards present the PROBLEMS of the period and other cards present the INVENTORS that solved those problems). match the PROBLEM-card with the appropriate INVENTOR-card.

Jethro Tull

Problem

Seed Dril - Mechanism

The increasing population in the 1700s created a huge need for more wheat in order to produce more bread

My name is Jethro Tull. I designed a mechanism to control the planting of seeds into the soil. I needed a few years to design it but I think I have done great work.

W E I V

PROBLEM – How can the land be cultivated quickly and effectively so that the farmers can get the best possible results?

The seed-drill plants seeds more quickly and efficiently and at the same time the three ploughs on my seed-drill turn the soil more effectively.

E

R Problem P With the population growing in the 1700s there was a need for food but the scrawny animals weren’t worth eating.

PROBLEM – how can we get better fed, healthier, meatier, woollier animals for the increased british population?

Robert Bakewell My name is Robert Bakewell and I know the answer to this: select the best animals, mate them –and the result is better, meatier animals. It is called selective breeding. People say my cattle are as fat as bears!

The weight of many of my animals has more than doubled – that’s more meat, more wool, more milk – more profit! I’m the man responsible for all that good roast beef the British love so much.

harles Townshend

Problem

C

Great idea but bigger animals needed better feeding, especially across the winter.

My name is Charles Townshend though people have started calling me ‘Turnip Townshend’.

PROBLEM – how do we feed farm animals across the winter?

How can we get winter feed for animals?

W E I V

That’s because the answer to this problem is turnips! They are easily grown. There’s great goodness in them.

E

R Problem P

The growth of population led also to a greater demand, for clothes.

PROBLEM – spinners and weavers in peoples homes couldn’t work fast enough to create the thread and cloth. Therefore, an was needed that would help them to make clothes faster.

Feed animals with turnips across the winter. People can eat them too.

James Hargreaves I'm James Hargreaves. Try my “Spinning Jenny”, the best invention in textile industry.

In 1764, I invented “Spinning Jenny” an improved spinning machine, a hand-powered multiple spinning machine that was the first machine to improve upon the spinning wheel.

My spinning jenny allows weavers to spin more than one thread at a time. Spinning Jenny can spin eight yarns at once. More cloth, more clothes, more profit.

Problem

Richard Arkright

Hargreaves’ “Spinning Jenny” made domestic production in homes much more effective but there was a limit to how many workers can work in one house.

My name is Richard Arkwright.

Factories are the answer – like my grand new factory at Cromford in Derbyshire – there are opportunities for men, women and children of all ages.

W E I V

PROBLEM – Production had to be increased by having more people working in one place?

E

R ProblemP

There is more companionship than working at home – bonuses for the best workers (and fines if you’re late). They also call me the father of the factory system.

Josiah Wedgewood

More people also meant great demand for many commodities PROBLEM How can we make enough plates, cups, saucers, teacups for the growing population

My name’s Josiah Wedgwood. The answer is mass production. In my factory every worker specialises - in making cups or saucers or teapots or painting the finished product. This way everything matches – teapots pour accurately, lids fit properly.

I oversee every stage of workmanship – I’ve been known to smash shoddy items with my wooden leg. Just drop into my showroom or ask for a catalogue.

James Brindley

Problem

I’m James Brindley and the answer is canals – waterways are the best and safest way to transport any goods. I had dinner with Mr. Wedgwood the other night and we agreed on that – canals are the future.

PROBLEM - how to get things round the country safely – pottery products are very breakable, the roads are poor and carrying goods on horseback is risky and slow.

W E I V

A canal barge will carry 400 times the weight that a horse carries – how’s that for economical? And we create employment lots of men needed to do the digging – spades, shovels and musclepower – cheap and effective – like canals.

E

R P

Problem

Canals were still slow, moving at the pace of a walking horse. Factories depended on water power – which disappeared in a dry summer. If only there was more power available.

Artificial Canal

James Watt A few years ago, I was asked to repair a steam engine. It was a fascinating task – I discovered how to make it work much more efficiently and with less fuel.

In 1781 I found a way of getting a steam engine to turn a wheel. Steam engines could now be used in factories instead of water wheels.

Steam engines are much more powerful and they could be really important for the future.

Mathew Boulton

Problem PROBLEM - Watt was a great scientist but not an entrepreneur, not someone who would make the best of his invention… Inventions like the steam engine needed someone to copy it and spread it around the world.

I’m Matthew Boulton, the man to help Mr. Watt – my engineers in Birmingham have the skills and I’ve got the money. I reckon this steam engine idea will make me a lot more – Boulton and Watt – I can see the name up in gas-lights.

We can make patent the steam engines so anyone else who manufactures engines has to pay us to do so. Soon they’ll be powering all these factors springing up everywhere..

W E I V

E

R Problem P

All these inventions created great factories where hundreds of people worked.

PROBLEM - some of the problems inflicted on the workforces by factory owners were very long working hours, harsh working conditions and extensive use or even abuse of child labour.

Robert Owen My names is Robert Owen. I am a textile manufacturer and I have a vision to change the world. People say I am a social reformer and a philanthropist.

What I know is that I would like to see a better and more fair society. I have started from my factory, a large textile mill at New Lanark, where many workers and children work under the best condition they can find in the country, I believe that work education and fun should go hand in hand!

George Stephenson

Problem So, let’s look back!

Growing population, more food being grown, mass production, new forms of energy, animals to move around but

“Trains and Railways” – that’s the future. Up in north-east more efficient ways of hauling coal were needed and that's where I, George Stephenson, have developed my ideas. First the StocktonDarlington line, you should see the crowds who’ve turned out to watch my railway, next the Liverpool-Manchester line. I’ve got this grand engine, The Rocket.

W E I V

PROBLEM – better and faster transport was needed.

Railways are the future!

E

R Problem P

Abraham Darby

Trains had great potential but a few other things were needed to improve their construction. Iron had always been made from charcoal, but this was quite expensive.

I’m called Abraham Darby and I developed a method of producing high quality iron in a blast furnace. I used coke made from local coal rather than charcoal as fuel.

PROBLEM – A new method of producing high quality iron was needed.

This is a major advance. It allowed large quantities of iron to be produced.

My iron went into steam engines, bridges and machines : the inventions that made Britain so successful in the nineteenth century.

Isambard Kingdom Brunel

Problem A high quality iron can be used to build bridges, railways, tunnels and ships.

I’m your man ISAMBARD KINGDOM BRUNEL the best engineer in the country and probably the world. You need it and I’ll build it – safely.

I’ve built the Great Western railway, the Clifton Bridge, The Thames Tunnel, Bristol docks and steamships built of iron.

W E I V

PROBLEM – a great engineer was needed to take action!

My ship, the SS Great Britain, will get you to America twice as fast as any other ship.

E

Problem

R P

Despite the great amount of inventions that made people’s life much better, there were many diseases which killed many people.

PROBLEM - there was still a great deal of sickness and lives were very short – nobody knew exactly what caused disease.

Royal Albert Bridge

Luis Pasteur

People say that disease is caused by bad air. Poof! Ridiculous.

I, the great Louis Pasteur, have made the experiments amazing – I can tell you that disease is caused by bacteria and my experiments have convinced the greatest scientists in my country, La France.

I also came up with the food preparing process known as pasteurization; I also developed a vaccination for anthrax and rabies Pasteurization is a process that kills bacteria food and drink, such as milk, juice and canned food

Joseph Bazalgette

Problem

These problems can be solved by good engineering. If you want something done properly and thoroughly you need an engineer, like me, Joseph Bazalgette. London and every other town needs a good sewerage system – no more Great Stinks – such schemes will do more to improve health than any other single discovery.

PROBLEM - towns were full of sewage and filthy water which spread disease.

W E I V

E

Problem

R P

One PROBLEM not yet solved was that of light – candles were the major source of light

Michael Faraday

I, Michael Faraday, know that one day electricity will be the answer and provide light in all kinds of ways. I’ve undertaken many interesting experiments and worked out how to produce electricity and make an electrical generator – but I haven’t time to follow this up – too many other exciting experiments to try – and these new Christmas lectures to organize for the Royal Society. Remember that one day – electricity – will light up the world.

The Industrial Revolution was another

W E I story of V ECivilization one of those

extraordinary jumps forward in the

R P

Industrial Revolution developments – Filling-the-gaps activity: With the population growing in the 1700s there was a need for food but the scrawny animals weren’t worth eating. ______________ came up with the idea to select the best animals to mate them in order to get better, meatier animals. This process was called _____________________.

However, bigger animals needed more food especially across winter so _____________________ thought to plant _________________ which are easily grown and farmers could feed animals across the winter.

W E I V

In 1825, the population of Britain was 20 millions, that meant that the increasing population of Britain needed more _______________ in order to produce more ____________. __________________ designed a mechanism to control the plant of seeds into the soil. His ___________________ plants seeds more quickly and efficiently and at the same time the three ________________of this mechanism turned the soil more efficiently.

The industrial Revolution was a period of rapid changes in industry.

E

Particularly in textile industry a number of developments took place. _________________ invented the ____________________, an improved spinning machine that was the first machine to improve upon the spinning wheel. In 1771 ______________ opened the first cotton factory at _________________. He is known as the father of the factory system. In the iron-making industry, _________________ developed a method of producing high quality iron in a __________________.

R P

At the same time great engineers came into action, _______________, ___________________ and __________________. The latter is famous for his work on the steam engines. He found a way of getting a ________________ to turn a wheel. On the other hand ___________________help to develop ________________ and ______________. He is famous for the design and construction of the Rocket Locomotive. Finally, ________________ , a well known engineer, built many bridges, railways tunnels and docks. Among his work are: the Thames tunnel, __________________ and the Great western Railway.

Despite all these developments, there was still a great deal of sickness and lives were very short because nobody knew exactly what caused the disease. In 1864 ________________ discover that disease is caused by bacteria and he came up with food preparing process known as_______________.

James Watt, engine, breeding,

George Stephenson,

Stephenson, Pasteurization

Townshend,

13

blast furnace,

railways,

Brunel,

Cromford,

James Hargreaves, Spinning Jenny,

Abraham Darby,

Clifton bridge,

Wheat,

Isambard Kingdom Brunel, Richard Arkwright,

Robert Bakewell, Luis Pasteur,

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Bread, Jethro Tull,

Turnips, Trains seed-drill,

steam Selective Charles ploughs

Inventions and innovations of the first industrial revolution (1750-1850) Problems/needs

solutions/inventions

How to cultivate the land more effectively?

How to get meatier woollier animals?

W E I V

How to feed farm animals during the winter?

How to help spinners to produce more thread?

How to produce more by working in one place?

E

R P

How to create more power?

How to make high quality iron?

How to transport people and goods quickly?

How to build railways, bridges, tunnels and ships?

How to deal with the many diseases which killed many people?

How to get things round the country safely?

How to solve the sewage problem and filthy water which spread disease?

15

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Can you name the inventions and their inventors

W E I V E You can also colour the 'black & white" inventions on this page

R P

Choose the invention and the name of the inventor to write on the right box:

Steam Engine

Jethro Tull

Train and Railways

James Watt

electricity

Michael Faraday

George Stevenson

James Hargreaves

Seed Drill

Choose the correct answer: 1. Did Pasteur discover penicillin? a. Yes b. No 2. Which of the following individuals developed a method of producing a high quality iron? a. Louis Pasteur b. Abraham Darby c. James Watt d. Richard Arkwright

W E I V

3. The “Great Britain” was a modern ship of the time? a. Yes

b. No

E

4. The “Great Western” was: a. ship b. bridge c. railway d. tunnel

R P

5. Did Brunel build Stockton-Darlington railway? a.Yes

b. No

6. What was the Industrial Revolution? a. The industries set up after the French and American Revolutions b. The acceleration of technical and economic development that begun in Britain around 1750 c. Where all the poorly paid industrial workers finally had enough and all stopped work at once around 5.30 in the afternoon

7. What was the 'new' industry dominated by? a. Machinery and Manufacturing b. Farms and Animals c. Selling and Servicing 8. Which areas of Britain grew the most? a. Countryside b. Urban areas c. Coastal ports

9. The 1800s were a time of 'Industrial Revolution', with great changes. Which of the following is NOT true a) A move from domestic industry to factory-based industry. b) A move from steam engines to wind power c) A revolution in transport and communications.

10. Louis Pasteur is famous for inventing which of the following?

W E I V

a. The process of pasteurization b. A vaccine for milk sickness c. The cure of cholera

11. Which of the following individuals invented the steam engine? a. George Stephenson b. James Watt c. Isambard Kingdom Brunel

E

12. What was the population of Britain in 1850s? a.

11 million b.

32 million c.

42 million

R P

13. Spinning Jenny was: a) a mechanism to control the plant of seeds into the soil b) a hand-powered multiple spinning machine. c)the first textile factory 14. When was Spinning Jenny invented? a) b) c)

1764 1864 1794

Inventors case study You can learn about the life of many inventors in the Discovery Museum. Choose an inventor from the Tyneside Challenge gallery to help you fill in the gaps (you can find out extra information about some of the inventors on the ‘Fact Finder’ interactive). You could research more about your chosen inventor back in the classroom.

Draw a portrait of your chosen inventor: Name:

W E I V

Date of birth: Birth place: Family:

E

What did they invent?

R P

How did their inventions make a difference?

If you could ask your inventor a question what would it be?

16

Copyright Tellus Mind - Tellusmind.com

Copyright Š 2020 by Tellus Mind.co By downloading this file, you are agreeing to the "Terms of Use".

Reselling of Tellus Mind printables is strictly prohibited. Posting Tellus Mind files or download links on websites, on social media, inside forums, in virtual classrooms, on personal or organization storage sites (Google Drive, Dropbox, etc.), inside chats, inside Facebook groups, and the like is strictly prohibited.

Forwarding our newsletter with the printables to your friends, colleagues, family, etc. is permitted.

You may only print Tellus Mind printables for your personal or classroom use. No other use is authorized. Please email support@tellusmind.com to request a specific use for our printables.

You may not use Tellus Mind printables (free or purchased) in your professional practice with clients (coaching, therapy, private classes and the like) without purchasing a professional license.

For more information about professional licenses, please contact support@tellusmind.com It is illegal to reproduce or distribute copyrighted material without the permission of the copyright owner.

By downloading this file, you are agreeing to the "Terms of Use".

Copyright Š 2020 by Tellus Mind.co www.Tellusmind.com

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