HOUSEWAT CH
ANDREL I EGENT 81 381 3 ABPL 20042
CONTENT INTRODUCTION
2
A. PRE-CONSTRUCTION
3
B. SITE PREPARATION
8
C. CONCRETE SLAB
9
D. WALL FRAME
11
E. BRICK VENEER
16
F. UPPER FLOOR
17
G. ROOF SYSTEM
19
H.DOORS AND WINDOWS
22
I. STAIRS
23
J. JOINERY
24
K. FINISHES
25
L. SERVICES
29
M. COMPLETION REFERENCES
31
30
INTRODUCTION
114 Rennie st, Coburg, 3058
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1 Grant st, Coburg 3058
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1:100m @A4 - Retrieved from nearmap
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171 Moreland rd, Coburg, 3058
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75 Blaire st, Coburg, 3058 2
A01 A
PRE-CONSTRUCTION
The process started from client who establishes the needs of construction. Then the client appointed consultants and constructor to help with design, drawing, administration and the construction process.
Project roles: Main grouping in construction industry
CLIENT
CONSULTANT
• Architect • Surveyor • Structural engineer • Electrical engineer • Mechanical engineer • Geo-technical engineer • Hydraulic engineer • Structural engineer • Electrical engineer • Town planner
• Initiate the project • Establishing the needs of the project • Providing budget • Making decisions • May be individuals, groups or institutions
CONSTRUCTORS
• Main Contractor • Subcontractor • Material supplier •Manager • Equipment supplier, etc.
Permits In order for a construction job to commence, it needs a building permit and/or planning permit. Building permit is related specifically to the process of building construction. However, there are occassions when a planning permit is also be required. Planning permits are authorised documents giving give permission for a development or land use that may be required local council. If a planning permit is required, it must be obtained before a building permit can be issued, however, both applications can be made at the same time. The client either apply for the buiding permit himself or authorise architect or builder to do so. The building permit is applied through client’s choice of a municipal or private building surveyor with a certain fee. (VBA) Important requirements for applying for building permit: -Drawings (plan, section, elevation, detail) -foundation data and the results of soil tests -local council laws and regulations. -mandatory energy efficiency requirements The building surveyor will check for compliance with the Act and Regulations, then decide to issue a building permit with or without conditions. Once the building permit is issued, the construction has to commence within 12 months and completed within 24 months of the date of issue of the building permit. The duration varies for different types of construction job. (VBA)
3
A01 A
TITLE PRE-CONSTRUCTION
Soil Testing Report Besides being a neccessary document for building permit, soil testing also determined the types and spesification of the house’s footing system. In order to conduct soil testing, we need to appoint a geotechnical engineer. The test results in the classification of soil which is one of the following: Class
Foundation
A
Most sand and rock sites with little or no ground movement from moisture changes
S
Slightly reactive clay sites, which may experience only slight ground movement from moisture changes
M
Moderately reactive clay or silt sites, which may experience moderate ground movement from moisture changes
H1
Highly reactive clay sites, which may experience high ground movement from moisture changes
H2
Highly reactive clay sites, which may experience very high ground movement from moisture changes
E
Extremely reactive sites, which may experience extreme ground movement from moisture changes
(AS2870)
Building Regulation Building Regulation Buildings need to meet the minimum necessary requirements for amenity, health, safety and sustainability in the design and construction as specified in the NCC (National Construction Code). Classified as class 1 (a detached building), the houses that are observed have to comply with NCC Volume 2. The constructions also refer to standards, a set of detailed rules, acceptable procedures and guidelines to ensure products and services are reliable and safe in accordance to performance requirement. Examples of Australian Standard for construction: AS1576 AS1684 AS2870 AS3740 AS3700 AS3000 AS1562.1 AS2311 AS3500 AS2589 (and so on)
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Scaffolding Residential timber-framed construction Residential slabs and footings Waterproofing of wet areas within residential buildings Masonry structures Wiring rules Design and installation of sheet roof and wall cladding Guide to the painting of buildings Plumbing and drainage Gypsum lining – Application and finishing
figure A1. NCC Volume 2 cover page
(SAI Global)
4
A01 A
TITLE PRE-CONSTRUCTION
Drawings Drawings are used to communicate ideas and concepts and to enable a building contractor to construct accordingly. Schematic drawing
figure A2. Example of schematic
figure A3. Example of schematic design Source: Moss design
Architectural drawing Drawing that represents the architect’s design of the building
Structural drawing Engineering drawing that shows how the building is going to be built as well as the structural details and spesification, issued by structural engineer.
figure A4. Example of architectural drawing Source: raffertyarchitects.com
figure A5. Example of structural drawing Source: geelongaustralia.com.au/library/images/civildrawings/cgg711.
Services drawing (e.g electrical drawing) Finishes schedule Drawing spesifically for services installation such as sewage, electrical, Spesifying the finish item (e.g Black paint, green tiles, gas. Generally will shows the details about pipes, wire, cable, fitting, etc.) etc.
figure A7. Example of finishes schedule Source:4.bp.blogspot.com figure A6. Example of electrical drawing Source: Dmax Design Group 5
A
PRE-CONSTRUCTION TITLE
Time is one of the important aspects in delivering successful project. It is necessary to stick with schedule and plan. However, there might be unpredictable events that delayed the project such as miscommunication, weather issue, politics, delay in materials delivery etc. Below is an example of project schedule. The approximate timeline is obtained by asking the builders of each houses.
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CONSTRUCTION PHASE
B
SITE TITLEPREPARATION
With building permit and drawings are issued, the appointed builder or contractor can commence the construction. It started with site preparation which include several things need to be done: 1. Safety fence 2. Site clearance 3. Services rough in Board containing important information about the project including street number, building surveyor, site manager, contact number, etc. Fences are erected along the site boundary for safety
It also contains site safety rules such as wearing PPE while on site and others.
figure B1. Project information
Excavator site clearance and excavation for services rough in
Pipes for rough-in services
figure B2. Excavator
figure B3. Pipes
Portable toilet should be provided for workers convenient.
Switchboard Before commencing the construction, the site should have electricity supply at least enough for works that requires electrity such as sawing, welding etc.
figure B5. Switchboard
When the services have been roughed in, the project is ready to move to the next stage, which is concrete slab
figure B4. Portable toilet
figure B6. Services rough in 8
A01 C
CONCRETE SLAB FLOORING TITLE
The stiffened raft slab is most common and the simplest slab construction. It can be used on all classes of sites (except problem sites - Class P) (disweb.rmit.edu.au). It mainly comprises of concrete slab, edge beams, internal beams and steel reinforcment. Prior to pouring the slab, excavation is necessary to control the shape of the slab (figure C2). Concrete consists of cement, aggregates, water and additives. The ratio depends on the desired strength, workability or other qualities. Concrete is mixed on site right before pouring it. Before pouring there are two test that are necessary: 1. Compressive test ----> To ensure the concrete has the desired strength figure C1. Stiffened raft slab 2. Slump test ---------> To measure the workability of the concrete
figure C2. Excavation prior to pouring concrete figure C3. Compressive test Source: fprimec.com
figure C4. Slump test Source: hubpages.com
Timber formwork Formwork is a temporary element that is put in order to control the shape of the concrete. Once the concrete is strong enough, it will be removed
Services rough-in
Mesh spacer
Steel mesh Concrete is strong in compression but weak in tension. Therefore it needs steel reinforcement since steel is good in tension.
Damp proof membrane This non-permeable paper is placed above in between ground and steel mesh in order to prevent moisture coming up to the concrete as it will affect the strength figure C5. Preparation before pouring concrete Source: cornellengineers.com.au
Diagonal reinforment may be necessary at re-entrant corners to prevent cracks After this elements been put, concrete is ready to be poured
The selection of steel mesh and concrete as specified by the engineer. For example, for concrete we may see spesification such as N25, representing normals class concrete with 25 MPa strength. For reinforment we may see specs like RL 718 or 918, where “R” is rectangular and “L” is low ductility steel. 7 represents the diameter of the main bar. The “1” represents the spacing of the main bar which is 100mm. The “8” represents the 8mm diameter of the secondary bars. 9
After pouring the concrete, concrete needs to go through compaction and curing process. Compaction or vibration is the process which expels the entrapped air from the freshly poured concrete. It increases the density of concrete, hence increases its strength and durability and minimises shrinkage. Curing is the process of controlling moisture loss of concrete
figure C6. Vibration process Source: iamcivilengineer.com
figure C7. Curing process Source: cementandconcrete.com.au
Concrete will gain its maximum strength generally 28 days after being poured. However, builders often starts the next stage which is the wall frame 7 days after pouring the concrete. That is because the strength gained in 7 days closely resembles the strength gained in 28 days. Consequently, the construction process becomes quicker.
Standard design of stiffened raft slab as extracted from AS2870 - 2011, pp. 29 - 30:
Rebate For brick veneer
figure C8. Section detail Source: Wilkie 2014, p. 103 As this house has double storey, the slab has to be thicker 450mm.
Table C1. Extract from AS2870-2011, pp. 29-30 10
A01 D
TITLE FRAME WALL
The wall functions as the building envelope. Structurally the wall is the main vertical frame that keeps the house in an upright position. It supports the roof and transfers load to the components beneath it (flooring, footing and foundation). In addition, wall also provides temperature and moisture control. It keeps the house comfortable from the weather outside. The frame is mainly timber based or metal based. Timber frame is popular in Australia’s residential project since it is more efficient and economical. Working with timber is more tolerable, meaning that a mistake during the construction process can be fixed more easily than using metal. The frame comprises of vertical and horizontal members that has the same main aim, that is to distribute the load evenly to the the ground without failing. (Wilkie 2014, p. 110)
figure D1. Timber wall frame
figure D2. Anatomy of wall frame Source: disweb.rmit.edu.au
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Top wall plate Top horizontal members along the wall frame that contacted directly with the flooring system (bearer and joist).In most two level houses, the top wall plate is doubled because it carries more load from the second floor
Steel bracing Diagonally placed steel to enhanced stability of the frame.
Nogging Horizontal members between studs to provide lateral stability for the studs. Maximum height of nogging is 1350mm (AS1684)
Props Unlike the steel bracing, Props are used to support the frame temporarily. Once the frame has reach the desired stability, props are removed.
Bottom plate Bottom horizontal members along the wall that contacted directly with the flooring system. It is generally just a single plate unlike the top plate which might be a double plate depending on the need. This is because the load that is carried by bottom plate is directly transferred to the concrete slab Lintel A horizontal structural member over an opening that carries the weight above it. The size and spesification of lintel depends on: 1. The size of opening 2. The combination of load from above. (reference) The larger the opening, the higher grade of timber is needed. Sometimes for larger opening, steel lintel is also possible.
figure D3. Wall frame
Studs Vertical members that transfer l vertically. The spacing between studs are generally 450mm and 600mm (AS1684). There are different types of studs such as jamb studs, corner studs etc, depending on the position. Head trimmer
figure D4. Opening
Jamb studs Studs that are adjacent to the opening are called jamb studs. Adjacent to the opening, the studs need more reinforcement. It can be done by upgrading the timber or increasing the number of studs. Here we can see 4 studs for a large opening because there will be more load concentrated on this area.
figure D5. Corner studs.
Jack studs Lintel
figure D6. opening 12
Reinforcing Studs Like mentioned before, for large opening, reinforcement is necessary for stud. Steel is a stronger options for studs. In this case, SHS (Square Hollow Section) is used for this particular opening
Plywood are nailed on studs to increase stability. The common product used are plywood sheets and chipboards
figure D8. Lifting a PFC
Later a PFC is used as the lintel and beam
figure D9. Plywood bracing
figure D7. SHS
Load path diagram
Connections When timber is involved, generally the connection uses nails, nail plates, screw, bolt or anchor. That depends on which member connected and the strength of connection
Studs to Top & Bottom plate connection Studs that stand perpendicularly to the top and bottom plates are connected by using tie-down connector as seen in figure x and figure x. Another option is by skew nailing them (fig. x)
figure D11. Studs and Top plate connection Source: Strongtie.com
figure D12. Stud and bottom plate connected by tie-down connector
figure D13. Nailing between studs and bottom plate Source: Carpentrytipsandtricks.com 13
Studs to nogging Noggings are nailed to studs
Corner studs joint
Corner studs have to be securedly fixed with blocking and nails
figure D14. Studs to Nogging connection Source: http://wiki.diyfaq.org.uk
figure D16. Timber joint Source: rmit.edu.au figure D15. Wall frame corner
Steel Connection Nails are not used in steel connection. The connection will generally involved welding (for steel and steel connection) and bolting and achoring.
Timber studs and SHS are connected by anchor plate.
figure D17. SHS to studs connection
figure D18. Anchor plate before connected to the studs
Steel connection can be done by bolting or welding. Here we see an example of welding figure D19. Welding
Diagonal bracing is notched
figure D20. Diagonal bracing
figure D21. Diagonal bracing connection Source: pryda.com 14
Materials
Timber
Based on its purpose, timber products is divided into appearance product and structural product. Appearance is the one used for cladding, finishes etc. Structural product has more strength and is used for structural frame (fwpa, p. 18). In this stage, we only see the structural product
MGP10 It is a seasoned timber product generally comes from softwood radiata pine (WPV, p. 4). Most of the members of the wall frame are MGP10 (studs, nogging, top and bottom plate, props etc.)
For similar purpose but better strength, builders would go for higher grade such as F17.
figure D22. MGP10 as props
Plywood bracing Plywood is produced by gluing together thin layers of wood veneer with the grain of adjacent veneers running perpendicular to each other. (WPV, p. 14).
Plywood bracing Once nailed to the studs, it acts as a structural bracing. In some cases it can also be used as appearance purpose
figure D23. Wall frame with plywood bracing
Steel SHS The square hollow section is also a hotrolled product. In this project, it acts as column for opening or studs that is connected to the PFC.
PFC Parallel Flange Channel is a hot-rolled product which is used as a primary structure. In this project, it acts as beam and lintel for large opening. The upper level floor joist is going to sits on it.
figure D24. PFC
figure D25. SHS
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A01 E
TITLE VENEER BRICK Stacks of building arrived on site Mortar mixer This equipment is used to mix mortar, which is used to bond the bricks
figure E1. Stacks of bricks
figure E2. Mortar mixer
Building Paper is placed between studs and brick. The paper non-permeable, functioning as insulation and moisture control
Bricks ready to be put figure E4. Building paper
figure E3. Wall frame covered by building paper
Flashing collecting the water (rain) and move it away. Cavity To preven water especially rain getting in from brick to studs
Weep hole to allow water drain away from the building
Building Paper
figure E6. Section of brick veneer Source: disweb.rmit.edu.au
figure E5. Weephole
The garage does not have timber frame. The garage is using brick for the wall. Since it has a large opening, a galvanised steel angle is neccessary to support the brickwork (figure x- x)
figure E7. Lifting up the steel angle
figure E10. Articulation
figure E8. Bricks on steel angle
Articulation joint Foam is filled in straight walls without openings (disweb.rmit.edu.au). This is to accommodate movements of bricks due to weather and temperature to prevent cracks.
figure E9. Bricks on steel angle
Brick above opening
Steel angle
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F
UPPER FLOOR SYSTEM
Floor system is the the horizontal planes that support both live loads and dead loads. It has to evenly distribute the load horizontally across the plane and then to the wall system. This house adopts posi joist floor system.
Panel Subfloor
Additional bracing
Posi joist Pipes Wall plate
figure F1. Anatomy of floor system
Panel Subfloor Plywood sheets are laid on top of the joist to provide base and platform for the finish flooring. Plywood panels are laid with the face grain of the plies perpendicular to the line of the joists and shall be continuous over at least two spans. Ends of sheets shall be butted over joists. (AS1684)
The floor joist sits on top of the top wall plate, if not the bearer. They are placed with typical spacing of 450mm or 600mm (AS1684) Posi-strut joist The joist is a hybrid engineered product that consits of timber flange and steel trusses web. Benefits of posi joist are: 1. Lightweight but strong 2. Easy to install 3. Allow greater spans 4. The cavity allow services system to fit in
Strongback
figure F2. Floor system
figure F3. Pipes fits in posi joist
Posi joists come in different size and thickness, that results in different spacing and maximum span. Here is the standard as extracted from http://engtruss.com.au/floor.pdf 17
Connection Connection of the floor system involves nails and nail plates
Plywood over joist
figure F4. Section of floor system Source: http://engtruss.com.au/floor.pdf
figure F5. Fixing Posi joist to top wall plate by nail Source: http://engtruss.com.au/floor.pdf
figure F6. Connection of Joist Perpendicular to Non-Bracing Wall
Source: http://engtruss.com.au/floor.pdf Plywood sheets are directly nailed to posi joist.
figure F7. Joist to plywood connection 18
G
ROOF SYSTEM
Roof system is the top components of the house that functions as shelter, protecting the interior spaces from rainwater or snow. The house uses hip roof design where all sides slope downwards to the walls. It consists of a series of pre-fabricated roof trusses. The light weightness, but strong is the advantage of using truss. It is less labour intensive as the truss is pre-fabricated (Wilkie 2014, p. 161)
figure G1. Parts of roof truss Source: Wilkie 2014, p. 162
Roof trusses are lifted by crane
figure G3. Crane on site
figure G2. Different truss members in hip roof
Hip roof consists of different shapes of truss to acommodate the slope on every sides: 1. Hip truss A half truss with an extended top chord that extends over the truncated girder truss and stops as the top of the hip. 2. Truncated standard truss A standard truss shape which top is cuts off to suit the slope
Scaffolding Temporary structure to support people and materials especially for high building.
3. Truncated girder truss Similar to truncated standard truss. It is positioned below the standard truncated trusses. It takes the load of the outer hip trusses including the jack, hip and creeper trusses. Consequently it is stronger than the trucated standard truss. 4. Jack truss Similar to hip roof but with shorter span and different function. it runs into the hip truss. The extender chord goes over the truncated girder and meets the hip truss.
figure G4. Scaffolding
5. Creeper truss Half truss without extension chord that runs into the hip truss. (disweb.rmit.edu.au)
Hip truss
Truncated truss Sarking to prevent water (rain) from penetrating to the frame and house
Standard roof truss Diagonal bracing
Nail plate connection Jack truss
Trusses sit on top of wall plate, connected by nail angle
Roof tile batten The steel section is used to support roof tiles above figure G5. Roof truss system 19
Roof sheeting Roof sheeting covers all of the roof frame, making it the top envelope of the house. This house use corrugated metal sheet. Another option is using roof tiles which may be made up of terracota, cement, metal and others.
Sarking
figure G7. Roof sheet
Corrugated metal sheet on site, before nailed on top of roof frame
Fascia
figure G6. Roof section Source: kingspaninsulation.asia
Metal Fascia covering the end of rafters.
Sarking
Top wall plate
Roof tile batten Creeper rafter meets fascia
Lintel
Flashing
figure G8. Roof detail
Eaves gutter The sloping roof moves rainwater towards eaves gutter, and it will collect the water and move it the the box gutter
Corrugated metal sheet Sarking
Fascia figure G9. Roof detail
figure G10. Box gutter
Water then moved to the pipes underground via downpipe. figure G11. Downpipe Source: tsrd.com.au 20
Connection Sheet roof often argued to be more likely blown off by strong wind that roof tiles or shingles. The problem of this mostly caused by inadequate connection and fixing. Therefore, fixing needs a good attention.
Roof sheet is screwed through sarking and steel section
Bracing is nailed on trusses
MGP10 used for truss
Nail plate connection among truss members
Tie down connector between truss and figure G13. Tie down contop plate
figure G12. Roof truss detail
Tie down connector between creeper rafter and fascia
figure G14. Tie down connector
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A01 H
TITLE AND WINDOWS DOORS
Doors and windows are supplied by the supplier. When the frame is ready, doors and windows may be installed. The products have to be arranged carefully to prevent damage
figure H1. Guide on how to handle the product. Source: Australia Window Association
Windows are installed in the provided opening under the lintel A label on the product indicates that the windows and doors are supplied by A&L Windows Pty Ltd. The toughened glass is framed by aluminium figure H2. Product label
figure H3. Window
Frame The surround of a window or a door jamb which is connected to the wall frame. (Window Association of New Zealand)
Toughened glass
For a larger windows, it is mandatory to have at least 2 man lifting it.
Aluminium jamb
figure H4. Aluminium sliding door
Door sill A strip on the floor between the jambs of a door that is used to separate different figure H5. Door types of flooring, or to provide protection from water outside. sill (Dictionary of Construction)
Brick Sill A series of a sloped brick to prevent water penetrating into the window.
figure H6. Brick sill figure H7. Brick sill detail
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A01 I
TITLE STAIRS
Stairs are used to connect different levels. It is either constructed by carpentry team insitu or requested to a stair contractor to manufacture offsite, deliver and assemble. The second option will require the contractor to measure the frame, floor and opening, then match it to the stair. Prior to stair installation, builders have portable ladder or scaffolding to go the upper level
figure I1. Stair Source: Lecture 19
For stair opening, we need shorter member of the joist. Joists adjacent to the opening need to reinforced by doubling the joist figure I2. Floor joist on stair opening
Stairs dimensions according to BCA:
Table I1. Stairs regulation Source: BCA (Building code Australia)
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J
TITLE JOINERY
Cabinetry works today are often off site manufacturing. Chipboard and MDF are the most popular in cabinet joinery. They are fixed by glue, nail or screw to obtain the desired cabinets and other furniture (Wilkie 2014, p.221). There are wide range of finishes available: • Laminates • Vinyl wrap • 2-pac • Composite stone products (Caesar stone) • Plywood • Veneers (Martel, 2017) The configuration of this joinery has many possibilities, depending on the demand.
figure J1. Kitchen cabinetry Source: Realestate.com.au
figure J2. Bathroom joinery Source: Plumbworld
figure J3. Living room cabinet Source: Alibaba
There are many types of joint in cabinetry, below are few examples of the joints:
figure J4. Joinery Source: ecgadget.com
figure J5. Joinery Source: ecgadget.com 24
A01 K
TITLE FINISHES
Floor finish The house use parquet as the floor finish and tiles for bathroom.
Skirting board fixed to wall Parquet with T&G joint are secretly fixed with staples and adhesives figure K1. Parquet
Starter board top (face) nailed
Plywood 0.2mm Polyethylene vapour barrier Plywood mechanically fixed to the slab figure K3. Parquet on slab Source: Timber Quensland
figure K2. Parquet detail Source: Timber Quensland
The parquet has tongue and groove joint. The same way of laying parquet applies on the second floor, where the parquet is nailed to the plywood figure K6. Skirting
figure K4. Bathroom tile Source: Realestate.com.au
Mortar is laid above plywood and backerboard to bond the tiles.
figure K5. Tiles detail Source: thisoldhouse.com
Backerboard is a thin sheet of concrete with fiberglass mesh on its sides and is used under the tile to provide a firm and even surface.
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Ceiling and Wall Lining Both ceiling and wall use plasterboard. Plasterboard is made by sandwiching a layer of calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum) plaster between two thick sheets of paper. (Build.com) Plasterboard
Joining the ceiling and wall board by using Cornice.
figure K7. Ceiling Finishes
figure K8. Plasterboard on wall
Bottom chord of roof truss or bottom flange of posi joist.
Plasterboards are fixed to joist or bottom chord of roof truss by screw or nail
Top wall plate
figure K9. Anatomy of ceiling. Source: USG Boral
Plasterboard are fixed to the studs and wall plates by nails or screw. More details about fixing and installing plasterboard are found in different company's product guide and also AS2589 &AS2588
Waterproof membrane, weather protection and acoustic insulation behind
Certain parts of the plasterboard are drilled for powerpoint, switch, downlights, smoke alarm and other appliances.
figure K10. Anatomy of plaster wall Source: Knauf
Joist Top plate
figure K12. Powerpoint
figure K11. Cornice detail Source: Knauf 26
Plasterboard on wet area Plastering on wet areas is more complex. We should consider preventing water damaging the plasterboard. Therefore, we need flashing or skirting or waterproof membrane to prevent water touching the plasterboard. Any render, painting or tiling especially on bathroom was applied after the waterproof membrane
Waterproof membrane
figure K13. Special treatment on wet area
Finishing Plasterboard The installed plasterboard are then coated by joint compound in 3 stepsBedding coat, second coat, and finish coat. The purpose is to close any gap between panels (Knauf).
figure K15. Applying joint compound when coating Source: Miller-Freck (FEMA photo library)
figure K14. Joint compound Source: Bunnings
Painting Walls and ceilings require primer and 2 coats of top coat (water based, oil based products) to enhance adhesion and durability of paint on the surface. (Martel, 2017)
figure K16. Paint Source: Dulux
figure K17. Sample VOC table Source: Environmental Leader
VOCs are substances that are released into the air as the paint dries. High VOCs could bring harm including headaches and dizziness. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, some VOCs are suspected carcinogens. (Consumerreports.org) Therefore, VOC is important when selecting paint 27
External Cladding 1. Upper floor Polystyrene panels or styroboards or Orange board are used for external cladding of the upper level. The reason mainly is because the lightweightness and claimed to be more thermally efficient than that of standard brick veneer. (Nutex.com) The styroboards are then rendered We can see bulk insulation behind the styrofoam figure 18. Styroboard on site
figure K19. Styroboard as external cladding
figure K20. Orange board detail Source: Rmax
2. Ground Floor
figure K22. Rendered brick veneer
Untidy mortar joint has been repaired
figure K21. Orange board detail Source: Rmax
Others
figure K23. Water sprinkle
figure K24. Gravels
As this project is freshly done, the scaffolding has not been dismounted
Downpipe Rendered in black
3 mailboxes for 3 units Site has been cleaned from waste and mess. Concrete pathway and grass are done
Proper fence is erected
figure K25. 114 Rennie st, Coburg, VIC, 3058 28
A01 L
SERVICES TITLE
Besides having a decent construction process that results in a strong structure, installing services is equally important. Services functions like blood to provide amenities for the house. Two most common tradesman involved in installing services is electrician and plumber. Electrician is responsible for all electrical wiring and fittings, but also likely to install internal communication, telephones, television, smoke alarm, etc. Plumber is responsible to install sewer and stormwater drains, water connection, gas system and septic disposal system. Electricity Switchboard as the main power control of the house. It was installed earlier during site preparation and then embedded to the brickwall.
figure L1. switchboard
Cables and Wirings are fitted inside the orange tube. The color differs in accordance to AS2700. For example, orange for electricity, red for fire services, etc. They basically bring electricity from the power station to the appliances and power point.
figure L2. Wire
Plumbing Rough-in PVC pipes are installed during site preparation
Pipes, Cables and Wirings are fitted around the timber frame.
figure L4. Cables around the wall frame
figure L3. Rough-in pipes
Like mentioned before, pipes, cables and wires also run through the gap provided by posi-strut joist.
Brass pipe fitting to join pipes or tubes, especially at places where pipes need to be bent. figure L5. pipes in between joists
figure L6. Pipe fitting
Example of serviced intersection
Pipe clips to keep the services organised and neat
figure L7. Pipe joint
figure L8. Clamp 29
A01 M
TITLE COMPLETION
figure M1. Completed house at 114 Rennie st, Coburg, VIC, 3058
When the project is done, the house should be issued an occupancy permit or certificate of final inspection. Occupancy permit is issued generally for new buildings to ensure it is occupiable fromm safety point of view. While final inspection is done to extensions or alterations to existing homes, as well as sheds and garages when all the work has been carried out. It is issued by the same building surveyor that issues the building permit Whether the house need occupancy permit or certificate of final inspection is stated on the building permit. After other administration and contract has been signed, the house is ready to be occupied.
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References Ching, F 2014, Building construction illustrated, Wiley, New Jersey. Consumerreports.org dlsweb.rmit.edu.au Gyprock, Residential installation guide including wet area systems, http://www.gyprock.com.au/Documents/ GYPROCK-547-Residential_Installation_Guide-201111.pdf Harris, MC, 2005, Dictionary of architecture and construction, McGraw-Hill Education, New York. Knauf, 2013, Plasterboard installation: Residential buildings, http://www.knaufplasterboard.com.au/uploads/resource-documents/KNAUF_PLASTERBOARD_INSTALLATION_GUIDE_APR_2013.pdf Mertel, A 2017, Internal finishes, PowerPoint presentation, ABPL20042: Construction of Residential Building, The University of Melbourne. Available from: http://www.lms.unimelb.edu.au
Martel, A 2017, Stairs and windows, PowerPoint presentation, ABPL20042: Construction of Residential Building, The University of Melbourne. Available from: http://www.lms.unimelb.edu.au MiTek, 2007, Guidelines for the design fixing & bracingof Posi-strut floor & roof system. http://www.engtruss.com.au/floor.pdf. Standards Australia 2011, Residential slabs and footings, AS 2870-2011. Standards Australia 2010, Residential timber-framed construction, AS 1684.2-2010. Standards Australia 2016, Gypsum plasterboard, AS 2588-2016. Wilkie, G 2014, Building your own home, New Hollan Publisher, Sydney. Victorian building authority, http://www.vba.vic.gov.au/.
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