Urban Conveyance by Andre Medina

Urban Conveyance

Andre Medina

Thesis 2016

Urban Conveyance

A Thesis Presented to the Undergraduate Faculty of Newschool of Architecture and Design

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Desgree of Bachelor of Architecture

by Andre Medina June 2016

Abstract

Todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Airports are meant to be approached by vehicles primarily, that it eliminates any other means of transportation options. In this new technological age we realized that we have been consuming a vast amount of natural resources on personal use. coming to the conclusion that something has to change with our ways in energy consumption, we have established a new law, this new law states that all buildings should be net zero or at least very close to it by the year 2030. This Thesis relies on different philosophies, sciences, and sustainable design that will promote a new exciting and enjoyable experience as you approach and explore within an airport environment.

III 3

Urban Conveyance

A Thesis Presented to the Undergraduate Faculty of Newschool of Architecture and Design

by Andre Medina

Approved by

Undergraduate Chair:

Leanard Zegarski

Date

Studio Instructor

Dan Manlongat

Date

Dedicated to all current and future Adventurers, may you experience the beauty that is our world.

5 V

Introduction 1

Problem Statement

Critical Position

Thesis Statement

Thesis Essay 1

Rational for Study

Scope of Study

Summary of Study

Research Methods

Contents

CAse Studies

Programming

Perceptual Criteria

Contextual Analysis

Results/ Design Prototype 1

Summation of AR502

Process

Initial Schematic design

Feedback/ Evaluation

Conclusion 1

Summation of AR502

Process

FeedBack/ Evaluation

Statement of learning

Appendices 1

Work Cited

List of Images

List of Figures

Acknowledgements

Introduction Problem Statement Critical Position Thesis Statement Img 001: Downtown San Diego

Introduction

Have you ever found yourself in a new city, whether you just moved to it or as a tourist and found their methods of getting around diicult to comprehend? As a person that is always making a way for traveling to new places in the globe, I have encountered new cultures alongside new forms of communication. Either by language, body movement, or by emotional reactions, every place in the world has their method of communicating. he thing that all these places and the whole globe have in common is communication, without the act of communication people can never get their thoughts through other people and nothing in the world would be either comprehended and task would seem impossible to complete. Communication is what gets us to places in our lives whether it is a location, place in our lives, or a rank within our career.

Problem

he automotive industry has immersed themselves in every aspect of peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s lives to the point that you can see that they have penetrated every level of infrastructure in city planning. hus creating a problem with energy consumption, whether we are driving to work every day or traveling to other places, everything has been made vehicle friendly. You can see this problem in many areas especially within an airport location. Airports in the United States have been made only for automotive approaches and departures and the simple pedestrian accessibility has been eliminated from the equation.

Critical Position

Airports need to be more accessible by many diferent forms of transportation not just the typical automotive approach. he airport should be located on a site where the airport itself cannot disrupt any of its surrounding land. An airport should be able to expand as the city is growing as well in order to keep up with its traveling transportation.

Thesis Statement

San Diego International Airport has an enormous amount of clutter that gets built up within the area. here is no solution to this stress of low of the traic, whether itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s airborne or ground traic the clusters of immense congestion get built up speciically within that area. he land near the airport has been invaded by a lood of asphalt that has created an ocean of parking lots, which creates a large obstruction to view the body of water. All of the pathways that lead to the airport get so much vehicular traic that it reduces the enjoyable ride from the airport to the city center or the other way around. he aircrat traic within the airport is also increasing do to the large tourist populations and corporate activity that are coming to explore the city. his thesis will explore diferent options in manipulating circulation to the point where it doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t seem like it is going to create a giant congested area.

Rationale Scope of Study Summary of Study

Img 002: San Diego cityscape

Img 003: Landing in San Diego 16

Rationale

When proposing a thesis study of an airport, the main goal is to explore every level of design, eiciency, programming, context strategies, and the character the project is going to take up. All these factors are going to take major contribution on taking part of the whole airport experience. he site chosen for this project has to have the potential of providing: multiple points of access, noise has to be isolated to itself and away from the city, reduce the amount of vehicular traic from freeways that lead up to the airport, and inally the site has to be large enough to expand in the future.

Scope of Study

his hesis is comprised of two phases in approaching research to aid the perception of this project. he irst phase is focused on the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Airport Experienceâ&#x20AC;?, and what that means to in regards to the performance and the behavioral response to the environment of the airport design. he second phase of this thesis project is location options and why this project is suitable for its chosen location.

Creating the Experience

he “Airport Experience” is stimulated by our senses, but how to trigger this “Experience” in architectural action is all comprised of how a space is perceived by the user. Experiences occur diferently according to building typology, since an airport is a building type which is strongly focused on program, experiences have to occur in planned out locations. In the end this experience is catalyzed by a series of situations that cannot be controlled by the physical environment and becomes psychological. Yet the setting is a stage in which the can have a positive or negative impact on the “movement” of the user. he airport environment can also provide a sense of “sound” that can help people navigate through the openness that is the airport. his experience should also represent a sort of “strength” that is created by a mass of people that come together and at some point creating a temporary community before it gets moved across the globe.

Choosing a location

Airports have been typically made to be on the outskirts of a city in order to not disrupt any of the existing programs. Why San Diego as a base for a research based argument, San Diego is on the brink of moving forward with new laws and rules that are going to encourage sustainable and energy eicient designs that carry through into a lifestyle. he city is expanding and there is need for new development and means of transporting more people in and out of the city. his new airport has to be revamped and equipped to the point where it can expand as the city is expanding and be up to date with these new laws. Miramar has a massive land ill that can be repurposed to it the needs of this type of airport, with the new means of public transportation leading up to this site this can create an easier access arriving and departing this airport.

Summary of Study

he research that has been conducted to this point has been very crucial to this project because it has shed some light with the issues of the current San Diego airport. Not only did it expose the laws of the current airport but it has shown some potential opportunities to enrich the project itself. By giving the opportunity to choose a diferent site location and explore with the conceptualization of the project when discovering elements that bring this airport together.

Case Studies Programming Perceptual Criteria Context Analysis Img 004: Boeing 787

Case Studies

he irst task to achieve to fully understand components of an airport was to observe and analyze past examples of airports or other elements that play major contribution to the function of an airport. Criteria for these studies would need to range in location, means of transportation, air traic, runway design and complete successful airports. hese cases are meant to be from a global scale in order to help solve local issues with the current airport of San Diego. In this current times a small portion of airports demonstrate a full understanding with their complexity and the contemplation of bringing an upliting experience for the user.

Beijing Airport Location: Beijing, China Architect: Norman Foster Date of Completion: 2008 Total Gross Size: 1.3 million square meters Population: 50 Million passengers annually Number of Terminals: 3 Summary: Beijing international terminal is the Worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s largest and most advanced airport building not only technologically, but also in terms of passenger experience, operational eiciency and sustainability. Norman Foster was in charge of designing the last piece of the terminal extension that was previously there.(FosterandPArtners.com)

Img 005: Beijing Airport

Opinion: In my opinion the design is really straight forward. he terminals all line up evenly on both sides which should make it easier for passengers locate their gate. Another point of interest based on this design the low of traic is controlled do to the form of entry to the airport and having a direct access to a monorail system is very essential in getting to the city center. 25

Review: he airport has a good layout for circulation and the ability to guide traic in and out of the airport is very crucial to the design. Whether its automotive traic or aircrat traic this airport has the design to be more eicient. he disadvantage of the airport is that it has not enough placements for signage and people get lost within the airport. he design within the airport that it creates enormous spaces that creates an essence of emptiness.

Img 006: Airport floor plans

Impact: he impact that this airport with its design it has allowed the low of traic increase and allow more lights to be directed through this airport. he access to the airport has been made more easier by allowing diferent means of transportation allowed into the airport and the way the airport was formed to allows the traic of car come into the airport with ease.

Madrid Airport Location: Madrid, Spain Architect: Richard Rogers Date of Completion: 2005 Total Gross Size: 1.3 million square meters Population: 50 Million passengers annually Number of Terminals: 3 Opinion: Terminal 3 is the newest addition, built for the 2008 Olympics. It remains a modern and clean facility handling international traic. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s really massive and feels oddly empty, which is such a diference from the bustling crowds of the city. here are plenty of stores to browse and a ton of open space to wander. Wi-Fi is available, but you need a local phone or you have to ind one of those info desk. he quiet is a peaceful way to start your travels

Fig 001: Madrid Airport Terminal1

Summary: he terminal, which is the biggest in Spain, was commissioned to enable Barajas International Airport to compete with major hub airports within Europe. he core building comprises a sequence of parallel spaces separated by a linear block allowing daylight to penetrate deep into the interior. he bamboo linear roof structure is connected above by a chain of roof lights, permitting maximum lexibility in the arrangement of accommodation on each of the loors. his enables the building to be expanded in phases. he new terminal has a metro, rail station and land side transit link to the existing terminals as well as a transit system linking the core terminal with the satellite. When terminal 4 was constructed in 2005 two more runways were also built in order 27 to withstand the airlow.

Review: he disadvantage of this airport is the long walking times that you have to do before reaching the proper gates, there is no way of knowing what section of terminal 4 you must be in to catch the proper light. But the advantage of the airport is that it creates a large open linear place in which it is almost impossible to get lost within the structure.

Img 007: Madrid airport interior t4

Impact: he construction of terminal 4 has created a huge impact in the air travel for Spain. It has boosted this airport as the 6th busiest airport in Europe. From the year of 2001, 34 million passengers have occupied this airport, but since the construction of this terminal it has nearly doubled the annual capacity.

Copenhagen Airport Location: Architect: Date of Completion: Population: Number of Terminals:

Copenhagen, Denmark Vilhelm Lauritzen AS August 1998 24 Million passengers annually 3 Summary: his Airport is the largest in the Scandinavian region, located 5 miles south of the Copenhagen city Centre on an island called Amager. It has 3 terminals the irst one was built before World War II and the other two constructed in 1998 to accommodate the amount of passengers that is currently increasing exponentially. he overall design of Terminal 3 was inspired by an aircrat wing and consists of two double, curved triangles on either side of a ribbon skylight that runs the length of the building. he airport was able to expand freely due to the fact that not that many buildings in the way of construction. (www.CPH.DK)

Img 008: Copenhagen Airport

Opinion: I this airport was very well planned out for the expansions that it has made throughout the years. he circulation to enter and leave the airport is really straight forward that there is no reason to get lost within the building. he fact that people have artwork within the terminals gives the airport of a personal touch. I did get lost the irst time arriving at this airport I had to ask for directions out of the airport and into the city. 29

Review: he advantagesof this airport is the location, this airport is on the southern part of the city which does not interfere with the growth and make a lot of noise pollution. To access the airport there is a series of metro trains and buses that take you directly to the city center, which minimizes the automotive traic. he disadvantages about this airport is that the terminals are not are two diferent extremities which can create chaos when people have a gate change and they have to make it to the other gates. Also when arriving to the airport you have to mobilize quickly due to the fact that the international lights are in terminal 2 and it takes a while to reach that terminal to get through security.

Img 008: Copenhagen Departure lounge

Impact: he impact that this airport has is due to its location, not only has the airport had the freedom to expand but the city itself has grown immensily. this airport has become one of the most succesful airport in the scandinavian Region.

San Diego Airport Location: Architect: Date of Completion: Population: Number of Terminals:

San Diefo, California USA HNTB arcitects for terminal 2 1948 20 Million passengers anually 2

Img 009: City of San Diego

Opinion: his airport was planned out as a military base at irst, so when the wanted an international airport the city just reused the air ield. What they should have done is relocate the airport before the city expanded in all directions. But in my full opinion, I believe the airport should be relocated. his will allow the airport to be much larger and open for any future expansions, but this will also allow the city of San Diego to grow more and expand as well.

Summary: his Airport used to be only for military use only; during the time of world war two the runway of the airport was expanded in order to be more suitable for the aircrat bombers. Little did they know that they prepared the runway for the future jet airlines even before they existed? he airport can only operate on a strong reinforced curfew of 6:30am to 11:30pm or else would be ine in high amount. Due to its current location it is highly restricted whether its expansions or light times. Over the course of the years San Diegoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Airport has been proposed to be relocated to a diferent site due to the lack of expansion and Noise Issues that the airport has created in the surrounding neighborhoods. Also the traic that it is creating within the airport area is chaotic it has too much clutter and no form of releasing any of stress from all the congestion.

Review: he location that the current San Diego Airport is situated on is very restricted area whether it is due to the noise or the site which doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t allow expanding in any direction. Since the airport is located within the downtown area it is limiting all the surrounding buildings and construction sites that are near the airport, by putting a height restriction on all the buildings in the area.

Img 010: San Diego Airport Terminal 2

Impact: he impact that this airport would have if it relocates can create a vast amount of job openings and can help the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s economy increase. the airport can provide more services for larger planes that can provide nonstop lights to more international locations. Many new people can come explore the city of San Diego which can lead to more tourism to this international city. 32

Vehicles in airports

Img 011: San Diego traffic via 163

Opinion: I think that if public transportation would not take so long in taking people to their destinations more people would occupy public transports. I believe that if the travel time was reduced in public transportation and ofered more stops people will take the public transports ofered in the city.

Summary: hree of the ten worst automotive traic cities are located in California. he two cities are Los Angeles, San Francisco, and San Jose. hese are large cities with major international airports that have lights all over the world. he main cause of traic is the fact that only 6% of the population uses public transportation to get to a destination. For example the 405 freeway is traic jam afected area especially in the area near the airport, both north bound and south bound get afected for as long as eight miles. his stretch of freeway is supposed to take ten minutes of travel but instead takes about twenty four minutes travel time. here is a study that proves that automotive traic causes a lot of stress on a personâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s mind and are most likely to get into a traic accident. Traic is noted to occur during rush hour, which is the times when people go in and out of work.

Review: he causes of these congested traic locations are due to lack of planning and the facts that most of the US population would much rather drive to work instead of taking public transportation. About nine percent of the entire population uses public transportation and the rest drive to their destinations.

Img 012: San Diego transit

Impact: he impact that this will have on society is that people will take public transportation more oten than driving. if we can inluence people just like they did in Copenhagen more people will not only be healthier but live much happier lives.

Programming

Quantity 40 40 10 10 10 10 40 20 10 10 50 15 20 10 15

spaces people people sf net passenger check-in 100 300 Departure lounge 100 300 transfer lounge 300 900 transit lounge 60 180 Arrivals lounge 200 600 Baggage claim 400 1200 passenger loading bridges 200 600 offices and services 20 60 passenger screening 500 1500 holdrooms 80 240 Concessions 50 150 Passenger Amenities 50 150 International Arrivals Facilitiesâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;Federal Inspection Services 300 900 Public Spaces 100 300 Checked Baggage Screening 50 150

Total

BE 640 710 3580 2300 880 2080 600 200 2500 700 690 790 110 320 2050

0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

gsf Total SF 3200 128000 3550 142000 17900 179000 11500 115000 4400 44000 10400 104000 1200 48000 400 8000 6250 62500 2333 23330 1725 86250 2633 39495 366 7320 1600 16000 10250 153750 1156645

he program for the San Diego airport is composed of many complex spaces, whether by public or private areas and large spaces that includes smaller spaces within the large space itself. he program for this proposal is a general program of the main spaces that are currently used in the present San Diego airport with a new layout that provides eiciency and accessible to the users. he special layout will be divided by exterior spaces (Pedestrian movement, Vehicular circulation, and Parking) and also interior spaces such as check in, Immigration control, Departure lounges, gate lounges, and etc. 35

Programming Diagram passenger check-in 2 Departure lounge 3 transfer lounge 4 transit lounge 5 Arrivals lounge 6 Baggage claim 7 Airside corridor 8 passenger loading 9 bridges 10 offices and services 11Ticket/check-in lobby 12 passenger screening 13 holdrooms 14Concessions 15 Passenger Amenities 1

16International

Not Adjacent Adjacent Always Adjacent 36

Arrivals Facilities

Public Spaces 18Airline Areas 19Checked Baggage 20Screening 17

Fig 002: Programming Matrix

Experience Storyboard

he very program of an airport has a story behind each space; spaces within an airport have to go in a very speciic sequence. If the spaces are not in order the full experience of an airport would not exist and would become an arbitrary building with spaces arranged in random locations. he diference that is happening in this airport is that it is attached to a massive circulation hub that coexists with the airport itself. he story of a traditional airport changes, in the beginning as you are “arrive” to the airport you must pass through this hub. Just like the beginning of the airport experience, the end also changes as “leave” the airport if you are coming into lying in.

Security check-in

Main Lobby Threshold (boarding) amusement(gifts/ food)

Departure (exterior)

Check-in

leaving experience

Entrance

Arrival(exterior)

Arrival

Baggage Claim

arriving experience

interior

Threshold between new comers and the outside

Departure/ Gates

Commercial/ Amenities

connection to planes

Passport Control

Fig 003: The Airport Experience

Program Sequence

Arrivals +20’

Departure 0’

he programing of the airport’s main building (transit hub) is comprised of three layers of circulation. the irst layer of the Terminal is made to be approached by a personal vehicle or taxi since this part of the building is working with the freeway ity two it is an easier approach. he second layer of this terminal is restricted to only public transportation and has the full lexibility to move in any direction within that area. he last and top layer is made for the people that are arriving to the city of San Diego and are allowed easy access to the other layers and the option to choose their means of

Arrivals +1 Public area Private area

Departures 0

Departure -20’ 38

Fig 004: Levels of Access

Public area Private area

Departures -1 Public area Private area

Perceptual Criteria

he vast landill that is located south MCAS Miramar provides a large enough site that can be transformed into a full scale airportâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s At this colossal scale the airport makes its presence known and provides a feeling that every San Diegan shares in common â&#x20AC;&#x153;he Waveâ&#x20AC;? which is combination of emotions backed up by the way they move, sound they encounter, and the strength they have as a unity. At the same time be complimentary with the site to the point where the project does not seem to overwhelm the site and its surroundings. his allows for a new approach to the site that is easier to access by car and a larger option in public transportation.

Img 013: MCAS Miramar

Contextual Analysis

Building an Airport for the City of San Diego in the landill of Miramar has some issues that need to be faced in order to fully understand the site. his site is in a district that is adjacent to a current airport that is for military purposes and commercial areas that are located just south of the site. his site was chosen based on set criteria that would beneit the city of San Diego as a whole and the local areas by this project. Due to its large amounts of vehicular traic that gets built up around the current San Diego airport the new site is located and retroitted to hand the large amount of traic that will be arriving this location. San Diego is a vast touristic city that is always expanding and making way for new opportunities and just like San Diegoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Ideas, this location will able to help in promoting the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s ideas.

Site Selection

When choosing the project typography a site must be chosen, the site does not need to ready to function for an airport from the start. It has to have potential opportunities to its site that can be exposed with the airport and provide beneits to the local ecology. he irst site chosen to be examined was the current San Diego airport. Ater some research and analysis to the site, the conclusion was clear the airport needs to change location due to all the current restriction it has. he current airport is restricted to light curfews, noise control and height restriction to the cities buildings. he second Location to analyze was a current but smaller airport called Montgomery ield. his airport lacked the size of land to create and airport to the international scale.

Fig 005: Site Selection

he last site that was examined was a landill that is south of the MCAS Miramar. his site had enough land that is not being used properly and can be repurposed to create an airport of that magnitude. his location is at a range where the noise created of this airport will not afect residential areas; the distance to the mid-city is not too far, while creating new opportunities for public transportation to be promoted. While creating new clients for the hotel sector in diferent location around the site this expands on the economic gains for the city.

Site Analysis

Fig 006: Chosen site location

With the inal selection of the site being the landill south of the MCAS Miramar the site had to be analyzed very thoroughly. Research had to be made to igure out the circulation of the site and how it would be afected by adding an airport and how to come up with an opportunity to ease the traic low that all airports endure. he current airport in San Diego is limited by two points of access, this new site will allow having more that points of approach in which the form of transportation varies, this reduces vehicular traic while increasing the number of people going through this airport. he way the runways were directed are meant to be aligned to a direction in which it can beneit airplanes land and take of and not interfering with the adjacent airport. 43

Demographics

he demographics between the site and the city center of San Diego are listed below in order of urban to suburban in order to have an idea what the site is surrounded by. his allows us to know what direction plans should take of and land simultaneously.

Site Military Suburban Commercial Pre-Urban Urban 44

Fig 007: San Diego Demographics

Movement

he Idea of having a larger airport for the city of San Diego doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t only allow the city itself to grow but expand to farther reaches around the globe. By expanding the airport this movement will allow more people to transit in and out of the city of San Diego and onto other countries. his Diagram simpliies the idea of reaching around the world.

Fig 008: Global Movement (Origin San Diego)

Site

he inal site location was selected to be on a landill, which was allowed to repurpose the land. his site was large enough to design a two runway airport with two terminals and a main transportation hub that regulates vehicular traic and alleviates all the congestion build up during rush hour.

North Fig 009: Site Plan

Site movement

Fig 010: Site Freeway circulation

he sites ground movement was divided into two diferent categories to better illustrate how vehicles are going to approach this airport. he irst category is personal automotive circulation; there is currently four diferent freeways that lead up to this airport, he 805, 163, 15, and the 52 freeways all can be used as points of connection to this airport. Having these options to travel to the airport and the way the hub is retroitted to the 52 freeway should reduce the number of traic congestions. he second Category is the approach vie public transportation, busses can travel through the same routes as other vehicles but have an entire level that is privatized to public transportation only. On this level there will be two connections to the trolley that are routed to take any passenger through the city.

Fig 011: Public transportation circulation

he circulation of aircrats is crucial to this project; two runways were created in order to allow the increased number of airborne traic come in and out of the airport. he two runways are labeled as on for landing and another for takeof, that way they do not interfere with the neighboring airport which has a speciic runway direction. his will increase the low of airborne traic onto the airport.

Fig 012: Aircraft circulation

Take off Landing Fig 013: Runway order

Within the main hub the vehicular traic is divided into two diferent levels of circulation. he irst level which is the underground level is for personal vehicles and taxis only. his level is equipped with multiple travel lanes and three loading lanes that way traic can move more freely. he second level is the ground loor; this level is exclusively for public transportation only. Whether you approach the hub via bus the level is also itted to withstand a large number of busses transiting this hub, along with all the bus lanes there is two connections for the trolley. he trolley connects to the all the lanes which take you all over the city. Fig 014: Transit Layers

Site sound

he current airport is located in the downtown area of the city of San Diego. Having the airport in its current setting has some issues that afect many districts within city limits one of the main issue is noise that comes out of the airport. Most of the noise has been metered and published as sound contours having each wave represent ten decibel diference. hese graphs illustrate the distance and the intensity the sound is making throughout its location of the current San Diego airport. Fig 015: San Diego internation sound contours

his Diagram is Illustrates the noise levels within the area of the MCAS Miramar and how sound resonates to the surrounding land. he sound is able to spread out a bit more since the topography in this area is a bit more lat and there is no nearby high rises to suppress the sound.

Fig 016: MCAS Miramar Sound contours

Fig 017: Sound contour combination

his Diagram is a hypothesized sound contour simulation if the San Diego airport and MCAS are located adjacent to each other. his diagram is accounted for if the airplanes of both airports take of in the same direction (east), thus creating less noise towards La Jolla residential neighborhoods that are located to the west of the this location.

Ar502 Summary Design Process Initial Schematic Design Feedback/ evaluation Fig 019: South East Perspective

The Winter Quarter

To prepare for the initial stages of building design, the irst couple of weeks of AR502 was based on research investigate and show evidence for the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Whyâ&#x20AC;? factor behind this project. Whether itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s the reasoning for the site location, program development, or even the form generation of the building itself this was exposed within the collected data gathered from the research. he initial research commenced with the site visit and ater a close examination the outcome displayed what the site was deprived from and showed other weak points. Ater the site visit a solution would be constructed based in order to address the laws found in the data collected from the site analysis.

Conceptual Thinking

As the project progresses the building concept has to be developed as well, in order to give a meaning behind every design move made to create this airport. he more research I came across in regards to airports, the more clearly the concept seems to appear. he idea of a wave was brought up by the research for this project, since this project mostly focused on a circulation based program, the metaphor of a â&#x20AC;&#x153;Waveâ&#x20AC;? makes perfect sense. A wave is comprised of three things in order to consider a wave, there has to be a surge of movement, the movement has to create some sort of sound, and inally the wave has to be powerful with a great strength. hese features can be seen within the building, from the design, the program, and the circulation in and out of the building. he idea of the wave has to be carried on through the entire project and the idea should be acknowledged when explaining the building from beginning to end.

Design Process

he Design process is not only based of the concept chosen to represent this building but it is also inluenced by the forces impacting the site. Some of the main factors that took part of in the building form were the form of the sound wave emitted from the site and the freeways that connect to this site. While creating a look as if it was a wave by exposing all of its complimentary components which implement the concept(Strength, Sound, and Movement).

Img 014: Concept Movement Img 015: Concept Strength

Img 016: Concept Sound

Fig 020: site Forces create Form

he Elements from the site analysis provide a vast amount of data to produce diagrams. Components from these diagrams are gathered together to invent a form that can coexist with all of the parts of these forms of analysis.

Process

he Design process is not only based of the concept chosen to represent this building but it is also inluenced by the forces impacting the site. Some of the main factors that took part of in the building form were the form of the sound wave emitted from the site and the freeways that connect to this site. While creating the look as of a wave for an aesthetic approach the program managed to also by expose all of its complimentary components (Strength, Sound, and Movement).

Form Development

he form starts to take place as you emphasize more on the diagram results and start to shit and break the form in order to keep the idea of the concept incorporated within the building design.

Fig 021: Building form development

Fig 022: Initial Master Plan

An initial master plan was created for the site and the form development in order to start getting an idea of the scale of the project. his allows inding out the opportunities with the program, site, and the form. Shortly ater the form was fully inalized and itted onto the site where it complements the neighboring demographics, more analysis is performed to expose weaknesses and opportunities.

Fig 023: Finalized Form

Final Presentation Zoning Map:

Thesis Statement:

Terminal Planning

One of the many problems that I have with the San Diego International Airport is the enormous amount of clutter that gets built up within the area. There is no solution to this stress of flow of the traffic, whether itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s airborne or ground traffic the clusters of immense congestion get built up specifically within that area. The land near the airport has been invaded by a flood of asphalt that has created an ocean of parking lots, which creates a large obstruction to view the body of water. All of the pathways that lead to the airport get so much automobile traffic that it reduces the enjoyable ride from the airport to the city center or the other way around. The aircraft traffic within the airport is also increasing do to the large tourist populations and corporate activity that are coming to explore the city.

Curbside

Arrival

Landside

Departures

Domestic

Airside

International

Departures

Arrivals

Gates

Arrivals

Curb

Curbside

Baggage

Allocation

Check-in

Claim

Transit

Curbside

Inbound

Passenger

Baggage

Waiting

Allocation

Baggage

Screening

Claim

Greeter Lobbies

Check-in

Baggage

CBP Primary

Holdrooms

CBP

Screening

Secondary

Baggage

Inbound

Make Up

Baggage

Proposed Site LandFill Commercial Residential Military Goodbye

Lobbies

Greeter Lobbies

Functional Area Grouping Common space

Baggage Recheck

Queuing modeling Passenger

Derived by applying factors

Quantity 40 40 10 10 10 10 40 20 10 10 50 15 20 10 15

Screening

spaces pe passenger check-in Departure lounge transfer lounge transit lounge Arrivals lounge Baggage claim passenger loading bridges offices and services passenger screening holdrooms Concessions Passenger Amenities International Arrivals Facilitiesâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;Federal Inspection Services Public Spaces Checked Baggage Screening

Total

The Proposed site is located in Miramar on the Current LandFill just South of the Military air base. This site gives more advantages to the city of San Diego in many aspects, such as noise reduction, space to expand, ease of access, and an easy exit from the site.

Terminal Direct freew

Fig 024: Final Presentation Winter 2016

Circulation Diagram

Airport circul light r

Sound within the Site

Form Development

passenger check-in 2 Departure lounge 3 transfer lounge 4 transit lounge 5 Arrivals lounge 6 Baggage claim 7 Airside corridor 8 passenger loading 9 bridges 10 offices and services 11Ticket/check-in lobby 12 passenger screening 13 holdrooms 14Concessions 15 Passenger Amenities 1

16International

Arrivals Facilities

Public Spaces 18Airline Areas 19Checked Baggage 20Screening 17

Not Adjacent Adjacent Always Adjacent

people 100 100 300 60 200 400 200 20 500 80 50 50 300 100 50

ices

people sf net 300 300 900 180 600 1200 600 60 1500 240 150 150 900 300 150

BE 640 710 3580 2300 880 2080 600 200 2500 700 690 790 110 320 2050

0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

gsf Total 3200 128000 3550 142000 17900 179000 11500 115000 4400 44000 10400 104000 1200 48000 400 8000 6250 62500 2333 23330 1725 86250 2633 39495 366 7320 1600 16000 10250 153750 1156645

Terminal Direct freeway Airport circulation light rail

Transit layout:

Feedback/ Evaluation

Img 017: Final Pin-up winter 2016 65

Summary of Ar503 Articulation of Process Feedback/ Evaluations Final Presentation

Statement of Learning Fig 025: Flight into San Diego International

The Final Quarter

he Final presentation from the previous quarter brought up some suggestions in regards to the main transportation hub that is being created as part of this airport. What got brought to mind was the idea of having this hub is the primary source of arrival and departure for this airport. his feedback allowed me to go back and redeine the project and focus on the main factor of this proposal and focus all of the conceptual studies and site inluences that are being handled to low with the project.

he form generation process took place during this phase of design and was accomplished through diagramming, sketching, and study model making. he next step in this process is to locate the program within this form and inalize it into a loor plan that will correlate with the form in perfect synchronization. Ater the inal presentation, the jurors made it clear that the experience of the city should start at the airport and they should not stop feeling San Diego in their journey into the city.

Fig 026: Final Site plan

Site Plan

he site remained the same since the ending of the research phase, the landill south of MCAS, was the most suitable location for a project of this scale. he location allowed for multiple forms of entry and gave opportunities to regulate vehicular transit without it creating massing ground traic. his site allow for public transportation to have more freedom with the circulation.

Materiality

he materiality for this airport is a combination of steel, concrete and some wood used to a certain extent. he structure and most of the walls were created with concrete in order to meet the structural needs and the long spans for the large open spaces. Light gauge steel was used to all the framing for all the exterior walls or windows. Southern facade has a various amount of glazing but is covered by the roof that over hangs in order to prevent heat gain within the building.

Fig 027: South Exterior Elevation 72

0’

100’

200’

Fig 028: East Exterior Elevation 74

0’

100’

200’

Floor plans

he underground loor plan is located 20 feet under ground and it is located on the 52 freeway and the of ramp for convoy ave. in which the ramps from both directions of the freeway have been retro itted with terminals in order to keep the low of traic continues without it creating a large congestion, and multiple drop of points. his layout provides two access pionts to enter the airport, which are only access via personal vehicle.

Fig 029: Underground Floor Plan

0’

100’

200’

he irst loor plan is at a ground level and is restricted to only public transporatiion. this loor plan does not only have access for busses but it has two connections to the trolley and if can take you anywhere in the city. his loor has a larger section to chek in the airport and all of the security is located on this loor.

Fig 030: First Floor Plan

0’

100’

200’

he second loor plan is made for arrivals only and it is comprised of both regional and international pasengers in this area. he top loor has a program that is welcoming the arriving passenger to the airport and given the opportunity to choose they’re form of travel.

Fig 031: Second Floor Plan 78

0’

100’

200’

Structure

he structure of this building is a combination of concrete and reinforced steel which sustain massive amounts of weight while creating long spans. his particular structure is comprised of reinforced concrete double T beams, steel box columns, and open web beams.

Fig 032: Structural Plan

Fig 033: Structural Perspective

0’

200’

400’

Fig 034: Structural Perspective

Fig 035: Section A Perspective

Fig 036: Section A

0’

100’

200’

Sections

his section is cutting accross from east to west and the view produced is of both sides of the terminal working in joint efort.

his section is splitting the main hub in half and therefore the circulation of all three levels is exposed. showing the underground level for personal vehicles and the irst loor for dpublic transportation.

Fig 038: Section B

0’

100’

200’

Fig 037: Section B Perspective

Fig 039: Interior Perspective (The Hub)

Interior

he interior of this hub reveals that it is naturally light and has proper passive ventilation is occuring. he interior of this airport is meant to be circulated with ease that it does not require a vast amount of signage.

Fig 040: Interior Perspective (Arrival Lounge)

Img 018: Physical Site Model (1)

Img 019: Physical Site Model (2) 86

Img 020: Physical Site Model (3)

Fig 041: South East Perspective

Final Presentation

Img 021: presentation layout w/ Site Model 90

Second floor plan 1’ = 1/32”

Thesis Statement

The city of San Diego is vastly growing and the means of transporing people in and out to other countries is staying the same. The reason the airport is not expanding is due to its locaion. The problem with the San Diego Internaional Airport is the amount of cluter that gets built up within the area. There is no soluion to this stress of flow of traffic, whether it’s airborne or vehicular. The land near the airport has been invaded by a flood of asphalt that has created an ocean of parking lots, which obstructs the view of the ocean. The pathways that lead to the airport get so much traffic that reduces the enjoyable ride from the airport to the city center and vice versa. The aircrat traffic within the airport is also increasing due to the large tourist populaions and corporate acivity that are coming to the city.

Site Analysis Size of the Land Noise is Isolated to the ouskirts of SD

Structural Layout

Eliminates noise restricion Ability to ﬂy at any hour

Site Selection

Detail

Points of connection

city effects Proposed Site Proposed Site LandFill

First floor plan 1’ = 1/32”

Commercial

Site Sound Combination passenger check-in Departure lounge transfer lounge transit lounge 5 Arrivals lounge 6 Baggage claim 7 Airside corridor 8 passenger loading 9 bridges 10 offices and services 11 Ticket/check-in lobby 12 passenger screening 13 holdrooms 14 Concessions 15 Passenger Amenities

Residential Military

1 2 3 4

16International

Arrivals Facilities

Public Spaces 18Airline Areas 19Checked Baggage 20Screening 17

Not Adjacent Adjacent Always Adjacent

Zoning Map: Quantity 40 40 10 10 10 10 40 20 10 10 50 15 20 10 15

spaces people people sf net passenger check-in 100 300 Departure lounge 100 300 transfer lounge 300 900 transit lounge 60 180 Arrivals lounge 200 600 Baggage claim 400 1200 passenger loading bridges 200 600 offices and services 20 60 passenger screening 500 1500 holdrooms 80 240 Concessions 50 150 Passenger Amenities 50 150 International Arrivals Facilities—Federal Inspection Services 300 900 Public Spaces 100 300 Checked Baggage Screening 50 150

BE 640 710 3580 2300 880 2080 600 200 2500 700 690 790 110 320 2050

gsf Total 0.2 3200 128000 0.2 3550 142000 0.2 17900 179000 0.2 11500 115000 0.2 4400 44000 0.2 10400 104000 0.5 1200 48000 0.5 400 8000 0.4 6250 62500 0.3 2333 23330 0.4 1725 86250 0.3 2633 39495 0.3 366 7320 0.2 1600 16000 0.2 10250 153750

Total

Movement

1156645

Sound

Strength

A Wave is: a swell, surge, or rush, as of feeling or of a certain condiion:

Underground floor plan 1’ = 1/32”

South Exterior elevations 1’ = 1/32”

Section 1 1’ = 1/32”

East Exterior elevations 1’ = 1/32”

Section 2 1’ = 1/32”

Fig 042: Final Presentation Layout 91

Statement of learning

he main goals required to complete the thesis year were met, throught the development of solutions to the questions asked at the beggining. I realised that an airport has an endless possibilities with the program and that it can always change according to the current demographics. Airports are always changing to it the needs of the user and this research helped me prepare this project for future times. Times that are going to require means of expansion.

Work Cited

List of images list of figures acknowledgements

Img 022: Site Model

Work cited

Airport Design and Engineering Standards. (n.d.). Retrieved June 17, 2016, from http://www.faa.gov/airports/engineering/design_standards/ Trolley. (2015). Retrieved June 17, 2016, from http://www.sdmts.com/schedules-real-time-maps-and-routes/trolley For San Diego Businesses, the Sky Is Whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Limiting - Voice of San Diego. (2014, September 23). Retrieved June 17, 2016, from http://www.voiceofsandiego.org/topics/economy/for-san-diego-businesses-the-sky-is-whats-limiting Cracking the Airport Market. (n.d.). Retrieved June 17, 2016, from http://www.autorentalnews.com/channel/rental-operations/ article/story/2007/05/cracking-the-airport-market.aspx Lubin, L. G. (2011, March 30). he 10 Best Airports In he World. Retrieved June 17, 2016, from http://www.businessinsider. com/best-airports-in-the-world-2011-3 Table 1-9: Characteristics of Directly Operated Rail Transit in California: 2000 | Bureau of Transportation Statistics. (n.d.). Retrieved June 17, 2016, from http://www.rita.dot.gov/bts/sites/rita.dot.gov.bts/iles/publications/state_transportation_statistics/ california/html/table_01_09.html

List of Images

Img 001: https://www.google.com/San Diego Metro Img 002:httpsupload.wikimedia.orgwikipediacommonscc3San_Diego_Reflecting_Pond.jpg Img 003: http://christopherwitt.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/2871156541_940bfed74c_b.jpg Img 004: httpwallpaperswide.comboeing_787_aerial-wallpapers.html Img 005: http://www.600496.com/ProductFiles/20140410102023.jpg Img 006: http://www.fosterandpartners.com/projects/beijing-airport/ Img 007: http://www.tensinet.com/project_files/4200/1%20Facturador.jpg Img 008: http://www.carlhansen.com/media/837553/Copenhagen%20Airport%20from%20above.jpg Img 009: https://goodwillambassablog.files.wordpress.com/2011/08/sdia-overview.jpg Img 010: httpmcmahonsteel.comwpwp-contentuploads201301IMG_0082.jpg Img 011: httpjexh1kujdl2rjoqlfrvego6i.wpengine.netdna-cdn.comwp-contentuploads201506SR163-closure.jpg Img 012: httpwww.trafficschoolcritics.comwp-contentuploads201412San-Diego-Online-TrafficSchool-Reviews.jpg Img 013: httpmedia.defenceindustrydaily.comimagesGEOUSMC_Air_Station_Miramarlg.jpg Img 014: http://www.nimble.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/movement.jpg Img 015: http://www.strengtheory.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/iStock_000023934664_Medium41024x622.jpg Img 016: httpsopenclipart.orgimage2400pxsvg_to_png195966Soundwave-Dark.png Original Photography Img Img Img Img Img Img Img Img

008: 017: 018: 019: 020: 021: 022: 023:

Copenhagen Departure lounge Final Pin-up winter 2016 Physical Site Model (1) Physical Site Model (2) Physical Site Model (3) presentation layout w/ Site Model Site Model Spain Landing ( Origin San Diego) 97

List of Figures

Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig

001: 002: 003: 004: 005: 006: 007: 008: 009: 010: 011: 012: 013: 014: 015: 016: 017: 019: 020: 021: 022: 023:

Madrid Airport Terminal1 Programming Matrix The Airport Experience Levels of Access Site Selection Chosen site location San Diego Demographics Global Movement (Origin San Diego) Site Plan Site Freeway circulation Public transportation circulation Aircraft circulation Runway order Transit Layers San Diego internation sound contours MCAS Miramar Sound contours Sound contour combination South East Perspective site Forces create Form Building form development Initial Master Plan Finalized Form

Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig

024: 025: 026: 027: 028: 029: 030: 031: 032: 033: 034: 035: 036: 037: 038: 039: 040: 041: 042:

Final Presentation Winter 2016 Flight into San Diego International Final Site plan South Exterior Elevation East Exterior Elevation Underground Floor Plan First Floor Plan Second Floor Plan Structural Plan Structural Perspective Structural Perspective Section A Perspective Section A Section B Perspective Section B Interior Perspective (The Hub) Interior Perspective (Arrival Lounge) South East Perspective Final Presentation Layout

Acknowledgements

I would like to thank the people in my life that have been there for me to give me an extra push towards success in my career. I would like to thank my family for always supporting me in all of my career choices , sepcially my parents, I love you guys. Very special thanks to my instructor, Dan Manlongat, who guided me every step of the way and never stop encourging me to stive for more in this thesis. Finally, I would like to give thanks to my studio group, thank you for being supportive and the second family away from home during the tough times.

100

Img 023: Spain Landing ( Origin San Diego)