MANIFIESTO ADRIÁN ANDRÉS BELMONTE by Adrián

RE-READING STORIES OF HOUSES 3 Proyectos arquitectónicos 4 Grado en Arquitectura Universidad de Alicante Teacher: Javier Sánchez Merina Made by: Adrián Andrés Belmonte

1. Original story and drawings of the house chosen

- House in LĂ¨ge, Lacaton & Vassal -

2. Preselecting three houses and final choice. 3. Cultural elements -Photomontages 4. Retinitis pigmentosa. 5. Continuation of story. 5.. The drawing of the action. 6. Arguments and common reflections of the group. 7. Bibliography. 8. Manifesto.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;The target is not to create works of art, but to build homes in which the user living at home. In our work the basics is the human being; without it there is no need of architectureâ&#x20AC;?

Anne Lacaton (1955) and his partner Jean Philippe Vassal (1954) concluded his studies in Bordeaux in the early eighties and started his career in Nigeria, a country that they moved for five years, where they had to adapt to a radically different environment, in a context of great need of habitability, scarcity of architects and money. Returning to France in 1998, created the office to implement fresh ideas and experience in relation to architecture, economics and aesthetics. Since the creation of the office, their projects are based on a rational and intelligent use of new materials that allow them to offer optimal and ingenious to the requirements of customer solutions without giving up a modern architectural design, technology, materials, used for a lower price that can build the biggest space possible with a strong and modern image. Do not always think like ordinary architects in protecting innovations, but think about the environment and the user, regardless of the project. “We are always working on different project, but our behavior is always the same. Lacaton and Vassal, defend rehabilitation instead of costly and unnecessary demolitions, looking for maximum comfort space and possibilities with a minimum of means. “The balance demolition and reconstruction is not economic at all,” says in an interview with EFE architect, who 20 years working to provide optimal balance with the environment “Rehabilitate is better to demolish”. In 2008 they were awarded the “Grand Prix National d’Architecture” Innovation Award, Habitat and Sustainable Development 2006 Villa de Madrid; have formed as famous works and sometimes controversial as the School of Architecture of Nantes (2008) or the spectacular - among other reasons because of its simplicity - rehabilitation of the Palais de Tokyo in Paris (2000). The national and international recognition due to its rehabilitation projects and their architectural creations as Latapie house in Floirac (southwestern France, 1991) or the Exhibition Hall Paris-Nord Villiente, (2006). Were selected for “l’Equerre d’Argent du Moniteur” in 1996 and 1997 for the European Prize for Architecture Mies van der Rohe Foundation in Barcelona, received the Grand Prix National d’Architecture Jeune Talent, the Ministry of Cultural 1999. In all of them the notion of economy is the cornerstone that highlights the work of Lacaron & Vassal.

The house is located in LĂ¨ge, west of Bordeaux, and was one of the last in an area facing the Arcachon Bay Nature Reserve still not built upon. Sloping down harshly to the bay, the landscape consisted of 15 metre dunes covered with pine trees, shrubs and mimosa with views to the Island of Birds.

Architects Anne Lacaton and Jean Philippe Vassal were asked by a brother and sister to build for them a holiday house on land they owned on the Atlantic coast of France. A key condition of their request was that the project should respect as much as possible the 46 trees â&#x20AC;&#x201C; some up to 30 metres in height and over 80 years old â&#x20AC;&#x201C; that grew on the site. The result was a dream come true; the dream that every child has, and keeps, of having a house in the trees.

Sloping down harshly to the bay, the landscape consisted of 15 metre dunes covered with pine trees, shrubs and mimosa with views to the Island of Birds. Despite their youth, the brother and sister (only 23 and 25 years old, respectively) had already learned to appreciate the beauty and the fragility of the land. Both were conscious of the harm that the neighbours had caused when building their own houses. All had cut trees and disturbed the landscape of dunes by moving earth, hollowing foundations and raising breezeblock walls. It was through their father, an artist and a teacher of plastic arts at the Bordeaux school of architecture, how the siblings met Lacaton and Vassal. They spoke to the two architects about the beauty of that site - a site where the whole family used to picnic during the summer months; a site where they, as children, used to make huts between the trees. It was also during this first conversation that they voiced their concern as to how to build a house without destroying the charm of the plot, bearing in mind that some of the shrubs on the site were over 3 metres high thus prevented any view over the bay.

Furthermore, local planning regulations required that their building had to be at least 4 metres from the neighbours and 15 metres from the shoreline - all of which meant that the house should be located just behind the crest of the dune. Lacaton and Vassal began their response by acknowledging that although it usually seemed most comfortable to live on the ground, the analysis of the situation led them to a solution where they imagined a house in amongst the trees; a house that would be floating above the ground. Faced with such an unconventional project, the clients nonetheless decided to have faith in the architects and to begin construction.

As soon as they climbed onto the newly built platform, they realised that it was the right choice: from the 210 square metre concrete slab floor, one could enjoy a stunning view over the bay. In order not to spoil the dunes, the foundations consisted of twelve micro-piles rammed eight to ten metres into the ground. On top of them, a galvanised steel structure was assembled on piles of variable height - depending on the slope of the ground - which allowed for a passage underneath the house. The insulation both underneath and on the sides of the house was protected from the seaside environment by a layer of corrugated aluminium sheeting. Since the corrugation laid perpendicular to the bay, the aluminium sheeting echoed the glitter of the water and illuminated the space beneath the house, creating an artificial sky. Another consequence from the strict respect for the existing vegetation, was that six pine trees perforated the house. To enable the trees to move with the wind, while at the same time keeping the house completely rainproof, a rubber collar fastened the trunks to skylights. These skylights were Plexiglas plates tied to the roof of the house by elastic belts that allowed them to slide following the movements of the trees. The result was that the trees can almost be mistaken for the structure, appearing like symbolic pillars of the house.

We had to choose three houses of Stories of Houses and make a video explaining my choice. So, this three houses are House in Lège by Lacaton and Vassal, Maison à Bordeaux by Rem Koolhaas, and House in a Plum Grove by Kazuyo Sejima.

Rem Kolhaas is the architect who designed the Maison à Bordeaux. Is an architect who designs buildings of clear physical consistency, in which the mass acquires a dominant character. In 2000 Koolhaas received the Pritzker Prize, the most important international award for architecture. In addition, it is also an architectural theorist and has published several books. Another facet of Koolhaas and perhaps most important is his work as a developer, among which dominates its special predilection for the use of congestion in his works

Kazuyo Sejima is a Japanese contemporary architect, who is the author of the design of the house plum grove. She is characterized by the application architecture diagram, among other things. He has won numerous prestigious architectural awards.

“A building is basically equivalent to the diagram of space used to abstractly describe the daily activities that are presupposed in the building.”

1st HOUSE STORIES OF HOUSES

MAISON À BORDEAUX - Rem Koolhaas I’ve chosen the Maison à Bordeaux because a like so much how the architect desingned the house. I think is a complex house with a very good structure with only three legs and with a pull cable metal to contrarrest the moment that is generated in the house. Another thing that I like about this house is the constructive solutions that Koohaas has designed to the wheelchair.

2nd HOUSE STORIES OF HOUSES

HOUSE IN PLUM GROVE - Kazuyo SejimaIâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve chosen the House in a Plum Grove, because I like so much how Kazuyo has designed a big house in a small place with a lot of spaces where everyone who live in the house can go according to their moods, wanting to be alone or with other person. This house has only 77,68 m2 distribuited in two floors, which has very thin metal walls with 5cm to outer walls and 2 cm to inner walls.

3rd HOUSE - FINAL CHOICE STORIES OF HOUSES

HOUSE IN LĂ&#x2C6;GE - Lacaton & VassalThe final choice is the House in LĂŠge because I like so much the relationship between the house and the vegetation and how the architects have desingned the constructive solution to build the house with six trees in the midle and floating above the ground. The foundation consisted in twelve micropiles rammed 10 metres into de ground and on the top of them a metal structure which allow for a people walk undernearth the house. To allow the tree movement, the architects have designed rubber collar fastened the trunks to skylight. This constructive solution keep the house

MAISON À BOURDEAUX

HOUSE IN LÈGE

Tunnel Vision

Recessive

Dominant

Usher syndrome

Lateral Vision

Once at this point, we should reach agreement group to choose a type of degenerative disease on to investigate and deepen, with the final idea of designing or reforming housing designed for people who should suffer the disease. This working group is composed of Adrián Andrés Belmonte, Jaume Vicens Sastre and Maria Bonmatí Gonzálvez. Following the election of the disease under study, for the first touchdown with it and getting information the National Organization of Blind Spanish (O.N.C.E.) located in Alicante was visited. It is here where we should highlight the friendliness of the the people who work in the O.N.C.E. when were asked about the desease and, above all, Rafaela Alcaide Criado, vice president of the Territorial Council of the Valencia Community O.N.C.E., who has given us most of the information that is provided. It has also sent us their feelings, situations, positive and negative aspects of the disease, since there is no better information than a person with this disorder to understand.

Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) is a progressive, bilateral and symmetrical degeneration of the retina, which starts at the periphery; Canes (photoreceptors responsible for dark adaptation) are mainly affected in the early stages, causing night blindness (night blindness) and constriction of the visual field (tunnel vision). Most affected show deposits of pigment in the retina in clusters or in the walls of the retinal vessels, in a characteristic pattern pigment called “spicules of bone.” Other clinical findings include pallor of the optic nerve, thinning and sclerosis of the retinal vessels and hypopigmentation of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The most common failure in all forms of RP is a degeneration of photoreceptor cells in the retina called rods and cones, responsible for capturing light and assist in the process of vision to transmit visual stimuli to the brain; If these cells degenerate and die, the person experiences a progressive decrease in vision. The retina is in the posterior region of the eye and is responsible for receiving and transmitting everything we see. Visual activity is initiated by a change in the retinal electrical activity (action potential) due to the effect of light on the photoreceptor cells, which change their structure causing a nerve impulse. The cones respond to bright light, allowing color vision (photopic vision) and precise work like reading; also found in large amount in the central area of the retina. The rods in turn, perceive motion and respond to diffuse light facilitating darkvision (scotopic vision). There are over 120 million rods in each eye, but usually more numerous toward the periphery of the retina. Several authors agree that the term Retinitis Pigmentosa should not be used in cases where a non-hereditary or genetic causal factor is considered, and insist on calling them “pseudo-RP” or secondary RP. Therefore, the term Retinitis Pigmentosa is restricted to only genetic cases, while others should be more properly described as “retinal degenerations”. Genetica de la retinitis pigmentosa, Bogotá, Septiembre 2003.

As mentioned previously, the house chosen for the realization of this project is the House in L猫ge by Anne Lacaton and Jean Philippe Vassal, which is located in France. That is why, so for relizaci贸n project we sought information, scientific articles and research on the disease and later on the house, which can serve and be useful to have knowledge and to facilitate the past purposeful phases or projective. Here you can see different data of retinitis pigmentosa, as well as objective values on the disease in the country:

After an intense first phase of seeking information and references regarding retinitis pigmentosa, we performed the following photomontage, which reflected those positive and negative aspects of the disease in the area of the house in Lege, which is a few meters from the sea and where there is a lot of vegetation. After this, in the next pages, you can appreciate de physical and psicological aspects that most people with the disease often have.

MICROARCHITECTURE MICROARCHITECTURE RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA

First let’s stop talking about blindness as a disease, let’s approach it from a positive point of view, as an opportunity to improve and learn to live life looking at it from another perspective. There are no persons of first or second category, and limitations live only in our head, insecurities around us. Being blind, and without being, there are a thousand reasons to stay home and do nothing, but that alone will lead you to live life without motivation. The first enemy to fight anyone, including the blind, are themselves. Every day should be addressed as a challenge, a new opportunity to learn and grow, live life as yours. This is what you think and preach the Paralympic Enhamed Enhamed, blind since age 8 and if you were offered restore vision flatly refuse. When “won blindness” (as he calls it) led to the pool and it gave him a way of life and become the person he wanted to be. One of the things that gives more importance is that each message is sent to itself, is very important to maintain a positive attitude at all times, and not give way to self lamentation. So when you have a goal you write on paper and read it daily, so you can never forget where you’re going, what their place.

First letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s stop talking about blindness as a disease, letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s approach it from a positive point of view, as an opportunity to improve and learn to live life looking at it from another perspective. There are no persons of first or seWe have designed glasses with proximity sensor on a 3d modeling procond category, and limitations live only in our head, insecurities around us. gram and then theâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve printed. The purpose of these is to encourage those Being blind, and without being, thousand reasons to stay home negative aspects of the life of a there blind,are ie, adifficulty moving down the street and do nothing, but that alonethese will lead you tothe liveperson life without motivation. or unfamiliar places. By using glasses, can move freely Theto first anyone, including the blind, themselves. Every and beenemy in fronttooffight an object that can collide with aare beep warning of the day should be addressed as a challenge, a new opportunity to learn and approaching obstacle is issued.

MICROARCHITECTURE RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA

CONTINUING STORY

Proximity sensors used in the interiors trees of the house are related with the microarchitecture created and explained above, your goal is Ato fictional story lived by the inhabitants the house, including the diavoid the intersection with protrudingofobjects. sorder explained above, which suffers one of the family members, is rewritten.

CONTINUING STORY

Once built the house, the brothers Frank and Oliver, along with their families, settled there summer after summer. The first summer periods spent with the tranquility of nature which surrounded the house and the bay views, but years passed and slowly Frank began to feel that something was wrong with his eyesight, Frank gradually began to lose field of Proximity sensors in the interiors the house aretorelated vision and to worsenused the sharpness with trees whichofnormally used discern with the microarchitecture created and explained above, your goal is the things. Tests at the hospital did not give room for error, suffered to avoid the intersection with protruding objects. a hereditary disorder of vision called Retinitis Pigmentosa vision, that made him be losing his sight gradually over the years up to complete blindness.

CONTINUING STORY

Frank heard the news of his illness shortly before the summer. He spent a few weeks really bad , had sharp fluctuations in mood and gradually Proximity sensors from used the in the interiors of the are related was being isolated outside, nottrees go out andhouse just wanted to be with .the microarchitecture created and above, is alone It was then, when their families toexplained help and give joy your they goal decided to avoid the intersection with protruding objects. to contact different architects to improve the housing and adapted to it. Each of them developed a design proposal and housing reform , so that life in her Frank is facilitated.

CONTINUING STORY

They wanted an innovative project adapted for Frank, so the architects shared their ideas, among which highlighted recreate the exterior in the interior of the house, they wanted the envelope it relate with the vegetation, camouflaging in the environment, while creating a play of light and shadows within the housing, such that a constant illumination in all the house was created. Avoiding strong light contrasts so undesirable for people with this disorder. The first one, was the desing of the architect Adriรกn A. B. that can be seen at the bottom of the paper and from it , other architects pose a series of drawings with different proposals that make the life easier to Frank.

CONTINUING STORY

The architect Adriรกn wanted to represent, by a fugal section of the house, a daily action of life that would be like at home that he had disigned. It can appreciate different actions, both within the home, porch and below this area , which was still practicable, as can be seen in it .

CONTINUING STORY

Other architect, Jaume Sastre Vicens, was working in the desing of the house too and proposed to avoid collision with trees scattered throughout the ground, installed proximity sensors that allowed by an acoustic signal place, and thereby avoid the trees. Besides such devices were installed in places that were of danger such as double-height drop by proximity to the slab edge.

Proximity sensors used in the interiors trees of the house are related with the microarchitecture created and explained above, your goal is to avoid the intersection with protruding objects. Also lights were installed in the pavement, reflecting the different possible routes within the housing, each colour to be illuminated at nightfall to provide guidance.

A few weeks later, as Frank and his family were not thrilled with the proposals that architects had done, they returned to do modifications of the proposals that would improve the life. All of them, created rooms that play each with different senses and further would relate with nature. So they made three proposals. The first one, by the architect Jaume Sastre.

The first was to create a sound room for it in the first place they create a soundproof room to except through holes in the pavement that correspond to metal tubes. These pipes produce sound when the wind blows and found hanging from the bottom of the house. Are arranged tubes of different lengths, each producing a different sound, sound actually each tube representing a musical note, whose lengths have been calculated to achieve the Hertz of each.

The arrangement of the tubes is the most optimal for collecting a greater amount of air, while its operation is similar to that of a musical organ with small variations. At the bottom of the tubes is generated curvature spoon mode for collecting air that hits the tube and the sound is produced by exciting a tab at the top of the tube, the vibration occurs to airflow. Each tube causes the sound of a different musical note.

FA= 1,90 M

SOL= 1,70 M

LA= 1,50 M

SI= 1,40 M

DO= 1,30 M

The sound of each musical note depends on the length of the tube, it has been calculated for that length of tube would be required to achieve the hertz of each sound. For it is known that Hz=340/(l/2), and solving the formula know the length of tube required for each sound.

RE= 1,20 M

MI= 1,00 M

While the architect Jaume was making his proposal with the intention of surprising Frank and his family, Adrian and Mary architects were making their proposals. Here you can see the proposal of the architect Adrian in one of the rooms of the House in LĂ¨ge , which becomes a place of relaxation and perception of the outside for Frank .

For better olfactory perception they raised an enclosed space around the perimeter (glass on top and door at the entrance to the room) and placement of devices that dampen the atmosphere, by an air stream generated in the room, the air entering the bottom and out the top, a black tube that is heated by the sun, the smells of the outside are recreated inside. Besides, the presence of vegetation in the interior also contributes to the recreation of the smell of the vegetation.

Moreover, for the perception of sound from the outside we have provided in the area opposite a metal object which aims to capture more outside sound quality. Further, in the bottom of the vertical black tube, they have arranged a metal sheet with a small drain, in order to generate sound when there is rainfall.

Another propose is by the architect Maria BonmatĂ, that consist of one room related to the sense of smell, where the architect wanted to develop the sense of smell, so they studied as introduce the smells of nature inside the house. The faĂ§ade of the room is covered with grass, which in its lower part generates heat that up and hit drafts entering since the exterior generating a flow of air that enters to the olfactory room by inertia.

In the end, Frank and his family chose to reject the design of the exterior structure designed by architect Adrian and enhanced by various subsequent proposals by him and the rest of architects who have made different proposals. The reason for this was the fact that a prior relationship with the outside and did not really Frank was not going to appreciate the beauty of it. After this, Adrian reunited with family in order to correct those errors that were detected in your project, and trying to get a perfect design of it, always thinking is your best fit for Frank. Both parties felt that the project ought to focus as before, around trying to get a close relationship between indoors and outdoors, or what is the same, integrating the house with nature. This was to combine the study of the incidence of sunlight on housing, avoiding any incidence of these on the inside as they are very annoying to Frank.

How one of the problems that people with retinitis pigmentosa, is difficult to see at times where direct light hits your eye, such as the sun , posed a detail that can be seen access to the house and a series of sliding lamas. I have raised with three lanes (with 2 blades per lane ) and such that as the sun is making its route they are moving from east to west , avoiding in this way the entrance to direct light to the interior room and the possibility of perceive the sea when they are folded and are not incident on the inner room . In summer , since the angle of incidence of the sun relative to the horizontal area of France â&#x20AC;&#x2039;â&#x20AC;&#x2039; where is the house is 68,65Âş , from 12 the presence of the slats on the south side of the porch is not necessary .

Here you can see the final design of architect Adrian, which was chosen by Frank and her family. It is a replacement of the existing roof by a movable cover, which is raised or lowered depending on the needs of Frank and consieguiendo a close relationship between the interior of the house and outside, ie with nature. Furthermore, this proposal will have incorporated a series of automatic awnings drive when the cover is lifted and the sun shines on the inside, thus avoiding the incidence of the rays on the view of Frank. It should also be noted that in addition to getting that relationship with nature when the roof is raised, an overhead natural lighting is achieved by improving the perception of the reality of Frank.

REFERENCES

CONVERSATIONS

MANIFESTO

This course of architectural grade 4 in architecture, I have to say that I was surprised positively. At first he was not sure about what was going to try, because it was not my choice, but if I had to choose again, this time if it was mine. I believe that architecture should respond to the problems of society and adapt to all those difficulties that may. It is for this reason that I consider very useful and positive raise architecture to those in need, those who unwittingly are incapacitated for a life like others. In short, I believe that bringing this course is a success, it reflects an existing problem in society in which, unfortunately, is not usually have much awareness.