Eagle Creek Park Eagles Crest 1997 Floral Inventory

Qualitative Vegetation Analysis of Eagle's Crest State Nature Preserve, Eagle Creek Park, Indianapolis, IN

Rebecca Dolan and Marcia Moore Friesner Herbarium, Butler University Indianapolis, IN 46208 October 13, 1997

TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................................................................ 5 Methods ..................................................................................................................... 8 Results and Discussion .............................................................................................10 Recommendations .................................................................................................... 22 Literature Cited .........................................................................................................23 Appendix A. Herb- and tree-layer species by plot for Eagle’s Crest ........................25

SUMMARY OF FIGURES Location of Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve (Figure 1.) .................................................. 5 Aerial photo of Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve, 1930s (Figure 2.) ................................ 6 Aerial photo of Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve, 1990s (Figure 3.) ................................ 7 Layout of plot centers (Figure 4.) ............................................................................. 8 Frequency histograms of individual tree size for common species at Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve (Figure 5 a-e.) ..............................................15 Drawings of leaves, stems, and seeds of the five most commonly encountered trees in Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve (Figure 6 a-e.) .............16

SUMMARY OF TABLES Master Species list for Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve (Table 1.) ............................11 Tree-level species composition in Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve (Table 2.) ..........14 Comparison of structure of tree-level vegetation in permanent plots at Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve, with older-growth areas of Spring Pond Nature Preserve (Table 3.) ......................................................................................................14 Common herb-layer species in Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve (Table 4.) ...............17 Comparison of herb-layer vegetation in permanent plots at Eagle’s Crest Nature preserve, with older-growth areas of Spring Pond Nature Preserve (Table 5.) ......................................................................................................18 List of plots by canopy cover type - Gap, Border, Non-gap (Table 6.) ....................19 Tree-level species composition by location type (Table 7.) .....................................20 Comparison of structure of tree-level vegetation by canopy cover type (Table 8.)..20 Common herb-layer species composition by location type (Table 9.) .....................21

INTRODUCTION

Eagle's Crest Nature Preserve (ECNP) is a 296 acre Indiana state dedicated nature preserve which is owned by the City of Indianapolis, Indianapolis Parks Department. It is an old second-growth mesic upland forest site within the Indianapolis Parks Department's Eagle Creek Park (Figure 1). It is characterized by flat ridgetops and steep slopes that have been continuously covered with mature trees since at least the 1930's (Figures 2 and 3). A strong straight-line wind during the summer of 1994 blew over and uprooted many mature canopy trees throughout the preserve, but most of the disturbance was concentrated along the ridge over Fishback Creek on the eastern edge (Figure 1). These blow downs dramatically altered the landscape of ECNP, producing many light gaps.

Figure 1. Location of Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve.

USGS Quad map: Zionsville & Clermont

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Soils at ECNP are mostly Miami silt loams (2-24% slope), found on breaks between broad areas of nearly level soils on uplands and on side ridges of extremely dissected areas, or Hennepin loam (slopes 25-30%), steep to very steep soil on side slopes between broad areas of nearly level uplands (USDA, 1978). Most areas of Hennepin loam are narrow and long. Cross areas of Crosby silt loam occur in adjacent agriculture fields and along ridge tops, areas of deep, nearly level and gently sloping, somewhat poorly drained soils on broad, gently undulating till plains. Miami and Crosby series soils formed in loess and underling calcareous glacial till. Hennepin series soils formed in till (USDA, 1978). The fairly narrow flat areas between drainages with steep slopes at ECNP are unsuitable for agriculture and are probably the reason why the mature forest remains today.

Figure 2. Aerial photo of Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve shot in the 1930’s.

N

4

Indianapolis Parks Department, Land Stewardship Section contracted with Butler University, Friesner Herbarium to conduct a study of the vegetation of ECNP in order to quantify the vegetation present and to determine the value of this urban forest from a natural areas perspective. In addition, our study provided baseline data to be used in developing management plans for maintaining the quality of this natural area. Sites were sampled in wind-disturbed areas and compared to relatively undisturbed sites and to recently-surveyed vegetation in another close-by preserve, Spring Pond.

Permanent plots were established and marked to allow future study of vegetational changes. All woody and herbaceous plants in circular plots around permanent center points were identified and quantified. Species were categorized as native, exotic, or invasive and an index of conservatism value calculated to indicate the quality of the site from a natural areas perspective.

Figure 3. Aerial photo of Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve shot in the 1990’s.

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METHODS Eight sites within ECNP were selected for study and establishment of permanent plots. Locations were chosen arbitrarily, mostly along ridge tops, in the eastern area that has a large number of blow downs and on less disturbed ridges to the west (see Figure 1). One site, site H, was placed along a major drainage.

Within each sample area, a 3 x 3 grid system of plot center points, separated by 20 m was established along ordinal axis using a compass and meter tape (see Figure 4); each of the 8 sample areas contained 9 plots for a total of 72 plots surveyed at ECNP (see folded map for locations of sites, Attachment 1). Field work was conducted during late May and June of 1997. Plant phenology at this time was such that spring ephemerals such as toothwort and spring phlox were still apparent but summer-blooming elements of the flora were also distinguishable.

Figure 4. Layout of plot centers. Each of the eight sample sites was given a letter designation (A-G). Within each site, plots were numbered as shown.

N

20m

7

8

9

4

5

6

1

2

3

20m

Woody vegetation was sampled in 100 m2 circular plots (radius = 5.64 m) around each plot center point. Diameter at breast height (dbh) was measured for each species of tree, vine, and shrub with a dbh of 1 cm or greater. These numbers provided data on the tree-layer vegetation at each study site.

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Herb-layer vegetation was surveyed in 10 m2 area circles (radius = 1.79 m) around each plot center point. Herbaceous species presence was recorded along with an estimate of the percentage of the quadrat that is covered by each species. Cover was estimated in equal angular (arcsine square root) classes (1-7%, 8-25%, 26-50%, 51-75%, 76-93%, 94-100%), a procedure that other studies have shown uses class distinctions that most investigators can distinguish and that are free from mathematical quirks that can complicate analyses based on data recorded as ratios (Dolan and Menges, 1989). This technique provided data on both the presence and abundance of species in each quadrat.

Nomenclature follows Gleason and Cronquist (1991).

Each individual plot within a site was assigned a canopy cover type (gap, gap-border or non-gap) based on whether the plot was in a light gap, on the edge of a gap, or in woods with an undisturbed overstory. Tree- and herb-layer data were then analyzed in light of canopy cover type for species presence and structural composition in order to quantify the effects of cover type. Because the major wind disturbance at the sight occurred recently, only tree-layer stems smaller than 10 cm dbh were included in the analysis.

The data were analyzed using the software package PC-ORD (McCune, 1991). This package calculated standard ecological measures used to compare vegetation. These data were used to quantify plant community structure and diversity, and are compared to values obtained in last summer's study at Spring Pond Nature Preserve (SPNP).

Value of the site from a natural areas perspective was quantified using the index of conservatism developed by Swink and Wilhelm (1994). This rating system assigns values from 0-10 for native species based on their fidelity to high quality habitats. A floristic quality index (I) value is then calculated from the equation _ I=C N

where N is the number of native species. The index allows for comparison between sites. A caveat to use of this system in central Indiana is that it was developed for the Chicago area, and although almost all species located in our study were given quality index values by Swink and Wilhelm, habitat fidelity characteristics of the plants may be different in our area, which is located ca. 325 km south of Chicago.

All plot centers have been marked with permanent markers (ca. 2 in2 brown post-consumer recycled high density polyethylene stakes, ca. 24 in. long pounded to within 6 in. of the ground). Markers have identifying 1 1/4 inch round brass tags labeled with site and plot information.

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION There were 134 species of plants identified at ECNP during the study. Table 1 is the master list of all plants encountered both within study plots and outside the plots at ECNP. Only 9 (7% of total) plants seen were non-native species. No plants listed as rare, threatened or endangered by the Division of Nature Preserves (1994) were seen. Species lists for individual plot centers for tree-layer species and for herb-layer species are presented in Appendix A. Swink and Wilhelm's Index of Conservatism (I) for Eagles Crest is 59.7. Swink and Wilhelm (1994) rate sites with I values of less than 20 as of essentially no significance, sites with values greater than 35 as of sufficient conservatism and richness to be of profound importance from a regional perspective and sites with values over 50 as extremely rare and of paramount importance from a natural areas perspective. This value is much greater than the 46.0 value obtained for interior sites at Spring Pond Nature Preserve, also within Eagle Creek Park.

A total of 655 stems with dbh of greater then 1 cm from 31 species occurred in the tree-layer. Sugar maple was by far the most commonly encountered tree, accounting for 63.2 percent of the total stems. This is reflected in its very high importance value (40.4), more than six times greater than the next most important species (Table 2). Red and white oak, beech, elm and black cherry had importance values between 4 and 6. For the oaks, a few large trees contributed significantly to this score; for elm, many small trees contributed. Other tree-level species were present in only a few plots and/ or were very small (Table 2).

Structurally, ECNP is similar to the previously sampled Spring Pond Nature Preserve (SPNP) in terms of the density of trees/ha but SPNP has almost 50% again as much basal area/dm (Table 3).

This may be due to the recent loss of large, mature trees to wind throw at ECNP. Histograms based on the sizes of individual trees indicate sugar maple, beech and elm are on the increase, with many small stems present (Figure 5 a-c). By contrast, white oak and red oak were represented by larger sized trees with no saplings observed in the smallest size classes (Figure 5 d,e).

Relatively recent increases in sugar maple density and limited regeneration of oaks have been observed in other midwestern forests (see Dolan, 1994 for a review). This change in composition is most often attributed to region-wide fire suppression. Drawings of leaf, branch, and seed structure for the five most commonly encountered trees in ECNP can be found in Figure 6 a-e.

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Table 1.

Master Species list for Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve.

List is generated from field work completed in 1997.

(Includes species observed off plots)

Scientific Name

Common Name

Acer negundoc Acer saccharum Actaea alba Adiantum pedatumc Aesculus glabra Agrimonia parviflora Alliaria petiolatab,c Allium tricoccum Ambrosia trifidac Antennaria neglecta Arisaema triphyllum Asarum canadense Asimina triloba Aster divaricatus Athyrium thelypteroidesc Boehmeria cylindrica Botrychium virginianum Cardamine concatenata Carex communis Carex laxiflora Carpinus caroliniana Carya cordiformis Carya glabra Carya laciniosa Carya ovata Celtis occidentalis Cercis canadensis Cinna arundinacea Circaea quadrisulcatac Cirsium arvensea,c Claytonia virginica Cornus florida Cornus sericea Crataegus mollis Cryptotaenia canadensisc Cystopteris fragilis Dicentra cucullaria Diospyros virginianac Epifagus virginianac Erigenia bulbosa Erythronium americanum Eupatorium purpureum Eupatorium rugosum Fagus grandifolia Fraxinus americana Fraxinus pennsylvanica Fraxinus quadrangulata

Box elder Sugar maple White baneberry Maidenhair fern Ohio buckeye Small-flowered agrimony Garlic mustard Wild leek or ramps Giant ragweed Field pussytoes Jack in the pulpit Wild ginger Paw paw White wood aster Silvery glade fern False nettles Rattlesnake fern Cut-leaf toothwort Sedge Sedge Musclewood Bitternut hickory Pignut hickory Shellbark hickory Shagbark hickory Hackberry Redbud Wood reed Enchanter's nightshade Canada thistle Spring-beauty Flowering dogwood Red-osier dogwood Downy hawthorn Honewort Brittle fern Dutchman's breeches Persimmon Beech-drops Harbinger of spring Trout-lily Sweet joe-pye weed White snakeroot American beech White ash Green ash Blue ash

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Coefficient of Conservatism (C) 0 3 7 10 3 7 7 0 4 4 7 9 10 2 6 5 8 10 8 7 5 10 5 3 10 5 1 2 8 6 2 2 6 6 10 10 8 7 4 5 5 5 8

Table 1. Continued.

Scientific Name

Common Name

Galium aparine Galium boreale Galium circaezans Galium tinctorium Galium triflorum Geranium maculatum Geum canadense Gymnocladus dioicac Helianthus decapetalus Helianthus divaricatus Hepatica americana Hesperis matronalisb,c Hydrophyllum appendiculatum Hydrophyllum canadense Hydrophyllum macrophyllum Hypericum punctatum Impatiens capensis Isopyrum biternatum Jeffersonia diphylla Juglans cinereac Juglans nigra Lindera benzoin Liriodendron tulipifera Lonicera japonicab Lonicera maackiib,c Lonicera tataricab Lysimachia lanceolata Matricaria matricaroidesc Medeola virginiana Menispermum canadense Mertensia virginicac Onoclea sensibilisc Osmorhiza claytonii Oxalis stricta Parthenocissus quinquefolia Phacelia bipinnatifida Phalaris arundinaceab,c,d Phlox divaricata Phryma leptostachyac Phytolacca americanac Platanus occidentalisc Podophyllum peltatum Polemonium reptans Polygonatum biflorum Polygonum amphibium Polygonum virginianum Prenanthes altissima Prunus serotina

Cleavers Northern bedstraw Wild licorice Tiny bedstraw Fragrant bedstraw Wild geranium White avens Kentucky coffee tree Thin-leaved sunflower Woodland sunflower Liverleaf Dame’s rocket Appendaged waterleaf Broad-leaved waterleaf Largeleaf waterleaf Spotted St. John’s-wort Spotted jewelweed False-rue anemone Twinleaf Butternut Black walnut Spice bush Tulip tree (yellow poplar) Japanese honeysuckle Amur honeysuckle Tatarica honeysuckle Lance-leaved loosestrife Pineapple weed Indiana cucumber-root Canada moonseed Virginia bluebells Sensitive fern Sweet cicely Yellow woods sorrel Virginia creeper Forest waterleaf Reed canary grass Spring phlox Lopseed Pokeberry Sycamore May apple Greek valerian True Solomon’s seal Water smartweed Virginia knotweed Wild lettuce Black cherry

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Coefficient of Conservatism (C) 1 7 10 8 5 4 1 8 5 5 9 8 10 4 3 8 10 8 5 7 5

7 10 6 5 8 3 0 2

5 4 1 9 4 5 3 4 2 8 1

Table 1. Continued.

Scientific Name

Common Name

Quercus alba Quercus macrocarpa Quercus prinus Quercus rubra Quercus velutina Ranunculus septentrionalis Ribes cynosbati Rosa carolina Rubus occidentalis Ruellia strepensc Sambucus canadensisc Sanguinaria canadensis Sanicula marilandica Sassafras albidum Senecio obovatus Smilacina racemosa Smilax hispida Solidago altissima Staphylea trifolia Stellaria pubera Stylophorum diphyllumc Taraxacum officinalea Thelypteris hexagonopterac Tilia americana Toxicodendron radicans Tradescantia subaspera Trillium recurvatum Triosteum aurantiacum var. aurantiacumc Ulmus rubra Urtica dioicaa Uvularia grandiflora Valeriana pauciflora Viola pubescens Viola rotundifolia Viola sagittata Viola striata Vitis vulpina

White oak Bur oak Chestnut oak Red oak Black oak Swamp buttercup Gooseberry Pasture rose Black raspberry Smooth ruellia Common elderberry Bloodroot Black snakeroot Sassafras Ragwort False Solomon’s-seal Hispid greenbriar Tall goldenrod Bladder-nut Star chickweed Celandine-poppy Dandelion Beech fern Basswood or linden Poison ivy Spiderwort Prairie trillium

Coefficient of conservatism (C)

Horse gentian Slippery elm Stinging nettles Large-flowered bellwort Large-flowered valerian Smooth yellow violet Round-leaved yellow violet Arrow-leaved violet Pale violet Winter grape

a = alien b = noxious alien c = species observed off study plots d = most likely non-native escaped cultivar C = Coefficient of conservatism from Swink & Wilhelm (1994).

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5 5 7 6 5 5 5 2 8 1 6 6 3 10 3 5 1 7 10 10 10 5 2 10 5 5 4 7 5 7 6 7

Table 2. Tree-level species composition in Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve.

Density Species

Common Name

(trees/ha)

Acer saccharum Quercus rubra Fagus grandifolia Quercus alba Ulmus rubra Prunus serotina Quercus prinus Cornus florida Tilia americana Carya glabra Lindera benzoin Celtis occidentalis Liriodendron tulipifera Quercus velutina Fraxinus quadrangulata Asimina triloba Platanus occidentalis Fraxinus pennsylvanica Carya ovata Carpinus caroliniana Fraxinus americana Cercis canadensis Carya cordiformis Juglans nigra Aesculus glabra Carya species Quercus macrocarpa Staphylea trifolia Carya laciniosa Acer negundo Sassafras albidum Vitis vulpina

Sugar maple Red oak American beech White oak Slippery elm Black cherry Chestnut oak Flowering dogwood Basswood or linden Pignut hickory Spice bush Hackberry Tulip tree Black oak Blue ash Paw paw Sycamore Green ash Shagbark hickory Musclewood American ash Redbud Bitternut hickory Black walnut Ohio buckeye Hickory seedling Bur oak Bladder-nut Shellbark hickory Box elder Sassafras Grapevine

575.00 9.72 27.78 11.11 55.56 26.39 13.89 30.56 8.33 12.50 25.00 15.28 13.89 4.17 15.28 18.06 1.39 1.39 6.94 9.72 1.39 5.56 2.78 2.78 4.17 1.39 1.39 2.78 1.39 1.39 1.39 1.39

Basal Area (dm2/ha) 580.79 284.29 169.01 232.28 25.22 58.90 96.60 14.94 99.78 51.24 .56 17.27 56.99 75.38 1.77 .52 83.14 73.35 24.25 2.12 42.20 4.93 14.19 5.20 .53 1.39 5.38 .03 1.39 .94 .21 .06

*I.V.(Importance Value) = mean of relative density, relative basal area, and relative frequency.

Table 3.

Comparison of structure of tree-level vegetation in permanent plots at Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve (ECNP), with older-growth areas of Spring Pond Nature Preserve (SPNP).

ECNP No. species

SPNP

32

29

Density of trees/ha

910

1,018

Basal area/dm2/ha

2,038

2,896

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I.V.* (%) 40.40 6.00 5.92 5.35 5.15 3.50 3.09 2.93 2.65 2.58 2.35 2.27 2.15 1.81 1.73 1.67 1.55 1.39 1.36 1.10 .88 .85 .62 .47 .45 .43 .28 .24 .22 .21 .20 .19

Figure 5 a-e.

Frequency histograms of individual tree size for common species at Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve.

(5a.)

(5b.)

(5c.)

(5d.)

(5e.)

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Figure 6 a-e.

Drawings of leaves, stems, and seeds of the five most commonly encountered trees in Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve. (From Fifty Trees of Indiana).

(6a.) Acer saccarum (Sugar maple)

(6b.) Fagus grandifolia (American beech)

(6c.) Ulmus rubra (Slippery elm)

(6d.) Quercus alba (White oak)

(6e.) Quercus rubra (Red oak)

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The most common plants in the herb-layer within ECNP were sugar maple seedlings (found in 65.3% of plots with an average cover class of over 1.35). Other common herbs are listed in Table 4, including wild ginger, Jack-in-the-pulpit, brittle fern, appendaged waterleaf, jewelweed, false rueanemone, Virginia creeper, Solomon's seal, black snakeroot, and stinging nettles. These are all common components of mixed upland hardwood forest communities of central Indiana.

Table 4.

Common herb-layer species in Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve.

Species with 20% overall frequency or greater are listed.

A total of 93 species was sampled.

Species

Common Name

Acer saccharum Sanicula marilandica Asarum canadense Parthenocissus quinquefolia Isopyrum biternatum Polygonatum biflorum Urtica dioica Viola sp.

Podophyllum peltatum Impatiens capensis Cystopteris fragilis Fraxinus sp.

Hydrophyllum macrophyllum Arisaema triphyllum Galium aparine Tradescantia subaspera Cardamine concatenata Carya sp.

Geranium maculatum Boehmeria cylindrica Lysimachia lanceolata

Sugar maple Black snakeroot Wild ginger Virginia creeper False-rue anemone True Solomon’s-seal Stinging nettles Violet May-apple Spotted jewelweed Brittle fern Ash seedling Largeleaf waterleaf Jack-in-the-pulpit Cleavers Spiderwort Cut-leaved toothwort Hickory seedling Wild geranium False nettles Lance-leaved loosestrife

% frequency

65.3 61.1 51.4 48.6 44.4 44.4 44.4 41.7 40.3 34.7 31.9 31.9 31.9 30.6 27.8 26.4 25.0 25.0 22.2 20.8 20.8

Avg. cover class

1.347 1.264 1.097 .819 .667 .556 1.236 .583 1.069 .736 .542 .653 .528 .431 .347 .500 .264 .347 .486 .472 .250

Five alien species that can become invasive and may be management concerns were seen in the plots: Tatarian honeysuckle, Japanese honeysuckle, reed canary grass, dame's rocket and Canada thistle (Table 1). Garlic mustard and Amur honeysuckle were seen in one patch each outside study plots and were removed. Other aliens seen off plots do not generally pose management concerns (dandelion and stinging nettles).

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Composite statistics that summarize the amount of variation in the herb-layer vegetation at the plot level show very similar values for richness (the average number of taxa found in a plot), evenness and Shannon-Weaver diversity (both indices of species diversity based on the number of taxa and their cover class values) between ECNP and SPNP (Table 5). This is true in spite of the fact that ECNP had 93 species in the herb-layer while SPNP had only 59 within the preserve. So, although more species were found over all at ECNP, individual plots had about the same number of taxa and same range of cover types at each preserve. This may reflect a greater number of microhabitats at ECNP, with plants occurring in patches of habitat rather than being equally frequent in all areas of the preserve.

Table 5.

Comparison of herb-layer vegetation in permanent plots at Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve (ECNP), with older-growth areas of Spring Pond Nature Preserve (SPNP).

ECNP

SPNP

No. species

93

59

Richness

12.20

10.60

Evenness

0.96

0.95

Shannon-Weaver diversity

2.34

2.21

The data collected were also analyzed to determine potential effects of canopy cover type. Of the total 72 plots, 14 occurred in light gaps, 11 in border areas and 47 in closed canopy, non-gap cover (Table 6). Only eight species were found in the tree-layer in plots located in gaps (Table 7). Border areas hosted 10 species while plots in the undisturbed non-gap locations had 20 different species.

Sugar maple had the greatest importance value in all three canopy cover types.

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Table 6. List of plots by canopy cover type - Gap, Border, or Non-gap.

Gap

Border

A2 A9 B8 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 H2 H3

A1 A5 A7 A8 B9 D8 D9 F1 F4 F7 H1

Non-gap A3 A4 A6 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6

E7 E8 E9 F2 F3 F5 F6 F8 F9 G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9

Structurally, the herb-layer vegetation did not differ between plots of different canopy cover type (Table 8), although a greater number of species were found in the non-gap plots. However, species composition did differ between plots in different canopy cover types (Table 9). In gaps, the most common (found in >=50% of plots) species were spotted jewelweed, stinging nettles, black snakeroot, false rue-anemone, cleavers, Solomon’s seal, sugar maple seedlings and spiderwort. In borders, sugar maple seedlings, stinging nettles and black snakeroot were the most common; in non-gap areas black snakeroot, wild ginger and sugar maple seedlings.

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Table 7.

Tree-level species composition by location type, Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve.

GAP

Species

BORDER

Density Basal I.V. Area Common Name (trees/ha)(dm2/ha (%)

Acer saccharum Lindera benzoin Liriodendron tulipifera Asimina triloba Prunus serotina Carya cordiformis

Sugar maple Spice bush

292.86 54.03 57.67 85.71 1.95 12.59

Tulip tree 42.86 Paw paw 64.29 Black cherry 7.14 Bitternut hickory 7.14 Carya glabra Pignut hickory 7.14 Celtis occidentalis Hackberry 7.14 Ulmus rubra Slippery elm Cornus florida Flowering dogwood Fagus grandifolia American beech Fraxinus quardangulata Blue ash Cercis canadensis Redbud Carpinus caroliniana Musclewood Aesculus glabra Ohio buckeye Acer negundo Box elder Staphylea trifolia Bladder-nut Sassafras albidum Sassafras Tilia americana Basswood or linden Carya ovata Shagbark hickory -

13.49 12.44 2.22 8.85 2.37 2.74

NON-GAP

Density Basal I.V Area (trees/ha)(dm2/ha) (%) 145.45 19.25 39.90 9.09 .23 2.33 18.18 45.45

.21 2.73 -

Density Basal I.V.* Area (trees/ha) (dm2/ha) (%) 608.51 93.94 10.64 .22

4.42 9.12

2.13 4.26 21.28

-

-

1.26 .09 6.41 -

60.38 1.32 .69 .78 3.89

1.09

2.18

-

-

.25 .06 -

1.81 1.72 -

36.36 36.36

1.38 8.40 5.21 12.02

4.26 .75 10.64 .57 65.96 14.02

.94 2.04 9.58

-

-

36.36 27.27

2.99 2.37

8.59 7.23

34.04 9.92 23.40 1.30

6.14 3.61

-

-

27.27 9.09

.32 .64

5.29 2.71

14.89 4.26

.51 .99

2.49 1.00

-

-

-

-

-

14.89 3.25 6.38 .80 2.13 1.45 4.26 .05 2.13 .32

2.86 1.04 .73 .48 .46

-

-

-

-

-

2.13 2.13

.28 .09

.45 .40

Vitis vulpina Grapevine 2.13 *I.V. (Importance Value) = mean of relative density, relative basal area, and relative frequency.

.10

.40

Table 8.

Location Gap Border Non-gap

Comparison of structure of tree-level vegetation in permanent plots at Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve (ECNP), by canopy cover type.

No. Species 56 55 85

Richness 13.1 11.6 12.0

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Evenness 0.951 0.966 0.957

Diversity 2.338 2.338 2.331

Table 9.

Common herb-layer species composition by location type, Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve. Species with 20% overall frequency or greater are listed.

Species Impatiens capensis Urtica dioica Sanicula marilandica Isopyrum biternatum Galium aparine Polygonatum biflorum Asarum canadense Podophyllum peltatum Acer saccharum Tradescantia subaspera Hydrophyllum appendiculatum Geranium maculatum Viola rotundifolia

Common Name

GAP

BORDER

NON-GAP

Avg. Percent cover frequency class

Avg. Percent cover frequency class

Avg. Percent cover frequency class

Spotted jewelweed Stinging nettles Black snakeroot False-rue anemone Cleavers True Solomon’s seal Wild ginger May apple Sugar maple Spiderwort

78.6 71.4 64.3 57.1 57.1 57.1 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0

1.207 2.143 1.500 .857 .643 .643 2.143 1.286 1.214 1.000

27.3 54.5 63.6 27.3 36.4 27.3 45.5 45.5 81.8 -

.727 1.545 1.273 .273 .636 .674 1.000 1.091 1.455 -

23.4 34.0 59.6 44.7 42.5 53.2 36.2 65.6 23.4

Appendaged waterleaf Wild geranium Round-leaved yellow violet Brittle fern

35.7 35.7

1.000 .786

45.5 -

1.182 -

23.4

.511

35.7 Cystopteris fragilis 35.7 Hydrophyllum canadense Broad-leaved waterleaf 28.6 Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virginia creeper 28.6 Rubus occidentalis Black raspberry 28.6 Taraxacum officinale Dandelion 28.6 Allium tricoccum Wild leek or ramps 21.4 Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip tree 21.4 Smilacina racemosa False Solomon’s seal 21.4 Helianthus divaricatus Woodland sunflower 21.4 Ulmus rubra Slippery elm 21.4 Polygonum amphibium Water smartweed 21.4 Vitis vulpina Winter grape 21.4 Fraxinus quadrangulata Blue ash Carex laxiflora Sedge Hydrophyllum macrophyllum Largeleaf waterleaf Dicentra culullaria Dutchman’s breeches Arisaema triphyllum Jack in the pulpit Cardamine concatenata Cut-leaf toothwort Carex communis Sedge Lysimachia lanceolata Lance-leaved loosestrife Boehmeria cylindrica False nettles Lindera benzoin Spice bush -

.571 .500

36.4 -

.455 -

44.7 34.0

.617 .596

1.286

-

-

-

-

.714 .714 .357 .643 .429 .357 .286 .286 .214 .214

45.5 27.3 -

.818 .818 -

55.3 -

.851 -

-

45.5 36.4

1.182 .364

38.3 -

.723 -

-

27.3 27.3 -

.636 .364 -

38.3 42.5 31.9 27.7

.596 .596 .340 .383

-

-

-

27.7 25.5 21.3

.340 .553 .617

19

.383 .894 1.191 .702 .553 1.170 1.000 1.362 .426

Ecologists often associate light gaps in forests with greater species diversity. The role of gaps in contributing/maintaining species diversity in an Appalachian old-growth forest was recently studied

by Busing and White (1997). They review ideas on how small-scale disturbances are thought to enhance diversity in forests. Two theories prevail: 1) array of regeneration niches/gap partitioning: species partition resources differently in gaps (i.e., have niches), therefore gaps provide more different habitats (can be influenced by gap size) vs. 2) gaps are just sites of regeneration and reflect densities of available seed source trees. High stem density in gaps is the reason for high diversity in gaps.

Their study found gap partitioning might be working for some trees that are intolerant to shading, but most of their data supported the density hypothesis. A null model attributing species richness levels to stem density level largely explained the richness pattern in their study forest. At Eagles Crest, the gaps did not contribute significantly to diversity. Plots located in gaps had the same average number of species present and these species were a subset of those found in border and closed canopy sites.

The percentage of tree saplings of each species matched the percentage of trees of each species in the woods as a whole with the exception of oaks. Throughout the woods, little oak regeneration was seen, as discussed previously. Shrubs (paw paw and spicebush) however, were found at much greater density in gap areas, so light may be limiting for these plants in closed canopy sites. Shrubs also may be able to respond more quickly to habitat changes following gap creation (the blow down); it may take longer for tree species to exploit recently formed gaps. Therefore, our results are in general agreement with Busing and White (1997).

RECOMMENDATIONS

1) The vegetation at Eagle’s Crest is of a very high quality. In order to continue to monitor for changes in habitat quality that may result from the big blow down, the vegetation should be resampled every several years. Patterns in the vegetation not now apparent may become so as more time passes since the big blow-down event.

2) The invasive exotic species Japanese honeysuckle, bush honeysuckle, garlic mustard, Canada thistle, dame’s rocket and reed canary grass should be removed (although the grass is more likely to be a problem in wetter areas only). Monitoring should continue at ECNP to scout for these plants, several of which were found only in light gaps, and they should be removed when first spotted.

They are not common or extensive now and are much more difficult to control once established.

20

LITERATURE CITED

Busing, R.T. and P.S. White. 1997. Species diversity and small-scale disturbance in an old-growth temperate forest: a consideration of gap partitioning concepts. Oikos 78:562-568.

Dolan, R.W. 1994. Effects of a prescribed burn on tree- and herb-layer vegetation in a post oak (Quercus stellata) dominated flatwoods. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science 103:25-32.

Dolan, R.W. and E.S. Menges. 1989. Vegetation and environment in adjacent post oak (Quercus stellata) flatwoods and barrens in Indiana. American Midland Naturalist 122:329-338.

Gleason, H.A. and A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of the vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. 910 p.

Indiana Department of Natural Resources. 1993. Indiana’s rare plants and animals: A checklist of endangered and threatened species. Indianapolis, IN 126 p.

McCune, B. 1991. Multivariate analysis on the PC-ORD system.

Corvallis, OR. 123 p.

Oregon State University,

United States Department of Agriculture Soil conservation Service. 1978. Soil survey of Marion County, Indiana.

21

Appendix A. Herb- and tree-layer species by plot for Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve.

Output from Program SUMMARY Herb-layer data, Eagle’s Crest

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotA1 Code Name

3.00 4.00 2.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 3.00

12 13 39 50 62 64 67 109 123

Asarum canadense Asimina triloba Dicentra cucullaria Galium aparine Hydrophyllum appendiculatum Hydrophyllum macrophyllum Isopyrum biternatum Smilacina racemosa Urtica dioica

ASACAN ASITRI DICCUC GALAPA HYDAPP HYDMAC ISOBIT SMIRAC URTDIO

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotA2 Code Name

2.00 2.00 2.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 3.00

2 12 50 62 66 86 92 106 123

Acer saccharum Asarum canadense Galium aparine Hydrophyllum appendiculatum Impatiens capensis Phlox divaricata Polygonatum biflorum Sanicula marilandica Urtica dioica

ACESAC ASACAN GALAPA HYDAPP IMPCAP PHLDIV POLBIF SANMAR URTDIO

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotA3 Code Name

1.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 1.00 3.00 4.00

2 8 12 19 50 55 58 64 66 67 106 123

Acer saccharum Allium tricoccum Asarum canadense Cardamine concatenata Galium aparine Geranium maculatum Helianthus decapetalus Hydrophyllum macrophyllum Impatiens capensis Isopyrum biternatum Sanicula marilandica Urtica dioica

ACESAC ALLTRI ASACAN CARCON GALAPA GERMAC HELDEC HYDMAC IMPCAP ISOBIT SANMAR URTDIO

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotA4 Code Name

2.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00

2 12 30 33 38 39 49 50 62 66 67 88 106 122 123 129

Acer saccharum Asarum canadense Cinna arundinacea Claytonia virginica Cystopteris fragilis Dicentra cucullaria Fraxinus sp.

Galium aparine Hydrophyllum appendiculatum Impatiens capensis Isopyrum biternatum Podophyllum peltatum Sanicula marilandica Ulmus sp.

Urtica dioica Viola striata

ACESAC ASACAN CINARU CLAVIR CYSFRA DICCUC FRASPP GALAPA HYDAPP IMPCAP ISOBIT PODPEL SANMAR ULMSPP URTDIO VIOSTR

22

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotA5 Code Name

2.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 4.00 1.00

2 8 12 19 20 33 38 39 50 62 64 66 81 83 88 106 122 123 129

Acer saccharum Allium tricoccum Asarum canadense Cardamine concatenata Carex laxiflora Claytonia virginica Cystopteris fragilis Dicentra cucullaria Galium aparine Hydrophyllum appendiculatum Hydrophyllum macrophyllum Impatiens capensis Osmorhiza claytoni Parthenocissus quinquefolia Podophyllum peltatum Sanicula marilandica Ulmus sp.

Urtica dioica Viola striata

ACESAC ALLTRI ASACAN CARCON CARLAX CLAVIR CYSFRA DICCUC GALAPA HYDAPP HYDMAC IMPCAP OSMCLA PARQUI PODPEL SANMAR ULMSPP URTDIO VIOSTR

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotA6 Code Name

2.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 3.00

12 17 19 55 64 66 81 83 88 106 119

Asarum canadense Boehmeria cylindrica Cardamine concatenata Geranium maculatum Hydrophyllum macrophyllum Impatiens capensis Osmorhiza claytoni Parthenocissus quinquefolia Podophyllum peltatum Sanicula marilandica Tradescantia subaspera

ASACAN BOECYL CARCON GERMAC HYDMAC IMPCAP OSMCLA PARQUI PODPEL SANMAR TRASUB

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotA7 Code Name

2.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 3.00

2 12 38 39 43 50 62 92 106 119 123

Acer saccharum Asarum canadense Cystopteris fragilis Dicentra cucullaria Erythronium americanum Galium aparine Hydrophyllum appendiculatum Polygonatum biflorum Sanicula marilandica Tradescantia subaspera Urtica dioica

ACESAC ASACAN CYSFRA DICCUC ERYAME GALAPA HYDAPP POLBIF SANMAR TRASUB URTDIO

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotA8 Code Name

2.00 3.00 2.00

2 8 12

Acer saccharum Allium tricoccum Asarum canadense Boehmeria cylindrica Claytonia virginica Galium aparine Hydrophyllum appendiculatum Hydrophyllum macrophyllum Impatiens capensis Isopyrum biternatum Parthenocissus quinquefolia Phacelia bipinnatifida Podophyllum peltatum Polygonatum biflorum Sanicula marilandica

ACESAC ALLTRI ASACAN BOECYL CLAVIR GALAPA HYDAPP HYDMAC IMPCAP ISOBIT PARQUI PHABIP PODPEL POLBIF SANMAR

2.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 2.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 2.00 2.00

17 33 50 62 64 66 67 83 84 88 92 106

23

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotA9 Code Name

2.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 3.00

12 38 39 50 67 88 109 124

Asarum canadense Cystopteris fragilis Dicentra cucullaria Galium aparine Isopyrum biternatum Podophyllum peltatum Smilacina racemosa Uvularia grandiflora

ASACAN CYSFRA DICCUC GALAPA ISOBIT PODPEL SMIRAC UVUGRA

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotB1 Code Name

1.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 4.00 2.00 1.00

2 8 12 19 21 58 64 66 83 93 103 106 119 130

Acer saccharum Allium tricoccum Asarum canadense Cardamine concatenata Carex spp.

Helianthus decapetalus Hydrophyllum macrophyllum Impatiens capensis Parthenocissus quinquefolia Prenanthes altissima Rosa sp.

Sanicula marilandica Tradescantia subaspera Viola sp.

ACESAC ALLTRI ASACAN CARCON CARSPP HELDEC HYDMAC IMPCAP PARQUI PREALT ROSSPP SANMAR TRASUB VIOSPP

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotB2 Code Name

2.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 3.00 1.00

11 12 19 28 38 42 55 67 76 106 113 123 130

Arisaema triphyllum Asarum canadense Cardamine concatenata Celtis occidentalis Cystopteris fragilis Erigenia bulbosa Geranium maculatum Isopyrum biternatum Lysimachia lanceolata Sanicula marilandica Stellaria pubera Urtica dioica Viola sp.

ARITRI ASACAN CARCON CELOCC CYSFRA ERIBUL GERMAC ISOBIT LYSLAN SANMAR STEPUB URTDIO VIOSPP

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotB3 Code Name

4.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 2.00 4.00

8 11 12 19 38 42 50 55 67 106 123

Allium tricoccum Arisaema triphyllum Asarum canadense Cardamine concatenata Cystopteris fragilis Erigenia bulbosa Galium aparine Geranium maculatum Isopyrum biternatum Sanicula marilandica Urtica dioica

ALLTRI ARITRI ASACAN CARCON CYSFRA ERIBUL GALAPA GERMAC ISOBIT SANMAR URTDIO

24

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotB4 Code Name

1.00 2.00 1.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.00

2 8 11 12 33 38 43 45 47 58 64 67 73 82 92 106 118 119 130

Acer saccharum Allium tricoccum Arisaema triphyllum Asarum canadense Claytonia virginica Cystopteris fragilis Erythronium americanum Fagus grandifolia Fraxinus quadrangulata Helianthus decapetalus Hydrophyllum macrophyllum Isopyrum biternatum Lonicera japonica Oxalis stricta Polygonatum biflorum Sanicula marilandica Toxicodendron radicans Tradescantia subaspera Viola sp.

ACESAC ALLTRI ARITRI ASACAN CLAVIR CYSFRA ERYAME FAGGRA FRAQUA HELDEC HYDMAC ISOBIT LONJAP OXASTR POLBIF SANMAR TOXRAD TRASUB VIOSPP

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotB5 Code Name

4.00 1.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 3.00

8 11 12 19 27 38 55 62 66 67 83 92 106 123

Allium tricoccum Arisaema triphyllum Asarum canadense Cardamine concatenata Carya sp.

Cystopteris fragilis Geranium maculatum Hydrophyllum appendiculatum Impatiens capensis Isopyrum biternatum Parthenocissus quinquefolia Polygonatum biflorum Sanicula marilandica Urtica dioica

ALLTRI ARITRI ASACAN CARCON CARSPP CYSFRA GERMAC HYDAPP IMPCAP ISOBIT PARQUI POLBIF SANMAR URTDIO

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotB6 Code Name

1.00 2.00 1.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 2.00 4.00 2.00

11 12 50 55 66 67 71 106 123 124

Arisaema triphyllum Asarum canadense Galium aparine Geranium maculatum Impatiens capensis Isopyrum biternatum Lindera benzoin Sanicula marilandica Urtica dioica Uvularia grandiflora

ARITRI ASACAN GALAPA GERMAC IMPCAP ISOBIT LINBEN SANMAR URTDIO UVUGRA

25

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotB7 Code Name

4.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 1.00

8 12 19 38 55 64 67 76 88 92 109 113 120 130

Allium tricoccum Asarum canadense Cardamine concatenata Cystopteris fragilis Geranium maculatum Hydrophyllum macrophyllum Isopyrum biternatum Lysimachia lanceolata Podophyllum peltatum Polygonatum biflorum Smilacina racemosa Stellaria pubera Trillium recurvatum Viola sp.

ALLTRI ASACAN CARCON CYSFRA GERMAC HYDMAC ISOBIT LYSLAN PODPEL POLBIF SMIRAC STEPUB TRIREC VIOSPP

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotB8 Code Name

2.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 3.00 1.00

2 12 19 21 66 67 78 86 106 109 118 122 123 130

Acer saccharum Asarum canadense Cardamine concatenata Carex spp.

Impatiens capensis Isopyrum biternatum Menispermum canadense Phlox divaricata Sanicula marilandica Smilacina racemosa Toxicodendron radicans Ulmus sp.

Urtica dioica Viola sp.

ACESAC ASACAN CARCON CARSPP IMPCAP ISOBIT MENCAN PHLDIV SANMAR SMIRAC TOXRAD ULMSPP URTDIO VIOSPP

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotB9 Code Name

2.00 4.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 1.00 3.00 4.00

2 8 21 47 50 62 66 88 106 123

Acer saccharum Allium tricoccum Carex spp.

Fraxinus quadrangulata Galium aparine Hydrophyllum appendiculatum Impatiens capensis Podophyllum peltatum Sanicula marilandica Urtica dioica

ACESAC ALLTRI CARSPP FRAQUA GALAPA HYDAPP IMPCAP PODPEL SANMAR URTDIO

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotC1 Code Name

4.00 1.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 4.00

8 50 62 66 88 109 123

Allium tricoccum Galium aparine Hydrophyllum appendiculatum Impatiens capensis Podophyllum peltatum Smilacina racemosa Urtica dioica

ALLTRI GALAPA HYDAPP IMPCAP PODPEL SMIRAC URTDIO

26

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotC2 Code Name

3.00 3.00 5.00 3.00 3.00

2 17 63 66 123

Acer saccharum Boehmeria cylindrica Hydrophyllum canadense Impatiens capensis Urtica dioica

ACESAC BOECYL HYDCAN IMPCAP URTDIO

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotC3 Code Name

2.00 1.00 1.00 4.00 2.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 4.00

8 34 50 62 66 67 88 119 123

Allium tricoccum Cornus florida Galium aparine Hydrophyllum appendiculatum Impatiens capensis Isopyrum biternatum Podophyllum peltatum Tradescantia subaspera Urtica dioica

ALLTRI CORFLO GALAPA HYDAPP IMPCAP ISOBIT PODPEL TRASUB URTDIO

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotC4 Code Name

2.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 3.00 1.00

2 44 55 63 66 67 83 90 92 94 104 106 115 119 123 130

Acer saccharum Eupatorium sp.

Geranium maculatum Hydrophyllum canadense Impatiens capensis Isopyrum biternatum Parthenocissus quinquefolia Polygonum sp.

Polygonatum biflorum Prunus serotina Rubus sp.

Sanicula marilandica Taraxacum officinale Tradescantia subaspera Urtica dioica Viola sp.

ACESAC EUPSPP GERMAC HYDCAN IMPCAP ISOBIT PARQUI POLSPP POLBIF PRUSER RUBSPP SANMAR TAROFF TRASUB URTDIO VIOSPP

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotC5 Code Name

2.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 4.00

3 12 38 50 55 62 66 72 75 92 104 106 111 115 119 123

Actea alba Asarum canadense Cystopteris fragilis Galium aparine Geranium maculatum Hydrophyllum appendiculatum Impatiens capensis Liriodendron tulipifera Lonicera unknown 1 Polygonatum biflorum Rubus sp.

Sanicula marilandica Solidago sp.

Taraxacum officinale Tradescantia subaspera Urtica dioica

ACTALB ASACAN CYSFRA GALAPA GERMAC HYDAPP IMPCAP LIRTUL LONUNK POLBIF RUBSPP SANMAR SOLSPP TAROFF TRASUB URTDIO

27

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotC6 Code Name

3.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 3.00 4.00 1.00 2.00 2.00

2 13 20 38 44 50 55 59 62 66 67 83 88 90 92 106 119 122 123 130

Acer saccharum Asimina triloba Carex laxiflora Cystopteris fragilis Eupatorium sp.

Galium aparine Geranium maculatum Helianthus divaricatus Hydrophyllum appendiculatum Impatiens capensis Isopyrum biternatum Parthenocissus quinquefolia Podophyllum peltatum Polygonum sp.

Polygonatum biflorum Sanicula marilandica Tradescantia subaspera Ulmus sp.

Urtica dioica Viola sp.

ACESAC ASITRI CARLAX CYSFRA EUPSPP GALAPA GERMAC HELDIV HYDAPP IMPCAP ISOBIT PARQUI PODPEL POLSPP POLBIF SANMAR TRASUB ULMSPP URTDIO VIOSPP

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotC7 Code Name

1.00 3.00 1.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00

12 13 32 55 64 66 84 92 102 106 115 119 123 131

Asarum canadense Asimina triloba Cirsium sp.

Geranium maculatum Hydrophyllum macrophyllum Impatiens capensis Phacelia bipinnatifida Polygonatum biflorum Ribes cynosbati Sanicula marilandica Taraxacum officinale Tradescantia subaspera Urtica dioica Vitis sp.

ASACAN ASITRI CIRSPP GERMAC HYDMAC IMPCAP PHABIP POLBIF RIBCYN SANMAR TAROFF TRASUB URTDIO VITSPP

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotC8 Code Name

2.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00

2 8 20 38 50 55 59 60 64 66 67 72 83 88 92 100 102 104 106 111 115 119 130 131

Acer saccharum Allium tricoccum Carex laxiflora Cystopteris fragilis Galium aparine Geranium maculatum Helianthus divaricatus Hepatica americana Hydrophyllum macrophyllum Impatiens capensis Isopyrum biternatum Liriodendron tulipifera Parthenocissus quinquefolia Podophyllum peltatum Polygonatum biflorum Quercus sp.

Ribes cynosbati Rubus sp.

Sanicula marilandica Solidago sp.

Taraxacum officinale Tradescantia subaspera Viola sp.

Vitis sp.

ACESAC ALLTRI CARLAX CYSFRA GALAPA GERMAC HELDIV HEPAME HYDMAC IMPCAP ISOBIT LIRTUL PARQUI PODPEL POLBIF QUESPP RIBCYN RUBSPP SANMAR SOLSPP TAROFF TRASUB VIOSPP VITSPP

28

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotC9 Code Name

3.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 2.00

2 5 12 19 27 30 38 47 59 60 67 72 75 77 83 84 88 90 92 94 104 106 119 122 123 130

Acer saccharum Aesculus glabra Asarum canadense Cardamine concatenata Carya sp.

Cinna arundinacea Cystopteris fragilis Fraxinus quadrangulata Helianthus divaricatus Hepatica americana Isopyrum biternatum Liriodendron tulipifera Lonicera unknown 1 Medeola virginica Parthenocissus quinquefolia Phacelia bipinnatifida Podophyllum peltatum Polygonum sp.

Polygonatum biflorum Prunus serotina Rubus sp.

Sanicula marilandica Tradescantia subaspera Ulmus sp.

Urtica dioica Viola sp.

ACESAC AESGLA ASACAN CARCON CARSPP CINARU CYSFRA FRAQUA HELDIV HEPAME ISOBIT LIRTUL LONUNK MEDVIR PARQUI PHABIP PODPEL POLSPP POLBIF PRUSER RUBSPP SANMAR TRASUB ULMSPP URTDIO VIOSPP

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotD1 Code Name

4.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

2 11 21 29 64 68 83 92 94 105 111 131

Acer saccharum Arisaema triphyllum Carex spp.

Cercis canadensis Hydrophyllum macrophyllum Jeffersonia diphylla Parthenocissus quinquefolia Polygonatum biflorum Prunus serotina Sanguinaria canadensis Solidago sp.

Vitis sp.

ACESAC ARITRI CARSPP CERCAN HYDMAC JEFDIP PARQUI POLBIF PRUSER SANCAN SOLSPP VITSPP

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotD2 Code Name

2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 3.00 2.00 1.00

2 6 21 30 64 82 90 106 109 128

Acer saccharum Agrimonia parviflora Carex spp.

Cinna arundinacea Hydrophyllum macrophyllum Oxalis stricta Polygonum sp.

Sanicula marilandica Smilacina racemosa Viola sagittata

ACESAC AGRPAR CARSPP CINARU HYDMAC OXASTR POLSPP SANMAR SMIRAC VIOSAG

29

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotD3 Code Name

3.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

2 19 58 59 64 67 68 81 100 110 119

Acer saccharum Cardamine concatenata Helianthus decapetalus Helianthus divaricatus Hydrophyllum macrophyllum Isopyrum biternatum Jeffersonia diphylla Osmorhiza claytoni Quercus sp.

Smilax hispida Tradescantia subaspera

ACESAC CARCON HELDEC HELDIV HYDMAC ISOBIT JEFDIP OSMCLA QUESPP SMIHIS TRASUB

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotD4 Code Name

5.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 4.00 2.00 1.00

2 11 38 49 83 88 111 123

Acer saccharum Arisaema triphyllum Cystopteris fragilis Fraxinus sp.

Parthenocissus quinquefolia Podophyllum peltatum Solidago sp.

Urtica dioica

ACESAC ARITRI CYSFRA FRASPP PARQUI PODPEL SOLSPP URTDIO

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotD5 Code Name

3.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00

2 19 30 76 88 92 122

Acer saccharum Cardamine concatenata Cinna arundinacea Lysimachia lanceolata Podophyllum peltatum Polygonatum biflorum Ulmus sp.

ACESAC CARCON CINARU LYSLAN PODPEL POLBIF ULMSPP

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotD6 Code Name

3.00 1.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

2 19 88 93 100 105

Acer saccharum Cardamine concatenata Podophyllum peltatum Prenanthes altissima Quercus sp.

Sanguinaria canadensis

ACESAC CARCON PODPEL PREALT QUESPP SANCAN

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotD7 Code Name

4.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 2.00

2 19 36 49 82 92 111

Acer saccharum Cardamine concatenata Crataegus sp.

Fraxinus sp.

Oxalis stricta Polygonatum biflorum Solidago sp.

ACESAC CARCON CRASPP FRASPP OXASTR POLBIF SOLSPP

30

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotD8 Code Name

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

2 10 14 28 49 82 92 111 115

Acer saccharum Antennaria neglecta Aster species #1 Celtis occidentalis Fraxinus sp.

Oxalis stricta Polygonatum biflorum Solidago sp.

Taraxacum officinale

ACESAC ANTNEG ASTRSP CELOCC FRASPP OXASTR POLBIF SOLSPP TAROFF

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotD9 Code Name

1.00 1.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

2 20 21 49 51 65 67 82 93 108 109 130

Acer saccharum Carex laxiflora Carex spp.

Fraxinus sp.

Galium circaezans Hypericum punctatum Isopyrum biternatum Oxalis stricta Prenanthes altissima Senecio obovatus Smilacina racemosa Viola sp.

ACESAC CARLAX CARSPP FRASPP GALCIR HYPPUN ISOBIT OXASTR PREALT SENOBO SMIRAC VIOSPP

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotE1 Code Name

2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00

2 30 35 45 49 52 64 76 82 83 90 105 106 108 123 125

Acer saccharum Cinna arundinacea Cornus sericea Fagus grandifolia Fraxinus sp.

Galium tinctorium Hydrophyllum macrophyllum Lysimachia lanceolata Oxalis stricta Parthenocissus quinquefolia Polygonum sp.

Sanguinaria canadensis Sanicula marilandica Senecio obovatus Urtica dioica Uvularia grandiflora

ACESAC CINARU CORSER FAGGRA FRASPP GALTIN HYDMAC LYSLAN OXASTR PARQUI POLSPP SANCAN SANMAR SENOBO URTDIO UVUPER

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotE2 Code Name

1.00 1.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00

11 17 21 27 49 52 59 67 71 83 92 104 108 130

Arisaema triphyllum Boehmeria cylindrica Carex spp.

Carya sp.

Fraxinus sp.

Galium tinctorium Helianthus divaricatus Isopyrum biternatum Lindera benzoin Parthenocissus quinquefolia Polygonatum biflorum Rubus sp.

Senecio obovatus Viola sp.

ARITRI BOECYL CARSPP CARSPP FRASPP GALTIN HELDIV ISOBIT LINBEN PARQUI POLBIF RUBSPP SENOBO VIOSPP

31

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotE3 Code Name

3.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00

2 12 21 45 49 76 83 88 104 113 130

Acer saccharum Asarum canadense Carex spp.

Fagus grandifolia Fraxinus sp.

Lysimachia lanceolata Parthenocissus quinquefolia Podophyllum peltatum Rubus sp.

Stellaria pubera Viola sp.

ACESAC ASACAN CARSPP FAGGRA FRASPP LYSLAN PARQUI PODPEL RUBSPP STEPUB VIOSPP

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotE4 Code Name

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00

2 3 11 17 49 64 67 76 83 104 118 131

Acer saccharum Actea alba Arisaema triphyllum Boehmeria cylindrica Fraxinus sp.

Hydrophyllum macrophyllum Isopyrum biternatum Lysimachia lanceolata Parthenocissus quinquefolia Rubus sp.

Toxicodendron radicans Vitis sp.

ACESAC ACTALB ARITRI BOECYL FRASPP HYDMAC ISOBIT LYSLAN PARQUI RUBSPP TOXRAD VITSPP

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotE5 Code Name

2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

12 20 21 22 27 34 58 71 83 86 88 92 106 111 118 130 131

Asarum canadense Carex laxiflora Carex spp.

Carpinus caroliniana Carya sp.

Cornus florida Helianthus decapetalus Lindera benzoin Parthenocissus quinquefolia Phlox divaricata Podophyllum peltatum Polygonatum biflorum Sanicula marilandica Solidago sp.

Toxicodendron radicans Viola sp.

Vitis sp.

ASACAN CARLAX CARSPP CARCAR CARSPP CORFLO HELDEC LINBEN PARQUI PHLDIV PODPEL POLBIF SANMAR SOLSPP TOXRAD VIOSPP VITSPP

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotE6 Code Name

2.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 2.00

11 12 14 17 45 49 53 55 56 71 82 83 91 106 130 131

Arisaema triphyllum Asarum canadense Aster species #1 Boehmeria cylindrica Fagus grandifolia Fraxinus sp.

Galium triflorum Geranium maculatum Geum canadense Lindera benzoin Oxalis stricta Parthenocissus quinquefolia Plygonum virginianum Sanicula marilandica Viola sp.

Vitis sp.

ARITRI ASACAN ASTRSP BOECYL FAGGRA FRASPP GALTRI GERMAC GEUCAN LINBEN OXASTR PARQUI POLVIR SANMAR VIOSPP VITSPP

32

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotE7 Code Name

4.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 1.00

17 21 49 67 83 91 92 111 118 123 130

Boehmeria cylindrica Carex spp.

Fraxinus sp.

Isopyrum biternatum Parthenocissus quinquefolia Plygonum virginianum Polygonatum biflorum Solidago sp.

Toxicodendron radicans Urtica dioica Viola sp.

BOECYL CARSPP FRASPP ISOBIT PARQUI POLVIR POLBIF SOLSPP TOXRAD URTDIO VIOSPP

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotE8 Code Name

1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 1.00

2 11 27 38 64 84 92 106 120 130

Acer saccharum Arisaema triphyllum Carya sp.

Cystopteris fragilis Hydrophyllum macrophyllum Phacelia bipinnatifida Polygonatum biflorum Sanicula marilandica Trillium recurvatum Viola sp.

ACESAC ARITRI CARSPP CYSFRA HYDMAC PHABIP POLBIF SANMAR TRIREC VIOSPP

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotE9 Code Name

1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 4.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 1.00

3 12 17 44 64 71 91 92 106 123 130

Actea alba Asarum canadense Boehmeria cylindrica Eupatorium sp.

Hydrophyllum macrophyllum Lindera benzoin Plygonum virginianum Polygonatum biflorum Sanicula marilandica Urtica dioica Viola sp.

ACTALB ASACAN BOECYL EUPSPP HYDMAC LINBEN POLVIR POLBIF SANMAR URTDIO VIOSPP

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotF1 Code Name

1.00 1.00 4.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 2.00

18 20 49 76 83 91 104 105 106 111 123 130

Botrychium sp.

Carex laxiflora Fraxinus sp.

Lysimachia lanceolata Parthenocissus quinquefolia Plygonum virginianum Rubus sp.

Sanguinaria canadensis Sanicula marilandica Solidago sp.

Urtica dioica Viola sp.

BOTSPP CARLAX FRASPP LYSLAN PARQUI POLVIR RUBSPP SANCAN SANMAR SOLSPP URTDIO VIOSPP

33

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotF2 Code Name

1.00 1.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

2 11 17 27 29 49 56 76 82 83 122 130

Acer saccharum Arisaema triphyllum Boehmeria cylindrica Carya sp.

Cercis canadensis Fraxinus sp.

Geum canadense Lysimachia lanceolata Oxalis stricta Parthenocissus quinquefolia Ulmus sp.

Viola sp.

ACESAC ARITRI BOECYL CARSPP CERCAN FRASPP GEUCAN LYSLAN OXASTR PARQUI ULMSPP VIOSPP

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotF3 Code Name

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 3.00

2 21 28 76 83 86 88

Acer saccharum Carex spp.

Celtis occidentalis Lysimachia lanceolata Parthenocissus quinquefolia Phlox divaricata Podophyllum peltatum

ACESAC CARSPP CELOCC LYSLAN PARQUI PHLDIV PODPEL

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotF4 Code Name

2.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

2 20 45 49 51 56 59 76 88 94 102 113 122 130

Acer saccharum Carex laxiflora Fagus grandifolia Fraxinus sp.

Galium circaezans Geum canadense Helianthus divaricatus Lysimachia lanceolata Podophyllum peltatum Prunus serotina Ribes cynosbati Stellaria pubera Ulmus sp.

Viola sp.

ACESAC CARLAX FAGGRA FRASPP GALCIR GEUCAN HELDIV LYSLAN PODPEL PRUSER RIBCYN STEPUB ULMSPP VIOSPP

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotF5 Code Name

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

2 11 21 34 76 83 88 92 94 100 113

Acer saccharum Arisaema triphyllum Carex spp.

Cornus florida Lysimachia lanceolata Parthenocissus quinquefolia Podophyllum peltatum Polygonatum biflorum Prunus serotina Quercus sp.

Stellaria pubera

ACESAC ARITRI CARSPP CORFLO LYSLAN PARQUI PODPEL POLBIF PRUSER QUESPP STEPUB

34

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotF6 Code Name

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 2.00

2 11 27 28 51 59 83 88 91 103 106 118 130

Acer saccharum Arisaema triphyllum Carya sp.

Celtis occidentalis Galium circaezans Helianthus divaricatus Parthenocissus quinquefolia Podophyllum peltatum Plygonum virginianum Rosa sp.

Sanicula marilandica Toxicodendron radicans Viola sp.

ACESAC ARITRI CARSPP CELOCC GALCIR HELDIV PARQUI PODPEL POLVIR ROSSPP SANMAR TOXRAD VIOSPP

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotF7 Code Name

1.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 3.00 1.00

2 45 49 71 83 88 106 130

Acer saccharum Fagus grandifolia Fraxinus sp.

Lindera benzoin Parthenocissus quinquefolia Podophyllum peltatum Sanicula marilandica Viola sp.

ACESAC FAGGRA FRASPP LINBEN PARQUI PODPEL SANMAR VIOSPP

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotF8 Code Name

2.00 1.00 1.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 1.00

2 17 19 49 52 76 81 83 88 91 111 113 130 131

Acer saccharum Boehmeria cylindrica Cardamine concatenata Fraxinus sp.

Galium tinctorium Lysimachia lanceolata Osmorhiza claytoni Parthenocissus quinquefolia Podophyllum peltatum Plygonum virginianum Solidago sp.

Stellaria pubera Viola sp.

Vitis sp.

ACESAC BOECYL CARCON FRASPP GALTIN LYSLAN OSMCLA PARQUI PODPEL POLVIR SOLSPP STEPUB VIOSPP VITSPP

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotF9 Code Name

2.00 1.00 1.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

2 18 34 49 51 76 83 88 94 113 130

Acer saccharum Botrychium sp.

Cornus florida Fraxinus sp.

Galium circaezans Lysimachia lanceolata Parthenocissus quinquefolia Podophyllum peltatum Prunus serotina Stellaria pubera Viola sp.

ACESAC BOTSPP CORFLO FRASPP GALCIR LYSLAN PARQUI PODPEL PRUSER STEPUB VIOSPP

35

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotG1 Code Name

3.00 1.00 1.00 3.00 4.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00

2 5 12 17 38 67 81 83 106 123

Acer saccharum Aesculus glabra Asarum canadense Boehmeria cylindrica Cystopteris fragilis Isopyrum biternatum Osmorhiza claytoni Parthenocissus quinquefolia Sanicula marilandica Urtica dioica

ACESAC AESGLA ASACAN BOECYL CYSFRA ISOBIT OSMCLA PARQUI SANMAR URTDIO

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotG2 Code Name

2.00 3.00 2.00 4.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 3.00

12 55 67 71 81 92 106 119 123

Asarum canadense Geranium maculatum Isopyrum biternatum Lindera benzoin Osmorhiza claytoni Polygonatum biflorum Sanicula marilandica Tradescantia subaspera Urtica dioica

ASACAN GERMAC ISOBIT LINBEN OSMCLA POLBIF SANMAR TRASUB URTDIO

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotG3 Code Name

1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00

2 11 12 20 30 38 51 64 66 67 71 92 106 119

Acer saccharum Arisaema triphyllum Asarum canadense Carex laxiflora Cinna arundinacea Cystopteris fragilis Galium circaezans Hydrophyllum macrophyllum Impatiens capensis Isopyrum biternatum Lindera benzoin Polygonatum biflorum Sanicula marilandica Tradescantia subaspera

ACESAC ARITRI ASACAN CARLAX CINARU CYSFRA GALCIR HYDMAC IMPCAP ISOBIT LINBEN POLBIF SANMAR TRASUB

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotG4 Code Name

1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 3.00 2.00

2 12 21 38 49 51 64 67 71 76 81 83 88 130

Acer saccharum Asarum canadense Carex spp.

Cystopteris fragilis Fraxinus sp.

Galium circaezans Hydrophyllum macrophyllum Isopyrum biternatum Lindera benzoin Lysimachia lanceolata Osmorhiza claytoni Parthenocissus quinquefolia Podophyllum peltatum Viola sp.

ACESAC ASACAN CARSPP CYSFRA FRASPP GALCIR HYDMAC ISOBIT LINBEN LYSLAN OSMCLA PARQUI PODPEL VIOSPP

36

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotG5 Code Name

2.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 2.00

2 11 12 19 20 27 28 38 49 67 76 91 106 130

Acer saccharum Arisaema triphyllum Asarum canadense Cardamine concatenata Carex laxiflora Carya sp.

Celtis occidentalis Cystopteris fragilis Fraxinus sp.

Isopyrum biternatum Lysimachia lanceolata Polygonum virginianum Sanicula marilandica Viola sp.

ACESAC ARITRI ASACAN CARCON CARLAX CARSPP CELOCC CYSFRA FRASPP ISOBIT LYSLAN POLVIR SANMAR VIOSPP

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotG6 Code Name

2.00 1.00 1.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 1.00

2 11 19 49 50 67 81 86 89 92 105 106 119 123 130

Acer saccharum Arisaema triphyllum Cardamine concatenata Fraxinus sp.

Galium aparine Isopyrum biternatum Osmorhiza claytoni Phlox divaricata Polemonium reptans Polygonatum biflorum Sanguinaria canadensis Sanicula marilandica Tradescantia subaspera Urtica dioica Viola sp.

ACESAC ARITRI CARCON FRASPP GALAPA ISOBIT OSMCLA PHLDIV POLREP POLBIF SANCAN SANMAR TRASUB URTDIO VIOSPP

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotG7 Code Name

1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 4.00 2.00

2 12 38 64 66 71 88 92 123 130

Acer saccharum Asarum canadense Cystopteris fragilis Hydrophyllum macrophyllum Impatiens capensis Lindera benzoin Podophyllum peltatum Polygonatum biflorum Urtica dioica Viola sp.

ACESAC ASACAN CYSFRA HYDMAC IMPCAP LINBEN PODPEL POLBIF URTDIO VIOSPP

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotG8 Code Name

2.00 3.00 1.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 3.00 3.00 2.00

2 12 38 49 50 71 83 84 88 102 106

Acer saccharum Asarum canadense Cystopteris fragilis Fraxinus sp.

Galium aparine Lindera benzoin Parthenocissus quinquefolia Phacelia bipinnatifida Podophyllum peltatum Ribes cynosbati Sanicula marilandica

ACESAC ASACAN CYSFRA FRASPP GALAPA LINBEN PARQUI PHABIP PODPEL RIBCYN SANMAR

37

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotG9 Code Name

3.00 4.00 2.00 1.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 4.00 2.00

12 13 19 21 38 49 50 66 67 83 84 86 92 106 110 112 130

Asarum canadense Asimina triloba Cardamine concatenata Carex spp.

Cystopteris fragilis Fraxinus sp.

Galium aparine Impatiens capensis Isopyrum biternatum Parthenocissus quinquefolia Phacelia bipinnatifida Phlox divaricata Polygonatum biflorum Sanicula marilandica Smilax hispida Staphylea trifolia Viola sp.

ASACAN ASITRI CARCON CARSPP CYSFRA FRASPP GALAPA IMPCAP ISOBIT PARQUI PHABIP PHLDIV POLBIF SANMAR SMIHIS STATRI VIOSPP

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotH1 Code Name

3.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

2 11 12 15 17 56 83 91 92 106 123

Acer saccharum Arisaema triphyllum Asarum canadense Eupatorium rugosum Boehmeria cylindrica Geum canadense Parthenocissus quinquefolia Plygonum virginianum Polygonatum biflorum Sanicula marilandica Urtica dioica

ACESAC ARITRI ASACAN EUPRUG BOECYL GEUCAN PARQUI POLVIR POLBIF SANMAR URTDIO

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotH2 Code Name

2.00 2.00 1.00 4.00 2.00 2.00 3.00 1.00

14 15 21 63 67 92 106 131

Aster species #1 Eupatorium rugosum Carex spp.

Hydrophyllum canadense Isopyrum biternatum Polygonatum biflorum Sanicula marilandica Vitis sp.

ASTRSP EUPRUG CARSPP HYDCAN ISOBIT POLBIF SANMAR VITSPP

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotH3 Code Name

2.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 5.00 2.00 2.00

11 12 14 15 50 63 66 88

Arisaema triphyllum Asarum canadense Aster species #1 Eupatorium rugosum Galium aparine Hydrophyllum canadense Impatiens capensis Podophyllum peltatum

ARITRI ASACAN ASTRSP EUPRUG GALAPA HYDCAN IMPCAP PODPEL

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotH4 Code Name

4.00 2.00

63 123

Hydrophyllum canadense Urtica dioica

HYDCAN URTDIO

38

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotH5 Code Name

3.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 3.00

2 3 12 15 63 66 67 83 93 106

Acer saccharum Actea alba Asarum canadense Eupatorium rugosum Hydrophyllum canadense Impatiens capensis Isopyrum biternatum Parthenocissus quinquefolia Prenanthes altissima Sanicula marilandica

ACESAC ACTALB ASACAN EUPRUG HYDCAN IMPCAP ISOBIT PARQUI PREALT SANMAR

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotH6 Code Name

3.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00

12 17 30 62 63 64 66 83 88 106 119 123

Asarum canadense Boehmeria cylindrica Cinna arundinacea Hydrophyllum appendiculatum Hydrophyllum canadense Hydrophyllum macrophyllum Impatiens capensis Parthenocissus quinquefolia Podophyllum peltatum Sanicula marilandica Tradescantia subaspera Urtica dioica

ASACAN BOECYL CINARU HYDAPP HYDCAN HYDMAC IMPCAP PARQUI PODPEL SANMAR TRASUB URTDIO

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotH7 Code Name

2.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00

11 20 21 55 59 64 67 83 92 100 106 110 119 125 130

Arisaema triphyllum Carex laxiflora Carex spp.

Geranium maculatum Helianthus divaricatus Hydrophyllum macrophyllum Isopyrum biternatum Parthenocissus quinquefolia Polygonatum biflorum Quercus sp.

Sanicula marilandica Smilax hispida Tradescantia subaspera Uvularia grandiflora Viola sp.

ARITRI CARLAX CARSPP GERMAC HELDIV HYDMAC ISOBIT PARQUI POLBIF QUESPP SANMAR SMIHIS TRASUB UVUPER VIOSPP

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotH8 Code Name

2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 3.00 2.00

2 11 15 17 21 30 38 59 64 92 106 119

Acer saccharum Arisaema triphyllum Eupatorium rugosum Boehmeria cylindrica Carex spp.

Cinna arundinacea Cystopteris fragilis Helianthus divaricatus Hydrophyllum macrophyllum Polygonatum biflorum Sanicula marilandica Tradescantia subaspera

ACESAC ARITRI EUPRUG BOECYL CARSPP CINARU CYSFRA HELDIV HYDMAC POLBIF SANMAR TRASUB

39

Value

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotH9 Code Name

3.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

2 11 12 17 21 30 49 55 59 78 83 89 92 106 111 119 131

Acer saccharum Arisaema triphyllum Asarum canadense Boehmeria cylindrica Carex spp.

Cinna arundinacea Fraxinus sp.

Geranium maculatum Helianthus divaricatus Menispermum canadense Parthenocissus quinquefolia Polemonium reptans Polygonatum biflorum Sanicula marilandica Solidago sp.

Tradescantia subaspera Vitis sp.

ACESAC ARITRI ASACAN BOECYL CARSPP CINARU FRASPP GERMAC HELDIV MENCAN PARQUI POLREP POLBIF SANMAR SOLSPP TRASUB VITSPP

Total number of species occurrences in data =

877

40

Tree-layer data by plot for Eagle’s Crest

BA(sq.dm) .0 .0 19.2 1.0

BA(sq.dm) .0 .0 .0 .0 .6 .7

BA(sq.dm) .7 .7 3.0

BA(sq.dm) .0 1.9 4.8 1.2 4.7 4.3 5.8

BA(sq.dm) 4.5 1.0 2.2 .2 .3 2.9

BA(sq.dm) 3.4 2.3 1.0 3.4 .0

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotA1 Code Name

1.4 1.8 49.5 11.2

4 23 2 2

Asimina triloba Lindera benzoin Acer saccharum Acer saccharum

ASITRI LINBEN ACESAC ACESAC

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotA2 Code Name

4 4 23 23 2 2

Asimina triloba Asimina triloba Lindera benzoin Lindera benzoin Acer saccharum Acer saccharum

ASITRI ASITRI LINBEN LINBEN ACESAC ACESAC

Code

Species

1.4 2.0 1.3 1.1 9.0 9.1

DBH(cm) 9.1 9.5 19.7

2 2 2

Sample unit: PlotA3 Code Name

Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum

ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotA4 Code Name

2.4 15.4 24.6 12.6 24.4 23.5 27.2

37 2 2 2 2 2 2

Vitis Acer Acer Acer Acer Acer Acer

VITVUL ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotA5 Code Name

24.0 11.0 16.8 5.6 6.6 19.1

26 2 2 2 2 35

Prunus serotina Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Tilia americana

PRUSER ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC TILAME

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotA6 Code Name

20.7 17.2 11.2 20.8 2.4

26 9 2 2 2

Prunus serotina Carya ovata Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum

PRUSER CAROVA ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC

vulpina saccharum saccharum saccharum saccharum saccharum saccharum

41

BA(sq.dm) .2 16.8 .1 .1 6.5 37.6

BA(sq.dm) 22.9 2.0 .3 31.7

BA(sq.dm) 1.4 .8 52.8

BA(sq.dm) .0 .0 .0 4.2 .1 .2 .7

BA(sq.dm) 7.5 11.5 .0 .1 .0 .1 .1 12.0

BA(sq.dm) .0 .1 2.7 .2 .3 10.5

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotA7 Code Name

5.4 46.3 3.4 3.4 28.8 69.2

36 2 2 2 2 27

Ulmus rubra Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Quercus alba

ULMRUB ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC QUEALB

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotA8 Code Name

54.0 15.8 6.6 63.5

17 2 2 27

Fagus grandifolia Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Quercus alba

FAGGRA ACESAC ACESAC QUEALB

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotA9 Code Name

13.4 9.8 82.0

2 2 19

Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Fraxinus pennsylvanica FRAPEN

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

1.3 1.3 1.4 23.2 4.0 5.1 9.3

20 20 26 36 2 2 1

Fraxinus quadrangulata FRAQUA Fraxinus quadrangulata FRAQUA Prunus serotina PRUSER Ulmus rubra ULMRUB Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer negundo ACENEG

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotB2 Code Name

31.0 38.3 2.0 4.2 2.3 2.8 2.7 39.1

17 17 2 2 2 2 2 11

Fagus grandifolia Fagus grandifolia Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Celtis occidentalis

FAGGRA FAGGRA ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC CELOCC

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotB3 Code Name

1.9 3.1 18.4 5.0 5.9 36.5

2 2 2 5 5 6

Sample unit: PlotB1 Code Name

Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharu ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Carpinus caroliniana CARCAR Carpinus caroliniana CARCAR Carya cordiformis CARCOR

42

BA(sq.dm) .0 1.0 .1 .0 4.6 .1 49.6 59.9

BA(sq.dm) 1 .1 .1 .6 .1 .0 .1 .0 5.5 .1 22.9

BA(sq.dm) 10.1 .0 .0 1.3 3.9

BA(sq.dm) .0 .0 .1 .1 .2 .1 .3 .1 .1 .3 .1 .3 .3 .1 20.2

Sample unit: PlotB4 Code Name

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

1.2 11.3 2.8 2.4 24.3 2.8 79.5 87.3

20 20 36 13 13 2 30 25

Fraxinus quadrangulata FRAQUA Fraxinus quadrangulata FRAQUA Ulmus rubra ULMRUB Cornus florida CORFLO Cornus florida CORFLO Acer saccharum ACESAC Quercus rubra QUERUB Platanus occidentalisPLAOCC

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

3.8 3.1 3.3 8.4 3.5 2.4 3.2 2.2 26.5 2.6 54.0

20 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 30

Fraxinus quadrangulata FRAQUA Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Quercus rubra QUERUB

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotB6 Code Name

6 17 2 2 2

Carya cordiformis Fagus grandifolia Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum

CARCOR FAGGRA ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotB7 Code Name

2.2 1.9 2.7 3.2 5.4 3.4 5.9 3.0 3.6 5.7 4.3 6.5 6.1 3.0 50.7

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 11 30

Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Celtis occidentalis Quercus rubra

ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC CELOCC QUERUB

35.8 2.0 1.6 13.0 22.3

Sample unit: PlotB5 Code Name

43

BA(sq.dm) .0 .1 .0 .0 .0 .2 .1

BA(sq.dm) .0 .0 53.5 .0 .2 .2 .1

BA(sq.dm) .0 .0 .8 1.6 .0

BA(sq.dm) .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .2 .2

BA(sq.dm) 4.3 .1 .1 .2 .1 .0 .1 .1 .2

BA(sq.dm) 32.2 .0 13.2

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotB8 Code Name

23 2 2 2 2 2 2

Lindera benzoin Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer sacchar

LINBEN ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotB9 Code Name

1.1 1.0 82.5 1.0 5.4 4.7 2.8

20 20 17 4 2 2 2

Fraxinus quadrangulata FRAQUA Fraxinus quadrangulata FRAQUA Fagus grandifolia FAGGRA Asimina triloba ASITRI Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

1.1 1.6 10.0 14.3 1.3

23 23 2 2 24

Lindera benzoin LINBEN Lindera benzoin LINBEN Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Liriodendron tulipifera LIRTUL

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotC2 Code Name

1.7 1.3 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.2 5.1 4.4

23 23 23 23 23 23 2 6

Lindera benzoin Lindera benzoin Lindera benzoin Lindera benzoin Lindera benzoin Lindera benzoin Acer saccharum Carya cordiformis

LINBEN LINBEN LINBEN LINBEN LINBEN LINBEN ACESAC CARCOR

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotC3 Code Name

Acer Acer Acer Acer Acer Acer Acer Acer Acer

ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC

DBH(cm) 1.1 3.6 1.7 2.4 2.0 4.6 2.7

23.5 3.9 3.7 4.8 3.0 1.3 2.6 4.0 5.2

DBH(cm) 64.0 1.7 41.0

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Code 2 2 2

Sample unit: PlotC1 Code Name

saccharum saccharum saccharum saccharum saccharum saccharum saccharum saccharum saccharum

Species

Sample unit: PlotC4 Code Name

Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum

ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC

44

BA(sq.dm) .0 .3

BA(sq.dm) .9 .0 .1 .4 1.2 .2 .1 .1 3.6 3.1

BA(sq.dm) .0 .1 .0 .0 .0 .0 1.2

BA(sq.dm) 1.3 .4 .1 5.7 .4

BA(sq.dm) .3 3.7 .0 .1 .6 .0 .0 .0 .0 .1 .1 .1 .0 .0

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotC5 Code Name

23 2

Lindera benzoin Acer saccharum

LINBEN ACESAC

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotC6 Code Name

10.9 2.2 3.7 6.7 12.6 4.8 3.3 2.6 21.3 19.9

36 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 29 29

Ulmus rubra Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Quercus prinus Quercus prinus

ULMRUB ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC QUEPRI QUEPRI

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotC7 Code Name

Asimina triloba Asimina triloba Asimina triloba Asimina triloba Asimina triloba Asimina triloba Acer saccharum

ASITRI ASITRI ASITRI ASITRI ASITRI ASITRI ACESAC

Species

Sample unit: PlotC8 Code Name

Acer Acer Acer Acer Acer

ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC

DBH(cm) 1.4 5.9

1.7 2.8 2.4 2.4 2.0 1.6 12.2

DBH(cm) 13.1 7.2 3.8 27.0 7.2

4 4 4 4 4 4 2

Code 2 2 2 2 2

saccharum saccharum saccharum saccharum saccharum

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotC9 Code Name

6.5 21.8 2.2 4.2 8.9 1.3 1.8 1.5 2.5 3.1 2.9 3.7 1.0 2.1

26 29 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 11 7

Prunus serotina Quercus prinus Asimina triloba Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Celtis occidentalis Carya glabra

PRUSER QUEPRI ASITRI ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC CELOCC CARGLA

45

BA(sq.dm) .0 .3 .0 .3 .0 .0 5.5 30.4 2.3

BA(sq.dm) .2 .2 .1 .1 .0 .1 .0 .0 .1 .1 .1 .0 .0 .1 .0 1.7 10.5

BA(sq.dm) 1.5 .4 .4 .1 .0 .1 .0 .1 .0 .0 .3 .1 .0

BA(sq.dm) 2.3 5.9 2.7 .1 .1 .1 .0

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotD1 Code Name

2.4 6.2 1.4 5.7 2.2 1.2 26.4 62.2 17.1

12 2 2 2 2 2 27 35 7

Cercis canadensis Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Quercus alba Tilia americana Carya glabra

CERCAN ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC QUEALB TILAME CARGLA

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotD2 Code Name

5.1 5.5 3.1 3.0 1.4 2.8 1.8 1.5 3.5 3.0 2.6 1.4 2.0 3.2 1.7 14.8 36.5

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 11 29 27

Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Celtis occidentalis Quercus prinus Quercus alba

ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC CELOCC QUEPRI QUEALB

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotD3 Code Name

14.0 7.3 7.1 3.4 1.5 3.5 2.4 2.9 2.1 1.3 5.7 3.2 1.7

29 12 13 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3

Quercus prinus Cercis canadensis Cornus florida Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Aesculus glabra

QUEPRI CERCAN CORFLO ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC AESGLA

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotD4 Code Name

Acer Acer Acer Acer Acer Acer Acer

ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC

17.0 27.4 18.5 4.1 3.0 3.2 2.5

2 2 2 2 2 2 2

saccharum saccharum saccharum saccharum saccharum saccharum saccharum

46

BA(sq.dm) .0 .1 .1 .2 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .7 .0 .5 .0 3.6 .0 .3 .0 .0 .1 .6 .0 .3 .5 5.3 16.8 33.2

BA(sq.dm) 19.2 3.8 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .2 .1 .0 .1 .0 .2 .2 .9 .3 .1 .2 .3 .2 .0 .1 .0 3.4 5.2

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotD5 Code Name

1.7 4.0 3.7 5.6 1.6 1.8 2.5 1.9 1.0 1.4 9.6 1.1 8.0 1.0 21.4 1.3 6.3 1.4 1.9 2.8 8.5 1.3 6.0 7.7 26.0 46.2 65.0

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 29 30 31

Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Quercus prinus Quercus rubra Quercus velutina

ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC QUEPRI QUERUB QUEVEL

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotD6 Code Name

49.4 21.9 1.0 1.5 2.0 1.7 2.1 4.9 2.8 1.5 2.9 1.3 4.4 5.4 10.5 5.8 3.8 5.4 6.6 5.6 1.7 3.3 1.8 20.7 25.8

30 7 20 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 29 29

Quercus rubra QUERUB Carya glabra CARGLA Fraxinus quadrangulata FRAQUA Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Quercus prinus QUEPRI Quercus prinus QUEPRI

47

BA(sq.dm) .3 .3 .2 .1 .2

BA(sq.dm) .0 .1 3.5 .0 .1 .2 .0 .8 .1 .1 16.3

BA(sq.dm) 1.1 38.5 3.9 .0

BA(sq.dm) 2.1 .1 .4 .4 .0 .0 .2 1.3 .0 .1 .1 .5 15.5

BA(sq.dm) .1 .3 .1 4.6 .0 3.5 .7 .0 .0 .3 3.5 38.5 3.6

DBH(cm) 6.6 6.2 4.9 2.9 5.5

Code 2 2 2 2 2

Species

Sample unit: PlotD7 Code Name

Acer Acer Acer Acer Acer

ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC

saccharum saccharum saccharum saccharum saccharum

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotD8 Code Name

1.5 3.3 21.0 2.1 3.4 4.4 1.3 10.2 3.3 3.7 45.5

17 13 9 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 31

Fagus grandifolia Cornus florida Carya ovata Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Quercus velutina

FAGGRA CORFLO CAROVA ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC QUEVEL

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotD9 Code Name

12.0 70.0 22.2 1.0

13 27 28 11

Cornus florida Quercus alba Quercus macrocarpa Celtis occidentalis

CORFLO QUEALB QUEMAC CELOCC

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotE1 Code Name

16.2 4.0 7.0 7.5 2.1 2.1 5.2 12.8 2.1 3.5 2.8 8.3 44.4

36 36 36 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 27

Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Quercus alba

ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC QUEALB

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotE2 Code Name

3.5 6.6 4.0 24.3 1.2 21.1 9.4 2.0 2.4 6.3 21.1 70.0 21.3

36 36 36 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 29 29 7

Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Quercus prinus Quercus prinus Carya glabra

ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC QUEPRI QUEPRI CARGLA

48

BA(sq.dm) .0 .2 .1 .0 2.1 .0 .3 .1 .2 1.8 .1 .0 36.5

BA(sq.dm) 3.9 .0 .1 .1 .2 1.6 .2 4.8

BA(sq.dm) .2 .4 .2 .2 .1 .3 .7 .4 .1 53.7 .3 .1

BA(sq.dm) .4

Sample unit: PlotE3 Code Name

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

1.3 4.4 3.0 2.2 16.5 2.2 6.1 4.0 5.0 15.1 3.4 2.3 68.2

17 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 24

Fagus grandifolia FAGGRA Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Liriodendron tulipifera LIRTUL

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotE4 Code Name

22.3 1.6 2.7 3.1 4.4 14.3 4.9 24.8

17 23 2 2 2 2 2 31

Fagus grandifolia Lindera benzoin Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Quercus velutina

FAGGRA LINBEN ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC QUEVEL

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotE5 Code Name

4.4 6.8 4.6 5.1 3.8 6.0 9.4 6.8 3.6 82.7 6.4 3.3

36 13 13 13 2 2 2 2 2 30 5 5

Ulmus rubra ULMRUB Cornus florida CORFLO Cornus florida CORFLO Cornus florida CORFLO Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Quercus rubra QUERUB Carpinus caroliniana CARCAR Carpinus caroliniana CARCAR

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotE6 Code Name

Acer saccharum

ACESAC

7.3

2

49

Sample unit: PlotE7 Code Name

BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

.2 .4 .1 .1 .1 .1 .3 .1 .3 .8 .8 .1 .0 .1 .0 .0 .0 25.1 .4

4.6 7.4 2.8 3.0 2.9 2.6 6.5 3.4 6.3 10.0 9.9 4.3 1.5 3.5 2.4 1.2 1.6 56.5 6.8

13 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 27 5

Cornus florida CORFLO Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Quercus alba QUEALB Carpinus caroliniana CARCAR

BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotE8 Code Name

11.3 62.2 3.5 8.2 23.2 7.5 13.9 2.4 6.8 3.0 2.0 5.9 3.7 31.7

8 18 17 36 9 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 7

Carya laciniosa Fraxinus americana Fagus grandifolia Ulmus rubra Carya ovata Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Carya glabra

CARLAC FRAAME FAGGRA ULMRUB CAROVA ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC CARGLA

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotE9 Code Name

62.7 2.8 19.0

26 2 2

Prunus serotina Acer saccharum Acer saccharum

PRUSER ACESAC ACESAC

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotF1 Code Name

1.5 2.8 2.1 2.8 5.9 2.3 18.1 1.9 2.9 67.2

20 26 26 26 36 2 2 11 11 35

Fraxinus quadrangulata FRAQUA Prunus serotina PRUSER Prunus serotina PRUSER Prunus serotina PRUSER Ulmus rubra ULMRUB Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Celtis occidentalis CELOCC Celtis occidentalis CELOCC Tilia americana TILAME

1.0 30.4 .1 .5 4.2 .4 1.5 .0 .4 .1 .0 .3 .1 7.9

BA(sq.dm) 30.9 .1 2.8

BA(sq.dm) .0 .1 .0 .1 .3 .0 2.6 .0 .1 35.5

50

BA(sq.dm) .3 .1 .4 .1 .4 .3 .5 .2 .3 .1 .8

BA(sq.dm) .1 .1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .7 .1 .0 .0 .0 .1 .4 .1 .3 .1 .0 .0 .3 .1 .0 .1 .2 .0 .3

BA(sq.dm) .1 .0 .0 .1 .1 4.2 .0

BA(sq.dm) .0 .6 .5 .3 .1 .6 .0 .2 .0 .0

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotF2 Code Name

6.3 3.7 6.7 2.9 7.0 5.9 8.1 4.4 5.9 3.8 10.0

36 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Ulmus rubra Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum

ULMRUB ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotF3 Code Name

4.1 3.5 2.1 2.2 2.5 1.9 9.3 3.2 1.4 1.9 2.5 4.1 7.0 3.3 5.9 2.9 1.6 1.9 6.0 3.2 1.9 2.7 4.5 1.4 6.1

35 17 26 36 36 36 36 13 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 7

Tilia americana Fagus grandifolia Prunus serotina Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Cornus florida Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Carya glabra

TILAME FAGGRA PRUSER ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB CORFLO ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC CARGLA

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotF4 Code Name

3.7 2.1 2.5 3.2 3.8 23.0 1.4

26 26 13 13 13 2 2

Prunus serotina Prunus serotina Cornus florida Cornus florida Cornus florida Acer saccharum Acer saccharum

PRUSER PRUSER CORFLO CORFLO CORFLO ACESAC ACESAC

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotF5 Code Name

17 13 13 13 13 2 2 2 2 2

Fagus grandifolia Cornus florida Cornus florida Cornus florida Cornus florida Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum

FAGGRA CORFLO CORFLO CORFLO CORFLO ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC

2.3 9.0 8.1 6.1 2.6 8.6 1.7 5.0 1.9 2.0

51

BA(sq.dm) 2.7 2.0 1.0 .0 .4 .1 .2 .4 .0 .0 .2 .1 .2 .1 .2 .6 .1

BA(sq.dm) .0 .2 30.2 .0

BA(sq.dm) .0 .0 .0 .5 .3 7.4 .2 .0 .1 .1 .3 .0 .2

BA(sq.dm) .0 .1 .1 .7 .1 .5 .4 .3 .3 .5 .0 .1 .4 .2

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotF6 Code Name

18.5 15.9 11.3 2.5 7.1 3.6 5.3 7.5 2.5 1.5 4.5 3.3 4.9 3.4 4.5 8.6 3.6

22 35 35 17 26 26 26 26 36 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 11

Juglans nigra Tilia americana Tilia americana Fagus grandifolia Prunus serotina Prunus serotina Prunus serotina Prunus serotina Ulmus rubra Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Celtis occidentalis

JUGNIG TILAME TILAME FAGGRA PRUSER PRUSER PRUSER PRUSER ULMRUB ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC CELOCC

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotF7 Code Name

1.7 5.3 62.0 2.5

17 17 2 11

Fagus grandifolia Fagus grandifolia Acer saccharum Celtis occidentalis

FAGGRA FAGGRA ACESAC CELOCC

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotF8 Code Name

2.2 2.1 1.6 8.3 6.0 30.7 5.3 1.9 4.2 3.7 6.5 2.1 5.3

17 17 17 26 13 9 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Fagus grandifolia Fagus grandifolia Fagus grandifolia Prunus serotina Cornus florida Carya ovata Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum

FAGGRA FAGGRA FAGGRA PRUSER CORFLO CAROVA ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotF9 Code Name

2.0 3.0 3.9 9.2 2.7 8.3 7.3 6.0 6.0 7.8 2.3 3.6 7.3 4.4

20 17 17 26 26 26 13 13 13 13 2 2 2 33

Fraxinus quadrangulata FRAQUA Fagus grandifolia FAGGRA Fagus grandifolia FAGGRA Prunus serotina PRUSER Prunus serotina PRUSER Prunus serotina PRUSER Cornus florida CORFLO Cornus florida CORFLO Cornus florida CORFLO Cornus florida CORFLO Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Sassafras albidum SASALB

52

BA(sq.dm) .0 .0 .2 1.7

BA(sq.dm) .0 .0 3.5 .8 1.7 .0 3.0

BA(sq.dm) .8 .0 1.5 .0 .8 .0 17.9

BA(sq.dm) 1.8 .0 2.7 .0 .0 .0 .1 .0 .1 .0 .2 1.5 .0 .1 .0 .0 1.6

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotG1 Code Name

2.0 1.5 4.8 14.9

4 23 2 2

Asimina triloba Lindera benzoin Acer saccharum Acer saccharum

ASITRI LINBEN ACESAC ACESAC

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotG2 Code Name

1.7 1.7 21.0 9.8 14.7 1.9 19.5

23 23 2 2 2 2 27

Lindera benzoin Lindera benzoin Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Quercus alba

LINBEN LINBEN ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC QUEALB

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotG3 Code Name

10.2 2.3 14.0 1.3 9.9 1.2 47.7

36 9 2 2 2 2 7

Ulmus rubra Carya ovata Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Carya glabra

ULMRUB CAROVA ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC CARGLA

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotG4 Code Name

Acer Acer Acer Acer Acer Acer Acer Acer Acer Acer Acer Acer Acer Acer Acer Acer Acer

ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC

15.0 1.6 18.5 2.1 2.5 2.0 3.0 1.8 4.0 1.6 5.4 13.8 1.7 2.8 1.6 1.7 14.4

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

saccharum saccharum saccharum saccharum saccharum saccharum saccharum saccharum saccharum saccharum saccharum saccharum saccharum saccharum saccharum saccharum saccharum

53

BA(sq.dm) .0 .1 .1 6.1 2.1 .3 .0 0 .0 .0 .0 .1 .0 .0 1.6

BA(sq.dm) 3.0 .4 1.4 .1 .0 22.3

BA(sq.dm) .0 16.6 5.7 14.9 3.6

BA(sq.dm) 21.5 .6 .4 .0 .2 .2 .0 .0 .1 .0

BA(sq.dm) .7 1.1 1.5 20.3 .0 .0

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotG5 Code Name

1.6 2.7 2.7 27.9 16.4 6.5 1.3 2.0 1.8 1.5 1.9 3.1 1.6 1.7 14.4

23 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Lindera benzoin Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum

LINBEN ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotG6 Code Name

19.7 7.2 13.3 4.0 1.2 53.3

2 2 2 2 2 30

Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Quercus rubra

ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC QUERUB

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotG7 Code Name

1.3 46.0 27.0 43.5 21.5

11 2 2 2 2

Celtis occidentalis Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum

CELOCC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotG8 Code Name

52.3 8.8 7.2 1.6 5.2 5.1 2.2 2.3 3.3 2.0

17 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Fagus grandifolia Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum

FAGGRA ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotG9 Code Name

9.2 12.0 13.7 50.8 1.2 1.3

2 2 2 2 34 34

Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Staphylea trifolia Staphylea trifolia

ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC STATRI STATRI

54

BA(sq.dm) .0 .1 .1

BA(sq.dm) .9 1.1 .8 .2 3.0 .0 .0

BA(sq.dm) .4 .1 .4

BA(sq.dm) .6 .1 3.0 .1 .1 1.4 .2 .3

BA(sq.dm) 1.9 .0 .1 .3 .2 .5 .2 .2 1.1 1.1

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotH1 Code Name

1.1 2.8 3.0

36 36 12

Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Cercis canadensis

ULMRUB ULMRUB CERCAN

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotH2 Code Name

10.5 12.1 9.9 4.6 19.6 2.2 2.0

24 24 24 24 12 2 2

Liriodendron tulipifera LIRTUL Liriodendron tulipifera LIRTUL Liriodendron tulipifera LIRTUL Liriodendron tulipifera LIRTUL Cercis canadensis CERCAN Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

7.2 3.4 7.5

24 24 24

Liriodendron tulipifera Liriodendron tulipifera Liriodendron tulipifera

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

8.7 2.8 19.4 2.7 4.0 13.2 4.7 5.8

24 7 36 2 2 2 2 2

Liriodendron tulipifera LIRTUL Carya glabra CARGLA Ulmus rubra ULMRUB Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotH5 Code Name

15.5 1.7 3.5 6.1 4.5 7.6 5.0 4.5 11.9 11.6

2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 7 22

Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Aesculus glabra Aesculus glabra Carya glabra Juglans nigra

ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC AESGLA AESGLA CARGLA JUGNIG

Sample unit: PlotH3 Code Name LIRTUL LIRTUL LIRTUL

Sample unit: PlotH4 Code Name

55

BA(sq.dm) .1 .0 .1 .7 .0 .0 .7 2.9 .1 .2 .1

BA(sq.dm) .0 .1 .3 .3 3.5 .0 .0 34.2

BA(sq.dm) .4 .2 .1 .1 .2 .6 .0 .0 .0 .1 .1 .4 .2

BA(sq.dm) .1 .5 .0 .0 .3 .0 .0 .3 1.3 .0 .0 .0

Sample unit: PlotH6 Code Name

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

2.8 2.5 3.0 9.7 1.4 2.5 9.1 19.2 3.2 5.0 2.7

11 20 36 36 36 36 2 2 2 2 2

Celtis occidentalis CELOCC Fraxinus quadrangulata FRAQUA Ulmus rubra ULMRUB Ulmus rubra ULMRUB Ulmus rubra ULMRUB Ulmus rubra ULMRUB Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotH7 Code Name

2.0 3.8 6.0 6.4 21.0 1.7 1.2 66.0

36 36 36 36 2 2 2 2

Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum

ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Sample unit: PlotH8 Code Name

6.7 4.6 2.7 3.2 4.9 8.4 2.3 2.5 1.6 3.5 4.0 6.9 4.8

36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 2 2 2 2 5

Ulmus rubra ULMRUB Ulmus rubra ULMRUB Ulmus rubra ULMRUB Ulmus rubra ULMRUB Ulmus rubra ULMRUB Ulmus rubra ULMRUB Ulmus rubra ULMRUB Ulmus rubra ULMRUB Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Carpinus caroliniana CARCAR

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

3.7 8.0 1.1 2.4 6.0 1.2 1.7 5.8 12.9 1.8 1.5 1.7

5 36 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Carpinus caroliniana CARCAR Ulmus rubra ULMRUB Asimina triloba ASITRI Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC Acer saccharum ACESAC

Total number of species occurrences in data =

Sample unit: PlotH9 Code Name

655

56