Eagle Creek Park Eagles Crest 2007 Floral Inventory

Ten year resurvey of permanent plots at Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve, Eagle Creek Park, Indianapolis, IN

Rebecca Dolan and Marcia Moore Friesner Herbarium, Butler University 4600 Sunset Ave. Indianapolis, IN 42608 rdolan@butler.edu mmoore@butler.edu

11/23/07

Background Permanent plots allow changes in vegetation to be tracked through time. In 1997, we established eight plots with 3 x 3 center grid points scattered throughout Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve at Eagle Creek Park. We quantified all woody and herbaceous species present in the plots and evaluated the quality of the vegetation, noting especially invasive exotic species of concern. The results of that study, along with details of our sampling technique and a review of site characteristics were presented in our report to IndyParks dated October 13, 1997. Here we present results of a resurvey of the plots conducted during the summer of 2007, and compare the data with those obtained in 1997.

Methods We used the same vegetation survey procedures used in our 1997 survey. Data were collected during the first two weeks of June, the same time of year as our original work. Following the initial survey, point centers were permanently marked with numbered tags affixed to plastic poles and their locations plotted using global positioning systems (GPS). One of the original plots, labeled “E�, was never permanently marked by IndyParks staff and so was not resampled this year. Locations of plots are indicated in Figure 1.

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Figure 1. Location of permanent plots at Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve.

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Results A total of 111 species were identified within the sample plots in 1997, with 114 seen in 2007 (Table 1). Although the total number of species seen in plots varied by only three between 1997 and 2007, this does not mean there was a change involving only three species. Thirty species were seen in 2007 that were not recorded in 1997 (Table 1). These plants include three ferns (Ebony spleenwort, Beech fern and Christmas fern), several grasses, and other plants characteristic of mature upland hardwood forest communities. Missing in 2007, but seen in 1997 were early spring ephemerals such as Bloodroot, Cutleaf toothwort, Dutchmen’s breeches, and Harbinger-of-spring, indicating that although sampling occurred at the same time both years, the season was advanced phenologically in 2007. No plants listed as rare, threatened, or endangered by the Division of Nature Preserves were seen in either sample years. Only one new non-native species was seen, Winged burning-bush. Two new species, the shrubs Leatherwood (Dirca palustris) and Blackhaw (Viburnum prunifolium), were seen off-plots in 2007. These were noted during treks to the plots, we did not attempt to canvas the entire preserve.

Plot-level data for both sample years are presented in Appendix 1 for tree-layer vegetation and in Appendix 2 for herb-layer vegetation. For the tree-layer, some large trees were lost due to death between 1997 and 2007. A few large trees were present in plots in 2007 that were not recorded in 1997. Some of these trees are of large enough size that they are unlikely to have been missed in 1997 and could not be new growth. Likely explanations for the discrepancy between the two sample years include slight changes in the location of point centers as the permanent markers were installed and points were GPS’ed (a tree was considered in the plot if more than one-half of the trunk was in, so a few cm. change could affect inclusion) and data recording errors. In cases of discrepancy, the 2007 data are suggested to be more reliable.

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Table 1. All species present on plots at Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve in 1997 and 2007.

Scientific name Acer negundo Acer nigrum Acer saccharum Actea alba Aesculus glabra Agrimonia parviflora Alliaria petiolata* Allium tricoccum Anemonella thalictroides Antennaria neglecta Arisaema dracontium Arisaema triphyllum Asarum canadense Asimina tribola Asplenium platyneuron Aster divaricatus Boehmeria cylindrica Botrychium virginianum Brachyelytrum erectum Cardamine concatenata Carex communis Carex jamesii Carex laxiflora Carpinus caroliniana Carya cordiformis Carya glabra Carya laciniosa Carya ovata Celtis occidentalis Cercis canadensis Cinna arundinacea Circaea quadrisulcata Claytonia virginica Cornus florida Cornus racemosa Crataegus mollis Cryptotaenia canadensis Cystopteris fragilis Danthonia spicata Dichanthelium clandestinum Dicentra cucullaria Diospyros virginiana Discorea quaternata Dryopteris marginalis Elymus hystrix Epifagus virginiana

Common name Box elder Black maple Sugar maple Doll's eyes Ohio buckeye Small-flowered agrimony Garlic mustard Wild leek or ramps Rue anemone Field pussytoes Green dragon Jack-in-the-pulpit Wild ginger Paw paw Ebony spleenwort White wood aster False nettles Rattlesnake fern Bearded shorthusk Cut-leaf toothwort Sedge Sedge Sedge Musclewood Bitternut hickory Pignut hickory Shellbark hickory Shagbark hickory Hackberry Redbud Wood reed Enchanter's nightshade Spring beauty Flowering dogwood Gray dogwood Downy hawthorn Honewort Brittle fern Poverty grass Deertongue Dutchman's breeches Persimmon Fourleaf yam Marginal woodfern Bottlebrush grass Beech drops

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1997 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

2007 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x

Erigenia bulbosa Erigeron annus Erythronium americanum Euonymous alatus* Eupatorium purpureum Eupatorium rugosum Fagus grandifolia Festuca subverticillata Fraxinus americana Fraxinus pennsylvanica Fraxinus profunda Fraxinus quadrangulata Galium aparine Galium boreale Galium circaezans Galium tinctorium Galium triflorum Geranium maculatum Geum canadense Gymnocladus dioicus Helianthus decapetalus Helianthus divaricatus Hepatica americana Hydrangea arborescens Hydrophyllum appendiculatum Hydrophyllum canadense Hydrophyllum macrophyllum Hypericum punctatum Impatiens capensis Isopyrum biternatum Jeffersonia diphylla Juglans nigra Laportea canadensis Lindera benzoin Liriodendron tulipifera Lonicera japonica* Lonicera tatarica* Lysimachia lanceolata Medeola virginica Menispermum canadense Osmorhiza claytonii Ostrya virginiana Oxalis stricta Parthenocissus quinquefolia Phacelia bipinnatifida Phalaris arundinaceae* Phlox divaricata Platanus occidentalis Poa pratensis Podopyllum peltatum

Harbinger of Spring Fleabane American troutlily Winged burning-bush Sweet joe-pye weed White snakeroot American beech Nodding fescue American ash Green ash Pumpkin ash Blue ash Cleavers Northern bedstraw Wild licorice Tiny bedstraw Fragrant bedstraw Wild geranium White avens Kentucky Coffee-tree Thin-leaved sunflower Woodland sunflower Liverleaf Wild hydrangea

x

Appendaged waterleaf Broad-leaved waterleaf Largeleaf waterleaf Spotted St. John's wort Spotted jewelweed False rue-anemone Twinleaf Black walnut Wood nettle Spice bush Tulip poplar Japanese honeysuckle Tatarian honeysuckle Lance-leaved loosestrife Indian cucumber-root Canada moonseed Sweet cicely Hophornbeam Yellow wood sorrel Virginia creeper Phacelia Reed canary grass Spring phlox Sycamore Kentucky bluegrass May-apple

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

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x x x x x x

x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x

x x x

x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

Polemonium reptans Polygonatum biflorum Polygonum amphibium Polygonum virginianum Polymnia canadensis Polystrichum acrostichoides Prenanthes altissima Prunus serotina Quercus alba Quercus macrocarpa Quercus muehlenbergi1 Quercus rubra Quercus velutina Ranunculus septentrionalis Ribes cynosbati Rosa carolina Rosa multiflora* Rubus occidentalis Sambucus canadensis Sanguinaria canadensis Sanicula marilandica Sassafras albidum Senecio obovatus Smilacina racemosa Smilax herbacea Smilax hispida Solidago altissima Solidago caesia Solidago flexicaulis Staphylea trifolia Stellaria pubera Stylophorum diphyllum Taraxacum officinale* Thelypteris hexagonoptera Tilia americana Toxicodendron radicans Tradescantia subaspera Trillium flexipes Trillium recurvatum Trillium sessile Triosteum aurantiacum Ulmus rubra Uvularia grandiflora Valeriana pauciflora Viola pubescens Viola sagittata Viola striata Vitis vulpina

Greek valerian True Solomon's seal Water smartweed Virginian knotweed Leaf-cup Christmas fern Wild lettuce Black cherry White oak Bur oak Chinquapin oak Red oak Black oak Swamp buttercup Gooseberry Pasture rosa Multiflora rose Black raspberry Elderberry Blood-root Black snakeroot Sassafras Round-leaved golden ragwort False Solomon's seal Smooth greenbriar Hispid greenbriar Tall goldenrod Blue-stemmed goldenrod Zig-zag goldenrod Bladder-nut Star chickweed Wood-poppy Dandelion Beech fern Basswood or linden Poison-ivy Spiderwort Nodding trillium Prairie trillium Toadshade Horse gentian Slippery elm Large-flowered bellwort Large-flowered valerian Smooth yellow violet Arrow-leaved violet Cream violet Grapevine

*non-native species

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x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

Tree-layer vegetation During the ten years between sampling years, the number of trees (defined here as all woody vegetation larger than 1 cm diameter at breast height (dbh)) at Eagle’s Crest increased by almost 50% (Table 2). Basal area increased by almost 25%. Increased density was mostly due to large increases in the numbers of American ash, Paw paw, and Tulip poplar trees (Table 3). Many of these new trees were in plot C, an area that was noted in 1997 to have been disturbed by a straight-line wind event. Flowering dogwood decreased. Sugar maple remained by far the most important species, with an Importance Value near 40% in both sample years.

Frequency vs. size histograms for selected species show how the size distribution of trees has changed with time. Sugar maple (Acer saccharum) continues to have many small trees, mostly 2.5 cm dbh and smaller (Figure 2a).

Beech (Fagus grandifolia) also has many small trees, suggesting the species is being reproductively successful and is replacing itself at the site (Figure 2b). Elm (mostly Ulmus rubra) has many small trees, but fewer new recruits in the smallest size class than Sugar maple or Beech, relative to larger classes, suggesting that recruitment of this species is declining (Figure 2c). Histograms for both White oak (Quercus alba) and Red oak (Quercus rubra) do not show healthy, sustainable size trends (Figure 2d and e). They have few trees in the smaller size classes, but continue to have several very large individuals.

Table 2 . Comparison of the structure of tree-level vegetation in permanent plots at Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve in 1997 and 2007.

1997

2007

No. of trees

593

884

Density (trees/ha)

910

1,403

2,038

2,540

Basal area (dm2/ha)

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Table 3. Tree-layer vegetation at Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve in 1997 and 2007.

American ash American beech Basswood or linden Bitternut hickory Black cherry Black maple Black oak Black walnut Bladder-nut Blue ash Box elder Burr oak Chinquapin oak Elm sp.

Flowering dogwood Grapevine Green ash Hackberry Hickory seedling Hophornbeam Kentucky coffee-tree Musclewood Ohio buckeye Paw paw Pignut hickory Pumpkin ash Redbud Red oak Sassafras Shagbark hickory Shellbark hickory Spice bush Sugar maple Sycamore Tulip tree White oak

Fraxinus americana Fagus grandifolia Tilia americana Carya cordiformis Prunus serotina Acer nigrum Quercus velutina Juglans nigra Staphylea trifolia Fraxinus quadrangulata Acer negundo Quercus macrocarpa Quercus muhlenbergii Ulmus rubra Cornus florida Vitis sp.

Fraxinus pennsylvanica Celtis occidentalis Carya species Ostrya virginiana Gymnocladus dioicus Carpinus caroliniana Aesculus glabra Asimina tribola Carya glabra Fraxinus profunda Cercis canadensis Quercus rubra Sassafras albidum Carya ovata Carya laciniosa Lindera benzoin Acer saccharum Platanus occidentalis Liriodendron tulipifera Quercus alba

(Trees/ha) (Trees/ha) 1.4 27.0 27.8 36.5 8.3 14.3 2.8 7.9 26.4 17.5 11.1 4.2 1.6 2.8 2.8 39.7 15.3 6.4 1.4 3.2 1.4 1.6 13.9 14.3 55.6 73.0 30.6 9.5 1.4 3.2 1.4 1.6 15.3 7.9 1.4 14.3 1.6 9.7 9.5 4.2 9.5 18.1 104.8 12.5 25.4 1.6 5.6 15.9 9.7 17.5 1.4 1.6 6.9 7.9 1.4 25.0 31.8 575.0 774.6 1.4 1.6 13.9 96.8 11.1 12.7

(dm2/ha) 42.2 169.0 99.8 14.2 58.9 75.4 5.2 0.0 1.8 0.9 5.4 96.6 25.2 14.9 0.1 73.4 17.3 1.4 2.1 0.5 0.5 51.2 4.9 284.3 0.2 24.3 1.4 0.6 580.8 83.1 57.0 232.3

I.V. = Importance Value = mean of relative density, relative basal area and relative frequency

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(dm2/ha) 208.6 221.5 40.8 47.7 20.1 10.0 31.4 1.0 0.2 2.0 12.1 142.4 38.2 1.3 0.4 0.0 22.6 6.3 6.4 3.7 1.0 7.9 22.8 2.0 5.8 463.1 0.6 50.9 1.3 832.7 61.4 38.4 235.9

(%) 0.9 5.9 2.7 0.6 3.5 1.8 0.5 0.2 1.7 0.2 0.3 3.1 5.2 2.9 0.2 1.4 2.3 0.4 1.1 0.5 1.7 2.6 0.9 4.0 0.2 1.4 0.2 2.4 40.4 1.6 2.2 5.4

(%) 5.4 5.6 1.9 1.5 1.7 1.0 0.6 1.4 0.4 0.2 0.3 3.2 7.6 0.8 0.4 0.2 1.2 1.1 0.3 1.0 0.9 3.6 2.3 0.2 1.3 7.6 0.2 1.4 1.9 38.1 1.0 4.2 4.1

Figure 2. Frequency histograms of selected trees by size class. a) Acer saccharum 300 250

Frequency

200 1997 2007

150 100 50 0 0-

2.5

2.6

-7

.5 7.6

-1

2. 5 12

.6

17

.5 17

.6

22

.5 22

.6

27

.5

>2

7.5

DBH (cm)

b)

Frequency

Fagus grandifolia 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0

1997 2007

0-

5

6-

15

16

-2

5 26

-3

5 36

-4

5 46

-5

5

DBH (cm)

10

>5

5

c) Ulmus rubra 25

Frequency

20 15

1997 2007

10 5 0

0-

2.5

2.6

-7

.5

7.6

12

.5 1

2.6

17

.5 1

7.6

22

.5

>2

2.5

DBH (cm)

d) Quercus alba

Frequency

4 3 1997

2

2007

1 0

0-

5

6-

15

16

-2

5 26

-3

5 36

-4

5 46

-5

5 56

-6

5 66

-7

DBH range (cm)

11

5 76

-8

5

e) Quercus rubra 7

Frequency

6 5 4

1997

3

2007

2 1 0

0-

5

6-

15

16

25

26

35

36

45

46

55

56

65

66

DBH range (cm)

12

75

76

85

Herb-layer vegetation Composite statistics that summarize the amount of variation in the herb-layer vegetation at the plot level show very similar values for richness (the average number of taxa found in a plot), evenness and Shannon-Weaver diversity (both indices of species diversity based on the number of taxa and their cover class values) (Table 4). So, although more species were seen in 2007, the overall nature of the vegetation patterns was similar.

Table 4. Comparison of herb-layer vegetation in permanent plots at Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve in 1997 and 2007.

1997

2007

93

110

Richness

12.2

11.0

Evenness

0.96

0.97

Shannon-Weaver diversity

2.34

2.26

No. of species

In 1997, the most commonly encountered species in the herb-layer was Sugar maple (Acer saccharum) seedlings, followed by Black snake-root (Sanicula marilandica), Wild ginger (Asarum canadense), and Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia) (Table 5). In 2007, Sugar maple seedlings remained common, but had dropped in occurrence from 65% of points to 37%.

The other species continued to be found in about the same frequency both years.

Jewelweed (Impatiens capensis) was found in many fewer sites in 2007, perhaps reflecting a drier early summer. Spring ephemerals were more likely to be commonly found during 1997.

Wood nettle (Laportea candensis) and Wild ginger (Asarum candense) had the largest mean cover class values for both sample years. Sugar maple seedlings had a large value in 1997.

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Table 5. Common herb-layer species in Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve in 1997 and 2007. Species with 20% overall frequency or greater are listed.

Acer saccharum Arisaema triphyllum Asarum canadense Boehmeria cylindrica Cardamine concatenata Carya sp.

Cystopteris fragilis Fraxinus sp.

Galium aprine Geranium maculatum Hydrophyllum macrophyllum Impatiens capensis Isopyrum biternatum Laportea canadensis Lindera benzoin Lysimachia lanceolata Parthenocissus quinquefolia Phlox divaricata Podophyllum peltatum Polygonum virginianum Polygonatum biflorum Ribes cynosbati Sanicula marilandica Tradescantia subaspera Viola sp.

2007 % freq. ave. cc 36.5 0.8 33.3 0.4 58.7 1.3 12.7 0.2 0.0 0.0 19.0 0.3 36.5 0.6 42.9 0.9 3.2 0.0 22.2 0.3 23.8 0.5 6.3 0.1 20.6 0.3 47.6 1.4 25.4 0.6 6.3 0.1 44.4 1.0 19.0 0.2 19.0 0.3 19.0 0.2 54.0 0.7 23.8 0.2 52.4 1.2 20.6 0.4 31.7 0.5

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1997 % freq ave. cc 65.3 1.4 30.6 0.4 51.4 1.1 20.8 0.5 25.0 0.3 25.0 0.4 31.9 0.5 31.9 0.7 27.8 0.4 22.2 0.5 31.9 0.5 34.7 0.7 44.4 0.7 44.4 1.2 20.8 0.3 20.8 0.3 48.6 0.8 8.3 1.0 40.3 1.1 11.1 0.1 44.4 0.6 5.6 0.1 61.6 1.3 26.4 0.5 41.7 0.6

Species of concern Only four non-native species were on the plots in 1997 and only six in 2007 (Table 6). Both years, small numbers of individuals of dandelion, multiflora rose, Tatarian honeysuckle, and Japanese honeysuckle were seen. Reed canarygrass and Amur honeysuckle were seen off the plots in 1997. Garlic mustard was also present off plots in 1997. By 2007, it was at found at 7 points, with many individuals present. Four of the points were in Plot C, the area that was disturbed by a wind storm just prior to the 1997 survey. Two of the points (A4 and G7) were in undisturbed woods in 1997. Winged burning-bush was found at 2 points in 2007, a new addition to the flora of Eagle’s Crest.

Table 6. Non-native species encountered in plot surveys.

Species Dandelion Garlic mustard Japanese honeysuckle Multiflora rose Tatarian honeysuckle Winged burning-bush

1997 2007 C4, C5, C7, C8, D8 D8 A4, C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, G7 B4 B4 B1 B1, F9 C5, C9 C5 F7, F8

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Conclusions and Recommendations Data from permanent plots resampled in 2007 show that Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve continues to be a high quality remnant of native vegetation for Marion County and the central Indiana Region. Tree composition has not changed very much during the ten years between sample dates. Sugar maple remains by far the tree with the greatest importance value. The number of trees has increased significantly, mostly due to increases in Ash, Paw paw and Tulip poplar in areas that are recovering from a pre-1997 wind disturbance event. Richness, evenness and diversity of herb-layer vegetation are very similar for both sample years, although there were changes in the species present.

Non-native species remain a small fraction of the plants present, less than six percent, but they are on the increase in numbers of individuals. All species listed in Table 6, with the exception of dandelion, are known to be invasive in wooded natural areas and should be eradicated as soon as possible from the points where they were seen and throughout the preserve. Of special concern is Garlic mustard, which was seen off plots in 1997, but is now present in large numbers in seven points located in three different plots.

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Appendix 1. Tree-layer vegetation by plot at Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve.

ECNP - Tree data 1997 Plot

Common Name

DBH (cm)

A1 Paw paw

1.4

2007 Common Name

DBH (cm)

Bladder nut

2.6, 2.3, 1.9, 1.7

Bladder nut

1.6, 1.6, 1.5

Paw paw

2.8, 2.2, 2.1, 2.0, 2.0

Paw paw

1.9, 1.8, 1.7, 1.7, 1.7

Paw paw

1.6, 1.6, 1.5, 1.5, 1.4

Spice bush

1.8

Paw paw

1.4, 1.3, 1.1

Sugar maple

49.5, 11.2

Sugar maple

52.6, 4.5, 3.3

Basswood or Linden

4.2, 3.0

Basswood or Linden

3.0

Elm sp.

5.6

Paw paw

5.8. 5.8, 5.5, 5.5, 5.0

Paw paw

4.8, 4.5, 4.3, 4.2, 4.1

Paw paw

3.0, 2.9, 2.8, 2.7, 2.5

Paw paw

2.5, 2.3, 2.2, 2.2, 2.0

Paw paw

1.9, 1.8, 1.8, 1.7, 1.5

Paw paw

1.2, 1.2

A2

Paw paw

2.0, 1.4

Spice bush

1.3, 1.1

Sugar maple

9.1, 9.0

Sugar maple

13.1

A3

Sugar maple

19.7, 9.5, 9.1

Sugar maple

23.1, 9.3

A4

Grape vine

2.4

Sugar maple

27.2, 24.6, 24.4, 23.5, 15.4, 12.6

Sugar maple

33.0, 28.8, 26.7, 24.6, 16.5, 13.2

Basswood or linden

19.1

Black cherry

24.0

Black cherry

30.0

Sugar maple

16.8, 11.0, 6.6, 5.6

Sugar maple

16.5, 14.6, 9.8, 7.6

A5

17

A6

Black cherry

20.7 KY coffee tree

22.6

Shagbark hickory

17.2

Shagbark hickory

17.6

Sugar maple

20.8, 11.2, 2.4

Sugar maple

24.7, 4.4, 3.5, 2.6

American ash

1.2

Elm sp.

5.4

Elm sp.

7.0

Sugar maple

46.3, 28.8, 3.4, 3.4

Sugar maple

49.4, 5.4, 5.1

White oak

69.2

American beech

54.0

American beech

55.4

Chinquapin oak

63.5

Chinquapin oak

69.0

Paw paw

1.1

Spice bush

1.4, 1.2

A7

A8

A9

Sugar maple

15.8, 6.6

Sugar maple

16.2, 8.2

Ash sp.

82.0

American ash

88.6

Sugar maple

13.4, 9.8

Sugar maple

18.1

Bitternut hickory

2.8

Black cherry

1.4

Black cherry

2.9

Blue ash

1.3, 1.3

Green ash

1.8

Box elder

9.3

Box elder

11.6, 5.3

Elm sp.

23.2

Sugar maple

5.1, 4.0

Sugar maple

6.2, 6.0, 5.2

American beech

31.0, 18.3

American beech

34.3, 29.4

Hackberry

39.1

Hackberry

41.5

Sugar maple

4.2, 2.8, 2.7, 2.3, 2.0

Sugar maple

6.4, 4.1, 3.1

Bitternut hickory

36.5

Bitternut hickory

41.5

B1

B2

B3

18

Musclewood

5.9, 5.0

Musclewood

6.3, 5.6

Sugar maple

18.4, 3.1, 1.9

Sugar maple

5.3

American ash

2.4, 1.9

Blue ash

12.6

B4 Blue ash

11.3, 1.2

Elm sp.

2.8

Flowering dogwood

17.2, 2.4

Flowering dogwood

3.4

Red oak

79.5

Red oak

89.5

Sugar maple

2.8

Sugar maple

10.7, 5.4, 3.3, 3.0, 3.0

Sugar maple

2.9, 1.8, 1.2

Sycamore

70.2

American beech

42.4

Sycamore

61.8

B5

B6

B7

Blue ash

3.8

Red oak

54.0

Red oak

59.2

Sugar maple

26.5, 8.4, 3.5, 3.3, 3.2

Sugar maple

28.6, 10.0, 4.4, 4.1, 4.0

Sugar maple

3.1, 2.6, 2.4, 2.2

Sugar maple

3.1

American beech

2.0

American beech

2.8

Bitternut hickory

35.8

Bitternut hickory

41.0

Sugar maple

15.9, 13.0, 1.6

Sugar maple

30.214.0, 2.1, 1.8

Hackberry

3.0

Red oak

50.7

Red oak

58.7

Sugar maple

6.5, 6.1, 5.9, 5.7, 5.4

Sugar maple

8.7, 8.3, 7.8, 7.7, 7.0

Sugar maple

4.3, 3.6, 3.4, 3.2, 3.0

Sugar maple

5.9, 4.6, 3.8, 3.6, 3.4

Sugar maple

2.7, 2.2, 1.9

Sugar maple

2.0

Paw paw

2.2, 1.7, 1.6

Spice bush

1.1

Sugar maple

4.6, 3.6, 2.7, 2.4, 2.0, 1.7

Sugar maple

18.2, 12.0, 7.8, 5.9, 3.1

B8

19

B9

American beech

82.5

American beech

87.5

American ash

3.1, 2.9

1.1, 1.0

Paw paw

1.0

Sugar maple

10.8, 8.0, 4.6, 4.2, 2.0

Sugar maple

5.4, 4.7, 2.8

Sugar maple

1.5, 1.4, 1.4, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1

Bitternut hickory

2.1

Elm sp.

8.8, 2.6

Spice bush

1.6, 1.1

Sugar maple

14.3, 10.0

Sugar maple

25.3, 20.2, 19.4

Tulip poplar

1.3

Tulip poplar

21.2, 8.5, 5.6, 5.3, 5.0

Tulip poplar

4.8, 4.5, 3.3, 2.4, 2.0, 1.8

Musclewood

11.7

Pignut hickory

18.8

Bitternut hickory

4.4

Spice bush

2.4, 2.2, 2.2, 2.2, 1.7, 1.3

Spice bush

1.5

Sugar maple

5.1

Sugar maple

15.2, 13.4, 8.3

Tulip poplar

6.5, 4.7, 1.9, 1.2

American ash

1.7

Elm sp.

2.5

Pignut hickory

7.2

C3

C4

2.7, 2.5, 2.2, 2.1

Blue ash

C1

C2

Sugar maple

Sugar maple

23.5, 5.2, 4.8, 4.0, 3.9

Sugar maple

29.2, 11.8, 10.3, 9.1, 8.5

Sugar maple

3.7, 3.0, 2.6, 1.3

Sugar maple

7.7, 6.7, 6.5, 5.3, 5.0

Sugar maple

3.4, 1.5

Tulip poplar

7.7, 7.4, 4.0, 2.4

White oak

82.3

Elm sp.

1.6

20

C5

Sugar maple

64.0, 41.0, 1.7

Spice bush

1.4

Sugar maple

5.9

C6

C7

Ohio buckeye

1.5

Pignut hickory

11.1, 2.9, 1.4, 1.2

Spice bush

4.1, 3.0, 2.5, 2.0, 1.8

Spice bush

1.7, 1.1

Sugar maple

68.7, 38.6, 14.6, 11.3

Sugar maple

14.5, 13.4, 4.8, 4.5, 2.4

Tulip poplar

12.5, 12.0, 9.0, 8.0, 8.0

Tulip poplar

6.2, 4.4, 4.2, 4.1, 2.9

Tulip poplar

2.7, 2.6, 1.9, 1.6, 1.1

American ash

4.7

Chinquapin oak

21.3, 19.9

Chinquapin oak

31.2

Elm sp.

10.9

Elm sp.

17.4

Pignut hickory

28.7

Sugar maple

12.6, 6.7, 4.8, 3.7, 3.3

Sugar maple

20.0, 9.2, 8.5, 7.1, 6.6

Sugar maple

2.6, 2.2

Sugar maple

6.1, 5.8, 4.8, 2.4, 1.3

Paw paw

2.8, 2.4, 2.4, 2.0, 1.7, 1.6

Paw paw

8.3, 5.3, 5.0, 4.5, 4.4

Paw paw

3.7, 2.9, 2.4, 2.1, 1.6

Spice bush

3.9, 3.0

Sugar maple

17.0

Tulip poplar

12.8, 10.1, 5.5

Ohio buckeye

2.4

Pignut hickory

2.5

Sugar maple

39.5, 22.3, 20.5, 14.5, 14.0

Sugar maple

8.7

Tulip poplar

7.7, 4.3, 4.1, 2.6, 2.3

Tulip poplar

2.2, 2.1, 1.8, 1.5, 1.5

Tulip poplar

1.4, 1.1, 1.1

Sugar maple

12.2

C8 Sugar maple

27.0, 13.1, 7.2, 7.2, 3.8

21

C9

Black cherry

6.5

Black cherry

14.3

Chinquapin oak

21.8

Chinquapin oak

31.5

Elm sp.

3.2, 1.4

Hackberry

1.0

Paw paw

2.2

Paw paw

4.2, 2.7, 2.7, 1.8, 1.4, 1.1

Pignut hickory

2.1

Pignut hickory

4.4, 3.2, 2.5, 1.2

Red oak

2.0

Sugar maple

8.9, 4.2, 3.7, 3.1, 2.9

Sugar maple

14.2, 8.5, 7.0, 6.2, 5.3

Sugar maple

2.5, 1.8, 1.5, 1.3

Sugar maple

4.3, 4.3, 3.3, 3.2, 2.0

Sugar maple

1.7, 1.5

Tulip poplar

7.8, 4.4, 3.5, 2.8, 2.4, 2.2

American ash

55.4

Bitternut hickory

20.2

Bladder-nut

2.6, 2.3, 1.9, 1.7, 1.6

Bladder-nut

1.6, 1.5

D1 Basswood or linden

62.2

Pignut hickory

17.1

Redbud

2.4

Redbud

6.7, 5.7, 1.9

Sugar maple

6.2, 5.7, 2.2, 1.4, 1.2

Sugar maple

15.2, 11.2, 10.5, 8.7, 7.1

Sugar maple

6.9, 6.6, 5.7, 4.2, 2.8

Sugar maple

2.2, 1.8

White oak

31.7

Basswood or Linden

4.2, 3.0

Blue ash

10.8

Chinquapin oak

23.1

Elm sp.

5.6

Hackberry

2.0

Red oak

16.0

White oak

26.4

D2 Chinquapin oak Hackberry

14.8 1.7

Sugar maple

5.5, 5.1, 3.5, 3.2, 3.1

Sugar maple

12.0, 7.8, 7.2, 6.5, 4.5

Sugar maple

3.0, 3.0, 2.8, 2.6, 2.0

Sugar maple

4.4, 4.0, 3.6, 3.4, 3.3

22

Sugar maple

D3

D4

D5

D6

1.8, 1.5, 1.4, 1.4

Sugar maple

3.2, 2.6, 2.4, 2.4, 2.2

Sugar maple

2.2, 2.0, 1.9, 1.6, 1.5

Sugar maple

1.3, 1.1

White oak

36.5

White oak

38.4, 2.0

Chinquapin oak

14.0

Chinquapin oak

48.6, 18.2

Flowering dogwood

7.1

Ohio buckeye

1.7

Ohio buckeye

1.4

Redbud

7.3

Redbud

8.3

Sugar maple

5.7, 3.5, 3.4, 3.2, 2.9

Sugar maple

18.7, 8.7, 8.3, 7.7, 5.4

Sugar maple

2.4, 2.1, 1.5, 1.3

Sugar maple

5.1, 4.9, 4.7, 4.2, 4.2

Sugar maple

3.7, 3.2, 3.0, 2.9, 2.5

Sugar maple

2.5, 2.2, 2.1, 2.1, 1.7

Sugar maple

1.5, 1.5, 1.3, 1.3

Sugar maple

20.4, 18.5, 17.0, 4.1, 3.2

Sugar maple

25.7, 21.3, 5.3, 3.3, 2.7

Sugar maple

3.0, 2.5

Sugar maple

2.6, 2.4, 2.2, 2.1, 1.8

Sugar maple

1.7, 1.4

Black oak

65.0

Chinquapin oak

26.0

Chinquapin oak

31.1

Red oak

46.2

Red oak

57.4, 55.3, 48.0

Sugar maple

15.2, 9.6, 8.5, 8.0, 7.7

Sugar maple

16.8, 9.5, 7.1, 7.0, 6.7

Sugar maple

6.3, 6.0, 5.6, 4.0, 3.7

Sugar maple

5.5, 5.0, 4.5, 4.5, 4.1

Sugar maple

2.8, 2.5, 1.9, 1.9, 1.8

Sugar maple

3.9, 3.4, 3.1, 3.1, 2.9

Sugar maple

1.7, 1.6, 1.4, 1.4, 1.3

Sugar maple

2.9, 2.3, 1.8, 1.6, 1.1, 1.1

Sugar maple

1.3, 1.1, 1.0, 1.0

Blue ash

1.0

Chinquapin oak

25.8, 20.7

Chinquapin oak

29.8, 23.7

Pignut hickory

21.9

Red oak

49.4

Red oak

62.4, 56.8

Sugar maple

10.5, 6.6, 5.8, 5.6, 5.4

Sugar maple

24.4, 17.0, 12.0, 8.6, 7.7

23

Sugar maple

5.4, 4.9, 4.4, 3.8, 3.3

Sugar maple

7.0, 7.0, 6.2, 5.4, 5.4

Sugar maple

2.9, 2.8, 2.1, 2.0, 1.8

Sugar maple

4.6, 4.4, 4.2, 4.1, 4.0

Sugar maple

1.7, 1.7, 1.5, 1.5, 1.3

Sugar maple

3.2, 3.1, 3.0, 2.8, 2.5

Sugar maple

2.5, 2.4, 2.4, 2.3, 2.3

Sugar maple

2.2, 2.2, 2.2, 2.0, 2.0

Sugar maple

2.0, 1.9, 1.9, 1.9, 1.8

Sugar maple

1.6, 1.6, 1.5, 1.5, 1.3

Paw paw

1.1

Sugar maple

25.2, 9.8, 8.6, 7.9, 7.6

Sugar maple

7.4, 7.3, 6.3, 5.5, 5.0, 3.3

D7 Sugar maple

D8

6.6, 6.2, 5.5, 4.9, 2.9

American beech

1.5

American beech

2.4

Black oak

45.5

Black oak

50.2

Flowering dogwood

3.3

Flowering dogwood

3.0

Shagbark hickory

21.0

Shagbark hickory

41.2, 22.4

Sugar maple

10.2, 4.4, 3.7, 3.4, 3.3

Sugar maple

21.7, 13.0, 5.9, 5.2, 4.5

Sugar maple

2.1, 1.3

Sugar maple

2.6, 1.4

American ash

27.1

Bur oak

22.2 Chinquapin oak

17.3

Flowering dogwood

12.0

Hackberry

1.0 Sugar maple

18.5, 14.6, 8.8, 5.5

White oak

70.0

White oak

68.6, 35.5, 21.6

Basswood or linden

44.5

Basswood or Linden

45.3

Black cherry

2.8, 2.8, 2.1

Black cherry

4.7, 3.9

Blue ash

1.5

Blue ash

2.3, 1.8, 1.4

Elm sp.

5.9

Hackberry

2.9, 1.9 Ostrya

6.8, 6.8, 3.7

D9

F1

24

Sugar maple

18.1, 2.3

Sugar maple

21.3, 3.3

Elm sp.

6.3

Ostrya

8.5, 6.7

Sugar maple Sugar maple

10.0, 8.1, 7.0, 6.7, 5.9

Sugar maple

13.3, 10.8, 8.8, 8.6, 8.2

5.9, 4.4, 3.7, 2.9, 2.7

Sugar maple

8.0, 6.3, 5.9, 3.1, 3.0, 2.7

American beech

3.5

American ash

43.8

Basswood or linden

4.1

Black cherry

2.1

Elm sp.

9.3, 2.5, 2.2, 1.9

Flowering dogwood

3.2 Hackberry

8.0

Ostrya

11.0, 6.5

F2

F3

Pignut hickory

6.1

Sugar maple

7.0, 6.0, 5.9, 4.5, 4.1

Sugar maple

10.9, 9.2, 8.3, 7.6, 6.9

Sugar maple

3.3, 3.2, 2.9, 2.7, 2.5

Sugar maple

5.5, 5.3, 3.9, 3.8, 3.5

Sugar maple

1.9, 1.9, 1.9, 1.6, 1.4, 1.4

Sugar maple

3.5, 1.3

White oak

52.0

F4

F5

American beech

5.0, 3.0, 1.6

Black cherry

3.7, 2.1

Black cherry

4.8, 1.3

Flowering dogwood

3.8, 3.2, 2.5

Flowering dogwood

4.0, 3.8, 3.3

Sugar maple

23.0, 1.4

Sugar maple

46.5, 27.9

American beech

2.3

Flowering dogwood

9.0, 8.1, 6.1, 2.6

Flowering dogwood

6.5

Ostrya

6.9

Sugar maple

12.7, 9.4, 6.7, 6.2, 3.8

Sugar maple

3.3, 3.1, 3.1, 2.9, 2.6

Sugar maple

2.6, 2.5, 2.3

Sugar maple

8.6, 5.0, 2.0, 1.9, 1.7

25

F6

F7

American beech

2.5

Basswood or linden

15.9, 11.3

Basswood or Linden

17.3

Black cherry

7.5, 7.1, 5.3, 3.6

Black cherry

11.1, 8.2

Black walnut

18.5

Elm sp.

2.5

Hackberry

3.6

Sugar maple

8.6, 4.9, 4.5, 4.5, 3.4

Sugar maple

12.4, 5.8, 4.8, 4.2, 3.8

Sugar maple

3.3, 1.5

Sugar maple

3.7, 3.3, 2.4

American beech

5.3, 1.7

American beech

7.5, 3.3

Basswood or Linden

7.4

Hackberry

2.4

Spice bush

2.0, 2.0, 1.9, 1.9, 1.8

Hackberry

F8

F9

G1

2.5

Sugar maple

62.0

Sugar maple

54.5

American beech

2.2, 2.1, 1.6

American beech

2.7, 2.5, 2.1

Black cherry

8.3 Elm sp.

1.5

Flowering dogwood

6.0

Shagbark hickory

30.7

Shagbark hickory

30.8

Sugar maple

6.5, 5.3, 5.3, 4.2, 3.7

Sugar maple

8.6, 7.3, 6.1, 4.4, 2.8

Sugar maple

2.1, 1.9

Sugar maple

2.6, 1.4

Blue ash

2.0

American ash

2.4

American beech

3.9, 3.0

American beech

5.0, 4.2, 4.0, 3.6, 1.0

Black cherry

9.2, 8.3, 2.7

Black cherry

11.4, 10.7

Flowering dogwood

7.8, 7.3, 6.0, 6.0

Sassafras

4.4

Sassafras

7.0

Sugar maple

7.3, 3.6, 2.3

Sugar maple

12.5, 5.4, 4.3, 3.9, 3.4

Sugar maple

2.3, 1.5

Pignut hickory

4.0

Paw paw

2.0

26

G2

Spice bush

1.5

Spice bush

2.8

Sugar maple

14.9, 4.8

Sugar maple

22.0, 13.3, 4.1, 3.7, 3.7, 2.5

Spice bush

1.7, 1.7

Spice bush

1.3

Sugar maple

21.0, 14.7, 9.8, 1.9

Sugar maple

24.3, 6.6, 2.2

White oak

19.5 American beech

3.7

Elm sp.

10.2

Elm sp.

10.6

Pignut hickory

47.7

Pignut hickory

11.8

Shagbark hickory

2.3

Shagbark hickory

25.0

Sugar maple

14.0, 9.9, 1.3, 1.2

Sugar maple

18.6, 16.2, 10.2, 6.7

Sugar maple

18.5, 15.0, 14.4, 13.8, 5.4

Sugar maple

22.5, 17.3, 16.8, 5.2, 4.3

Sugar maple

4.0, 3.0, 2.8, 2.5, 2.1

Sugar maple

3.8, 3.3, 2.7, 2.6, 2.3

Sugar maple

2.0, 1.8, 1.7, 1.7, 1.6

Sugar maple

2.2, 2.0 1.9, 1.8, 1.7

Sugar maple

1.6, 1.6

Spice bush

1.6

Sugar maple

27.9, 16.4, 14.4, 6.5, 3.1

Sugar maple

35.0, 17.7, 16.9, 6.8, 4.3

Sugar maple

2.7, 2.7, 2.0, 1.9, 1.8

Sugar maple

4.1, 3.9, 3.3, 2.4, 2.3

Sugar maple

1.7, 1.6, 1.5, 1.3

Sugar maple

2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.5, 1.4

Sugar maple

1.4, 1.4, 1.1

G3

G4

G5

G6

G7

G8

Red oak

53.3

Red oak

59.8

Sugar maple

19.7, 13.3, 7.2, 4.0, 1.2

Sugar maple

25.0, 23.0, 15.2, 10.7, 3.2

Sugar maple

2.8, 2.3, 1.5

Hackberry

1.3

Sugar maple

46.0, 43.5, 27.0, 21.5

Sugar maple

45.0, 23.1, 23.0, 22.6, 3.7, 2.0

American beech

52.3

American beech

54.5

Spice bush

1.2

27

G9

Sugar maple

8.8, 7.2, 5.2, 5.1, 3.3

Sugar maple

10.5, 7.7, 6.4, 5.3, 4.2

Sugar maple

2.3, 2.2, 2.0, 1.6

Sugar maple

2.6, 2.3, 2.3, 2.0

Bladder-nut

1.3, 1.2

Bladder-nut

2.2, 2.1, 1.8, 1.7, 1.6

Bladder-nut

1.5, 1.3, 1.3, 1.2, 1.2, 1.2

Sugar maple

50.8, 13.7, 12.0, 9.2

Sugar maple

51.0, 19.4, 13.2, 10.1, 1.5

American ash

1.7

Elm sp.

2.8, 1.1

Elm sp.

17.1, 6.1, 1.8, 1.3

Grape

2.5

Ohio buckeye

3.2

Redbud

6.9, 4.8, 4.5

Sugar maple

5.5, 2.5, 2.4, 2.1, 1.9

Sugar maple

1.7, 1.7, 1.5, 1.4, 1.2

Tulip poplar

11.5

Elm sp.

10.2

Grape

4.9

H1

Redbud

3.0

H2 Redbud

11.9

Redbud

7.2

Sugar maple

2.2, 2.0

Sugar maple

3.4, 3.0

Tulip poplar

12.1, 10.5, 9.9, 4.6

Tulip poplar

18.5, 17.8, 6.7

American ash

2.7

H3

Elm sp.

12.5, 2.3

Tulip poplar

3.4

Red bud

7.5

Tulip poplar

7.5, 7.2, 3.4

Tulip poplar

14.1

Black maple

13.8

Elm sp.

23.3

Sugar maple

20.8, 11.2, 8.1, 5.5, 5.1

Sugar maple

4.9, 3.4

H4 Elm sp.

19.4

Pignut hickory

2.8

Sugar maple

13.2, 5.8, 4.7, 4.0, 2.7

Tulip poplar

8.7

28

H5

H6

Black walnut

11.6 Black maple

6.8, 2.6

Elm sp.

14.2

Ohio buckeye

5.0, 4.5

Ohio buckeye

5.9

Pignut hickory

11.9

Pignut hickory

15.5

Sugar maple

15.5, 7.6, 6.1, 4.5, 3.5, 1.7

Sugar maple

19.7, 8.9, 7.9, 5.2, 3.2, 1.2

Blue ash

2.5

American ash

55.5, 2.9

Black maple

22.3, 3.7

Elm sp.

9.7, 3.0, 2.5, 1.4

Elm sp.

16.5, 11.2, 7.7, 5.4, 4.7

Elm sp.

3.3, 2.7

Hackberry

2.8

Hackberry

3.8

Sugar maple

19.2, 6.5, 5.0, 3.2, 2.7

Sugar maple

6.4, 5.2, 4.7, 4.5, 4.1

Sugar maple

2.6, 2.4, 2.3, 2.3, 1.8

Sugar maple

1.8, 1.4

Basswood or Linden

9.3

Elm sp.

7.2, 5.7, 5.0, 3.7, 2.3

Musclewood

5.0

Ohio buckeye

4.7

Ostrya

8.6

Pignut hickory

5.3

Sugar maple

54.7, 26.1, 2.0, 1.5

American beech

2.7

Basswood or Linden

27.0

H7 Elm sp.

Sugar maple

6.4, 6.0, 3.8, 2.0

66.0, 21.0, 1.7, 1.2

H8 Elm sp.

8.4, 6.7, 4.9, 4.6, 3.2

Elm sp.

10.6, 9.4, 7.4, 6.7, 5.2

Elm sp.

2.7, 2.5, 2.3

Elm sp.

4.9, 3.3, 2.8, 2.7, 2.6

Elm sp.

1.8, 1.7

Musclewood

4.8

Musclewood

5.1

Sugar maple

6.9, 4.0, 3.5, 1.6

Sugar maple

8.7, 5.0, 4.8, 4.6, 3.2

Sugar maple

2.4, 2.2

29

H9

American ash

1.3

Black maple

6.5, 2.8

Elm sp.

6.4

Ohio buckeye

6.3

Elm sp.

8.0

Musclewood

3.7

Paw paw

1.1

Sugar maple

12.9, 6.0, 5.8, 2.4, 1.8

Sugar maple

16.4, 11.4, 7.9, 7.8, 5.3

Sugar maple

1.7, 1.7, 1.5, 1.2

Sugar maple

3.4, 2.9, 2.7, 2.6, 2.5

Sugar maple

1.6, 1.6, 1.5

30

Appendix 2. Herb-layer vegetation by plot at Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve.

Values are cover class values. Common names are given in Table 1.

1997 value

2007 value

Asarum canadense

3

2

Asimina triloba

4

2

Carex sp.

–

1

Dicentra cucullaria

2

–

Dryopteris marginalis

–

1

Gallium aparine

2

–

Hydrophyllum appendiculatum

3

2

Hydrophyllum macrophyllum

3

2

Isopyrum biternatum

1

–

Laportea canadensis

3

3

Polygonatum biflorum

–

1

Quercus sp.

–

1

Smilacina racemosa

2

–

Smilax herbacea

–

1

Trillium recurvatum

–

1

Acer saccharum

2

–

Asarum canadense

2

–

Carya sp.

–

1

Cystopteris fragilis

–

1

Fraxinus sp.

–

2

Galium aparine

2

–

Hydrophyllum appendiculatum

3

–

Hydrophyllum macrophyllum

–

2

Impatiens capensis

2

–

Laportea canadensis

3

6

Phlox divaricata

2

–

Polygonatum biflorum

1

–

Polymnia canadensis

–

2

Sanguinaria canadensis

–

1

Sanicula marilandica

2

2

Tradescantia subaspera

–

3

Acer saccharum

1

–

Actea alba

–

1

Allium tricoccum

3

–

Asarum canadense

2

2

Boehmeria cylindrica

–

1

Cardamine concatenata

1

–

Carya sp.

–

2

Galium aparine

2

–

Geranium maculatum

1

1

Helianthus decapetalus

1

–

Hydrophyllum macrophyllum

2

2

Impatiens capensis

3

–

Scientific Name Plot A1

Plot A2

Plot A3

31

Plot A4

Plot A5

Isopyrum biternatum

1

–

Laportea canadensis

4

4

Sanicula marilandica

3

3

Acer saccharum

2

–

Alliaria petiolata*

–

2

Asarum canadense

2

2

Cinna arundinacea

1

1

Claytoniiia virginica

1

–

Cystopteris fragilis

2

2

Dicentra cucullaria

1

–

Fagus grandifolia

–

1

Fraxinus sp.

1

3

Galium aparine

1

–

Hydrophyllum appendiculatum

2

–

Impatiens capensis

2

–

Isopyrum biternatum

1

–

Laportea canadensis

2

3

Podophyllum peltatum

2

–

Polygonum virginianum

–

2

Quercus sp.

–

1

Sanicula marilandica

1

–

Ulmus sp.

1

–

Viola striata

1

–

Acer saccharum

2

–

Allium trioccum

2

–

Asarum canadense

2

3

Cardamine concatenata

1

–

Carex laxiflora

1

1

Carya sp.

–

1

Claytoniiia virginica

1

–

Cryptotaenia canadensis

–

2

Cystopteris fragilis

2

2

Dicentra cucullaria

1

–

Galium aparine

2

–

Hydrophyllum appendiculatum

2

–

Hydrophyllum macrophyllum

2

2

Impatiens capensis

2

–

Laportea canadensis

4

3

Osmorhiza claytoniii

1

–

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

1

3

Podophyllum peltatum

2

–

Polygonum virginianum

–

1

Quercus sp.

–

1

Sanicula marilandica

1

2

Toxicodendron radicans

–

2

Ulmus sp.

2

–

Viola striata

1

2

32

Plot A6

Plot A7

Plot A8

Asarum canadense

2

1

Boehmeria cylindrica

2

–

Cardamine concatenata

1

–

Carya sp.

–

2

Cystopteris fragilis

–

1

Fagus grandifolia

–

2

Geranium maculatum

2

1

Hydrophyllum macrophyllum

2

3

Impatiens capensis

2

–

Laportea canadensis

–

3

Lindera benzoin

–

1

Osmorhiza claytoniii

1

–

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

1

2

Podophyllum peltatum

2

–

Sanicula marilandica

2

3

Tradescantia subaspera

3

2

Acer saccharum

2

2

Asarum canadense

2

2

Cystopteris fragilis

2

2

Dicentra cucullaria

1

–

Erythronium americanum

1

–

Festuca subverticillata

–

2

Fraxinus sp.

–

1

Galium aparine

1

–

Geum canadense

–

1

Hydrophyllum appendiculatum

3

2

Laportea canadensis

3

3

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

–

1

Polygonatum biflorum

1

1

Sanicula marilandica

2

2

Smilax hispida

–

1

Tradescantia subaspera

2

–

Acer saccharum

2

2

Allium tricoccum

3

–

Anemonella thalictroides

–

1

Asarum canadense

2

3

Asimina triloba

–

1

Boehmeria cylindrica

2

–

Circaea quadrisulcata

–

1

Claytoniiia virginica

1

–

Galium aparine

2

1

Hydrophyllum appendiculatum

3

–

Hydrophyllum macrophyllum

2

2

Impatiens capensis

3

–

Isopyrum biternatum

1

–

Laportea canadensis

–

3

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

2

1

Phacelia bipinnatifida

2

–

33

Plot A9

Plot B1

Plot B2

Podophyllum peltatum

4

3

Polygonatum biflorum

2

–

Polymnia canadensis

–

1

Sanguinaria canadensis

–

1

Sanicula marilandica

2

–

Acer saccharum

–

2

Actea alba

–

1

Asarum canadense

2

3

Cystopteris fragilis

1

2

Dicentra cucullaria

2

–

Galium aparine

1

–

Isopyrum biternatum

1

–

Laportea canadensis

–

3

Lindera benzoin

–

3

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

–

2

Podophyllum peltatum

2

–

Sanicula marilandica

–

1

Smilacina racemosa

2

–

Toxicodendron radicans

–

3

Uvularia grandiflora

3

–

Acer saccharum

1

3

Allium tricoccum

3

–

Asarum canadense

2

–

Cardamine concatenata

1

–

Carex sp.

1

–

Eupatorium rugosum

–

2

Geum canadense

–

1

Helianthus decapetalus

2

–

Hydrophyllum macrophyllum

2

3

Impatiens capensis

2

–

Isopyrum biternatum

–

1

Laportea canadensis

–

3

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

1

–

Polygonum virginianum

–

1

Prenathes altissima

1

–

Rosa multiflora*

1

1

Sanicula marilandica

4

–

Solidago altissima

–

1

Tradescantia subaspera

2

3

Trillium recurvatum

–

1

Viola sp.

1

2

Arisaema triphyllum

2

–

Asarum canadense

2

2

Cardamine concatenata

1

–

Celtis occidentalis

1

–

Cystopteris fragilis

2

2

Erigenia bulbosa

1

–

34

Plot B3

Plot B4

Geranium maculatum

2

2

Hydrophyllum macrophyllum

–

2

Isopyrum biternatum

1

1

Laportea canadensis

3

3

Lysimachia lanceolata

1

–

Phlox divaricata

–

2

Sanicula marilandica

2

2

Smilax herbacea

–

1

Stellaria pubera

1

–

Viola sp.

1

–

Allium tricoccum

4

–

Arisaema triphyllum

1

1

Asarum canadense

2

3

Cardamine concatenata

1

–

Cryptotaenia canadensis

–

1

Cystopteris fragilis

2

2

Erigenia bulbosa

1

–

Galium aparine

1

1

Geranium maculatum

2

2

Isopyrum biternatum

3

3

Laportea canadensis

4

–

Sanicula marilandica

2

2

Acer saccharum

1

–

Allium tricoccum

2

–

Arisaema triphyllum

1

1

Asarum canadense

3

3

Aster divaricatus

–

2

Carex jamesii

–

2

Circea quadrisulcata

–

1

Claytoniiia virginica

1

–

Cystopteris fragilis

2

3

Erythronium americanum

1

–

Fagus grandifolia

1

–

Fraxinus quadrangulata

3

2

Helianthus decapetalus

1

–

Hydrophyllum macrophyllum

2

2

Isopyrum biternatum

1

2

Lonicera japonica

2

2

Oxalis stricta

1

–

Phlox divaricata

–

1

Polygonatum biflorum

1

1

Sanicula marilandica

2

3

Toxicodentron radicans

2

2

Tradescantia subaspera

2

2

Trillium sessile

–

1

Viola sp.

1

2

Viola striata

–

2

35

Plot B5

Plot B6

Plot B7

Allium tricoccum

4

–

Anemonella thalictroides

–

1

Arisaema triphyllum

1

1

Asarum canadense

3

3

Cardamine concatenata

1

–

Carya sp.

1

–

Cystopteris fragilis

2

2

Geranium maculatum

3

1

Hydrophyllum appendiculatum

2

–

Hydrophyllum macrophyllum

–

1

Impatiens capensis

1

–

Isopyrum biternatum

1

1

Laportea canadensis

3

5

Osmorhiza calytoni

–

1

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

1

–

Polygonatum biflorum

1

1

Sanicula marilandica

1

1

Arisaema triphyllum

1

1

Asarum canadense

2

3

Asimina triloba

–

2

Carya sp.

–

1

Galium aparine

1

–

Geranium maculatum

3

2

Hydrophyllum appendiculatum

–

1

Impatiens capensis

1

–

Isopyrum biternatum

2

1

Laportea canadensis

4

3

Lindera benzoin

3

–

Osmorhiza claytoniii

–

2

Phlox divaricata

–

1

Polygonatum biflorum

–

2

Sanicula marilandica

2

2

Tradescantia subaspera

–

2

Uvularia grandiflora

2

–

Allium tricoccum

4

–

Asarum canadense

2

1

Cardamine concatenata

1

–

Carya sp.

–

1

Cystopteris fragilis

1

1

Geranium maculatum

3

–

Hydrophyllum macrophyllum

2

2

Isopyrum biternatum

2

1

Lysimachia lanceolata

2

–

Phlox divaricata

–

1

Podophyllum peltatum

4

1

Polygonatum biflorum

1

1

Sanguinaria canadensis

–

1

Smilacina racemosa

2

–

36

Plot B8

Plot B9

Plot C1

Smilax herbacea

–

1

Stellaria pubera

2

–

Tilia americana

–

1

Trillium recurvatum

1

–

Trillium sessile

–

1

Viola sp.

1

1

Acer saccharum

2

–

Arisaema triphyllum

–

1

Asarum canadense

2

1

Asimina triloba

–

2

Cardamine concatenata

1

–

Carex sp.

1

–

Geranium maculatum

–

2

Impatiens capensis

2

–

Isopyrum biternatum

2

–

Laportea canadensis

3

2

Menispermum canadense

1

2

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

–

2

Phlox divaricata

1

1

Polygonatum biflorum

–

1

Sambucus candensis

–

1

Sanicula marilandica

3

2

Smilacina racemosa

1

–

Toxicodendron radicans

1

–

Ulmus sp.

1

–

Viola sp.

1

1

Acer saccharum

2

1

Allium tricoccum

4

–

Asarum canadense

–

3

Carex laxiflora

–

2

Carex sp.

1

–

Fraxinus quadrangulata

2

–

Galium aparine

1

–

Hydrophyllum appendiculatum

2

2

Impatiens capensis

3

–

Laportea canadensis

4

5

Phlox divaricata

–

2

Podophyllum peltatum

1

–

Sanicula marilandica

3

3

Acer saccharum

–

1

Alliaria petiolata*

–

2

Allium tricoccum

4

–

Arisaema triphyllum

–

1

Asarum canadense

–

1

Carex laxiflora

–

2

Fraxinus sp.

–

1

Galium aparine

1

–

37

Plot C2

Plot C3

Hydrophyllum appendiculatum

3

–

Impatiens capensis

4

–

Laportea canadensis

4

3

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

–

2

Podophyllum peltatum

3

–

Polygonatum biflorum

–

2

Sanicula marilandica

–

2

Smilacina racemosa

2

–

Ulmus rubra

–

1

Vitis sp.

–

2

Acer saccharum

3

–

Alliaria petiolata*

–

2

Boehmeria cylindrica

3

2

Carpinus caroliniana

–

2

Cystopteris fragilis

–

1

Geum canadense

–

2

Hydrophllyum appendiculatum

–

3

Hydrophyllum canadense

5

–

Impatiens capensis

3

1

Isopyrum biternatum

–

1

Laportea canadensis

3

2

Lindera benzoin

–

3

Polygonatum biflorum

–

1

Rubus occidentalis

–

2

Trillium flexipes

–

2

Vitis sp.

–

1

Alliaria petiolata*

–

3

Allium tricoccum

2

–

Boehmeria cylindrica

–

3

Carya sp.

–

2

Cornus sp.

1

2

Fraxinus sp.

–

3

Galium aparine

1

–

Geum canadense

–

1

Hydrophyllum appendiculatum

4

–

Impatiens capensis

2

–

Isopyrum biternatum

3

1

Laportea canadensis

4

3

Lindera benzoin

–

3

Liriodendron tulipifera

–

2

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

–

3

Podophyllum peltatum

2

–

Polygonatum biflorum

–

2

Polygonum virginianum

–

1

Prunus serotina

–

2

Ribes cynosbati

–

1

Sanguinaria canadensis

–

1

Toxicodendron radicans

–

2

38

Plot C4

Plot C5

Tradescantia subaspera

1

–

Trillium flexipes

–

1

Acer saccharum

2

–

Alliaria petiolata*

–

2

Eupatorium sp.

2

–

Fraxinus sp.

–

2

Geranium maculatum

2

–

Hydrophyllum appendiculatum

–

2

Hydrophyllum canadense

4

–

Impatiens capensis

3

–

Isopyrum biternatum

1

–

Laportea canadensis

3

2

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

2

3

Polygonatum biflorum

1

2

Polygonum sp.

1

–

Prunus serotina

1

–

Rubus sp.

3

1

Sanicula marilandica

2

2

Taraxacum officinale*

2

–

Toxicodendron radicans

–

2

Tradescantia subaspera

2

1

Viola sp.

1

–

Vitis sp.

–

2

Actea alba

2

1

Aesculus glabra

–

2

Asarum canadense

1

2

Asplenium platyneuron

–

1

Cystopteris fragilis

2

2

Galium aparine

1

–

Geranium maculatum

2

–

Geum canadense

–

1

Hydrophyllum appendiculatum

2

–

Impatiens capensis

3

–

Laportea canadensis

4

2

Liriodendron tulipifera

2

–

Lonicera tatarica

2

3

Polygonatum biflorum

1

2

Rubus sp.

3

–

Sanicula marilandica

3

3

Sanquinaria canadensis

–

1

Solidago flexicaulis

3

2

Stylophorum diphyllum

–

1

Taraxacum officinale*

1

–

Toxicodendron radicans

–

1

Tradescantia subaspera

2

1

Ulmus rubra

–

1

Vitis sp.

–

1

39

Plot C6

Plot C7

Plot C8

Acer saccharum

3

–

Aesculus glabra

–

2

Alliaria petiolata*

–

2

Arisaema triphyllum

–

2

Asarum canadense

–

2

Asimina triloba

2

–

Carex laxiflora

1

1

Carex sp.

–

1

Cystopteris fragilis

1

2

Eupatorium sp.

1

–

Fraxinus sp.

–

2

Galium aparine

1

–

Geranium maculatum

2

–

Geum canadense

–

2

Helianthus divaricatus

1

–

Hydrophyllum appendiculatum

2

1

Impatiens capensis

2

–

Isopyrum biternatum

1

2

Laportea canadensis

2

2

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

3

–

Podophyllum peltatum

3

2

Polygonatum biflorum

1

2

Polygonum virginianum

1

3

Sanicula marilandica

3

2

Toxicodendron radicans

–

2

Tradescantia subaspera

4

1

Ulmus sp.

1

–

Viola sp.

2

–

Asarum canadense

1

3

Asimina triloba

3

–

Cirsium sp.

1

–

Elymus hystrix

–

2

Fraxinus sp.

–

1

Geranium maculatum

3

–

Hydrophyllum appendiculatum

–

4

Hydrophyllum macrophyllum

2

–

Impatiens capensis

2

–

Laportea canadensis

2

2

Phacelia bipinnatifida

4

–

Polygonatum biflorum

1

1

Ribes cynobasti

1

2

Sanicula marilandica

1

2

Stylophorum diphyllum

–

1

Taraxacum officinale*

1

–

Tradescantia subaspera

1

–

Trillium flexipes

–

2

Vitis sp.

1

1

Acer saccharum

2

1

40

Plot C9

Allium tricoccum

3

–

Brachyelytrum erectum

–

1

Carex laxiflora

1

1

Cystopteris fragilis

1

1

Fraxinus sp.

–

3

Galium aparine

1

–

Geranium maculatum

2

2

Helianthus divaricatus

2

–

Hepatica americana

2

2

Hydrophyllum macrophyllum

1

–

Impatiens capensis

2

1

Isopyrum biternatum

1

–

Lindera benzoin

–

1

Liriodendron tulipifera

3

–

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

3

1

Podophyllum peltatum

2

–

Polygonatum biflorum

1

1

Polygonum virginianum

–

1

Quercus sp.

1

–

Ribes cynobasti

2

2

Rubus sp.

2

–

Sanicula marilandica

3

–

Smilax hispida

–

1

Solidago sp.

2

1

Stylophorum diphyllum

–

1

Taraxacum officinale*

1

–

Tradescantia subaspera

1

1

Viola sp.

2

1

Vitis sp.

1

1

Acer saccharum

3

1

Aesculus glabra

2

–

Asarum canadense

2

1

Cardamine concatenata

1

–

Carya sp.

2

2

Cinna arundinacea

1

–

Cystopteris fragilis

2

1

Fraxinus sp.

3

2

Helianthus divaricatus

1

–

Hepatica americana

1

1

Isopyrum biternatum

1

–

Laportea canadensis

2

–

Lindera benzoin

–

2

Liriodendron tulipifera

1

–

Lonicera tatarica

1

–

Medeola virginiana

2

–

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

2

2

Phacelia bipinnatifida

2

–

Phlox divaricata

–

1

Podophyllum peltatum

4

1

41

Plot D1

Plot D2

Plot D3

Polygonatum biflorum

1

1

Polygonum sp.

1

1

Prunus serotina

2

1

Quercus sp.

–

1

Rubus sp.

2

–

Sanicula marilandica

1

–

Tradescantia subaspera

3

2

Trillium flexipes

–

1

Ulmus sp.

2

–

Viola sp.

2

–

Acer saccharum

4

4

Arisaema triphyllum

1

1

Carex laxiflora

–

1

Carex sp.

2

3

Cercis canadensis

1

–

Elymus hystrix

–

2

Hydrophyllum macrophyllum

1

–

Jeffersonia diphylla

3

–

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

2

–

Polygonatum biflorum

1

–

Prunus serotina

1

–

Sanguinaria canadensis

1

2

Solidago sp.

1

–

Staphylea trifolia

–

2

Vitis sp.

1

1

Acer saccharum

2

2

Agrimonia parviflora

1

2

Brachyelytrum erectum

–

2

Carex sp.

1

1

Cinna arundinacea

1

–

Elymus hystrix

–

2

Hydrophyllum macrophyllum

1

–

Oxalis stricta

2

–

Podophyllum peltatum

–

1

Polygonatum biflorum

–

1

Polygonum virginianum

1

1

Sanicula marilandica

3

–

Smilacina racemosa

2

–

Smilax hispida

–

2

Viola sp.

1

2

Acer saccharum

3

3

Aesculus glabra

–

2

Cardamine concatenata

1

–

Fraxinus sp.

–

1

Helianthus decapetalus

1

–

Helianthus divaricatus

1

–

Hydrophyllum marcrophyllum

1

–

42

Plot D4

Plot D5

Plot D6

Plot D7

Isopyrum biternatum

1

–

Jeffersonia diphylla

1

–

Osmorhiza claytoniii

1

–

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

–

2

Polygonatum biflorum

–

1

Quercus sp.

1

1

Smilax hispida

1

–

Tradescantia subaspera

1

–

Acer saccharum

5

5

Arisaema triphyllum

2

–

Cystopteris fragilis

1

–

Fagus grandifolia

–

2

Fraxinus sp.

1

5

Laportea canadensis

1

–

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

1

4

Podophyllum peltatum

4

1

Quercus sp.

–

1

Solidago sp.

2

3

Acer saccharum

3

2

Cardamine concatenata

1

–

Cinna arundinacea

1

–

Fraxinus sp.

–

2

Lysimachia lanceolata

1

–

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

–

1

Podophyllum peltatum

2

–

Polygonatum biflorum

1

1

Sanguinaria canadensis

–

1

Ulmus sp.

1

–

Acer saccharum

3

2

Cardamine concatenata

1

–

Carya sp.

–

1

Cercis canadensis

–

1

Elymus hystrix

–

2

Fraxinus sp.

–

3

Podophyllum peltatum

3

3

Polygonatum biflorum

–

1

Prenanthes altissima

1

2

Quercus sp.

1

1

Sanguinaria canadensis

1

–

Acer saccharum

4

4

Cardamine concatenata

1

–

Crataegus sp.

2

3

Elymus hystrix

–

1

Fraxinus sp.

2

2

Oxalis stricta

1

–

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

–

2

43

Plot D8

Plot D9

Plot F1

Polygonatum biflorum

2

1

Polygonum virginianum

–

1

Quercus sp.

–

1

Solidago sp.

2

3

Viola sagittata

–

1

Acer saccharum

1

–

Antennaria neglecta

1

2

Aster sp.

1

–

Celtis occidentalis

1

–

Erigeron annuus

–

2

Festuca subverticillata

–

4

Fraxinus sp.

2

–

Galium tinctorium

–

2

Hydrangea arborescens

–

2

Oxalis stricta

1

–

Polygonatum biflorum

1

–

Ribes cynobasti

–

2

Solidago sp.

1

–

Taraxacum officinale*

1

1

Viola sagittata

–

2

Acer saccharum

1

–

Anemonella thalictroides

–

2

Carex laxiflora

1

–

Carex sp.

3

–

Dichanthelium clandestinum

–

1

Fagus grandifolia

–

2

Festuca subverticillata

–

3

Fraxinus sp.

2

2

Galium circaezans

1

–

Hepatica americana

–

1

Hypericum punctatum

1

–

Isopyrum biternatum

1

–

Lysmachia landeolata

–

1

Oxalis stricta

1

–

Polygonatum biflorum

–

1

Polystrichum acrostichoides

–

1

Prenanthes altissima

1

–

Quercus sp.

–

1

Senecio obovatus

1

–

Smilacina racemosa

1

–

Solidago caesia

–

1

Solidago flexicaulis

–

1

Viola sp.

1

–

Botrychium sp.

1

–

Carex laxiflora

1

2

Carex sp.

–

2

Celtis occidentalis

–

1

44

Plot F2

Plot F3

Plot F4

Fraxinus sp.

4

4

Laportea canadensis

2

–

Lysimachia lanceolata

1

2

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

2

–

Phlox divaricata

–

1

Polygonum virginianum

1

1

Prenathes altissima

–

2

Quercus sp.

–

1

Rubus sp.

3

1

Sanguinaria canadensis

1

1

Sanicula marilandica

2

–

Solidago sp.

1

–

Toxicodendron radicans

–

1

Viola sp.

2

2

Acer saccharum

1

–

Arisaema triphyllum

1

2

Boehmeria cylindrica

3

–

Carex sp.

–

2

Carya sp.

1

–

Cercis canadensis

1

–

Dioscorea quaternata

–

2

Festuca verticillata

–

2

Fraxinus sp.

1

–

Geum canadense

1

–

Lysimachia lanceolata

1

–

Oxalis stricta

1

–

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

1

2

Ulmus sp.

1

–

Viola sp.

1

–

Acer saccharum

1

–

Carex sp.

1

2

Celtis occidentalis

1

–

Galium sp.

–

1

Lindera benzoin

–

1

Lysimachia lanceolata

1

–

Ostrya virginiana

–

1

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

1

2

Phlox divericata

1

1

Podophyllum peltatum

3

–

Acer saccharum

2

2

Arisaema triphyllum

–

1

Carex laxiflora

1

–

Carex sp.

–

2

Fagus grandifolia

1

–

Festuca subverticillata

–

3

Fraxinus quadrangulata

–

2

Fraxinus sp.

2

2

45

Plot F5

Plot F6

Galium circaezans

1

–

Galium tinctorium

–

2

Geum canadense

1

–

Helianthus divaricatus

1

–

Lindera benzoin

–

2

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

–

2

Phlox divaricata

1

1

Podophyllum peltatum

3

–

Polygonatum biflorum

–

2

Prunus serotina

3

2

Ribes cynobasti

2

2

Rubus occidentalis

–

3

Stellaria pubera

1

–

Ulmus sp.

1

–

Viola sp.

1

–

Vitis sp.

–

2

Acer saccharum

1

2

Arisaema triphyllum

1

–

Carex sp.

1

3

Carex sp. 2

–

1

Cornus florida

1

–

Fagus grandifolia

–

2

Fraxinus quadrangulata

–

2

Lysimachia lanceolata

1

1

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

2

2

Podophyllum peltatum

3

–

Polygonatum biflorum

1

1

Prunus serotina

1

–

Quercus sp.

1

–

Stellaria pubera

1

–

Acer saccharum

1

2

Arisaema triphyllum

1

1

Carya sp.

1

2

Celtis occidentalis

1

–

Fraxinus quadrangulata

–

3

Galium circaezans

1

–

Helianthus divaricatus

1

–

Lindera benzoin

–

3

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

2

3

Phlox divaricata

–

1

Podophyllum peltatum

3

–

Polygonatum biflorum

–

1

Polygonum virginianum

1

–

Quercus sp.

–

1

Rosa sp.

1

–

Sanicula marilandica

2

–

Toxicodendron radicans

1

–

Viola sp.

2

1

46

Plot F7

Plot F8

Plot F9

Acer saccharum

1

–

Arisaema dracontium

–

1

Boehmeria cylindrica

–

1

Cornus sp.

–

2

Euonymus alatus*

–

2

Fagus grandifolia

2

3

Fraxinus sp.

3

2

Lindera benzoin

3

5

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

2

3

Podophyllum peltatum

2

–

Rubus occidentalis

–

2

Sanicula marilandica

3

–

Viola sp.

1

–

Acer saccharum

2

2

Boehmeria cylindrica

1

1

Cardamine concatenata

1

–

Carex laxiflora

–

1

Euonymus alatus*

–

1

Fagus grandifolia

–

3

Fraxinus sp.

3

2

Galium sp.

–

1

Galium tinctorium

3

2

Lysimachia lanceolata

2

–

Osmorhiza claytoniii

1

–

Ostrya virginiana

–

1

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

2

2

Podophyllum peltatum

2

–

Polygonum virginianum

2

–

Sanicula marilandica

–

2

Solidago sp.

1

1

Stellaria pubera

2

–

Viola sp.

2

–

Vitis sp.

1

–

Acer saccharum

2

–

Botrychium sp.

1

–

Cornus florida

1

–

Fraxinus sp.

3

3

Galium circaezans

1

–

Lysimachia lanceolata

2

2

Ostrya virginiana

–

2

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

2

2

Podophyllum peltatum

2

–

Prunus serotina

1

–

Rosa multiflora*

–

1

Stellaria pubera

1

–

Viola sp.

1

2

Vitis sp.

–

2

47

Plot G1

Plot G2

Plot G3

Plot G4

Acer saccharum

3

–

Aesculus glabra

1

–

Arisaema triphyllum

–

2

Asarum canadense

1

2

Asimina triloba

–

3

Boehmeria cylindrica

3

–

Cystopteris fragilis

4

3

Elymus hystrix

–

2

Hydrophyllum macrophyllum

–

1

Isopyrum biternatum

1

–

Laportea canadensis

2

2

Osmorhiza claytoniii

1

–

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

1

3

Quercus sp.

–

1

Sanicula marilandica

1

2

Viola sp.

–

2

Actea alba

–

2

Asarum canadense

2

3

Geranium maculatum

3

1

Isopyrum biternatum

2

–

Laportea canadensis

3

4

Lindera benzoin

4

3

Osmorhiza claytoniii

2

–

Polygonatum biflorum

1

1

Sanicula marilandica

2

3

Tradescantia subaspera

2

–

Acer saccharum

1

–

Arisaema triphyllum

1

–

Asarum canadense

2

3

Boehmeria cylindrica

–

3

Carex laxiflora

1

–

Cinna arundinacea

1

–

Cryptotaenia canadensis

–

1

Cystopteris fragilis

1

1

Elymus hystrix

–

1

Galium circaezans

1

–

Hydrophyllum macrophyllum

1

–

Impatiens capensis

1

–

Isopyrum biternatum

1

–

Lindera benzoin

3

3

Podophyllum peltatum

–

2

Polygonatum biflorum

1

–

Sanicula marilandica

1

2

Tradescantia subaspera

2

2

Acer saccharum

1

1

Allium tricoccum

–

1

48

Plot G5

Plot G6

Arisaema triphyllum

–

2

Asarum canadense

2

3

Carya sp.

1

2

Carex sp. 2

–

2

Cystopteris fragilis

1

–

Fraxinus sp.

2

1

Galium circaezans

1

–

Hydrophyllum macrophyllum

1

2

Isopyrum biternatum

2

1

Lindera benzoin

3

3

Lysimachia lanceolata

1

–

Osmorhiza claytoniii

1

–

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

1

–

Phlox divaricata

–

2

Podophyllum peltatum

3

1

Polygonatum biflorum

–

1

Polygonum virginianum

–

1

Quercus sp.

–

1

Viola sp.

2

1

Acer saccharum

2

–

Arisaema triphyllum

1

1

Asarum canadense

2

2

Cardamine concatenata

1

–

Carex laxiflora

1

1

Carya sp.

1

–

Celtis occidentalis

1

–

Cystopteris fragilis

2

2

Fraxinus sp.

1

1

Isopyrum biternatum

3

–

Lysmachia lanceolata

1

–

Polygonatum biflorum

–

1

Polygonum virginianum

2

–

Sanicula marilandica

1

–

Viola sp.

2

2

Acer saccharum

2

3

Arisaema triphyllum

1

2

Cardamine concatenata

1

–

Carex laxiflora

–

1

Carya sp.

–

2

Cryptotaenia canadensis

–

1

Fraxinus sp.

3

2

Galium aparine

1

–

Isopyrum biternatum

1

–

Laportea canadensis

4

–

Osmorhiza claytoniii

2

–

Phlox divaricata

1

–

Polemonium reptans

1

–

Polygonatum biflorum

2

–

49

Plot G7

Plot G8

Plot G9

Sanguinaria canadensis

1

2

Sanicula marilandica

2

2

Tradescantia subaspera

2

2

Viola sp.

1

2

Acer saccharum

1

2

Alliaria petiolata*

–

4

Asarum canadense

2

3

Cystopteris fragilis

1

2

Hydrophyllum macrophyllum

1

2

Impatiens capensis

2

–

Laportea canadensis

4

2

Lindera benzoin

3

2

Ostrya virginiana

–

1

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

–

3

Podophyllum peltatum

3

2

Polygonatum biflorum

1

2

Viola sp.

2

–

Acer saccharum

2

2

Asarum canadense

3

3

Cystopteris fragilis

1

2

Epifagus virginiana

–

1

Fraxinus sp.

3

3

Galium aparine

1

–

Isopyrum biternatum

–

1

Laportea canadensis

–

2

Lindera benzoin

2

2

Ostrya virginiana

–

1

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

2

3

Phacelia bipinnatifida

1

1

Podophyllum peltatum

3

2

Polygonatum biflorum

–

1

Ribes cynobasti

3

–

Sanicula marilandica

2

–

Acer saccharum

–

1

Arisaema triphyllum

–

1

Asarum canadense

3

2

Asimina triloba

4

4

Cardamine concatenata

2

–

Carex sp.

1

–

Cystopteris fragilis

3

2

Fraxinus sp.

1

–

Galium aparine

1

–

Hydrophyllum macrophyllum

–

1

Impatiens capensis

1

–

Isopyrum biternatum

2

1

Laportea canadensis

–

3

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

1

–

50

Plot H1

Plot H2

Plot H3

Phacelia bipinnatifida

2

–

Phlox divaricata

1

–

Polygonatum biflorum

1

1

Sanicula marilandica

1

2

Smilax hispida

1

–

Staphylea trifolia

4

4

Viola sp.

2

1

Acer saccharum

3

2

Arisaema triphyllum

1

2

Asarum canadense

2

2

Boehmeria cylindrica

3

1

Eupatorium rugosum

1

–

Fraxinus sp.

–

2

Geranium maculatum

–

1

Geum canadense

1

–

Hydrophyllum canadense

–

2

Impatiens capensis

–

1

Laportea canadensis

1

–

Osmorhiza claytoniii

–

1

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

2

–

Polygonatum biflorum

1

–

Polygonum virginianum

1

1

Sanicula marilandica

1

2

Solidago flexicaulis

–

1

Solidago sp.

–

1

Unknown seedling

–

1

Viola sp.

–

1

Acer saccharum

–

1

Asrarum canadense

–

2

Arisaema triphyllum

–

2

Aster sp.

2

–

Carex sp.

1

–

Eupatorium rugosum

2

–

Geranium maculatum

–

1

Hydrophyllum canadense

4

2

Isopyrum biternatum

2

–

Polygonatum biflorum

2

–

Sanicula marilandica

3

3

Solidago flexicaulis

–

1

Vitis sp.

1

–

Arisaema triphyllum

2

–

Asarum canadense

3

3

Aster species #1

1

–

Eupatorium rugosum

2

–

Galium aparine

1

–

Hydrophyllum canadense

5

4

Impatiens capensis

2

–

51

Plot H4

Plot H5

Plot H6

Laportea canadensis

–

3

Podophyllum peltatum

2

–

Sanicula marilandica

–

2

Solidago flexicaulis

–

2

Stylophorum diphyllum

–

2

Vitis sp.

–

2

Asarum canadense

–

2

Hydrophyllum canadense

4

–

Laportea canadensis

2

3

Ribes cynobasti

–

2

Sanicula marilandica

–

4

Acer saccharum

3

–

Actea alba

2

–

Asarum canadense

2

–

Carex jamesii

–

1

Eupatorium rugosum

2

–

Fraxinus sp.

–

3

Geum canadense

–

2

Hydrophyllum appendiculatum

–

1

Hydrophyllum canadense

4

–

Impatiens capensis

1

1

Isopyrum biternatum

1

–

Laportea canadensis

–

2

Oxalis stricta

–

1

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

1

–

Polygonatum biflorum

–

1

Prenanthes altissima

1

–

Sanicula marilandica

3

2

Smilax herbacea

–

2

Solidago flexicaulis

–

3

Tradescantia subaspera

–

2

Ulmus sp.

–

1

Valeriana pauciflora

–

1

Viola sp.

–

3

Acer saccharum

–

2

Aesculus glabra

–

2

Allium tricoccum

–

1

Arisaema triphyllum

–

1

Asarum canadense

3

2

Boehmeria cylindrica

3

–

Cinna arundinacea

1

–

Fraxinus sp.

–

3

Geranium maculatum

–

1

Hydrophyllum appendiculatum

1

2

Hydrophyllum canadense

2

–

Hydrophyllum macrophyllum

2

–

Impatiens capensis

2

–

52

Plot H7

Plot H8

Plot H9

Laportea canadensis

2

–

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

2

2

Podophyllum peltatum

3

–

Quercus sp.

–

1

Sanicula marilandica

3

2

Tradescantia subaspera

1

–

Viola sp.

–

1

Acer sp.

–

2

Arisaema triphyllum

2

1

Asarum canadense

–

1

Asimina triloba

–

1

Carex laxiflora

1

–

Carex sp.

1

1

Fraxinus sp.

–

1

Geranium maculatum

2

1

Helianthus divaricatus

1

–

Hydrophyllum appendiculatum

–

1

Hydrophyllum macrophyllum

2

–

Isopyrum biternatum

1

–

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

3

–

Polygonatum biflorum

2

–

Quercus sp.

1

1

Sanicula marilandica

1

2

Smilax herbacea

–

1

Smilax hispida

1

–

Tradescantia subaspera

2

–

Uvularia grandiflora

1

2

Viola sp.

1

1

Vitis sp.

–

1

Acer saccharum

2

–

Arisaema triphyllum

2

1

Aster sp.

–

1

Aster sp. 2

–

1

Boehmeria cylindrica

2

1

Carex sp.

1

2

Cinna arundinacea

1

–

Cystopteris fragilis

2

1

Dryopteris sp.

–

1

Eupatorium rugosum

2

–

Helianthus divaricatus

1

–

Hydrophyllum macrophyllum

1

–

Polygonatum biflorum

1

1

Sanicula marilandica

3

2

Smilax herbacea

–

1

Tradescantia subaspera

2

–

Viola sp.

–

1

Acer saccharum

3

1

53

Arisaema triphyllum

3

–

Asarum canadense

3

1

Boehmeria cylindrica

2

–

Brachyelytrum erectum

–

1

Carex jamesii

–

1

Carex sp.

2

–

Cinna arundinacea

1

–

Dryopteris marginalis

–

1

Fraxinus sp.

1

2

Geranium maculatum

2

1

Helianthus divaricatus

3

–

Lindera benzoin

–

2

Menispermum canadensis

2

1

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

3

2

Polemonium reptans

3

2

Polygonatum biflorum

2

1

Sanicula marilandica

3

2

Solidago sp.

1

–

Tradescantia subaspera

1

–

Triosteum aurantiacum

–

1

Vitis sp.

1

–

*non-native species

54