Eagle Creek Park Spring Pond 1996 Floral Inventory

Qualitative Vegetation Analysis of Spring Pond Nature Preserve and Adjacent Sites in Eagle Creek Park

Rebecca Dolan and Marcia Moore Friesner Herbarium, Butler University Indianapolis, IN 46208 October, 1996 Funded in part by a grant from the U.S.D.A. Forest Service and the Indiana Department of Natural Resources

TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ..................................................................................................................3 Methods .......................................................................................................................8 Results ..................... ..................................................................................................10 Discussion....................................................................................................................21 Recommendations ...................................................................................................... 23 Literature Cited ...........................................................................................................24 Appendix A. Tree- and herb-layer species by plot for Spring Pond ..............................25

SUMMARY OF FIGURES Aerial maps of Spring Pond Nature Preserve (Figure 1.) .................................................3 Layout of plot centers (Figure 2.) ...................................................................................6 Frequency histograms of individual tree size for common species at Spring Pond Nature Preserve (Figure 3 a-i.) ....................................................15 Drawings of leaves, stems, and seeds of the five most commonly encountered trees in Spring Pond Nature Preserve (Figure 4 a-e.) .....................17 Drawings of the two most common plants in the herb layer of Spring Pond Nature Preserve (Figure 5). ..........................................................19

SUMMARY OF TABLES Master Species list for Spring Pond Nature Preserve (Table 1.) ....................................10 Tree-level species composition in Spring Pond Nature Preserve (Table 2.) ....................13 Statistical comparisons of vegetation in plots inside vs. outside Spring Pond Nature Preserve (Table 3.) ..........................................14 Common herb-layer species in Spring Pond Nature Preserve (Table 4.) ........................18 Observations of rabbit and deer browse at Spring Pond Nature Preserve (Table 5.).......20 Descriptive parameters of old growth forests of the Central Hardwoods region according to Parker (1989) compared to values for Spring Pond Nature Preserve (Table 6.) ...........................................................21

INTRODUCTION Spring Pond Nature Preserve (SPNP) is a 44 acre, mature growth wet-mesic forested site within the Indianapolis Parks Department’s Eagle Creek Park, Marion County, central Indiana. Most of the over 4,000 acre Park is second-growth woods, recovering from clearing for agriculture. SPNP is located in an area that was not cleared according to available records. Aerial photographs document that almost all of SPNP has been continually wooded since at least 1941 (Figure 1). Only a small area in the extreme northeast corner shows evidence of disturbance. Poor drainage with shallow ponds that hold water in the spring probably made this site marginal for row-crops. It is likely grazing and selective logging occurred on the site.

Indianapolis Parks Department, Land Stewardship Section contracted with Butler University, Friesner Herbarium to conduct a study of the vegetation of SPNP in order to quantify the vegetation present.

Adjacent sites of second-growth woods were also surveyed in order to compare vegetational composition in the preserve with sites undergoing recovery from clearing. All woody and herbaceous plants in circular plots around permanent center points were identified and quantified. Species were categorized as native, exotic, or invasive and animal browse was recorded where seen. Goals of the study were to compare species composition in the second-growth sites with the relatively old-growth preserve and to assess the levels of exotic species invasion and browse damage, potential management concerns, within the two forest types.

Figure 1. Aerial maps of Spring Pond Nature Preserve obtained from the U.S. Natural Resources Conservation Service.

(1941-1980).

N

1941

3

Figure 1. Continued.

N

1956

1962

4

Figure 1. Continued.

N

1980’s

1999

5

METHODS Study site. Soils in SPNP and adjacent sites are Brookstone silty clay loam and Crosby silt loam with 0 to 2% slope. These series consist of deep, nearly level, very poorly drained soils on broad, gently undulating till plains. Soils are formed from loess and underlying calcareous glacial till (USDA 1978).

The area receives little human disturbance at the present time. Although there are several narrow, unimproved trails within SPNP, there is no close-by parking and no visitors were seen during our surveys, so trampling effects are minimal and we saw no dumping or litter. Evidence of past disturbance includes old fence-lines on the perimeter of the Preserve and several very old road beds in the interior. We saw no cut stumps. There is some indication of ditching.

Sample methods. Five sites within SPNP and three in adjacent wooded areas were selected for study.

Sample sites were spread throughout the preserve (see oversized map in jacket pocket). Central areas were not sampled in order to make sites fairly easy to relocate. Within each sample area, a 3 x 3 grid system of plot center points, separated by 20 m was established along ordinal axis using a compass and meter tape (Figure 2). Field work was conducted during June, July and August of 1996.

Figure 2. Layout of plot centers. Each of the eight sample sites was given a letter designation (A-G). Within each site, plots were numbered as shown.

N

7

8

9

4

5

6

1

2

3

20m

20m

Woody vegetation was sampled in 100 m2 circular plots (radius = 5.64 m) around each plot center point.

Diameter at breast height (dbh) was measured for each species of tree, vine, and shrub with a dbh of 1 cm or greater. These numbers provided data on the tree-layer vegetation at each study site.

6

Herb-layer vegetation was surveyed in 10 m2 area circles (radius = 1.79 m) around each plot center point.

Herbaceous species presence was recorded along with an estimate of the percentage of the quadrat that is covered by each species. Cover was estimated in equal angular (arcsine square root) classes (1-7%, 8-25%, 26-50%, 51-75%, 76-93%, 94-100%), a procedure that other studies have shown uses class distinctions that most investigators can distinguish and that are free from mathematical quirks that can complicate analyses based on data recorded as ratios (Dolan and Menges, 1989). This technique provided data on both the presence and abundance of species in each quadrat. Nomenclature follows Gleason and Cronquist (1991).

Within each 5.64 m radius circle around plot centers, the vegetation was screened for evidence of animal browse. Browse was credited to rabbits if cut stems were incised or cut at a sharp angle and to white-tail deer (Odocoileus virginicus) if chewed straight across. Evidence of browse was also recorded if seen off of study sites.

The data were analyzed using the software package PC-ORD (McCune 1991). This package calculated standard ecological measures used to compare vegetation and also performed cluster analysis that allows determination of similarities and differences in species composition between site inside and outside of SPNP. These data were also used to examine the relationships between plant community structure, diversity and successional status.

Value of the site from a natural areas perspective was quantified using floristic quality assessment, developed

by Swink and Wilhelm (1994). This rating system assigns coefficient of conservatism (C) values from 0-10 for native species based on their fidelity to high quality habitats. A floristic quality index (I) value is then calculated from the equation _ I=C N

where N is the number of native species. The index allows for comparison between sites.

All plot centers have been marked with permanent markers (ca. 2 in2 brown post-consumer recycled high density polyethylene stakes, ca. 24 in. long pounded to within 6 in. of the ground). Markers have identifying 1 1/4 inch round brass tags labeled with site and plot information.

7

RESULTS One hundred and three species of plants were identified during the study. Table 1 is the master list of all plants encountered in plots inside and outside SPNP, as well as all plants observed but not occurring within study plots. Common names, scientific names and status as native or alien is given. Plants identified only to genus could not be identified to species due to phenological constraints. That is, critical flower or fruit parts needed for identification were not present at the time of the survey. Ninety-five percent of plants seen were native species. No plants listed as rare or endangered were encountered, based on the official Division of Nature Preserve list (1994). Species lists for individual plot centers for tree-layer species and for herblayer species are presented in Appendix A.

Table 1. Master species list for Spring Pond.

List is generated from field work completed in 1996 and 1997.

(Includes species observed off plots)

Scientific Name Acer negundo Acer saccharinum Acer saccharum Actaea alba Aesculus glabra Agrimonia parviflora Agrimonia pubescens Allium tricoccumc Arisaema triphyllum Asimina triloba Asplenium platyneuron Aster sp.

Barbarea vulgarisa,c Boehmeria cylindrica Botrychium sp.

Campanula americana Campsis radicans Cardamine concatenatac Carex sp.

Carpinus caroliniana Carya cordiformis Carya laciniosa Carya ovata Celtis occidentalis Cinna arundinaceac Circaea quadrisulata Cornus florida Cornus sericea Crataegus sp.

Cryptotaenia canadensis Cystopteris fragilis Dicentra cucullaria Diospyros virginiana

Common Name Box elder Silver maple Sugar maple White baneberry Ohio buckeye Small-flowered agrimony Hairy agrimony Wild leek or ramps Jack in the pulpit Paw paw Ebony spleenwort Aster Winter cress False nettle Grape fern Tall bell flower Trumpet creeper Cut-leaf toothwort Sedge, giant fruits Musclewood Bitternut hickory Shellbark hickory Shagbark hickory Hackberry Wood reed Enchanter’s nightshade Flowering dogwood Red-osier dogwood Hawthorn Honewort Brittle fern Dutchman’s breeches Persimmon

8

In

X X X

Out X X X X X

X X X

X X

Coefficient of Conservatism 0 0 3 7 3 7 5 7 4 9 4

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X

2 3

X X X X X X X X X X X

8 7 10 5 3 5 8 6 2 6 6

Table 1. Continued.

Scientific Name

Elaeagnus umbellata Epifagus virginianac Erigenia bulbosa Erythronium americanumc Eupatorium sp.

Eupatorium rugosum Fagus grandifolia Fragaria virginianac Fraxinus pennsylvanica Fraxinus quadrangulata Galium asprellum Galium boreale Galium circaezans Galium triflorum Geum aleppicum var.strictumc Geum canadense Geum virginianum Glechoma hederaceaa,c Grass sp.

Halesia tetraptera Hepatica americana Impatiens capensis Jeffersonia diphylla Juglans nigra Juncus tenuisc Juniperus virginianac Krigia sp.

Leersia virginicac Ligustrum vulgareb Lindera benzoin Liriodendron tulipifera Lonicera japonicab Lonicera maackiib Lycopus americanusc Lycopus virginicus Menispermum canadense Monotropa uniflorac Mustard sp.

Nyssa sylvatica Onoclea sensibilisc Ophioglossum vulgatumc Orchid sp.

Osmorhiza claytonii Oxalis stricta Parthenocissus quinquefolia Phlox divaricatac Phryma leptostachya Phytolacca americana Pilea pumila Platanus occidentalis Podophyllum peltatum Polemonium reptansc Polygonatum biflorum

Common Name

Silver berry Beech-drops Harbinger of spring Trout-lily Joe Pye weed White snakeroot American beech Common strawberry Green ash Blue ash Hay scented bedstraw Smooth bedstraw Wild licorice Three-flowered bedstraw Yellow Avens White avens Rough avens Ground ivy Grass Silverbell tree Liver leaf Spotted jewelweed Twinleaf Black walnut Path rush Red cedar Dwarf dandelion Virginia cut-grass Common privet Spice bush Tulip tree Japanese honeysuckle Amur honeysuckle Cut-leaved water-horehound Bugleweed Canada moonseed Indian pipe Mustard Black gum Sensitive fern Adder’s tongue fern Orchid Sweet cicely Yellow woods sorrel Virginia creeper Spring phlox Lop-seed Pokeweed Clearweed Sycamore May apple Greek valerian Solomon’s seal

9

In

Out

Coefficient of Conservatism

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X

10 10 8 4 5 1 1 8 10 7 7 5 7 1 10

9 3 10 5 2 7 7 5

5 9 6 10 8 8 9 3 0 2 5 4 1 5 9 4 5

Table 1. Continued.

Scientific Name

Polygonum sp.

Polygonum virginianum Populus deltoides Potentilla simplexc Prunella vulgarisa,c Prunus serotina Quercus albac Quercus bicolorc Quercus macrocarpa Quercus michauxii Quercus muehlenbergiic Quercus palustris Quercus rubra Quercus seedlings Ranunculus abortivusc Ranunculus septentrionalisc Ribes cynosbati Rosa sp.

Rubus sp.

Sambucus canadensisc Sanicula marilandica Sassafras albidumc Scutellaria galericulata Scutellaria lateriflora Senecio obovatusc Smilax hispida Staphylea trifoliac Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Taraxacum officinalea,c Tilia americanac Toxicodendron radicans Tradescantia subasperac Trillium sessilec Ulmus rubra Urtica dioicaa Viburnum dentatum Viola pubescensc Viola sororiac Viola sp.

Vitis sp.

Common Name

In

Knotweed Virginia knotweed Cottonwood Common cinquefoil Heal-all Black cherry White oak Swamp white oak Burr oak Swamp chestnut oak Chinqupin oak Pin oak Red oak Oak Kidney-leaved buttercup Swamp buttercup Gooseberry Rose Raspberry Common elderberry Black snakeroot Sassafras Common skullcap Mad dog skullcap Roundleaf ragwort Hispid greenbriar American bladdernut Coral bells Dandelion Basswood or linden Poison ivy Spiderwort Sessile trilium Slippery elm Stinging nettle Southern arrowwood Smooth yellow violet Common purple violet Violet Grape

X X X

a = alien b = noxious alien c = species observed off study plots C = Coefficient of conservatism from Swink & Wilhelm (1994).

10

X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

Out

X X X X

Coefficient of Conservatism

2 2 4 0 1 5 6 5

X

8 8 7

X X X X X X

0 5 5

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

1 6 3 5 5 10 7 2 5 10 10 4 5 3

A total of 762 tree-layer stems were measured. There are differences between tree-level vegetation in sites located inside and outside the preserve based on species composition. A total of 23 species occurred in the tree-level in plots located within SPNP (Table 2). Sugar maple had the highest importance value (29.63) and the greatest density (trees/ha; 242.22), followed in importance value by slippery elm (15.03) and bitternut hickory (8.37). 19 species were seen in plots located outside the preserve. Slippery elm had the greatest importance value (31.04), surpassing sugar maple (25.7) and green ash (13.76). Six species were unique to the outside plots, including the disturbance loving box elder, and pin oak trees that were most likely planted in the 1940’s by J.K. Lilly (pers. com., Don Miller, Stewardship Director, IndyParks).

Beech, Ohio buckeye, musclewood, swamp white oak, shellbark hickory, cottonwood, black cherry, spicebush, bur oak, black gum and shagbark hickory occurred exclusively in plots within the preserve.

Table 2. Tree level species composition in Spring Pond Nature Preserve: Inside Preserve vs. Outside Preserve

Inside Preserve

Common Name

Basal I.V.* Area (trees/ha)(dm2/ha) (%)

Density Basal I.V.* Area (trees/ha)(dm2/ha) (%)

Sugar maple Slippery elm Bitternut hickory American beech Ohio buckeye Green ash Paw paw Musclewood Hackberry Shellbark hickory Burr oak Cottonwood Black cherry Flowering dogwood Blue ash Sycamore Spice bush Swamp chestnut oak Black walnut Black gum Tulip tree Shagbark hickory Persimmon Silver maple Pin oak Box elder Grape Hawthorn Red-osier dogwood

242.22 251.11 53.33 40.00 91.11 31.11 102.22 53.33 28.89 17.78 6.67 4.44 11.11 11.11 24.44 2.22 6.67 2.22 2.22 4.44 2.22 2.22 2.22 -

388.89 409.59 574.07 348.09 14.81 100.89 55.56 496.93 3.70 .08 3.70 .79 22.22 89.28 29.63 1.28 3.70 .44 3.70 .03 3.70 .14 3.70 2.20 7.41 103.86 11.11 279.35 14.81 219.44 11.11 12.23 7.41 .74 3.70 2.30 3.70 .17

Density Species Acer saccharum Ulmus rubra Carya cordiformis Fagus grandifolia Aesculus glabra Fraxinus pennsylvanica Asimina triloba Carpinus caroliniana Celtis occidentalis Carya laciniosa Quercus macrocarpa Populus deltoides Prunus serotina Cornus florida Fraxinus quadrangulata Platunus occidentalis Lindera benzoin Quercus michauxii Juglnas nigra Nyssa sylvatica Liriodendron tulipifera Carya ovata Diospyros virginiana Acer saccharinum Quercus palustris Acer negundo Vitis sp.

Crataegus spp.

Cornus sericea

Outside Preserve

1366.40 169.53 361.74 186.23 29.31 303.58 3.85 13.38 94.84 31.12 109.53 90.61 2.23 1.35 8.07 65.37 .19 27.65 24.02 .26 4.75 1.64 .59 -

29.63 15.03 8.37 5.72 6.75 6.40 6.27 4.36 3.74 2.26 2.04 1.38 1.33 1.32 1.10 1.01 .78 .58 .54 .52 .32 .28 .27 -

* Importance value = mean of relative density, relative basal area and relative frequency.

11

25.70 31.04 3.44 13.76 .45 .47 4.16 2.26 .46 .45 .46 .49 2.58 5.86 5.35 1.21 .92 .49 .46

Structurally, there were more trees per ha in plots located outside the preserve, with larger trees (greater basal area) within the preserve (Table 3). These numbers are, however, not statistically significantly different. It is reasonable to assume that the older growth plots inside SPNP host older, larger trees and that younger successional sites outside support a greater density of smaller stems due to the relatively younger age of the stands. Several trees with very large dbh were measured inside SPNP. Individuals of beech, sugar maple, green ash and bitternut topped 60 cm dby. Many trees were larger than 50 cm dbh.

Table 3. Statistical comparisons of vegetation in plots inside vs. outside Spring Pond Nature Preserve.

Standard deviations are in parentheses. Values inside vs. outside are not statistically significantly different.

tree-layer vegetation

Inside (n=5)

Outside (n=3)

density (stems/ha) basal area (dm2/ha)

1,018 (±293) 2,924 (±793)

1,167 (±117) 2,068 (±585)

10.6 (±0.8) 0.948 (±0.013) 2.206 (±0.049)

12.0 (±1.7) 0.960 (±0.026) 2.365 (±0.193)

herb-layer vegetation richness evenness Shannon-Weaver diversity

Many small diameter trees of sugar maple, green ash, beech and bitternut recorded inside the Preserve indicate these dominant species are replacing themselves (Figure 3 a-i). Slippery elms were common understory trees (maximum dbh 20 cm) both in inside and outside plots, but occurred more frequently in outside plots. Seeds of elm are equipped with wings to promote wind-borne dispersal, unlike primarily animal dispersed species such as beech, oaks and chestnut. Elms may therefore have been among the first forest trees to occupy abandoned old fields. Drawings of leaf, branch, and seed structure for sugar maple, green ash, beech, bitternut hickory, and slippery elm can be found in Figure 4 a-e.

12

Figure 3 a-e.

Frequency histograms of individual tree size for common species at Spring Pond Nature Preserve.

(3a.)

(3b.)

(3c.)

(3d.)

(3e.)

13

Figure 3 f-i.

Frequency histograms of individual tree size for common species at Spring Pond Nature Preserve.

(3f.)

(3g.)

(3h.)

(3i.)

14

Figure 4 a-e.

Drawings of leaves, stems, and seeds of five of the most commonly encountered trees in Spring Pond Nature Preserve (From Fifty Trees of Indiana).

(4a.) Acer saccarum (Sugar maple)

(4b.) Fraxinus pennsylvanica (Green ash)

(4c.) Fagus grandifolia (American beech)

(4d.) Carya cordiformis (Bitternut hickory)

(4e.) Ulmus rubra (Slippery elm)

15

The most common plant in the herb-layer within the preserve was spicebush (found in 82.2% of plots with an average cover class of over 2.6); outside the preserve, jewelweed was the single most common plant (found in 88.9% of all plots with an average cover class of 2.0). Drawings of each may be found in Figure 5. Other common herbs are listed in Table 4. The most striking difference between the locations is the higher frequency of pawpaw, may apple, and sugar maple seedlings within SPNP and the higher frequency of occurrence of poison ivy, blackberries, and avens in plots outside the preserve. Clearweed was found only on inside plots, and wild rose only on outside plots.

Table 4. Common herb-layer species in Spring Pond Nature Preserve: Inside Preserve vs. Outside Preserve.

Species with 20% overall frequency or greater are listed. A total of 74 species was sampled.

Inside Preserve (n = 45) Avg. cover class

Outside Preserve (n = 27)

Common Name

% freq.

Lindera benzoin Polygonum virginianum Impatiens capensis Parthenocissus quinquefolia Viola sp.

Geum canadense Pilea pumila Grass sp.

Carex sp.

Cryptotaenia canadensis Boehmeria cylindrica Sanicula marilandica Asimina triloba Eupatorium rugosum Podophyllum peltatum Smilax hispida Acer saccharum Toxicodendron radicans Geum virginianum Rosa sp.

Rubus sp.

Galium circaezans Botrychium sp.

Campsis radicans Fraxinus pennsylvanica Galium triflorum

Spice bush Virginia knotweed Spotted jewelweed Virginia creeper Violet White avens Clearweed Grass Sedge Honewort False nettle Black snakeroot Paw paw White snakeroot May apple Hispid greenbriar Sugar maple Poison ivy Rough avens Rose Raspberry Wild licorice Grape fern Trumpet creeper Green ash Three-flowered bedstraw Slippery elm

82.2 66.7 64.4 55.6 55.6 46.7 44.4 42.2 40.0 37.8 35.1 31.1 28.9 28.9 28.9 26.7 24.4 22.2 6.7 6.7 11.1 11.1 6.7 17.8

2.711 1.133 1.356 .733 .578 .511 .511 .644 .578 .644 .511 .356 .956 .444 .378 .289 .244 .267 .067 .067 .133 .111 .067 .222

55.6 70.4 88.9 25.9 63.0 77.8 51.9 77.8 29.6 11.1 37.0 3.7 18.5 3.7 11.1 3.7 70.4 59.3 51.9 40.7 29.6 22.2 22.2 22.2

1.259 .889 2.000 .407 .704 1.074 1.074 1.000 .333 .148 .444 .074 .333 .037 .111 .037 .889 .741 .815 .778 .296 .222 .222 .296

4.4 8.9

.067 .089

22.2 22.2

.222 .222

Ulmus rubra

16

% freq.

Avg. cover class

Species

Figure 5. Drawings of Lindera benzoin (Spicebush) and Impatiens capensis (Spotted jewelweed), the most common plants in the herb-layer of Spring Pond Nature Preserve. (From The Illustrated Companion to Gleason and Cronquist’s Manual, 1998).

Lindera benzoin (Spicebush)

Impatiens capensis (Spotted jewelweed)

Composite statistics based on the data presented above can be used to compare the species composition and diversity in inside and outside plots. Although in absolute numbers evenness, richness and ShannonWeaver diversity are greater in outside plots (Table 3), values for the two sites are not significantly different.

Floristic quality index (I) values reflect the differences in quality from a natural areas perspective of the woods inside the relatively old growth nature preserve compared with the younger woods that surround it.

I was equal to 46.0 inside SPNP and 32.8 outside. Swink and Wilhelm (1994) rate sites with I values of less than 20 as of essentially no significance, sites with values greater than 35 as of sufficient conservatism and richness to be of profound importance from a regional perspective and sites with values over 50 as extremely rare and of paramount importance from a natural areas perspective.

Three alien species that can be invasive and may become management concerns were seen only in the outside plots: Amur honeysuckle, Japanese honeysuckle and privet. Heal-all and stinging nettles were the only non-native species encountered within SPNP. They do not generally present management problems.

Twenty-one cases of apparent animal browse were observed (Table 5). Deer damage was reported twice as often as rabbit, most commonly on jewelweed. Thirteen of the total cases were seen in sites outside the preserve, sites where jewelweed is more common. No obvious browse line was seen in the shrub-layer.

17

Table 5. Observations of rabbit and deer browse at Spring Pond Nature Preserve.

Species

Common Name

Plot Location

Cryptotaenia canadensis Impatiens capensis Impatiens capensis Impatiens capensis Impatiens capensis Unknown Impatiens capensis Unknown (nibbled to ground) Agrimony parviflora

Honewort Spotted jewelweed Spotted jewelweed Spotted jewelweed Spotted jewelweed Unknown Spotted jewelweed

A4 C9 Off plot, near C9 Off plot, near E3 Off plot, near E5 Off plot, near F2 F5

Impatiens capensis Rosa sp.

Impatiens capensis Impatiens capensis Impatiens capensis Cornus florida Ulmus rubra Impatiens capensis Impatiens capensis Impatiens capensis Lonicera japonica Impatiens capensis

Unknown Small-flowered agrimony Spotted jewelweed Rose Spotted jewelweed Spotted jewelweed Spotted jewelweed Flowering dogwood Slippery elm Spotted jewelweed Spotted jewelweed Spotted jewelweed Japanese honeysuckle Spotted jewelweed

Rabbit Browse X

X X X X X X

F6 G1 G2 G3 G4 G6 Off plot, near G7 H2 H2 H2 H4 H5 H6 H8

18

Deer Browse

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

DISCUSSION SPNP is described in the Indiana Department of Natural Resources Division of Nature Preserves guide to preserves as a “relatively level, poorly drained upland site, dominated by wet-mesic forest of beech, sugar maple, sycamore, burr oak and ash. There are many wet, poorly drained places scattered throughout. The tract is primarily mature second growth, and represents the type of forest community that once covered the large flat area in central Indiana known as the Tipton Till Plain.” Our data support this description.

The high importance of sugar maple, beech, elm, buckeye and ash in the woods at SPNP matches descriptions of the presettlement forest of Township 16N, Range 2E (which includes SPNP in Section 2), based on witness trees from 1819 surveyor’s records (Blewett and Potzger 1951). The early records of elm, however, were not based on species and most likely included American elm, now all but eliminated in forests due to Dutch elm disease. Also, in SPNP only 18 of the total 447 trees measured on plots were beech.

This species scores a high importance value because most trees were quite large (although small trees were present, too; see Figure 3). White oak was fairly important in the presettlement forests (Blewett and Potzger 1951) but no oaks scored high importance values in our study of SPNP. It may be that the wet soil conditions aren’t favorable for oak (most oaks found were wet-mesic-loving burr oak or swamp white oak) or that oaks were selectively cut historically at the site.

In addition, our data indicate that the forest at SPNP is old enough second growth that it has characteristics ascribed to old growth stands. Features of old growth sites include high tree species richness and diversity, high density and basal area, an uneven-aged canopy comprised of many layers, a rich and unique herbaceous layer and limited evidence of disturbance (Chester et al. 1995). Parker (1989) also lists a significant number of dead snags and downed logs and a horizontal structure of aggregations of canopy trees interspersed with small, all-aged canopy gaps of varying species composition and canopy trees more than 120 years old. All of these features are present at SPNP. Data from our quantitative vegetation analysis of trees in SPNP compare favorably with Parker’s (1989) summary descriptive statistics for old-growth forests in the central hardwoods region (which includes Indiana; Table 6). Several beech trees with dbh’s between 50 and 60 cm were recorded within the Preserve. Trees with diameters in this range may be 250 years old (Fowells 1965).

Table 6. Descriptive parameters of old growth forests of the Central Hardwoods region according to Parker (1989) compared to values for Spring Pond Nature Preserve.

SPNP Parker

In

Out

number of tree species/forest

20 - 40

21

15

number of herb species/forest

17 - 53

50

35

161 - 427

342

444

26.4

14.8

tree density stems > 10.16 cm/ha basal area (m2/ha)

25 - 35

19

Woods in the younger growth areas adjacent to SPNP have a different tree-layer species composition.

Although sugar maple is still of significant importance, the understory species slippery elm scored the highest value. Beeches were absent, indicating that even given sufficient time for succession back to a mature woods, the species composition of sites outside SPNP will not return to that of the presettlement forest.

Clearcutting for agriculture, with its alteration of site hydrology, soil characteristics and soil microorganisms, was too great a disturbance for complete recovery. This further emphasizes the ecological value of the woods inside SPNP and the need for preservation and conservation of the site.

Results of the floristic survey show that the vegetation in SPNP is of significant regional natural areas value, assuming that the species exhibit the same patterns of conservatism in the Indianapolis area that they have in the Chicago area (that is, that Swink and Wilhem’s (1994) coefficient of conservatism values are applicable in central Indiana). The plots located in younger growth stands adjacent to the Preserve also score a fairly high index value, indicating the relative quality of the entire site. White-tail deer, very common in Eagle Creek Park, do have the potential to harm the plants in SPNP. Most studies of deer damage have focused on damage to woody plants, usually in the context of forestry and clear-cut regeneration (Miller et al. 1992).

White-tailed deer survive the winter eating low-nutrient woody stems and grasses but in the spring and summer switch to herbs. There have been documented cases of deer influencing the distribution and abundance of woody and herbaceous plants (Balgooyen and Waller 1995) and of negative impacts of deer on rare plants in some states (Miller et al. 1992) but care must be taken with generalizations because deer behavior and habitat vary widely from region to region and the effects of deer browsing vary with individual browse species (Strole 1992).

We did not see evidence of deer browse damage to woody vegetation within our study plots but did see damage to bark at other sites in SPNP. Most sightings within study plots were of damage to jewelweed on plots outside SPNP (Table 5). It may be that the deer spend more time in fields and adjacent woods than in the Preserve which is surrounded by younger second growth stands. These younger woods are more open and have more edge adjacent to mowed fields.

20

RECOMMENDATIONS Old growth woods with features such as those at SPNP do not need as much active management as some other plant communities such as prairie (Martin 1992). Parker (1989) states forests on more extreme sites and those currently dominated by sugar maple appear to be more stable in species composition than forests on drier soils originally dominated by oak and hickory species. The stable age distributions of the dominant tree species inside SPNP support this trend (Figure 3).

The apparent stability of the vegetation in SPNP is likely due to the hydrology of the area. The presence of spring ponds on the site is probably why the area was never cleared for agriculture. The current plant community and ecological conditions present: a mature, closed-canopy woods on seasonally wet soils, may be in part responsible for the few exotic species in SPNP and certainly depend on the present water-table.

It is therefore important that drainage of the site not be altered.

Although we did not see evidence of invasive exotics in need of management attention within SPNP, a few potentially problematic species were present at low frequencies in adjacent sites. Continued monitoring is needed, making use of the permanent plots to check for changes in the biota. The habitat quality assessment index values can be used as baseline data from which to compare changes in the quality of the species present from a natural areas perspective.

The regional extent of deer damage to central hardwoods forests has not been quantified (Parker 1989).

We did not observe a lot of evidence of deer damage within SPNP. However, by the time deer damage is obvious, it may be irreversible (Balgooyen and Waller 1995). Resource managers should continue to monitor deer browse at SPNP, using the permanent plots for collection of comparative data. It may be that at this time deer prefer the edge and open areas outside the Preserve. If negative impacts are seen, future action could include fencing the Preserve or decreasing the size of the white-tail deer population.

21

LITERATURE CITED Balgooyen, C.P. and D.M. Waller. 1995. The use of Clintonia borealis and other indicators to gauge impacts of white-tailed deer on plant communities in northern Wisconsin, USA. Natural Areas Journal 15:308-318.

Blewett, M.B. and J.E. Potzger. 1951. The forest primeval of Marion and Johnson Counties, Indiana in 1819. Butler University Botanical Studies 10:40-52.

Chester, E.W., S.M. Noel, J.M. Baskin, C.C. Baskin and M.L. McReynolds. 1995. A phytosociological analysis of and old-growth upland wet woods on the Pennyroyal Plain, southcentral Kentucky, USA. Natural Areas Journal 15:297-307.

Fowells, F.A. 1965. Silvics of forest trees of the United States. U.S. Forest Service Handbook 271. 764 p.

Gleason, H.A. and A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of the vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. 910 p.

Indiana Department of Natural Resources. 1993. Indiana’s rare plants and animals: A checklist of endangered and threatened species. Indianapolis, IN 126 p.

Martin, W.H. 1992. Characterisitics of old-growth mixed mesophytic forests. Natural Areas Journal 12:127-135.

McCune, B. 1991. Multivariate analysis on the PC-ORD system. Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR. 123 p.

Miller, S.G., S.P. Bratton and J. Hadidian. 1992. Impacts of white-tailed deer on endangered and threatened vascular plants. Natural Areas Journal 12:67-74.

Parker, G.R. 1989. Old-growth forests of the central hardwoods region. Natural Areas Journal 9:5-11.

United States Department of Agriculture Soil conservation Service. 1978. Soil survey of Marion County, Indiana.

Strole, T.A. and R.C. Anderson. 1992. White-tailed deer browsing: species preferences and implications for central Illinois forests. Natural Areas Journal 12:139-144.

22

Appendix A. Tree- and herb-layer species by plot for Spring Pond Nature Preserve.

Output from Program SUMMARY Tree-layer data for Spring Pond ____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotA1 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

.1 .0 .0 .0 .2 .1 7.1

2.6 2.5 2.5 1.7 5.1 4.3 30.1

14 14 5 5 36 2 9

Species Fraxinus pennsylvanica Fraxinus pennsylvanica Asimina triloba Asimina triloba Ulmus rubra Acer saccharum Carya cordiformis

Code Name FRAPEN FRAPEN ASITRI ASITRI ULMRUB ACESAC CARCOR

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotA2 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

.0 .2 .0 .0 .1 .0 .0 .1 .0 8.6 .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .6 24.2 22.1

1.7 4.9 2.2 2.1 3.1 2.2 2.3 2.8 2.0 33.0 4.4 4.3 3.8 3.0 3.3 2.7 8.5 55.5 53.1

5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 4 4 4 4 2 2 36 12 10

Species Asimina triloba Asimina triloba Asimina triloba Asimina triloba Asimina triloba Asimina triloba Asimina triloba Asimina triloba Asimina triloba Acer saccharum Aesculus glabra Aesculus glabra Aesculus glabra Aesculus glabra Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Ulmus rubra Fagus grandifolia Celtis occidentalis

Code Name ASITRI ASITRI ASITRI ASITRI ASITRI ASITRI ASITRI ASITRI ASITRI ACESAC AESGLA AESGLA AESGLA AESGLA ACESAC ACESAC ULMRUB FAGGRA CELOCC

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotA3 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

.1 .0 6.1 32.5 .1 .1 .2 .2 .3

3.1 2.5 27.9 64.3 3.9 2.6 5.2 4.6 6.1

14 14 2 2 36 36 36 36 23

Species Fraxinus pennsylvanica Fraxinus pennsylvanica Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Prunus serotina

23

Code Name FRAPEN FRAPEN ACESAC ACESAC ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB PRUSER

Sample unit: PlotA4 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

4.3 20.0 10.2

23.5 50.5 36.0

2 2 9

Species Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Carya cordiformis

Code Name ACESAC ACESAC CARCOR

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotA5 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

5.6 4.4 .1 .0 .1 .1

26.7 23.8 2.8 2.2 3.0 2.7

2 2 2 2 2 2

Species Acer Acer Acer Acer Acer Acer

saccharum saccharum saccharum saccharum saccharum saccharum

Code Name ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotA6 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

.1 .1 3.5 11.7

4.2 3.0 21.0 38.6

14 5 2 2

Species Fraxinus pennsylvanica Asimina triloba Acer saccharum Acer saccharum

Code Name FRAPEN ASITRI ACESAC ACESAC

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotA7 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

10.8 19.8

37.0 50.2

2 2

Species Acer saccharum Acer saccharum

Code Name ACESAC ACESAC

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotA8 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

.0 .0 20.7 .0 .3 .2 .1

2.3 2.3 51.4 2.5 6.0 4.4 3.1

12 12 2 2 2 2 2

Species Fagus grandifolia Fagus grandifolia Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum

24

Code Name FAGGRA FAGGRA ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC

Sample unit: PlotA9 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Code Name

.1 2.7 14 Fraxinus pennsylvanica FRAPEN .1 4.0 4 Aesculus glabra AESGLA .1 3.2 4 Aesculus glabra AESGLA .1 4.1 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.1 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 5.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 4.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.7 10 Celtis occidentalis CELOCC .2 5.5 10 Celtis occidentalis CELOCC .3 5.8 39 Diospyros virginiana DIOVIR .4 7.3 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB ____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PLOTB1 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Code Name

1.2 12.3 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .7 9.6 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .1 3.2 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .1 2.8 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .2 5.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 5.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .5 7.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 12.3 39.6 24 Quercus palustris QUEPAL ____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotB2 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Code Name

1.0 11.2 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB 1.7 14.6 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .0 2.4 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB 1.1 12.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.3 12.9 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 21.8 52.7 24 Quercus palustris QUEPAL __________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotB3 BA(sq.dm) DBH(cm) Code Species Code Name 1.1 .0 .1 .6 .1 13.8 .1 .8 .1 .1 1.7

11.8 2.4 3.9 8.7 3.4 41.9 3.1 10.3 3.8 3.8 14.6

23 36 36 36 36 39 2 2 2 38 36

Prunus serotina Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Diospyros virginiana Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Vitis sp.

Ulmus rubra

25

PRUSER ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB DIOVIR ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC VITSPP ULMRUB

Sample unit: PlotB4 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

11.4 4.6 .3 .0 .0 .0 .1 .3 1.4 .2 .0 1.4 2.3 .1 .1 3.0 .6

38.1 24.3 5.9 1.9 2.3 2.0 2.6 5.8 13.2 4.9 2.0 13.5 17.2 3.5 3.2 19.7 8.7

14 23 36 36 36 36 36 36 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 18

Species Fraxinus pennsylvanica Prunus serotina Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Liriodendron tulipifera

Code Name FRAPEN PRUSER ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC LIRTUL

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotB5 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

1.7 .1 .1 .7 .2 .6 .3 .7 1.1 .0 1.0 5.0

14.8 3.0 3.7 9.3 4.7 8.5 5.8 9.7 11.8 1.7 11.4 25.2

23 36 36 36 36 36 2 2 2 2 2 2

Species Prunus serotina Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum

Code Name PRUSER ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotB6 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

.3 1.5 .2 2.1 .1 .8 .4 2.0

6.6 14.0 5.3 16.5 4.1 9.8 7.0 15.8

36 36 2 2 2 2 2 2

Species Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum

Code Name ULMRUB ULMRUB ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC

____________________________________________________________________________

26

Sample unit: PlotB7 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Code Name

18.9 49.1 14 Fraxinus pennsylvanica FRAPEN .1 3.3 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .1 3.2 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .2 5.2 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .5 8.0 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .1 4.2 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .2 5.3 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .7 9.5 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .2 5.2 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .0 1.8 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .6 9.0 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB 1.3 12.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.2 12.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 7.7 31.3 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC ____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotB8 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Code Name

3.1 20.0 14 Fraxinus pennsylvanica FRAPEN 12.6 40.1 23 Prunus serotina PRUSER .3 5.8 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .5 8.2 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .3 5.7 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB 1.1 11.8 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB 1.1 11.8 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB 14.3 42.6 39 Diospyros virginiana DIOVIR .6 9.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 4.3 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.5 13.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .7 9.1 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 4.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 39.0 70.5 1 Acer saccharinum ACESRN ____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotB9 BA(sq.dm) DBH(cm) Code Species Code Name .4 3.1 .8 .2 .1 .7 2.1 .3 .1 .4 .0 .7 2.3 1.2 .5

7.2 20.0 10.3 5.2 3.3 9.3 16.3 6.5 2.7 7.0 2.2 9.7 17.1 12.5 7.9

36 36 36 10 36 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 36 36

Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Celtis occidentalis Ulmus rubra Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra

27

ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB CELOCC ULMRUB ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ULMRUB ULMRUB

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotC1 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

27.3 24.7 10.8 3.9 7.9 14.1 1.7

59.0 56.1 37.0 22.4 31.7 42.4 14.7

14 14 2 2 2 2 2

Species Fraxinus pennsylvanica Fraxinus pennsylvanica Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum

Code Name FRAPEN FRAPEN ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotC2 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

23.3 .0 .0 11.3 2.0 8.2 1.4

54.5 2.2 1.6 37.9 16.0 32.4 13.4

14 12 17 2 2 2 2

Species Fraxinus pennsylvanica Fagus grandifolia Lindera benzoin Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum

Code Name FRAPEN FAGGRA LINBEN ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotC3 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Code Name

.1 3.0 10 Celtis occidentalis CELOCC 17.0 46.5 10 Celtis occidentalis CELOCC .1 2.6 10 Celtis occidentalis CELOCC .2 4.8 4 Aesculus glabra AESGLA .1 3.4 4 Aesculus glabra AESGLA .2 4.7 4 Aesculus glabra AESGLA .6 8.4 4 Aesculus glabra AESGLA .2 5.0 4 Aesculus glabra AESGLA .1 2.8 4 Aesculus glabra AESGLA .2 5.3 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .1 3.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 15.9 45.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 6.1 27.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 16.5 45.9 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 10.8 37.1 15 Juglans nigra JUGNIG ____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotC4 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

35.9 .1 .0 .0 .0 1.0

67.6 2.9 1.2 1.3 1.2 11.5

14 4 5 5 5 2

Species Fraxinus pennsylvanica Aesculus glabra Asimina triloba Asimina triloba Asimina triloba Acer saccharum

28

Code Name FRAPEN AESGLA ASITRI ASITRI ASITRI ACESAC

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotC5 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 2.4 16.8 3.4 4.5

2.1 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.7 17.6 46.2 20.9 23.9

5 5 5 5 5 5 2 2 2 2

Species Asimina triloba Asimina triloba Asimina triloba Asimina triloba Asimina triloba Asimina triloba Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum

Code Name ASITRI ASITRI ASITRI ASITRI ASITRI ASITRI ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotC6 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

.1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 12.6 .0

3.6 1.6 1.5 2.0 2.5 1.9 1.9 1.6 2.2 40.0 1.9

4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 17

Species Aesculus glabra Asimina triloba Asimina triloba Asimina triloba Asimina triloba Asimina triloba Asimina triloba Asimina triloba Asimina triloba Acer saccharum Lindera benzoin

Code Name AESGLA ASITRI ASITRI ASITRI ASITRI ASITRI ASITRI ASITRI ASITRI ACESAC LINBEN

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotC7 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

19.6 22.9

49.9 54.0

2 2

Species Acer saccharum Acer saccharum

Code Name ACESAC ACESAC

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotC8 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

.0 10.8 1.1 15.6

2.0 37.0 11.9 44.6

2 2 2 2

Species Acer Acer Acer Acer

saccharum saccharum saccharum saccharum

Code Name ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC

____________________________________________________________________________

29

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotC9 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

.1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0

2.7 1.9 1.8 1.5 2.0 1.9 2.0

5 5 5 5 5 5 5

Species Asimina Asimina Asimina Asimina Asimina Asimina Asimina

Code Name triloba triloba triloba triloba triloba triloba triloba

ASITRI ASITRI ASITRI ASITRI ASITRI ASITRI ASITRI

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotD1 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

.3 2.9 1.1 .2 .3 .3 1.5 .4 .4 .1 .8

6.4 19.3 11.8 4.4 6.3 6.2 14.0 6.8 7.5 3.6 10.0

36 9 9 4 36 36 36 36 2 11 6

Species Ulmus rubra Carya cordiformis Carya cordiformis Aesculus glabra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Acer saccharum Cornus florida Carpinus caroliniana

Code Name ULMRUB CARCOR CARCOR AESGLA ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ACESAC CORFLO CARCAR

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotD2 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

.0 1.6 .8 .7 .2 .3 .4 .0 .0 .3 .4

1.4 14.1 9.8 9.1 5.2 5.8 7.0 2.4 2.0 6.5 7.3

10 36 36 36 36 36 36 5 2 6 6

Species Celtis occidentalis Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Asimina triloba Acer saccharum Carpinus caroliniana Carpinus caroliniana

Code Name CELOCC ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ASITRI ACESAC CARCAR CARCAR

____________________________________________________________________________

30

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotD3 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Code Name

16.9 46.4 14 Fraxinus pennsylvanica FRAPEN 15.2 44.0 25 Quercus macrocarpus QUEMAC 5.9 27.4 7 Carya laciniosa CARLAC .4 7.0 4 Aesculus glabra AESGLA .7 9.2 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .4 7.4 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .2 4.9 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB 1.9 15.6 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .5 8.3 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB ____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotD4 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Code Name

.9 10.7 10 Celtis occidentalis CELOCC 1.9 15.4 9 Carya cordiformis CARCOR 4.7 24.5 9 Carya cordiformis CARCOR 2.0 15.9 9 Carya cordiformis CARCOR 1.7 14.6 9 Carya cordiformis CARCOR 2.0 15.9 9 Carya cordiformis CARCOR 3.3 20.5 9 Carya cordiformis CARCOR 2.5 18.0 9 Carya cordiformis CARCOR .6 8.7 4 Aesculus glabra AESGLA .3 5.9 4 Aesculus glabra AESGLA .1 3.1 4 Aesculus glabra AESGLA .1 2.7 4 Aesculus glabra AESGLA 1.0 11.4 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .4 7.2 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .4 7.5 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB 1.0 11.0 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .1 2.8 5 Asimina triloba ASITRI .7 9.7 8 Carya ovata CAROVA .0 2.4 11 Cornus florida CORFLO ____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotD5 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Code Name

.1 2.7 10 Celtis occidentalis CELOCC .8 10.3 4 Aesculus glabra AESGLA .6 8.9 4 Aesculus glabra AESGLA .6 9.0 4 Aesculus glabra AESGLA .1 2.7 4 Aesculus glabra AESGLA .1 4.3 4 Aesculus glabra AESGLA .4 7.2 4 Aesculus glabra AESGLA .8 9.9 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .7 9.7 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .0 2.0 5 Asimina triloba ASITRI .1 3.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 4.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .3 5.9 6 Carpinus caroliniana CARCAR .6 8.6 6 Carpinus caroliniana CARCAR ____________________________________________________________________________

31

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotD6 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

20.4 .5 2.6 .9 12.0 .6 19.6 .2 .0 .5 .5

51.0 7.9 18.1 10.8 39.1 8.5 50.0 5.6 2.4 7.8 8.2

25 36 36 36 9 4 36 36 36 36 6

Species Quercus macrocarpus Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Carya cordiformis Aesculus glabra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Carpinus caroliniana

Code Name QUEMAC ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB CARCOR AESGLA ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB CARCAR

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotD7 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

13.7 .5 3.8 .0 .5 .7 .8 1.7 20.4 20.3

41.7 8.3 22.0 2.0 8.0 9.2 9.9 14.9 51.0 50.9

25 10 9 4 4 36 36 7 22 22

Species Quercus macrocarpus Celtis occidentalis Carya cordiformis Aesculus glabra Aesculus glabra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Carya laciniosa Populus deltoides Populus deltoides

Code Name QUEMAC CELOCC CARCOR AESGLA AESGLA ULMRUB ULMRUB CARLAC POPDEL POPDEL

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotD8 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

6.9 .1 .5 1.1 10.5 1.2 .5 .6 .8 .2 .9 1.2 .7 .8 .1 .1 .2 .1

29.6 3.4 7.9 12.0 36.6 12.2 7.8 8.6 9.9 5.5 10.9 12.5 9.6 9.8 3.0 2.6 4.5 2.8

14 12 36 10 9 4 4 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 7 7

Species Fraxinus pennsylvanica Fagus grandifolia Ulmus rubra Celtis occidentalis Carya cordiformis Aesculus glabra Aesculus glabra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Carya laciniosa Carya laciniosa

Code Name FRAPEN FAGGRA ULMRUB CELOCC CARCOR AESGLA AESGLA ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB CARLAC CARLAC

____________________________________________________________________________

32

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotD9 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

1.5 .1 .1 .1 .2 .2 .3 .1 .1 .0 1.3

13.8 4.0 3.1 3.7 4.6 4.9 6.0 3.2 2.6 1.8 13.1

36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 7 11 6

Species Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Carya laciniosa Cornus florida Carpinus caroliniana

Code Name ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB CARLAC CORFLO CARCAR

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotE1 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

.7 1.0 1.0 2.7 .6 .2 .1 .1 .3 1.1 .0 .1 .2 .1 .1 .0 30.0 .1 .1

9.3 11.2 11.0 18.7 9.0 4.7 4.2 4.0 6.3 11.7 2.1 3.8 5.3 2.9 4.3 2.0 61.8 3.2 4.1

36 36 36 36 36 36 36 10 10 4 4 36 36 36 36 5 2 2 6

Species Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Celtis occidentalis Celtis occidentalis Aesculus glabra Aesculus glabra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Asimina triloba Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Carpinus caroliniana

Code Name ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB CELOCC CELOCC AESGLA AESGLA ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ASITRI ACESAC ACESAC CARCAR

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotE2 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Code Name

1.1 11.8 14 Fraxinus pennsylvanica FRAPEN .0 1.9 14 Fraxinus pennsylvanica FRAPEN .1 3.8 12 Fagus grandifolia FAGGRA .1 4.0 12 Fagus grandifolia FAGGRA .1 3.2 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB 2.5 18.0 9 Carya cordiformis CARCOR 15.4 44.3 9 Carya cordiformis CARCOR .4 7.3 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .3 5.7 6 Carpinus caroliniana CARCAR ___________________________________________________________________________

33

Sample unit: PlotE3 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Code Name

.1 2.7 13 Fraxinus quadrangulata FRAQUA .0 1.8 13 Fraxinus quadrangulata FRAQUA .4 6.7 13 Fraxinus quadrangulata FRAQUA .1 3.6 13 Fraxinus quadrangulata FRAQUA .0 2.5 13 Fraxinus quadrangulata FRAQUA .3 6.2 13 Fraxinus quadrangulata FRAQUA .4 6.8 13 Fraxinus quadrangulata FRAQUA .4 7.0 13 Fraxinus quadrangulata FRAQUA .1 3.8 13 Fraxinus quadrangulata FRAQUA 1.5 13.9 13 Fraxinus quadrangulata FRAQUA .4 6.8 13 Fraxinus quadrangulata FRAQUA .6 8.9 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .8 9.9 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .3 6.1 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .0 1.3 4 Aesculus glabra AESGLA .0 1.7 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .3 5.9 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .1 3.0 6 Carpinus caroliniana CARCAR .1 3.2 11 Cornus florida CORFLO ____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotE4 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

.7 .5 .5 .1 .1 3.5 6.9 .2 .1 .1

9.3 8.1 7.8 3.1 3.0 21.0 29.6 5.2 4.3 3.8

9 9 4 36 5 2 2 6 6 6

Species Carya cordiformis Carya cordiformis Aesculus glabra Ulmus rubra Asimina triloba Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Carpinus caroliniana Carpinus caroliniana Carpinus caroliniana

Code Name CARCOR CARCOR AESGLA ULMRUB ASITRI ACESAC ACESAC CARCAR CARCAR CARCAR

____________________________________________________________________________

34

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotE5 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

3.0 .1 1.2 1.0 4.9 .2 .3 .2 .1 .2 .9 .2 .4 .1 .2 .2 .0 .0 .0 .1 .1

19.4 2.6 12.3 11.3 24.9 5.6 6.2 4.6 4.1 5.6 10.9 5.4 6.9 3.4 4.5 5.6 2.4 2.2 2.3 3.9 2.6

36 36 36 36 7 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 6 6 6 6 6

Species Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Carya laciniosa Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Carpinus caroliniana Carpinus caroliniana Carpinus caroliniana Carpinus caroliniana Carpinus caroliniana

Code Name ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB CARLAC ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB CARCAR CARCAR CARCAR CARCAR CARCAR

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotE6 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

.2 .6 2.1 .9 .0 .4 .4 .1 38.9 .1

5.6 8.7 16.5 10.6 2.4 7.0 6.7 2.7 70.4 3.7

36 36 18 4 4 36 11 6 9 19

Species Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Liriodendron tulipifera Aesculus glabra Aesculus glabra Ulmus rubra Cornus florida Carpinus caroliniana Carya cordiformis Nyssa sylvatica

Code Name ULMRUB ULMRUB LIRTUL AESGLA AESGLA ULMRUB CORFLO CARCAR CARCOR NYSSYL

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotE7 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

.8 .4 .2 .0 .0 12.4

10.1 7.0 5.5 2.5 1.0 39.8

4 4 4 5 19 29

Species Aesculus glabra Aesculus glabra Aesculus glabra Asimina triloba Nyssa sylvatica Quercus michauxii

Code Name AESGLA AESGLA AESGLA ASITRI NYSSYL QUEMIC

____________________________________________________________________________

35

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotE8 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

10.7 1.9 .2 1.6 .1 .1 .0 .1 3.1 .1 .0 .1 .1 .1 .8

36.9 15.5 5.2 14.3 3.9 3.7 1.0 2.7 20.0 3.4 2.1 3.4 3.6 3.6 9.8

12 9 9 9 36 36 5 5 2 2 2 6 6 6 7

Species Fagus grandifolia Carya cordiformis Carya cordiformis Carya cordiformis Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Asimina triloba Asimina triloba Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Carpinus caroliniana Carpinus caroliniana Carpinus caroliniana Carya laciniosa

Code Name FAGGRA CARCOR CARCOR CARCOR ULMRUB ULMRUB ASITRI ASITRI ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC CARCAR CARCAR CARCAR CARLAC

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotE9 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

.7 1.2 1.2 .5 .4 .2 13.7 .2 .1 .2 .2 .1 .0 .1 .1 .5

9.3 12.6 12.6 7.8 7.1 5.5 41.8 4.9 4.0 4.6 4.4 3.0 2.3 3.8 2.8 7.7

36 36 36 36 36 36 9 36 36 36 36 36 36 6 6 7

Species Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Carya cordiformis Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Carpinus caroliniana Carpinus caroliniana Carya laciniosa

Code Name ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB CARCOR ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB CARCAR CARCAR CARLAC

____________________________________________________________________________

36

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotF1 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

.2 .7 .2 .0 .0 .2 .1 .0 .1 .0 .1 12.0 .2 .0 .2 1.4

4.7 9.7 5.1 2.5 1.8 5.3 4.2 2.4 3.8 2.0 3.1 39.1 4.5 1.2 5.2 13.2

12 12 23 5 5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Species Fagus grandifolia Fagus grandifolia Prunus serotina Asimina triloba Asimina triloba Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum

Code Name FAGGRA FAGGRA PRUSER ASITRI ASITRI ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotF2 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

.2 12.6 23.4 .0 8.7

4.8 40.0 54.6 1.8 33.3

23 2 2 2 2

Species Prunus serotina Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum

Code Name PRUSER ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotF3 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

.1 .8 7.5 29.4

4.2 9.9 30.8 61.2

12 2 2 21

Species Fagus grandifolia Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Platanus occidentalis

Code Name FAGGRA ACESAC ACESAC PLAOCC

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotF4 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Code Name

6.2 28.2 12 Fagus grandifolia FAGGRA 2.0 15.9 12 Fagus grandifolia FAGGRA 4.0 22.5 12 Fagus grandifolia FAGGRA .3 6.5 12 Fagus grandifolia FAGGRA .2 5.6 23 Prunus serotina PRUSER 9.4 34.6 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 2.3 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 23.9 55.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC ____________________________________________________________________________

37

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotF5 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

.1 .2 15.3 31.9 21.1 .0 .1 .1 4.7 .1 .1 .1

3.2 4.6 44.2 63.7 51.8 2.2 4.3 3.4 24.4 3.8 2.8 4.3

23 36 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Species Prunus serotina Ulmus rubra Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum

Code Name PRUSER ULMRUB ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotF6 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

.2 .1 .0

4.5 4.2 2.2

12 4 17

Species Fagus grandifolia Aesculus glabra Lindera benzoin

Code Name FAGGRA AESGLA LINBEN

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotF7 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Code Name

34.6 66.4 12 Fagus grandifolia FAGGRA .4 6.8 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .2 5.2 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .1 3.6 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.6 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 4.1 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 2.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 2.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 2.1 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC ____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotF8 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Code Name

18.9 49.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 4.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 2.4 17.3 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .8 10.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.6 14.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 2.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 5.1 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .3 5.7 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .1 3.4 12 Fagus grandifolia FAGGRA ____________________________________________________________________________

38

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotF9 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Code Name

21.6 52.4 9 Carya cordiformis CARCOR 5.1 25.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 6.6 29.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC ____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotG1 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Code Name

.1 2.6 11 Cornus florida CORFLO .9 10.6 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .6 8.5 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .2 4.4 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .3 6.3 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .5 8.1 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .7 9.4 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .3 6.2 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .0 1.2 9 Carya cordiformis CARCOR .0 2.4 40 Dogwood spp.

DOGSHR ____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotG2 BA(sq.dm) DBH(cm) Code Species Code Name .1 3.9 13 Fraxinus quadrangulata FRAQUA 5.4 26.2 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB 1.0 11.5 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .6 8.4 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .2 5.2 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB 1.3 12.8 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .4 6.9 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .6 8.5 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB 1.0 11.4 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB 1.5 13.7 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.5 13.6 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 2.6 18.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 2.4 17.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 2.8 18.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC ____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotG3 BA(sq.dm) DBH(cm) Code Species Code Name .1 3.1 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .6 9.0 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .1 3.4 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .0 2.1 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .0 2.4 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .1 3.0 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .6 8.6 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .0 1.5 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .4 7.0 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .1 3.9 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB 17.3 47.0 9 Carya cordiformis CARCOR .2 4.7 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB 1.5 13.7 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC ____________________________________________________________________________

39

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotG4 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

.3 .0 1.1 .6 .8 .1 1.9 .4 1.5 12.5 1.6 16.6

5.7 2.0 11.6 8.9 10.0 3.8 15.7 7.2 13.7 39.9 14.2 46.0

36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 2 2 2 24

Species Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Quercus palustris

Code Name ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC QUEPAL

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotG5 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

.1 1.8 .1 .6 .3 .1 .4 .2 1.2 .1 .0 .2 .8 .1 .6 1.7

3.1 15.3 4.2 9.0 5.9 3.9 6.7 4.4 12.4 3.1 1.7 4.8 9.9 3.3 8.9 14.5

11 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 5 2 2 38 43 42

Species Cornus florida Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Asimina triloba Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Vitis sp.

Crataegus spp.

Acer negundo

Code Name CORFLO ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ASITRI ACESAC ACESAC VITSPP CRASPP ACENEG

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotG6 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

1.0 .1 .4 .2

11.5 3.6 6.7 4.9

36 36 36 36

Species Ulmus Ulmus Ulmus Ulmus

rubra rubra rubra rubra

Code Name ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB

____________________________________________________________________________

40

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotG7 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

.4 .2 .1 .1 .5 .1 .1 .0 1.2 .9 1.1 1.0 .2 8.5

7.4 4.8 3.0 3.2 7.6 3.5 3.1 2.0 12.2 10.9 11.8 11.5 4.9 32.9

36 36 36 36 36 2 36 36 2 2 2 2 2 24

Species Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Acer saccharum Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Quercus palustris

Code Name ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ACESAC ULMRUB ULMRUB ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC QUEPAL

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotG8 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

4.0 1.2 .7 .2 .1 .4 .2 .1 .5 2.7 1.0 .9 .3 .4 .6 .3 .0 .1

22.6 12.4 9.7 5.3 3.3 6.7 4.9 4.0 8.0 18.6 11.1 10.6 5.8 7.1 8.4 6.4 1.4 2.9

14 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Species Fraxinus pennsylvanica Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum

Code Name FRAPEN ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC

____________________________________________________________________________

41

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotG9 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Code Name

1.1 12.1 14 Fraxinus pennsylvanica FRAPEN .8 10.0 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .3 6.1 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .1 2.8 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .4 7.3 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .1 3.8 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .4 7.5 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .0 2.2 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .1 3.0 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .3 5.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.6 14.3 42 Acer negundo ACENEG .0 2.4 42 Acer negundo ACENEG .0 1.0 11 Cornus florida CORFLO .1 3.8 11 Cornus florida CORFLO ___________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotH1 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Code Name

4.4 23.6 14 Fraxinus pennsylvanica FRAPEN .3 5.7 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .5 8.2 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .7 9.3 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .8 10.3 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .4 7.0 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .2 5.0 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB 3.1 19.8 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB 1.9 15.5 9 Carya cordiformis CARCOR .0 2.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.7 14.7 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .3 5.9 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 5.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .6 8.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 14.7 43.2 1 Acer saccharinum ACESRN ____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotH2 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Code Name

1.0 11.2 14 Fraxinus pennsylvanica FRAPEN 2.5 18.0 14 Fraxinus pennsylvanica FRAPEN 9.6 35.0 14 Fraxinus pennsylvanica FRAPEN .0 1.2 11 Cornus florida CORFLO .0 1.9 11 Cornus florida CORFLO .0 2.3 11 Cornus florida CORFLO .0 1.4 11 Cornus florida CORFLO .1 4.3 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .4 7.0 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .3 6.1 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .1 3.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 2.2 15 Juglans nigra JUGNIG ____________________________________________________________________________

42

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotH3 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

2.2 .5 .2 .7 .3 .8 1.2 .5 .4 .3 21.7

16.8 7.8 5.4 9.2 6.0 9.9 12.4 8.2 6.7 6.2 52.6

14 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 1

Species Fraxinus pennsylvanica Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Acer saccharinum

Code Name FRAPEN ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ACESRN

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotH4 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

7.1 .9 .5 .3 2.0 .2 1.2 .1 1.7 .9 .1 .2 .6 .1 1.0

30.0 10.5 8.1 6.5 16.0 4.4 12.5 3.2 14.7 10.5 3.3 4.4 8.9 3.5 11.3

14 36 36 36 36 36 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Species Fraxinus pennsylvanica Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum

Code Name FRAPEN ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotH5 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

2.6 .8 .4 .6 .1 .2 .0 .4 .5 .2 1.1

18.1 9.9 7.1 8.5 3.9 5.3 1.8 7.5 8.1 4.5 11.7

23 36 36 36 36 2 2 2 2 2 2

Species Prunus serotina Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Ulmus rubra Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum

Code Name PRUSER ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ULMRUB ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC ACESAC

____________________________________________________________________________

43

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotH6 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Code Name

9.2 34.2 14 Fraxinus pennsylvanica FRAPEN .2 5.0 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB 2.0 16.1 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .7 9.3 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .2 5.0 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB 3.1 19.8 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .0 1.0 17 Lindera benzoin LINBEN 1.1 11.6 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 4.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .7 9.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC ___________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotH7 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Code Name

12.4 39.8 14 Fraxinus pennsylvanica FRAPEN 6.0 27.7 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB 8.0 31.9 9 Carya cordiformis CARCOR 1.4 13.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .9 10.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .3 6.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .8 10.3 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC ___________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotH8 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Code Name

24.2 55.5 14 Fraxinus pennsylvanica FRAPEN 22.9 54.0 14 Fraxinus pennsylvanica FRAPEN 1.5 13.6 23 Prunus serotina PRUSER .2 5.0 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB 3.1 19.9 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB 1.0 11.2 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB 1.3 13.0 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .4 7.0 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB ____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotH9 BA(sq.dm)

DBH(cm)

Code

Species

Code Name

3.6 21.3 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .8 9.9 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .3 5.7 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 2.1 16.3 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.2 12.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC ____________________________________________________________________________

Total number of species occurrences in data =

44

762

Herb-layer data by plot for Spring Pond ____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotA1 Value

Code

1.00 4.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

6 7 27 36 55 58 62 77

Species

Code Name

Arisaema triphyllum Asimina triloba Eupatorium sp.

Geum canadense Grass sp.

Pilea pumila Polygonum sp.

Sanicula marilandica

ARITRI ASITRI EUPSPP GEUCAN GRASSS PILPUM POLSPP SANMAR

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotA2 Value

Code

1.00 4.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

6 7 9 15 36 38 55 58 77 82 94 98 102

Species

Code Name

Arisaema triphyllum Asimina triloba Aster sp.

Carex spp.

Geum canadense Impatiens capensis Grass sp.

Pilea pumila Sanicula marilandica Smilax hispida Notch-leaved unknown Viola sp.

Cryptotaenia canadensis

ARITRI ASITRI ASTSPP CARSPP GEUCAN IMPCAP GRASSS PILPUM SANMAR SMIHIS UNKONE VIOSPP CRYCAN

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotA3 Value

Code

Species

Code Name

1.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 2.00 7 Asimina triloba ASITRI 2.00 10 Boehmeria cylindrica BOECYL 1.00 15 Carex spp.

CARSPP 1.00 34 Galium circaezans GALCIR 2.00 44 Lindera benzoin LINBEN 1.00 52 Osmorhiza claytoni OSMCLA 1.00 54 Oxalis stricta OXASTR 2.00 55 Grass sp.

GRASSS 1.00 56 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 1.00 58 Pilea pumila PILPUM 1.00 60 Podophyllum peltatum PODPEL 1.00 63 Polygonum virginianum POLVIR 2.00 77 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 1.00 82 Smilax hispida SMIHIS 1.00 98 Viola sp.

VIOSPP ____________________________________________________________________________

45

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotA4 Value

Code

1.00 1.00 3.00 5.00 1.00 2.00

36 38 44 55 63 102

Species

Code Name

Geum canadense Impatiens capensis Lindera benzoin Grass sp.

Polygonum virginianum Cryptotaenia canadensis

GEUCAN IMPCAP LINBEN GRASSS POLVIR CRYCAN

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotA5 Value

Code

2.00 1.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 4.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 1.00

6 15 28 34 36 38 44 52 54 58 60 63 77 96

Species

Code Name

Arisaema triphyllum Carex spp.

Eupatorium rugosum Galium circaezans Geum canadense Impatiens capensis Lindera benzoin Osmorhiza claytoni Oxalis stricta Pilea pumila Podophyllum peltatum Polygonum virginianum Sanicula marilandica Lycopus virginicus

ARITRI CARSPP EUPRUG GALCIR GEUCAN IMPCAP LINBEN OSMCLA OXASTR PILPUM PODPEL POLVIR SANMAR LYCVIR

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotA6 Value

Code

1.00 1.00 1.00 4.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

6 10 35 44 55 58 77 85 98

Species

Code Name

Arisaema triphyllum Boehmeria cylindrica Galium asprellum Lindera benzoin Grass sp.

Pilea pumila Sanicula marilandica Toxicodendron radicans Viola sp.

ARITRI BOECYL GALASP LINBEN GRASSS PILPUM SANMAR TOXRAD VIOSPP

____________________________________________________________________________

46

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotA7 Value

Code

Species

Code Name

1.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.00 31 Fraxinus pennsylvanica FRAPEN 1.00 34 Galium circaezans GALCIR 1.00 36 Geum canadense GEUCAN 1.00 39 Jeffersonia diphylla JEFDIP 4.00 44 Lindera benzoin LINBEN 1.00 48 Menispermum canadense MENCAN 1.00 55 Grass sp.

GRASSS 1.00 58 Pilea pumila PILPUM 2.00 60 Podophyllum peltatum PODPEL 1.00 62 Polygonum sp.

POLSPP 1.00 75 Rubus sp.

RUBSPP 1.00 81 Scutellaria lateriflora SCULAT 1.00 88 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB 1.00 98 Viola sp.

VIOSPP ____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotA8 Value

Code

Species

Code Name

1.00 28 Eupatorium rugosum EUPRUG 1.00 29 Fagus grandifolia FAGGRA 1.00 31 Fraxinus pennsylvanica FRAPEN 2.00 34 Galium circaezans GALCIR 5.00 44 Lindera benzoin LINBEN 2.00 56 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 1.00 57 Phytolacca americana PHYAME 2.00 60 Podophyllum peltatum PODPEL 1.00 61 Polygonatum biflorum POLBIF 1.00 63 Polygonum virginianum POLVIR 1.00 77 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 1.00 98 Viola sp.

VIOSPP 1.00 100 Botrichium sp.

BOTRIC ____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotA9 Value

Code

Species

Code Name

1.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 3.00 7 Asimina triloba ASITRI 2.00 10 Boehmeria cylindrica BOECYL 1.00 15 Carex spp.

CARSPP 1.00 28 Eupatorium rugosum EUPRUG 1.00 34 Galium circaezans GALCIR 1.00 36 Geum canadense GEUCAN 2.00 58 Pilea pumila PILPUM 1.00 62 Polygonum sp.

POLSPP 1.00 63 Polygonum virginianum POLVIR 1.00 82 Smilax hispida SMIHIS 1.00 85 Toxicodendron radicans TOXRAD 1.00 98 Viola sp.

VIOSPP ____________________________________________________________________________

47

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotB1 Value

Code

Species

Code Name

1.00 11 Campsis radicans CAMRAD 1.00 15 Carex spp.

CARSPP 3.00 31 Fraxinus pennsylvanica FRAPEN 1.00 32 Galium boreale GALBOR 1.00 34 Galium circaezans GALCIR 1.00 36 Geum canadense GEUCAN 1.00 38 Impatiens capensis IMPCAP 1.00 44 Lindera benzoin LINBEN 1.00 52 Osmorhiza claytoni OSMCLA 1.00 74 Rosa sp.

ROSSPP 1.00 77 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 1.00 85 Toxicodendron radicans TOXRAD 1.00 98 Viola sp.

VIOSPP 1.00 100 Botrichium sp.

BOTRIC 1.00 115 Phryma leptostachya PHYLEP ____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotB2 Value

Code

Species

Code Name

1.00 15 Carex spp.

CARSPP 1.00 31 Fraxinus pennsylvanica FRAPEN 1.00 38 Impatiens capensis IMPCAP 1.00 63 Polygonum virginianum POLVIR 1.00 85 Toxicodendron radicans TOXRAD 1.00 98 Viola sp.

VIOSPP 1.00 115 Phryma leptostachya PHYLEP ____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotB3 Value

Code

Species

Code Name

1.00 10 Boehmeria cylindrica BOECYL 1.00 15 Carex spp.

CARSPP 1.00 31 Fraxinus pennsylvanica FRAPEN 1.00 34 Galium circaezans GALCIR 1.00 36 Geum canadense GEUCAN 1.00 42 Krigia-like UNKN42 1.00 43 Ligustrum vulgare LIGVUL 4.00 44 Lindera benzoin LINBEN 1.00 47 Lonicera maackii LONMAA 1.00 63 Polygonum virginianum POLVIR 1.00 77 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 1.00 79 Geum virginianum GEUVIR 1.00 85 Toxicodendron radicans TOXRAD 1.00 98 Viola sp.

VIOSPP ____________________________________________________________________________

48

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotB4 Value Code Species Code Name 1.00 10 Boehmeria cylindrica BOECYL 1.00 11 Campsis radicans CAMRAD 1.00 15 Carex spp.

CARSPP 1.00 34 Galium circaezans GALCIR 1.00 36 Geum canadense GEUCAN 1.00 38 Impatiens capensis IMPCAP 1.00 54 Oxalis stricta OXASTR 1.00 60 Podophyllum peltatum PODPEL 1.00 63 Polygonum virginianum POLVIR 1.00 74 Rosa sp.

ROSSPP 1.00 82 Smilax hispida SMIHIS 1.00 88 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB 2.00 98 Viola sp.

VIOSPP ____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotB5 Value Code Species Code Name 1.00 15 Carex spp.

CARSPP 1.00 32 Galium boreale GALBOR 1.00 36 Geum canadense GEUCAN 1.00 42 Krigia-like UNKN42 1.00 47 Lonicera maackii LONMAA 1.00 54 Oxalis stricta OXASTR 1.00 55 Grass sp.

GRASSS 2.00 74 Rosa sp.

ROSSPP 1.00 75 Rubus sp.

RUBSPP 1.00 77 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 1.00 85 Toxicodendron radicans TOXRAD 1.00 88 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB 2.00 98 Viola sp.

VIOSPP 1.00 100 Botrichium sp.

BOTRIC 1.00 115 Phryma leptostachya PHYLEP ____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotB6 Value Code Species Code Name 1.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 2.00 10 Boehmeria cylindrica BOECYL 1.00 11 Campsis radicans CAMRAD 1.00 15 Carex spp.

CARSPP 1.00 31 Fraxinus pennsylvanica FRAPEN 1.00 34 Galium circaezans GALCIR 2.00 36 Geum canadense GEUCAN 1.00 38 Impatiens capensis IMPCAP 1.00 47 Lonicera maackii LONMAA 1.00 55 Grass sp.

GRASSS 1.00 56 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 1.00 74 Rosa sp.

ROSSPP 1.00 77 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 1.00 88 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB 1.00 98 Viola sp.

VIOSPP 1.00 100 Botrichium sp.

BOTRIC 1.00 102 Cryptotaenia canadensis CRYCAN ____________________________________________________________________________

49

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotB7 Value

Code

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

15 34 38 55 56 63 74 77 79 85 88 98

Species

Code Name

Carex spp.

Galium circaezans Impatiens capensis Grass sp.

Parthenocissus quinquefolia Polygonum virginianum Rosa sp.

Sanicula marilandica Geum virginianum Toxicodendron radicans Ulmus rubra Viola sp.

CARSPP GALCIR IMPCAP GRASSS PARQUI POLVIR ROSSPP SANMAR GEUVIR TOXRAD ULMRUB VIOSPP

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotB8 Value

Code

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

11 15 36 38 44 55 56 63 77 82 85 103 115

Species

Code Name

Campsis radicans Carex spp.

Geum canadense Impatiens capensis Lindera benzoin Grass sp.

Parthenocissus quinquefolia Polygonum virginianum Sanicula marilandica Smilax hispida Toxicodendron radicans Halesia Phryma leptostachya

CAMRAD CARSPP GEUCAN IMPCAP LINBEN GRASSS PARQUI POLVIR SANMAR SMIHIS TOXRAD HALESI PHYLEP

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotB9 Value

Code

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

11 15 38 44 46 74 77 82 98 115

Species

Code Name

Campsis radicans Carex spp.

Impatiens capensis Lindera benzoin Lonicera japonica Rosa sp.

Sanicula marilandica Smilax hispida Viola sp.

Phryma leptostachya

CAMRAD CARSPP IMPCAP LINBEN LONJAP ROSSPP SANMAR SMIHIS VIOSPP PHYLEP

____________________________________________________________________________

50

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotC1 Value

Code

1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 4.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

2 6 20 31 37 44 55 56 60 73 79 82

Species

Code Name

Acer saccharum Arisaema triphyllum Celtis occidentalis Fraxinus pennsylvanica Hepatica americana Lindera benzoin Grass sp.

Parthenocissus quinquefolia Podophyllum peltatum Quercus rubra Geum virginianum Smilax hispida

ACESAC ARITRI CELOCC FRAPEN HEPAME LINBEN GRASSS PARQUI PODPEL QUERUB GEUVIR SMIHIS

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotC2 Value

Code

1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

2 6 7 28 36 44 52 54 60 63 75 82 98

Species

Code Name

Acer saccharum Arisaema triphyllum Asimina triloba Eupatorium rugosum Geum canadense Lindera benzoin Osmorhiza claytoni Oxalis stricta Podophyllum peltatum Polygonum virginianum Rubus sp.

Smilax hispida Viola sp.

ACESAC ARITRI ASITRI EUPRUG GEUCAN LINBEN OSMCLA OXASTR PODPEL POLVIR RUBSPP SMIHIS VIOSPP

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotC3 Value

Code

1.00 1.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

2 5 7 31 36 37 60 62 79 98 100

Species

Code Name

Acer saccharum Aesculus glabra Asimina triloba Fraxinus pennsylvanica Geum canadense Hepatica americana Podophyllum peltatum Polygonum sp.

Geum virginianum Viola sp.

Botrichium sp.

ACESAC AESGLA ASITRI FRAPEN GEUCAN HEPAME PODPEL POLSPP GEUVIR VIOSPP BOTRIC

____________________________________________________________________________

51

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotC4 Value

Code

1.00 1.00 1.00 4.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00

2 28 38 44 56 63 68 75 77 82 88 98 115

Species

Code Name

Acer saccharum Eupatorium rugosum Impatiens capensis Lindera benzoin Parthenocissus quinquefolia Polygonum virginianum Quercus sp.

Rubus sp.

Sanicula marilandica Smilax hispida Ulmus rubra Viola sp.

Phryma leptostachya

ACESAC EUPRUG IMPCAP LINBEN PARQUI POLVIR QUESPP RUBSPP SANMAR SMIHIS ULMRUB VIOSPP PHYLEP

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotC5 Value

Code

1.00 4.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 4.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

2 7 10 23 28 37 44 56 60 98

Species

Code Name

Acer saccharum Asimina triloba Boehmeria cylindrica Dicentra cucullaria Eupatorium rugosum Hepatica americana Lindera benzoin Parthenocissus quinquefolia Podophyllum peltatum Viola sp.

ACESAC ASITRI BOECYL DICCUC EUPRUG HEPAME LINBEN PARQUI PODPEL VIOSPP

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotC6 Value

Code

4.00 1.00 1.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

7 32 36 44 56 58 62 81 82 85

Species

Code Name

Asimina triloba Galium boreale Geum canadense Lindera benzoin Parthenocissus quinquefolia Pilea pumila Polygonum sp.

Scutellaria lateriflora Smilax hispida Toxicodendron radicans

ASITRI GALBOR GEUCAN LINBEN PARQUI PILPUM POLSPP SCULAT SMIHIS TOXRAD

____________________________________________________________________________

52

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotC7 Value

Code

Species

Code Name

1.00 15 Carex spp.

CARSPP 1.00 36 Geum canadense GEUCAN 2.00 38 Impatiens capensis IMPCAP 5.00 44 Lindera benzoin LINBEN 1.00 55 Grass sp.

GRASSS 1.00 60 Podophyllum peltatum PODPEL 1.00 77 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 1.00 98 Viola sp.

VIOSPP 1.00 114 Viburnum dentatum VIBDEN ____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotC8 Value

Code

Species

Code Name

1.00 6 Arisaema triphyllum ARITRI 3.00 7 Asimina triloba ASITRI 1.00 15 Carex spp.

CARSPP 4.00 44 Lindera benzoin LINBEN 1.00 61 Polygonatum biflorum POLBIF 1.00 77 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 1.00 82 Smilax hispida SMIHIS 1.00 98 Viola sp.

VIOSPP ____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotC9 Value

Code

Species

Code Name

5.00 7 Asimina triloba ASITRI 1.00 37 Hepatica americana HEPAME 3.00 38 Impatiens capensis IMPCAP 4.00 44 Lindera benzoin LINBEN 2.00 55 Grass sp.

GRASSS 1.00 56 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 1.00 58 Pilea pumila PILPUM 2.00 62 Polygonum sp.

POLSPP 1.00 98 Viola sp.

VIOSPP ____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotD1 Value

Code

Species

Code Name

1.00 7 Asimina triloba ASITRI 2.00 10 Boehmeria cylindrica BOECYL 2.00 15 Carex spp.

CARSPP 2.00 28 Eupatorium rugosum EUPRUG 4.00 38 Impatiens capensis IMPCAP 3.00 44 Lindera benzoin LINBEN 2.00 56 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 3.00 63 Polygonum virginianum POLVIR 2.00 97 Urtica dioica URTDIO 2.00 102 Cryptotaenia canadensis CRYCAN ____________________________________________________________________________

53

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotD2 Value

Code

1.00 1.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 3.00

28 32 38 44 55 62 80 81 102

Species

Code Name

Eupatorium rugosum Galium boreale Impatiens capensis Lindera benzoin Grass sp.

Polygonum sp.

Scutellaria epilobiifolia Scutellaria lateriflora Cryptotaenia canadensis

EUPRUG GALBOR IMPCAP LINBEN GRASSS POLSPP SCUEPI SCULAT CRYCAN

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotD3 Value

Code

2.00 1.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 2.00

15 36 38 44 55 56 63 82 102

Species

Code Name

Carex spp.

Geum canadense Impatiens capensis Lindera benzoin Grass sp.

Parthenocissus quinquefolia Polygonum virginianum Smilax hispida Cryptotaenia canadensis

CARSPP GEUCAN IMPCAP LINBEN GRASSS PARQUI POLVIR SMIHIS CRYCAN

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotD4 Value

Code

2.00 2.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 3.00 2.00 2.00

10 15 38 44 56 63 85 102

Species

Code Name

Boehmeria cylindrica Carex spp.

Impatiens capensis Lindera benzoin Parthenocissus quinquefolia Polygonum virginianum Toxicodendron radicans Cryptotaenia canadensis

BOECYL CARSPP IMPCAP LINBEN PARQUI POLVIR TOXRAD CRYCAN

____________________________________________________________________________

54

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotD5 Value

Code

3.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00

7 10 15 19 38 44 52 54 55 56 60 63 77 88 98 100 102

Species

Code Name

Asimina triloba Boehmeria cylindrica Carex spp.

Carya cordiformis Impatiens capensis Lindera benzoin Osmorhiza claytoni Oxalis stricta Grass sp.

Parthenocissus quinquefolia Podophyllum peltatum Polygonum virginianum Sanicula marilandica Ulmus rubra Viola sp.

Botrichium sp.

Cryptotaenia canadensis

ASITRI BOECYL CARSPP CARCOR IMPCAP LINBEN OSMCLA OXASTR GRASSS PARQUI PODPEL POLVIR SANMAR ULMRUB VIOSPP BOTRIC CRYCAN

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotD6 Value

Code

1.00 1.00 3.00 2.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00

15 36 38 44 63 81 98 102

Species

Code Name

Carex spp.

Geum canadense Impatiens capensis Lindera benzoin Polygonum virginianum Scutellaria lateriflora Viola sp.

Cryptotaenia canadensis

CARSPP GEUCAN IMPCAP LINBEN POLVIR SCULAT VIOSPP CRYCAN

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotD7 Value

Code

1.00 2.00 1.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00

10 15 19 44 48 55 58 63 80 85 102

Species

Code Name

Boehmeria cylindrica Carex spp.

Carya cordiformis Lindera benzoin Menispermum canadense Grass sp.

Pilea pumila Polygonum virginianum Scutellaria epilobiifolia Toxicodendron radicans Cryptotaenia canadensis

BOECYL CARSPP CARCOR LINBEN MENCAN GRASSS PILPUM POLVIR SCUEPI TOXRAD CRYCAN

____________________________________________________________________________

55

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotD8 Value

Code

2.00 1.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00

10 31 38 44 48 55 58 63 81 102

Species

Code Name

Boehmeria cylindrica Fraxinus pennsylvanica Impatiens capensis Lindera benzoin Menispermum canadense Grass sp.

Pilea pumila Polygonum virginianum Scutellaria lateriflora Cryptotaenia canadensis

BOECYL FRAPEN IMPCAP LINBEN MENCAN GRASSS PILPUM POLVIR SCULAT CRYCAN

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotD9 Value

Code

1.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 1.00

36 38 48 55 56 63 102

Species

Code Name

Geum canadense Impatiens capensis Menispermum canadense Grass sp.

Parthenocissus quinquefolia Polygonum virginianum Cryptotaenia canadensis

GEUCAN IMPCAP MENCAN GRASSS PARQUI POLVIR CRYCAN

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotE1 Value

Code

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 5.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 3.00 1.00

2 19 32 38 44 56 63 77 85 97 98

Species

Code Name

Acer saccharum Carya cordiformis Galium boreale Impatiens capensis Lindera benzoin Parthenocissus quinquefolia Polygonum virginianum Sanicula marilandica Toxicodendron radicans Urtica dioica Viola sp.

ACESAC CARCOR GALBOR IMPCAP LINBEN PARQUI POLVIR SANMAR TOXRAD URTDIO VIOSPP

____________________________________________________________________________

56

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotE2 Value

Code

Species

Code Name

1.00 10 Boehmeria cylindrica BOECYL 1.00 11 Campsis radicans CAMRAD 1.00 21 Cornus florida CORFLO 1.00 32 Galium boreale GALBOR 2.00 36 Geum canadense GEUCAN 2.00 38 Impatiens capensis IMPCAP 1.00 44 Lindera benzoin LINBEN 1.00 48 Menispermum canadense MENCAN 1.00 54 Oxalis stricta OXASTR 1.00 55 Grass sp.

GRASSS 1.00 56 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 1.00 58 Pilea pumila PILPUM 2.00 63 Polygonum virginianum POLVIR 1.00 79 Geum virginianum GEUVIR 1.00 85 Toxicodendron radicans TOXRAD 1.00 98 Viola sp.

VIOSPP 2.00 102 Cryptotaenia canadensis CRYCAN ____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotE3 Value

Code

2.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00

10 11 27 33 38 44 48 56 58 63 102

Species

Code Name

Boehmeria cylindrica Campsis radicans Eupatorium sp.

Galium triflorum Impatiens capensis Lindera benzoin Menispermum canadense Parthenocissus quinquefolia Pilea pumila Polygonum virginianum Cryptotaenia canadensis

BOECYL CAMRAD EUPSPP GALTRI IMPCAP LINBEN MENCAN PARQUI PILPUM POLVIR CRYCAN

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotE4 Value

Code

Species

Code Name

1.00 5 Aesculus glabra AESGLA 2.00 10 Boehmeria cylindrica BOECYL 3.00 38 Impatiens capensis IMPCAP 2.00 44 Lindera benzoin LINBEN 1.00 55 Grass sp.

GRASSS 1.00 56 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 1.00 58 Pilea pumila PILPUM 1.00 63 Polygonum virginianum POLVIR 1.00 77 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 2.00 97 Urtica dioica URTDIO 1.00 98 Viola sp.

VIOSPP 1.00 102 Cryptotaenia canadensis CRYCAN ____________________________________________________________________________

57

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotE5 Value

Code

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

5 10 15 38 56 63

Species

Code Name

Aesculus glabra Boehmeria cylindrica Carex spp.

Impatiens capensis Parthenocissus quinquefolia Polygonum virginianum

AESGLA BOECYL CARSPP IMPCAP PARQUI POLVIR

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotE6 Value

Code

2.00 1.00 2.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 2.00

5 10 15 38 44 56 81 102

Species

Code Name

Aesculus glabra Boehmeria cylindrica Carex spp.

Impatiens capensis Lindera benzoin Parthenocissus quinquefolia Scutellaria lateriflora Cryptotaenia canadensis

AESGLA BOECYL CARSPP IMPCAP LINBEN PARQUI SCULAT CRYCAN

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotE7 Value

Code

1.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00

10 38 44 49 56 58 63 97 102

Species

Code Name

Boehmeria cylindrica Impatiens capensis Lindera benzoin Nyssa sylvatica Parthenocissus quinquefolia Pilea pumila Polygonum virginianum Urtica dioica Cryptotaenia canadensis

BOECYL IMPCAP LINBEN NYSSYL PARQUI PILPUM POLVIR URTDIO CRYCAN

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotE8 Value

Code

5.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 2.00

7 15 28 32 38 63 90 97 102

Species

Code Name

Asimina triloba Carex spp.

Eupatorium rugosum Galium boreale Impatiens capensis Polygonum virginianum Campanula americana Urtica dioica Cryptotaenia canadensis

ASITRI CARSPP EUPRUG GALBOR IMPCAP POLVIR CAMAME URTDIO CRYCAN

____________________________________________________________________________

58

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotE9 Value

Code

Species

Code Name

1.00 11 Campsis radicans CAMRAD 1.00 20 Celtis occidentalis CELOCC 3.00 38 Impatiens capensis IMPCAP 2.00 44 Lindera benzoin LINBEN 1.00 48 Menispermum canadense MENCAN 2.00 63 Polygonum virginianum POLVIR 1.00 85 Toxicodendron radicans TOXRAD 1.00 97 Urtica dioica URTDIO ____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotF1 Value

Code

Species

Code Name

1.00 36 Geum canadense GEUCAN 1.00 38 Impatiens capensis IMPCAP 2.00 44 Lindera benzoin LINBEN 1.00 55 Grass sp.

GRASSS 1.00 56 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 1.00 60 Podophyllum peltatum PODPEL 1.00 63 Polygonum virginianum POLVIR 1.00 98 Viola sp.

VIOSPP ____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotF2 Value

Code

Species

Code Name

1.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 2.00 15 Carex spp.

CARSPP 1.00 19 Carya cordiformis CARCOR 2.00 28 Eupatorium rugosum EUPRUG 1.00 36 Geum canadense GEUCAN 4.00 44 Lindera benzoin LINBEN 1.00 56 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 1.00 58 Pilea pumila PILPUM 2.00 63 Polygonum virginianum POLVIR 1.00 82 Smilax hispida SMIHIS 1.00 100 Botrichium sp.

BOTRIC ____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotF3 Value Code Species Code Name 1.00 4 Actea pachypoda ACTPAC 2.00 19 Carya cordiformis CARCOR 2.00 35 Galium asprellum GALASP 2.00 38 Impatiens capensis IMPCAP 5.00 44 Lindera benzoin LINBEN 1.00 56 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 1.00 58 Pilea pumila PILPUM 2.00 63 Polygonum virginianum POLVIR 1.00 85 Toxicodendron radicans TOXRAD 1.00 98 Viola sp.

VIOSPP 1.00 100 Botrichium sp.

BOTRIC 1.00 101 Circaea quadrisulata CIRQUA ____________________________________________________________________________

59

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotF4 Value

Code

2.00 1.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 1.00

15 36 44 60 63 77 97 98

Species

Code Name

Carex spp.

Geum canadense Lindera benzoin Podophyllum peltatum Polygonum virginianum Sanicula marilandica Urtica dioica Viola sp.

CARSPP GEUCAN LINBEN PODPEL POLVIR SANMAR URTDIO VIOSPP

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotF5 Value

Code

1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

10 15 19 28 31 33 35 36 38 52 56 58 63 82 88 98 101

Species

Code Name

Boehmeria cylindrica Carex spp.

Carya cordiformis Eupatorium rugosum Fraxinus pennsylvanica Galium triflorum Galium asprellum Geum canadense Impatiens capensis Osmorhiza claytoni Parthenocissus quinquefolia Pilea pumila Polygonum virginianum Smilax hispida Ulmus rubra Viola sp.

Circaea quadrisulata

BOECYL CARSPP CARCOR EUPRUG FRAPEN GALTRI GALASP GEUCAN IMPCAP OSMCLA PARQUI PILPUM POLVIR SMIHIS ULMRUB VIOSPP CIRQUA

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotF6 Value

Code

1.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 4.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

2 19 22 28 31 38 44 52 56 58 63 82 85 98

Species

Code Name

Acer saccharum Carya cordiformis Cystopteris fragilis Eupatorium rugosum Fraxinus pennsylvanica Impatiens capensis Lindera benzoin Osmorhiza claytoni Parthenocissus quinquefolia Pilea pumila Polygonum virginianum Smilax hispida Toxicodendron radicans Viola sp.

ACESAC CARCOR CYSFRA EUPRUG FRAPEN IMPCAP LINBEN OSMCLA PARQUI PILPUM POLVIR SMIHIS TOXRAD VIOSPP

____________________________________________________________________________

60

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotF7 Value

Code

1.00 2.00 4.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00

35 36 44 55 58 63 98

Species

Code Name

Galium asprellum Geum canadense Lindera benzoin Grass sp.

Pilea pumila Polygonum virginianum Viola sp.

GALASP GEUCAN LINBEN GRASSS PILPUM POLVIR VIOSPP

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotF8 Value

Code

2.00 1.00 1.00 3.00 1.00

31 36 38 44 98

Species

Code Name

Fraxinus pennsylvanica Geum canadense Impatiens capensis Lindera benzoin Viola sp.

FRAPEN GEUCAN IMPCAP LINBEN VIOSPP

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotF9 Value

Code

Species

Code Name

2.00 28 Eupatorium rugosum EUPRUG 1.00 36 Geum canadense GEUCAN 1.00 38 Impatiens capensis IMPCAP 5.00 44 Lindera benzoin LINBEN 1.00 52 Osmorhiza claytoni OSMCLA 1.00 54 Oxalis stricta OXASTR 2.00 56 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 1.00 60 Podophyllum peltatum PODPEL 1.00 77 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 2.00 97 Urtica dioica URTDIO ____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotG1 Value

Code

Species

Code Name

2.00 8 Asplenium platyneuron ASPPLA 1.00 11 Campsis radicans CAMRAD 1.00 15 Carex spp.

CARSPP 1.00 31 Fraxinus pennsylvanica FRAPEN 1.00 33 Galium triflorum GALTRI 1.00 34 Galium circaezans GALCIR 1.00 52 Osmorhiza claytoni OSMCLA 2.00 56 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 1.00 63 Polygonum virginianum POLVIR 3.00 75 Rubus sp.

RUBSPP 2.00 85 Toxicodendron radicans TOXRAD 1.00 88 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB 1.00 98 Viola sp.

VIOSPP ____________________________________________________________________________

61

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotG2 Value

Code

Species

Code Name

2.00 15 Carex spp.

CARSPP 2.00 28 Eupatorium rugosum EUPRUG 2.00 30 Fraxinus quadrangulata FRAQUA 1.00 33 Galium triflorum GALTRI 1.00 35 Galium asprellum GALASP 1.00 36 Geum canadense GEUCAN 2.00 38 Impatiens capensis IMPCAP 1.00 47 Lonicera maackii LONMAA 1.00 54 Oxalis stricta OXASTR 1.00 63 Polygonum virginianum POLVIR 2.00 75 Rubus sp.

RUBSPP 1.00 79 Geum virginianum GEUVIR 1.00 85 Toxicodendron radicans TOXRAD 1.00 100 Botrichium sp.

BOTRIC 1.00 113 Orchid spp.

ORCSPP 1.00 114 Viburnum dentatum VIBDEN ____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotG3 Value

Code

Species

Code Name

2.00 15 Carex spp.

CARSPP 1.00 21 Cornus florida CORFLO 1.00 27 Eupatorium sp.

EUPSPP 1.00 30 Fraxinus quadrangulata FRAQUA 1.00 33 Galium triflorum GALTRI 1.00 36 Geum canadense GEUCAN 2.00 38 Impatiens capensis IMPCAP 1.00 42 Krigia-like UNKN42 2.00 63 Polygonum virginianum POLVIR 2.00 74 Rosa sp.

ROSSPP 2.00 75 Rubus sp.

RUBSPP 1.00 77 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 1.00 79 Geum virginianum GEUVIR 3.00 85 Toxicodendron radicans TOXRAD 1.00 108 Agrimony pubescens AGIPUB ____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotG4 Value

Code

Species

Code Name

2.00 7 Asimina triloba ASITRI 1.00 15 Carex spp.

CARSPP 1.00 34 Galium circaezans GALCIR 1.00 36 Geum canadense GEUCAN 1.00 38 Impatiens capensis IMPCAP 1.00 44 Lindera benzoin LINBEN 2.00 47 Lonicera maackii LONMAA 2.00 63 Polygonum virginianum POLVIR 3.00 74 Rosa sp.

ROSSPP 2.00 75 Rubus sp.

RUBSPP 1.00 85 Toxicodendron radicans TOXRAD 1.00 98 Viola sp.

VIOSPP ____________________________________________________________________________

62

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotG5 Value

Code

2.00 1.00 3.00 5.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 1.00

15 33 36 38 55 63 74 79 98 105

Species

Code Name

Carex spp.

Galium triflorum Geum canadense Impatiens capensis Grass sp.

Polygonum virginianum Rosa sp.

Geum virginianum Viola sp.

Cornus stolonifera

CARSPP GALTRI GEUCAN IMPCAP GRASSS POLVIR ROSSPP GEUVIR VIOSPP CORSTO

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotG6 Value

Code

1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00

8 15 33 36 38 63 68 75 79 85 102 106 107 108

Species

Code Name

Asplenium platyneuron Carex spp.

Galium triflorum Geum canadense Impatiens capensis Polygonum virginianum Quercus sp.

Rubus sp.

Geum virginianum Toxicodendron radicans Cryptotaenia canadensis Agrimony parviflora Grossularia cynosbati Agrimony pubescens

ASPPLA CARSPP GALTRI GEUCAN IMPCAP POLVIR QUESPP RUBSPP GEUVIR TOXRAD CRYCAN ARIPAR GROCYN AGIPUB

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotG7 Value

Code

2.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

15 31 34 36 38 44 74 79 85 98 106

Species

Code Name

Carex spp.

Fraxinus pennsylvanica Galium circaezans Geum canadense Impatiens capensis Lindera benzoin Rosa sp.

Geum virginianum Toxicodendron radicans Viola sp.

Agrimony parviflora

CARSPP FRAPEN GALCIR GEUCAN IMPCAP LINBEN ROSSPP GEUVIR TOXRAD VIOSPP ARIPAR

____________________________________________________________________________

63

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotG8 Value

Code

1.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 1.00 4.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

15 33 36 38 44 55 63 74 75 77 79 85

Species

Code Name

Carex spp.

Galium triflorum Geum canadense Impatiens capensis Lindera benzoin Grass sp.

Polygonum virginianum Rosa sp.

Rubus sp.

Sanicula marilandica Geum virginianum Toxicodendron radicans

CARSPP GALTRI GEUCAN IMPCAP LINBEN GRASSS POLVIR ROSSPP RUBSPP SANMAR GEUVIR TOXRAD

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotG9 Value

Code

1.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

28 35 36 38 42 55 56 63 68 74 79 85 98 100 104

Species

Code Name

Eupatorium rugosum Galium asprellum Geum canadense Impatiens capensis Krigia-like Grass sp.

Parthenocissus quinquefolia Polygonum virginianum Quercus sp.

Rosa sp.

Geum virginianum Toxicodendron radicans Viola sp.

Botrichium sp.

Mustard sp.

EUPRUG GALASP GEUCAN IMPCAP UNKN42 GRASSS PARQUI POLVIR QUESPP ROSSPP GEUVIR TOXRAD VIOSPP BOTRIC MUSTSP

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotH1 Value

Code

1.00 3.00 1.00 4.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00

36 38 44 55 63 74 79 85 102

Species

Code Name

Geum canadense Impatiens capensis Lindera benzoin Grass sp.

Polygonum virginianum Rosa sp.

Geum virginianum Toxicodendron radicans Cryptotaenia canadensis

GEUCAN IMPCAP LINBEN GRASSS POLVIR ROSSPP GEUVIR TOXRAD CRYCAN

____________________________________________________________________________

64

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotH2 Value

Code

Species

Code Name

2.00 15 Carex spp.

CARSPP 1.00 21 Cornus florida CORFLO 4.00 38 Impatiens capensis IMPCAP 2.00 44 Lindera benzoin LINBEN 4.00 55 Grass sp.

GRASSS 2.00 75 Rubus sp.

RUBSPP 1.00 79 Geum virginianum GEUVIR 2.00 85 Toxicodendron radicans TOXRAD 1.00 88 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB 1.00 101 Circaea quadrisulata CIRQUA 1.00 102 Cryptotaenia canadensis CRYCAN ____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotH3 Value

Code

Species

Code Name

2.00 15 Carex spp.

CARSPP 1.00 38 Impatiens capensis IMPCAP 4.00 55 Grass sp.

GRASSS 1.00 63 Polygonum virginianum POLVIR 1.00 79 Geum virginianum GEUVIR 1.00 81 Scutellaria lateriflora SCULAT 1.00 85 Toxicodendron radicans TOXRAD ___________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotH4 Value

Code

Species

Code Name

1.00 35 Galium asprellum GALASP 1.00 36 Geum canadense GEUCAN 4.00 38 Impatiens capensis IMPCAP 1.00 43 Ligustrum vulgare LIGVUL 2.00 44 Lindera benzoin LINBEN 1.00 55 Grass sp.

GRASSS 1.00 63 Polygonum virginianum POLVIR 2.00 74 Rosa sp.

ROSSPP 2.00 79 Geum virginianum GEUVIR 1.00 102 Cryptotaenia canadensis CRYCAN 2.00 110 Symphoricarpos orbiculatus SYMORB ____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotH5 Value

Code

Species

Code Name

1.00 8 Asplenium platyneuron ASPPLA 3.00 28 Eupatorium rugosum EUPRUG 1.00 36 Geum canadense GEUCAN 3.00 38 Impatiens capensis IMPCAP 3.00 44 Lindera benzoin LINBEN 1.00 55 Grass sp.

GRASSS 1.00 75 Rubus sp.

RUBSPP 1.00 98 Viola sp.

VIOSPP 1.00 102 Cryptotaenia canadensis CRYCAN ____________________________________________________________________________

65

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotH6 Value

Code

1.00 2.00 1.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

15 28 36 38 44 54 56 75 79 85 102 110

Species

Code Name

Carex spp.

Eupatorium rugosum Geum canadense Impatiens capensis Lindera benzoin Oxalis stricta Parthenocissus quinquefolia Rubus sp.

Geum virginianum Toxicodendron radicans Cryptotaenia canadensis Symphoricarpos orbiculatus

CARSPP EUPRUG GEUCAN IMPCAP LINBEN OXASTR PARQUI RUBSPP GEUVIR TOXRAD CRYCAN SYMORB

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotH7 Value

Code

1.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

27 36 38 44 55 63 98 100 102

Species

Code Name

Eupatorium sp.

Geum canadense Impatiens capensis Lindera benzoin Grass sp.

Polygonum virginianum Viola sp.

Botrichium sp.

Cryptotaenia canadensis

EUPSPP GEUCAN IMPCAP LINBEN GRASSS POLVIR VIOSPP BOTRIC CRYCAN

____________________________________________________________________________ Sample unit: PlotH8 Value

Code

1.00 1.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00

28 36 38 44 52 55 56 63 79 85 98

Species

Code Name

Eupatorium rugosum Geum canadense Impatiens capensis Lindera benzoin Osmorhiza claytoni Grass sp.

Parthenocissus quinquefolia Polygonum virginianum Geum virginianum Toxicodendron radicans Viola sp.

EUPRUG GEUCAN IMPCAP LINBEN OSMCLA GRASSS PARQUI POLVIR GEUVIR TOXRAD VIOSPP

____________________________________________________________________________

66

Sample unit: PlotH9 Value

Code

1.00 1.00 1.00 3.00 5.00 1.00 1.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00

15 21 36 38 44 63 75 77 79 98 110

Species

Code Name

Carex spp.

Cornus florida Geum canadense Impatiens capensis Lindera benzoin Polygonum virginianum Rubus sp.

Sanicula marilandica Geum virginianum Viola sp.

Symphoricarpos orbiculatus

CARSPP CORFLO GEUCAN IMPCAP LINBEN POLVIR RUBSPP SANMAR GEUVIR VIOSPP SYMORB

____________________________________________________________________________

Total number of species occurrences in data =

67

798