Eleven year resurvey of permanent plots at Spring Pond Nature Preserve, Eagle Creek Park, Indianapolis, IN
Rebecca Dolan and Marcia Moore Friesner Herbarium, Butler University 4600 Sunset Ave. Indianapolis, IN 42608 rdolan@butler.edu mmoore@butler.edu
11/23/07
Background Permanent plots allow changes in vegetation to be tracked through time. In 1996, we established eight 3 x 3 center grid point plots at Spring Pond Nature Preserve at Eagle Creek Park. Five plots were within the boundaries of the Preserve. Three were adjacent but outside the boundary in a younger wooded stand. We quantified all woody and herbaceous species present in the plots and evaluated the quality of the vegetation, noting especially invasive exotic species of concern. The results of that study, along with details of our sampling technique and a review of site characteristics were presented in our report to IndyParks titled “Qualitative vegetation analysis of Spring Pond Nature Preserve and Adjacent Sites in Eagle Creek Park�, submitted in 1996. Here we present results of a resurvey of the plots conducted during the summer of 2007, and compare the data with those obtained during the initial sampling.
Methods We used the same vegetation survey procedures used in our 1996 survey. Data were collected during early August in 2007, the same time of year as our original work. Following the initial survey, point centers were permanently marked by IndyParks staff with numbered tags affixed to plastic poles and their locations plotted using global positioning systems (GPS). Locations of plots are indicated in Figure 1.
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Figure 1. Location of permanent plots at Spring Pond Nature Preserve.
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Results A total of 81 species were identified in the sample plots located inside the preserve in 1996, with a total of 80 seen in 2007. Table 1 is a master list of all plants encountered in sample plots. Common names, scientific names and status as native or non-native are given. Plants identified only to genus could not be identified to species due to phenological constraints. That is, critical flower or fruit parts were needed for identification were not present at the time of the surveys. Although the total number of species seen in plots varied by only one between 1996 and 2007, this does not mean there was a change involving only one species. 31 species were seen in 2007 that were not recorded in 2007 (Table 1). The most notable new additions to the flora in the preserve are Japanese barberry, Autumn olive, Amur honeysuckle, and Multiflora rose. All four are invasive exotic species. Japanese barberry was not seen inside or outside the preserve in 1996. The latter three were all detected in sample plots outside the preserve, but not inside, in 1996.
More species were present in plots located outside of, but adjacent to, the preserve in 1996 (71) and in 2007 (66). 23 of the species seen in 2007 were not detected in 1996. Oriental bittersweet and Winged burning-bush, both invasive exotics, were seen for the first time in or out of the preserve on plots outside in 2007.
No plants listed as rare, threatened, or endangered by the Division of Nature Preserves were seen in either sample years
Plot-level data for both sample years are presented in Appendix 1 for tree-layer vegetation and in Appendix 2 for herb-layer vegetation. For the tree-layer, some large trees were lost due to death between 1997 and 2007. A few large trees were present in plots in 2007 that were not recorded in 1997. Some of these trees are of large enough size that they are unlikely to have been missed in 1997 and could not be new growth. Likely explanations for the discrepancy between
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the two sample years include slight changes in the location of point centers as the permanent markers were installed and points were GPS’ed (a tree was considered in the plot if more than one-half of the trunk was in, so a few cm. change could affect inclusion) and data recording errors. In cases of discrepancy, the 2007 data are suggested to be more reliable.
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Table 1. Master species list for plants seen in survey plots at Spring Pond Nature Preserve in 1996 and 2007. Inside plots are located within the boundaries of the preserve. Outside plots are just outside the boundaries, adjacent to the preserve in younger growth woods. Scientific name Acalypha sp. Acer negundo Acer nigrum Acer saccharinum Acer saccharum Actea alba Aesculus glabra Agrimonia parviflora Allium tricoccum Arisaema triphyllum Asimina tribola Asplenium platyneuron Barbarea vulgaris* Bidens sp. Berberis thunbergii* Boehmeria cylindrica Botrychium virginianum Campanula americana Campsis radicans Carex grayi Carex laxiflora Carex tribuloides Carpinus caroliniana Carya cordiformis Carya glabra Carya laciniosa Carya ovata Celastrus orbiculatus* Celtis occidentalis Cercis canadensis Cinna arundinacea Circaea quadrisulcata Cornus florida Cornus racemosa Crataegus mollis Cryptotaenia canadensis Cystopteris fragilis Desmodium sp. Dichanthelium clandestinum Dicentra cucullaria Diospyros virginiana Elaeagnus umbellata*
Common name
Inside 1996
Three-seeded mercury Box elder Black maple Silver maple Sugar maple Doll's eyes Ohio buckeye Small-flowered agrimony Wild leek or ramps Jack-in-the-pulpit Paw paw Ebony spleenwort Winter cress Beggar's-ticks Japanese barberry False nettles Rattlesnake fern Tall bellflower Trumpet creeper Gray's sedge Sedge Sedge Musclewood Bitternut hickory Pignut Hickory Shellbark hickory Shagbark hickory Oriental bittersweet Hackberry Redbud Wood reed Enchanter's nightshade Flowering dogwood Gray dogwood Downy hawthorn Honewort Brittle fern Tick-trefoil Deertongue Dutchman's breeches Persimmon Autumn olive
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x x x x x x
Outside 1996
2007
x
x
x
x x
x
x x
x
x
x x x
x x
2007 x x x
x
x x x x x x x
x x x x
x x
x x x x x x x x
x
x
x
x x
x x x x x x
x x
x x x x x
x x
x x x x
x
x x x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x
x x
x x
Epifagus virginiana Erigenia bulbosa Erigeron annus Euonymus alatus* Eupatorium purpureum Eupatorium rugosum Eupatorium serotinum Fagus grandifolia Fragaria virginiana Fraxinus pennsylvanica Fraxinus quadrangulata Galium asprellum Galium boreale Galium circaezans Galium triflorum Geum vernum Geum canadense Geum virginianum Glechoma hederacea* Gleditsia triacanthos Glyceria striata Hackelia virginiana Hydrophyllum virginianum Impatiens capensis Jeffersonia diphylla Juglans nigra Juncus tenuis Laportea canadensis Leersia virginica Ligustrum obtusifolium* Lindera benzoin Liriodendron tulipifera Lonicera japonica* Lonicera maackii* Lycopus virginicus Menispermum canadense Mimulus ringens Nyssa sylvatica Onoclea sensibilis Ophioglossum vulgatum Osmorhiza claytoniii Oxalis stricta Parietaria pensylvanica Parthenocissus quinquefolia Phlox divaricata Phryma leptostachya Phytolacca americana Pilea pumila
Beech drops Harbinger of Spring Fleabane Winged burning-bush Sweet joe-pye weed White snakeroot Late-flowering thoroughwort American Beech Common strawberry Green ash Blue ash Hay-scented bedstraw Northern bedstraw Wild licorice Fragrant bedstraw Spring avens White avens Cream avens Ground ivy Honey-locust Fowl mannagrass Beggar's lice Virginia waterleaf Spotted jewelweed Twinleaf Black walnut Path-rush Wood nettle Virginia cut-grass Privet Spice bush Tulip tree Japanese honeysuckle Amur bush honeysuckle Bugleweed Canada moonseed Monkey-flower Black gum Sensitive fern Adder's tongue fern Sweet cicely Yellow wood sorrel Pellitory Virginia creeper Spring phlox Lop-seed Pokeweed Clearweed
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x x
x x
x
x x
x
x
x x x
x x
x x x x x x
x x
x
x x
x x
x x x x x x x x x
x x
x x x x
x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x
x
x x
x x
x x
x
x x x x x x
x x x x x x
x x x x
x x
x x x
x x x x x x x
x
x x x x x
x x x
Plantago lanceolata* Platanus occidentalis Podopyllum peltatum Polemonium reptans Polygonatum biflorum Polygonum virginianum Populus deltoides Potentilla simplex Prunella vulgaris* Prunus serotina Quercus alba Quercus bicolor Quercus macrocarpa Quercus muehlenbergii Quercus palustris Quercus rubra Ranunculus abortivus Ranunculus septentrionalis Ranunculus hispidus Ribes cynosbati Rosa multiflora* Rubus allegheniensis Rubus occidentalis Sambucus canadensis Sanicula marilandica Sassafras albidum Scutellaria galericulata Scutellaria lateriflora Senecio obovatus Smilax hispida Solidago caesia Solidago flexicaulis Staphylea trifolia Taraxacum officinale* Thelypteris hexagonoptera Tilia americana Toxicodendron radicans Tradescantia subaspera Trillium sessile Ulmus rubra Verbena urticifolia Viburnum dentatum Viburnum prunifolium Viola pubescens Viola sororia Vitis vulpina
Plantain Sycamore May-apple Greek valerian True Solomon's seal Virginian knotweed Cottonwood Common cinquefoil Heal all Black cherry White oak Swamp white oak Bur oak Chinquapin oak Pin Oak Red oak Kidney-leaved buttercup Swamp buttercup Rough buttercup Gooseberry Multiflora rose Allegheny raspberry Black raspberry Elderberry Black snakeroot Sassafras Common skullcap Mad-dog scullcap Round-leaved golden ragwort Hispid greenbriar Blue-stemmed goldenrod Zig-zag goldenrod Bladder-nut Dandelion Beech fern Basswood or linden Poison-ivy Spiderwort Toadshade Slippery elm White vervain Southern arrowwood Black haw Smooth yellow violet Common purple violet Grapevine
*non-native
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x x x x x x x
x
x x
x x
x x x
x x x x x x
x x
x
x
x x
x
x x
x x
x x x x
x x x x x x x
x x x x x x
x x
x x
x x
x
x
x x
x x
x
x
x x x x
x x x x x x x x x
x
x x x
x x
x
x
x x
x x
x x x
x x x
x
Tree-layer vegetation Inside the preserve, density of trees increased by almost 30%, while basal area decreased 16% between the sample years (Table 2). Several very large trees died between 1996 and 2007. Structure of the vegetation outside the preserve was more stable, with small percentage increases in both density (8.2%) and basal area (7.7%).
Table 2. Comparison of the structure of tree-level vegetation in 5 permanent plots inside Spring Pond Nature Preserve and in 3 plots outside but adjacent to the preserve in 1996 and 2007.
Inside 1996
2007
Outside 1996
2007
Density (trees/ha)
1,018
1,313
1,167
1,263
Basal area (dm2/ha)
2,924
2,444
2,068
2,228
Several species were detected in the tree-layer in 2007 that either were not present or were too small to meet the definition of tree in 1996: Grape vine, Basswood, Black maple (possibly not distinguished from sugar maple in past sampling), Chinquapin oak, Hawthorn, and Pignut hickory.
The density of Paw paw inside the preserve increased greatly, resulting in an Importance Value increase of almost 300% (Table 3). Importance Value of sugar maple decreased by 50%, due to a decrease in density. Other species had more consistent values in both years. Outside the preserve, Black-haw was seen for the first time in 2007, along with Musclewood, Pignut hickory, Poison ivy, and Chinquapin oak, with the later species being found in low densities (Table 4). Species present in 1996 but not seen in 2007 were also low density in the original surveys: Blue ash, Persimmon, and Spicebush. Green ash and Sugar maple accounted for most of the basal area of trees outside the preserve in both years. The top three species in Importance Value were the same both years: Elm, Sugar maple, and Green ash, in that order. 9
Table 3. Tree-level species composition based on survey sites inside Spring Pond Nature Preserve. Common names are in table 1. 1997 2007 Density Density (Trees/ha) (Trees/ha) Fagus grandifolia 40.0 37.8 Tilia americana 2.2 Carya cordiformis 53.3 28.9 Prunus serotina 11.1 11.1 Nyssa sylvatica 4.4 Acer nigrum 2.2 Juglans nigra 2.2 2.2 Fraxinus quadrangulata 24.4 4.4 Quercus macrocarpa 6.7 6.7 Quercus muehlenbergii 2.2 Populus deltoides 4.4 6.7 Cornus sp. 11.1 4.4 Vitis sp. 4.4 Fraxinus pennsylvanica 31.1 31.1 Celtis occidentalis 28.9 15.6 Crataegus sp. 2.2 Carpinus caroliniana 53.3 42.2 Aesculus glabra 91.1 82.2 Asimina tribola 102.2 471.1 Diospyros virginiana 2.2 Carya glabra 2.2 Carya ovata 2.2 2.2 Carya laciniosa 17.8 6.7 Ulmus rubra 251.1 282.2 Lindera benzoin 6.7 46.7 Acer saccharum 242.2 206.7 Quercus michauxii 2.2 Platanus occidentalis 2.2 4.4 Liriodendron tulipifera 2.2 Scientific Name
1997 2007 Basal Area Basal Area (dm2/ha) (dm2/ha) 186.2 186.2 1.0 361.7 281.8 2.2 70.7 0.3 11.3 24.0 27.1 8.1 0.2 109.5 135.1 38.1 90.6 107.9 1.4 0.3 0.2 303.6 347.0 94.8 45.8 0.2 13.4 12.9 29.3 38.0 3.9 26.5 0.6 0.1 1.6 4.8 31.1 28.6 169.5 279.9 0.2 4.1 580.8 702.6 27.7 65.4 91.5 4.8
I.V. = Importance Value = mean of relative density, relative basal area and relative frequency
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1997 I.V.* (%) 5.7 8.4 1.3 0.5 0.5 1.1 2.0 1.4 1.3 6.4 3.7 4.4 6.8 6.3 0.3 0.3 2.3 15.0 0.8 30.0 0.6 1.0 0.3
2007 I.V.* (%) 5.3 0.3 6.6 2.2 0.4 0.6 0.4 2.6 0.8 1.8 0.5 0.5 7.4 2.3 0.2 3.5 5.6 17.1 0.2 0.3 1.1 15.8 3.1 19.6 1.7
Table 4. Tree-level species composition based on survey sites outside but adjacent to Spring Pond Nature Preserve. Common names are in Table 1. 1997 2007 Density Density (Trees/ha) (Trees/ha) Carya cordiformis 14.8 18.5 Viburnum prunifolia 18.5 Prunus serotina 22.2 22.2 Juglans nigra 3.7 11.1 Fraxinus quadrangulata 3.7 Acer negundo 11.1 11.1 Cornus sp. 33.3 55.6 Vitis sp. 7.4 63.0 Fraxinus pennsylvanica 55.6 74.1 Celtis occidentalis 3.7 3.7 Crataegus sp. 3.7 14.8 Carya sp. 3.7 Carpinus caroliniana 3.7 Asimina tribola 3.7 14.8 Diospyros virginiana 7.4 Carya glabra 3.7 Quercus palustris 14.8 7.4 Toxicodendron radicans 11.1 Acer saccharinum 11.1 18.5 Ulmus rubra 574.1 514.8 Lindera benzoin 3.7 Acer saccharum 388.9 385.2 Liriodendron tulipifera 3.7 3.7 Scientific Name
1997 2007 Basal Area Basal Area (dm2/ha) (dm2/ha) 100.9 262.5 1.2 89.3 92.6 0.1 53.5 0.4 12.2 32.0 1.5 3.7 0.7 5.7 496.9 559.5 0.8 0.4 2.3 2.2 0.1 2.4 0.1 0.6 103.9 1.8 219.4 168.1 2.1 279.0 206.4 348.1 345.5 0.0 409.6 518.0 2.2 9.2
I.V. = Importance Value = mean of relative density, relative basal area and relative frequency
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1997 I.V.* (%) 3.4 4.2 0.5 0.5 1.2 2.8 0.9 13.8 0.5 0.5
0.5 2.6 5.4 5.9 31.0 0.5 25.7 0.5
2007 I.V.* (%) 5.5 1.1 3.4 1.7 1.7 3.0 4.7 14.3 0.4 1.3 0.4 0.4 1.0 0.4 3.3 0.6 4.4 26.6 24.9 0.5
Herb-layer vegetation Composite statistics that summarize the amount of variation in the herb-layer vegetation at the plot level show very similar values for richness (the average number of taxa found in a plot), evenness and Shannon-Weaver diversity (both indices of species diversity based on the number of taxa and their cover class values) (Table 5).
Table 5. Comparison of herb-layer vegetation in permanent plots at Spring Pond Nature Preserve in 1996 and 2007.
Inside 1996
2007
Outside 1996
2007
Richness
10.6
10.4
12.0
11.5
Evenness
0.948
0.933
0.960
0.966
Shannon-Weaver diversity
2.206
2.119
2.365
2.322
Inside the preserve, the most frequently encountered plants in both survey years were spicebush seedlings and saplings, Virginia knotweed, violets (Table 6). Jewelweed was more common in 1996. Wood reed and Cream avens were found on more than half the plots in 2007 but were not found inside the preserve in 1996. Spicebush, Paw paw and Virginia knotweed had the highest average cover classes.
Outside the preserve, White avens, Jewelweed, Virginia knotweed, Poison ivy and violets were found on the most plots in 1996 (Table 6). All but the Avens and Jewelweed remained common in 2007. Spicebush, Wood reed, Virginia knotweed and Cream avens had the largest average cover class values in 2007.
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Table 6. Common herb-layer species at Spring Pond Nature Preserve, on plots inside and outside the preserve in 1996 and 2007. Species found on 20% or more of the plots are listed. c.c = cover class. Species
Acer saccharum Asimina triloba Boehmeria cylindrica Botrychium sp. Campsis radicans Cornus sp. Cryptotaenia canadensis Eupatorium rugosum Eupatorium serotinum Fraxinus sp. Galium circaezans Galium triflorum Geum canadense Geum virginianum Impatiens capensis Lindera benzoin Lonicera maackii Parthenocissus quinquefolia Pilea pumila Podophyllum peltatum Polygonum virginianum Prunella vulgaris Quercus sp. Rosa multiflora Rubus occidentalis Sanicula marilandica Smilax hispida Toxicodendron radicans Ulmus sp. Viola sp. Vitis sp. Cinna arundinacea Leersia virginica Unknown grass Carex tribuloides Unknown sedge
Inside % Freq. 1996 24.4 28.9 35.1
Mean c.c. 2007 1996
26.7
0.2 1.0 0.5
2007
Outside % Freq 1996
2007
20.0 42.2 24.4 60.0
46.7
55.6 44.4 28.9 66.7
33.3 31.1 66.7
1.1 1.4 2.7 0.7 0.5 0.4 1.1
22.2 31.1 26.7 22.2 55.6
2.6
1.7
70.4
0.4
51.9 40.7 37.0
0.4
37.8
0.6
0.4
42.2
22.2 29.6 22.2 77.8 59.3 88.9 55.6 25.9
26.7
70.4 22.2 63.0
1.1 1.0 0.6
26.7
33.3 22.2
66.7 66.7 33.3 40.7
0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2 1.1 0.7 2.0 1.3 0.4
96.3 22.2 33.3 51.9 33.3
0.9
48.1
0.9 0.2 0.7
40.7
0.8 0.8 0.4
85.2 51.9
0.3 0.6
0.3 33.3
0.5 0.5
0.4 0.3 0.3
66.7 44.4
40.0
29.6 0.9 0.3 1.7
0.5
66.7
0.2 0.2
0.4 0.6 0.4
64.4 64.4 82.2
2007
0.8 22.2 22.2
37.8 28.9
Mean c.c. 1996
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1.2 1.8 0.5 0.6
2.0 0.3 0.4 1.1 0.7
0.9 0.6 1.9
1.1 37
77.8
0.6 0.3
0.5 1.0
Species of Concern No non-native species were on the plots inside the preserve in 1996 (Table 7). By 2007, five species were present. Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maakii) was the most frequent, found in five plots. Although Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii) was found in only one plot inside the preserve, it was seen often in areas off the sampling plots. Four of the five non-native species present in the preserve in 2007 were found in adjacent sample plots outside the preserve in 1996. Oriental bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus) was newly detected in plots outside the preserve in 2007. Inside the preserve, Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii) and Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) covered from 1-7% of plots in which they occurred (cover class 1). Autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata), Amur honeysuckle, and Muliflora rose (Rosa multiflora) covered 8-25% (cover class 2).
Table 7. Non-native species encountered in plot surveys. Species
Inside (A,C,D,E,F) 1996
2007
Outside (B,H,G) 1996
Berberis thunbergii Celastrus orbiculatus Elaeagnus umbellata Ligustrum obtusifolium Lonicera japonica Lonicera maackii
C9
A7, C8 A3, A5, A7, C2, C4
B8 H4 B9 B3, B5, B6, G2, G4
Rosa multiflora
A3, A7
G3
A3,A7
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2007 B1, G1, G5 G2 B5, G7 G3, G6 B2, B4, B5, G4, G6, G7, H5, H7, H9 B3, B6, B9, G2, G3, G4, G5, G7, G8, G9, H1, H2, H4, H6
Conclusions and Recommendations Our ten year resurvey data show that the vegetation at Spring Pond Nature Preserve continues to be of significant natural area quality, as noted in our 1996 report. Threats from invasive exotic species are on the increase. In 1996, we found no invasive exotics on plots within the preserve, but noted Amur honeysuckle, Japanese honeysuckle, Autumn olive, Multiflora rose and Privet in plots adjacent to, but outside, the boundaries of the preserve. By 2007, all but privet had established inside the preserve. This shows that the adjacent woods may be a point of entry for invasives. Both Spring Pond and surrounding woods should be surveyed by Stewardship staff with the goal of eliminating all invasive exotic plants. Japanese barberry is of special concern. It was not noted during 1996 surveys, but has established at three survey points outside and one inside the preserve. Many other individuals were noted on the survey plots inside the preserve.
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Appendix 1. Tree-layer vegetation by plot at Spring Pond Nature Preserve. 1997
2007
Plot
Common name
DBH (cm)
Common name
DBH (cm)
A1
Bitternut hickory
30.1
Bitternut hickory
34.2
Green ash
2.6, 2.5
Green ash
5.0
Hawthorn
3.6
Ohio buckeye
8.5
Paw paw
4.0, 3.3, 3.0, 2.7, 2.6
Paw paw
2.3, 2.0, 1.9, 1.7
Slippery elm
7.6, 7.0
Spice bush
2.1, 1.8, 1.7
Sugar maple
5.1, 2.9
Paw paw Slippery elm
A2
A4
5.1
Sugar maple
4.3
American beech
55.5
Hackberry
53.1
Ohio buckeye
4.4, 4.3, 3.8, 3.0
Ohio buckeye
6.2, 4.6
Paw paw
4.9, 3.1, 2.8, 2.3, 2.2
Paw paw
4.7, 4.0, 4.0, 3.9, 3.9
Paw paw
2.2, 2.1, 2.0, 1.7
Paw paw
3.7, 3.2, 3.1, 3.0, 2.6
Paw paw
2.3, 2.2, 2.1, 1.7, 1.4
Slippery elm
29.5, 10.7
Spice bush
4.7, 3.4, 3.2, 2.2, 2.1
Spice bush
2.0, 1.7
Slippery elm
A3
2.5, 1.7
8.5
Sugar maple
33.0, 3.3, 2.7
Black cherry
6.1
Black cherry
7.4
Green ash
3.1, 2.5
Green ash
4.7
Paw paw
3.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.8, 1.7
Paw paw
1.5, 1.5, 1.4, 1.3
Slippery elm
10.5, 7.7
Slippery elm
5.2, 4.6, 3.9, 2.6
Sugar maple
64.3, 27.9
Bitternut hickory
36.0
16
Sugar maple
50.5, 23.5
A5
3.4
Sugar maple
23.5
Paw paw
2.0, 1.1, 1.0
Spice bush
2.5, 2.2
Sugar maple
38.5, 6.3, 5.8, 5.1, 4.2
Sugar maple
26.7, 23.8, 3.0, 2.8, 2.7, 2.2
American beech
5.0
Green ash
4.2
Green ash
12.5, 11.2, 2.0
Paw paw
3.0
Paw paw
6.1, 5.5, 4.7, 3.9, 3.4
Paw paw
3.2, 3.0, 2.7, 2.6, 2.6
Paw paw
2.5, 2.5, 2.3, 2.0
Pumpkin ash
7.0
Slippery elm
8.6
Spice bush
2.5
Basswood or Linden
7.5
Spice bush
2.1
A6
Sugar maple
38.6, 21.0
A7
A8
Spice bush
Sugar maple
50.2, 37.0
Sugar maple
51.8
American beech
2.3, 2.3
American beech
5.3, 4.9, 3.9
Spice bush
1.4
Sugar maple
8.7, 6.4, 6.4, 5.1, 3.2
Sugar maple
3.1, 2.7
Black maple
25.4
Blue ash
8.7, 7.1
Sugar maple
51.4, 6.0, 4.4, 3.1, 2.5
A9 Green ash
2.7
Hackberry
5.5, 3.7
Hackberry
4.0
Ohio buckeye
4.0, 3.2
Ohio buckeye
4.1, 2.7
Persimmon
5.8 Paw paw
1.7, 1.6
17
Slippery elm Sugar maple
7.3 5.2, 4.4, 4.1, 3.1
B1
B2
B3
B4
Pumpkin ash
3.4
Slippery elm
14.0, 11.9
Spice bush
1.4
Sugar maple
9.0, 8.0, 7.9, 7.8, 5.8
Sugar maple
5.5, 3.9
Bitternut hickory
39.4
Black cherry
12.7
Pin oak
39.6
Slippery elm
12.3, 9.6, 3.2, 2.8
Slippery elm
10.5, 10.1, 4.7
Sugar maple
7.8, 5.2, 5.2
Sugar maple
23.2, 14.9, 6.5, 3.8
Pin oak
52.7
Pin oak
58.2
Slippery elm
14.6, 11.2, 2.4
Slippery elm
11.0, 5.5, 3.2
Sugar maple
12.9, 12.0
Sugar maple
26.6, 19.1, 15.0, 11.2
Sugar maple
10.7, 6.9
Black cherry
31.6
Paw paw
1.8
Black cherry
11.8
Grape
3.8
Persimmon
41.9
Slippery elm
14.6, 8.7, 3.9, 3.4, 2.4
Slippery elm
12.9, 12.4, 4.0
Sugar maple
10.3, 3.8, 3.1
Sugar maple
18.2, 17.3, 14.9, 11.6
Sugar maple
11.3, 3.6
Black cherry
24.3
Black cherry
29.5
Green ash
38.1
Green ash
41.3
Slippery elm
5.9, 5.8, 2.6, 2.3, 2.0, 1.9
Slippery elm
16.0, 5.5, 2.4
Sugar maple
19.7, 17.2, 13.5, 13.2, 4.9
Sugar maple
23.2, 21.3, 17.0, 7.4, 6.8
Sugar maple
3.5, 3.2, 2.0
Sugar maple
4.3, 4.0, 2.2
Tulip poplar
8.7
Tulip poplar
17.8
18
B5
Black cherry
14.8
Black cherry
15.4
Slippery elm
9.3, 8.5, 4.7, 3.7, 3.0
Slippery elm
11.0, 4.1, 3.9, 3.7, 2.6
Sugar maple
25.2, 11.8, 11.4, 9.7, 5.8
Sugar maple
22.0, 16.0, 15.2, 11.1, 9.9
Sugar maple
1.7
Sugar maple
2.0
Box elder
29.0
Slippery elm
14.0, 6.6
Slippery elm
20.0, 7.1
Sugar maple
16.5, 15.8, 9.8, 7.0, 5.3, 4.1
Sugar maple
17.8, 11.6, 5.3, 3.3
Green ash
49.1
Slippery elm
9.5, 9.0, 8.0, 5.3, 5.2
Slippery elm
17.6, 16.0, 12.8, 8.8, 7.1
Slippery elm
5.2, 4.2, 3.3, 3.2, 1.8
Slippery elm
6.5, 6.4, 5.5, 4.5, 4.4, 3.4
Sugar maple
31.3, 12.8, 12.2
Sugar maple
16.7, 16.6
Bitternut hickory
48.5
Black cherry
40.1
Black cherry
30.3
Green ash
20.0
Green Ash
23.5
Persimmon
42.6
Silver maple
70.5
Silver maple
62.7
Slippery elm
11.8, 11.8, 8.2, 5.8, 5.7
Slippery elm
6.9, 3.6
Sugar maple
13.8, 9.1, 9.0, 4.5, 4.3, 3.8
Sugar maple
18.1, 1.0., 9.7, 4.7, 4.5
Hackberry
5.2
Slippery elm
20.0, 12.5, 10.3, 7.9, 7.2
Slippery elm
31.8, 15.8, 15.7, 12.2, 9.5
Slippery elm
3.3
Slippery elm
9.5, 3.3
Sugar maple
17.1, 16.3, 9.7, 9.3, 7.0
Sugar maple
19.8, 18.0, 12.6, 7.4, 7.2
Sugar maple
6.5, 2.7, 2.2
Green ash
59.0, 56.1
Green ash
63.3, 60.4
Musclewood
10.6
Paw paw
4.7, 4.7, 4.1, 3.9, 3.8
Paw paw
3.6, 2.1, 1.8, 1.5, 1.2, 1.1
B6
B7
B8
B9
C1
Sugar maple
42.4, 37.0, 31.7, 22.4, 14.7
19
C2
C3
C4
American beech
2.2
Green ash
54.5 Musclewood
6.3, 4.2
Paw paw
4.2, 2.3, 2.0, 1.5, 1.5
Paw paw
1.3, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, 1.1
Spice bush
1.6
Spice bush
2.0
Sugar maple
37.9, 32.4, 16.0, 13.4
Sugar maple
24.7, 19.2, 4.2
Black walnut
37.1
Black walnut
39.4
Hackberry
46.5, 3.9, 2.6
Hackberry
47.2
Ohio buckeye
8.4, 5.0, 4.8, 4.7, 3.4, 2.8
Ohio buckeye
12.1, 9.4, 8.2, 3.4
Paw paw
2.9, 2.7, 2.3, 2.3, 2.0
Paw paw
1.8, 1.6, 1.6
Slippery elm
5.3
Slippery elm
6.4, 4.4
Sugar maple
45.9, 45.0, 27.8, 3.2
Sugar maple
46.9, 46.0, 33.2, 6.6, 5.2
Sugar maple
2.8
Green ash
67.6
Green ash
72.5
Ohio buckeye
2.9
Ohio buckeye
3.4
Paw paw
1.3, 1.2, 1.2
Paw paw
2.7, 2.4, 2.4, 2.1, 2.0
Paw paw
2.0, 2.0, 1.9, 1.4
Sugar maple
11.8
Hackberry
3.7
Paw paw
2.9, 2.9, 2.5, 2.4, 2.4
Paw paw
2.3, 2.2, 2.2, 2.1, 2.0
Paw paw
2.0, 1.9, 1.8, 1.8, 1.8
Paw paw
1.8, 1.8, 1.7, 1.7, 1.7
Paw paw
1.7, 1.7, 1.7, 1.6, 1.6
Paw paw
1.5, 1.5, 1.5, 1.5, 1.4
Paw paw
1.4, 1.3, 1.2
Sugar maple
47.3, 25.4, 21.6, 20.4
Sugar maple
11.5
Paw paw
2.1, 1.9, 1.7, 1.6, 1.5, 1.5
C5
Sugar maple
46.2, 23.9, 20.9, 17.6
20
C6
Grape
2.8
Ohio buckeye
3.6
Ohio buckeye
5.3, 4.9, 4.8
Paw paw
2.5, 2.2, 2.0, 1.9, 1.9
Paw paw
4.3, 4.2, 4.1, 4.1, 3.8
Paw paw
1.6, 1.6, 1.5
Paw paw
3.7, 3.7, 3.5, 3.4, 3.4
Paw paw
3.4, 3.2, 3.1, 3.1, 3.0
Paw paw
2.9, 2.8, 2.7, 2.6, 2.6
Paw paw
2.6, 2.6, 2.5, 2.5, 2.5
Paw paw
2.5, 2.4, 2.4, 2.4, 2.1
Paw paw
2.0, 2.0, 1.7, 1.6, 1.6
Paw paw
1.5, 1.5, 1.3
Sugar maple
41.0
Paw paw
4.6, 1.6, 15, 1.4, 1.4
Paw paw
1.3, 1.3, 1.1
Sugar maple
50.7, 49.1
Hackberry
2.5
Spice bush
1.9
Sugar maple
40.0
C7 Sugar maple
49.9, 54.0
C8
C9
D1
Paw paw
1.4, 1.3, 1.2, 1.2, 1.2
Sugar maple
44.6, 37.0, 11.9, 2.0
Sugar maple
65.1
Paw paw
2.7, 2.0, 2.0, 1.9, 1.9
Paw paw
11.3, 5.9, 5.4, 5.0, 4.4
Paw paw
1.8, 1.5
Paw paw
3.6, 3.1, 2.2, 2.0
Bitternut hickory
19.3, 11.8
Flowering dogwood
3.6
Musclewood
10.0
Ohio buckeye
4.4
Ohio buckeye
4.3
Paw paw
1.4, 1.4
Slippery elm
20.8, 15.3, 11.7, 9.8, 9.3
Slippery elm
6.9, 6.3
Sugar maple
7.9
Slippery elm Sugar maple
14.0, 6.8, 6.4, 6.3, 6.2 7.5
21
D2
D3
D4
D5
Hackberry
1.4
Musclewood
7.3, 6.5
Musclewood
6.3
Paw paw
2.4
Paw paw
2.6, 1.4, 1.1, 1.0
Slippery elm
14.1, 9.8, 7.0, 5.8, 5.2
Slippery elm
18.5, 11.7, 11.5, 11.0, 7.8
Slippery elm
5.7
Sugar maple
2.0
Bur oak
44.0
Bur oak
47.6
Green ash
46.4
Green ash
48.0
Ohio buckeye
7.0
Shellbark hickory
27.4
Shellbark hickory
27.8
Slippery elm
15.6, 9.2, 8.3, 7.4, 4.9
Slippery elm
19.7, 9.7, 8.5, 8.3, 5.6
Slippery elm
4.9
Bitternut hickory
29.8
Dogwood
2.7
Bitternut hickory
24.5, 20.5, 18.0, 15.9, 15.9
Bitternut hickory
15.4, 14.6
Flowering dogwood
2.4
Hackberry
10.7
Ohio buckeye
8.7, 5.9, 3.1, 2.7
Ohio buckeye
9.0, 6.2, 3.3
Paw paw
2.8
Paw paw
3.7, 1.6
Shagbark hickory
9.7 Shellbark hickory
12.9
Slippery elm
11.4, 11.0, 7.5, 7.2
Slippery elm
21.2, 19.2, 18.6, 16.1, 15.7
Slippery elm
12.0, 11.3, 11.1, 5.3
Hackberry
2.7
Musclewood
8.6, 5.9
Musclewood
10.6, 7.5
Ohio buckeye
10.3, 9.0, 8.9, 7.2, 4.3, 2.7
Ohio buckeye
12.6, 11.0, 10.1, 9.8, 8.2
Ohio buckeye
7.9, 5.7, 4.3
Paw paw
2.0
Paw paw
1.3, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, 1.0
Slippery elm
9.9, 9.7
Slippery elm
12.0, 11.6, 6.3, 5.6
Sugar maple
4.2, 3.5
Sugar maple
5.1, 4.2
22
D6
D7
D8
D9
Bitternut hickory
39.1
Bitternut hickory
5.5
Bur oak
51.0
Bur oak
55.7
Musclewood
8.2
Musclewood
8.8
Ohio buckeye
8.5
Ohio buckeye
8.3
Slippery elm
50.0, 18.1, 10.8, 7.9, 7.8
Slippery elm
42.5, 22.7, 12.4, 12.0, 9.0
Slippery elm
5.6, 2.4
Slippery elm
5.8, 3.5
Bitternut hickory
22.0
Bitternut hickory
24.7
Black cherry
61.3
Bur oak
41.7
Bur oak
48.7
Cottonwood
51.0, 50.9
Cottonwood
55.6, 41.1, 37.4
Hackberry
8.3
Hackberry
8.4
Ohio buckeye
8.0, 2.0
Ohio buckeye
8.0
Paw paw
1.7
Shellbark hickory
14.9
Slippery elm
9.9, 9.2
Slippery elm
18.7, 17.7, 11.5, 10.3, 4.3
Slippery elm
2.4
Sycamore
23.1
Bitternut hickory
38.3
Dogwood
3.3
American beech
3.4
Bitternut hickory
36.6
Green ash
29.6
Green ash
30.7
Hackberry
12.0
Hackberry
16.8
Ohio buckeye
12.2, 7.8
Ohio buckeye
13.4
Shellbark hickory
4.5, 2.8
Slippery elm
12.5, 10.9, 9.9, 9.8, 9.6
Slippery elm
17.8, 13.2, 13.2, 12.5, 6.2
Slippery elm
8.6, 7.9, 5.5, 3.0, 2.6
Slippery elm
4.5, 2.8
Flowering dogwood
1.8
Musclewood
13.1
Musclewood
3.9
Pignut hickory
2.8
23
E1
E2
E3
E4
Shellbark hickory
2.6
Slippery elm
13.8, 6.0, 4.9, 4.6, 4.0
Slippery elm
18.2, 12.1, 11.6, 7.9, 5.4
Slippery elm
3.7, 3.2, 3.1
Slippery elm
5.2, 4.7, 3.8, 3.8
Hackberry
6.3, 4.0
Musclewood
4.1
Musclewood
5.3
Ohio buckeye
11.7, 2.1
Paw paw
2.0
Slippery elm
18.7, 11.2, 11.0, 9.3, 9.0
Slippery elm
18.9, 13.8, 8.8, 6.4, 5.7
Slippery elm
5.3, 4.7, 4.3, 4.2, 4.0, 3.8
Slippery elm
5.2, 3.3
Sugar maple
61.8, 3.2
American beech
4.0, 3.8
Bitternut hickory
44.3, 18.0
Bitternut hickory
35.8
Green ash
11.8, 1.9
Musclewood
5.7
Musclewood
7.3, 6.1, 4.5, 4.5
Slippery elm
7.3, 3.2
Slippery elm
13.0
Sugar maple
7.0, 6.1
Grape
2.3
Green ash
8.9
Musclewood
5.0, 4.5
Blue ash
13.9 7.0, 6.8, 6.8, 6.7
Blue ash
6.2, 3.8, 3.6, 2.7, 2.5, 1.8
Flowering dogwood
3.2
Musclewood
3.0
Ohio buckeye
1.3
Slippery elm
9.9, 8.9, 6.1, 5.9, 1.7
Slippery elm
16.0
Bitternut hickory
9.3, 8.1
Bitternut hickory
11.1
Musclewood
5.2, 4.3, 3.8
Ohio buckeye
7.8
Ohio buckeye
8.5
Paw paw
3.0
Slippery elm
3.1
Slippery elm
5.3
24
E5
E6
E7
E8
E9
Sugar maple
29.6, 21.0
Sugar maple
31.9, 21.9
Musclewood
3.9, 2.6, 2.4, 2.3, 2.2
Shellbark hickory
24.9
Shellbark hickory
26.7
Slippery elm
19.4, 12.3, 11.3, 10.9, 6.9
Slippery elm
15.5, 13.8, 13.6, 8.8, 8.7
Slippery elm
6.2, 5.6, 5.6, 5.6, 5.4
Slippery elm
7.2, 6.7, 6.7, 6.3, 6.2
Slippery elm
4.6, 4.5, 4.1, 3.4, 2.6
Slippery elm
5.7, 5.4, 4.4, 4.0, 3.4
Slippery elm
3.2, 3.1, 2.7
Bitternut hickory
74.6
Bitternut hickory
70.4
Black gum
3.7
Flowering dogwood
6.7
Musclewood
2.7
Musclewood
3.6
Ohio buckeye
10.6, 2.4
Ohio buckeye
10.3, 2.6
Shagbark hickory
16.5
Slippery elm
8.7, 7.0, 5.6
Slippery elm
11.2, 9.8, 8.9, 7.5
Tulip poplar
16.5
Black gum
1.0
Chinquapin oak
39.8
Chinquapin oak
46.7
Ohio buckeye
10.1, 7.0, 5.5
Ohio buckeye
11.2, 7.4, 6.5, 2.5
Paw paw
2.5
Paw paw
1.3, 1.1, 1.1
Paw paw
3.0, 2.6, 2.5, 1.9, 1.6
American beech
36.9
American beech
38.5
Bitternut hickory
15.5, 14.3, 5.2
Bitternut hickory
18.8, 8.5
Musclewood
3.6, 3.6, 3.4
Musclewood
5.0, 4.6
Paw paw
2.7, 1.0
Paw paw
1.6, 1.5, 1.2, 1.1
Shellbark hickory
9.8
Slippery elm
3.9, 3.7
Slippery elm
15.5, 8.0, 5.3, 5.0
Sugar maple
20.0, 3.4, 2.1
Sugar maple
20.4, 3.9
Bitternut hickory
41.8
Bitternut hickory
49.5
25
F1
Musclewood
3.8, 2.8
Shellbark hickory
7.7
Slippery elm
12.6, 12.6, 9.3, 7.8, 7.1
Slippery elm
12.5, 10.5, 7.6, 7.3, 7.3
Slippery elm
5.5, 4.9, 4.6, 4.4, 4.0
Slippery elm
6.9, 6.8, 5.6, 5.2, 5.0
Slippery elm
3.0, 2.3
Slippery elm
4.0, 3.8, 3.4, 3.2
American beech
9.7, 4.7 Bitternut hickory
46.2
Black cherry
5.1 Hackberry
2.6
Paw paw
2.5, 1.8
Paw paw
3.9
Sugar maple
39.1, 13.2, 5.3, 5.2, 4.5
Sugar maple
13.8, 13.7, 9.2, 2.7
Sugar maple
4.2, 3.8, 3.1, 2.4, 2.0, 1.2 American beech
8.7
Black cherry
4.8
Black cherry
9.9
Paw paw
2.2
Sugar maple
57.5, 35.3, 15.3, 9.4, 5.7
Sugar maple
4.5, 2.6
F2
Sugar maple
F3
F4
F5
54.6, 40.0, 33.3, 1.8
American beech
4.2
American beech
10.8
Sugar maple
30.8, 9.9
Sugar maple
13.3, 5.1
Sycamore
61.2
Sycamore
68.6
American beech
28.2, 22.5, 15.9, 6.5
American beech
39.3, 31.6, 20.6, 11.9
Black cherry
5.6
Black cherry
8.7
Paw paw
1.6
Sugar maple
55.2, 34.6, 2.3
Sugar maple
5.3, 4.8, 4.2
Black cherry
3.2
Black cherry
8.1
Slippery elm
4.6
Slippery elm
8.5
Sugar maple
63.7, 51.8, 44.2, 24.4, 4.3
Sugar maple
36.3, 8.4, 5.3, 4.7, 3.1
Sugar maple
4.3, 3.8, 3.4, 2.8, 2.2
Sugar maple
2.3
26
F6
F7
F8
American beech
4.5
American beech
6.2
Ohio buckeye
4.2
Ohio buckeye
8.5
Spice bush
2.2
American beech
66.4
American beech
74.7, 5.3
Musclewood
2.7
Paw paw
1.3
Slippery elm
6.8, 5.2
Slippery elm
9.1, 7.2
Sugar maple
4.1, 3.6, 2.5, 2.4, 2.1
Sugar maple
7.1, 6.3, 5.1, 4.9, 4.2
Sugar maple
1.6, 1.5
Sugar maple
3.1, 2.3, 1.7, 1.7
American beech
3.4
American beech
7.0
Slippery elm
5.7, 5.1
Slippery elm
9.5, 8.5
Sugar maple
49.0, 17.3, 14.4, 10.0, 4.8
Sugar maple
50.5, 17.5, 16.5, 7.8, 7.8
Sugar maple
2.0, 1.5
Sugar maple
4.5, 2.3, 2.2
American beech
7.6, 6.2
Green ash
57.0
Spice bush
2.6, 1.3
Sugar maple
28.4
Dogwood
3.9, 3.0, 2.0, 1.0
Green ash
3.8
Hickory seedling
1.8
Paw paw
3.7, 1.6, 1.4
Slippery elm
10.8, 9.1, 9.0, 4.6, 2.6
Box elder
5.7
F9 Bitternut hickory
G1
G2
52.4
Sugar maple
29.0, 25.4
Bitternut hickory
1.2
Dogwood sp.
2.4
Flowering dogwood
2.6
Slippery elm
10.6, 9.4, 8.5, 8.1, 6.3
Slippery elm
6.2, 4.4
Blue ash
3.9
27
G3
Slippery elm
26.2, 12.8, 11.5, 11.4, 8.5
Slippery elm
8.4, 6.9, 5.2
Sugar maple
18.8, 18.2, 17.4, 13.7, 13.6
Bitternut hickory
47.0
3.5, 2.1
Green ash
4.8
Slippery elm
13.7, 10.5, 9.8, 9.2
Sugar maple
24.7, 21.3, 20.2, 18.9, 18.8
Sugar maple
18.4, 16.1
Bitternut hickory
65.0
Black haw
5.2, 2.3, 1.6, 1.2
Hawthorn
3.6
Slippery elm
9.0, 8.6, 7.0, 4.7, 3.9
Slippery elm
14.3, 12.0, 8.8, 8.1, 7.4
Slippery elm
3.4, 3.1, 3.0, 2.4, 2.1, 1.5
Slippery elm
5.6, 5.3, 4.4, 4.4, 3.4, 3.4
Slippery elm
3.2, 3.1, 2.4, 2.4, 1.8
Sugar maple
14.0
Sugar maple
13.7
Grape
3.6
Pin oak
46.0
Pin oak
48.9
Slippery elm
15.7, 11.6, 10.0, 8.9, 7.2
Slippery elm
15.7, 12.6, 8.6, 8.0, 5.4
Slippery elm
5.7, 3.8, 2.0
Slippery elm
3.0
Sugar maple
39.9, 14.2, 13.7
Sugar maple
24.9, 22.5, 16.8, 12.9
Box elder
14.5
Box elder
15.0
Flowering dogwood
3.1
Flowering dogwood
2.2
Grape
3.3
Grape
3.4, 2.0
Hawthorn
8.9
Hawthorn
5.5, 5.3
Paw paw
1.7
Slippery elm
15.3, 12.4, 9.0, 6.7, 5.9
Slippery elm
19.1, 5.0, 4.7, 4.0
Slippery elm
4.4, 4.2, 3.9, 3.1
Sugar maple
9.9, 4.8
Sugar maple
10.8, 10.7
Black haw
2.3
Hawthorn
1.7
Slippery elm
13.4, 4.1, 3.7, 2.6
G4
G5
Grape
G6 Slippery elm
11.5, 6.7, 4.9, 3.6
28
G7
Sugar maple
14.8
Grape
3.7, 3.7, 1.7
Pin oak
32.9
Slippery elm
7.6, 7.4, 4.8, 3.2, 3.1
Slippery elm
11.6, 9.1, 5.3, 5.2, 4.9
Slippery elm
3.0, 2.0
Slippery elm
4.6
Sugar maple
12.2, 11.8, 11.5, 10.9, 4.9
Sugar maple
14.3, 13.3, 12.9, 12.8
Sugar maple
3.5 Grape
3.6, 3.1
Green ash
22.6
Green ash
28.6
Slippery elm
12.4, 9.7, 8.0, 6.7, 5.3
Slippery elm
14.4, 10.8, 8.5, 8.3, 7.4
Slippery elm
4.9, 4.0, 3.3
Slippery elm
6.5, 4.4
Sugar maple
18.6, 11.1, 10.6, 8.4, 7.1
Sugar maple
20.9, 11.8, 8.3, 8.2, 6.7
Sugar maple
6.4, 5.8, 2.9, 1.4
Sugar maple
6.1, 6.0, 3.8
Box elder
14.3, 2.4
Flowering dogwood
3.8, 1.0
Dogwood
4.0, 3.4, 2.5
Grape
3.7, 3.2
Green ash
12.1
Green ash
16.5
Musclewood
9.1
G8
G9
H1
Slippery elm
10.0, 7.5, 7.3, 6.1, 3.8
Slippery elm
20.1, 12.7, 11.5, 9.3, 6.3
Slippery elm
3.0, 2.8, 2.2
Slippery elm
5.4, 5.3, 5.0, 4.5, 4.1, 3.8
Slippery elm
3.0, 2.9, 2.9, 2.3, 2.1
Sugar maple
5.8
Sugar maple
6.7, 4.0
Bitternut hickory
15.5
Bitternut hickory
2.9.
Green ash
23.6
Green ash
11.8, 14.1
Silver maple
43.2
Silver maple
53.9, 9.2
Slippery elm
19.8, 10.3, 9.3, 8.2, 7.0
Slippery elm
14.4, 11.5, 9.3, 6.7
Slippery elm
5.7, 5.0
Sugar maple
14.7, 8.4, 5.9, 5.2, 2.2
Sugar maple
15.9, 3.3, 2.5
29
H2 Black walnut
2.2
Flowering dogwood
2.3, 1.9, 1.4, 1.2
Dogwood
4.2, 4.0, 3.2, 2.5
Green ash
35.0, 18.0, 11.2
Green ash
36.0, 18.0, 15.0
Poison ivy
5.5, 5.0, 4.0
Slippery elm
13.3, 10.9, 8.5, 6.3, 3.7
Slippery elm
2.8
Sugar maple
3.5
Slippery elm
7.0, 6.1, 4.3
Sugar maple
3.0
Dogwood
2.2, 2.0, 1.5
Green ash
16.8
Green ash
21.3
Silver maple
52.6
Silver maple
13.0
Slippery elm
12.4, 9.9, 9.2, 8.2, 7.8
Slippery elm
9.0, 7.6, 7.0, 5.7, 4.3
Slippery elm
6.7, 6.2, 6.0, 5.4 Grape
4.3
Green ash
30.0
Green ash
35.7
Slippery elm
16.0, 10.5, 8.1, 6.5, 4.4
Slippery elm
17.9, 8.4, 7.4
Sugar maple
14.7, 12.5, 11.3, 10.5, 8.9
Sugar maple
8.3, 6.2, 3.4
Sugar maple
4.4, 3.5, 3.3, 3.2
Black cherry
18.1
Slippery elm
9.9, 8.5, 7.1, 3.9
Slippery elm
14.5, 9.9, 6.9
Sugar maple
11.7, 8.1, 7.5, 5.3, 4.5, 1.8
Sugar maple
12.3, 10.1, 8.5, 7.6, 2.3
Green ash
34.2
Green ash
43.7, 30.6, 19.1
Hackberry
3.9
Slippery elm
6.5
Sugar maple
20.7, 10.0, 6.0
H3
H4
H5
H6
H7
Slippery elm
19.8, 16.1, 9.3, 5.0, 5.0
Spice bush
1.0
Sugar maple
11.6, 9.5, 4.5
Bitternut hickory
31.9
30
Green ash
H8
39.8
Black walnut
23.2, 22.5
Grape
3.7
Green ash
47.2
Pignut hickory
7.9
Slippery elm
27.7
Slippery elm
14.7, 9.8
Sugar maple
13.2, 10.8, 10.3, 6.0
Sugar maple
12.8, 10.8, 8.3, 2.7
Black cherry
13.6 Black walnut
28.2
Grape
2.8, 2.6
Green ash
55.5, 54.0
Green ash
51.5, 44.3
Slippery elm
19.9, 13.0, 11.2, 7.0, 5.0
Slippery elm
8.5, 5.8, 4.3
Grape
5.3
Green ash
43.4
Slippery elm
11.2, 9.2, 6.5, 3.6, 3.2
Sugar maple
16.7, 14.9, 12.6, 9.0
H9
Sugar maple
21.3, 16.3, 12.5, 9.9, 5.7
31
Appendix 2. Herb-layer vegetation by plot at Spring Pond Nature Preserve. Values are cover class values. Common names are in Table 1. 1996
2007
value
value
Agrimonia parviflora
–
2
Arisaema triphyllum
1
–
Asimina triloba
4
–
Boehmeria cylindrica
–
2
Cinna arundinacea
–
2
Erigeron annuus
–
1
Eupatorium serotinum
1
1
Geum canadense
1
–
Geum virginianum
–
2
Grass sp.
2
–
Leersia virginica
–
2
Lindera benzoin
–
4
Phytolacca americana
–
1
Pilea pumila
1
–
Polygonum sp.
1
–
Prunella vulgaris
–
1
Sanicula marilandica
1
–
Scutellaria galericulata
–
1
Aesculus glabra
–
1
Arisaema triphyllum
1
–
Asimina triloba
4
–
Aster sp.
1
–
Boehmeria cylindrica
–
3
Carex grayi
–
2
Carex sp.
1
–
Cinna arundinacea
–
2
Cryptotaenia canadensis
1
–
Fraxinus sp.
–
3
Geum canadense
1
–
Geum virginianum
–
2
Grass sp.
1
–
Impatiens capensis
1
–
Notch-leaved unknown
1
–
Pilea pumila
1
3
Polygonum virginianum
–
3
Rosa sp.
–
2
Rubus occidentalis
–
2
Sanicula marilandica
1
–
Smilax hispida
1
–
Viola sp.
1
–
Acer saccharum
1
–
Agrimonia parviflora
–
1
Asimina triloba
2
2
Plot
scientific name
A1
A2
A3
32
A4
A5
Boehmeria cylindrica
2
–
Carex sp.
1
2
Cinna arundinacea
–
2
Cornus sp.
–
2
Elaeagnus umbellata*
–
2
Eupatorium rugosum
–
2
Eupatorium serotinum
–
1
Galium circaezans
1
–
Galium triflorum
–
1
Geum virginianum
–
2
Grass sp.
2
Lindera benzoin
2
3
Lonicera maackii*
–
2
Osmorhiza calytoni
1
–
Oxalis stricta
1
–
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
1
2
Pilea pumila
1
–
Podophyllum peltatum
1
–
Polygonum virginianum
1
–
Rosa multiflora*
–
1
Sanicula marilandica
2
–
Smilax hispida
1
–
Ulmus sp.
–
3
Viola sp.
1
–
Carya sp.
–
1
Cryptotaenia canadensis
2
–
Eupatorium serotinum
–
1
Fagus grandifolia
–
3
Geum canadense
1
–
Geum virginianum
–
2
Grass sp.
5
2
Impatiens capensis
1
–
Lindera benzoin
3
4
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
–
3
Polygonum virginianum
1
–
Ulmus sp.
–
2
Verbena urticifolia
–
2
Agrimonia parviflora
–
2
Arisaema triphyllum
2
–
Asimina triloba
–
3
Aster sp.
–
1
Carex sp.
1
–
Carex tribuloides
–
3
Cornus sp.
–
1
Eupatorium rugosum
3
2
Fraxinus sp.
–
3
Galium circaezans
1
1
Geum canadense
1
–
33
A6
A7
Geum virginianum
–
2
Impatiens capensis
2
–
Leersia virginica
–
2
Lindera benzoin
4
4
Lonicera maackii*
–
2
Lycopus virginicus
1
–
Osmorhiza claytonii
1
–
Oxalis stricta
1
–
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
–
1
Pilea pumila
1
–
Podophyllum peltatum
1
–
Polygonum virginianum
2
2
Rubus occidentalis
–
1
Sanicula marilandica
2
1
Viola sp.
–
1
Arisaema triphyllum
1
–
Bidens sp.
–
2
Boehmeria cylindrica
1
–
Cinna arundinacea
–
2
Eupatorium rugosum
–
2
Fraxinus sp.
–
3
Galium asperellum
1
–
Geum virginianum
–
2
Grass sp.
1
–
Leersia virginica
–
2
Lindera benzoin
4
3
Pilea pumila
1
–
Polygonum sp.
–
1
Polygonum virginianum
–
2
Sanicula marilandica
1
–
Solidago caesia
–
2
Toxicodendron radicans
1
1
Viola sp.
1
1
Acer saccharum
1
–
Cinna arundinacea
–
1
Elaeagnus umbellata*
–
2
Fraxinus sp.
1
2
Galium circaezans
1
–
Geum canadense
1
–
Geum virginianum
–
2
Grass sp.
1
–
Jeffersonia diphylla
1
–
Lindera benzoin
4
4
Lonicera japonica*
–
1
Lonicera maackii*
–
2
Menispermum canadense
1
–
Pilea pumila
1
–
Podophyllum peltatum
2
–
34
A8
A9
Polygonum sp.
1
1
Quercus sp.
–
1
Rosa multiflora*
–
3
Rubus occidentalis
1
3
Scutellaria lateriflora
1
–
Ulmus sp.
1
–
Verbena urticifolia
–
1
Viburnum dentatum
–
1
Viola sp.
1
–
Vitis sp.
–
1
Acer saccharum
–
1
Botrichium sp.
1
–
Carex tribuloides
–
1
Carpinus caroliniana
–
1
Carya sp.
–
1
Cinna arundinacea
–
3
Eupatorium rugosum
1
2
Fagus grandifolia
1
2
Fraxinus sp.
1
3
Galium circaezans
2
–
Galium triflorum
–
1
Geum virginianum
–
1
Lindera benzoin
5
4
Osmorhiza claytoniii
–
1
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
2
–
Phytolacca americana
1
–
Polygonatum biflorum
2
–
Polygonum virginianum
1
2
Rubus occidentalis
–
2
Sanicula marilandica
1
–
Toxicodendron radicans
–
1
Viola sp.
1
1
Acer saccharum
1
–
Asimina triloba
3
3
Boehmeria cylindrica
2
–
Carex sp.
1
–
Cinna arundinacea
–
2
Eupatorium rugosum
1
3
Fraxinus sp.
–
3
Galium circaezans
1
–
Geum canadense
1
–
Geum virginianum
–
2
Leersia virginica
–
2
Lindera benzoin
–
4
Pilea pumila
2
–
Polygonum sp.
1
–
Polygonum virginianum
1
–
Smilax hispida
1
–
35
B1
B2
B3
Toxicodendron radicans
1
–
Viola sp.
1
1
Vitis sp.
–
1
Berberis thunbergii*
–
3
Botrichium sp.
1
–
Campsis radicans
1
–
Carex sp.
1
–
Carex tribuloides
–
1
Euonymus alatus
–
1
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
3
–
Galium boreale
1
–
Galium circaezans
1
1
Geum canadense
1
–
Impatiens capensis
1
–
Lindera benzoin
1
3
Osmorhiza claytonii
1
–
Phryma leptostachya
1
–
Polygonum virginianum
–
1
Rosa sp.
1
–
Sanicula marilandica
1
–
Toxicodendron radicans
1
–
Viola sp.
1
–
Vitis sp.
–
1
Carex sp.
1
–
Cinna arundinacea
–
1
Cryptotaenia canadensis
–
1
Fraxinus pennslyvanica
1
–
Galium circaezans
–
2
Impatiens capensis
1
–
Lindera benzoin
–
1
Lonicera maackii*
–
1
Parthenocissus quinquelifolia
–
1
Phryma leptostachya
1
–
Polygonum virginianum
1
1
Toxicodendron radicans
1
–
Unknown seedling
–
1
Viola sp.
1
–
Asmina triloba
–
1
Boehmeria cylindrica
1
–
Carex sp.
1
–
Carex tribuloides
–
1
Cinna arundinacea
–
2
Eupatorium rugosum
–
1
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
1
–
Fraxinus sp.
–
2
Galium circaezans
1
–
Geum canadense
1
1
36
B4
B5
Geum virginianum
1
–
Lindera benzoin
4
2
Linguistrum vulgare
1
–
Lonicera maackii*
1
–
Parthenocissus quinquelifolia
–
1
Polygonum sp.
–
2
Polygonum virginianum
1
2
Rosa multiflora*
–
1
Sanicula marilandica
1
1
Senecio obovatus
1
1
Staphylea trifolia
–
1
Toxicodendron radicans
1
–
Viola sp.
1
1
Asplenium platyneuron
–
1
Boehmeria cylindrica
1
–
Campsis radicans
1
–
Carex sp.
1
–
Carex tribuloides
–
1
Eupatorium rugosum
–
2
Galium circaezans
1
1
Geum canadense
1
–
Geum virginianum
–
1
Impatiens capensis
1
–
Liriodendron tulipifera
–
1
Lonicera maackii*
–
2
Oxalis stricta
1
–
Podophyllum peltatum
1
–
Polygonum virginianum
1
1
Rosa sp.
1
–
Sassafras albidum
–
1
Smilax hispida
1
–
Toxicodendron radicans
–
1
Ulmus sp.
1
–
Viola sp.
2
1
Botrichium sp.
1
1
Carex sp.
1
–
Carex tribuloides
–
1
Elaeagnus umbellata*
–
2
Eupatorium rugosum
–
2
Galium boreale
1
–
Geum canadense
1
–
Grass sp.
1
–
Lonicera maackii*
1
1
Oxalis stricta
1
–
Phryma leptostachya
1
–
Rosa sp.
2
–
Rubus occidentalis
1
–
Sanicula marilandica
1
–
37
B6
B7
Senecio obovatus
1
–
Toxicodendron radicans
1
–
Ulmus sp.
1
1
Viola sp.
2
1
Acer saccharum
1
–
Asimina triloba
–
4
Boehmeria cylindrica
2
–
Botrichium sp.
1
–
Campsis radicans
1
–
Carex sp.
1
–
Carex tribuloides
–
1
Cinna arundinacea
–
2
Cryptotaenia canadensis
1
–
Eupatorium rugosum
–
1
Fraxinus sp.
1
–
Galium circaezans
1
1
Geum canadense
2
–
Geum virginianum
–
1
Grass sp.
1
–
Impatiens capensis
1
–
Lindera benzoin
–
3
Lonicera maackii*
1
–
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
1
1
Polygonum virginianum
–
2
Quercus sp.
–
1
Rosa multiflora*
–
1
Rosa sp.
1
–
Sanicula marilandica
1
1
Ulmus sp.
1
–
Viola sp.
1
1
Carex sp.
1
–
Carex tribuloides
–
1
Cinna arundinacea
–
3
Eupatorium rugosum
–
1
Galium circaezans
1
–
Geum virginianum
1
2
Grass sp.
1
–
Impatiens capensis
1
–
Juncus tenuis
–
1
Lindera benzoin
–
1
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
1
–
Polygonum sp.
–
1
Polygonum virginianum
2
3
Quercus sp.
–
1
Rosa sp.
2
–
Sanicula marilandica
1
–
Toxicodendron radicans
1
2
Ulmus sp.
1
–
38
B8
B9
C1
Viola sp.
1
2
Campsis radicans
1
–
Carex sp.
1
–
Carex tribuloides
–
1
Cinna arundinacea
–
2
Elaeagnus umbellata*
1
–
Geum canadense
1
–
Geum virginianum
–
1
Grass sp.
1
–
Impatiens capensis
1
–
Lindera benzoin
1
2
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
1
–
Phryma leptostachya
1
–
Polygonum virginianum
1
2
Sanicula marilandica
1
–
Smilax hispida
1
–
Toxicodendron radicans
1
–
Vitis sp.
–
1
Acer saccharum
–
1
Campsis radicans
1
1
Carex sp.
1
–
Carex tribuloides
–
2
Cinna arundinacea
–
1
Galium circaezans
–
1
Geum virginianum
–
2
Impatiens capensis
1
–
Lindera benzoin
1
–
Lonicera japonica*
1
–
Phryma leptostachya
1
–
Polygonum virginianum
–
3
Rosa multiflora*
–
1
Rosa sp.
1
–
Sanicula marilandica
1
1
Smilax hispida
1
–
Viola sp.
1
2
Acer saccharum
1
–
Agrimonia parviflora
–
2
Arisaema triphyllum
1
–
Celtis occidentalis
2
–
Cinna arundinacea
–
2
Eupatorium serotinum
–
1
Fraxinus sp.
1
3
Geum virginianum
1
2
Grass sp.
1
–
Hepatica americana
1
–
Leersia virginica
–
2
Lindera benzoin
4
3
39
C2
C3
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
1
–
Podophyllum peltatum
1
–
Polygonum virginianum
–
2
Quercus rubra
1
–
Smilax hispida
1
–
Vitis sp.
–
2
Acer saccharum
1
–
Agrimonia parviflora
–
1
Arisaema triphyllum
1
–
Asimina triloba
2
2
Cinna arundinacea
–
1
Cornus sp.
–
2
Eupatorium rugosum
1
–
Eupatorium serotinum
–
1
Fraxinus sp.
–
2
Geum canadense
1
–
Geum virginianum
–
2
Hackelia virginiana
–
1
Lindera benzoin
3
3
Lonicera maackii*
–
2
Osmorhiza claytonii
1
–
Oxalis stricta
1
–
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
–
1
Podophyllum peltatum
2
–
Polygonum sp.
–
3
Polygonum virginianum
1
2
Rubus occidentalis
1
2
Smilax hispida
1
–
Viola sp.
1
–
Vitis sp.
–
1
Acer saccharum
1
1
Aesculus glabra
1
–
Asimina triloba
3
5
Botrichium sp.
1
–
Cinna arundinacea
–
1
Eupatorium rugosum
–
3
Fraxinus sp.
2
3
Geum canadense
1
–
Geum virginianum
1
1
Hepatica americana
1
–
Leersia virginica
–
1
Lindera benzoin
–
3
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
–
2
Podophyllum peltatum
2
–
Polygonum sp.
1
–
Polygonum virginianum
–
2
Quercus sp.
–
1
Rubus occidentalis
–
2
40
C4
C5
C6
Sanicula marilandica
–
1
Toxicodendron radicans
–
1
Unknown seedling
–
1
Viola sp.
1
1
Acer saccharum
1
–
Carex laxiflora
–
1
Cinna arundinacea
–
1
Cornus sp.
–
2
Eupatorium rugosum
1
2
Galium circaezans
–
2
Geum virginianum
–
2
Gleditsia triacanthos
–
1
Impatiens capensis
1
–
Juncus tenuis
–
2
Lindera benzoin
4
3
Lonicera maackii*
–
2
Oxalis stricta
–
1
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
1
2
Phryma leptostachya
1
1
Pilea pumila
–
1
Polygonum sp.
–
2
Polygonum virginianum
2
–
Quercus sp.
1
–
Rubus occidentalis
1
2
Sanicula marilandica
1
–
Smilax hispida
1
–
Ulmus sp.
1
–
Unknown seedling
–
1
Viola sp.
2
1
Vitis sp.
–
1
Acer saccharum
1
–
Asimina triloba
4
5
Boehmeria cylindrica
1
–
Carex tribuloides
–
2
Cinna arundinacea
–
3
Dicentra cucullaria
1
–
Eupatorium rugosum
2
3
Fraxinus sp.
–
3
Geum virginianum
–
2
Hepatica americana
1
–
Lindera benzoin
4
4
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
1
–
Podophyllum peltatum
1
–
Polygonum virginianum
–
3
Viola sp.
1
1
Asimina triloba
4
4
Carex tribuloides
–
1
41
C7
C8
Carpinus caroliniana
–
1
Cinna arundinacea
–
2
Eupatorium rugosum
–
2
Fraxinus sp.
–
4
Galium boreale
1
–
Geum canadense
1
–
Geum virginianum
–
2
Hackelia virginiana
–
1
Impatiens sp.
–
1
Leersia virginica
–
2
Lindera benzoin
3
3
Menispermum canadense
–
1
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
1
2
Pilea pumila
2
–
Poa pratensis
–
1
Polygonum sp.
2
–
Polygonum virginianum
–
3
Scutellaria lateriflora
1
–
Smilax hispida
1
1
Toxicodendron radicans
1
–
Carex laxiflora
–
1
Carex sp.
1
–
Cinna arundinacea
–
2
Cornus sp.
–
2
Eupatorium rugosum
–
2
Fraxinus sp.
–
3
Galium circaezans
–
1
Geum canadense
1
–
Geum virginianum
–
1
Grass sp.
1
–
Impatiens capensis
2
–
Leersia virginica
–
2
Lindera benzoin
5
3
Pilea pumila
–
1
Podophyllum peltatum
1
–
Rubus occidentalis
–
2
Sanicula marilandica
1
–
Ulmus sp.
–
1
Viburnum dentatum
1
–
Viola sp.
1
1
Vitis sp.
–
1
Acalypha sp.
–
1
Arisaema triphyllum
1
–
Asimina triloba
3
3
Carex sp.
1
–
Carex tribuloides
–
1
Cornus sp.
–
2
Eupatorium rugosum
–
3
42
C9
D1
Fraxinus sp.
–
2
Geum virginianum
–
2
Leersia virginica
–
3
Lindera benzoin
4
3
Lonicera japonica*
–
1
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
–
1
Polygonatum biflorum
1
–
Sanicula marilandica
1
–
Smilax hispida
1
–
Viola sp.
1
–
Vitis sp.
–
1
Acer saccharum
–
1
Asimina triloba
5
–
Berberis thunbergii*
–
1
Cinna arundinacea
–
1
Cornus sp.
–
2
Eupatorium rugosum
–
3
Eupatorium serotinum
–
1
Fraxinus sp.
–
3
Geum virginianum
–
2
Gleditsia triacanthos
–
1
Grass sp.
2
–
Hepatica americana
1
–
Impatiens capensis
3
–
Leersia virginica
–
3
Lindera benzoin
4
3
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
1
2
Pilea pumila
1
1
Polygonum sp.
2
–
Polygonum virginianum
–
3
Sanicula marilandica
–
1
Smilax hispida
–
1
Toxicodendron radicans
–
2
Viola sp.
1
1
Acer saccharum
–
1
Asimina triloba
1
–
Boehmeria cylindrica
2
–
Carex sp.
2
–
Carpinus caroliniana
–
1
Cinna arundinacea
–
2
Circaea quadrisulcata
–
1
Cryptotaenia canadensis
2
1
Eupatorium rugosum
2
3
Geum virginianum
–
1
Impatiens capensis
4
–
Lindera benzoin
3
3
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
2
–
Pilea pumila
–
2
43
D2
D3
D4
Polygonum virginianum
3
3
Solidago caesia
–
1
Toxicodendron radicans
–
2
Laportea canadensis
2
–
Viola sp.
–
1
Asimina triloba
–
2
Carpinus caroliniana
–
2
Cinna arundinacea
–
1
Cryptotaenia canadensis
3
1
Eupatorium rugosum
1
–
Fraxinus sp.
–
1
Galium boreale
1
–
Glyceria striata
–
3
Grass sp.
3
–
Impatiens capensis
3
–
Lindera benzoin
3
–
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
–
1
Pilea pumila
–
1
Podophyllum sp.
2
–
Polygonum virginianum
–
2
Quercus sp.
–
1
Scutellaria epilobiifolia
1
–
Scutellaria lateriflora
1
1
Smilax hispida
–
1
Solidago caesia
–
1
Toxicodendron radicans
–
1
Unknown seedling
–
1
Carex sp.
2
–
Circaea quadrisulcata
–
1
Cryptotaenia canadensis
2
–
Geum canadense
1
–
Glyceria striata
–
1
Grass sp.
2
–
Impatiens capensis
3
–
Lindera benzoin
2
3
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
1
–
Pilea pumila
–
1
Polygonum virginianum
2
3
Sanicula marilandica
–
1
Smilax hispida
2
–
Viola sp.
–
1
Boehmeria cylindrica
2
–
Carex sp.
2
–
Carex tribuloides
–
1
Cryptotaenia canadensis
2
–
Geum canadense
–
1
Geum virginianum
–
2
44
D5
D6
D7
Impatiens capensis
4
–
Lindera benzoin
3
3
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
2
–
Polygonum virginianum
3
3
Solidago caesia
–
1
Toxicodendron radicans
2
–
Unknown grass 3
–
2
Asimina triloba
3
3
Boehmeria cylindrica
1
–
Botrichium sp.
1
–
Carex sp.
1
–
Carya cordiformis
1
–
Cryptotaenia canadensis
2
–
Glyceria stiata
–
1
Grass sp.
1
–
Impatiens capensis
2
–
Lindera benzoin
3
4
Osmorhiza claytonii
1
–
Oxalis stricta
1
–
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
2
–
Podophyllum peltatum
1
–
Polygonum virginianum
1
–
Sanicula marilandica
1
–
Ulmus sp.
1
–
Viola sp.
1
1
Carex sp.
1
–
Cryptotaenia canadensis
2
–
Geum canadense
1
–
Geum virginianum
–
2
Glyceria striata
–
1
Impatiens capensis
3
–
Lindera benzoin
2
3
Polygonum virginianum
3
3
Scutellaria lateriflora
1
–
Viola sp.
1
–
Boehmeria cylindrica
1
–
Carex sp.
2
–
Carex tribuloides
–
1
Carya cordiformis
1
–
Cryptotaenia canadensis
1
–
Grass sp.
1
–
Lindera benzoin
3
3
Menispermum canadense
1
–
Pilea pumila
1
–
Polygonum virginianum
1
–
Scutellaria epilobiifolia
1
–
Toxicodendron radicans
2
2
45
D8
D9
E1
E2
Boehmeria cylindrica
2
–
Cryptotaenia canadensis
1
–
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
1
–
Grass sp.
1
–
Impatiens capensis
3
–
Lindera benzoin
2
3
Menispermum canadense
1
1
Pilea pumila
1
–
Polygonum virginianum
2
1
Scutellaria lateriflora
1
–
Carex tribuloides
–
1
Cryptotaenia canadensis
1
–
Geum canadense
1
–
Grass sp.
1
–
Impatiens capensis
3
–
Lindera benzoin
–
2
Menispermum canadense
1
–
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
2
–
Polygonum virginianum
3
3
Toxicodendron radicans
–
1
Acer saccharum
1
–
Boehmeria cylindrica
–
2
Carex tribuloides
–
1
Carya cordiformis
1
–
Eupatorium serotinum
–
1
Fraxinus sp.
–
3
Galium boreale
1
–
Impatiens capensis
1
–
Laportea canadensis
3
–
Lindera benzoin
5
4
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
1
2
Pilea pumila
–
2
Polygonum virginianum
2
3
Quercus sp.
–
2
Sanicula marilandica
1
–
Toxicodendron radicans
1
–
Unknown seedling
–
2
Viola sp.
1
1
Boehmeria cylindrica
1
1
Campsis radicans
1
–
Cornus sp.
1
–
Cryptotaenia canadensis
2
–
Galium boreale
1
–
Geum canadense
2
–
Geum virginianum
1
–
Grass sp.
1
–
46
E3
E4
E5
Hydrophyllum virginianum
–
2
Impatiens capensis
2
–
Leersia virginica
–
2
Lindera benzoin
1
–
Menispermum canadense
1
–
Mimulus ringens
–
1
Oxalis stricta
1
–
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
1
1
Pilea pumila
1
1
Polygonum virginianum
2
2
Ranunculus hispida
–
1
Toxicodendron radicans
1
–
Viola sp.
1
–
Acer saccharum
–
1
Bidens sp.
–
1
Boehmeria cylindrica
2
3
Campsis radicans
1
–
Carex tribuloides
–
2
Cinna arundinacea
–
2
Cryptotaenia canadensis
1
–
Eupatorium rugosum
2
1
Fraxinus sp.
–
2
Galium triflorum
2
–
Impatiens capensis
1
–
Leersia virginica
–
2
Lindera benzoin
3
2
Menispermum canadense
1
1
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
1
1
Pilea pumila
1
2
Polygonum virginianum
2
2
Aesculus glabra
1
–
Asimina triloba
–
3
Boehmeria cylindrica
2
–
Cryptotaenia canadensis
1
–
Fraxinus sp.
–
1
Grass sp.
1
–
Impatiens capensis
3
–
Leersia virginica
–
4
Lindera benzoin
2
2
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
1
2
Pilea pumila
1
2
Polygonum virginianum
1
2
Sanicula marilandica
1
–
Laportea canadensis
2
–
Viola sp.
1
–
Aesculus glabra
1
–
Boehmeria cylindrica
1
–
47
E6
E7
E8
Carex sp.
1
–
Cinna arundinacea
–
1
Impatiens capensis
1
–
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
1
–
Polygonum virginianum
1
–
Aesculus glabra
2
–
Boehmeria cylindrica
1
2
Carex sp.
2
–
Carex tribuloides
–
1
Cinna arundinacea
–
1
Cryptotaenia canadensis
2
–
Galium circaezans
–
1
Geum virginianum
–
1
Impatiens capensis
4
–
Lindera benzoin
3
3
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
2
–
Pilea pumila
–
1
Polygonum virginianum
–
3
Scutellaria lateriflora
1
–
Boehmeria cylindrica
1
–
Cinna arundinacea
–
2
Cryptotaenia canadensis
2
–
Fraxinus sp.
–
2
Impatiens capensis
2
–
Impatiens sp.
–
2
Laportea canadensis
1
–
Leersia virginica
–
2
Lindera benzoin
2
3
Nyssa sylvatica
2
–
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
2
2
Pilea pumila
1
3
Polygonum sp.
–
2
Polygonum virginianum
1
3
Quercus sp.
–
1
Asimina triloba
5
3
Campanula americana
1
–
Carex sp.
1
–
Cryptotaenia canadensis
2
–
Eupatorium rugosum
1
–
Galium boreale
1
–
Geum virginianum
–
1
Impatiens capensis
3
–
Laportea candensis
2
–
Parietaria pennsylvanica
–
1
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
–
1
Polygonum virginianum
1
2
48
E9
F1
F2
F3
Campsis radicans
1
–
Celtis occidentalis
1
–
Circaea quadrisulcata
–
1
Impatiens capensis
3
–
Laportea canadensis
1
–
Leersia virginica
–
1
Lindera benzoin
2
3
Menispermum canadense
1
–
Polygonum virginianum
2
3
Toxicodendron radicans
1
3
Carya sp.
–
2
Cinna arundinacea
–
1
Eupatorium rugosum
–
2
Fagus grandifolia
–
1
Geum canadense
1
–
Grass sp.
1
–
Impatiens capensis
1
–
Lindera benzoin
2
3
Parietaria pennsylvanica
–
2
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
1
–
Podophyllum peltatum
1
–
Polygonum sp.
–
3
Polygonum virginianum
1
2
Rubus occidentalis
–
2
Viola sp.
1
–
Acer saccharum
1
1
Botrichium sp.
1
–
Carex sp.
2
–
Carya cordiformis
1
–
Cinna arundinacea
–
1
Erigeron annuus
–
1
Eupatorium rugosum
2
2
Eupatorium serotinum
–
2
Fraxinus sp.
–
3
Geum canadense
1
–
Geum virginianum
–
2
Lindera benzoin
4
3
Parietaria pennsylvanica
–
2
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
1
–
Pilea pumila
1
–
Polygonum virginianum
2
3
Smilax hispida
1
–
Actea pachypoda
1
–
Bothrichium sp.
1
–
Carya cordiformis
2
–
Cinna arundinacea
–
3
Circaea quadrisulata
1
–
49
F4
F5
Cornus sp.
–
1
Fraxinus sp.
–
4
Galium asprellum
2
–
Impatiens capensis
2
–
Lindera benzoin
5
2
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
1
–
Pilea pumila
1
–
Polygonum virginianum
2
2
Smilax hispida
–
1
Toxicodendron radicans
1
2
Viburnum dentatum
–
1
Viola sp.
1
2
Vitis sp.
–
1
Agrimonia parviflora
–
1
Carex sp.
2
–
Cinna arundinacea
–
1
Fraxinus sp.
–
4
Geum canadense
1
–
Geum virginianum
–
1
Laportea canadensis
2
–
Leersia virginica
–
3
Lindera benzoin
3
3
Parietaria pennsylvanica
–
1
Pilea pumila
–
1
Podophyllum peltatum
1
–
Polygonum virginianum
2
1
Sanicula marilandica
1
–
Toxicodendron radicans
–
1
Viola sp.
1
1
Acer negundo
–
2
Boehmeria cylindrica
1
–
Carex sp.
2
–
Carya cordiformis
1
–
Cinna arundinacea
–
2
Circaea quadrisulata
1
–
Eupatorium rugosum
1
–
Eupatorium serotinum
–
1
Fraxinus sp.
2
4
Galium asprellum
2
–
Galium triflorum
1
–
Geum canadense
1
–
Geum virginianum
–
2
Impatiens capensis
1
–
Osmorhiza claytonii
1
–
Parietaria pennsylvanica
–
2
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
1
–
Pilea pumila
1
–
Polygonum sp.
–
2
50
F6
F7
F8
Polygonum virginianum
1
–
Rubus occidentalis
–
1
Smilax hispida
1
–
Ulmus sp.
1
–
Viola sp.
1
–
Acer saccharum
1
2
Carya cordiformis
1
–
Cinna arundinacea
–
1
Cytopteris fragilis
2
–
Eupatorium rugosum
2
2
Fraxinus sp.
1
4
Geum virginianum
–
2
Hackelia virginica
–
1
Impatiens capensis
1
–
Leersia virginica
–
3
Lindera benzoin
4
3
Osmorhiza claytonii
1
–
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
1
–
Pilea pumila
2
–
Polygonum virginianum
1
–
Rubus allegheniensis
–
2
Rubus occidentalis
–
4
Smilax hispida
1
–
Toxicodendron radicans
1
–
Viola sp.
1
–
Cinna arundinacea
–
2
Eupatorium perfoliatum
–
1
Eupatorium rugosum
–
1
Eupatorium serotinum
–
1
Fagus grandifolia
–
2
Fraxinus sp.
–
3
Galium asprellum
1
–
Geum canadense
2
–
Grass sp.
1
–
Lindera benzoin
4
2
Parietaria pennsylvanica
–
1
Pilea pumila
1
–
Polygonum virginianum
2
2
Toxicodendron radicans
–
1
Viola sp.
1
1
Boehmeria cylindrica
–
1
Carex tribuloides
–
1
Cinna arundinacea
–
2
Eupatorium rugosum
–
2
Fagus grandifolia
–
3
Fraxinus sp.
2
–
Geum canadense
1
–
51
F9
G1
Geum virginianum
–
2
Impatiens capensis
1
–
Leersia virginica
–
3
Lindera benzoin
3
2
Parietaria pennsylvanica
–
2
Polygonum virginianum
–
3
Quercus sp.
–
1
Viola sp.
1
–
Acer saccharum
–
1
Agrimonia parviflora
–
1
Bidens sp.
–
1
Carex tribuloides
–
1
Cinna arundinacea
–
1
Cornus sp.
–
2
Erigeron annuus
–
1
Eupatorium rugosum
2
–
Eupatorium serotinum
–
1
Fraxinus sp.
–
2
Geum canadense
1
–
Geum virginianum
–
1
Impatiens capensis
1
–
Laportea canadensis
2
–
Leersia virginica
–
2
Lindera benzoin
5
2
Osmorhiza claytonii
1
–
Oxalis stricta
1
1
Parietaria pennsylvanica
–
2
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
2
–
Podophyllum peltatum
1
–
Polygonum sp.
–
2
Polygonum virginianum
–
3
Quercus sp.
–
1
Rubus occidentalis
–
1
Sanicula marilandica
1
–
Toxicodendron radicans
–
1
Viola sp.
–
1
Asplenium platyneuron
2
–
Berberis thunbergii*
–
2
Campsis radicans
1
–
Carex sp.
1
2
Cinna arundinacea
–
3
Fraxinus sp.
–
2
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
1
–
Galium circaezans
1
–
Galium triflorum
1
–
Geum virginianum
–
2
Lindera benzoin
–
2
Osmorhiza claytonii
1
–
52
G2
G3
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
2
2
Polygonum sp.
–
2
Polygonum virginianum
1
2
Prunella vulgaris
–
1
Rubus occidentalis
3
3
Toxicodendron radicans
2
2
Ulmus sp.
1
–
Unknown seedling
–
2
Viola sp.
1
–
Agrimonia parviflora
–
2
Aster sp.
–
1
Bidens sp.
–
2
Botrichium sp.
1
–
Carex sp.
2
–
Celastrus orbiculatus*
–
1
Cinna arundinacea
–
3
Eupatorium rugosum
2
1
Fraxinus quadrangulata
2
–
Galium asprellum
1
–
Galium triflorum
1
–
Geum canadense
1
–
Geum virginianum
1
1
Impatiens capensis
2
–
Lonicera maackii*
1
–
Orchid sp.
1
–
Oxalis stricta
1
1
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
–
1
Polygonum virginianum
1
2
Prunella vulgaris
–
2
Quercus sp.
–
1
Rosa multiflora*
–
3
Rubus occidentalis
–
3
Rubus sp.
2
–
Sanicula marilandica
–
1
Toxicodendron radicans
1
–
Unknown seedling
–
1
Viburnum dentatum
1
–
Viola sp.
–
1
Vitis sp.
–
1
Agrimonia parviflora
–
1
Agrimonia pubescens
1
–
Aster sp.
–
1
Carex laxiflora
–
1
Carex sp.
2
–
Cinna arundinacea
–
3
Cornus sp.
1
–
Desmodium sp.
–
1
Eupatorium sp.
1
–
53
G4
G5
Fraxinus quadrangulata
1
–
Fraxinus sp.
–
2
Galium triflorum
1
–
Geum canadense
1
–
Geum virginianum
1
2
Impatiens capensis
2
–
Lindera benzoin
–
3
Lonicera japonica*
–
1
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
–
2
Polygonum virginianum
2
2
Quercus sp.
–
1
Ribes cynosbati
–
1
Rosa multiflora*
2
2
Rubus occidentalis
–
1
Rubus sp.
2
–
Sanicula marilandica
1
–
Senecio obovatus
1
–
Solidago sp.
–
1
Toxicodendron radicans
3
2
Ulmus sp.
–
1
Unknown seedling
–
1
Unknown seedling
–
1
Vitis sp.
–
1
Agrimonia parviflora
–
1
Asimina triloba
2
2
Boehmeria cylindrica
–
1
Carex sp.
1
1
Cinna arundinacea
–
2
Galium circaezans
1
–
Geum canadense
1
–
Geum virginianum
–
2
Impatiens capensis
1
–
Lindera benzoin
1
2
Lonicera maackii*
2
2
Polygonum virginianum
2
2
Quercus sp.
–
1
Rosa multiflora*
–
3
Rosa sp.
3
–
Rubus occidentalis
2
2
Toxicodendron radicans
1
–
Viola sp.
1
1
Aster sp.
–
1
Berberis thunbergii*
–
1
Carex sp.
2
–
Cinna arundinacea
–
2
Cornus sp.
1
–
Fraxinus sp.
–
2
Galium triflorum
1
–
54
G6
G7
Geum canadense
3
–
Geum virginianum
2
2
Grass sp.
1
–
Impatiens capensis
5
–
Polygonum virginianum
1
2
Prunella vulgaris
–
1
Rosa multiflora*
–
3
Rosa sp.
2
–
Toxicodendron radicans
–
2
Unknown seedling
–
2
Viola sp.
1
–
Agrimonia parviflora
2
–
Agrimonia pubescens
2
–
Asplenium platyneuron
1
–
Carex sp.
1
–
Cryptotaenia canadensis
2
–
Fraxinus sp.
–
3
Galium triflorum
1
–
Geum canadense
2
–
Geum virginianum
1
2
Glyceria stiata
–
2
Grossularia cynosbati
2
–
Impatiens capensis
3
–
Leersia virginica
–
4
Lonicera japonica*
–
2
Lonicera maackii*
–
2
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
–
2
Polygonum virginianum
1
2
Quercus sp.
1
–
Rosa sp.
–
1
Rubus sp.
3
–
Toxicodendron radicans
1
–
Verbena urticifolia
–
1
Agrimonia parviflora
1
–
Carex sp.
2
2
Cinna arundinacea
–
2
Elaeagnus umbellata*
–
2
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
1
–
Galium circaezans
1
–
Geum canadense
2
–
Geum virginianum
1
2
Impatiens capensis
2
–
Lindera benzoin
3
4
Lonicera maackii*
–
1
Polygonum virginianum
–
2
Rosa multiflora*
–
3
Rosa sp.
1
–
Toxicodendron radicans
1
–
55
G8
G9
H1
Unknown seedling
–
1
Viola sp.
1
–
Carex sp.
1
2
Cinna arundinacea
–
2
Galium triflorum
1
–
Geum canadense
2
–
Geum virginianum
1
2
Grass sp.
4
–
Impatiens capensis
3
–
Leersia virginica
–
1
Lindera benzoin
1
5
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
–
1
Polygonum virginianum
1
2
Rosa multiflora*
–
3
Rosa sp.
1
–
Rubus occidentalis
1
3
Sanicula marilandica
1
–
Smilax hispida
–
1
Toxicodendron radicans
1
2
Botrichium sp.
1
–
Carya sp.
–
1
Cinna arundinacea
–
2
Cryptotaenia canadensis
–
1
Eupatorium rugosum
1
–
Fraxinus sp.
–
2
Galium asprellum
1
–
Geum canadense
2
–
Geum virginianum
1
2
Grass sp.
1
–
Impatiens capensis
2
–
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
2
1
Polygonum virginianum
3
3
Prunella vulgaris
–
1
Quercus sp.
1
1
Rosa multiflora*
–
1
Rosa sp.
2
–
Senecio obovatus
1
–
Toxicodendron radicans
2
3
Unknown mustard
1
–
Viola sp.
1
2
Cryptotaenia canadensis
1
–
Cinna arundinacea
–
3
Geum canadense
1
1
Geum virginianum
2
2
Grass sp.
4
–
Impatiens capensis
3
–
Lindera benzoin
1
–
56
H2
H3
H4
Polygonum virginianum
1
2
Quercus sp.
–
1
Rosa multiflora*
–
1
Rosa sp.
1
2
Solidago sp.
–
1
Toxicodendron radicans
1
–
Verbena urticifolia
–
1
Agrimonia parviflora
–
3
Carex sp.
2
–
Carex tribuloides
–
3
Cinna arundinacea
–
2
Circaea quadrisulata
1
–
Cornus sp.
1
3
Cryptotaenia canadensis
1
–
Geum virginianum
1
2
Grass sp.
4
–
Impatiens capensis
4
–
Juncus tenuis
–
2
Leersia virginica
–
1
Lindera benzoin
2
3
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
–
2
Quercus sp.
–
2
Rosa multiflora*
–
2
Rubus occidentalis
2
2
Solidago sp.
–
1
Toxicodendron radicans
2
3
Ulmus sp.
1
–
Unknown seedling
–
1
Carex sp.
2
–
Carex tribuloides
–
2
Cinna arundinacea
–
3
Eupatorium serotinum
–
2
Fraxinus sp.
–
1
Geum virginianum
1
–
Grass sp.
4
–
Impatiens capensis
1
–
Polygonum virginianum
1
2
Prunella vulgaris
–
1
Quercus sp.
–
1
Rosa sp.
–
3
Scutellaria lateriflora
1
–
Solidago sp.
–
2
Toxicodendron radicans
1
1
Unknown seedling
–
1
Carya sp.
–
2
Cinna arundinacea
–
3
Cryptotaenia canadensis
1
–
57
H5
H6
Galium asprellum
1
–
Geum canadense
1
–
Geum virginianum
2
2
Grass sp.
1
–
Impatiens capensis
4
–
Ligustrum vulgare
1
3
Lindera benzoin
2
3
Plantago lanceolata
–
1
Polygonum virginianum
1
2
Prunella vulgaris
–
1
Rosa multiflora*
–
4
Rosa sp.
2
–
Solidago sp.
–
1
Symphoricarpos orbiculatus
2
–
Toxicodendron radicans
–
1
Unknown seedling
–
2
Asplenium platyneuron
1
–
Cinna arundinacea
–
3
Cryptotaenia canadensis
1
–
Eupatorium rugosum
3
–
Geum canadense
1
–
Grass sp.
1
–
Impatiens capensis
3
–
Lindera benzoin
3
3
Lonicera maackii*
–
2
Oxalis stricta
–
1
Polygonum virginianum
–
3
Rosa sp.
–
1
Rubus occidentalis
–
2
Rubus sp.
1
–
Solidago flexicaulis
–
1
Solidago sp.
–
1
Unknown seedling
–
2
Viola sp.
1
–
Carex sp.
1
–
Cinna arundinacea
–
1
Cryptotaenia canadensis
1
–
Eupatorium rugosum
2
–
Geum canadense
1
–
Geum virginianum
1
–
Impatiens capensis
3
–
Ligustrum vulgare
–
1
Lindera benzoin
3
3
Mimulus ringens
–
1
Oxalis stricta
1
1
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
2
2
Polygonum sp.
–
1
Polygonum virginianum
–
2
58
H7
H8
H9
Rosa multiflora*
–
2
Rubus occidentalis
–
2
Rubus sp.
3
–
Solidago sp.
–
1
Symphoricarpos orbiculatus
1
–
Toxicodendron radicans
1
1
Unknown seedling
–
1
Botrichium sp.
1
–
Carex laxiflora
–
2
Cinna arundinacea
–
2
Cryptotaenia canadensis
1
–
Eupatorium rugosum
1
2
Fraxinus sp.
–
1
Galium circaezans
–
1
Geum canadense
2
–
Geum virginianum
–
2
Grass sp.
3
–
Impatiens capensis
3
–
Lindera benzoin
3
–
Lonicera maackii*
–
1
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
–
1
Polygonum virginianum
1
2
Toxicodendron radicans
–
2
Viola sp.
1
–
Eupatorium rugosum
1
2
Cinna arundinacea
–
1
Fraxinus sp.
–
1
Geum canadense
1
–
Geum virginianum
2
2
Grass sp.
2
–
Hackelia virginica
–
1
Impatiens capensis
3
–
Lindera benzoin
3
3
Osmorhiza claytonii
1
–
Oxalis stricta
–
1
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
2
–
Polygonum sp.
–
2
Polygonum virginianum
1
3
Rosa sp.
–
1
Solidago flexicaulis
–
2
Toxicodendron radicans
1
–
Unknown seedling
–
1
Viola sp.
1
1
Carex sp.
1
–
Cinna arundinacea
–
2
Cornus sp.
1
–
Erigeron annuus
–
1
59
Eupatorium rugosum
–
1
Galium circaezans
–
1
Geum canadense
1
–
Geum virginianum
1
–
Impatiens capensis
3
–
Lindera benzoin
5
3
Lonicera maackii*
–
2
Parietaria pennsylvanica
–
1
Polygonum virginianum
1
2
Rubus occidentalis
–
2
Rubus sp.
1
–
Sanicula marilandica
3
–
Symphoricarpos orbiculatus
2
–
Toxicodendron radicans
–
1
Unknown seedling
–
2
Viola sp.
1
2
*non-native species
60