Prensa Escuela - Actividades Tutoría I

!#4)6)$!$%3õ$%õ454/2ê!

8BEGK; ?

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

<?9>7

:' ,ASĂľREGLASĂľ DELĂľJUEGO CXj i\^cXj [\c al\^f [\Y\e hl\[Xi ZcXiXj [\j[\ \c gi`eZ`g`f% Gfi \jf \j Zfem\e`\ek\ [\[`ZXi cXj gi`d\iXj j\j`fe\j [\ klkfiÂ&#x2C6;X X XYfi[Xi Xc^lefj k\dXj kXe `dgfikXek\j Zfdf cXj efidXj [\c Z\ekif# cfj [\i\Z_fj p cfj [\Y\i\j [\ cfj Xcldefj# cX ]leZ`Â?e [\ cfj [\c\^X[fj [\ ZcXj\ f cX \jkilZkliX [\c Zlijf \jZfcXi ki`d\jki\j# \o}d\e\j# mXZXZ`fe\jÂż % <jkX d`jdX `e]fidXZ`Â?e gl\[\ kiXejd`k`ij\ X cfj gX[i\j X kiXmÂ&#x201E;j [\ cX i\le`Â?e hl\ \c klkfi [\Y\ i\Xc`qXi Zfe \ccfj X gi`eZ`g`fj [\ Zlijf% Jfe XZklXZ`fe\j j\eZ`ccXj hl\ jl\c\e [Xi dlp Yl\efj i\jlckX[fj%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:' '

ÓY^W

·:fd`\eqX cX k\dgfiX[X

%LõPRIMERõD»AõDEõCLASE ;\ i\g\ek\# j\ XZXY \c m\iXef% P \dg\q le el\mf Zlijf hl\# Y`\e d`iX[f# ef \j dlp [`]\i\ek\ [\ cX C`^X [\ = kYfc% P \j hl\ jfe dlZ_Xj cXj j\dXeXj hl\ cfj \jkl[`Xek\j k`\e\e gfi [\cXek\ gXiX al^Xi gXik`[fj# p dlZ_Xj cXj j\j`fe\j [\ ZfeZ\ekiXZ` e \e cXj hl\ _XYi} hl\ Zfii\i p jl[Xi cX ZXd`j\kX% 8c gi`eZ`g`f# p X df[f [\ \eki\eXd`\ekf# cfj \a\iZ`Z`fj [\ ZcXj\ j\ Zfem`\ik\e \e gXik`[fj Xd`jkfjfj \e cfj hl\ cXj i\^cXj [\c al\^f jfe Õ\o`Yc\j p \c XdY`\ek\ \j i\cXaX[f%

G\if cl\^f cc\^Xe cfj ^iXe$ [\j \eZl\ekifj# \j [\Z`i# cXj \mXclXZ`fe\j# hl\ \j ZlXe[f j\ jlY\ f YXaX gl\jkfj \e cX kXYcX% Cfj al^X[fi\j# e\im`fjfj gfi cX k\ej` e [\c dfd\ekf# j cf g`\ejXe \e \c i\jlckX[f% CX XÔZ` e# Zfe]fidX[X gi`eZ`$ gXcd\ek\ gfi ]Xd`c`Xi\j hl\ \e fZXj`fe\j jl[Xe d}j hl\ cfj gifg`fj al^X[fi\j# Xe`dX Zfe jl Xgfpf `eZfe[`Z`feXc [\j[\ \c ^iX[\i f%%% p j\ [\jZXi^X dlZ_X X[i\eXc`eX% GXiX hl\ cX gi\j\ek\ k\dgfiX$ [X jXck\j Xc Z jg\[ dfk`mX[f p Zfe j\[ [\ ki`le]f# _\ Xhl lefj i\Zlijfj1

(% J` Zfej`^l\j \c i`kdf X[\$ ZlX[f [\j[\ \c gi`eZ`g`f p \i\j ZXgXq [\ dXek\e\ik\ Zfe i\^lcXi`[X[# k\id`eXi}j ^XeXe$ [f% D\k\ ^fc\j p \m`kX ]XckXj% )% EleZX [\j gfi g\i[`[f \c gXik`[f% J`\dgi\ \jk} \c j\^le$ [f k`\dgf# `eZcljf cfj ck`dfj d`elkfj# \e cfj hl\ ef gfZXj m\Z\j fZlii\e d`cX^ifj%

*% :feZ\ekiXZ` e# [`jZ`gc`eX p fY\[`\eZ`X Xc k Ze`Zf# jfe cXj ki\j ZcXm\j gXiX ki`le]Xi \e \c k\ii\ef [\ al\^f%

+% Ef k\ hl\[\j \e \c YXehl`ccf% :fem\eZ\ Xc \eki\eX[fi [\ hl\ k mXc\j Zfdf \c hl\ d}j%%%

,% <c \hl`gf \j ]le[Xd\ekXc% ?Xp hl\ ZfcXYfiXi p XgfpXij\ lefj X fkifj%

-% 8lehl\ k\e^Xj klj gi\]\i\eZ`Xj# p [\j$ kXhl\j d}j \e leXj qfeXj hl\ \e fkiXj# k`\e\j hl\ dfm\ik\ gfi kf[f \c ZXdgf# Xc `^lXc hl\ \c YXc e%

;\j[\ \jkX j\ZZ` e# p X cf cXi$ ^f [\c Zlijf# [Xi\dfj Xc^leXj ZcXm\j gXiX hl\ j\gXj Zfe hl \jk`cf [\ al\^f Zfem`\e\ X]ife$ kXi ZX[X \eZl\ekif# Z df j\ gl\[\ gfe\i le gfZf [\ fi[\e \e \c ZXdgf f Z df `eÕXi \c \jg i`kl [\c \hl`$ gf gXiX d\k\i

dlZ_fj ^fc\j% Kf[f gXiX hl\ _X^Xj le X f ^cfi`fjf% :lXe[f XZXY\ cX k\dgfiX[X# _XYi} hl\ _XZ\i YXcXeZ\%%%

<E 9I<M< <C KLKFI <EKI<E8;FI <c klkfi j\ Zfem`\ik\ \e \eki\$ eX[fi X cX _fiX [\ d\afiXi cX \jkiXk\^`X \e \c al\^f \ej\Â&#x152;}e$ [fk\ X dXe\aXi kÂ&#x201E;Ze`ZXj [\ \j$ kl[`f# Xe`d}e[fk\ X gXik`Z`gXi \e \c \hl`gf f XgcXl[`\e[f klj d\afi\j i\^Xk\j%

LE8 I<=C<O@äE J` \c gi\j`[\ek\ [\ le ZclY [\ ]Â&#x2019;kYfc k\ \eZXi^Xj\ hl\ ]l\iXj \c \eki\eX[fi [\ le \hl`gf [\ Gi`d\iX ;`m`j`Â?e hl\ \jk} \e cfj gl\jkfj d\[`fj [\ cX kXYcX gfi \a\dgcf# kl ZcXj\ # ÂśhlÂ&#x201E; _XiÂ&#x2C6;Xj gXiX hl\ ]leZ`feXj\ d\afi6

:' '

Ă&#x201C;Y^W B7 J7H@;J7 :; FH;I;DJ79?ĂŁD ( GXiX hl\ \c klkfi ZfefqZX X cfj Xcldefj

Â&#x203A; Gi\gXiXi le Zl\jk`feXi`f [\ i\Zf^`[X [\ [Xkfj g\ijfeXc\j# ]Xd`c`Xi\j p Xek\Z\[\ek\j XZX[Â&#x201E;d`Zfj% Â&#x203A; Gifgfe\i leX i\[XZZ`Â?e% Gfj`Yc\j k\dXj1 ½Pf jfp XjÂ&#x2C6;ž# ½D`j d\afi\j i\Zl\i[fj [\c m\iXefž# ½Gfi hlÂ&#x201E; p gXiX hlÂ&#x201E; [\dfe`fj hl`\if \jkl[`Xiž# ½œHlÂ&#x201E; ZXdY`XiÂ&#x2C6;X pf \e cX fi^Xe`qXZ`Â?e [\c `ejk`klkf f [\ cX \jZl\cX6ž%%% Cfj Xcldefj k`\e\e jlj gifg`Xj fg`e`fe\j p \j Yl\ef hl\ cXj [`^Xe%

) GXiX hl\ cfj Xcldefj j\ ZfefqZXe \eki\ jÂ&#x2C6;

Â&#x203A; :X[X Xcldef j\ gi\j\ekX# p _XYcX [\c Z\ekif [\c hl\ gifZ\[\ f [\c ^ilgf \c hl\ g\ik\e\ZÂ&#x2C6;X \c XÂ&#x152;f Xek\i`fi%

Â&#x203A; J\ _XZ\ le kfiY\cc`ef [\ `[\Xj jfYi\ cfj `ek\i\j\j [\ cX ZcXj\% Â&#x203A; J\ i\Xc`qX cX [`e}d`ZX [\ ^ilgf ½<c gi\^lekÂ?ež1 Zfej`jk\ \e gfe\i gfi \jZi`kf# \e gXg\c\kXj `e[`m`$

[lXc\j# Xc^leXj gi\^lekXj jfYi\ ^ljkfj# `ek\i\j\j f \og\i`\eZ`Xj [\ cfj ZfdgXÂ&#x152;\ifj [\ ZcXj\% J\ `ekif[lZ\e \e leX YfcjX p ZX[X Xcldef jXZX leX gi\^lekX hl\ [\Y\ Zfek\jkXi% Gfi \a\dgcf# gl\[\e j\i [\ \jk\ k`gf1

Ă&#x2021; CXj d\afi\j mXZXZ`fe\j hl\ _Xj gXjX[f ]l\ Xhl\c m\iXef \eÂż Ă&#x2021; ÂśHlÂ&#x201E; i\Zl\i[Xj [\ ZlXe[f k\eÂ&#x2C6;Xj Z`eZf XÂ&#x152;fj6 Ă&#x2021; Âś:l}c \j kl m`[\fal\^f ]Xmfi`kf6 Ă&#x2021; ;` leX ZfjX hl\ k\ _X^X ]\c`q p fkiX hl\ f[`\j Ă&#x2021; ÂśHlÂ&#x201E; k`gf [\ dÂ&#x2019;j`ZX k\ ^ljkX6 Ă&#x2021; J` klm`\iXj hl\ cc\mXik\ ki\j ZfjXj X leX `jcX [\j`\ikX# ÂśZl}c\j \jZf^\iÂ&#x2C6;Xj6 Ă&#x2021; ;` leX ZfjX Yl\eX hl\ k\ _XpX gXjX[f _XZ\ gfZf Ă&#x2021; ÂśK`\e\j Ycf^ g\ijfeXc6# ÂśZl}c\j jl\c\j m`j`kXi6 Ă&#x2021; ÂśK`\e\j g\ejX[f cf hl\ k\ ^ljkXiÂ&#x2C6;X j\i [\ dXpfi6# Âśp cf hl\ ef k\ ^ljkXiÂ&#x2C6;X6 Ă&#x2021; J` gl[`\iXj Zfem\ik`ik\ \e le Xe`dXc# ÂśZl}c \jZf^\iÂ&#x2C6;Xj6# Âśgfi hlÂ&#x201E;6 Ă&#x2021; Âś:l}c\j jfe cfj efdYi\j p cXj \[X[\j [\ klj _\idXefj f _\idXeXj6 J` ef k`\e\j# _}YcXefj [\ klj gi`dfj% Ă&#x2021; ÂśHlÂ&#x201E; m`Xa\ k\ ^ljkXiÂ&#x2C6;X _XZ\i6 Ă&#x2021; ÂśGiXZk`ZXj Xc^Â&#x2019;e [\gfik\6 Ă&#x2021; ÂśHlÂ&#x201E; jl\c\j _XZ\i cfj j}YX[fj6 ;\jZi`Y\ \c [Â&#x2C6;X [\ ]fidX Yi\m\Âż Ă&#x2021; ÂśHlÂ&#x201E; j`^ef [\c qf[`XZf \i\j6# ÂśZi\\j \e \c _fiÂ?jZfgf6 Ă&#x2021; ÂśHlÂ&#x201E; [Â&#x2C6;X \j kl Zldgc\XÂ&#x152;fj6# Âśjl\c\j Z\c\YiXicf6 * GXiX hl\ cfj Xcldefj ZfefqZXe Xc^f d}j hl\ jl gifg`X ZcXj\

J\ c\j gl\[\ _XYcXi [\c ]leZ`feXd`\ekf [\c Z\ekif# [\ cfj _fiXi`fj# cXj XZk`m`[X[\j \okiX\jZfcXi\j# \c i\^cXd\ekf [\ iÂ&#x201E;^`d\e `ek\i`fi# cXj efidXj [\ cX Y`Yc`fk\ZX# [\i\Z_fj p [\Y\i\j [\ cfj Xcldefj%%% J` j\ kiXkX [\ Xcldefj el\mfj# ef \jk} [\ d}j [Xij\ leX ml\ckX gXiX m`j`kXi kf[Xj jlj [\g\e[\eZ`Xj p i\Zfm\$ Zfj% <j leX efidX [\ Zfik\jÂ&#x2C6;X# Zfdf ZlXe[f j\ `em`kX X le Xd`^f X ZXjX gfi m\q gi`d\iX%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:' (

ÓY^W

Mfcm\i X \dg\qXi

%STRATEGIASõPARAõINICIARõ ELõCURSOõCONõBUENõPIE Gf[\i# hl\i\i# jXY\i \jkl[`Xi¿ p \jkXi \e Zfe[`Z`fe\j [\ _XZ\icf% Jfe cfj ZlXkif ]XZkfi\j [\ cfj hl\ mX X [\g\e[\i \c o`kf f \c ]iXZXjf [\ cfj d`c\j [\ \jkl[`Xek\j hl\# kf[Xm X jfei`\ek\j p YifeZ\X[fj# j\ `eZfigfiXe _fp X cXj XlcXj% <j \c gi`d\i [ X [\ ZcXj\# Xj hl\ kf[f \j gfj`Yc\% yjk\ \j le Yl\e dfd\ekf gXiX hl\ ZX[X lef [\ \ccfj i\Õ\o`fe\ XZ\iZX [\ cfj glekfj [ Y`c\j p cfj glekfj ]l\ik\j [\ cfj hl\ gXik\%

GXiX \ccf gl\[\ i\jlckXi k`c i\Zlii`i Xc ZfefZ`[f d kf[f ;8=F# hl\ Xlehl\ eXZ` Xcc} gfi cfj X fj j\k\ekX Zfdf _\iiXd`\ekX [\ Xe}c`j`j \d$ gi\jXi`Xc# jlj ZlXkif ^iXe[\j mXi`XYc\j jfe ]}Z`cd\ek\ Xgc`$ ZXYc\j Xc }dY`kf \jZfcXi1

i\Ô\i\e X cXj [`ÔZlckX[\j [\ Zfdgi\ej` e# X cX ]XckX [\ \jkl[`f# X cfj ZfdgfikXd`\e$ kfj `eX[\ZlX[fj# X cfj dXcfj _}Y`kfj ]XckX [\ jl\ f# dXcX Xc`d\ekXZ` e f `eZcljf X cfj gifYc\dXj [\ jXcl[%

8d\eXqXj ;\Y`c`[X[\j 8jg\Zkfj `ek\iefj hl\ i\[lZ\e f [`ÔZlckXe cXj gfj`Y`c`[X[\j [\ ki`le]Xi# \j [\Z`i# [\ jXZXi Yl\eXj efkXj% Jfe cfj hl\ j\

:`iZlejkXeZ`Xj \ok\ieXj# gi\m`$ j`Yc\j# hl\ gl\[\e \ekfig\Z\i f Yf`Zfk\Xi \jk\ gifZ\jf% Jfe# gfi \a\dgcf# cfj Xd`^fj hl\ `e$ j`jk\e [\dXj`X[f \e c`Xik\ gXiX

jXc`i# cX k\ekXZ` e [\ \jkXi kf[X cX kXi[\ Zfe\ZkX[f Xc Z_Xk f cX gfj`Y`c`[X[ [\ hl\ cfj e\im`fj k\ kiX`Z`fe\e \c [ X [\c \oXd\e%

=fikXc\qXj I\Zlijfj g\ijfeXc\j# ZXgXZ`[X$ [\j p glekfj ]l\ik\j% <j [\Z`i# kf[fj Xhl\ccfj ]XZkfi\j `ek\iefj hl\ gl\[\j Zfej`[\iXi Zfdf gf$ j`k`mfj1 g\ij\m\iXeZ`X# Xgk`kl[\j \jg\Z ÔZXj ]XZ`c`[X[ Zfe \c [`$ Ylaf# Zfe cX \ogi\j` e \jZi`kX¿ f ZfefZ`d`\ekfj gi\m`fj%

Fgfikle`[X[\j M\ekXaXj [\c \ekfief hl\ j\ gl\[\e Xgifm\Z_Xi gXiX Zfe$ j\^l`i \c o`kf XZX[ d`Zf% Gfi \a\dgcf# gif]\jfi\j gXik`ZlcX$ i\j# \o}d\e\j [\ i\Zlg\iXZ` e# Xd`^fj hl\ j\ gi\jkXe X \ogc`$ ZXi dXk\d}k`ZXj¿

<JKĂ?J 8 K@<DGF%%% <c ZXc`Ă&#x201D;ZXk`mf [\ ]iXZXjX[f \j$ ZfcXi gl\[\ Zfem\ik`ij\ gXiX Xc^lefj Xcldefj \e leX \k`$ hl\kX g\idXe\ek\# `em`j`Yc\ p [fcfifjX [\ cX hl\ ef jfe ZXgX$ Z\j [\ [\jgi\e[\ij\# _X^Xe cf hl\ _X^Xe% 8c d\efj# \jf \j cf hl\ g`\ejXe \ccfj% Le \jkl[`Xe$ k\ hl\ eleZX _X k\e`[f Â&#x201E;o`kf \e cX \jZl\cX XZXYX gfi Zi\Xij\ leX `dX^\e dlp e\^Xk`mX [\ jÂ&#x2C6; d`jdf p g\ejXi hl\ ef \jk} ZXgXZ`kX[f gXiX ZfekifcXi eX[X [\ cf hl\ c\ fZlii\# XjÂ&#x2C6; hl\ j\ i`e[\ Xek\j [\ k`\dgf%

%%%8JĂ HL< <JG89@C8 ½KfkXc# _X^X cf hl\ _X^X# kf[f d\ jXc\ dXc% Gfi \jf# ÂśgXiX hlÂ&#x201E; dfc\jkXid\ \e `ek\ekXi ZXdY`Xi cXj ZfjXj6ž% <jkX ]fidX [\ \e]i\ekXij\ X cX i\X$ c`[X[# kXe [\iifk`jkX# \j cX hl\ J\c`^dXe ccXdÂ? ½`e[\]\ej`Â?e Xgi\e[`[Xž# p \ogc`ZX dlZ_fj \jkX[fj [\gi\j`mfj \e e`Â&#x152;fj# aÂ?m\e\j p X[lckfj% <c _\Z_f [\ XeXc`qXi cfj ]XZkfi\j `ek\iefj p \ok\iefj [\ cfj hl\ [\g\e[\ \c Â&#x201E;o`kf f \c ]iXZXjf [\ leX kXi\X \j leX ]fidX [\ m\i cXj ZfjXj [\j[\ fkif gi`jdX% <c dÂ&#x201E;kf[f ;8=F Xpl[X X Zfej\^l`icf%

J\ kiXkX# gl\j# [\ hl\ Yljhl\j klj glekfj ]l\ik\j p klj glekfj [Â&#x201E;Y`c\j# p [\ hl\ `[\ek`Ă&#x201D;hl\j cXj fgfikle`$ [X[\j p Xd\eXqXj [\ kl \ekfief% <e le j\^le[f gXjf# [\Y\j `ek\ekXi i\[lZ`i Xc d}o`df cfj Xjg\Zkfj e\^Xk`mfj hl\ _XpXj \eZfekiX[f% J` \i\j dlp mX^f X_Â&#x2C6; k`\e\j kl gi`d\iX [\Y`c`[X[ gl\[\j `i jlYiXpXe[f cXj ]iXj\j Zfe cXj hl\ k\ `[\ek`Ă&#x201D;ZXj \e \c j`^l`\ek\ ZlX[if% G\if j` \i\j leX g\ijfeX [`jgl\jkX jÂ&#x2C6;# ZcXif hl\ \j leX ]fikXc\qX # gl\[\j Zfg`Xicf \e leX _faX c`dg`X p XaljkXi cXj ZXiXZk\iÂ&#x2C6;jk`ZXj X kl ZXjf \e Zfe$ Zi\kf% K\ Xpl[Xi} X m\i kl ]lklif XZX[Â&#x201E;d`Zf d}j ZcXif%

=8:KFI<J @EK<IEFJ

=8:KFI<J <OK<IEFJ

;\Y`c`[X[\j

8d\eXqXj

Â&#x203A; <e ZlXekf X Xgk`kl[\j1 k\e^f gfZX ZXgXZ`[X[ gXiX d\dfi`qXi2 [`Ă&#x201D;ZlckX[ Zfe cXj dXk\d}k`ZXj2 dXcX Zfdgi\ej`Â?e c\ZkfiX%%%

Â&#x203A; <e ZlXekf Xc ZfdgfikXd`\ekf1 ef jl\cf

E<>8K@MF

<E 9I<M<

KD FE9E :; 7KJE7DĂ&#x153;B?I?I

Â&#x203A; ;\j[\ \c Z\ekif \[lZXk`mf1 cXj efidXj [`jZ`$ gc`eXi`Xj jfe [\dXj`X[f \o`^\ek\j2 _Xp Xc^lefj gif]\jfi\j X cfj hl\ ef \ek`\e[f jl ]fidX [\ \ogc`ZXi2 \e Â&#x201E;gfZX [\ \o}d\e\j efkf kXekX Xej`\[X[ hl\ d\ Ycfhl\f%%%

gi\jkXi Xk\eZ`Â?e X cXj \ogc`ZXZ`fe\j [\c gif]\jfi2 \ej\^l`[X j\ d\ mX cX fccX2 X m\Z\j cc\^f kXi[\ X Â&#x203A; ;\j[\ cX ]Xd`c`X1 k\e^f gifYc\dXj ]Xd`c`Xi\j ZcXj\2 d\ jl\c\e ccXdXi cX Xk\eZ`Â?e gfi d` ]fidX hl\ d\ [`jkiX\e [\ cfj \jkl[`fj2 ef k\e^f le [\ ZfdgfikXid\2 \e fZXj`fe\j jfp X^i\j`mf%%% cl^Xi [\ \jkl[`f Ă&#x201D;af2 d\ cÂ&#x2C6;f Zfe @ek\ie\k p d\ gl\[f gXjXi _fiXj%%% Â&#x203A; <e ZlXekf X ZfefZ`d`\ekfj1 gfj\f dXcX YXj\ \e dXk\d}k`ZXj2 Xg\eXj jÂ&#x201E; `e^cÂ&#x201E;j2 k\e^f Â&#x203A; ;\j[\ \c ^ilgf [\ Xd`^fj1 XZXYXe gfi Zfe$ dlZ_fj \iifi\j fikf^i}Ă&#x201D;Zfj%%% m\eZ\id\ gXiX jXc`i d}j [\ cf hl\ [\Y\iÂ&#x2C6;X2 d\ [`jkiX\e \e ZcXj\2 ef jÂ&#x201E; [\Z`i ef X eX[X%%% Â&#x203A; <e ZlXekf X _}Y`kfj1 jÂ?cf jl\cf \jkl[`Xi le gXi [\ [Â&#x2C6;Xj Xek\j [\ cfj \o}d\e\j2 jfp dlp [\jfi^Xe`qX[f p cf g`\i[f kf[f2 ef lk`c`qf e`e^Â&#x2019;e dÂ&#x201E;kf[f [\ \jkl[`f%%%

Â&#x203A; <e ZlXekf X cX dfk`mXZ`Â?e1 \dg`\qf \c Zlijf Zfe dlZ_Xj ^XeXj g\if d\ mfp [\j`eĂ&#x2022;Xe[f2 ef k\e^f ZcXif j` hl`\if \jkl[`Xi e` gXiX hlÂ&#x201E; d\ j`im\ kf[f \jkf2 f[`f cX Xj`^eXkliX [\ JfZ`Xc\j%%%

Â&#x203A; <e ZlXekf X cX jXcl[1 d\ jl\cf XZfjkXi dlp kXi[\ p [l\idf d\efj [\ cf hl\ e\Z\j`kf2 ef j\ gl\[\ [\Z`i hl\ \jkÂ&#x201E; Y`\e Xc`d\ekX[f2 k\e^f Xc^Â&#x2019;e gifYc\dX [\ jXcl[ hl\ d\ `dg`[\ ZfeZ\e$ kiXid\ \e cfj \jkl[`fj2 cfj Ă&#x201D;e\j [\ j\dXeX d\ gXjf ef d\ i\Zlg\if _XjkX \c dXik\j %%%

=fikXc\qXj

Fgfikle`[X[\j

Â&#x203A; 8gk`kl[\j1 jfp Yl\ef \e dXk\d}k`ZXj2 \ej\^l`$ Â&#x203A; :\ekif \[lZXk`mf1 _Xp \o}d\e\j [\ i\Zlg\iX$ [X Zfdgi\e[f cXj \ogc`ZXZ`fe\j%%% ccXdX[f cX Xk\eZ`Â?e2 ef k\e^f e`e^Â&#x2019;e gifYc\dX [\ Zfe[lZkX%%%

Z`Â?e [\ cXj dXk\i`Xj g\e[`\ek\j2 _Xp ZcXj\j [\ i\]l\iqf X cXj hl\ d\ gl\[f XglekXi2 j` Xgil\Yf `e^cÂ&#x201E;j \e \jk\ Zlijf pX d\ hl\[X XgifYX[f \c [\c XÂ&#x152;f gXjX[f2 gl\[f hl\[Xid\ \e cX Y`Yc`fk\ZX X \jkl[`Xi ZX[X [Â&#x2C6;X%%%

Â&#x203A; :fefZ`d`\ekfj1 k\e^f le Yl\e [fd`e`f [\ cfj

Â&#x203A; =Xd`c`X1 d`j gX[i\j d\ XgfpXe \e d`j \jkl[`fj#

Â&#x203A; :fdgfikXd`\ekf1 eleZX f ZXj` eleZX d\ _Xe

GFJ@K@MF

:' (

Ă&#x201C;Y^W

`[`fdXj \okiXea\ifj2 i\[XZkf YXjkXek\ Y`\e%%%

Â&#x203A; ?}Y`kfj1 \jkfp XZfjkldYiX[f X \jkl[`Xi ZXj` kf[fj cfj [Â&#x2C6;Xj2 jlYiXpf p _X^f \jhl\dXj%%%

Â&#x203A; Dfk`mXZ`Â?e1 k\e^f ZcXif hl\ hl`\if jXZXi \c kÂ&#x2C6;klcf ZlXekf Xek\j%%%

Â&#x203A; JXcl[1 [l\idf d`j fZ_f _fiXj# d\ Xc`d\ekf

`eZcljf d\ gX^Xe le gif]\jfi gXik`ZlcXi2 \e ZXjX k\e^f le cl^Xi kiXehl`cf gXiX \jkl[`Xi2 k\e^f @ek\ie\k gXiX [fZld\ekXid\ p gi\gXiXi Yl\efj kiXYXafj gXiX ZcXj\%%%

Â&#x203A; >ilgf [\ Xd`^fj1 gf[\dfj hl\[Xi gXiX _XZ\i kiXYXafj alekfj2 c\j gl\[f g\[`i hl\ d\ Xpl[\e Zfe Xc^leXj Xj`^eXkliXj2 d\ j`im\e [\ Xgfpf%%%

Y`\e p ef gX[\qZf e`e^Â&#x2019;e kiXjkfief [\ jXcl[ hl\ d\ g\ikliY\%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:' )

ÓY^W

:lijf el\mf# m`[X el\mX

#ÀMOõADAPTARSEõAõLAõRUTINAõESCOLARõ CX dfZ_`cX X cX \jgXc[X# \c g\cf Y`\e XkljX[f# cX ifgX [\ df[X p cXj dXefj \e cfj Yfcj`ccfj% 8j k\ m\j# le X f d}j# \jki\eXe[f Zlijf gfi \jfj gXj`ccfj hl\ X e _l\c\e X c\a X% Hl`q} cfj gif]\jfi\j j\Xe cfj d`jdfj# Xlehl\ j\^lif hl\ le gfZf dXpfi\j2 cfj d`jdfj ZfdgX \ifj# Xlehl\ d}j Xckfj p Zfe \c Xjg\Zkf ZXdY`X[f2 cXj XlcXj pX ZfefZ`[Xj p cXj d\jXj# cXj [\ j`\dgi\# Xlehl\ Xc^f d}j c`dg`Xj%

<e ZlXekf X cXj i\^cXj [\c al\^f# cXj ZfefZ\j dlp Y`\e1 dX[il$ ^fe\j# \o}d\e\j# _fiXj [\ ZcX$ j\ p iXkfj [\ i\Zi\f X ZXdY`f [\ le Yfc\k e [\ efkXj hl\ \mX$ clXi} kl i\e[`d`\ekf% :cXif# j` X e k`\e\j ]i\jZXj cXj `d}^\e\j [\ le m\iXef \jg\Z`Xcd\ek\ jfc\X[f# cc\ef [\ Z_Xglqfe\j# jXi[` X[Xj# Xd`jkX[\j# Ô\jkXj p i\cXo%%% \c j_fZb gl\[\ j\i dlp ]l\ik\% ¶<jki j gfjmXZXZ`feXc6 ½:_}dXcc\ \hl`j¾% <j \m`[\ek\ hl\ X[XgkXij\ Xc \o`^\ek\ i`k$ df XZX[ d`Zf ef \j eX[X ]}Z`c% G\if Xc d\efj _Xp leX ZfjX hl\ Xpl[X X \ekiXi Zfe Yl\e g`\ \e cX ilk`eX \jZfcXi1 jfe cfj Yl\efj gifg j`kfj# hl\ \jk}e gfi `^lXc \e cX d\ek\ [\ gif$ ]\jfi\j ½\jk\ Zlijf [fp kf[f \c gif^iXdX¾# ½mfp X _XZ\i cXj ZcXj\j d}j gi}Zk`ZXj¾ f ½d\ mfp X cc\mXi Y`\e Zfe kf[fj d`j ZfdgX \ifj# _XjkX Zfe \j\¾ p [\ cfj Xcldefj ½\jk\ Zlijf mfp X \jkl[`Xi [\j$ [\ \c gi`d\i [ X¾# ½mfp X c\mXekXid\ X k`\dgf gXiX cc\^Xi X ZcXj\¾ f ½ef mfp X k\e\i e`e^leX ]XckX [\ fi[\e¾ % <jkXj g\hl\ Xj d\kXj Xpl[Xe# X lefj p fkifj# X dXek\e\i cX dfk`mXZ` e `e[`jg\ejXYc\ gXiX cc\^Xi X ÔeXc [\ Zlijf Zfe o`kf%

KXdY` e \j m\i[X[ hl\ ef j\ ZfefZ\ X eX[`\ hl\ _XpX Zfe$ j\^l`[f Zldgc`i X iXaXkXYcX kf$ [fj cfj [\j\fj [\ gi`eZ`g`f [\ Zlijf# jfYi\ kf[f cfj hl\ jfe [\c k`gf ½d\ mfp X d\k\i \e le ^`deXj`f p mfp X[\c^XqXi \jfj b`c`kfj¾# ½mfp X Xgi\e[\i `e^c j [\ leX m\q gfi kf[Xj¾ f ½X m\i j` X_fiif gXiX Zfdg\ejXi kXekf ^Xjkf m\iXe`\^f¾% G\if cf `d$ gfikXek\ \j k\e\icfj# p Zfej\i$ mXi cX `clj` e [\ hl\ \jkX m\q j j\ mXe X Zldgc`i% 8j hl\# j`e dXiZXik\ lefj fYa\k`mfj \oZ\$

j`mXd\ek\ XdY`Z`fjfj# gfek\ X gil\YX \e \c Zl\jk`feXi`f hl\ k\ gi\j\ekXdfj p ·Y`\em\e`[f X le el\mf Zlijf

<E 9I<M< :L8E;F <C GIF=< EF >LJK8

?Xp Xj`^eXkliXj hl\ k\ gXi\Z\e ]}Z`c\j# \e ZXdY`f fkiXj dlp [`$ ]Â&#x2C6;Z`c\j2 leXj j\ k\ [Xe dlp Y`\e# p \e fkiXj ZXj` k\ Zfej`[\iXj le kfig\% KXdY`Â&#x201E;e _Xp gif]\jfi\j hl\ k\ ZX\e j`dg}k`Zfj# X cfj hl\ j`\dgi\ ½c\j \jkl[`Xjž p \eki\^Xj cfj kiXYXafj X k`\dgf2 g\if _Xp fkifj Zfe cfj hl\ ef k\ \ek`\e[\j p \ekfeZ\j jli^\e cfj ZfeĂ&#x2022;`Zkfj% Cf Z`\ikf \j hl\# Xc `^lXc hl\ ef j\ gl\[\e ZXd$ Y`Xi cfj Xcldefj# ef _Xp dXe\$ iX [\ jljk`kl`i X cfj gif]\jfi\j% 8[XgkXik\ X \ccfj ]fidX gXik\ [\ kl gifZ\jf [\ Xgi\e[`qXa\# gfi cf hl\ le Zfej\af1 ZlXe[f leX dXk\i`X f gif]\ j\ k\ XkiX$ ^Xek\# [\[Â&#x2C6;ZXc\ d}j k`\dgf% 8c Ă&#x201D;eXc X cf d\afi [\jZlYi\j hl\ _XjkX k\ ^ljkX% J@ K< :L<JK8 8II8E:8IÂż

Gil\YX \jk\ dÂ&#x201E;kf[f% <dg`\qX gfi fYc`^Xik\ X j\ekXik\ \e kl d\jX [\ kiXYXaf jÂ?cf d\[`X _fiX [`Xi`X \e cX hl\ k\ [`j$ gfe^Xj X i\gXjXi kf[f cf hl\ [`jk\ \e ZcXj\1 \c d\afi j`jk\dX \j [\jkXZXi Zfe Zfcfi\j cf d}j `dgfikXek\ p _XZ\i Xc^Â&#x2019;e g\$ hl\Â&#x152;f i\jld\e% Jfcf \jf# *' d`elkfj [\ \jkl[`f% ;\jglÂ&#x201E;j [\ leX j\dXeX# Xld\ekX [\ Z`eZf \e Z`eZf d`elkfj ZX[X [Â&#x2C6;X _XjkX hl\ \c k`\dgf [\[`$ ZX[f k\ i\jlck\ jlĂ&#x201D;Z`\ek\ gXiX [fd`eXi kf[Xj cXj dXk\i`Xj% ;\ \jkX ]fidX k\ ZfjkXi} d\efj _XY`klXik\ X \jkl[`Xi% <jf jÂ&#x2C6;# ef fcm`[\j ZfeZ\[\ik\ g\hl\Â&#x152;fj gi\d`fj ccXdXi X le Xd`^f# ZfdgiXik\ leXj Z_lZ_\iÂ&#x2C6;Xj f [Xik\ leX ml\ckX gfi X_Â&#x2C6; ZX[X m\q hl\ Zfej`^Xj kl fYa\k`mf%

:' )

Ă&#x201C;Y^W Âľ;CF?;P7I 9ED =7D7I5

:lXe[f _XYcXdfj [\ dfk`mXZ`Â?e efj i\]\i`dfj X Xhl\ccf hl\ efj `dglcjX# Xe`dX f cc\mX X hl\ efj `ek\i\j\dfj dlZ_f gfi Xc^f _XjkX \c glekf [\ hl\ gfe\dfj kf[f [\ el\jkiX gXik\ gXiX Zfej\^l`icf% J` hl`\i\j jXY\i j` k`\e\j dfk`mfj jlĂ&#x201D;Z`\ek\j hl\ k\ ^XiXek`Z\e hl\ mXj X Xgifm\Z_Xi \c el\mf Zlijf# ZlYi\ \c j`^l`\ek\ Zl\jk`feXi`f gfe`\e[f leX Zilq \e cX ZfcldeX hl\ Zfii\jgfejX JĂ f EF j\^Â&#x2019;e j\ Xaljk\ X kl i\Xc`[X[%

JĂ

EF

(% PX k`\e\j kf[fj cfj c`Yifj [\ k\okf gXiX \jk\ Zlijf p \c dXk\i`Xc \jZfcXi hl\ e\Z\j`kXj c`Yi\kXj# YfcÂ&#x2C6;^iX]fj# ZXcZlcX[fiX%%% % )% K`\e\j ZcXif Zl}ekXj Xj`^eXkliXj fYc`^Xkfi`Xj p ZlXekXj fgkXk`mXj mXj X k\e\i p ZfefZ\j [\ hlÂ&#x201E; mX ZX[X leX [\ \ccXj% *% JXY\j cXj dXk\i`Xj X cXj hl\ mXj X k\e\i hl\ [\[`ZXi d}j k`\dgf p Zl}c\j k\ mXe X \o`^`i dXpfi \j]l\iqf [\j[\ \c gi`eZ`g`f% +% :fefZ\j \c efdYi\ [\ kf[fj cfj gif]\jfi\j hl\ k\ mXe X [Xi ZcXj\% ,% K`\e\j kl d\jX [\ \jkl[`f XZfe[`Z`feX[X p c`jkX gXiX gfe\ik\ X kiXYXaXi \e \ccX \e ZlXchl`\i dfd\ekf% -% K\ Xg\k\Z\ \jkXi le el\mf Zlijf Zfe klj ZfdgXÂ&#x152;\ifj [\ ZcXj\%

.% K\ _XZ\ `clj`Â?e g\ejXi hl\ \jk\ XÂ&#x152;f gl\[\j XgifYXi kf[f \e ale`f%

/% <jk}j [`jgl\jkf X \jkl[`Xi kf[fj f ZXj` kf[fj cfj [Â&#x2C6;Xj Xc d\efj le iXkf%

0% K`\e\j \c Ă&#x201D;id\ gifgÂ?j`kf [\ ef XZldlcXi e`e^leX ]XckX [\ fi[\e%

('% <jkl[`Xj gfi gifg`X mfclekX[# ef gfihl\ k\ fYc`^l\e klj gX[i\j%

Â&#x203A; J` _Xj Zfek\jkX[f X cX dXpfiÂ&#x2C6;X JĂ # j`^e`Ă&#x201D;ZX hl\ k`\e\j le Yl\e e`m\c [\ dfk`mXZ`Â?e gXiX \e]i\ekXik\ Xc el\mf Zlijf# gfi cf hl\ kf[f k\ i\jlckXi} d}j ]}Z`c% 8jÂ&#x2C6; hl\ pX jXY\j# ¡}e`df p Xc kfif

Â&#x203A; J` klj i\jgl\jkXj jfe cX d`kX[ XĂ&#x201D;idXk`mXj p cX d`kX[ e\^Xk`mXj# hl`\i\ [\Z`i hl\ ef k`\e\j [\c kf[f ZcXif gfi hlÂ&#x201E; \jkl[`Xj e` gXiX hlÂ&#x201E; k\ j`im\% E\Z\j`kXj YljZXi d}j iXqfe\j gXiX ^XiXek`qXik\ X k` d`jdf hl\ mXj X Xgifm\Z_Xi \c Zlijf%

Â&#x203A; J` cX dXpfiÂ&#x2C6;X [\ cXj i\jgl\jkXj jfe e\^Xk`mXj# \ekfeZ\j \j d}j hl\ gifYXYc\ hl\ \c _\Z_f [\ hl\

\jkÂ&#x201E;j dXki`ZlcX[f \e \c Zlijf j\X leX gÂ&#x201E;i[`[X [\ k`\dgf% <jkÂ&#x201E;j \e \[X[ fYc`^Xkfi`X [\ \jZfcXi`qX$ Z`Â?e _XjkX cfj (- f ef# [\Y\iÂ&#x2C6;Xj _XYcXicf Zfe kl klkfi f klkfiX p Zfe \c fi`\ekX[fi l fi`\ekX[fiX [\c `ejk`klkf% J\^lif hl\ k\ Xpl[Xi}e X m\icf d}j ZcXif%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:' *

ÓY^W

;\i\Z_fj p [\Y\i\j

,ASõNORMASõDEõCONVIVENCIAõõõ Le ZfeÕ`Zkf ef \j# \e j d`jdf# e` Yl\ef e` dXcf% <j cX ]fidX [\ \eZXiXicf hl\ gl\[\ Zfem\ik`icf \e leX fgfikle`[X[ [\ Zi\Z`d`\ekf p [\ Xgi\e[`qXa\ f# gfi \c ZfekiXi`f# \e le dfk`mf gXiX \c \e]i\ekXd`\ekf p cX m`fc\eZ`X% 8Yfi[Xi [\j[\ cfj gi`d\ifj [ Xj [\ Zlijf \c k\dX [\ cfj [\i\Z_fj p [\Y\i\j [\ cfj Xcldefj# Xj Zfdf cX `dgfikXeZ`X [\ ZfefZ\i p i\jg\kXi cXj efidXj [\c Z\ekif# \j leX d\[`[X e\Z\jXi`X gXiX d\afiXi cX Zfem`m\eZ`X \jZfcXi% J\ kiXkX# \e [\Ôe`k`mX# [\ gi\gXiXij\ gXiX \e]i\ekXij\ X cfj ZfeÕ`Zkfj [\ ]fidX gfj`k`mX%

8hl \jkXdfj le X f d}j# [`j$ gl\jkfj gif]\jfi\j p Xcldefj X kfd}iefjcf Zfe Ôcfjf] X1 cX ml\ckX X cfj dX[il^fe\j# le dfek e [\ ZcXj\j gfi [\cXe$ k\# [\Z\eXj [\ \o}d\e\j p Xc^ e hl\ fkif ZfeÕ`Zkf X cX m`jkX Zfem`\ik\e cX [\efd`eX[X ½ml\ckX Xc Zfc\¾ \e le gifZ\jf Xc hl\ Zl\jkX X[XgkXij\% G\if kXdY` e efj hl\[Xe cXj i`jXj \e cfj i\Zi\fj# cfj YfZX[`ccfj [\ kfik`ccX# \c jfc [\c `em`\ief p cfj ZX]\c`kfj ZXc`\ek\j% Gfi \jf \j leX Yl\eX `[\X `ek\ekXi hl\# lefj p fkifj# gif]\jfi\j p Xcldefj# efj \ek\e[Xdfj [\j$ [\ \c gi`d\i [ X% Gfi \a\dgcf# j\ gl\[\ \dg\qXi gfi i\gXjXi cX c`jkX [\ [\i\Z_fj p [\Y\i\j \e cX _fiX [\ klkfi X% KXdgfZf _Xp hl\ fcm`[Xij\ [\ \Z_Xi le m`jkXqf X cXj efidXj [\ Zfe$ m`m\eZ`X [\ ZX[X Z\ekif# d}j hl\ eX[X gXiX hl\ cl\^f eX[`\ j\ \jZl[\ \e \c ZfejXY`[f ½\j hl\ pf ef jXY X¿¾%

Ef k\ d\kXj \e c fj CXj ccXdX[Xj Zfe[lZkXj ^iX$ m\d\ek\ g\ial[`Z`Xc\j gXiX cX Zfem`m\eZ`X [\c Z\ekif fYc`^Xe X ½XYi`i \og\[`\ek\¾ Xc Xcldef hl\ cXj Zfd\kX# p hl\ j\ i\Ô\i\e X1 XZkfj [\ `e[`jZ`gc`eX# `eali`X l f]\ejXj ^iXm\j2 X^i\$ j`fe\j ] j`ZXj f df$ iXc\j# cX jlgcXekXZ` e [\ cX g\ijfeXc`[X[ f ]Xcj`ÔZXZ` e [\ [f$ Zld\ekfj2 [X fj \e `ejkXcXZ`fe\j# dXk\i`X$ c\j f Y`\e\j2 XZklXZ`fe\j g\ial[`Z`Xc\j gXiX cX jXcl[ f cX `eZ`kXZ` e X cXj d`jdXj2 p \c `eZldgc`d`\ekf [\ cXj jXeZ`fe\j `dgl\jkXj% D}j mXc\ \jkXi `e]fi$ dX[f%

<E 9I<M< I<G8J8 C8J EFID8J CXj efidXj [\ Zfem`m\eZ`X# i\Zf^`[Xj \e \c I\^cXd\ekf [\ IÂ&#x201E;^`d\e @ek\i`fi [\ ZX[X Z\ekif# ZfeZi\kXe cfj [\Y\i\j [\ cfj Xcldefj p jlj Zfii\ZZ`f$ e\j Zfii\jgfe[`\ek\j% <e kf[f ZXjf# k\ Zfem`\e\ jXY\i hl\ j\ Zfej`[\iX ½Z`iZlejkXeZ`X gXc`Xk`mXž \c i\ZfefZ`d`\ekf \jgfek}e\f [\ cX Zfe[lZkX `eZfii\ZkX Xii\g\ek`d`\ekf p cX ]XckX [\ `ek\eZ`feXc`[X[% Gfi \c ZfekiXi`f# jfe ½X^iXmXek\jž1 cX gi\d\[`kXZ`Â?e p i\`k\iXZ`Â?e p ZXljXi [XÂ&#x152;f l f]\ejX X cfj ZfdgXÂ&#x152;\ifj d\efi\j [\ \[X[ f el\mfj \e \c Z\ekif%

:' *

Ă&#x201C;Y^W 9EDEP9E C?I :;H;9>EIž

( 8 i\Z`Y`i leX `e]fidXZ`Â?e hl\ Xj\^li\ \c gc\ef [\jXiifccf [\ d` g\ijfeXc`[X[% ) 8 hl\ ef j\ d\ [`jZi`d`e\ gfi iXqÂ?e [\ eXZ`d`\ekf# iXqX# j\of# ZXgXZ`[X[ \ZfeÂ?d`ZX# e`m\c jfZ`Xc f

ZlXchl`\i fkiX Z`iZlejkXeZ`X% * 8 cX c`Y\ikX[ [\ \ogi\j`Â?e% + 8 dXe`]\jkXi d` [`jZi\gXeZ`X i\jg\Zkf X cXj [\Z`j`fe\j \[lZXk`mXj hl\ d\ X]\Zk\e% , 8 leX \mXclXZ`Â?e fYa\k`mX% - 8 i\Z`Y`i fi`\ekXZ`Â?e \jZfcXi p gif]\j`feXc% . 8 ZfekXi Zfe cXj [\Y`[Xj Zfe[`Z`fe\j [\ j\^li`[X[ \ _`^`\e\% / 8 hl\ j\ i\jg\k\ d` `ek\^i`[X[ ]Â&#x2C6;j`ZX p dfiXc% 0 8 hl\ \c Z\ekif \jZfcXi ^lXi[\ i\j\imX jfYi\ kf[X `e]fidXZ`Â?e XZ\iZX [\ d`j Z`iZlejkXeZ`Xj g\ijf$

eXc\j p ]Xd`c`Xi\j% (' 8 gXik`Z`gXi \e \c ]leZ`feXd`\ekf p \e cX m`[X [\c `ejk`klkf% (( 8 \c\^`i# d\[`Xek\ jl]iX^`f [`i\Zkf p j\Zi\kf# X d`j i\gi\j\ekXek\j \e \c :fej\af <jZfcXi p X cfj

[\c\^X[fj [\c ^ilgf% () 8 gXik`Z`gXi# \e ZXc`[X[ [\ mfclekXi`f# \e cXj XZk`m`[X[\j [\c `ejk`klkf% (* 8 j\i `e]fidX[f gfi cfj d`\dYifj [\ cX AlekX [\ ;\c\^X[fj p gfi cfj i\gi\j\ekXek\j [\ cXj XjfZ`X$

Z`fe\j [\ kf[Xj cXj Zl\jk`fe\j hl\ d\ X]\Zk\e% (+ 8 XjfZ`Xid\ p lk`c`qXi cXj `ejkXcXZ`fe\j [\c Z\ekif j\^Â&#x2019;e i\Zf^\ \c I\^cXd\ekf [\ IÂ&#x201E;^`d\e @ek\ief%

Âż P D@J ;<9<I<J ( 8 Xj`jk`i X ZcXj\ Zfe gleklXc`[X[ p gXik`Z`gXi \e cXj XZk`m`[X[\j gif^iXdX[Xj% ) :ldgc`i p i\jg\kXi cfj _fiXi`fj% * J\^l`i cXj fi`\ekXZ`fe\j [\c gif]\jfiX[f p dfjkiXic\ \c [\Y`[f i\jg\kf% + I\jg\kXi \c [\i\Z_f Xc \jkl[`f [\ d`j ZfdgXÂ&#x152;\ifj% , I\jg\kXi cX c`Y\ikX[ [\ ZfeZ`\eZ`X p cXj Zfem`ZZ`fe\j i\c`^`fjXj p dfiXc\j [\ kf[fj cfj d`\dYifj [\

cX Zfdle`[X[ \[lZXk`mX% - CX ef [`jZi`d`eXZ`Â?e [\ e`e^Â&#x2019;e d`\dYif [\ cX Zfdle`[X[ \[lZXk`mX% . I\jg\kXi \c Gifp\Zkf <[lZXk`mf [\c :\ekif% / :l`[Xi cXj `ejkXcXZ`fe\j [\c Z\ekif p i\jg\kXi cXj g\ik\e\eZ`Xj [\ cfj fkifj d`\dYifj [\ cX Zfdle`$

[X[ \[lZXk`mX% 0 GXik`Z`gXi \e cX m`[X p ]leZ`feXd`\ekf [\c Z\ekif% (' 8Yjk\e\id\ [\ ]ldXi \e \c Z\ekif \jZfcXi% (( 8Zl[`i Xc @ejk`klkf gifm`jkf [\ cfj d\[`fj \jkXYc\Z`[fj \e ZX[X dXk\i`X f XZk`m`[X[ Zfdf `ejkild\e$

kfj [\ kiXYXaf% () >lXi[Xi j`c\eZ`f p gi\jkXi Xk\eZ`Â?e [liXek\ cXj \ogc`ZXZ`fe\j [\c gif]\jfi% (* Ef [`jkiX\i `ee\Z\jXi`Xd\ek\ cX Xk\eZ`Â?e [\ d`j ZfdgXÂ&#x152;\ifj [liXek\ cXj _fiXj c\Zk`mXj% (+ Gi\j\ekXi \e \c k`\dgf \jkXYc\Z`[f cfj \a\iZ`Z`fj p kiXYXafj gifgl\jkfj%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:' +

ÓY^W

CX \c\ZZ` e [\c [\c\^X[f [\ ZcXj\

%SCOGERõUNõBUENõJEFE ¶Hl ZlXc`[X[\j [\Y\ k\e\i le Yl\e [\c\^X[f6 ¶<c d}j ^iXZ`fjf6 ¶<c d}j ^XdY\iif6 ¶F \c d}j \dgfcc e6 8 \jk\ gifZ\jf [\ \c\ZZ` e [\ i\gi\j\ekXek\ [\ cX ZcXj\ ef j\ c\ jl\c\ [Xi [\dXj`X[X `dgfikXeZ`X1 \c klkfi# Zfe k\dXj dlZ_f d}j li^\ek\j hl\ kiXkXi Zfe jl ^ilgf# jl\c\ i\c\^Xi X le ZlXik`kf [\ _fiX cX kXi\X [\ \jZf^\i X cX g\ijfeX d}j X[\ZlX[X% DlZ_Xj m\Z\j# kiXj lefj d`elkfj [\ i`jXj p i\ml\cf ^\e\iXc`qX[f \e \c XlcX# XZXYX Zfe \c k klcf [\ [\c\^X[f ½lef¾ Xc hl\ [\Z`[`\ife mfkXi lefj ZlXekfj Xd`^fj g\if hl\ gXiX eX[X i\gi\j\ekX cX mfclekX[ [\ cX ZcXj\% P# cf hl\ \j g\fi# ef k`\e\ e` `[\X [\ Zl}c\j jfe cXj ]leZ`fe\j hl\ X gXik`i [\ X_fiX mX X [\j\dg\ Xi% Ef j`\dgi\ \j Xj # g\if \j dlp ]i\Zl\ek\% Gfi \jf# gfihl\ _Xp hl\ kfd}ij\cf \e j\i`f# Xlehl\ jfcf j\X gXiX \ejXpXi [\ hl mX leX \c\ZZ` e [\dfZi}k`ZX [\ i\gi\j\ekXek\j# gifgfe\$ dfj [\j[\ Xhl leX j\eZ`ccX ^l X gXiX \jZf^\i le Yl\e [\c\^X[f%

[\ cX ZcXj\ p gfe\ij\ [\ XZl\i$ [f \e hl ZlXc`[X[\j [\Y\i X i\le`i \c \jZf^`[f%

*% Gi\j\ekXi cfj ZXe[`[Xkfj p# j`

[\Y\ j\i c`Yi\# g\ijfeXc p j\Zi\kX%

\eki\ cfj Z`eZf Xcldefj d}j mfkX[fj%

` <c j\Zi\kXi`f [\ cX d\jX `i}

` J\ ZlYi\ \c XZkX p j\ \eki\^X Xc a\]\ [\ \jkl[`fj% =`eXc`qX[f \c gifZ\jf# kf[X cX ZcXj\ [\Y\ j\i ZfejZ`\ek\ [\ hl\ _Xp hl\ ZfcXYfiXi Zfe \c ZfdgX \if \c\^`[f gXiX hl\ cXj ZfjXj ]leZ`fe\e1 ·ef j\ gl\[\ [\aXi kf[X cX i\jgfejXY`c`[X[ \e dX$ efj [\ leX jfcX g\ijfeX

\jk}e [`jgl\jkfj X \ccf# [\]\e$ [\i jlj ZXe[`[XkliXj%

Z`kXe[f X ZX[X Xcldef gfi fi[\e Xc]XY k`Zf gXiX hl\ [\gfj`k\ jl mfkf

+% :fejk`klZ` e [\ cX d\jX1

`

K\id`eX[f \c \jZilk`e`f# \c

(% <ogc`ZXi cXj ]leZ`fe\j p

k`\e\ hl\ \jkXi gi\j`[`[X gfi \c klkfi# XZklXi Zfdf j\Zi\kXi`f \c Xcldef d}j afm\e p# Zfdf mfZXc# \c dXpfi%

[\i\Z_fj [\c [\c\^X[f X kf[X cX ZcXj\%

hl\ XcZXeZ\ \c e d\if [\ mfkfj jlg\i`fi Xc ,' [\ cfj \d`k`[fj j\i} efdYiX[f [\c\^X[f# p \c hl\ c\ j`^X \e e d\if j\i} \c jlY[\c\^X[f%

,% MfkXZ` e

)% :fd\ekXi Z df ]leZ`fe \c

` <e ZX[X gXg\c\kX j\ \jZi`Y\

gXjX[f Zlijf \c i\gi\j\ekXek\

le jfcf efdYi\1 cX \c\ZZ` e

Jfe Z`eZf gXjfj1

` J` \e cX gi`d\iX mfkXZ` e

ef j\ XcZXeqX \j\ gfiZ\ekXa\# _XYi} leX j\^le[X ml\ckX

<E 9I<M< ÂśIL9@F ;< FAFJ 8QLC<J6 Hl\ j\X Yl\e \jkl[`Xek\# Y`\e gXi\Z`[f f XkcÂ&#x201E;k`Zf ef jfe ZlXc`[X[\j hl\ \e gi`eZ`$ g`f j\ [\YXe \o`^`i X le Yl\e i\gi\j\ekXek\% J`e \dYXi^f# Zfdf ef \j ]}Z`c gfe\ij\ [\ XZl\i[f# Xek\j [\ \ekiXi \e \c gifZ\jf [\ j\c\ZZ`Â?e j\iÂ&#x2C6;X `d$ gfikXek\ [\YXk`i XZ\iZX [\ cXj ZXiXZk\iÂ&#x2C6;jk`ZXj hl\ jÂ&#x2C6; [\Y\iÂ&#x2C6;X Zldgc`i% 8c d\efj# [\Y\iÂ&#x2C6;X j\i leX g\ijfeX1 ` j\i`X p i\jgfejXYc\# ` XZ\gkX[X gfi kf[f \c ^ilgf# ` hl\ i\jg\k\ X kf[fj p j\ _X^X

i\jg\kXi%

:' +

Ă&#x201C;Y^W

;@;H9;H :; :;B;=7:E IKFED;ž CX \c\ZZ`Â?e [\ [\c\^X[f f [\c\^X[X [\ ZcXj\ \j d}j `dgfikXek\ [\ cf hl\ gXi\Z\1 j`im\ gXiX [\jXiifccXi cX ZXgXZ`[X[ [\ _XYcXi p [\ \jZlZ_Xi# gXiX [\]\e[\i cfj [\i\Z_fj p fg`e`fe\j [\ ZX[X lef# p kXdY`Â&#x201E;e gXiX j\i ZfejZ`\ek\j [\ cf `dgfikXek\ hl\ \j \jkXYc\Z\i leXj efidXj p Zldgc`icXj j` j\ hl`\i\ hl\ \c ^ilgf ]leZ`fe\% <e kf[f ZXjf# _Xp hl\ k\e\i ZcXif Zl}c \j cX cXYfi [\c i\gi\j\ekXek\ [\ cX ZcXj\1

=leZ`fe\j [\c [\c\^X[f [\ ^ilgf1

Â&#x203A; 8j`jk`i X cXj i\le`fe\j [\ cX alekX [\ [\c\^X[fj p gXik`Z`gXi \e jlj [\c`Y\iXZ`fe\j2 gfjk\i`fid\ek\# `e]fidXi X cX ZcXj\ [\ cf kiXkX[f \e \ccXj%

Â&#x203A; <ogfe\i X cfj Â?i^Xefj [\ ^fY`\ief p Zffi[`eXZ`Â?e [fZ\ek\ cXj jl^\i\eZ`Xj p i\ZcXdXZ`fe\j [\c ^ilgf Xc hl\ i\gi\j\ekXe%

Â&#x203A; <c fi[\e _XY`klXc [\ gifZ\[\i \j \c j`^l`\ek\1 gif]\jfi [\ }i\X f dXk\i`X# klkfi# a\]\ [\ \jkl[`fj p# \e Â&#x2019;ck`df kÂ&#x201E;id`ef# [`i\Zkfi%

Â&#x203A; =fd\ekXi cX Zfem`m\eZ`X \eki\ cfj Xcldefj p XcldeXj [\ cX ZcXj\% Â&#x203A; :fcXYfiXi Zfe \c klkfi p Zfe cfj gif]\jfi\j \e cfj k\dXj hl\ X]\Zk\e Xc ]leZ`feXd`\ekf [\ cX ZcXj\% :fcXYfiXi Zfe cfj gif]\jfi\j p cX [`i\Zk`mX gXiX d\afiXi \c ]leZ`feXd`\ekf [\c Z\ekif%

Â&#x203A; =fd\ekXi \c Zl`[X[f [\c dXk\i`Xc p [\ cXj `ejkXcXZ`fe\j [\c `ejk`klkf% Â&#x203A; Kf[Xj Xhl\ccXj ]leZ`fe\j hl\ \jkXYc\qZX \c I\^cXd\ekf [\ IÂ&#x201E;^`d\e @ek\i`fi [\ ZX[X Z\ekif# gfi

\a\dgcf1 j\i i\jgfejXYc\ [\ i\Zf^\i p [\mfcm\i \c gXik\ [\ Xj`jk\eZ`X f dXe\aXi cX ccXm\ [\c XlcX%

;\i\Z_fj [\c [\c\^X[f [\ ^ilgf1 KF;F GFI <J:I@KF <c XZkX [\ cX \c\ZZ`Â?e [\c [\c\$ ^X[f hl\ _Xp hl\ \eki\^Xi Xc a\]\ [\ \jkl[`fj gl\[\ j\i dlp j\eZ`ccX% <e leX _faX [\Y\e Ă&#x201D;$ ^liXi cfj j`^l`\ek\j [Xkfj1 ` :\ekif# Zlijf# eÂ&#x2019;d\if [\

Xcldefj ` Gi\j`[\ek\# j\Zi\kXi`f p

mfZXc ` EfdYi\ [\ cfj Xcldefj p

eÂ&#x2019;d\if [\ mfkfj% ` ½8jÂ&#x2C6; gl\j# hl\[X \c\^`[f

Zfdf [\c\^X[f$jlY[\c\^X$ [f¿ž% ` =\Z_X p Ă&#x201D;idXj%

Â&#x203A; 8 ef j\i jXeZ`feX[f gfi \c \a\iZ`Z`f [\ jlj ]leZ`fe\j Zfdf gfikXmfq [\ jlj ZfdgXÂ&#x152;\ifj [\ ZcXj\% =leZ`fe\j [\ cX alekX [\ [\c\^X[fj1 :fejk`kl`[X gfi kf[fj cfj [\c\^X[fj [\ cfj ^ilgfj p cfj i\gi\j\ekXek\j [\ cfj Xcldefj \e \c :fej\af <jZfcXi# cX alekX [\ [\c\^X[fj k`\e\ cXj j`^l`\ek\j ]leZ`fe\j1

Â&#x203A; <c\mXi Xc \hl`gf [`i\Zk`mf gifgl\jkXj gXiX cX \cXYfiXZ`Â?e [\c gifp\Zkf \[lZXk`mf [\c Z\ekif% Â&#x203A; @e]fidXi \e \c :fej\af <jZfcXi [\ cfj gifYc\dXj [\ ZX[X ^ilgf f Zlijf% Â&#x203A; I\Z`Y`i `e]fidXZ`Â?e [\ cfj i\gi\j\ekXek\j [\ cfj Xcldefj \e \c :fej\af <jZfcXi jfYi\ cfj k\dXj kiXkX[fj \e \c d`jdf%

Â&#x203A; <cXYfiXi `e]fid\j gXiX \c :fej\af <jZfcXi X `e`Z`Xk`mX gifg`X f X g\k`Z`Â?e [\ \jk\% Â&#x203A; <cXYfiXi gifgl\jkXj [\ df[`Ă&#x201D;ZXZ`Â?e [\ i\^cXd\ekf [\ iÂ&#x201E;^`d\e `ek\i`fi# [\ekif [\c }dY`kf [\ jl Zfdg\k\eZ`X%

Â&#x203A; @e]fidXi X cfj \jkl[`Xek\j [\ cXj XZk`m`[X[\j [\ [`Z_X alekX% ;\i\Z_fj1 :lXe[f cf jfc`Z`k\# cX alekX [\ [\c\^X[fj# \e gc\ef f \e Zfd`j`Â?e# [\Y\i} j\i fÂ&#x2C6;[X gfi cfj Â?i^Xefj [\ ^fY`\ief [\c `ejk`klkf \e cfj Xjlekfj hl\# gfi jl eXkliXc\qX# i\hl`\iXe jl Xl[`\eZ`X% :fdf gfi \a\dgcf1 Z\c\YiXZ`Â?e [\ gil\YXj p \o}d\e\j# \jkXYc\Z`d`\ekf p [\jXiifccf [\ XZk`m`[X[\j ZlckliXc\j# i\Zi\Xk`mXj f [\gfik`mXj# i\ZcXdXZ`Â?e \e ZXjfj [\ `eZldgc`d`\ekf [\ cXj kXi\Xj \[lZXk`mXj gfi gXik\ [\c Z\ekif \jZfcXi%%%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:' ,

ÓY^W

CX i\le` e [\c klkfi Zfe cXj ]Xd`c`Xj

0ADRESõYõPROFES õENõELõMISMOõBANDO ½¶Kf[fj cfj gX[i\j X cX m\q6 Ef# ^iXZ`Xj# cfj gi\Ô\if [\ lef \e lef¾% 8j g`\ejXe dlZ_fj gif]\jfi\j# jfYi\ kf[f cfj hl\ c`[`Xe Zfe X[fc\jZ\ek\j# [\jgl j [\ _XY\i k\e`[f cX \og\i`\eZ`X [\ ZfemfZXi X ki\`ekX gX[i\j [\ Xcldefj p gi\j\eZ`Xi le ^iXe ]iXZXjf [\ Xj`jk\eZ`X1 X m\Z\j cfj [\[fj [\ leX dXef jfYiXe gXiX ZfekXi \c e d\if [\ gi\j\ek\j# hl\ jl\c\e Zfii\jgfe[\ij\ Zfe cfj ]Xd`c`Xi\j [\ cfj d\afi\j \jkl[`Xek\j%%% G\if \jkf ef j`\dgi\ fZlii\# p dlZ_f d\efj \e cX \[lZXZ` e gi`dXi`X% 8c Ôe p Xc ZXYf# leX [\ cXj ]leZ`fe\j d}j `dgfikXek\j [\c gif]\jfi klkfi \j cX [\ j\im`i [\ \ecXZ\ \eki\ cX ]Xd`c`X p \c Z\ekif \jZfcXi% P i\le`i X kf[fj cfj gX[i\j# Xc d\efj Xc gi`eZ`g`f [\ Zlijf# j`im\ kXekf gXiX \m`kXi cfj k g`Zfj gifYc\dXj [\ ]leZ`feXd`\ekf [\c ^ilgf Zfdf gXiX ZfcXYfiXi \e cX jfclZ` e [\ [`ÔZlckX[\j `e[`m`[lXc\j hl\ gl\[Xe `i jli^`\e[f% ;\ Z df j\ fi^Xe`Z\e \jkXj i\le`fe\j mX X [\g\e[\i \c o`kf [\ cX Z`kX p# dlp gif$ YXYc\d\ek\# Zfe[`Z`feXi} cX Xj`jk\eZ`X X gi o`dXj Zfemf$ ZXkfi`Xj% Gfi \jf \j `dgfikXek\ Zl`[Xi kf[fj cfj [\kXcc\j# [\j[\ cX i\[XZZ` e [\ cX ZXikX hl\ j\ \em X X cfj gif^\e`kfi\j Z`k}e$ [fcfj X leX _fiX p le [ X k`\e\ hl\ j\i ZcXiX p \e^XeZ_Xicfj [\ Xc^leX dXe\iX X Xj`jk`i _XjkX \c gifZ\[`d`\ekf gXiX _XZ ij\cX cc\^Xi1 j\ jXY\ hl\ \j d}j ÔXYc\ \c Zfii\f fi[`eX$ i`f# f `eZcljf cXj ccXdX[Xj [\ k\c ]fef# hl\ ZfeÔXi \e hl\ cfj Z_XmXc\j \eki\^l\e cX d`j`mX \e ZXjX% <e ZlXekf X cX fi^Xe`qXZ` e [\ cX gifg`X i\le` e# \jkXj jfe Xc^leXj i\Zfd\e[XZ`f$ e\j gi}Zk`ZXj gXiX [`eXd`qXi Xc ^ilgf1 ` :fcfZXi X cfj i\le`[fj \e Z iZlcf#

[\ dXe\iX hl\ kf[fj j\ m\Xe cXj ZXiXj# j`e fYjk}Zlcfj gfi d\[`f% <j `dgfikXek\ hl\ cXj j`ccXj pX \jk e [`jgl\jkXj ZlXe[f cc\^l\e cfj gX[i\j1 j\ \m`kXi} Xj g\i[\i \c k`\dgf% ` Gi\j\ekXZ` e [\ cfj Xj`jk\ek\j%

LeX m\q hl\ \c klkfi j\ gi\$

j\ekX Xc ^ilgf# ZX[X lef [\ cfj Xj`jk\ek\j [\Y\ [\Z`i jl efdYi\ p ZlXchl`\i fkif [Xkf hl\ [\j\\ X X[`i% <jkf ef [\Y\ cc\mXi d}j [\ Z`eZf d`elkfj# g\if j`im\ gXiX `dgc`ZXi X kf[fj \e cX i\le` e%

` FYa\k`mf [\ cX i\le` e% Gfi \m`$

` MXcfiXi cX Xj`jk\eZ`X [\ cXj g\i$

` D kf[f hl\ j\^l`i% <j `d$

jfeXj gi\j\ek\j% 8lehl\ \o`jk\ Z`\ikX k\e[\eZ`X X Zfd\ekXi \c ]iXZXjf \e ZlXekf Xc e d\if [\ Xj`jk\ek\j# \j gi\]\i`Yc\ \e]X$ k`qXi \c \j]l\iqf [\ cfj hl\ j _Xe XZl[`[f X cX Z`kX%

gfikXek\ hl\ \c klkfi _X^X le \j]l\iqf gfi [`i`^`i jl d`iX[X X kf[fj cfj gi\j\ek\j1 \j cX d\afi dXe\iX [\ `dgc`$ ZXi X kf[fj# `eZcljf X cfj d}j i\XZ`fj X gXik`Z`gXi% KXdY` e

[\ek\ hl\ j\X# _Xp hl\ \dg\qXi i\Zfi[}e[fcf% 8 Zfek`elXZ` e# \j i\Zfd\e[XYc\ \ogc`ZXi cXj i\^cXj [\c al\^f1 Z df j\ mX X [`jki`Yl`i cX j\j` e p \c klief [\ `ek\im\eZ`fe\j%

]leZ`feX dlp Y`\e# gXiX jX$ Y\i j` cXj \ogc`ZXZ`fe\j \jk}e j`\e[f ZcXiXj p \ek\e[`[Xj gfi kf[fj# cXeqXi Xc^leX gi\^lekX Xc ^ilgf% ` :feZclj`fe\j% 8c k\id`eXi cX

i\le` e \j Zfem\e`\ek\ _XZ\i le Yi\m\ i\jld\e [\ cfj k\$ dXj XYfi[X[fj# i\dXiZXi cfj glekfj `dgfikXek\j p i\Zfi[Xi cfj XZl\i[fj kfdX[fj% KXdY` e j\ gl\[\ g\[`i cX Xpl[X [\ cXj ]Xd`c`Xj gXiX j`ek\k`qXi cfj Xj$ g\Zkfj ZcXm\%

:' ,

Ă&#x201C;Y^W

Âľ:; GKx >7O GK; >78B7H5

<E 9I<M<

GIF=<JFI<J

G8;I<J

` G\ejXi hl\ cfj gX[i\j hl\ ef

` <ekiXi \e cX i\le`Â?e g\e$

8[\d}j [\ gi\gXiXi \c dÂ&#x201E;kf[f hl\ j\^l`i \e \jkXj i\le`fe\j# \c klkfi [\Y\ k\e\i dlp ZcXif Zl}c\j mXe X j\i cfj Zfek\e`[fj [\c \eZl\ekif# [\ dXe\iX hl\ ef j\ hl\[\ e`e^Â&#x2019;e k\dX `dgfikXek\ j`e XYfi[Xi% 8lehl\ mX X [\g\e[\i [\c e`m\c \[lZXk`mf [\c hl\ j\ kiXk\ p [\ cXj g\Zlc`Xi`[X[\j [\c ^ilgf# jl\c\ i\jlckXi `ek\i\jXek\ _XYcXi [\1

mXe X cX i\le`Â?e ef j\ gi\fZl$ gXe gfi jl _`af

jXe[f hl\ cfj gif]\jfi\j jfe kf[fj lefj mX^fj

Â&#x203A; :XiXZk\iÂ&#x2C6;jk`ZXj [\c e`m\c \[lZXk`mf \e \c hl\ j\ \eZl\ekiXe jlj

` <eal`Z`Xi X cXj ]Xd`c`Xj

` M\i Xc klkfi Zfdf \e\d`^f

CF HL< ?8P HL< <M@K8I

[\ jl _`af ` ?XYcXi Zfe kÂ&#x201E;id`efj [\dX$

j`X[f Zfdgc\afj f XYjkiXZkfj

` D\ek`i \e ZlXekf X cfj _}$

` ?XYcXi jfYi\ le Xcldef

Y`kfj [\ \jkl[`f p ZfdgfikX$ d`\ekf \e ZXjX

\e ZfeZi\kf# Zfe efdYi\j p Xg\cc`[fj

` Jfc`Z`kXi `e]fidXZ`Â?e jfYi\

` Gi\j\ekXi le gifYc\dX Zfdf

jl _`af \e \jkX i\le`Â?e [\ ^ilgf

`ii\jfclYc\ ` E\^Xij\ X ZfcXYfiXi Zfe \c ` C`d`kXij\ X [Xi `e]fidXZ`Â?e

j`e gifgfe\i jfclZ`fe\j

Z\ekif \jZfcXi Xc\^Xe[f ]XckX [\ k`\dgf

` 8ZljXi X cfj gX[i\j [\ dXc$

` ;\jZfeĂ&#x201D;Xi [\ cX gif]\j`feX$

Zi`Xi X cfj _`afj

c`[X[ [\ cfj gif]\jfi\j

` @[\ek`Ă&#x201D;ZXij\ Zfe cfj Xcldefj

` <Z_Xic\j cX ZlcgX X cfj _`afj

p i\Z_XqXi X cfj gX[i\j f X cX `em\ijX

[\ cfj fkifj gfi j\i ½dXcXj ZfdgXÂ&#x152;Â&#x2C6;Xjž

` :i`k`ZXi X le ZfdgXÂ&#x152;\if

` Gfe\ij\ `eZfe[`Z`feXcd\ek\

` :fem\ik`i cX i\le`Â?e \e le

[\c cX[f [\ cfj Z_`Zfj# ZfekiX cfj gif]\jfi\j

`ek\iif^Xkfi`f ` DXe`]\jkXi hl\ kf[fj jfe leX

gXe[`ccX [\ ^XdY\iifj p hl\ ef k`\e\e jfclZ`Â?e%%%

_`afj%

Â&#x203A; EfidXj [\ Zfem`m\eZ`X p jXeZ`fe\j i\Zf^`[Xj \e \c I\^cXd\ekf [\ IÂ&#x201E;^`d\e @ek\ief%

Â&#x203A; @dgfikXeZ`X [\ dXek\e\i [\j[\ \c gi`eZ`g`f lefj _}Y`kfj X[\ZlX[fj1

Ă&#x2021; LeX Yl\eX ]fidX ]Â&#x2C6;j`ZX1 [\jZXejf jlĂ&#x201D;Z`\ek\# Xc`d\ekXZ`Â?e \hl`c`YiX[X p \a\iZ`Z`f ]Â&#x2C6;j`Zf [\ ]fidX _XY`klXc% Ă&#x2021; <c cl^Xi [\ \jkl[`f1 \jkX \j leX mXi`XYc\ hl\ `eĂ&#x2022;lp\ d}j [\ cf hl\ gXi\Z\ X cX _fiX [\ Zfej\^l`i le Xgi\e[`qXa\ \Ă&#x201D;ZXq% ;\Y\ j\i le cl^Xi Ă&#x201D;af# X`jcX[f [\ il`[fj# Zfe leX d\jX p leX j`ccX gifgfiZ`feXc\j X cX XckliX [\c \jkl[`Xek\% CX `cld`eXZ`Â?e \ `eZcljf cX k\dg\iXkliX X[\ZlX[X [\ cX _XY`kXZ`Â?e Xci\[\[fi [\ )'Ăą kXdY`Â&#x201E;e jfe [fj ]XZkfi\j hl\ k\e\i \e Zl\ekX% Ă&#x2021; <c gifg`f `ek\iÂ&#x201E;j dfjkiX[f gfi cfj gX[i\j [\c Xcldef XZ\iZX [\ jlj XZk`m`[X[\j# [\Y\i\j# \o}d\e\j f kiXYXafj [\ ZcXj\ \j# kXdY`Â&#x201E;e# dlp `dgfikXek\ [\ ZXiX X Zfej\^l`i le gif^i\jf \jZfcXi X[\ZlX[f% <e \jk\ j\ek`[f# \e \jkX gi`d\iX i\le`Â?e ^ilgXc Zfe cfj gX[i\j [\ cfj Xcldefj \j `dgfikXek\ ZfeZ`\e$ Z`Xicfj [\ cX e\Z\j`[X[ [\ dXek\e\i ZfekXZkf k\c\]Â?e`Zf# m`iklXc f gi\j\eZ`Xc \eki\ ]Xd`c`X p \jZl\cX X cf cXi^f [\ kf[f \c Zlijf# \e \jg\Z`Xc \e \c ZXjf [\ cfj Xcldefj hl\ gi\j\ekXe Xc^leX [`Ă&#x201D;ZlckX[%

Â&#x203A; 8Zk`m`[X[\j \okiX\jZfcXi\j# jXc`[Xj gif^iXdX[Xj p kXcc\i\j hl\ j\ mXe X `dgXik`i%

Â&#x203A; 8Zk`m`[X[\j gi\m`jkXj gXiX \c Zlijf fi^Xe`qX[Xj gfi \c ;\gXi$

kXd\ekf [\ Fi`\ekXZ`Â?e mXcfiXZ`fe\j gj`Zfg\[X^Â?^`ZXj Xc ^ilgf# AfieX[Xj [\ Fi`\ekXZ`Â?e MfZXZ`feXc XjÂ&#x2C6; Zfdf [`jgfj`$ Z`Â?e [\c Fi`\ekX[fi [\c Z\ekif X i\Z`Y`i X cfj gX[i\j%

Â&#x203A; :ffi[`eXZ`Â?e p XZklXZ`fe\j hl\ j\^l`i Xek\ cXj ]XckXj [\ Xj`j$ k\eZ`X%

Â&#x203A; <c j`jk\dX \[lZXk`mf# cfj ZXdY`fj Zfe cX C\p [\ <[lZXZ`Â?e i\$ Zfi[Xi Zfe Zl}ekXj jljg\ejXj j\ gXjX [\ Zlijf# Zfe Zl}ekXj j\ i\g`k\2 Zi`k\i`fj [\ k`klcXZ`Â?e \e +%² [\ <JF %

Â&#x203A; ?fiXi`f [\c klkfi p _fiXi`f [\c i\jkf [\c gif]\jfiX[f [\jk`eX[f

X cX Xk\eZ`Â?e X cfj gX[i\j gXiX dXek\e\i \eki\m`jkXj `e[`m`[lX$ c\j%

Â&#x203A; 8c Ă&#x201D;eXc j`\dgi\ _Xp hl\ [\aXi le klief [\ gi\^lekXj gXiX i\jfcm\i [l[Xj%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:' -

ÓY^W

CXj efidXj [\c XlcX

_3OCORRO õESTOõESõLAõJUNGLA ½Ef _X^Xj Zfed`^f cf hl\ ef hl`\iXj hl\ pf _X^X Zfek`^f¾% <e \jkX j\eZ`ccX ]iXj\ j\ i\jld\ cX ccXdX[X Ôcfjf] X [\ cX i\Z`gifZ`[X[ f [\c i\jg\kf dlklf# hl\ \j cX hl\ gXik\ [\ cX YXj\ [\ hl\ kf[Xj cXj g\ijfeXj k`\e\e cfj d`jdfj [\i\Z_fj p fYc`^XZ`fe\j% <jk\ gi`eZ`g`f# Xgc`ZX[f X cXj i\cXZ`fe\j hl\ j\ \jkXYc\Z\e \e \c XlcX# jlgfe\ hl\ \c gif]\jfi \jk} fYc`^X[f X kiXkXi Zfe i\jg\kf X ZX[X lef [\ jlj Xcldefj% G\if kXdY` e `dgc`ZX hl\ [\Y\ \o`^`i \jfj d`jdfj [\i\Z_fj _XZ`X jl gifg`X g\ijfeX p _XZ`X cfj [\d}j \jkl[`Xek\j hl\ ]fidXe gXik\ [\ cX ZcXj\% P \jkX j\^le[X gXik\ X m\Z\j j\ fcm`[X¿ 8j hl\# Xc `^lXc hl\ \e cXj i\cXZ`fe\j gX[i\j$_`afj# \e \c XlcX kXdY` e [\Y\e \o`jk`i cfj c d`k\j# \jXj c e\Xj `dX^`eXi`Xj hl\ j\gXiXe cXj Zfe[lZkXj XZ\gkXYc\j [\ cXj `eX[d`j`Yc\j% <jkXj efidXj [\Y\e \jkXYc\Z\i$ j\ X gi`eZ`g`f [\ Zlijf p dXe$ k\e\ij\ _XjkX \c ÔeXc% <c gXjf [\ cfj d\j\j# [\ ]fidX `e\m`kXYc\# cXj mX i\cXaXe[f# jfYi\ kf[f ZlXe[f j\ gif[lZ\e Xc^lefj ZXdY`fj `e\jg\iX[fj Zfdf cX jljk`klZ` e [\ le gif]\jfi f cX `eZfigfiXZ` e [\ le Xcldef ZfeÕ`Zk`mf% G\if# \e kf[f ZXjf# \j `dgfikXek\ _XZ\i le \j]l\i$ qf gfi dXek\e\i \jkfj c d`k\j cf d}j \jkXYc\j gfj`Yc\%

<jk`cf [\dfZi}k`Zf$ [`i\Zk`mf

YXjX[X \e cX fY\[`\eZ`X p \e \c k\dfi Xc ZXjk`^f

` 8g\eXj j\ i\^lcXe cXj Zfe$

` Ef _Xp leX i\cXZ` e X]\Zklf$

` Cfj c d`k\j Yi`ccXe gfi jl

jX e` \dg}k`ZX \eki\ \c gif]\jfi p cfj \jkl[`Xek\j

Xlj\eZ`X1 cfj Xcldefj gifYc\$ d}k`Zfj kfdXe \c gf[\i

` <c fi[\e \jk} Xc j\im`Z`f [\c Xgi\e[`qXa\

` <c Zldgc`d`\ekf \o_Xljk`mf

` CXj i\cXZ`fe\j j\ YXjXe \e

` J\ i\^lcXe jfcf cXj Zfe[lZkXj

[\ cXj efidXj j\ Zfem`\ik\ \e \c fYa\k`mf gi`fi`kXi`f [\c gif$ ]\jfi# Xle X ZfjkX [\c Xgi\e[`$ qXa\ [\ cfj Xcldefj

\c Zfc\^l\f

j`^e`ÔZXk`mXj

` CXj ]XckXj [\ i\jg\kf Xc gif$

` CX i\cXZ` e gif]\jfi$XcldeX$

]\jfi p X cfj ZfdgX \ifj jfe ]i\Zl\ek\j

[f \jk} YXjX[X \e cX i\Z`gifZ`$ [X[# \c i\jg\kf p cX \dgXk X

` CXj efidXj j\ `eZldgc\e f#

` ?Xp le Zc`dX X]\Zklfjf p [\

j`dgc\d\ek\# ef \o`jk\e%

i\jg\kf dlklf

[lZkXj

` Cfj c d`k\j jfe iXqfeXYc\j

<jk`cf g\id`j`mf CX \o`^\eZ`X [\ jl Zldgc`$ d`\ekf mX X [\g\e[\i [\c \jk`cf [\ Zfdle`ZXZ` e hl\ \jkXYc\qZX ZX[X gif]\jfi \e \c XlcX% Gf[\dfj _XYcXi [\ ki\j \jk`cfj [\ [fZ\eZ`X1

<jk`cf Xlkfi`kXi`f ` Cfj c d`k\j jfe \jki`Zkfj ` <o`jk\ leX gi\fZlgXZ` e \o$

Z\j`mX gfi \c fi[\e p \c Zldgc`$ d`\ekf [\ cX efidXk`mX ` J\ `ek\ekXe ZfekifcXi

kf[Xj cXj Zfe[lZkXj ` <c gif]\jfi XZk X

[\ gfc`Z X ` CX i\cXZ` e gif$

]\jfi$Xcldef \jk}

` Cfj c d`k\j jfe YcXe[fj ` <o`jk\ leX `eZXgXZ`[X[ f

[\j`ek\i j gXiX dXek\e\i \c fi[\e [\ cX ZcXj\

` CXj efidXj j\

Zldgc\e [\ ]fi$ dX j`jk\d}k`ZX <jk\ ck`df \jk`cf \j \c hl\ gifgfiZ`feX le Zc`dX [\ ZcXj\ d}j i\$ cXaX[f# Zfe d\afi i\e[`$ d`\ekf XZX[ d`Zf p dXpfi XdY`\ek\ [\ jXk`j]XZZ` e% P \j \c hl\ j\ i\jld\ \e ½ef d\ _XYc\j Zfdf ef hl`\i\j hl\ pf k\ _XYc\¾# ½i\jg kXd\ j` hl`\i\j hl\ pf k\ i\jg\k\¾# ½j Zfii\Zkf Zfed`^f p pf cf j\i Zfek`$ ^f¾%%%

<E 9I<M< GF:8J EFID8J# :C8I8J P =C<O@9C<J G8I8 HL< J< :LDGC8E CXj efidXj [\ ZcXj\ [\Y\e Zldgc`i \c Zi`k\i`f [\ \]\Zk`$ m`[X[# \j [\Z`i# [\Y\e \m`kXi p i\jfcm\i gifYc\dXj% CXj _Xp [\ [fj k`gfj1

:' -

Ă&#x201C;Y^W KD L?IJ7PE 7B ;IF;@E

<e ^\e\iXc# X eX[`\ c\ ^ljkX j\ek`ij\ \mXclX[f gfi cfj [\d}j# jfYi\ kf[f ZlXe[f \o`jk\ \c i`\j^f [\ hl\ [`^Xe Xc^f e\^Xk`mf f [\jX^iX[XYc\ jfYi\ cX gifg`X ]fidX [\ j\i# [\ \jkXi f [\ _XZ\i cXj ZfjXj% G\if \c _\Z_f [\ ZfefZ\i hlÂ&#x201E; `dX^\e k`\e\e cfj Xcldefj [\ jl gif]\jfi gl\[\ j\im`i gXiX [\k\ZkXi cfj iXj^fj [\ Zfdle`ZXZ`Â?e d\efj XZ\gkX[fj p# j` j\ Zfej`[\iX fgfiklef# df[`Ă&#x201D;ZXicfj% Gfi jlgl\jkf# ef j\ kiXkX [\ \mXclXi cX g\ijfeXc`[X[ [\c [fZ\ek\ j`ef [\ mXcfiXi jl \jk`cf [\ Zfdle`ZXZ`Â?e [\ekif [\c XlcX% Le Yl\e i\Zlijf gXiX Xm\i`^lXi cX `dX^\e hl\ k`\e\e cfj \jkl[`Xek\j [\ jl gif]\jfiX[f Zfej`jk\ \e ZlYi`i cX j`^l`\ek\ kXYcX Xj`^eXe[f leX gleklXZ`Â?e gfi ZX[X iXj^f% Gfi \a\dgcf# \e \c Y`efd`f \o`^\ek\$ YcXe[f# cXj Z`eZf ZXj`ccXj Zfii\jgfe[\e X cfj j`^l`\ek\j mXcfi\j1

<O@><EK<

EFID8J <OGCĂ :@K8J1

Jfe cXj hl\ \jk}e i\[XZkX[Xj gfi \jZi`kf p i\^lcXe cX Zfem`$ m\eZ`X% Jl \]\Zk`m`[X[ [\g\e$ [\ [\ hl\ j\Xe gfZXj# ZcXiXj# Ă&#x2022;\o`Yc\j p [\ hl\ j\ ZldgcXe% J` leX efidX [\ \jk\ k`gf j\ `eZldgc\ [\ ]fidX j`jk\d}k`ZX# j\ Zfem`\ik\ \e fkiX [\ j`^ef ZfekiXi`f% Gfi \a\dgcf# j` X g\jXi [\ hl\ leX i\^cX [`Z\ hl\ ½_Xp hl\ j\i gleklXcž# j\ Zfej`\ek\ cX `dgleklXc`[X[# XZXYX kiXej]fid}e[fj\ \e ½j\ XZ\gkX cc\^Xi kXi[\ž% J` ef j\ gl\[\ _XZ\i Zldgc`i# \j d\afi \c`d`eXicX% EFID8J @DGCĂ :@K8J1

Jfe Xhl\ccXj hl\# Xlehl\ ef \jk}e i\[XZkX[Xj \e e`e^leX gXik\# j\ Zldgc\e gfi Zfj$ kldYi\# ilk`eX f gfi Zfe[lZ$ kXj [\ kXek\f gfi gXik\ [\ cfj Xcldefj% :XdY`Xe Zfe ZX[X gif]\jfi p XZXYXe ]fidXe[f le [\k\id`eX[f Zc`dX \e cX ZcXj\ j\ g\id`k\ _XYcXi# _XZ\i Xc^Â&#x2019;e Z_`jk\# jXc`i Xc YXÂ&#x152;f2 f kf[f cf ZfekiXi`fÂż %

")

"(

'

$(

$)

DLP <O@><EK<

<O@><EK<

E<LKIF

9C8E;F

DLP 9C8E;F

9C8E;F

<JK@CF :FDLE@:8K@MF ;<C GIF=<JFI j\^Â&#x2019;e cfj Xcldefj GFE LE8 :ILQ <E C8 :8J@CC8 ;FE;< J@KL8IĂ 8J 8 KL GIF=<JFI ;<C Ă?I<8 ;<%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% <o`^\ek\

9cXe[f

Aljkf

@ealjkf

:\iZXef

;`jkXek\

8]\Zklfjf

=iÂ&#x2C6;f

:f_\i\ek\

@eZf_\i\ek\

I\cXaX[f

K\ejf

Gfj`k`mf

E\^Xk`mf

I\jg\klfjf

@ii\jg\klfjf

;`jgfe`Yc\

@eXZZ\j`Yc\

<eklj`XjkX

;\j\eZXekX[f

@ek\igi\kXZ`Â?e1 \c g\iĂ&#x201D;c g\ijfeXc j\ fYk`\e\ le`\e[f Zfe leX cÂ&#x2C6;e\X cXj ZXj`ccXj d}j dXiZX[Xj \e ZX[X Ă&#x201D;cX% CX `e]fidXZ`Â?e gl\[\ j\i k\e`[X \e Zl\ekX gXiX1

Â&#x203A; I\Ă&#x2022;\o`feXi jfYi\ \c \jk`cf Zfdle`ZXk`mf [\c gif]\jfi \e jl i\cXZ`Â?e Zfe cfj Xcldefj1 Xlkfi`kXi`f#

[`i\Zk`mf# Xd`jkfjf# jXiZ}jk`Zf# jfYi\gifk\ZkfiÂż <j leX fgfikle`[X[ gXiX df[`Ă&#x201D;ZXicf j` ef i\jlckX [\c kf[f jXk`j]XZkfi`f%

Â&#x203A; GXZkXi ZXdY`fj \eki\ \c gif]\jfi p cfj Xcldefj% <c [fZ\ek\ gl\[\ f]i\Z\i df[`Ă&#x201D;ZXi Xc^leX

ZXiXZk\iÂ&#x2C6;jk`ZX [\ Zfdle`ZXZ`Â?e X ZXdY`f [\ hl\ cfj Xcldefj mXiÂ&#x2C6;\e Xc^Â&#x2019;e Xjg\Zkf [\ jl ZfdgfikXd`\ekf% Gfi \a\dgcf# [\aXic\j kiXYXaXi \e ^ilgf j` jfe ZXgXZ\j [\ _XZ\icf [\ ]fidX ½Z`m`c`qX[Xž%

5 G8I8 J89<I DĂ?J

½I\jfclZ`Â?e [\ ZfeĂ&#x2022;`Zkfj \e \c XlcXž AlXe MX\ccf Fikj# \[`kfi`Xc JXek`ccXeX# )''*

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:' .

ÓY^W

LeX i\m`j` e X cfj ifc\j [\ cfj Xcldefj

1UI·NõESõQUI·Nõ CX gXe[`ccX [\ Xd`^fj hl\ j\ i\ e\ ZX[X m`\ie\j gXiX jXc`i [\ dXiZ_X# cfj m\Z`efj [\c YXii`f hl\ j\ alekXe \c [fd`e^f gXiX al^Xi leX gXZ_Xe^l`kX# cfj ZfdgX \ifj [\ kiXYXaf hl\ ZfdgXik\e fÔZ`eX p ZX] j# p cfj \jkl[`Xek\j [\ ZlXchl`\i \kXgX \[lZXk`mX hl\ Zfem`m\e \e \c XlcX [liXek\ kf[f le Zlijf%%%

Kf[fj \ccfj k`\e\e Xc^f \e Zfd e1 ]fidXe le g\hl\ f ^ilgf% P Zfdf kXc# j\ [\Ôe\ Zfe leXj d`jdXj ZXiXZk\i j$ k`ZXj1

` Jlj d`\dYifj Xjld\e lefj

fYa\k`mfj ef \jkXYc\Z`[fj gfi \ccfj d`jdfj# hl\ jfe cX X[hl`$ j`Z` e [\ XZk`kl[\j# ZfdgfikX$ d`\ekfj p ZfefZ`d`\ekfj [\c e`m\c Xc hl\ g\ik\e\Z\e%

` <j le e d\if i\[lZ`[f [\

d`\dYifj hl\ `ek\iXZZ`feXe \eki\ j # cf hl\ j`^e`ÔZX hl\ \c ZfdgfikXd`\ekf [\ ZX[X lef [\ \ccfj `eÕlp\ \e \c [\ cfj [\d}j% ` :fdgXik\e lefj fYa\k`mfj

Zfdle\j# Zfdf gXjXicf Y`\e# al^Xi Xc ] kYfc f jXZXi X[\cXek\ le gifp\Zkf cXYfiXc% ` I\jg\kXe leXj efidXj [\

ZfdgfikXd`\ekf# d}j f d\$ efj \jkXYc\Z`[Xj% ` Gfj\\e leX \jkilZkliX [\Ôe`$

[X p lefj ifc\j Xj`^eX[fj% ` K`\e\e leXj ZXiXZk\i jk`ZXj

gifg`Xj hl\ cfj [`jk`e^l\ [\c i\jkf [\ cfj ^ilgfj% Kf[fj \ccfj `ek\iXZZ`feXe# [\ Xc^leX dXe\iX# Zfe \c \ekfi$ ef% <e \c ZXjf ZfeZi\kf [\c ^ilgf$ZcXj\ \o`jk\e# X[\d}j# \jkXj gXik`ZlcXi`[X[\j1 ` J\ kiXkX [\ le ^ilgf ]fidXc#

ef \jgfek}e\f# \e \c hl\ cX gi\j\eZ`X [\ Xcldefj p XcldeXj \j `dg\iXk`mX# Xc d\$ efj \e cfj e`m\c\j fYc`^Xkfi`fj [\ \ej\ XeqX%

` ;\Y\e i\jg\kXi leX efidXk`$

mX `dgl\jkX p ef Zfej\ejlX[X gfi jlj d`\dYifj% ` P \jk} c`[\iX[f gfi leX g\i$

jfeX ef \c\^`[X \c gif]\jfi # hl\ \a\iZ\ jl Xlkfi`[X[%

8j [\Ôe`[f# ·gXi\Z\ le cl^Xi dlp j`e`\jkif G\if eX[X d}j c\afj [\ cX i\Xc`[X[% <j \e \j$ kfj ^ilgfj [fe[\ Zfd`\eqX cX jfZ`Xc`qXZ` e [\ cfj e` fj p [fe[\# X cf cXi^f [\ cfj X fj# j\ Zfej`^l\ le dXpfi ^iX[f [\ dX[li\q \e cXj i\cXZ`fe\j `e$ k\ig\ijfeXc\j% <e \jk\ gifZ\jf jfe `e[`jg\ejXYc\j cfj gXg\c\j f ifc\j hl\ al\^Xe ZX[X lef [\ jlj d`\dYifj% :fefZ\icfj# p j\i ZfejZ`\ek\j [\ jl \o`jk\e$ Z`X# gl\[\ Xpl[Xi Xc gif]\jfi

X fi^Xe`qXi cX ZcXj\# p X cfj Xcldefj X ef j\i \jZcXmfj [\ jl gifg`f g\ijfeXa\%

<E 9I<M< <C G8G<C ;< KL M@;8 CXj g\ijfeXj# ZlXe[f \jk}e \e le ^ilgf# Zfdf \j leX ZcXj\# j\ ZfdgfikXe [\ ]fidX [`jk`ekX X Zfdf cf _XiÂ&#x2C6;Xe Zfe jl ]Xd`c`X f Zfe jlj Xd`^fj% 8 \jkXj Zfe$ [lZkXj j\ cXj [\efd`eX ifc\j f gXg\c\j jfZ`Xc\j p# j\^Â&#x2019;e j\Xe gfj`k`mfj f e\^Xk`mfj# Zfeki`$ Ylp\e X hl\ \e cX ZcXj\ _XpX le XdY`\ek\ X^iX[XYc\ f [\$ jX^iX[XYc\% 8lehl\ \jkfj ifc\j jfe e\Z\jXi`fj \e cX ]fidXZ`Â?e [\c ^ilgf# _Xp hl\ \m`kXi \e$ ZXj`ccXij\ \e lef [\ \ccfj gfi dlZ_f k`\dgf1 ¡j\i j`\dgi\ \c gXpXjf \j X^fkX[fi 8jÂ&#x2C6; hl\ \j gi\]\i`Yc\ i\gi\j\ekXi [`jk`ekfj gXg\c\j j\^Â&#x2019;e \c dfd\ekf p cX j`klXZ`Â?e%

:' .

Ă&#x201C;Y^W L7BEH79?ĂŁD :; H;IKBJ7:EI

:X[X ^ilgf# ]fidX[f gfi Z`eZf f j\`j Xcldefj# c\\ \c c`jkX[f [\ cfj m\`ek\ gfj`Yc\j ifc\j p cfj mXcfiX Zfe le gfj`k`mf f e\^Xk`mf j\^Â&#x2019;e ]XZ`c`k\ f [`Ă&#x201D;Zlck\ \c kiXYXaf p cX \mfclZ`Â?e [\ cX ZcXj\% J` \e i\Xc`[X[ \j\ gXg\c ef X]\ZkX X cX dXiZ_X ^cfYXc [\c ^ilgf# j\ cf ZXc`Ă&#x201D;ZX Zfdf e\lkif%

Â&#x203A; Ef _Xp hl\ gfe\i efdYi\j p Xg\cc`[fj X ZX[X lef [\ cfj ifc\j# jfYi\ kf[f gfihl\ cXj \k`hl\kXj j`\d$ gi\ jfe [\dXj`X[f j`dgc\j% <j d\afi _XZ\i le \j]l\iqf gfi g\ejXi \e XYjkiXZkf p Zfd\ekXi Zl}c\j [\ \ccfj jfe cfj d}j Zfem\e`\ek\j gXiX Zi\Xi le ^ilgf [`e}d`Zf p \]\Zk`mf% J\ gl\[\e gifgfe\i fkifj hl\ ef \jk}e \e cX gXii`ccX% IFC DXe[Â?e

8Ă&#x201D;idX jl Xlkfi`[X[ ½g`jXe[f X cfj [\d}jž

Fi^Xe`qX[fi

J`\dgi\ \jk} jl^`i`\e[f XZk`m`[X[\j p _XZ`\e[f gifgl\jkXj

CÂ&#x2C6;[\i

:fe[lZ\ X cfj [\d}j# dfm`c`qX Xc g\ijfeXc

@eZfe]fid`jkX

<jk} j`\dgi\ \e ZfekiX [\ kf[f cf hl\ _X^Xe# [`^Xe f gifgfe^Xe cfj fkifj2 \j \c ½g`kl]f ^ilÂ&#x152;Â?ež

GXpXjf

GFJ@K@MF E<>8K@MF E<LKIF

C\ ^ljkX _XZ\i ^iXZ`Xj p Z_`jk\j kf[f \c iXkf# ef gXiX [\ ccXdXi cX Xk\eZ`Â?e

G\cfkX

Jl fYa\k`mf gi`dfi[`Xc \j ZX\i Y`\e Xc gif]\jfi# `eZcljf [\aXe[f \e dXc cl^Xi X cfj ZfdgXÂ&#x152;\ifj

KiXYXaX[fi

J\ Z\ekiX \e cf hl\ k`\e\ hl\ _XZ\i# mX X cf jlpf

8`jcX[f

Jfc`kXi`f# i\_Â&#x2019;p\ \c ZfekXZkf Zfe cfj [\d}j

;`jkiXÂ&#x2C6;[f

J\ [`jkiX\ Zfe \c ml\cf [\ leX dfjZX

GXj`mf

Ef dfc\jkX# kXdgfZf gXik`Z`gX# j\ gXi\Z\ X le dl\Yc\

;`gcfd}k`Zf

<j \c \jg\Z`Xc`jkX \e c`dXi Xjg\i\qXj ZlXe[f jli^\e cfj ZfeĂ&#x2022;`Zkfj# \j \c ½al\q [\ gXqž

E\im`fjf

Ef gXiX [\ c\mXekXij\# k`iXi ZfjXj Xc jl\cf p g\[`i gXiX jXc`i Xc YXÂ&#x152;f2 ZlXe[f _Xp \oXd\e# ½j\ gfe\ [\ cfj e\im`fjž

D}ik`i

Gfi Xc^leX iXqÂ?e# X d\el[f ZXi^X Zfe cXj ZlcgXj [\ cfj [\d}j

KÂ&#x2C6;d`[f

Ef c\ ^ljkX ccXdXi cX Xk\eZ`Â?e e` jXc`i Xc \eZ\iX[f2 j\ jfeifaX Zfe ]XZ`c`[X[

DXjZfkX

<j leX g\ijfeX gfglcXi# hl\ ZX\ Y`\e# p i\gi\j\ekX Xc ^ilgf

:_lc`kf

8gXi\ekX leX \oZ\j`mX j\^li`[X[ \e jÂ&#x2C6; d`jdf# j`\dgi\ hl`\i\ k\e\i cX Â&#x2019;ck`dX gXcXYiX

JfZ`XYc\

<j dlp XY`\ikf# j`dg}k`Zf# j\ cc\mX Y`\e Zfe kf[f \c dle[f

MÂ&#x2C6;Zk`dX

<j fYa\kf [\ Z_XeqXj p Z_`jk\j2 ef j\ [\Ă&#x201D;\e[\

DXkÂ?e

8d\eXqX X jlj ZfdgXÂ&#x152;\ifj \ `eZcljf X cfj gif]\jfi\j Zfe cX ]l\iqX ]Â&#x2C6;j`ZX f m\iYXc

9l\e ZfdgXÂ&#x152;\if

8ek\ kf[f# \jk} g\e[`\ek\ [\ jlj ZfdgXÂ&#x152;\ifj2 \j \c hl\ j\ XZl\i[X [\ m`j`kXi Xc fg\iX[f [\ Xg\e[`Z`k`j p \c hl\ [\Ă&#x201D;\e[\ X cX mÂ&#x2C6;Zk`dX [\ cfj XYljfj [\c dXkÂ?e

:FDF LE K<8KIF <c XlcX \j le \jZ\eXi`f [fe$ [\ ZX[X d`\dYif [\ cX ZcXj\ YljZX le gXg\c X jl d\[`[X% :X[X Xcldef j\ ZfdgfikX \e \c }dY`kf \jZfcXi Zfdf j` `ek\i$ gi\kXiX X le g\ijfeXa\ hl\ c\ g\id`k\ Xlkfii\Xc`qXij\ [\ ]fi$ dX jXk`j]XZkfi`X% 8hl\ccfj hl\ ef Zfej`^l\e \c Â&#x201E;o`kf d\[`Xek\ ifc\j XZX[Â&#x201E;d`Zfj Zfdf \c kiX$ YXaX[fi f \c \Ă&#x201D;Z`\ek\ k`\e[\e X [\j\dg\Â&#x152;Xi ifc\j Xck\ieXk`mfj Zfdf \c X^i\j`mf f \c i\kX[fi hl\ jl\c\e g\ikliYXi \c [\jX$ iifccf [\ cX ZcXj\% :fefZ\icfj Xpl[X X Zfdgi\e[\i \c gfihlÂ&#x201E; [\ dlZ_Xj Zfe[lZkXj `eXgif$ g`X[Xj p X d\afiXi \c Zc`dX [\ cX ZcXj\%

;<J:I@G:@äE

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

<?9>7

:( 4·CNICASõ DEõTRABAJOõ INTELECTUALõ JXY\i Zl}e[f# [ e[\ p Z df \jkl[`Xi% <jkX \j cX ] idlcX [\c o`kf \jZfcXi p \c fYa\k`mf hl\ g\ij`^l\e cXj k Ze`ZXj [\ kiXYXaf `ek\c\ZklXc# d}j ZfefZ`[Xj Zfdf k Ze`ZXj [\ \jkl[`f% 8 g\jXi [\ jl [\dfjkiX[X \]\Zk`m`[X[# ^iXe gXik\ [\ cX gfYcXZ` e \jZfcXi cXj [\jZfefZ\ f# Xc d\efj# ef cXj cc\mX X cX gi}Zk`ZX % <e \jkX j\i`\ [\ Xik Zlcfj [\ fi`\ekXZ` e \[lZXk`mX j\ f]i\Z\e cXj ZcXm\j gXiX Zi\Xi _}Y`kfj [\ \jkl[`f \ÔZXZ\j%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:( '

ÓY^W

P k %%% ¶jXY\j c\\i6

%LõRENDIMIENTOõESCOLARõDEPENDEõ DEõLAõCOMPRENSIÀNõLECTORAõõõõõõõ Lef [\ ZX[X ZlXkif X[fc\jZ\ek\j ef c\\ eleZX f ZXj` eleZX% P lef [\ ZX[X ZlXkif XYXe[feXi} jlj \jkl[`fj j`e _XY\i XZXYX[f cX \[lZXZ` e fYc`^Xkfi`X%%% ¶<j ZXjlXc`[X[ f \o`jk\ Xc^leX i\cXZ` e \eki\ \jkXj [fj j`klXZ`fe\j6 Cf Z`\ikf \j hl\ jXY\i c\\i \j leX [\ cXj _XY`c`[X[\j d}j `dgfikXek\j hl\ le \jkl[`Xek\ [\Y\ [fd`eXi# pX hl\ cX dXpfi gXik\ [\ cX `e]fidXZ` e hl\ i\Z`Y\ \j [\ ]fidX \jZi`kX% Gfi \jf# \c gi`d\i gXjf gXiX clZ_Xi ZfekiX \c ]iXZXjf \jZfcXi \j Zfej\^l`i le Yl\e e`m\c [\ c\ZkliX%

8c d\efj \jkX \j leX [\ cXj ZfeZclj`fe\j hl\ j\ gl\[\ jXZXi [\ leX \eZl\jkX i\X$ c`qX[X gfi \c D`e`jk\i`f [\ <[lZXZ` e [\ekif [\c GcXe [\ =fd\ekf [\ cX C\ZkliX% Cfj [Xkfj fYk\e`[fj# X gXik`i [\ *-'' Xcldefj [\ +%² [\ <JF [\ kf[f \c k\ii`kfi`f \jgX fc# jfe cfj j`^l`\ek\j1

(% <c i\e[`d`\ekf \jZfcXi p cfj _}Y`$ kfj c\Zkfi\j \jk}e XjfZ`X[fj% <jkf hl`\i\ [\Z`i hl\ cfj Xcldefj p XcldeXj hl\ d}j c\\e jfe kXdY` e cfj hl\ d\afi\j efkXj jXZXe%

)% CXj dla\i\j c\\e d}j hl\ cfj _fdYi\j% <c ++ [\ cXj Z_`ZXj jfe c\ZkfiXj ]i\Zl\ek\j# d`\e$ kiXj hl\ jfcf cf jfe \c ). [\ cfj Z_`Zfj [\ cX d`jdX \[X[%

*% <c e`m\c [\ \jkl[`fj [\ cfj gX$ [i\j `eÕlp\ \e cfj _}Y`kfj c\Zkfi\j [\ jlj _`afj# [\ df[f hl\ cfj Z_`Zfj hl\

k`\e\e gX[i\j Zfe \jkl[`fj le`$ m\ij`kXi`fj k`\e\e d}j gfj`Y`c`$ [X[\j [\ j\i c\Zkfi\j ]i\Zl\ek\j hl\ cfj [\ gif^\e`kfi\j j`e \j$ kl[`fj% J`e \dYXi^f# ef gXi\Z\ _XY\i i\cXZ` e Zfe cX j`klXZ` e jfZ`f$\Zfe d`ZX ]Xd`c`Xi%

+% Cfj X[fc\jZ\ek\j \jgX fc\j# \e ^\e\iXc# gi\Ô\i\e cXj fYiXj [\ k\iifi# [\ Xm\ekliXj# [\ d`jk\i`f p [\ _ldfi% 8lehl\ Zf`eZ`[\e \e cX k\d}k`ZX ^\e\iXc# _Xp [`]\i\eZ`Xj \eki\ cXj gi\]\$ i\eZ`Xj [\ cfj Z_`Zfj p [\ cXj Z_`ZXj% <ccfj \jZf^\e fYiXj [\ Z`\eZ`X p k\Zefcf^ X# jXcl[ p [\gfik\j# d`\ekiXj hl\ \ccXj [`j]ilkXe [\ cX gf\j X p [\ cXj fYiXj ifd}ek`ZXj%

<E 9I<M< GF:FJ C@9IFJ# DL:?8 K<C< ;`m\ijfj \jkl[`fj jfYi\ cfj _}Y`kfj [\ cfj \jgXÂ&#x152;fc\j \e Zl\jk`Â?e [\ c\ZkliX XiifaXe [Xkfj gi\fZlgXek\j1 jfcf \c ,( c\\ c`Yifj# i\m`jkXj f g\i`Â?[`Zfj Zfe ]i\Zl\eZ`X# d`\ekiXj hl\ le (' ZfeĂ&#x201D;\jX hl\ ef c\\ eleZX% <e ZfekiXjk\# cX dXpfi gXik\ [\ cX gfYcXZ`Â?e# le .' # m\ kf[fj cfj [Â&#x2C6;Xj cX k\$ c\m`j`Â?e%

CFJ 8;FC<J:<EK<J# <E ;8KFJ <c *- [\ cfj X[fc\jZ\ek\j [\ (,$(- XÂ&#x152;fj c\\e c`Yifj \e jl k`\dgf c`Yi\ d}j [\ leX m\q X cX j\dXeX# gfi cf hl\ j\ c\j gl\[\ Zfej`[\iXi c\Zkfi\j ]i\Zl\ek\j2 \c */ jfe c\Zkfi\j fZXj`feXc\j c\\e d}j [\ leX m\q Xc ki`d\jki\ # p \c )- jfe ef c\Zkfi\j \j [\Z`i# ef c\\e eleZX f ZXj` eleZX %

:( '

Ă&#x201C;Y^W

=KĂ&#x;7 F7H7 C;@EH7H B7 B;9JKH7 J` cf hl\ hl`\i\j \j d\afiXi kl e`m\c c\Zkfi# [\Y\j Ă&#x201D;aXik\ \e cfj \iifi\j hl\ Zfd\k\j% Hl`q} j\X Xc^lef [\ \jkfj1

Â&#x203A; ?XZ\i dfm`d`\ekfj Zfe \c Zl\igf% ?Xp hl`\e k`\e\ cX ZfjkldYi\ [\ j\^l`i \c i\e^cÂ?e Zfe \c [\[f f Zfe le c}g`q ½gXiX ef g\i[\ij\ž% <e i\Xc`[X[# cf Â&#x2019;e`Zf hl\ j\ Zfej`^l\ \j g\i[\i m\cfZ`[X[% GXiX Zfii\^`i \jkX ]\X ZfjkldYi\# YXjkX Zfe hl\ lk`c`Z\j cXj [fj dXefj gXiX X^XiiXi \c c`Yif% KXdY`Â&#x201E;e \j dlp kÂ&#x2C6;g`Zf dfm\i cX ZXY\qX [\ `qhl`\i[X X [\i\Z_X Zfdf le \jg\ZkX[fi \e le gXik`[f [\ k\e`j%%% cf Â&#x2019;e`Zf hl\ e\Z\j`kXj [\jgcXqXi jfe cfj fafj%

Â&#x203A; Mfcm\i Xki}j% 8 cf d\afi \i\j [\ cfj hl\ ml\cm\ Xki}j jfYi\ cf hl\ pX c\Â&#x2C6;jk\% JXcmf \oZ\gZ`fe\j# gfi

\a\dgcf \e ZXjf [\ k\okfj dlp Zfdgc\afj# ef [\Y\j _XZ\icf% GXiX Zfii\^`ik\ gl\[\j giXZk`ZXi le gfZf kXgXe[f Zfe leX kXia\kX cXj cÂ&#x2C6;e\Xj hl\ pX _Xj c\Â&#x2C6;[f# j`e gfj`Y`c`[X[ [\ mfcm\i Xki}j% :fdgifYXi}j ZÂ?df cX `[\X ^\e\iXc cX Zf^\j d}j i}g`[f%

Â&#x203A; MfZXc`qXi% <j leX gÂ&#x201E;i[`[X [\ k`\dgf dfm\i cfj cXY`fj f cX c\e^lX1 j\ c\\ Zfe cfj fafj% J` ef \jk}j

j\^lif [\ j` Zfd\k\j \jk\ \iifi# _Xq leX gil\YX1 gfek\ le c}g`q \eki\ cfj cXY`fj# p Zfdgil\YX j` j\ dl\m\ ZlXe[f c\\j% GXiX fYj\imXi j` \j cX c\e^lX cX hl\ j\ dfm`c`qX# gÂ&#x201E;^XcX Xc gXcX[Xi p ]Â&#x2C6;aXk\ j` cX ZXdY`Xj [\ gfj`Z`Â?e%

Â&#x203A; I\g\k`i d\ekXcd\ek\% <j Zfdf le \Zf `ek\i`fi# Zfdf j` efj c\pÂ&#x201E;iXdfj \c k\okf X efjfkifj d`jdfj%

8 m\Z\j `eZcljf j\ [\k\ZkX gfi dfm`d`\ekfj \e cX ^Xi^XekX% CX d\afi dXe\iX [\ Zfii\^`i \jk\ [\]\Zkf \j c\\i X kXekX m\cfZ`[X[ hl\ ef j\X gfj`Yc\ cX i\g\k`Z`Â?e d\ekXc% G\if \jkf i\hl`\i\ dlZ_f \eki\eX$ d`\ekf%%%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:( (

ÓY^W

CX dXcX c\kiX gl\[\ YXaXi cX efkX

_%STEõTEXTOõESõILEGIBLE ½yjk\ k`\e\ c\kiX [\ d [`Zf¾# [\Z`dfj Xek\ le \jZi`kf gi}Zk`ZXd\ek\ `e[\jZ`]iXYc\% P \j hl\ cfj gif]\j`feXc\j [\ cX d\[`Z`eX dl\jkiXe leX gXik`ZlcXi ]fidX [\ \jZi`Y`i hl\# \e fZXj`fe\j# fYc`^X Xc gXZ`\ek\ p Xc ]XidXZ lk`Zf X al^Xi X cXj X[`m`eXeqXj Zfe cX i\Z\kX jfYi\ \c dfjkiX[fi% 8 \jk\ k`gf [\ c\kiX j\ cf ZfefZ\ kXdY` e Zfdf Ôc`]fid\# pX hl\ k`\e\ Z`\ikX XgXi`\eZ`X [\ _`cf%

½C\kiX `c\^`Yc\¾# \jZi`Y\ \c gif]\jfi jfYi\ \c \oXd\e [\ JfZ`Xc\j% <e \jk\ ZXjf# \c [f$ Z\ek\ ef k`\e\ cX gXZ`\eZ`X e` \c _ldfi# kiXj d\[`f Z\ek\eXi [\ kiXYXafj Zfii\^`[fj# [\ [\j$ Z`]iXi \c a\if^c ÔZf1 fgkX gfi ef mXcfiXi \c kiXYXaf f# \e \c g\fi [\ cfj ZXjfj# gfi ZXc`ÔZXicf Zfe le Z\if% CX c\kiX `c\^`Yc\ [\ dlZ_fj \jkl[`Xek\j \j jl g\i[`Z` e1 ef jfe ZXgXZ\j [\ \ogfe\i gfi \jZi`kf# [\ ]fidX ZcXiX# \ek\e[`Yc\ p fi[\eX[X# kf[Xj cXj `[\Xj hl\ k`\e\e \e cX ZXY\qX% P \jkX Z`iZlejkXeZ`X c\j YXaX dlZ_f cX efkX%

` Ef _X^Xj leX d`jdX ^iX] X

` P [\aX jlÔZ`\ek\ \jgXZ`f

[\ mXi`Xj ]fidXj [`jk`ekXj1 Xj j cf Zfej\^l`i}j mfcm\i cfZf Xc hl\ k\ c\X%

\eki\ leX gXcXYiX p fkiX# [\ dXe\iX hl\ ef [ cl^Xi X Zfe]lj`fe\j%

` CXj c\kiXj# [\c kXdX f aljkf1

<e [\Ôe`k`mX# jfe ki\j gXjfj% Gi`d\if# XeXc`qXi Zl}c\j jfe klj ]Xccfj Xc \jZi`Y`i2 cl\^f# \dg\qXi X giXZk`ZXi kl el\mX c\kiX kfd}e[fk\ kf[f \c k`\dgf hl\ e\Z\j`k\j gXiX _XZ\icf% Gfi ck`df# XlkfdXk`qXi

e` \oZ\j`mXd\ek\ ^iXe[\j# e` d`ZifjZ g`ZXj% ` GifZliX ef _XZ\icXj Zfe [`j$

k`ekX `eZc`eXZ` e1 kf[Xj [\Y\e \jkXi _XZ`X \c d`jdf cX[f% ` KXdgfZf j\gXi\j cXj c\kiXj

[\ leX d`jdX gXcXYiX1 [\Y\e `i \ecXqX[Xj% ` ·Ef ZfdY`e\j dXp jZlcXj

J` k \i\j lef [\ \ccfj# \ `eZcljf klj gif]\jfi\j k\ _Xe gifgl\jkf mfcm\i X cfj ZlX[\ie`ccfj [\ ZXc`^X] X [\ kl `e]XeZ`X# _Xq Xc^f Xek\j [\ hl\ j\X [\dXj`X[f kXi[\% <dg`\qX gfi d`iXi kl \jZi`kliX Zfe clgX1

GXiX jlY`i cX efkX ` 8j\^ iXk\ [\ hl\ j\ [`jk`e$

^l\e Y`\e kf[Xj cXj c\kiXj% J` ef cXj _XZ\j Zfe ZcXi`[X[ \c gif]\jfi gl\[\ Zfe]le[`i cX Z Zfe cX \2 cX _ Zfe cX Y2 cX e Zfe cX l2 cX i Zfe cX j%%% ` <m`kX cX fd`j` e [\ iXj^fj

\c glekf [\ cX `# cX iXp`kX [\ cX k%%% p [\ c\kiXj cX j Xc ÔeXc [\ cX gXcXYiX%%% %

Zfe d`e jZlcXj

kl el\mX ^iX] X p [\aXi jfigi\e$ [`[fj X kf[fj klj gif]\jfi\j% ·M\i}j Z df jlY`i}j cX efkX

:( (

Ă&#x201C;Y^W

=K?ĂŁD F7H7 C;@EH7H B7 ;I9H?JKH7 8 cX _fiX [\ _XZ\i kiXYXafj \jZi`kfj f \o}d\e\j# k\e \e Zl\ekX cXj j`^l`\ek\j `[\Xj1

<E 9I<M<

:fejkilp\ ]iXj\j j\eZ`ccXj g\if Zfii\ZkXj

:L@;8 C8 @D8><E I\Zl\i[X1 ` I\jg\kX cfj d`jdfj d}i$

^\e\j \e kf[fj cfj ]fc`fj% Gfi \a\dgcf# dXi^\e `qhl`\i[f# *#, Z\ekÂ&#x2C6;d\kifj# dXi^\e [\i\Z_f# )#,2 jlg\i`fi# + Z\ekÂ&#x2C6;d\kifj \ `e]\i`fi# *#,% ` DXiZX jXe^iÂ&#x2C6;Xj1 j\ kiXkX [\

[\aXi le g\hl\Â&#x152;f \jgXZ`f Xc Zfd\eqXi X \jZi`Y`i p kXd$ Y`Â&#x201E;e [\jglÂ&#x201E;j [\ ZX[X glekf p XgXik\% ` Lk`c`qX ]fc`fj [\ Yl\eX ZXc`$

[X[# \e Yl\e \jkX[f# c`dg`fj p \jZi`kfj jfcf gfi leX ZXiX% EleZX j\ [\Y\e \eki\^Xi kiX$ YXafj i\Xc`qX[fj jfYi\ _faXj XiiXeZX[Xj [\ ZlX[\iefj f YcfZj [\ efkXj% ` @eZfigfiX [`Ylafj# ]fkfj#

^i}Ă&#x201D;Zfj f \jhl\dXj j`\dgi\ hl\ k\ j\X gfj`Yc\%

<ogi\j`Â?e \jZi`kX Fikf^iX]Â&#x2C6;X I`hl\qX [\ mfZXYlcXi`f <jkilZkliX [\c Zfek\e`[f

Â&#x203A; I\jg\kX \c fi[\e j`ek}Zk`Zf jla\kf " m\iYf " Zfdgc\d\ekfj% Â&#x203A; Lk`c`qX cX mfq XZk`mX d\afi hl\ cX gXj`mX% Â&#x203A; <m`kX \jZi`Y`i ]iXj\j hl\ i\g`kXe cX d`jdX `[\X% <e ZlXekf X cX \jkilZkliX

Â&#x203A; :fejkilp\ Y`\e cfj g}iiX]fj k\e`\e[f \e Zl\ekX hl\ ZX[X lef [\ \ccfj [\Y\ Zfek\e\i le g\ejXd`\ekf f `[\X ^\e\iXc%

Â&#x203A; 8j\^Â&#x2019;iXk\ [\ hl\ cX \ogfj`Z`Â?e [\ Zfek\e`[fj j`^l\ le ^l`Â?e fi^Xe`qX[f# ZcXif p gi\Z`jf% :l`[X \c mfZXYlcXi`f

Â&#x203A; <jZf^\ gXcXYiXj ]Xd`c`Xi\j d\afi hl\ i\YljZX[Xj% Â&#x203A; JÂ&#x201E; d}j ZfeZ`jf p Zl`[X[fjf hl\ \e \c _XYcX Zfcfhl`Xc% Â&#x203A; <m`kX gXcXYiXj f \ogi\j`fe\j [\ `e[\Ă&#x201D;e`Z`Â?e Zfdf1 ZfjX# ZXZ_`mXZ_\# Xc^f XjÂ&#x2C6; Zfdf%%% Â&#x203A; ?Xq le \j]l\iqf gfi lk`c`qXi j`eÂ?e`dfj# \e m\q [\ i\g\k`i kf[f \c k`\dgf \c d`jdf kÂ&#x201E;id`ef% Â&#x203A; I\Zlii\ Xc [`ZZ`feXi`f% Â&#x203A; <dgc\X cfj j`^efj [\ gleklXZ`Â?e1 gXiÂ&#x201E;ek\j`j# \oZcXdXZ`fe\j# `ek\iif^XZ`fe\j# Zfd`ccXj%%% 8pl[Xe X

ÂśHl`\i\j jXY\i j` kl ]fidX [\ \jZi`Y`i k\ jlY\ f k\ YXaX cX efkX6 Gl\j mXcfiX cX ZXc`[X[ [\ kl \jZi`kliX# [\c ( Xc ,# \e \c j`^l`\ek\ ZlX[if% Kf[f cf hl\ YXa\ [\c *# k\ kiX\i} gif$ Yc\dXj%

C\^`Y`c`[X[ [\ cX c\kiX

g\if ef XYlj\j1 le`i Zfe `ej`jk\eZ`X fiXZ`fe\j Zfe ½pž p Zfe ½fž \j dlp ZXejX[f% KXdY`Â&#x201E;e gl\[\j i\Zlii`i Xc glekf f Xc glekf p ZfdX%

GlekÂ&#x2019;X j`e d`\[f

ÂśJ89<J <J:I@9@I6

8LKF<M8CL8:@äE

Â&#x203A; ?Xq ]iXj\j ZfikXj2 eleZX kXe cXi^Xj hl\ \c c\Zkfi j\ g`\i[X Xc c\\icXj% Â&#x203A; G\if kXdgfZf cXj _X^Xj kXe Yi\m\j Zfdf j` j\ kiXkXiX [\ le k\c\^iXdX1 ef j\ \ek\e[\iÂ&#x2C6;X \c Zfek\e`[f% Â&#x203A; Le\ cXj fiXZ`fe\j d\[`Xek\ ZfealeZ`fe\j p# g\if# Xlehl\# gXiX%%% p X[m\iY`fj X[\d}j# d`\ekiXj%%% #

GLEKL8:@äE

\ogi\jXi cXj `[\Xj p Xc d`jdf k`\dgf j`im\e gXiX _XZ\i gXljXj p [Xi i`kdf%

Â&#x203A; <jf jÂ&#x2C6;# gXiX ef d\k\i cX gXkX p gfe\i le glekf p ZfdX [fe[\ [\Y\iÂ&#x2C6;X `i le glekf p XgXik\ i\gXjX Xek\j cXj efidXj [\ lk`c`qXZ`Â?e%

¡<jX fikf^iX]Â&#x2C6;X

Â&#x203A; <m`kX cXj ]XckXj [\ fikf^iX]Â&#x2C6;X X kf[X ZfjkX# jfe kl g\fi ZXikX [\ gi\j\ekXZ`Â?e% Â&#x203A; 8lkfZfiiÂ&#x2C6;^\k\1 Ă&#x2021; gl\[\j _XZ\i le c`jkX[f Zfe klj ]XckXj d}j ]i\Zl\ek\j p kXZ_XicXj X d\[`[X hl\ cXj mXpXj jlg\iXe[f% Ă&#x2021; Zfg`X Zfe Xk\eZ`Â?e kifqfj [\ k\okf [\ Yl\efj Xlkfi\j%

Â&#x203A; I\c\\ cf hl\ \jZi`YXj# Zfdgil\YX p Zfii`^\% <e \c fi[\eX[fi# k\e XZk`mX[f \c Zfii\Zkfi fikf^i}Ă&#x201D;Zf% Â&#x203A; <e ZXjf [\ \d\i^\eZ`X# Zfdf \e le \oXd\e# j` [l[Xj [\ ZÂ?df j\ \jZi`Y\ cX gXcXYiX%%% ef k\ Xii`\$ ^l\j1 YljZX le j`eÂ?e`df%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:( )

ÓY^W

K Ze`ZXj [\ \jkl[`f (

3ILENCIO õAQU»õSEõTRABAJAõõ LeX XcldeX [\ *%² [\ <JF \jk} kldYX[X \e cX ZXdX c\p\e[f cX c\ZZ` e [\ JfZ`Xc\j [\ cX hl\ Xc [ X j`^l`\ek\ j\ mX X \oXd`eXi2 [\ ]fe[f jl\eX# X le Zfej`[\iXYc\ mfcld\e# le g\^X[`qf k\dX [\ <c :Xekf [\c CfZf2 \e cX k\c\# Xlehl\ ef j\ c\ _XZ\ dlZ_f ZXjf# \c ½ZXjk`e^¾ [\ ½Fg\iXZ` e Ki`le]f¾% P [\ i\g\ek\# leX ccXdX[X Xc d m`c% ½J # k X# cc\mf kf[X cX kXi[\ \jkl[`Xe[f# Zfdf ef Xgil\Y\# pf pX gXjf [\ cX Xj`^eXkliX \jkX%%%¾% CX \jZ\eX [\jZi`Y\ leX j`klX$ Z` e dlp ]i\Zl\ek\ \eki\ cfj Xcldefj# p ef jfcf [\ cX <JF# \e cX hl\ j\ _XZ\ \m`[\ek\ le \iifi [\ \jkiXk\^`X X cX _fiX [\ gfe\ij\ X \jkl[`Xi1 ]XccX \c Zl}e[f# \c [ e[\ p \c Z df \c [ X Xek\i`fi Xc \oXd\e# jfYi\ cX ZXdX p Zfe d ck`gc\j [`j$ kiXZZ`fe\j % <eZfekiXij\ X ^ljkf Zfe lef d`jdf p Zfe \c cl^Xi [fe[\ j\ mXe X Zfejld`i dlZ_Xj _fiXj [\ \jkl[`f \j \c gi`d\i gXjf gXiX Zfej\^l`i le Yl\e Xgi\e[`qXa\# g\if _Xp hl\ Zldgc`i Z`\ikXj Zfe[`Z`fe\j% Jfe \jkXj1

(% LeX Yl\eX ]fidX ] j`ZX ` ;\jZXejf1 [fid`i Xci\[\[fi

[\ / _fiXj p XZfjkXij\ ZX[X [ X X cX d`jdX _fiX% ` 8c`d\ekXZ` e1 \j e\Z\jXi`X

leX [`\kX mXi`X[X# i`ZX \e ] j$ ]fif# ZXcZ`f p m`kXd`eXj% ` <c \a\iZ`Z`f ] j`Zf# [\ ]fidX df[\iX[X p _XY`klXc# kXdY` e \j ]le[Xd\ekXc gXiX \jkXi \e ]fidX%

)% <c cl^Xi [\ \jkl[`f ` Le cl^Xi Ôaf p j`e il`[fj%

Ef \j Zfem\e`\ek\ \jkl[`Xi Zfe d j`ZX ZlXe[f cX kXi\X i\hl`\i\ dlZ_X ZfeZ\ekiX$ Z` e2 j`e \dYXi^f# gXiX fkiXj

XZk`m`[X[\j d}j d\Z}e`ZXj# Zfdf gXjXi Xglek\j X c`dg`f# leX d j`ZX jlXm\ gl\[\ `eZcl$ jf Xpl[Xi X \jkXi i\cXaX[f%

` CX k\dg\iXkliX `[\Xc \j [\

` LeX d\jX Xdgc`X p leX j`ccX

` <c ZlXikf [\ \jkl[`f k`\e\

Z df[X X leX XckliX gifgfi$ Z`feXc% Cfj g`\j [\Y\e [\jZXe$ jXi XgfpX[fj jfYi\ \c jl\cf2 cX gXik\ `e]\i`fi [\ cX \jgXc[X [\Y\ hl\[Xi Y`\e XgfpX[X \e \c i\jgXc[f [\ cX j`ccX% Gif_`Y`[Xj cXj \jgXc[Xj \eZfimX[Xj p cXj ZXY\qXj g\^X[Xj X cX d\jX%

hl\ \jkXi fo`^\eX[f% <c jfgfi ef kXi[X \e XgXi\Z\i ZlXe[f _Xp leX dXcX m\ek`cXZ` e% CXj Z clcXj [\c Z\i\Yif X^iX[\Z\e \c fo ^\ef% Gfi \jf \j leX Yl\eX `[\X \jkl[`Xi Zfe cX m\ekXeX Xc^f XY`\ikX j`\dgi\ hl\ j\X gfj`Yc\%

` LeX `cld`eXZ` e X[\ZlX$

*% Le gcXe [\ kiXYXaf

[X# hl\ j\ gl\[\ Zfej\^l`i Zfe leX YfdY`ccX Xqlc [\ -' mXk`fj%

` <cXYfiXi le _fiXi`f Ôaf# \j$

lefj )' 1 d\efj# k`\e\j ]i f p \jk}j `eZ df[f2 Zfe d}j ZXcfi# \ekiX \c jl\ f%

dXk\i`Xj% Le gi`d\i cf^if j\i} \dg\qXi X cX _fiX gi\m`jkX# e` le d`elkf [\jgl j% ` Fi^Xe`qXi \c k`\dgf [\ \j$

Zi`kf# \e \c hl\ j\ [`jki`YlpX \c k`\dgf [\ \jkl[`f j\^ e cXj

kl[`f Zfe le gcXe [\ kiXYXaf ZcXif# j\eZ`ccf p i\Xc`jkX1 cf `dgfikXek\ \j Zldgc`icf% <j k g`Zf hl\ X cfj \jkl[`Xek\j j\ c\j fZliiXe Z`\ekfj [\ \oZljXj# hl\ ef iXqfe\j# gXiX gfjgfe\i \c dfd\ekf [\ gfe\ij\ X \ccf% 8_ \j [fe[\ _Xp hl\ ZfeZ\e$ kiXi kf[fj cfj \j]l\iqfj# \e XaljkXij\ X cf gcXe`ÔZX[f%

<E 9I<M<

:( )

Ă&#x201C;Y^W FEDJ; 7 FHK;87

I\cc\eXi \c j`^l`\ek\ Zl\jk`feXi`f ef k\ cc\mXi} d}j [\ le d`elkf2 j`e \dYXi^f# \e XeXc`qXi klj i\jgl\j$ kXj [\Y\iÂ&#x2C6;Xj `em\ik`i Xc^f d}j [\ k`\dgf% Hl`q} [\jZlYiXj [Â?e[\ \jk} kl ]Xccf [\ \jkl[`Xek\ p hlÂ&#x201E; \j cf hl\ gl\[\j d\afiXi%

ÂśD< CC<>8 LE8 ?FI86 8lehl\ \c k`\dgf [\ \jkl[`f mX X [\g\e[\i [\ cXj Xgk`kl[\j g\ijfeXc\j# [\ cX ZXgXZ`[X[ [\ ZfeZ\ekiXZ`Â?e p [\c `ek\iÂ&#x201E;j hl\ j\ c\ gfe^X# \e ^\e\iXc j\ i\Zfd`\e[X1 ` ;\ + X - XÂ&#x152;fj# [\ (, X *' d`$ elkfj# * f + [Â&#x2C6;Xj X cX j\dXeX% ` ;\ . X () XÂ&#x152;fj# leX f [fj _fiXj [`Xi`Xj# , [Â&#x2C6;Xj X cX j\$ dXeX% ` ;\ (* X (/ XÂ&#x152;fj# \eki\ [fj

p ki\j _fiXj# , f - [Â&#x2C6;Xj X cX j\dXeX%

ÂśJ@IMF G8I8 <JKL;@8I6 :lXe[f leX g\ijfeX ef fYk`\$ e\ cfj i\jlckX[fj \jg\iX[fj \e jl i\e[`d`\ekf XZX[Â&#x201E;d`Zf cf gi`d\if hl\ j\ Zl\jk`feX \j jl ZXgXZ`[X[1 Âśj\im`iÂ&#x201E; gXiX \jkl[`Xi6 J`e \dYXi^f# cX \o$ g\i`\eZ`X efj [`Z\ hl\ \e cX dXpfiÂ&#x2C6;X [\ cfj ZXjfj \jkXj [`Ă&#x201D;$ ZlckX[\j j\ i\jl\cm\e Zfe leXj X[\ZlX[Xj kÂ&#x201E;Ze`ZXj [\ kiXYXaf `ek\c\ZklXc p lefj Yl\efj _}$ Y`kfj [\ \jkl[`f% Jfcf _Xp hl\ cc\mXicfj X cX gi}Zk`ZX%

JĂ

EF

(% Âś;l\id\j Xc d\efj fZ_f _fiXj [`Xi`Xj6 )% Âś?XZ\j kf[fj cfj [Â&#x2C6;Xj Xc d\efj Xc^f [\ \a\iZ`Z`f6 *% ÂśJ`^l\j leX [`\kX [\ Zfd`[Xj d}j f d\efj \hl`c`YiX[X Zfe m\i[liX p ]ilkXj `eZcl`[Xj 6 +% ÂśK`\e\j le cl^Xi Ă&#x201D;af gXiX \jkl[`Xi6 ,% Âś<jk} Xc\aX[f [\ il`[fj# k\c\m`j`Â?e p Zfem\ijXZ`fe\j6 -% ÂśK\ i\jlckX leX qfeX [\ kiXYXaf ZÂ?df[X6 .% Âś<jkl[`Xj kf[fj cfj [Â&#x2C6;Xj X cX d`jdX _fiX Xlehl\ ef k\e^Xj \o}d\e\j6 /% ÂśGcXe`Ă&#x201D;ZXj \c k`\dgf [\ \jkl[`f [`Xi`f6 0% ÂśI\Xc`qXj g\hl\Â&#x152;fj [\jZXejfj6 ('% ÂśDXiZXj cXj ]\Z_Xj [\ cfj \o}d\e\j p cX \eki\^X [\ kiXYXafj \e le ZXc\e[Xi`f6 ((% ÂśLk`c`qXj leX X^\e[X6 ()% ÂśJl\c\j XZXYXi \c kiXYXaf hl\ k\ gifgfe\j ZX[X [Â&#x2C6;X6

@ek\igi\kXZ`Â?e [\ cfj i\jlckX[fj1

Â&#x203A; D\efj [\ j\`j i\jgl\jkXj XĂ&#x201D;idXk`mXj1 <jk} ZcXif hl\ ½\c Zl}e[f p \c ZÂ?dfž k\ \jk} ]XccXe[f%

8lehl\ k\e^Xj le Yl\e dÂ&#x201E;kf[f [\ \jkl[`f# j` k\ gfe\j X _XZ\i cfj [\Y\i\j \eZ`dX [\ cX ZXdX# Zfe cX k\c\m`j`Â?e X kfg\ p j`e _XY\i [fid`[f cf jlĂ&#x201D;Z`\ek\%%% cf d}j gifYXYc\j \j hl\ XZXY\j [fid`kXe[f \eZ`dX [\c c`Yif% @ek\ekX Xld\ekXi \c eÂ&#x2019;d\if [\ jÂ&#x2C6;\j [\c Zl\jk`feXi`f \e cXj giÂ?o`dXj j\dXeXj1 fYj\imXi}j ZÂ?df kf[f k\ i\jlckX d}j ]}Z`c%

Â&#x203A; D}j [\ j\`j i\jgl\jkXj XĂ&#x201D;idXk`mXj1 <e_fiXYl\eX# \jk}j \e \c Yl\e ZXd`ef% Hl`q} gl\[Xj d\afiXi \e Xc^lefj Xjg\Zkfj# Zfdf \e \cXYfiXi le gcXe [\ kiXYXaf d}j XaljkX[f X cX i\Xc`[X[# j`e e\Z\j`[X[ [\ jfYi\ZXi^Xik\ [\ kiXYXaf cfj [Â&#x2C6;Xj gi\m`fj X cfj \o}d\e\j% <e kf[f ZXjf# pX k\ _XYi}j [X[f Zl\ekX [\ hl\ ZlXekf d\afi k\ fi^Xe`Z\j# d}j k`\dgf c`Yi\ k\ hl\[Xi} gXiX [\[`ZXicf X kf[Xj \jXj fkiXj ZfjXj hl\ ef k`\e\e eX[X hl\ m\i Zfe \c \jkl[`f%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:( *

ÓY^W

K Ze`ZXj [\ \jkl[`f )

%LõM·TODO õM»NIMOõESFUERZO õ M°XIMOõRESULTADO C\\i \c k\dX leX p fkiX m\q _XjkX hl\ j\ hl\[\ ÔaX[f \e cX d\dfi`X2 Zfg`Xi cX c\ZZ` e \e leX c`Yi\kX# glekf gfi glekf# Zfe cX \jg\iXeqX [\ hl\ Xj j\ Xgi\e[\i}2 c\\icf kf[f \e mfq XckX# d`\ekiXj j\ gXj\X gfi cX _XY`kXZ` e# p [\ gXjf j\ kiXjkfieXe cfj e\im`fj [\ cfj m\Z`efj [\ XYXaf%%% CXj \jkiXk\^`Xj gXiX \jkl[`Xi jfe dlZ_Xj p dlp mXi`X[Xj# g\if gfi jlgl\jkf ef kf[Xj jfe \]\Zk`mXj%

<e i\Xc`[X[# cXj ccXdX[Xj k Z$ e`ZXj [\ kiXYXaf `ek\c\ZklXc# d}j ZfefZ`[Xj Zfdf k Ze`ZXj [\ \jkl[`f# jfe leXj gfk\ek\j _\iiXd`\ekXj hl\ g\id`k\e Xgi\e[\i cf d}o`df gfj`Yc\ \e \c k`\dgf d e`df `e[`j$ g\ejXYc\ gXiX cf^iXicf% <jkX `[\X ef j\ cX XZXYXe [\ Zi\\i

cfj hl\ kf[Xm X ef cXj _Xe gifYX[f1 d}j Y`\e g`\ejXe hl\ \c _\Z_f [\ jlYiXpXi# \j$ hl\dXk`qXi f i\jld`i Zfdgc`ZX cXj ZfjXj p XcXi^X \c gifZ\jf% <e cX gi}Zk`ZX# jfe dlZ_fj cfj \jkl[`Xek\j [\ gi`dXi`X p <JF# gfi ef _XYcXi [\ cfj [\ YXZ_`cc\iXkf f `eZcljf [\ cX

le`m\ij`[X[# hl\ ef [fd`eXe le d kf[f \ÔZXq X cX _fiX [\ \e]i\ekXij\ X cXj kXi\Xj XZX[ $ d`ZXj% FaXc} j\X \jk\ \c Zlijf \e \c hl\ \jkfj \jZ gk`Zfj j\ Xe`d\e X [\jZlYi`icXj% Cfj hl\ \jk e [`jgl\jkfj gl\[\e gifYXi Zfe \jk\ j\eZ`ccf d $ kf[f [\ Z`eZf gXjfj# \e \c hl\ `i\dfj gif]le[`qXe[f X cf cXi^f [\ cXj gi o`dXj j\dXeXj%

Ef Yfii\j cf hl\ pX jXY\j Cfj i\gXjfj jfe ]le[Xd\ekX$ c\j gXiX gXjXi cfj el\mfj [Xkfj [\j[\ cX d\dfi`X X Zfikf gcXqf _XjkX cX d\dfi`X X cXi^f gcXqf# [fe[\ hl\[Xi}e ÔaX[fj gfi le k`\dgf% J`e \dYXi^f# _Xp leX j`klXZ` e \e cX hl\ ef [\Y\j i\gXjXi1 aljkf cXj _fiXj Xek\j [\c \oXd\e% 8c dXi^\e [\ hl\ cfj e\im`fj p cX Xej`\[X[ [`Ô$ ZlckXe cX i\k\eZ` e# cfj el\mfj ZfeZ\gkfj i\gXjX[fj gl\[\e `ek\i]\i`i Zfe cfj pX d\dfi`$ qX[fj# [Xe[f cl^Xi Xc g\c`^ifjf p k\d`[f \]\Zkf YfiiX[f%

<E 9I<M< 8C>LE8J GI<:8L:@FE<J 8lehl\ _XpXj \jkX[f kf[X cX kXi[\ \jkl[`Xe[f \e kl _XY`kX$ Z`Â?e# Xc [Â&#x2C6;X j`^l`\ek\ ef k\ mXj X XZfi[Xi [\ eX[X j`1

:( *

Ă&#x201C;Y^W ;B CxJE:E ;IJH;BB7

J` _fp \jk}j [\Z`[`[f X gifYXi le el\mf dÂ&#x201E;kf[f [\ \jkl[`f# gfek\ \e dXiZ_X% <jk}j pX j\ekX[f \e kl d\jX [\ kiXYXaf# Zfe kf[f \c `ejkild\ekXc [\cXek\ p \c c`Yif XY`\ikf gfi cX c\ZZ`Â?e eÂ&#x2019;d\if lef% ÂśGfi [Â?e[\ \dg\qXi6 Gl\j gfi \c gi`eZ`g`f# ZcXif1 ( C\ZkliX i}g`[X [\c k\dX% <jk\ gi`d\i gXjf k\ j\im`i} gXiX jXY\i [\ hlÂ&#x201E; mX cX dXk\i`X [\ \jkl[`f

p gXiX ZXcZlcXi \c k`\dgf p \c \j]l\iqf hl\ e\Z\j`kXi}j `em\ik`i j\^Â&#x2019;e jl \ok\ej`Â?e# [`Ă&#x201D;ZlckX[ [\c mfZXYlcXi`f f ]Xd`c`Xi`[X[ [\ cfj Zfek\e`[fj % Kf[XmÂ&#x2C6;X ef k\ cXeZ\j X jlYiXpXi# pX hl\ k\ Xii`\j^Xj X _XZ\icf dXc p X i\kiXjXi# gfi kXekf# kf[f \c gifZ\jf% KÂ&#x2019; jÂ?cf ½Â&#x201E;Z_Xc\ le fafž p hlÂ&#x201E;[Xk\ Zfe cXj `[\Xj ^\e\iXc\j%

` d\dfi`qXj j`e Zfdgi\e[\i

) C\ZkliX Zfdgi\ej`mX p jlYiXpX[f% LeX m\q hl\ pX _Xj ZXgkX[f cXj `[\Xj ^\e\iXc\j [\ cX c\ZZ`Â?e# \j

` k\ ]XckX Xk\eZ`Â?e p ZfeZ\e$

\c dfd\ekf [\ _XZ\i leX c\ZkliX d}j gif]le[X hl\ k\ g\id`kX X_fiX jÂ&#x2C6; `i jlYiXpXe[f cfj ZfeZ\g$ kfj ]le[Xd\ekXc\j% <jk\ jlYiXpX[f [\Y\ `eZcl`i1

kiXZ`Â?e ` ef j`^l\j le dÂ&#x201E;kf[f [\

\jkl[`f ` k\ _Xj fcm`[X[f [\ i\gXjXi ` ef _Xj Zfe\ZkX[f \jX el\mX

`e]fidXZ`Â?e Zfe cf hl\ pX jXYÂ&#x2C6;Xj ` k`\e\j cX k\c\m`j`Â?e X kf[f

mfcld\e ` _XYcXj ZX[X [fj gfi ki\j gfi \c k\cÂ&#x201E;]fef dÂ?m`c ` \jk}j \oZ\j`mXd\ek\ e\i$

m`fjf%

Â&#x203A; Cfj kÂ&#x2C6;klcfj# \gÂ&#x2C6;^iX]\j p XgXikX[fj ^\e\iXc\j% Â&#x203A; CXj `[\Xj gi`eZ`gXc\j p cXj j\Zle[Xi`Xj gl\[\j lk`c`qXi \c Zfcfi ifaf gXiX cXj gi`d\iXj p \c Xqlc gXiX cXj j\^le[Xj# gfi \a\dgcf %

Â&#x203A; Cfj [\kXcc\j `dgfikXek\j% Â&#x203A; Cfj efdYi\j# cfj [Xkfj p cXj ]\Z_Xj i\c\mXek\j% Le Yl\e jlYiXpX[f k\ k`\e\ hl\ g\id`k`i# jfcf Zfe jl c\ZkliX# ZXgkXi \c j`^e`Ă&#x201D;ZX[f [\ kf[f \c k\okf% * <cXYfiXZ`Â?e [\c \jhl\dX [\c k\dX% J` _Xj _\Z_f Y`\e \c gXjf Xek\i`fi# \jk\ k\ jXc[i} jfcf# pX hl\

\c \jhl\dX \j cX Xgc`ZXZ`Â?e ^i}Ă&#x201D;ZX [\ cf jlYiXpX[f% J\ kiXkX [\ hl\ i\jldXj# [\ ]fidX \jkilZkliX[X p cÂ?^`ZX# cXj `[\Xj gi`eZ`gXc\j p j\Zle[Xi`Xj hl\ pX k`\e\j [\jkXZX[Xj% <jk\ ½\jhl\c\kfž k\ X_fiiXi} dlZ_f k`\dgf p \j]l\iqf X cX _fiX [\ Xj`d`cXi cfj k\[`fjfj c`Yifj [\ k\okf% G\if [\Y\j Xj\^liXik\ [\ hl\ ZldgcX \jkXj Zfe[`Z`fe\j1

Â&#x203A; J\i Yi\m\ p ]XZ`c`kXi cX Zfdgi\ej`Â?e% Â&#x203A; Lk`c`qXi c\e^lXa\ k\c\^i}Ă&#x201D;Zf% Â&#x203A; J\^l`i le fi[\e cÂ?^`Zf \e cX gi\j\ekXZ`Â?e [\ cXj `[\Xj% Â&#x203A; =XZ`c`kXi leX m`j`Â?e i}g`[X# ^cfYXc p a\iXihl`qX[X [\c k\dX% + D\dfi`qXZ`Â?e% 8 \jkXj XckliXj pX ZfefZ\j Y`\e cX \jkilZkliX [\c k\dX# g\if k\ ]XckX i\k\e\i cXj `[\Xj

gi`eZ`gXc\j p j\Zle[Xi`Xj \e cX d\dfi`X% :fe \c \jhl\dX [\cXek\# \jkX kXi\X \j dlZ_f d}j j\eZ`ccX% ;\Y\j c\\icf ki\j f ZlXkif m\Z\j# `ek\ekXe[f Zfe\ZkXicf Zfe cf hl\ pX jXY\j# i\Zlii`\e[f X kÂ&#x201E;Ze`ZXj [\ XjfZ`XZ`Â?e f X `d}^\e\j d\ekXc\j% KXdY`Â&#x201E;e gl\[\j i\Zlii`i X cXj i\^cXj de\dfkÂ&#x201E;Ze`ZXj# \e cXj hl\ gif]le[`qXi\dfj cXj giÂ?o`dXj j\dXeXj% , I\gXjf% <j \c ^iXe j\Zi\kf gXiX clZ_Xi ZfekiX \c fcm`[f% ;\ _\Z_f# j` ef cc\^Xj X \jk\ Â&#x2019;ck`df glekf ef

k\ j\im`i}e gXiX eX[X cfj gXjfj Xek\i`fi\j1 <YY`e^_Xljj pX [\dfjkiÂ? hl\ cX dXpfi gXik\ [\ cf hl\ j\ Xgi\e[\ j\ fcm`[X \e cXj gi`d\iXj )+ _fiXj% P X cf cXi^f [\ cfj j`\k\ [Â&#x2C6;Xj j`^l`\ek\j j\ j`^l\ fcm`[Xe[f dlZ_f% 8jÂ&#x2C6; hl\ Zl\ekX Zfe hl\# j` ef i\gXjXj# ef k\ mXj X XZfi[Xi [\ eX[X% <jX \j cX iXqÂ?e gfi cX hl\ \c gXjf Xek\i`fi p \jk\ [\Y\e `i alekfj1 [\jglÂ&#x201E;j [\ i\gXjXi# i\Zl\i[X cf hl\ _Xj d\dfi`qX[f gXiX ZfejkXkXi cf hl\ jXY\j p cf hl\ ef% <c eÂ&#x2019;d\if [\ i\gXjfj mX X [\g\e[\i [\ cX gifo`d`[X[ f c\aXeÂ&#x2C6;X [\c \oXd\e% J` _Xj i\Xc`qX[f Y`\e cfj Z`eZf gXjfj# X \jkXj XckliXj pX k\ [\Y\j [\ jXY\i cX c\ZZ`Â?e# XjÂ&#x2C6; hl\ pX gl\[\j [\[`ZXik\ X fkiX ZfjXÂż DXÂ&#x152;XeX# ZlXe[f k\ gi\^lek\e# jXYi}j Zfek\jkXi Zfe j\^li`[X[1 \c \jhl\dX pX \jk} ^iXYX[f \e kl ZXY\qX%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:( +

ÓY^W

K Ze`ZXj [\ \jkl[`f *

%LõSUBRAYADO õAõLAõCAZAõDEõLASõIDEAS P k %%% ¶jXY\j jlYiXpXi6 Gl\j ZcXif# j` \j dlp ]}Z`c% <j cX k Ze`ZX d}j ]XdfjX \eki\ cfj \jkl[`Xek\j# Xj hl\ kf[fj Zi\\e ZfefZ\icX p Xgc`ZXicX Zfii\ZkXd\ek\% G\if dlZ_fj \jk}e \hl`mfZX[fj% JlYiXpXi \j Xc^f d}j hl\ kiXqXi leX j\i`\ [\ iXpXj [\ Zfcfi\j Z_`ccfe\j \e cfj c`Yifj [\ k\okf1 \j leX k Ze`ZX XZk`mX [\ \jkl[`f hl\ j`im\ gXiX fi^Xe`qXi cX `e]fidXZ` e [\ leX dXe\iX g\ijfeXc`qX[X% Gfi \jf ef k`\e\ dlZ_f j\ek`[f \jkl[`Xi \c k\okf jlYiXpX[f gfi fkiX g\ijfeX e` kXdgfZf _XZ\i iXpXj X cf cfZf gXiX hl\ gXi\qZX hl\ cX c\ZZ` e \jk} kiXYXaX[X%

<e k\fi X \c gifZ\jf \j j\e$ Z`ccf1 j\ kiXkX [\ cfZXc`qXi cXj `[\Xj gi`eZ`gXc\j p cXj j\Zle[Xi`Xj p i\jXckXicXj Zfe [`]\i\ek\j Zfcfi\j f [`jk`ekfj Z [`^fj% ?XjkX X_ # Y`\e% G\if X[\d}j# gXiX hl\ cX k Ze`ZX j\X \]\Zk`mX# _Xp hl\ j\^l`i leXj gXlkXj1 ` Ef _Xp hl\ jlYiXpXi eleZX

\e cX gi`d\iX c\ZkliX# pX hl\ j\ Zfii\ \c i`\j^f [\ _XZ\icf dXc%

P gfi fkif cX[f# ¶Z df Xgi\e$ [\i X [`jk`e^l`i cf `dgfikXek\ [\ cf j\Zle[Xi`f6 8c gi`eZ`g`f ef \j ]}Z`c# g\if Zfe Xc^f [\ gi}Zk`ZX i\jlckX d}j j\eZ`ccf% M\Xdfj cXj [`]\i\eZ`Xj%

` Gfi j d`jdX# cX `[\X j\$

8% CX `[\X gi`eZ`gXc ` <ogi\jX cX XÔidXZ` e d}j

^\e\iXc2 \j [\Z`i# cX hl\ [X j\ek`[f Xc i\jkf [\ cXj `[\Xj [\c g}iiX]f% ` I\Zf^\ cf d}j `dgfikXek\ \

` KXdgfZf \j Zfem\e`\ek\ [\j$

kXZXi eX[X hl\ ef j\ \ek`\e[X1 j\ [\Y\ k\e\i le [`ZZ`feXi`f X dXef p ZfejlckXicf ZlXe[f j\X e\Z\jXi`f% ` <c k\okf jlYiXpX[f [\Y\

k\e\i j\ek`[f gfi j d`jdf# Xlehl\ ef i\jlck\ ^iXdXk`$ ZXcd\ek\ Zfii\Zkf%

`dgi\jZ`e[`Yc\1 j` j\ jlgi`d\ \jkX `[\X# \c g}iiX]f hl\[X j`e j\ek`[f% ` 8[\d}j# \c g}iiX]f hl\ i\Zf^\

cX `[\X gi`eZ`gXc [\c XgXikX[f \j \c hl\ d\afi i\jgfe[\ Xc k klcf f \eleZ`X[f% ` 8 m\Z\j# [\k\id`eX[Xj \ogi\$

i\j Zfe Xc^f [\ i`^fi1 j` jfe [\dXj`X[fj# \c i\jlckX[f \j g\efjf%

j`fe\j efj [Xe cX g`jkX gXiX ZXg$ kXi cX `[\X gi`eZ`gXc% Gfi \a\d$ gcf1 ½<e i\jld\e%%%¾# ½?Xp hl\ [\jkXZXi%%%¾# ½Cf gi`eZ`gXc%%%¾ f ½<e [\Ôe`k`mX%%%¾%

` LeX ZfjX \j jlYiXpXi p fkiX

9% CX `[\X j\Zle[Xi`X

dlp [`jk`ekX kXZ_Xi1 cXj iXpXj YXaf \c k\okf f jfYi\ c ef gl\[\e [`ÔZlckXi cX c\ZkliX# j`ef kf[f cf ZfekiXi`f% GXiX cfj hl\ k`\e\e dXc glcjf# cX i\^cX \j leX fgZ` e%

` <ogc`ZX p [\jXiifccX \c Zfek\$

` ?Xp hl\ lk`c`qXi cfj Zfcf$

qXZ`fe\j hl\ Zfdgc\d\ekXe cX `[\X gi`eZ`gXc2 g\if \jkX `e]fidXZ` e X dXpfi\j# j` [\$ jXgXi\Z\# ef X]\ZkX Xc j\ek`[f [\c g}iiX]f%

e`[f [\ cX `[\X gi`eZ`gXc ` F]i\Z\ [Xkfj XZZ\jf$

i`fj# [\kXcc\j# \a\dgcfj# dXk`Z\j p gleklXc`$

Zle[Xi`X k`\e\ gfZf j\ek`[f2 [\g\e[\ [\ cX gi`eZ`gXc1 <e \jk\ gifZ\jf [\ ZcXj`ÔZX$ Z` e [\ cX `e]fidXZ` e _Xp hl\ gfe\i \jg\Z`Xc Zl`[X[f pX hl\ [\c jlYiXpX[f [\$ g\e[\i}e cfj j`^l`\ek\j

gXjfj [\c d kf[f [\ \jkl[`f1 \jhl\dX# d\dfi`qXZ` e p i\$ gXjf% J` j\ d\k\ cX gXkX X_fiX# j\i} [`] Z`c jXZXicX%%%

:( +

Ă&#x201C;Y^W KD I;D9?BBE ;@;H9?9?E

<E 9I<M<

8kiÂ&#x201E;m\k\ X jlYiXpXi \c j`^l`\ek\ k\okf lk`c`qXe[f [fj Zfcfi\j1 lef# gXiX cXj `[\Xj gi`eZ`gXc\j p fkif gXiX cXj j\Zle[Xi`Xj% KXdY`Â&#x201E;e gl\[\j lk`c`qXi j`^efj ^i}Ă&#x201D;Zfj gXiX i\jXckXi cfj [Xkfj d}j `dgfikXek\j%

;@<Q I8QFE<J ;< G<JF

Â&#x203A; <c jlYiXpX[f c`e\Xc Zfej`jk\ \e kiXqXi cÂ&#x2C6;e\Xj gfi [\YXaf [\ cXj gXcXYiXj# f Y`\e gfi \eZ`dX [\ \ccXj

8hlÂ&#x2C6; k`\e\j Xc^lefj dfk`mfj gXiX Zfem\eZ\i X cfj \jZÂ&#x201E;g$ k`Zfj [\ cX `dgfikXeZ`X [\ jlYiXpXi1

(% Dfk`mX gXiX \jkl[`Xi )% :\ekiX cX Xk\eZ`Â?e *% Fgk`d`qX \c \jkl[`f +% 8ld\ekX cX Zfdgi\ej`Â?e c\ZkfiX

,% 8pl[X X [`jZi`d`eXi cXj `[\Xj

\e ZXjf [\ hl\ j\ i\Xc`Z\ Zfe ifklcX[fi Ă&#x2022;lfi\jZ\ek\# Zfe \c fYa\k`mf [\ [\jkXZXi cXj `[\Xj gi`eZ`gX$ c\j p cXj `[\Xj j\Zle[Xi`Xj% GXiX \jkX kXi\X# \j i\Zfd\e[XYc\ lk`c`qXi jfcf [fj Zfcfi\j# lef gfi ZX[X k`gf [\ `[\X# pX hl\ le \oZ\jf [\ Zfcfi`[f jfcf j`im\ gXiX [\jZ\ekiXi cX Xk\eZ`Â?e [\c \jkl[`Xek\% J` j\ fgkX gfi lk`c`qXi le jfcf Zfcfi j\ gl\[\ lk`c`qXi \c jlYiXpX[f [fYc\ gXiX cXj `[\Xj gi`eZ`gXc\j p \c j\eZ`ccf gXiX cXj j\Zle[Xi`Xj% GXiX cfj \a\dgcfj p XeÂ&#x201E;Z[fkXj j\ gl\[\ i\Zlii`i X cX cÂ&#x2C6;e\X [`jZfek`elX%

Â&#x203A; <c jlYiXpX[f \jkilZkliXc Zfej`jk\ \e [\jkXZXi cX \jkilZkliX l fi^Xe`qXZ`Â?e `ek\ieX hl\ gfj\\ \c

k\okf X kiXmÂ&#x201E;j [\ XefkXZ`fe\j \e jl dXi^\e `qhl`\i[f% Jl\c\e Zfej`jk`i \e eÂ&#x2019;d\ifj (%(# (%)# (%*%%% # c\kiXj 8# 9# :%%% # Ă&#x2022;\Z_Xj f Yi\m\j XefkXZ`fe\j% <j \jg\Z`Xcd\ek\ Â&#x2019;k`c gXiX cX gfjk\i`fi \cXYfiXZ`Â?e [\c \jhl\dX p j\ gl\[\ Zfdgc\d\ekXi Zfe \c jlYiXpX[f c`e\Xc%

Â&#x203A; <c jlYiXpX[f [\ i\XcZ\1 X[\d}j [\c jlYiXpX[f Zc}j`Zf# lk`c`qX cfj j`^efj ^i}Ă&#x201D;Zfj gXiX [\jkXZXi cfj [Xkfj i\c\mXek\j% Gfi \a\dgcf# leX cÂ&#x2C6;e\X m\ik`ZXc \e \c dXi^\e `qhl`\i[f `e[`ZX hl\ kf[f \c g}iiX]f \j `dgfikXek\2 ZfdY`eX[f Zfe leX `ek\iif^XZ`Â?e j`^e`Ă&#x201D;ZX hl\ ef j\ \ek`\e[\# p Zfe leX \hl`j dX$ pÂ&#x2019;jZlcX# hl\ ef `ek\i\jX f hl\ cfj [Xkfj \jk}e \hl`mfZX[fj% Cfj Xjk\i`jZfj# cXj \oZcXdXZ`fe\j f cXj Ă&#x2022;\Z_Xj gl\[\e ]fidXi gXik\ [\ \jk\ ZÂ?[`^f gXiX \c \jkl[`f# hl\ \e kf[f ZXjf ZX[X \jkl[`Xek\ [\Y\ g\ijfeXc`qXi%

d}j `dgfikXek\j

-% <a\iZ`kX cX ZXgXZ`[X[ [\ Xe}$ c`j`j p [\ jÂ&#x2C6;ek\j`j

.% =Xmfi\Z\ cX i\k\eZ`Â?e [\ `e$ ]fidXZ`Â?e

/% <Zfefd`qX \c k`\dgf [\ \j$ kl[`f

0% J`dgc`Ă&#x201D;ZX cX i\Xc`qXZ`Â?e [\ \jhl\dXj p i\jÂ&#x2019;d\e\j

('% =XZ`c`kX cfj i\gXjfj :FDGI<E;< CF HL< C<<J <c XZkf [\ jlYiXpXi \j j`dlck}$ e\f Xc [\ i\Xc`qXi leX c\ZkliX Zfdgi\ej`mX# hl\ \j cX hl\ j\ Ă&#x201D;aX ef \e cXj gXcXYiXj# j`ef \e cXj ]iXj\j p \e jl j`^e`Ă&#x201D;ZX[f% <c gifYc\dX \j hl\ Zfdgi\e[\i cf hl\ j\ c\\ ef j`\dgi\ \j gfj`Yc\# p \jkX j`klXZ`Â?e \eki\ cfj \jkl[`Xek\j [\ cX \[lZXZ`Â?e fYc`^Xkfi`X j\ jl\c\ [\Y\i X ki\j ]XZkfi\j1 \jZXj\q [\ mfZXYl$ cXi`f# ]XckX [\ ZfeZ\ekiXZ`Â?e p c\ZkliX gXj`mX \e cX hl\ e` j\ jlYiXpX e` j\ ZfejlckXe cXj gXcXYiXj [\jZfefZ`[Xj %

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:( ,

ÓY^W

K Ze`ZXj [\ \jkl[`f +

,OSõESQUEMAS õPALABRAS õLASõJUSTAS ½B;8DFJ EC 98I ; JGI< /?# M8DJ K;J K9 I@:?@%9JFJ 1 ¾ ¶JXY\j \em`Xi le d\ejXa\ JDJ X kiXm j [\ kl k\c ]fef d m`c6 <e_fiXYl\eX# pX jXY\j cf hl\ \j j`ek\k`qXi% 8_fiX jfcf k\ _XZ\ ]XckX kiX[lZ`i X \jk\ c\e^lXa\ cXj `[\Xj hl\ pX _Xj jlYiXpX[f \e \c k\okf hl\ k`\e\j hl\ jXY\ik\ gXiX dX XeX% J` Zfej`^l\j _XZ\icf [\ ]fidX \jkilZkliX[X p fi^Xe`qX[X# pX _XYi}j Xgi\e[`[f X \jhl\dXk`qXi%

J`^l\ \jkXj fi`\ekXZ`fe\j1 ` <dg`\qX gfi gfe\i \c k klcf

\e cX gXik\ jlg\i`fi [\ cX _faX# d\afi \e dXp jZlcXj p Y`\e [\jkXZX[f%

` ?Xq le \j]l\iqf gXiX hl\ cX

gi\j\ekXZ` e j\X ZcXiX p c`d$ g`X% <j gi\]\i`Yc\ hl\ j\ m\X YXjkXek\ \jgXZ`f \e YcXeZf# j`e \jZi`Y`i# hl\ Xgifm\Z_Xicf Xc d}o`df p [Xi j\ejXZ` e [\ [\jfi[\e%

` I\Zl\i[X hl\ cX \jkilZkliX

\j\eZ`Xc [\c \jhl\dX [\Y\ `e$ Zcl`i XgXikX[fj gXiX cXj `[\Xj gi`eZ`gXc\j# `[\Xj j\Zle[Xi`Xj# [\kXcc\j p dXk`Z\j% ` <c ccXdX[f jXe^iX[f [\c

k\okf f dXi^\e hl\ [\a\j gXiX ZX[X ]iXj\ `e[`ZX cX `d$ gfikXeZ`X [\ cX `[\X \ogl\jkX1 ZlXekf d}j X cX `qhl`\i[X \jk # d}j i\c\mXek\ j\i}2 p d\efj `dgfikXek\ ZlXekf d}j j\ [\jgcXZ\ \c jXe^iX[f _XZ`X cX [\i\Z_X% ` K\e gi\j\ek\ hl\ j\ kiXkX [\

hl\[Xij\ Zfe cf \j\eZ`Xc [\c k\dX1 \jZi`Y\ \c d\efi e d\if gfj`Yc\ [\ gXcXYiXj% ` CXj ]iXj\j [\Y\e j\i ZfikXj

p ZfeZ`jXj% CX i\[XZZ` e [\Y\ hl\[Xi ZXj` Zfdf le k\c\^iXdX% ` Ef fYjkXek\# p X g\jXi

[\ cX Yi\m\[X[ [\c \jhl\$ dX# \jk\ k`\e\ hl\ `eZcl`i kf[Xj cXj gXcXYiXj ZcXm\ p ZfeZ\gkfj `dgfikXek\j hl\ gi\m`Xd\ek\ _Xj jlYiXpX[f \e \c k\okf fi`^`eXc%

` LeX m\q XZXYX[f# Zfdgil\$

YX hl\ _Xj i\Zf^`[f kf[Xj cXj `[\Xj gi`eZ`gXc\j p hl\ \jkXj \jk}e Y`\e fi^Xe`qX[Xj gfi fi[\e [\ `dgfikXeZ`X f [\ i\cXZ` e% ` <j i\Zfd\e[XYc\

hl\ cXj _faXj Zfe cfj \jhl\dXj cfj gl\$ [Xj XiZ_`mXi Zfe Xe`ccXj f ]le[Xj kiXejgXi\ek\j% J` \jkf ef \j gfj`Yc\# Xc d\efj Xj\^ iXk\ [\ hl\ ZX[X _faX \jk g\i$ ]\ZkXd\ek\ eld\iX[X%

J` _Xj cc\^X[f _XjkX Xhl # pX k`\$ e\j _\Z_f cf d}j [`] Z`c% 8_fiX jfcf k\ hl\[X d\dfi`qXi p i\$ gXjXi# g\if [\ \jf _XYcXi\dfj cX j\dXeX hl\ m`\e\%%%

<E 9I<M< GI<:@J@äE P 9I<M<;8; <jkXj jfe Xc^leXj [\ cXj m\e$ kXaXj hl\ jlgfe\ i\Zlii`i X cX \cXYfiXZ`�e [\ \jhl\dXj X cX _fiX [\ gfe\ij\ X \jkl[`Xi1

(% <j leX kÂ&#x201E;Ze`ZX XZk`mX hl\# Xc dXek\e\i fZlgX[f Xc Xcldef# Xld\ekX jl `ek\iÂ&#x201E;j p ZfeZ\e$ kiXZ`Â?e%

)% <jkilZklZkliX [\ ]fidX cÂ?^`$ ZX cXj `[\Xj [\c k\dX# gfi cf hl\ ]XZ`c`kX cX Zfdgi\ej`Â?e1 cf hl\ ef j\ \ek`\e[\# ef j\ hl\[X \e cX d\dfi`qX%

*% @dgc`ZX gfe\i \e dXiZ_X cX d\dfi`X m`jlXc# p gfi kXekf ]XZ`c`kX \c Xgi\e[`qXa\1 \j d}j ]}Z`c i\Zfi[Xi le \jhl\dX hl\ kf[f le k\dX%

+% G\id`k\ ZXgkXi [\ le jfcf ^fcg\ [\ m`jkX \c \jhl\c\kf [\ cX `e]fidXZ`Â?e# cf hl\ jlgfe\ le `dgfikXek\ X_fiif [\ k`\dgf X cX _fiX [\ d\dfi`qXi%

:( ,

Ă&#x201C;Y^W

;IGK;C7I F7H7 >79;H KD7 IĂ&#x;DJ;I?I 8kiÂ&#x201E;m\k\ X j`ek\k`qXi \c j`^l`\ek\ k\okf lk`c`qXe[f kÂ&#x201E;Ze`ZXj [`jk`ekXj1 \jhl\dX [\ ccXm\j# \jhl\dX eldÂ&#x201E;$ i`Zf# \jhl\dX [\ c\kiXj p \jhl\dX d`okf% I\Zl\i[X hl\ gXiX j`dgc`Ă&#x201D;ZXi \jkX kXi\X [\Y\j jlYiXpXi Xek\j cXj `[\Xj ]le[Xd\ekXc\j%

Â&#x203A; <c \jhl\dX [\ ccXm\j \j \c d}j ZfefZ`[f p lef [\ cfj d}j ljX[fj \eki\ cfj \jkl[`Xek\j% <c kÂ&#x2C6;klcf

j\ j`kÂ&#x2019;X \e cX qfeX Z\ekiXc `qhl`\i[X [\ cX _faX# p X gXik`i [\ Â&#x201E;c j\ [\j^cfjXe cXj `[\Xj gi`eZ`gXc\j p j\Zle[Xi`Xj \jkilZkliX[Xj Zfe ccXm\j r % <jk\ k`gf [\ \jhl\dX k`\e\ cX m\ekXaX [\ hl\ \j \c d}j ^i}$ Ă&#x201D;Zf [\ kf[fj p Zfe \c hl\ d\afi ]leZ`feX cX d\dfi`X m`jlXc% Jl gi`eZ`gXc [\jm\ekXaX \j hl\ \c k\okf# j` _Xp dlZ_Xj jlY[`m`j`fe\j# j\ ZfeZ\ekiX \e cX gXik\ [\ cX [\i\Z_X# [Xe[f cX j\ejXZ`Â?e [\ hl\[Xi Zfdgi`d`[f%

Â&#x203A; <c \jhl\dX eldÂ&#x201E;i`Zf Zfej`jk\ \e cX fi[\eXZ`Â?e [\ cXj `[\Xj [\c k\dX d\[`Xek\ eÂ&#x2019;d\ifj% GXiX cX

gi`d\iX [`m`j`Â?e# cX [\ cXj `[\Xj gi`eZ`gXc\j# j\ lk`c`qX cX ZcXj`Ă&#x201D;ZXZ`Â?e j\eZ`ccX (# )# *%%% % GXiX cXj `[\Xj j\Zle[Xi`Xj# cfj eÂ&#x2019;d\ifj j\ j\gXiXe Zfe le glekf (%(# (%)# (%*%%% % GXiX cfj [\kXcc\j# j\ lk`c`qX (%(%(# (%(%)# (%(%*%%% J` \j e\Z\jXi`f j\^l`i _XZ`\e[f d}j jlY[`m`j`fe\j# \j d\afi i\eleZ`Xi X d}j eld\iX$ Z`fe\j# pX hl\ \c gifZ\[`d`\ekf gl\[\ i\jlckXi dlp \e^fiifjf% Gi\j\ekX cX m\ekXaX [\ hl\ \j dlp gi\Z`jf \e cXj [`m`j`fe\j p jlY[`m`j`fe\j# g\if k`\e\ \c `eZfem\e`\ek\ [\ j\i dlp dfeÂ?kfef p _Xp hl\ Ă&#x201D;aXij\ dlZ_f gXiX ef \hl`mfZXij\% <j Â&#x2019;k`c gXiX kiXYXafj Z`\ekÂ&#x2C6;Ă&#x201D;Zfj f Â&#x2C6;e[`Z\j [\ c`Yifj2 g\if ef \j \c d}j i\Zfd\e[XYc\ gXiX \c i\gXjf p cX d\dfi`qXZ`Â?e%

Â&#x203A; <c \jhl\dX [\ c\kiXj \j j`d`cXi Xc eldÂ&#x201E;i`Zf# p lk`c`qX cXj c\kiXj dXpÂ&#x2019;jZlcXj p d`eÂ&#x2019;jZlcXj gXiX fi^X$ e`qXi cXj `[\Xj gi`eZ`gXc\j 8# 9# :%%% # j\Zle[Xi`Xj X# Y# Z%%% # [\kXcc\j X # Y # Z %%% p dXk`Z\j &X&# &Y&# &Z&%% % <jkX ZcXj`Ă&#x201D;ZXZ`Â?e ef \j kXe \e^fiifjX Zfdf cX eldÂ&#x201E;i`ZX# g\if kXdY`Â&#x201E;e \o`^\ Xk\eZ`Â?e gXiX mXcfiXi cX \jkilZkliX [\ cXj `[\Xj%

Â&#x203A; <c \jhl\dX d`okf# gfi Â&#x2019;ck`df# j\ ZXiXZk\i`qX gfihl\ d\qZcX cfj eÂ&#x2019;d\ifj ifdXefj @# @@# @@@%%% # cfj

Xi}Y`Zfj (# )# *%%% # cXj c\kiXj dXpÂ&#x2019;jZlcXj 8# 9# :%%% p cXj d`eÂ&#x2019;jZlcXj X# Y# Z%%% gXiX cXj [`jk`ekXj jlY[`m`j`fe\j j\^Â&#x2019;e jl fi[\e [\ `dgfikXeZ`X% KXdY`Â&#x201E;e \jk} cX df[Xc`[X[ j`dgc`Ă&#x201D;ZX[X# hl\ lk`c`qX ^l`fe\j p Xjk\i`jZfj gXiX a\iXihl`qXi cfj ZfeZ\gkfj% <jk\ k`gf [\ \jhl\dX i\Â&#x2019;e\ cXj m\ekXaXj [\ cfj Xek\i`fi\j p# X[\d}j [\ j\i d\efj dfeÂ?kfef# \m`kX cX dXpfiÂ&#x2C6;X [\ jlj [\]\Zkfj%

,% <o`^\ gfe\i \e gi}Zk`ZX cXj mXc`fjXj ZXgXZ`[X[\j [\ XeXc`$ qXi p j`ek\k`qXi% -% =XZ`c`kX \c Xgi\e[`qXa\# pX hl\ \c _\Z_f [\ kiXYXaXi cX `e]fidXZ`Â?e p fi^Xe`qXi cXj `[\Xj ]Xmfi\Z\ cX i\k\eZ`Â?e [\ cfj [Xkfj ZXj` j`e \j]l\iqf%

.% Dfk`mX Xc Xcldef1 ef \j cf d`jdf d\dfi`qXi leX c\ZZ`Â?e [\ [`\q g}^`eXj hl\ leX _faX [\ \jhl\dX%

/% 8_fiiX k`\dgf \e \c i\gXjf1 \e m\q [\ c\\i [\ el\mf kf[f \c k\dX# j\ mX [`i\ZkXd\ek\ Xc ^iXef%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:( -

ÓY^W

K Ze`ZXj [\ \jkl[`f ,

-EMORIZACIÀNõYõREPASO õ GR°BATELOõENõELõDISCOõDURO <j Zfdf le d jZlcf% J` ef j\ ljX# j\ XkifÔX2 j` j\ \a\iZ`kX# j\ [\jXiifccX% ?XYcXdfj [\ cX d\dfi`X# hl\ \j cX ZXgXZ`[X[ [\ XcdXZ\eXi ZfeZ\gkfj# j\ek`d`\ekfj p g\ejXd`\ekfj% J`e \ccX# ef j\ gif[lZ\ \c Xgi\e[`qXa\% P alekf X cX ]Xj\ [\ i\gXjf# Zfe]fidX \c ck`df kiXdf [\c d kf[f [\ \jkl[`f%

CX d\dfi`X ef k`\e\ Yl\eX ]XdX% CX ZlcgXYc\ [\ \jkX `e$ aljk`ÔZX[X dXcX i\glkXZ` e \j cX ccXdX[X d\dfi`X d\Z}e`ZX# hl\ \j cX hl\ Zfej`jk\ \e cX i\$ g\k`Z` e c`k\iXc [\ cX dXk\i`X [\ \jkl[`f# p hl\ efj i\Zl\i[X X el\jkifj XYl\cfj Xgi\e[` e[f$ j\ cX c`jkX [\ cfj i\p\j ^f[fj% ½¶?Xp hl\ jXY ij\cf kf[f [\ d\dfi`X6¾# gi\^lekXe XcXidX[fj cfj Xcldefj Xek\ ZlXchl`\i c`jkX[f [\ d}j [\ Z`eZf efdYi\j% G\if \jkX \j cX e`ZX dXe\iX [\ Xgi\e[\ij\ cfj d\j\j [\c X f# cXj gifm`e$ Z`Xj \jgX fcXj f \c e d\if [\ k\c ]fef [\ ZXjX# gfi gfe\i jfcf lefj \a\dgcfj% ?Xp le j\^le[f k`gf [\ d\dfi`X# hl\ \j cX ccXdX[X j`^e`ÔZXk`mX# p hl\ j\ i\Ô\i\ X cX Xj`d`cXZ` e [\ Zfek\e`[fj X kiXm j [\ cX i\cXZ` e Zfe cfj Zf$ efZ`d`\ekfj gi\m`fj2 gXiX \ccf \j `dgi\jZ`e[`Yc\ Zfdgi\e[\i cf hl\ j\ mX X \jkl[`Xi% :lXchl`\iX [\ cXj [fj jfe e\Z\$ jXi`Xj# p ef j\ gl\[\ [\jgi\Z`Xi e`e^leX [\ \ccXj1 ZlXe[f j\ \d$ g`\qX X \jkl[`Xi leX Xj`^eXkliX _Xp hl\ i\Zlii`i X cX d\dfi`X d\Z}e`ZX gXiX Xj`d`cXi k id`$ efj p ZfeZ\gkfj [\jZfefZ`[fj% 8 d\[`[X hl\ j\ mX gif]le[`$ qXe[f \e cX dXk\i`X# cfj Zfek\e`$ [fj i\jlckXe d}j ]Xd`c`Xi\j p j\

XaljkXe X cfj \jhl\dXj d\ekXc\j gi\m`fj1 cX d\dfi`qXZ` e pX \j j`^e`ÔZXk`mX p gfi kXekf i\jlckX d}j ]}Z`c i\k\e\i cX el\mX `e$ ]fidXZ` e%

j\ek`[f p \jkilZkliX[f j\ i\$ Zl\i[X Zfe d}j ]XZ`c`[X[ hl\ cf [\jZfefZ`[f# j`e j\ek`[f f [\jfi^Xe`qX[f% ` ;fd`e`f [\ cXj i\^cXj de\df$

8 d\dfi`qXi kXdY` e j\ Xgi\e[\# p gfi \jf \j `ek\i\$ jXek\ ZfefZ\i cfj ]XZkfi\j [\ cfj hl\ [\g\e[\1 ` :fe[`Z`fe\j g\ijfeXc\j% 8 leX

g\ijfeX ZXejX[X f [\jZ\ekiX[X c\ mX X ZfjkXi d\dfi`qXi dl$ Z_f d}j hl\ X fkiX i\cXaX[X p [`jgl\jkX X Xgi\e[\i% Cfj ]XZ$ kfi\j ] j`Zfj Zfdf \c [\jZXejf# cX Xc`d\ekXZ` e \hl`c`YiX[X f le XdY`\ek\ kiXehl`cf kXdY` e `eÕlp\e \e cX ZXgXZ`[X[ [\ d\dfi`qXi% ` E`m\c [\ dfk`mXZ` e% Ef

\j jlÔZ`\ek\ Zfe j\ekXij\ Zfe [\j^XeX \e cX j`ccX p d`iXi Zfe [\jZfeÔXeqX p gfZfj }e`dfj Xc c`Yif [\ k\okf% 8 dXpfi dfk`mX$ Z` e# dXpfi i\k\eZ` e% CXj ^XeXj gfi Xgi\e[\i k`\e\e hl\ j\i i\Xc\j# p ef jfcf [\ Yfhl`ccX%%% ` E`m\c [\ fi^Xe`qXZ` e [\c

dXk\i`Xc% :lXekf d\afi fi^Xe`qX[f \jk} \c dXk\$ i`Xc [\ \jkl[`f d}j ]}Z`c i\jlckX \jkl[`Xi% Cf hl\ i\jlckX ]Xd`c`Xi# cc\ef [\

k Ze`ZXj% Jfe i\Zlijfj hl\ Xpl[Xe X i\Zfi[Xi X kiXm j [\ cX XjfZ`XZ` e [\ `d}^\e\j# j cXYXj# c\kiXj# e d\ifj f gXcX$ YiXj% <o`^\ Z`\ikX [fj`j [\ `dX$ ^`eXZ` e p dlZ_X gi}Zk`ZX% 8c gi`eZ`g`f# ZlXe[f j\ Xgi\e[\ \jk\ k`gf [\ k Ze`ZXj# \j ]}Z`c [l[Xi [\ jl lk`c`[X[ pX hl\ j\ gl\[\ kXi[Xi d}j \e X[hl`i`i$ cXj hl\ \e d\dfi`qXi cfj [Xkfj% G\if# leX m\q hl\ j\ [fd`eXe# i\jlckXe dlp gi}Zk`ZXj%

` Fi^Xe`qXZ` e [\ cfj i\gXjfj% Cfj

i\gXjfj jfe ]le[Xd\ekXc\j% CX ccXdX[X ZlimX [\c fcm`[f Xl$ d\ekX \e gif^i\j` e ^\fd $ ki`ZX1 Xc [ X j`^l`\ek\ [\ _XY\i \jkl[`X[f# j` ef _Xp i\gXjf# j\ g`\i[\ cX ZlXikX gXik\ [\ cf Xgi\e[`[f% LeX Yl\eX `[\X gXiX _XZ\i \jkX ck`dX ]Xj\ \j ZfdgifYXi j` j\ i\Zl\i[X \c \jhl\dX hl\ j\ _X \jkl[`X[f \ `ej`jk`i \e cfj glekfj hl\ j\ _Xe fcm`[X[f% FkiX gfj`Y`c`[X[ \j i\g\k`i d\ekXcd\ek\ kf[f \c k\dX Xj\^li}e[fj\ [\ hl\ ef j\ hl\[X eX[X \e \c k`ek\if% J` j\ gXjX gfi Xckf \jkX ck`dX ]Xj\ [\c d kf[f [\ \jkl[`f cX el\mX `e]fidXZ` e ef hl\[X ^iXYX[X \e \c [`jZf [lif# p kf[f \c \j]l\iqf ZX\ \e jXZf ifkf%%% 8j hl\ pX jXY\j# jfe Z`eZf gXjfj# e` lef d\efj1 c\\i# jlYiXpXi# \j$ hl\dXk`qXi# d\dfi`qXi p i\gXjXi% ·M\e^X# hl\ ef \j kXe [`] Z`c

<E 9I<M<

:( -

Ă&#x201C;Y^W Âľ9ĂŁCE 7D:7I :; C;CEH?75 I\jgfe[\ Zfe j`eZ\i`[X[ X cXj j`^l`\ek\j gi\^lekXj1

ELE:8

ÂśGFI HLy FCM@;8DFJ CF 8GI<E;@;F6

J@<DGI<

8 M<:<J

(% œGfe\j ½^XeXj [\ m\i[X[ž \e Xgi\e[\i p d\dfi`qXi ZlXe[f \jkl[`Xj6 8c^leXj [\ cXj ZXljXj gfi cXj hl\ j\ efj fcm`[X cf hl\ Zi\\$ dfj Xgi\e[`[f jfe \jkXj1

)% ÂśK`\e\j le cl^Xi [\ \jkl[`f Ă&#x201D;af# fi[\eX[f p X`jcX[f [\ il`[fj6

` D\dfi`qXi j`e Zfdgi\e[\i

*% ÂśK`\e\j cfj Xglek\j Y`\e fi^Xe`qX[fj6

` =XckX [\ Xk\eZ`Â?e p ZfeZ\e$ kiXZ`Â?e

+% Âś<ek`\e[\j cf hl\ c\\j6

` =XckX [\ i\gXjfj

,% 8ek\j [\ gfe\ik\ X d\dfi`qXi# ÂśjlYiXpXj p \jhl\dXk`qXj cX c\ZZ`Â?e6

` Ef Zfe\ZkXi cf Xgi\e[`[f

Zfe cf hl\ pX j\ jXY\ ` Ef lk`c`qXi cf Xgi\e[`[f

-% Âś<ek`\e[\j Y`\e cf hl\ k`\e\j hl\ d\dfi`qXi6 .% Âś@ek\ekXj hl\ cXj `[\Xj gi`eZ`gXc\j j\ Ă&#x201D;a\e Y`\e \e kl d\ek\6

` GfZf `ek\iÂ&#x201E;j \e \jkl[`Xi

/% ÂśLk`c`qXj i\^cXj de\dfkÂ&#x201E;Ze`ZXj f kilZfj gXiX ]XZ`c`kXi \c i\Zl\i[f6 ` <oZ\jf [\ e\im`fj`jdf

ÂśGFI C8 D8z8E8 F GFI C8 EF:?<6 <e ^\e\iXc# j\ \jkl[`X d\afi gfi cXj dXÂ&#x152;XeXj hl\ gfi cXj efZ_\j% CXj `em\jk`^XZ`fe\j jfYi\ \c k\dX i\m\cXe hl\ [\j[\ \c d\[`f[Â&#x2C6;X _XjkX cXj + [\ cX kXi[\ \c i\e[`d`\ekf `ek\c\ZklXc [X le YXaÂ?e% Gfi cX kXi[\ j\ dXek`\e\ d}j f d\efj \jkXYc\ p# pX _XZ`X cX efZ_\# ml\cm\ X _XZ\ij\ [`]Â&#x2C6;$ Z`c dXek\e\i \c `ek\iÂ&#x201E;j gfi cX dXk\i`X [\ \jkl[`f% 8lehl\ \jkX \j cX efidX ^\e\iXc# ef kf[f \c dle[f i\jgfe[\ X \jk\ gXkiÂ?e1 _Xp hl`\e i`e[\ X kfg\ Zfe \c j`c\eZ`f p cX kiXehl`c`[X[ efZklieX%%%

0% ÂśK\ XZl\i[Xj [\ i\gXjXi6 ('% Âś;l\id\j p [\jZXejXj cf jlĂ&#x201D;Z`\ek\6

@ek\igi\kXZ`Â?e [\ cfj i\jlckX[fj1 ZlXekXj d}j i\jgl\jkXj XĂ&#x201D;idXk`mXj _XpXj Zfek\jkX[f# d\afi j\i} kl ZXgXZ`[X[ [\ d\dfi`qXZ`Â?e% J` gfi \c ZfekiXi`f _Xj [X[f dlZ_Xj i\jgl\jkXj e\^Xk`mXj# j`^e`Ă&#x201D;ZX hl\ cf hl\ ]XccX ef \j kl d\dfi`X# j`ef kl \jkiXk\^`X% D\afiXi kl _XY`c`[X[ gXiX i\k\e\i jfcf \j Zl\jk`Â?e [\ gi}Zk`ZX%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:( .

ÓY^W

KiXYXafj \jZfcXi\j (

z1U·õHAYõQUEõHACERõYõPARAõCU°NDO Cfj kiXYXafj jfe Xc Zlijf \jZfcXi Zfdf \c ½jgXd¾ Xc Zfii\f \c\Zki e`Zf1 `e\m`kXYc\j% Cfj gif]\jfi\j \dg`\qXe X g\[`icfj \e gi`dXi`X%%% p Xj Zfek`e Xe _XjkX cX k\j`j [fZkfiXc% Gfi \jf \o`jk\e g}^`eXj n\Y# Zfdf <c I`eZ e [\c MX^f# \e cXj hl\ cfj \jkl[`Xek\j Zl\c^Xe p j\ [\jZXi^Xe dfef^iX] Xj# \ejXpfj p j ek\j`j [\ ZXj` ZlXchl`\i k\dX p e`m\c \[lZXk`mf1 ½CX Ô^liX [\ C\feXi[f [X M`eZ`¾# ½CX ^Xd\kf^ e\j`j¾# ½<c CXqXi`ccf [\ Kfid\j¾ f ½8gfikXZ`fe\j [\ >Xljj Xc Z}cZlcf `ek\^iXc¾ jfe j cf Xc^lefj \a\dgcfj [\ cfj d`c\j [\ kiXYXafj hl\ j\ gl\[\e Zfej\^l`i Zfe le j`dgc\ Zc`Z%

G\if \c gcX^`f ef i\jlckX kXe j\eZ`ccf% <e gi`d\i cl^Xi gfi$ hl\ cfj gif]\jfi\j# Yl\efj ZfefZ\[fi\j [\c ]\e d\ef# j\ \eZXi^Xe [\ g\[`i X jlj Xcldefj kiXYXafj \jg\Z ÔZfj hl\ ef i\jlckXe ]}Z`c\j [\ \e$ ZfekiXi e` j`hl`\iX \e cX I\[% P \e j\^le[f cl^Xi# ·gfihl\ kXdY` e gXiX cfj gif]\jfi\j \o`jk\ >ff^c\ 9XjkX Zfe k\Zc\Xi leX ]iXj\ jfjg\Z_fjX jlgl\jkXd\ek\ \jZi`kX gfi \c Xlkfi [\ )%² [\ <JF gXiX cc\^Xi X cX ]l\ek\ fi`^`eXc% <e [\Ôe`k`mX1 Xgi\e[\i X _XZ\i Yl\efj kiXYXafj [\ ZcXj\ \j leX `em\ij` e i\ekXYc\ [\ ZXiX Xc ]lklif% <dg\Z\dfj# gl\j# gfi \c gi`eZ`g`f% 8ek\j [\ eX[X# _Xp hl\ \ek\iXij\ Y`\e [\ hl \j \oXZkXd\ek\ cf hl\ hl`\i\ \c gif]\jfi% J` j\ [\aXe \jkXj [l$ [Xj gXiX cX kXi[\ [\c [fd`e^f# aljkf \c [ X Xek\j [\ cX ]\Z_X kfg\ [\ \eki\^X%%% gl\[\ i\jlc$ kXi le gfZf Xe^ljk`fjf% <jkXj jfe Xc^leXj [\ cXj gi\$ ^lekXj p i\jgl\jkXj hl\ _Xp hl\ ZfefZ\i Xek\j [\ gfe\ij\ dXefj X cX fYiX1 8% K`gf [\ kiXYXaf1 ¶hl \j cf hl\ d\ \jk}e g`[`\e[f6# ¶le

i\jld\e# leX dfef^iX] X# leX i\Õ\o` e# leX `em\jk`^XZ` e# leX dfef^iX] X# leX i\j\ X f le \ejXpf6 9% K\dX ZfeZi\kf1 ¶\j fYc`^Xkf$ i`f f [\ c`Yi\ \c\ZZ` e6# ¶\j leX Zl\jk` e Xdgc`X# jla\kX X [`jk`ekfj \e]fhl\j# f \jk} Y`\e [\Ôe`[X6 :% :fe[`Z`fe\j1 ¶hl\ \ok\ej` e [\Y\ k\e\i6# ¶_Xp hl\ gi\j\e$ kXicf X dXef f X fi[\eX[fi6# ¶\jhl\d}k`Zf f i\[XZkX[f [\ ]fidX d}j \ok\ejX6# ¶\j le kiXYXaf `e[`m`[lXc f j\ gl\[\ _XZ\i \e ^ilgf6 ;% GcXqf [\ gi\j\ekXZ` e1 ¶Zl}e[f XZXYX \c gcXqf [\ \eki\^X6# ¶[ e[\ _Xp hl\ gi\j\ekXicf6

<E 9I<M< KFD8 ;< ;<:@J@FE<J 9`\e# X_fiX hl\ \jk}e i\jl\ckXj cXj Zl\jk`fe\j Y}j`ZXj# _Xp hl\ kfdXi Xc^leXj [\Z`j`fe\j1

(% ;\Ă&#x201D;e`i Zfe gi\Z`j`Â?e \c k\dX jfYi\ \c hl\ j\ mX X kiXYXaXi \e \c ZXjf [\ hl\ ef cf _XpX _\Z_f pX \c gif]\jfi %

:( .

Ă&#x201C;Y^W

:?;P 9EDI;@EI F7H7 ;CF;P7H ( Âś8Â&#x2019;e ef _Xj [\Z`[`[f j` d\i\Z\ cX g\eX `em\ik`i k`\dgf p \j]l\iqf \e \j\ kiXYXaf [\

ZcXj\6 G`\ejX hl\ \jk\ k`gf [\ efkXj Zl\ekXe dlZ_f d}j [\ cf hl\ gXi\Z\# jfYi\ kf[f j` \i\j [\ cf hl\ j`\dgi\ Xe[Xe Xc cÂ&#x2C6;d`k\ \eki\ \c ZlXkif p \c Z`eZf%%% ) <ogi`d\ X kl gif]\jfi1 j}ZXc\ `e]fidXZ`Â?e XZ\iZX [\c kiXYXaf hl\ fj XZXYX [\ \eZXi^Xi

_XjkX hl\ \jkÂ&#x201E;j j\^lif [\ hl\ jXY\j cf hl\ hl`\i\% K\ X_fiiXi} dlZ_fj \j]l\iqfj `eÂ&#x2019;k`$ c\j% * ;\Ă&#x201D;e\ Zfe gi\Z`j`Â?e \c k\dX# cX \ok\ej`Â?e# cfj gcXqfj p cXj Zfe[`Z`fe\j [\ \eki\^X% Ef

gXj\j gfi Xckf e` c\ hl`k\j `dgfikXeZ`X X e`e^leX [\ cXj `ejkilZZ`fe\j hl\ fj [Â&#x201E; \c gif]\$ jfi f k\ Xii`\j^Xj X hl\ k\ Xelc\ kf[f \c kiXYXaf gfi \a\dgcf# j` \c gcXqf XZXYX \c dXik\j# \jk} ZcXif hl\ ef j\ gl\[\ \eki\^Xi \c d`Â&#x201E;iZfc\j Âśef6 % + 9ljZX leX Yl\eX Y`Yc`f^iX]Â&#x2C6;X1 ef \j e\Z\jXi`f hl\ k\ c\Xj kf[X leX Y`Yc`fk\ZX gXiX _XZ\i

` J` j\ \jZf^\ le k\dX [\dXj`X[f

Xdgc`f j\ Zfii\ \c i`\j^f [\ jfckXi leXj ZlXekXj ^\e\iXc`[X[\j fYm`Xj p hl\[Xij\ \e cX jlg\iĂ&#x201D;Z`\% Gfi \a\d$ gcf# gXiX le kiXYXaf [\ c`k\iXkliX ef \j leX Yl\eX \c\ZZ`Â?e _XYcXi [\ \jZi`kfi\j \jgXÂ&#x152;fc\j gfihl\ cX ZXek`[X[ [\ `e]fidXZ`Â?e \j kXe XYildX[fiX hl\ i\jlckXiÂ&#x2C6;X dlp [`]Â&#x2C6;Z`c j`ek\k`qXicX%

kl kiXYXaf# g\if kXdgfZf gl\[\j c`d`kXik\ X Zfg`Xi kXc ZlXc cf hl\ [`Z\ cX \eZ`Zcfg\[`X% 9ljZX \e Xhl\ccXj glYc`ZXZ`fe\j d\efj ZfejlckX[Xj gfi klj ZfdgXÂ&#x152;\ifj1 m`\afj c`Yifj [\ k\okf# c`Yifj k\d}k`Zfj# i\m`jkXj%%% , 8Zl[\ X `ek\ie\k g\if ef k\ hl\[\j jfcf Zfe cf hl\ [`Z\ >ff^c\ [\c k\dX% Lk`c`qX fkifj

i\Zlijfj [\ cX I\[1 YljZX[fi\j k\d}k`Zfj# YXj\j [\ [Xkfj# ^ilgfj [\ [`jZlj`Â?e%%% - CÂ&#x201E;\k\ cX [fZld\ekXZ`Â?e hl\ _Xj j\c\ZZ`feX[f% JlYiXpX f kfdX efkXj [\ cf hl\ k\ `ek\i\$

j\% . JÂ&#x201E; ZiÂ&#x2C6;k`Zf1 gi\^Â&#x2019;ekXk\ j`\dgi\ hlÂ&#x201E; _Xp [\ki}j [\ cf hl\ k\ Zl\ekXe# hlÂ&#x201E; `ek\iÂ&#x201E;j dl\m\ Xc

Xlkfi gXiX [\Z`i cf hl\ [`Z\% ` G\if j` \c k\dX \j [\dXj`X[f

ZfeZi\kf gXjX cf ZfekiXi`f1 i\jlckX [`]Â&#x2C6;Z`c \eZfekiXi `e]fidXZ`Â?e% Gfi \a\dgcf# j` le Xcldef [\ <JF j\ Z\ekiX \e \c g\iÂ&#x2C6;f[f `cld`eXk`mf [\ cX \og\i`\eZ`X dÂ&#x2C6;jk`ZX [\ jXe AlXe [\ cX :ilq gl\[\ hl\ c\ i\jlck\ [`]Â&#x2C6;Z`c \jZi`Y`i d}j [\ [fj ]fc`fj%

/ <cXYfiX Ă&#x201D;Z_Xj Y`Yc`f^i}Ă&#x201D;ZXj p k\d}k`ZXj1 jfe le Yl\e `ejkild\ekf gXiX i\Zfi[Xi cf hl\

c\\j p i\[XZkXi [\jglÂ&#x201E;j le Yl\e kiXYXaf% 0 =fidlcX leX k\j`j f kfdX [\ gfj`Z`Â?e X df[f [\ _`cf Zfe[lZkfi [\ kl kiXYXaf% (' P# gfi Â&#x2019;ck`df# ZfeZi\kX cX \jkilZkliX [\c kiXYXaf Zfe le Â&#x2C6;e[`Z\ gifm`j`feXc% J` _Xj cc\^X[f

_XjkX XhlÂ&#x2C6;# pX _Xj gXjX[f cf d}j [`]Â&#x2C6;Z`c% ¡8_fiX jfcf k\ hl\[X i\[XZkXi ;\ \ccf _XYcXi\$ dfj \e cX j`^l`\ek\ Ă&#x201D;Z_X%

` <e i\jld\e# _Xp hl\ hl\[Xij\

\e le glekf d\[`f% J`^l`\e[f Zfe \c \a\dgcf# \c d`jk`Z`jdf \jgXÂ&#x152;fc1 jXe AlXe [\ cX :ilq p JXekX K\i\$ jX [\ A\jÂ&#x2019;j gf[iÂ&#x2C6;X j\i leX Yl\eX \c\ZZ`Â?e%

5 G8I8 J89<I DĂ?J

½KiXYXafj [\ jfYi\jXc`\ek\ gXiX XlkÂ&#x201E;ek`Zfj mX^fjž% <[`kfi`Xc <jgXjX

)% :XcZlcXi cX \ok\ej`Â?e [\c kiXYXaf% Ef _Xp hl\ [\aXi \jk\ k\dX Xc XqXi gfihl\ j\ gl\[\ XZXYXi Zfe le kfZ_f \oZ\j`mf [\ ]fc`fj% 8[\d}j# XjÂ&#x2C6; j\ XaljkX cX cXYfi [\ i\Zf^`[X [\ `e]fidXZ`Â?e p ef j\ g`\i[\ \c k`\dgf XZldlcXe[f dXk\i`Xc hl\ cl\^f ef j\ mX X lk`c`qXi%

*% J\c\ZZ`feXi cXj ]l\ek\j X cXj hl\ j\ mX X i\Zlii`i1 c`Yifj [\ k\okf Xek`^lfj# g\i`Â?[`Zfj# i\m`jkXj# @ek\ie\k%%%

+% ?XZ\i le Â&#x2C6;e[`Z\ gifm`j`feXc Zfe cf hl\ j\ hl`\i\ `eZcl`i \e \c kiXYXaf# cXj gXik\j# \c fi[\e# cXj `cljkiXZ`f$ e\j%%%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:( /

ÓY^W

KiXYXafj \jZfcXi\j )

_-ANOSõAõLAõOBRA Jl \eki\^X ef ^XiXek`qX \c XgifYX[f# g\if j` ef j\ gi\j\ekX# \c jljg\ejf \jk}%%% ZXj` Xj\^liX[f% Jfe cfj kiXYXafj [\ ZcXj\# \jfj \eZXi^fj hl\ cfj gif]\jfi\j _XZ\e X jlj Xcldefj [\ m\q \e ZlXe[f Zfdf Zfe[`Z` e `e[`jg\ejXYc\ gXiX jlg\iXi cX Xj`^eXkliX% 8c^lefj \jkl[`Xek\j# X^fY`X[fj gfi cX ]XckX [\ k`\dgf p [\ gcXe`ÔZXZ` e# [\Z`[\e i\Zlii`i X cX m X d}j i}g`[X p g\c`^ifjX 1 ZfikXe p g\^Xe cf gi`d\if hl\ \eZl\ekiXe \e @ek\ie\k# `eZcljf X m\Z\j e` j\ dfc\jkXe \e YfiiXi cX [`i\ZZ` e n\Y hl\ XgXi\Z\ \e cXj g}^`eXj `dgi\jXj% ¶Hl jlZ\[\ ZlXe[f# \e d\[`f [\ kXekX d\[`fZi`[X[# XgXi\Z\ le kiXYXaf Y`\e gi\j\ekX[f# Xd\ef# `ek\i\jXek\ p fi`^`eXc6 Gl\j hl\ [\jkXZX [\c i\jkf p \c Xlkfi k`\e\ Xj\^liX[X leX Yl\eX efkX% J` \jk}j [`jgl\jkf X d\afiXi kl k Ze`ZX# k\e \e Zl\ekX \jkXj gifgl\jkXj% 8ek\j hl\ eX[X# [\Y\j \cXYfiXi le Yl\e YfiiX[fi% GXiX \ccf1

m`Xd\ek\ k\ _Xj dXiZX[f% K\ j\im`i} gXiX dXek\e\i \c fi[\e p ef g\i[\i cX g\ijg\Zk`mX%

Zfe leX j`klXZ` e [\ k\ej` e hl\ X cf cXi^f [\c ZXg klcf j\ mX i\cXaXe[f _XjkX hl\ hl\[Xe Xg\eXj lefj j\^le[fj gXiX XZXYXi% <ekfeZ\j# cX kiXdX j\ ml\cm\ X gfe\i `ek\i\jXek\%%% p efj hl\[Xdfj Zfe cXj ^XeXj [\ jXY\i d}j% Gl\j [\ \jf d`jdf j\ kiXkX X cX _fiX [\ gi\j\ekXi le Yl\e kiXYXaf \jZfcXi%

)% :fd`\eqX ]l\ik\ p k\id`eX

*% <og e klj `[\Xj [\ leX \e

d}j ]l\ik\ kf[Xm X% <j [\Z`i# Zl`[X dlZ_f \c gi`d\i g}iiX]f p \c ck`df [\c kiXYXaf% <j le m`\af kilZf hl\ j`\dgi\ ]leZ`feX% J` ef k\ cf Zi\\j# g`\ejX \e cXj j\i`\j [\ k\c\m`j` e# hl\ jl\c\e \dg\qXi

leX# [\ ]fidX fi[\eX[X p a\iXihl`qX[X% 8c^lefj kilZfj gXiX hl\ cf cf^i\j1

(% >l Xk\ gfi \c e[`Z\ hl\ gi\$

` <dg`\qX gfi cXj `[\Xj gi`e$

Z`gXc\j p m\k\ [\jXiifccXe[f X Zfek`elXZ` e cXj j\Zle[Xi`Xj%

` D\k\ leX jfcX `[\X \e ZX[X

,% ;\[ ZXc\ dlZ_f k`\dgf X cX

g}iiX]f# Xj j\i} d}j ]}Z`c j\$ ^l`i \c _`cf%

ZfeZclj` e% <j# gifYXYc\d\e$ k\# cX gXik\ d}j `dgfikXek\ [\c kiXYXaf p \e cX hl\ d}j j\ mX X ÔaXi kl gif]\jfi%

` Le g}iiX]f jl\c\ k\e\i \eki\

[fj p ZlXkif fiXZ`fe\j% GifZl$ iX hl\ jl \ok\ej` e j\X Xgifo`$ dX[Xd\ek\ cX d`jdX gfihl\ j` _XZ\j lef [\ ZXkfiZ\ ]iXj\j p fkif [\ [fj Zfe]le[`i}j Xc c\Zkfi%

+% Ef i\jldXj [liXek\ \c [\$ jXiifccf% <jf cf gl\[\j [\aXi gXiX cXj ZfeZclj`fe\j% 8_fiX \j \c dfd\ekf [\ gif]le[`qXi# ZfdgXiXi p \ogfe\i# ef [\ j`e$ k\k`qXi%

-% I\m`jX \c YfiiX[fi% @ek\ekX _XZ\icf kiXj le [ X f [fj [\ [\jZXejf1 cXj `[\Xj \jkXi}e d}j Xj\ekX[Xj p k\ i\jlckXi} d}j ]}Z`c [\k\ZkXi X gi`d\iX m`jkX cfj \iifi\j [\ i\[XZZ` e# cf hl\ _Xp hl\ [\jXiifccXi d}j# cf hl\ ef j\ \ek`\e[\ Y`\e%%% LeX Yl\eX ]fidX [\ jXY\i j` ]leZ`feX \j c\\icf \e mfq XckX p fYj\imXi j` k`\e\ i`kdf f gfi \c ZfekiXi`f mX X kifdg`Zfe\j% 8efkX cXj ]iXj\j# gXcXYiXj f g}$ iiX]fj hl\ k\ Z_`ii \e p df[`Ô$ ZX cf hl\ j\X e\Z\jXi`f% P# gfi jlgl\jkf# ·ef k\ fcm`[\j [\c Zfii\Zkfi fikf^i}ÔZf

<E 9I<M< M8P8DFJ GFI G8IK<J 8lehl\ cfj XgXikX[fj hl\ `eZclpXj \e kl kiXYXaf gl\[\e mXi`Xi# ef [\Y\j gXjXi gfi Xckf cfj j`^l`\ek\j1 X @ekif[lZZ`Â?e1 Zl\ekX hlÂ&#x201E; gi\k\e[\j Zfe kl kiXYXaf# gfi hlÂ&#x201E; \jZf^`jk\ \c k\dX p cfj fY$ a\k`mfj hl\ j\ g\ij`^l\e% D\kf$ [fcf^Â&#x2C6;X \dgc\X[X# gifYc\dXj jli^`[fj%%% :fe \jk\ XgXikX[f# j` cf^iXj _XZ\icf Y`\e# `dgi\$ j`feXi}j X kl gif]\jfi% Y Ă e[`Z\1 kXdY`Â&#x201E;e \j ]le[Xd\e$ kXc gXiX hl\ kf[f \c hl\ c\X kl kiXYXaf ef j\ g`\i[X% 8hlÂ&#x2C6; _Xp hl\ `eZcl`i cfj Xe\ofj# ^i}Ă&#x201D;Zfj# kXYcXj%%% Z ;\jXiifccf1 \j cX gXik\ ]le[X$ d\ekXc [\c kiXYXaf# hl\ [\Y\ \jkXi [`m`[`[f \e ZXgÂ&#x2C6;klcfj f \gÂ&#x2C6;^iX]\j%

:( /

Ă&#x201C;Y^W B7 ?C7=;D ;I BE GK; 9K;DJ7 DlZ_Xj m\Z\j cX gi\j\ekXZ`Â?e `dgfikX kXekf Zfdf \c Zfek\e`[f%

( <c`^\ leX gfikX[X ccXdXk`mX# fi`^`eXc p Xc d`jdf k`\dgf ]fidXc% J` Zfej`^l\j \ekiXi Zfe Yl\e g`\# pX

k`\e\j dlZ_f ^XeX[f% ) 8 fi[\eX[fi f X dXef# \jZi`Y\ gfi leX jfcX ZXi`ccX% Ef kiXk\j [\ \Zfefd`qXi [\ \jX dXe\iX# Xlehl\

cf hl\ jÂ&#x2C6; gl\[\j _XZ\i \j lk`c`qXi gXg\c i\Z`ZcX[f% * @eZclp\ ]fkf^iX]Â&#x2C6;Xj# [`Ylafj# ^i}Ă&#x201D;ZXj \ `cljkiXZ`fe\j% ?fp \e [Â&#x2C6;X# Zfe cXj Xgc`ZXZ`fe\j `e]fid}k`ZXj p

cfj i\Zlijfj [\ @ek\ie\k \j dlp ]}Z`c clZ`ij\ \e \jk\ XgXikX[f% P ZlXekf d}j m`jlXc j\X \c kiXYXaf# d}j XkiXZk`mX i\jlckXi} jl c\ZkliX% + Lk`c`qX le k`gf [\ c\kiX j\eZ`ccf# Zfdf 8i`Xc f K`d\j% Cfj _Xp dlp fi`^`eXc\j g\if jl c\ZkliX ef

j`\dgi\ \j ]}Z`c% <j i\Zfd\e[XYc\ lk`c`qXi j`\dgi\ cX d`jdX c\kiX p ef \oZ\[\ij\ Zfe cfj Zfcfi`e\j% <c kXdXÂ&#x152;f gl\[\ j\i [\ () glekfj% <e ZlXekf X cX j\gXiXZ`Â?e [\ i\e^cfe\j# j\ [\Y\ lk`c`qXi \c [fYc\ \jgXZ`f f \jgXZ`f p d\[`f% , ;\jkXZX cfj kÂ&#x2C6;klcfj# g\if ef k\ \oZ\[Xj% 9XjkX Zfe hl\ jlYXj [fj f ki\j glekfj \c kXdXÂ&#x152;f [\ c\kiX p

hl\ cfj gfe^Xj \e e\^i`kX% Lefj kÂ&#x2C6;klcf [\dXj`X[f ^iXe[\j [Xe cX `dgi\j`Â?e [\ hl\ ½k\ ^i`kXež% - ;\aX d}i^\e\j Xdgc`fj% Cf _XY`klXc jfe ki\j Z\ekÂ&#x2C6;d\kifj gXiX \c jlg\i`fi# [fj gXiX \c `e]\i`fi# ZlXkif

gXiX \c `qhl`\i[f p [fj gXiX \c [\i\Z_f% . Gfe \c eÂ&#x2019;d\if [\ g}^`eX \e cX gXik\ `e]\i`fi# \e \c Z\ekif f X cX [\i\Z_X% ¡Ef _XZ\ ]XckX hl\ eld\i\j

cX gfikX[X / ;\aX cX Â&#x2019;ck`dX _faX [\c kiXYXaf \e YcXeZf# X df[f [\ ZfekiXgfikX[X% P ^i}gXcf# j` \j gfZf \ok\ejf#

f \eZlX[Â&#x201E;ieXcf Zfe kXgXj [\ gc}jk`Zf p \jg`iXc j` j\ kiXkX [\ le kiXYXaf [\ Z`\ikXj [`d\ej`fe\j% ¡K\ hl\[Xi} le kiXYXaf [\ [`\q

[ :feZclj`fe\j1 \e \jk\ XgXikX$ [f [\Y\j i\jld`i cf hl\ j\ _X \ogl\jkf X cf cXi^f [\c kiXYXaf# i\gXjXi cfj gi`eZ`gXc\j [Xkfj# i\jgfe[\i X cXj Zl\jk`fe\j l fYa\k`mfj gcXek\X[fj \e cX `e$ kif[lZZ`Â?e p [\aXi ]fidlcX[Xj cXj gi\^lekXj g\e[`\ek\j [\ i\$ jfclZ`Â?e# j` \j hl\ cXj _Xp% \ 8gÂ&#x201E;e[`Z\j f Xe\ofj1 \j kf[f \c dXk\i`Xc [\ Xgfpf hl\ Zfdgc\$ d\ekX p XgfpX cX `e]fidXZ`Â?e [\c k\okf% ] 9`Yc`f^iX]Â&#x2C6;X i\Xc# ef `em\e$ kX[X [\ cfj c`Yifj# i\m`jkXj# glYc`ZXZ`fe\j Z`\ekÂ&#x2C6;Ă&#x201D;ZXj p [`i\ZZ`fe\j [\ @ek\ie\k hl\ j\ _Xe lk`c`qX[f gXiX \cXYfiXi \c kiXYXaf%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:( '&

ÓY^W

CX \ogfj`Z` e fiXc

4·CNICASõPARAõENFRENTARSEõALõPÅBLICO ½·D\ mX X [Xi Xc^f ¾# g`\ejXj# XjljkX[f# \e \c dfd\ekf \e hl\ kf[fj klj ZfdgX \ifj [\ ZcXj\ j\ hl\[Xe \e XYjfclkf j`c\eZ`f p ^`iXe jlj ZXY\qXj _XZ`X k`# X cX \jg\iX [\ hl\ Zfd`\eZ\j X \ogfe\i kl kiXYXaf% Jfe lefj j\^le[fj `ek\id`eXYc\j [\ \og\ZkXZ` e# _XjkX hl\ Zfej`^l\j [\jg\^Xi cfj cXY`fj p# kiXj leX kfig\ ZXiiXjg\iX# [\aXj jXc`i le _`c`ccf [\ mfq% @ek\ekXj j\i\eXik\# g\if cXj `e\jg\iX[Xj i\XZZ`fe\j [\ kl Zl\igf ef k\ Xpl[Xe eX[X1 \c ZfiXq e cXk\ X d`c gfi _fiX# cXj dXefj j\ [\j_XZ\e \e jl[fi# cX ^Xi^XekX \jk} kXe j\ZX Zfdf j` XZXYXiXj [\ Zfd\i le gfcmfi e%%% p X e \eZ`dX leX mfq `ek\i`fi# hl\ ef jXY\j [\ [ e[\ _X jXc`[f# ef gXiX [\ i\g\k`ik\ hl\ \jkf mX X j\i le ]iXZXjf% ·DXc[`kX j\X# hl ^XeXj [\ jXc`i Zfii`\e[f

8ek\ kf[f hl\ ef Zle[X \c g}e`Zf% Cfj [\jX^iX[XYc\j j ekfdXj [\ Xej`\[X[ hl\ gif$ mfZX \c _\Z_f [\ \e]i\ekXij\ Xc g Yc`Zf gl\[\e ZfdYXk`ij\ j`^l`\e[f leXj ZlXekXj i\^cXj% Jfe \jkXj1

k\ mXj X gfe\i1 k`\e\j hl\ k\e\i le Yl\e Xjg\Zkf%

8ek\j [\ cX \ogfj`Z` e

;liXek\ cX \ogfj`Z` e

` <cXYfiX le Yl\e ^l` e Zfe

Zfd`\eZ\j [`Z`\e[f ½;`j$ ZlcgX[# g\if \j hl\ \jkfp le gfZf e\im`fjf%%%¾% <jX \j cX ]iXj\ dXc[`kX% 8 gXik`i [\ \j\ dfd\ekf# kf[fj# `eZcljf cfj hl\ ef j\ _XY Xe [X[f Zl\ekX# j\ ÔaXi}e d}j \e klj e\im`fj% P k k\ gfe[i}j g\fi# ZcXif% 8j hl\# pX cf jXY\j# eleZX# eleZX ZfeÔ\j\j \e g Yc`Zf Z df k\ j`\ek\j [\ dXc %

cfj glekfj hl\ mXj X kfZXi% ` J`\dgi\ hl\ j\X gfj`Yc\# gi\$

gXiX dXk\i`Xc [\ Xgfpf1 dXgXj# `cljkiXZ`fe\j f leX gi\j\ekX$ Z` e \e Gfn\i Gf`ek% ` 8gi e[\k\ [\ d\dfi`X cX

\jkilZkliX [\ cX \ogfj`Z` e p [`]\i\eZ`X Xc d\efj ki\j gXi$ k\j1 `ekif[lZZ` e# [\jXiifccf p ZfeZclj` e% ` <ejXpX cX \ogfj`Z` e lk`c`$

qXe[f ]iXj\j ZfikXj p j\eZ`ccXj% :fekifcX \c k`\dgf hl\ kXi[Xj \e _XZ\icf% ` J` kl `ek\im\eZ` e ef mX X

j\i \e \c XlcX _XY`klXc# m`j`kX Xek\j \c cl^Xi gXiX ]Xd`c`Xi`$ qXik\ Zfe c% ` ;\jZXejX Y`\e cX efZ_\ Xe$ k\i`fi p g`\ejX \e cX ifgX hl\

` GXiX dXek\e\i X iXpX cfj e\i$

m`fj1 giXZk`ZX Xc^leX k Ze`ZX [\ i\cXaXZ` e p k dXk\ Xc^leX hl\ fkiX k`cX%

` LeX i\^cX [\ fif1 eleZX

` Fcm [Xk\ [\ k` d`jdf

p g`\ejX \e cfj fp\e$ k\j% PX hl\ \jk}j X_ # ¶gfi hl ef `ek\ekXi hl\ j\ \ek\i\e Y`\e [\ cf hl\ k`\e\j hl\ ZfekXic\j6 J` k [`j]ilkXj _XYc}e[fc\j# \ccfj [`j]ilkXi}e \jZl$ Z_}e[fk\% ;\jZXikX cX mfq dfe kfeX# cXj c\ZkliXj `ek\id`eXYc\j f cX i\g\k`Z` e [\ cf hl\ pX gfe\ \e cXj [`X$ gfj`k`mXj%

` DXek e j`\dgi\ cX Xk\eZ` e

[\ klj fp\ek\j1 \jkX \j cX g`jkX hl\ k\ `e[`ZXi} hl\ kf[f mX Y`\e% Lk`c`qX \c _ldfi# i\Zf$ ii\ Zfe kl d`iX[X cXj ZXiXj [\ klj ZfdgX \ifj# _Xqc\j leX gi\^lekX f g [\c\j jl ZfcXYfiXZ` e%%% ?Xp dlZ_Xj gfj`Y`c`[X[\j gXiX dXek\e\i$ cfj \eki\k\e`[fj% ` <dg`\qX Y`\e p k\id`eX

d\afi% Cfj [fj dfd\ekfj ZcXm\j jfe \jfj# \c gi`eZ`g`f p \c ÔeXc% GXiX \dg\qXi gl\[\j ZXgkXi cX Xk\eZ` e [\ kl g $ Yc`Zf gcXek\Xe[f le [`c\dX f leX gi\^lekX j`e i\jfcm\i% Le Yl\e ÔeXc j\ Zfej`^l\ [Xe[f cX i\jgl\jkX X cX Zl\jk` e

[\c gi`eZ`g`f p X X[`\e[f leXj ZfeZclj`fe\j%

;\jgl j [\ cX \ogfj`Z` e ` 8lkf\mXc Xk\% GXiX _XZ\icf

gl\[\j g\[`ic\ cX fg`e` e X Xc^ e Xd`^f hl\ _XpX \jkX[f gi\j\ek\% P# [\ X_ \e X[\cXe$ k\# ef \m`k\j cXj fgfikle`[X[\j gXiX _XYcXi \e g Yc`Zf% 8lehl\ [X dlZ_X g\i\qX _XZ\icf%%% \j cX e`ZX dXe\iX [\ g\i[\ic\ \c d`\[f%

<E 9I<M<

:( '&

Ă&#x201C;Y^W ?D:?97:EH;I :; 97B?:7:

J` hl`\i\j \mXclXi cX \ogfj`Z`Â?e fiXc [\ klj ZfdgXÂ&#x152;\ifj f cX klpX gifg`X# gl\[\j lk`c`qXi \jkX ^lÂ&#x2C6;X1 k\ j\im`i} gXiX [\k\ZkXi cfj \iifi\j p mXcfiXi cXj ZlXc`[X[\j [\c fiX[fi% GlekÂ&#x2019;X [\ ( X , ZX[X lef [\ cfj Xjg\Zkfj# fYkÂ&#x201E;e cXj ZlXkif jldXj gXiZ`Xc\j p cX mXcfiXZ`Â?e ^cfYXc%

8JĂ JĂ %%% ` D`iX [\ ]i\ek\ Xc Xl[`kfi`f%

Gl\[\j [`i`^`i kl Xk\eZ`Â?e _XZ`X Xc^leX ZXiX X^iX[XYc\# pX j\X cX [\ le Xd`^f f cX [\ Xc^l`\e [\ jfei`jX ]}Z`c# \ `dX^`eXi hl\ c\ \jk}j _XYcXe[f jfcf X \jX g\ijfeX%

@E;@:8;FI<J ;< :8C@;8; ;< CFJ KI898AFJ FI8C<J (

:FEK<E@;F

)

*

+

,

Â&#x203A; KÂ&#x2C6;klcf Â&#x203A; <jkilZkliX Â&#x203A; @ekif[lZZ`Â?e Â&#x203A; ;\jXiifccf

` Lk`c`qX cXj dXefj gXiX [Xi$

Â&#x203A; :feZclj`fe\j

c\j d}j \ogi\j`m`[X[ X klj gXcXYiXj%

Â&#x203A; :cXi`[X[ [\ `[\Xj Â&#x203A; 8i^ld\ekXZ`Â?e

` JfeiÂ&#x2C6;\ [\ m\q \e ZlXe[f%

KFK8C ` Gi\^lekX p [`Xcf^X Zfe kl

gÂ&#x2019;Yc`Zf1 _XYcXi Zfe \j d}j i\cXaXek\ hl\ _XYcXi X%

<OGI<J@äE M<I98C

Â&#x203A; C\e^lXa\ ZcXif Â&#x203A; MfZXYlcXi`f ZfeZ`jf Â&#x203A; GifeleZ`XZ`Â?e Zfii\ZkX

` G`\ejX hl\ \jk}j [\ Zfem\i$

Â&#x203A; Mfq Ă&#x201D;id\

jXZ`Â?e Zfe cX g\ijfeX [\ cX Â&#x2019;ck`dX Ă&#x201D;cX1 \j\ \j \c kfef [\ mfq hl\ [\Y\j dXek\e\i%

Â&#x203A; @ek\ej`[X[ [\ mfq Â&#x203A; I`kdf X[\ZlX[f

8JĂ EF%%%

Â&#x203A; J`c\eZ`fj fgfiklefj

?Xp Xc^leXj ZfjXj hl\ [\Y\j \m`kXi# Zfdf gfi \a\dgcf1

KFK8C

` D`iXi _XZ`X \c `eĂ&#x201D;e`kf f _XZ`X

<OGI<J@äE :FIGFI8C

\c jl\cf%

` >fcg\Xi cX d\jX Zfe \c

KFK8C

8JG<:KFJ ><E<I8C<J

` C\\i le dfekÂ?e [\ ]fc`fj j`e

c\mXekXi j`hl`\iX cX m`jkX% ` Lk`c`qXi

dlc\k`ccXj [\c k`gf1 ½\\\_ž# œef6# œm\i[X[6# ½lldž%

Â&#x203A; ;liXZ`Â?e Â&#x203A; I\Zlijfj [\ Xgfpf Â&#x203A; Fi`^`eXc`[X[

YfcÂ&#x2C6;^iX]f d`\ekiXj k\ _XZ\e gi\^lekXj% ` Dfi[\ik\ cXj lÂ&#x152;Xj%

Â&#x203A; 8gXi`\eZ`X [\ kiXehl`c`[X[ Â&#x203A; EXkliXc`[X[ [\ ^\jkfj

` Dfi`ik\ [\ i`jX Xc ZfekXi leX

XeÂ&#x201E;Z[fkX dlp ^iXZ`fjX%

Â&#x203A; D`iX[X _XZ`X \c Xl[`kfi`f

KFK8C

M8CFI8:@äE >CF98C jldX [\ cfj ZlXkif gXiZ`Xc\j @ek\igi\kXZ`Â?e [\ i\jlckX[fj1 X J` cX mXcfiXZ`Â?e ^cfYXc \j d\efi [\ -'# j`e [l[X _Xp mXi`fj Xjg\Zkfj d\afiXYc\j% =Â&#x2C6;aXk\ jfYi\ kf[f \e cXj gleklXZ`fe\j gXiZ`Xc\j1 cXj d}j YXaXj k\ `e[`ZXi}e cfj glekfj [Â&#x201E;Y`c\j [\ cX \ogfj`Z`Â?e% EfkX1 cf j\ek`dfj# g\if \j le @ejlĂ&#x201D;Z`\ek\% Y <eki\ -' p ., glekfj1 Xlehl\ j`^l\ _XY`\e[f mXi`fj Xjg\Zkfj hl\ gf[iÂ&#x2C6;Xe Zl`[Xij\ d}j# \e kÂ&#x201E;id`efj ^\e\iXc\j j`^e`Ă&#x201D;ZX hl\ cX \ogfj`Z`Â?e _X j`[f Zfii\ZkX% EfkX1 \eki\ JlĂ&#x201D;Z`\ek\ p 9`\e% Z J` cX mXcfiXZ`Â?e ^cfYXc j\ j`kÂ&#x2019;X \eki\ ., p ('' j`^e`Ă&#x201D;ZX hl\ \o`jk\ le \oZ\c\ek\ [fd`e`f [\ cX kÂ&#x201E;Ze`ZX [\ cX \ogi\j`Â?e p cX Zfdle`ZXZ`Â?e m\iYXc% EfkX1 \eki\ EfkXYc\ p JfYi\jXc`\ek\%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:( ''

ÓY^W

<o}d\e\j (

,AõPRUEBAõDEõFUEGO J` \i\j \jkl[`Xek\# j\^lif hl\ X \jkXj XckliXj [\ kl m`[X \jZfcXi k`\e\j dlp ZcXif hl\ cfj \o}d\e\j [\ ÔeXc [\ Zlijf jfe# gXiX Y`\e p gXiX dXc# cX ^iXe gil\YX [\ ]l\^f% ;X `^lXc hl\ cfj gif]\jfi\j _XYc\e [\ \mXclXZ` e Zfek`elX p [\ cX `dgfikXeZ`X [\ kiXYXaXi [ X X [ X1 j` cfj \o}d\e\j ÔeXc\j k\ jXc\e dXc# dXc Xjlekf% P gfi \c ZfekiXi`f# j` Zfej`^l\j _XZ\icfj Y`\e# \j gifYXYc\ hl\ i\dfek\j% G\if e\Z\j`kXj leX \jkiXk\^`X1 ef k\ mX X j\im`i [\ eX[X [\[`ZXic\ _fiXj p _fiXj X d\dfi`qXi [Xkfj# ]\Z_Xj p ZfeZ\gkfj j` Xc ÔeXc ef mXj X jXY\i i\Õ\aXi kf[f cf hl\ jXY\j# [\ cX ]fidX \e hl\ k\ cf g`[\e p [\ekif [\c k`\dgf \jkXYc\Z`[f% CXj ZfjXj jfe Xj %

Cfj \o}d\e\j k`\e\e jl k Ze`ZX1 _Xp hl\ gi\gXiXi Y`\e cX dXk\$ i`X# \jkXi \e Yl\eXj Zfe[`Z`fe\j ] j`ZXj p gj`Zfc ^`ZXj p j\^l`i leX \jkiXk\^`X X cX _fiX [\ [\jX$ iifccXicfj% Gfi \a\dgcf# ¶jXY Xj hl\ j`\dgi\ _Xp hl\ \dg\qXi X i\jgfe[\i gfi cX gi\^lekX hl\ d\afi k\ jXY\j p [\aXi gXiX \c ÔeXc cX d}j ÕfaX6 <c dfk`mf \j hl\ ZlXe[f le gif]\jfi \dg`\$ qX X Zfii\^`i le \oXd\e# j` c\ ^ljkX cf hl\ \dg`\qX X c\\i# j\ _XZ\ leX `[\X gfj`k`mX hl\ jfcf ZXdY`Xi} Zfe dlZ_f \j]l\iqf2 \j [\Z`i# j` m\ hl\ \c i\jkf [\c \oXd\e \j le glif [\jXjki\% Gfi \jf k\ Zfem`\e\ ZfefZ\i kf[fj \jkfj g\hl\ fj kilZfj% GXiX \dg\qXi# gil\YX X gfe\i \e gi}Zk`ZX \c [\Z}cf^f [\ cX d\dfi`X1

,% ;`m`[\ cX dXk\i`X \e Ycfhl\j#

` M`^`cX cX \ogi\j` e1 cXj ]iXj\j

k\ j\i} d}j ]}Z`c XYfi[XicX%

ZcXiXj# ZfikXj p j\eZ`ccXj%

-% I\Zl\i[X hl\ cX d\dfi`X

` ·CX fikf^iX] X DlZ_f Zl`$

[\g\e[\# jfYi\ kf[f# [\ [fj ]XZkfi\j1 `ek\i j p ZfeZ\e$ kiXZ` e%

[X[f1 j` ef jXY\j Z df j\ \jZi`Y\ leX gXcXYiX# YljZX le j`e e`df%

.% GifZliX \ek\e[\i Xek\j [\

` :lXe[f ef k\e^Xj dlp ZcX$

d\dfi`qXi%

iX cX \oXZk`kl[ [\ le [Xkf \e

/% I\gXjX Zfe ]i\Zl\eZ`X% 0% Lk`c`qX Xc d}o`df klj j\ek`[fj1 c\\ \e Xckf# \jZi`Y\ gXcXYiXj ZcXm\# d`iX cXj ]fkfj [\c c`Yif¿

('% LjX i\^cXj de\dfk Ze`ZXj f kilZfj gXiX XjfZ`Xi `[\Xj1 m\$ i}j hl Y`\e ]leZ`feXe% P \e \c dfd\ekf [\c \oXd\e# k\e \e Zl\ekX \jkXj ZcXm\j1

(% GifZliX ef \jkXi ZXejX[f ZlXe[f k\ gfe^Xj X \jkl[`Xi1 [\Y\j [fid`i cf jlÔZ`\ek\%

` C\\ Y`\e cXj gi\^lekXj _XjkX

\jkXi j\^lif [\ hl\ cXj Zfd$ gi\e[\j%

)% @ek\ekX i\cXZ`feXi cf el\mf hl\ \jk}j Xgi\e[`\e[f Zfe cf hl\ pX jXY\j%

` :fejlckX cXj [l[Xj Xc gif$

*% Fi^Xe`qX klj gXg\c\j# Xgle$ k\j p c`Yi\kXj%

` ?Xq le Yi\m\ \jhl\dX \e

+% D\dfi`qX gi`d\if \c \j$ hl\dX ^\e\iXc p cl\^f cfj [\kXcc\j%

` :fek\jkX X cf hl\ k\ gi\^le$

]\jfi%

le YfiiX[fi%

kXe1 gfi [`mX^Xi f `ij\ gfi cXj iXdXj ef [Xe d}j efkX%

ZfeZi\kf# \j d\afi hl\ ef cf gfe^Xj1 gf[i Xe YXaXik\ cX efkX gfi gXjXik\ [\ c`jkf% ` 8lehl\ k\e^Xj \c k`\dgf

dlp aljkf# [\aX j`\dgi\ le gXi [\ d`elkfj gXiX i\gXjXi cf hl\ _Xj \jZi`kf1 Zfe cXj gi`jXj j\ gfe\e m\i[X[\ifj [`jgXiX$ k\j%

<E 9I<M< <C GI@E:@G@F P <C =@E8C 8ek\ le \oXd\e# gifZliX \j$ d\iXik\ Xc gi`eZ`g`f p Xc Ă&#x201D;eXc [\ ZX[X i\jgl\jkX \e cf hl\ X ZcXi`[X[ [\ `[\Xj p Ă&#x2022;l`[\q [\ i\[XZZ`Â?e j\ i\Ă&#x201D;\i\% CXj c\p\j [\ cX g\iZ\gZ`Â?e \o$ gc`ZXe hl\# X cX _fiX [\ Zfii\$ ^`i# \c gif]\jfi k`\e[\ X gi\jkXi d}j Xk\eZ`Â?e Xc gi`eZ`g`f p Xc Ă&#x201D;eXc [\ ZX[X XgXikX[f p i\[lZ\ jl e`m\c [\ Xk\eZ`Â?e \e d\[`f [\c k\okf% <j [\Z`i# cf hl\ k\ j\gXj i\^lcXi cf gfe\j \e \c d\[`f# p cf hl\ d\afi [fd`e\j# Xc gi`eZ`g`f p Xc Ă&#x201D;eXc1 [\aXi}j le Yl\e jXYfi [\ YfZX%

CF HL< JL<C< =8CC8I Jfe dlZ_fj cfj \jkl[`Xek\j hl\ aliXe hl\ \ccfj j\ cf jXYÂ&#x2C6;Xe g\if hl\ X cX _fiX [\ _XZ\i \c \oXd\eÂż Xc^f `e\jg\iX[f ]X$ ccÂ?% <jkX j`klXZ`Â?e jl\c\ \jkXi i\cXZ`feX[X Zfe1

:( ''

Ă&#x201C;Y^W

ÂľI78;I B;;H B7I ?DIJHK99?ED;I5 ½J` \j hl\ ef c\\e cX gi\^lekXž% <jX \j cX ZfeZclj`Â?e X cX hl\ cc\^Xe dlZ_fj gif]\jfi\j Xek\ cX i\jgl\j$ kX `eXgifg`X[X f \jg\Z`Xcd\ek\ [\jXk`eX[X [\ Xc^lefj Xcldefj% P \j hl\ _Xp dlZ_fj \jkl[`Xek\j hl\# eX[X d}j i\Z`Y`i \c \oXd\e# j\ cXeqXe X \jZi`Y`i j`e kXe j`hl`\iX i\Ă&#x2022;\o`feXi lefj j\^le[fj XZ\iZX [\ cf hl\ c\j \jk}e gi\^lekXe[f% <c j`^l`\ek\ \a\iZ`Z`f# X[\d}j [\ gXiX \Z_Xij\ leXj i`jXj# gl\[\ j\im`i [\ glekf [\ gXik`[X gXiX i\Ă&#x2022;\$ o`feXi XZ\iZX [\ cf hl\ gf[\dfj ccXdXi gXk`eXqf [\ jXc`[X% CX XZk`m`[X[ Zfej`jk\ \e \eki\^Xi X ZX[X Xcldef leX _faX Zfe cXj j`^l`\ek\j `ejkilZZ`fe\j# Zfdf j` j\ kiXkXiX [\ le \oXd\e% ;\Y\e i\jfcm\icf [\ ]fidX `e[`m`[lXc \e \c k`\dgf \jkXYc\Z`[f1 ( C\\ Zl`[X[fjXd\ek\ cX c`jkX \ek\iX [\ `ejkilZZ`fe\j Xek\j [\ _XZ\i eX[X% ;`jgfe\j [\ ZlXkif d`el$

kfj gXiX \jkX XZk`m`[X[% ) Gfe kl efdYi\ \e cX gXik\ jlg\i`fi [\i\Z_X [\ cX _faX% * Gfe cX [`i\ZZ`Â?e [\YXaf [\c efdYi\% + Gfe kl eÂ&#x2019;d\if [\ k\cÂ&#x201E;]fef \e cX gXik\ `e]\i`fi `qhl`\i[X% , JldX 0*.' " ,-+(% - I\jkX (+0) [\ (./0% . Gfe cX _faX YfZX XYXaf% / C\mXekX \c YiXqf p [`1 ½Jfp \c gi`d\ifž% 0 ;`YlaX [fj ZlX[iX[fj# le ki`}e^lcf p ki\j ZÂ&#x2C6;iZlcfj% (' <jZi`Y\ le j`eÂ?e`df [\ ½ZXejX[fž% (( C\m}ekXk\ p [X leX ]l\ik\ gXkX[X \e \c jl\cf% () <jZi`Y\ [\ lef X [`\q \e j\ek`[f [\Zi\Z`\ek\% (* <jZi`Y\ cfj eÂ&#x2019;d\ifj `dgXi\j [\ lef X ki\`ekX% (+ <jZi`Y\ cfj eÂ&#x2019;d\ifj gXi\j [\ ki\`ekX X Z`eZl\ekX%

` <dg\qXi X \jkl[`Xi Zfe gf$

(, <jZi`Y\ ki\j gXcXYiXj hl\ i`d\e Zfe ]ilkX%

Zfj [Â&#x2C6;Xj [\ Xek\cXZ`Â?e f `eZcljf \c [Â&#x2C6;X Xek\i`fi%

(- >i`kX1 ½Pf _\ j\^l`[f kf[Xj cXj `ejkilZZ`fe\jž%

` GXjXi cX efZ_\ \e m\cX%

(. J` _Xj j\^l`[f Zl`[X[fjXd\ek\ kf[Xj cXj `ejkilZZ`fe\j# ef [\Y\iÂ&#x2C6;Xj _XY\i _\Z_f eX[X kf[XmÂ&#x2C6;X1

` Ef ZXcZlcXi \c k`\dgf [\c \oXd\e# `em`ik`\e[f dlZ_f \e Xc^leXj gi\^lekXj p [\$ aXe[f dlp gfZf f eX[X gXiX cXj fkiXj%

ml\cm\ X c\\i cX gi`d\iX `ejkilZZ`Â?e% (/ CX Â&#x2019;e`ZX `ejkilZZ`Â?e hl\ j\ k\ g`[\ hl\ \a\Zlk\j \j cX eÂ&#x2019;d\if .%

` Ef Zfek\jkXi X cf hl\

gi\^lekXe# j`ef fkiX ZfjX% ` ;\jZl`[Xi cX i\[XZZ`Â?e# cX

fikf^iX]Â&#x2C6;X f cX gi\j\ekXZ`Â?e% ` ;\aXi Xc^leX gi\^lekX \e

YcXeZf% ` <eki\^Xi \c \oXd\e j`e

j`hl`\iX _XY\ic\ [X[f le g\$ hl\Â&#x152;f i\gXjf%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:( '(

ÓY^W

<o}d\e\j )

0RUEBASõORALESõYõESCRITAS <e gfZX [\ \o}d\e\j# cX _`jkfi`X j\ i\g`k\% J`\dgi\ _Xp Xc^ e Xcldef hl\ gifk\jkX Xek\ cX YXaX ZXc`ÔZXZ` e hl\ i\Z`Y\ \e leX gil\YX hl\ aliX _XY\ij\ gi\gXiX[f X ZfeZ`\eZ`X% ½C\ _\ [\[`ZX[f dlZ_Xj _fiXj# p d\ cf jXY X kf[f¾# Xi^ld\ekX% Jlj gX[i\j ZfiifYfiXe jl m\ij` e1 ½<jkl[` dlZ_ j`df cXj ck`dXj j\dXeXj# ef jXc X gXiX eX[X [\ cX _XY`kXZ` e p ZlXe[f c\ gi\^lek}YXdfj Xc^ e k\dX j\ cf jXY X [\ g\ X gX¾% G\if \c gif]\jfi# `eÕ\o`Yc\# dXek`\e\ jl ZXc`ÔZXZ` e1 ½<c \oXd\e ef \jk} gXiX XgifYXi# ljk\[\j d`jdfj cf gl\[\e m\i¾% <e \jkX j`klXZ` e# kXe ]i\Zl\ek\ \e \c }dY`kf \jZfcXi# ¶\oX^\iXe cfj gX[i\j6# ¶d`\ek\ \c _`af6# ¶f \j hl\ Xc Z_`Zf c\ k`\e\e dXe X6

Cf d}j gifYXYc\ \j hl\ \c Xcldef# Xc `^lXc hl\ jl ]Xd`c`X# [`^X cX m\i[X[% ?X \jkl[`X[f# p dlZ_f# g\if jl \iifi \jk} \e ef _XY\i j`[f ZXgXq [\ [\$ dfjkiXicf% Gfihl\ leX ZfjX \j XcdXZ\eXi `e]fidXZ` e p fkiX dlp [`jk`ekX gcXjdXicX gfi \jZi`kf# [Xic\ leX \jkilZkliX p gi\j\ekXicX [\ ]fidX Zf_\i\ek\ p iXqfeX[X% Gfi \jf \c gif]\jfi kXdY` e XZk X Zfii\ZkXd\ek\1 ef j\ gl\[\ ZXc`ÔZXi Zfe le XgifYX[f le \oXd\e hl\ Zfe$ j`jk\ \e le XdXj`af [\ [Xkfj j`e

[\jXiifccXi# Zfe `[\Xj jl\ckXj p leX i\[XZZ` e g j`dX% <jkX \j cX iXq e gfi cX hl\# Xek\ ZlXchl`\i \oXd\e# X[\d}j [\ cfj ZfefZ`d`\ekfj [\ cX dX$ k\i`X j\ _XZ\ e\Z\jXi`f j\^l`i leX \jkiXk\^`X [\ \a\ZlZ` e% <e \c ZXjf [\ cXj gil\YXj \jZi`kXj \j `dgi\jZ`e[`Yc\ Xgi\e[\i X kiXej]fidXi cX `e]fidXZ` e Xgi\e[`[X \e ]iXj\j Zfe gc\ef j\ek`[f% GXiX cf^iXicf i\jlckX dlp k`c# gfi \a\dgcf# i\Zlii`i

X cX k Ze`ZX [\c i\jld\e X cX _fiX [\ \jkl[`Xi cX Xj`^eXkliX% 8lehl\ cc\mX le gfZf d}j [\ k`\dgf hl\ \c \jhl\dX# \j leX \oZ\c\ek\ dXe\iX [\ Xgi\e[\i X i\[XZkXi p X i\cXZ`feXi cXj `[\Xj% GXiX cfj fkifj [fj k`gfj [\ \o}d\e\j d}j Zfdle\j k`gf k\jk p fiXc kXdY` e \o`jk\e leX j\i`\ [\ kilZfj hl\ d\afiXe [\ ]fidX Zfej`[\iXYc\ jl i\jlc$ kX[f% 8hl mXe Xc^leXj `[\Xj gXiX gfe\i \e gi}Zk`ZX \e \jk\

ÔeXc [\ Zlijf \e \c hl\ e`e^ e \jkl[`Xek\ [\Y\i X fcm`[Xij\ [\ hl\ ½ef cc\^X Zfe jXY\i# _Xp hl\ [\dfjkiXi hl\ j\ jXY\¾%

:( '(

Ă&#x201C;Y^W

L;DJ7@7I O :;IL;DJ7@7I <O8D<E <J:I@KF ;< ;<J8IIFCC8I

<O8D<E K@GF K<JK

<O8D<E FI8C

8 =8MFI

Â&#x203A; <j \c \oXd\e Zc}j`Zf# Zfe \c hl\ cfj \jkl[`Xek\j \jk}e d}j ]Xd`c`Xi`qX[fj% Â&#x203A; ?Xp c`Y\ikX[ gXiX \jkilZkliXi p \ogfe\i \c k\dX%

Â&#x203A; =XZ`c`kX cXj ZfjXj Xc hl\ ef k`\e\ cXj `[\Xj [\dXj`X[f ZcXiXj% Â&#x203A; CX Zfii\ZZ`Â?e \j d}j fYa\k`mX%

Â&#x203A; J`im\ [\ \jkÂ&#x2C6;dlcf gXiX jXY\ij\ Y`\e cX dXk\i`X% Â&#x203A; G\id`k\ hl\ \c gif]\jfi XZcXi\# Xpl[\ f `eZcljf f]i\qZX g`jkXj%

<E :FEKI8

Â&#x203A; ?Xp hl\ jXY\i i\[XZkXi% Â&#x203A; ?Xp hl\ k\e\i ZcXiXj cXj `[\Xj p jXY\i i\Ă&#x2022;\aXicXj gfi \jZi`kf \e le k`\dgf \jkXYc\Z`[f%

Â&#x203A; Jl\c\e g\eXc`qXi cfj \iifi\j% Â&#x203A; ?Xp Xc^Â&#x2019;e k`gf [\ gi\^lekXj hl\ Zfe]le[\e p cÂ&#x2C6;Xe%

Â&#x203A; GifmfZX dlZ_X Xej`\[X[# jfYi\ kf[f \e cfj d}j kÂ&#x2C6;d`[fj% Â&#x203A; Ef _Xp gfj`Y`c`[X[ [\ k\e\i le \j$ hl\dX [\cXek\ p _Xp gfZf k`\dgf gXiX i\Ă&#x2022;\o`feXi%

=8MFI<:< 8C HL< K@<E<Âż

Â&#x203A; :XgXZ`[X[ gXiX i\cXZ`feXi [`jk`e$ kfj Zfek\e`[fj% Â&#x203A; 9l\eX i\[XZZ`Â?e% Â&#x203A; 9l\e [fd`e`f [\ cX dXk\i`X%

Â&#x203A; :XgXZ`[X[ gXiX kiXYXaXi Zfe iXg`[\q% Â&#x203A; :fefZ`d`\ekfj aljk`kfj [\ cX dXk\i`X j\ cf jXY\ Zfe XcĂ&#x201D;c\i\j

Â&#x203A; 9l\eX Ă&#x2022;l`[\q m\iYXc% Â&#x203A; 9l\eX ZXgXZ`[X[ [\ i\XZZ`Â?e% Â&#x203A; IXg`[\q d\ekXc% Â&#x203A; ;fd`e`f [\ cX dXk\i`X% Â&#x203A; :Xi}Zk\i kiXehl`cf%

J< C< 8KI8>8EK8 8C HL<Âż

Â&#x203A; K`\e\ leX ZXc`^iX]Â&#x2C6;X \e[\dfe`X[X# Â&#x203A; J\ jXY\ dlp Y`\e cX dXk\i`X p ½ef Â&#x203A; <j `ej\^lif# e\im`fjf# Zfe XckXj ZXj` `c\^`Yc\% gl\[\ clZ`ij\ž% <j le k`gf [\ gil\$ [fj`j [\ Xej`\[X[% YX hl\ d`[\ Zfe d\efi gif]le[`$ Â&#x203A; K`\e\ Xc^Â&#x2019;e gifYc\dX i\cXZ`feX[f Â&#x203A; :fd\k\ XYle[Xek\j \iifi\j [X[ cfj XlkÂ&#x201E;ek`Zfj ZfefZ`d`\ekfj fikf^i}Ă&#x201D;Zfj% Zfe \c c\e^lXa\ gifYc\dXj [\ [\c Xcldef% [`ZZ`Â?e# kXikXdl[\qÂż % Â&#x203A; Ef \j ZXgXq [\ \jkilZkliXi cX `e]fidXZ`Â?e% Â&#x203A; <j dlp c\ekf \jZi`Y`\e[f%

8C>LE8J G@JK8J G8I8 GI<G8I8ICF

Â&#x203A; <cXYfiXi \jhl\dXj [\ kf[X cX dXk\i`X% Â&#x203A; I\gXjXi kf[fj cfj k\dXj% Â&#x203A; ?XZ\i Xc^lefj i\jÂ&#x2019;d\e\j gXiX \ejXpXi cX i\[XZZ`Â?e1 ef \j cf d`jdf k\e\i cfj [Xkfj hl\ jXY\i \ogi\jXicfj%

<C ;Ă 8 <HL@J

Â&#x203A; <e cX gi`d\iX gXik\ [\c k`\dgf# [\ Â&#x203A; C\\i cXj `ejkilZZ`fe\j Zfe dlZ_X , X (' d`elkfj# _Xp hl\ c\\i Zfe Xk\eZ`Â?e1 cfj \eleZ`X[fj X m\Z\j ZXcdX \c \eleZ`X[f# p \cXYfiXi le \jk}e i\[XZkX[fj gXiX \e^XÂ&#x152;Xi% ^l`Â?e \e leX _faX ½X jlZ`fž [\ cf Â&#x203A; ?Xp hl\ gi\^lekXi j` g\eXc`qXe cfj hl\ j\ mX X Zfek\jkXi% \iifi\j% <e ZXjf XĂ&#x201D;idXk`mf# ef _Xp Â&#x203A; 8 gXik`i [\ XhlÂ&#x2C6;# _Xp hl\ j\^l`i hl\ Zfek\jkXi j` ef _Xp leX i\cXk`$ \c ^l`Â?e# gifZliXe[f i\jg\kXi mX j\^li`[X[ [\ XZ\ikXi% J` ef _Xp jl \jkilZkliX% J`\dgi\ hl\ j\X g\eXc`qXZ`Â?e# _Xp hl\ Zfek\jkXi X fgfiklef# Zfem`\e\ `eZcl`i leXj kf[Xj cXj gi\^lekXj% ZfeZclj`fe\j Ă&#x201D;eXc\j% Â&#x203A; KilZf gXiX ef c`Xij\1 `ek\ekXi Â&#x203A; <e cfj Â&#x2019;ck`dfj Z`eZf f [`\q X[`m`eXi cX i\jgl\jkX Xek\j [\ c\\i d`elkfj# ¡`dgfikXekÂ&#x2C6;j`df # _Xp cXj [`jk`ekXj gfj`Y`c`[X[\j% J` Zf`e$ hl\ i\c\\i cf \jZi`kf p Zfii\^`i cfj Z`[\ Zfe Xc^leX [\ cXj fgZ`fe\j# gfj`Yc\j \iifi\j% j\^liXd\ek\ j\X \jX cX Zfii\ZkX% J` ef Zf`eZ`[\ Zfe e`e^leX# _Xp hl\ `i \c`d`eXe[f cXj hl\ ef k`\e\e j\ek`[f _XjkX hl\[Xij\ Zfe cX d}j gifYXYc\%

Â&#x203A; ?Xp hl\ k\e\i leX m`j`Â?e ^\e\iXc [\ kf[X cX dXk\i`X% Â&#x203A; G\if jfYi\ kf[f _Xp hl\ d\dfi`$ qXi kf[fj cfj g\hl\Â&#x152;fj [Xkfj%

Â&#x203A; I\gXjXi kf[fj cfj k\dXj \e mfq XckX# gi`d\if Zfe \c \jhl\dX \jZi`kf [\cXek\ p [\jglÂ&#x201E;j j`e Â&#x201E;c% P j`\dgi\ Zfe le ZifeÂ?d\kif [\cXek\% Â&#x203A; GiXZk`ZXi Zfe cfj ZfdgXÂ&#x152;\ifj%

Â&#x203A; DfjkiXi ZfeĂ&#x201D;XeqX p j\^li`[X[ \e lef d`jdf cXj k`cXj Xpl[Xe % Â&#x203A; Ef k\e\i d`\[f X XZcXiXi cf hl\ \jk}e gi\^lekXe[f1 cfj e\im`fj Zi\Xe Zfe]lj`Â?e% Â&#x203A; J\^l`i cX j`^l`\ek\ j\Zl\eZ`X [\ i\jgl\jkX1 efdYiXi cXj `[\Xj gi`eZ`gXc\j# [\jXiifccXicXj p XZXYXi Zfe cXj ZfeZclj`fe\j% Â&#x203A; <e ZXjf [\ hl\[Xij\ \e YcXeZf1 _XZ\ij\ gi\^lekXj jfYi\ \c k\dX# i\g\k`i [\ ]fidX [`jk`ekX Xc^Â&#x2019;e Xjg\Zkf f i\jld`i cf \ogl\jkf% Â&#x203A; J` \j gfj`Yc\# lk`c`qXi d\[`fj Xlo`c`Xi\j1 \eZ\iX[f# ^i}Ă&#x201D;ZfjÂż

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:( ')

ÓY^W

>l X gXiX mXcfiXi cfj i\jlckX[fj

5NõPOCOõDEõAUTOCR»TICA LeX `ed\ejX Xc\^i X# gfi cXj \jg\iX[Xj mXZXZ`fe\j ki`d\jkiXc\j2 g\if kXdY` e Z`\ikf ½[\jXZfl^f¾ Xek\ cXj k\d`[Xj efkXj [\ cX gi`d\iX f cX j\^le[X \mXclXZ` e% Cfj j\ek`d`\ekfj j\ \eki\d\qZcXe# \jkfj [ Xj# \e leX Yl\eX gXik\ [\ cfj \jkl[`Xek\j% JfYi\ kf[f \e Xhl\ccfj hl\# X \jkXj XckliXj# pX jXY\e hl\ cfj i\jlckX[fj ef mXe X j\i kXe Yl\efj Zfdf [\Y\i Xe% G\if ef \j dfd\ekf [\ cXd\ekXij\# pX \j [\dXj`X[f kXi[\# p gfi jlgl\jkf# kXdgfZf [\ k`iXi cX kfXccX% Hl\[X dlZ_f Zlijf gfi [\cXek\# p X_fiX kfZX _XZ\i le gfZf [\ XlkfZi k`ZX gXiX \m`kXi Zfd\k\i cfj d`jdfj \iifi\j \e \c gi o`df ki`d\jki\%

<c gi`d\i gXjf \j XeXc`qXi Xc ^ilgf [\ Xcldefj [\ ZcXj\ \e jl Zfealekf# pX hl\ cfj ]Xccfj dlZ_Xj m\Z\j jfe Zfdle\j% :fe \jkXj [`\q gi\^lekXj j\ gl\[\ \dg\qXi X _XZ\i leX i\Õ\o` e [\ XlcX p Zfdgif$ d\k\ij\ Zfe \c klkfi X _XZ\i Xc^lefj ZXdY`fj1

(% MXcfiX \c i\e[`d`\ekf XZX[ $ d`Zf [\ cX ZcXj\ \e \c gi`d\i ki`d\jki\ [\c Zlijf gfj`k`mf# e\^Xk`mf# `ii\^lcXi# `ejlÔZ`\e$ k\# jlg\i`fi %

)% :XljXj [\ \j\ i\e[`d`\ekf% *% 8j`^eXkliXj \e cXj hl\ \c i\$ jlckX[f _X j`[f d}j e\^Xk`mf% Gfj`Yc\j ZXljXj%

+% MXcfiX \c XdY`\ek\ ^\e\iXc [\ cX ZcXj\ \e \jkX gi`d\iX \mXclXZ` e%

,% ¶?X _XY`[f Xc^ e ZfeÕ`Zkf \e ZfeZi\kf6 ¶: df j\ _X jfclZ`feX[f6

-% ¶: df _X j`[f cX i\cXZ` e gif]\jfi$Xcldef \e cXj [`j$ k`ekXj dXk\i`Xj6

.% MXcfiX cX ZXek`[X[ [\ kiX$ YXafj hl\ _Xe dXe[X[f gXiX ZXjX1 ¶jlÔZ`\ek\j# \jZXjfj# \oZ\j`mfj6

/% CX [`jki`YlZ` e [\ \o}d\e\j X cf cXi^f [\c ki`d\jki\# ¶_X j`[f Zfii\ZkX6

0% <c [\c\^X[f [\ ZcXj\# ¶_X jX$ Y`[f kiXejd`k`i cXj `ehl`\kl[\j p gifgl\jkXj Xc klkfi6

('% Gifg e XZklXZ`fe\j ZfeZi\$ kXj \e \c ^ilgf gXiX d\afiXi cfj i\jlckX[fj [\c gi o`df ki`d\jki\

I\Zk`ÔZXi \j [\ jXY`fj J` cXj ZfjXj ef _Xe `[f kf[f cf Y`\e hl\ k\ `dX^`eXYXj# ef k\ [\jXe`d\j% Cf d\afi hl\ gl\$ [\j _XZ\i \j i\Õ\o`feXi jfYi\ cfj Xjg\Zkfj \e cfj hl\ _Xj ]X$ ccX[f2 gifgfe\i gfi \jZi`kf cXj XZklXZ`fe\j hl\ g`\ejXj cc\mXi X ZXYf gXiX d\afiXi cX j`klX$ Z` e p XZfi[Xi Zfe klj gX[i\j le el\mf \jk`cf [\ m`[X% Gl\[\j Xgifm\Z_Xi cXj ZXdgXeX[Xj [\ =`e [\ 8 f gXiX ]fidXc`qXi klj Yl\efj gifg j`kfj%%%M\i}j hl\ i\jlckX dlp ]}Z`c _XZ\i cXj ZfjXj Y`\e%

<E 9I<M< EFK8J# ÂśG8I8 HLy6 I\Zl\i[X hl\ cX Ă&#x201D;eXc`[X[ [\ cXj efkXj hl\ j\ \eki\^Xe \e ZX[X \mXclXZ`Â?e ef \j cX [\ ]Xjk`[`Xik\ cXj mXZXZ`fe\j# e` dlZ_f d\efj cX [\ [`j^ljkXi X kl ]Xd`c`X# \e \c ZXjf [\ hl\ cfj i\jlckX[fj ef _XpXe j`[f cfj \jg\iX[fj% <e i\Xc`[X[ cXj efkXj j`im\e gXiX `e]fidXifj gfi \jZi`kf# X k` p X klj gX[i\j# [\ Zl}c \j kl i\e[`d`\ekf _XjkX \jk\ dfd\ekf% <e \ccXj ef jfcf j\ i\Ă&#x2022;\aX cX gleklXZ`Â?e fYk\e`$ [X \e cfj \o}d\e\j1 cX XZk`kl[ \e ZcXj\# cX gXik`Z`gXZ`Â?e \e \c ^ilgf f \c kiXYXaf [`Xi`f jfe Xjg\Zkfj [\k\id`eXek\j gXiX cX gleklXZ`Â?e Ă&#x201D;eXc%

:( ')

Ă&#x201C;Y^W FEDJ; 7 FHK;87

Gf[\i# hl\i\i# jXY\i \jkl[`XiÂż p \jkXi \e Zfe[`Z`fe\j [\ _XZ\icf% F# \e fkiXj gXcXYiXj1 ZXgXZ`[X[# XZk`kl[# dÂ&#x201E;kf[f [\ \jkl[`f p Z`iZlejkXeZ`Xj g\ijfeXc\j% <e \jfj ZlXkif Xjg\Zkfj j\ gl\[\e \e^cfYXi cfj dÂ&#x2019;ck`gc\j ]XZkfi\j hl\# \e \c Xjg\Zkf `e[`m`[lXc# gl\[\e _XY\i `ek\i]\i`[f \e \c i\e[`d`\ekf \jZfcXi [\ ZX[X lef [\ mfjfkifj% 8kiÂ&#x201E;m\k\ X ZfdgifYXicf dXiZXe[f \e Xqlc cfj \eleZ`X[fj hl\ ZldgcXj p \e ifaf cfj hl\ ef mXpXe Zfek`^f% <jfj# gi\Z`jXd\ek\# jfe cfj Xjg\Zkfj hl\ [\Y\j Zfdgifd\k\ik\ X d\afiXi \c giÂ?o`df ki`d\jki\%

GL<;F F C\f Zfe Ă&#x2022;l`[\q ZlXc$

hl`\i k\okf% F :fdgi\e[f cf hl\ c\f% F Jfp ZXgXq [\ \ogi\jXi

d`j `[\Xj gfi \jZi`kf% F Ef Zfd\kf ZXj` e`e^Â&#x2019;e

\iifi [\ fikf^iX]Â&#x2C6;X% F K\e^f leX Yl\eX

\ogi\j`Â?e fiXc% F 8j`d`cf Zfe ]XZ`c`[X[

cfj Zfek\e`[fj% F JÂ&#x201E; iXqfeXi le gifYc\$

dX dXk\d}k`Zf% F Jfp }^`c Zfe \c Z}cZlcf

[\ fg\iXZ`fe\j Y}j`$ ZXj% F Jfp ZXgXq [\ j`ek\k`qXi

cXj `[\Xj% F K\e^f le mfZXYlcXi`f

d}j f d\efj Xdgc`f% F J\ d\ [X Y`\e cX i\jf$

clZ`Â?e [\ gifYc\dXj% F K\e^f leX Yl\eX

ZXgXZ`[X[ \jgXZ`Xc gXiX i\gi\j\ekXi ]fidXj ^\fdÂ&#x201E;ki`ZXj# gfi \a\dgcf %

HL@<IF F 8j`jkf j`\dgi\ X ZcXj\#

jXcmf ZXljX [\ ]l\iqX dXpfi% F 8k`\e[f X cXj \ogc`ZX$

Z`fe\j [\c gif]\jfi F Ef d\ Zfikf \e gi\$

^lekXi ZlXe[f k\e^f [l[Xj% F ?X^f j`\dgi\ cfj

[\Y\i\j p cfj kiXYXafj hl\ dXe[Xe gXiX ZXjX% F <jkXYc\qZf leX Yl\eX

i\cXZ`Â?e Zfe kf[fj d`j gif]\jfi\j% F :fcXYfif Zfe d`j

ZfdgXÂ&#x152;\ifj [\ ZcXj\ gXiX _XZ\i kiXYXafj Zfc\Zk`mfj% F JXc^f mfclekXi`f

ZlXe[f \c gif]\jfi cf g`[\% F :ffg\if Zfdf \c hl\

d}j ZlXe[f j\ kiXkX [\ _XZ\i kiXYXafj \e ^ilgfj F <eki\^f cfj kiXYXafj

Jy ?8:<ICF F <e ZXjX k\e^f le

cl^Xi [\ \jkl[`f Y`\e XZfe[`Z`feX[f p Ă&#x201D;af% F ;\[`Zf Xc d\efj

[fj _fiXj [`Xi`Xj Xc \jkl[`f% F ;liXek\ \j\ k`\dgf#

Xlehl\ _X^X Xc^Â&#x2019;e g\hl\Â&#x152;f [\jZXejf# ef g`\i[f cX ZfeZ\ekiX$ Z`Â?e% F Lk`c`qf le dÂ&#x201E;kf[f

[\ \jkl[`f Zfe Z`eZf gXjfj1 Ă&#x2021; C\f Ă&#x2021; JlYiXpf Ă&#x2021; <jhl\dXk`qf Ă&#x2021; D\dfi`qf Ă&#x2021; I\gXjf F Fi^Xe`qf \c k`\dgf [\

\jkl[`f p [\ i\gXjfj Xek\j [\ cfj \o}d\$ e\j% F CX efZ_\ Xek\j [\c

\oXd\e [\jZXejf cf jlĂ&#x201D;Z`\ek\% F :lXe[f d\ \eki\^Xe

Xek\j [\ cX ]\Z_X cÂ&#x2C6;d`k\%

\c \oXd\e Zfii\^`[f# i\m`jf cXj gi\^lekXj \e cXj hl\ _\ ]XccX[f%

F <e ZcXj\ eleZX d\

F 8glekf \e leX X^\e[X

k`\e\e hl\ ccXdXi cX Xk\eZ`Â?e gfi dXc ZfdgfikXd`\ekf%

cX ]\Z_X [\ \eki\^X [\ kiXYXafj p \o}d\e\j%

P <JKFP <E :FE;@:@FE<J F Ef k\e^f gifYc\dXj

]Xd`c`Xi\j `dgfikXek\j hl\ d\ \jkÂ&#x201E;e g\ikli$ YXe[f% F K\e^f ZfeĂ&#x201D;XeqX \e dÂ&#x2C6;

d`jdf% F ;l\idf ZX[X [Â&#x2C6;X cf

jlĂ&#x201D;Z`\ek\ Xci\[\[fi [\ fZ_f _fiXj % F :fdf le gfZf [\

kf[f `eZcl`[Xj cXj c\^ldYi\j p cXj m\i[l$ iXj g\if j`e \oZ\jfj% F D\ j`\ekf dfk`mX[f

gXiX \jkl[`Xi% F K\e^f Xc d\efj Xc^Â&#x2019;e

Xd`^f Zfe \c hl\ jÂ&#x201E; hl\ gl\[f ZfekXi% F :fekifcf d`j e\im`fj

`eZcljf \e Â&#x201E;gfZX [\ \o}d\e\j% F <e ^\e\iXc# d\ j`\ekf

Y`\e Zfed`^f d`jdf% F D` j`klXZ`Â?e j\ek`d\e$

kXc ef `ek\iĂ&#x201D;\i\ \e d`j \jkl[`fj% F K\e^f ZcXif hl\

\jkl[`Xi \j cf d\afi hl\ gl\[f _XZ\i gfi d` ]lklif%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

<?9>7

:) %DUCACIĂ&#x20AC;NĂľ PARAĂľLAĂľ SALUD <c XcZf_fc p \c kXYXZf jfe cXj [if^Xj c\^Xc\j d}j Zfejld`[Xj gfi cfj X[fc\jZ\ek\j% CX jfZ`\[X[ \jgXÂ&#x152;fcX _X j`[f [liXek\ XÂ&#x152;fj dlp kfc\iXek\ Zfe \jkXj jljkXeZ`Xj# X g\jXi [\ hl\ _fp \e [Â&#x2C6;X j\ jXY\ hl\ jl Zfejldf \jk} i\cXZ`feX[f Zfe cXj gi`eZ`gXc\j ZXljXj [\ dl\ik\ [\ el\jkif gXÂ&#x2C6;j% Gfi fkif cX[f# \o`jk\ le gfiZ\ekXa\ ZX[X m\q dXpfi [\ e`Â&#x152;fj p aÂ?m\e\j Zfe kiXjkfiefj [\ Xc`d\ekXZ`Â?e fY\j`[X[# Xefi\o`X# Ylc`d`X hl\ \e fZXj`fe\j ef jfe [\k\ZkX[fj X k`\dgf% <jk\ ^ilgf [\ XikÂ&#x2C6;Zlcfj gl\[\ j\im`i [\ Xgfpf \e cX gl\jkX \e gi}Zk`ZX [\ gif^iXdXj [\ gi\m\eZ`Â?e i\cXZ`feX[fj Zfe cfj kiXjkfiefj [\ jXcl[ d}j _XY`klXc\j \e cX `e]XeZ`X p \e cX X[fc\jZ\eZ`X%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:) '

ÓY^W

Cfj dXcfj _ldfj [\ cX X[fc\jZ\eZ`X

&UMARõAõLOSõTRECE Ki\Z\ X `kfj# e` lef d}j% <jkX \j cX \[X[ d\[`X [\ `e`Z`f \e \c Zfejldf [\ kXYXZf [\ cfj a m\e\j \jgX fc\j% <e ZfeZi\kf# \c *' [\ cfj d\efi\j [\ (/ X fj# ZXdlÕXe ZX[X [ X \e jl dfZ_`cX le gXhl\k\ [\ Z`^Xii`ccfj# X g\jXi [\ hl\ \c ZXik\c`kf Zfe ]fidXkf [\ \jhl\cX \jk} Y`\e ZcXif1 ½]ldXi dXkX¾% :Xj` \c 0' [\ \jkfj Z_`Zfj hl\ \dg`\qXe X ]ldXi Zfek`elXi} _XZ` e[fcf \e \c ]lklif% <e kf[f ZXjf# j` k \i\j lef [\ \ccfj# \j Yl\ef hl\ Xc d\efj j\gXj cf hl\ k\ \jk}j d\k`\e[f \e \c Zl\igf% GXiX \dg\qXi# \c kXYXZf Zfe$ k`\e\ Z\iZX [\ +%''' jljkXeZ`Xj [`jk`ekXj# cX dXpfi X [\ \ccXj ZXeZ\i ^\eXj# hl\ j\ ZcXj`ÔZXe \e ZlXkif ^ilgfj% CX ]XdfjX e`Zfk`eX# hl\ \j cX i\jgfejXYc\ [\ cX [\g\e[\eZ`X gj hl`ZX2 \c dfe o`[f [\ ZXiYfef# hl\ ZXl$ jX \c (, [\ cXj \e]\id\[X[\j ZXi[`fmXjZlcXi\j2 cfj X^\ek\j `ii`kXek\j# hl\ XZk Xe [`i\Z$ kXd\ek\ jfYi\ cfj Yifehl`fj2 p cfj X^\ek\j ZXeZ\i ^\efj f Xchl`kiXe\j# hl\ jfe cfj i\j$ gfejXYc\j [\c *' [\ kf[fj cfj k`gfj [\ Z}eZ\i\j p [\c 0' [\c [\ glcd e%

½G\if gfi le Z`^Xii`kf [\ m\q \e ZlXe[f ef gXjX eX[X¾# g\e$ jXi}j% Gl\j gfi le jfcf g`k`ccf Zfej\^l`i}j Xld\ekXi \c i`kdf ZXi[ XZf# cX ]i\Zl\eZ`X i\jg`$ iXkfi`X p cX k\ej` e Xik\i`Xc% 8[\d}j# cf Z`\ikf \j hl\ \c Zfejldf d\[`f \eki\ cfj a $ m\e\j [\ \eki\ (* p (/ X fj ef \j [\ lef [`Xi`f# j`ef [\ . l /# cf hl\ ef \jk} eX[X dXc% Gfi Z`\ikf# cXj Z_`ZXj ]ldXe d}j hl\ cfj Z_`Zfj1 \ccXj i\gi\j\e$ kXe \c ** # \ccfj \c )+ % <e Ôe# kXe YfdYXi[\X[fj Zfdf \jkXdfj Zfe Z`]iXj \jg\clqeXe$ k\j [\ \e]\id\[X[\j p dl\ik\j X ZXljX [\ \jk\ m`Z`f# hl` e d}j hl` e d\efj _fp \e [ X kf[f \c dle[f \jk} `e]fidX[f [\ cXj Zfej\Zl\eZ`Xj [\ cX X[`ZZ` e X cX e`Zfk`eX# hl\ Xj\^liXe hl\ \e^XeZ_X Z`eZf m\Z\j d}j hl\ leX [if^X kXe c\kXc Zfdf cX _\$ if eX% ;\ _\Z_f# cXj \dgi\jXj kXYXhl\iXj# ZfejZ`\ek\j [\ hl\ cX dXpfi X [\ cfj ]ldX[fi\j \dg`\qXe \e cX X[fc\jZ\eZ`X# ^XjkXe ZX[X X f Y`ccfe\j [\ g\$ j\kXj \e ZXdgX Xj [`i`^`[Xj X cfj a m\e\j% <e \ccXj kiXkXe [\ Zfem\eZ\i [\ hl\ ]ldXi \j [\ Z_`Zfj XkiXZk`mfj# i\Y\c[\j p ki`le]X[fi\j% P cf [`Z\e kf[fj cfj hl\ cf _Xe gifYX[f1 d\afi \j ef \dg\qXi%

<E 9I<M< D<EL;8J :@=I8J :`eZf d`ccfe\j% JÂ&#x2C6;# Z`eZf d`$ ccfe\j# g\if ef [\ \lifj e` [\ Z`^Xii`ccfj% :`eZf d`ccfe\j [\ dl\ikfj Xc XÂ&#x152;f \e kf[f \c dle[f X Zfej\Zl\eZ`X [\c kXYXhl`jdf% <e <jgXÂ&#x152;X cfj ]l$ dX[fi\j i\gi\j\ekXe le *+ gfi Z`\ekf [\ cX gfYcXZ`Â?e# lefj () d`ccfe\j [\ g\ijfeXj% ;\ \ccfj# \c .' gfi Z`\ekf hl`\i\e [\aXi$ cf% G\if ef \j kXe ]}Z`c%

9<9yJ HL< =LD8E

:) '

Ă&#x201C;Y^W F?xDI7BE KD FE9E I8QFE<J G8I8 =LD8I

I8QFE<J G8I8 EF =LD8I

(% =ldXi d\ _XZ\ d}j XkiXZk`mf%

(% CX kfj Zi�e`ZX# \c dXc Xc`\ekf# cX g`\c XgX^X[X f leX jfei`jX Zfe [`\ek\j XdXi`ccfj ef d\ Zfem`\i$ k\e \e le ½Yfcc`kfž gi\Z`jXd\ek\%

)% Pf [\aXiÂ&#x201E; [\ ]ldXi ZlXe[f d\ [Â&#x201E; cX ^XeX# [\ dfd\ekf [`j]ilkf%

)% CX dXpfiÂ&#x2C6;X [\ cX ^\ek\ ef Zfej`^l\ [\aXi [\ ]ldXi# Xle ZlXe[f cX d`kX[ [\ cfj ]ldX[fi\j `ek\ekXife [\aXicf gfi cf d\efj leX m\q%

*% Cfj hl\ [`Z\e hl\ ]ldXi \j dXcf \oX^\iXe%

*% <c 0' [\ cfj ZXjfj [\ Z}eZ\i [\ glcdÂ?e j\ [Xe \e cfj ]ldX[fi\j% <c kXYXZf kXdY`Â&#x201E;e \j \c i\jgfejXYc\ [\c ., [\ cXj Yifehl`k`j ZiÂ?e`ZXj p [\c ), [\ cfj `e]Xikfj [\ d`fZXi[`f p Xe^`eXj [\ g\Z_f%

+% Kf[XmÂ&#x2C6;X jfp afm\e% Gfi X_fiX \c kXYXZf ef gl\[\ _XZ\id\ [XÂ&#x152;f%

+% <c \]\Zkf [\ ]ldXi \j `ed\[`Xkf# d` Zl\igf i\XZZ`feX \e j\^le[fj% <jkf \j cf hl\ X]\ZkX Xc fi^Xe`jdf1

CX jXcl[ [\ cfj e`Â&#x152;fj hl\ m`m\e Zfe gX[i\j ]ldX[fi\j jl]i\ \c d`jdf [XÂ&#x152;f hl\ j` Zfejld`\iXe /' Z`^Xii`ccfj Xc XÂ&#x152;f# X[m`\ik\ cX JfZ`\[X[ DX[i`c\Â&#x152;X [\ E\ldfcf^Â&#x2C6;X p :`il^Â&#x2C6;X Kfi}Z`ZX% 8[\d}j# j\ _X [\dfjkiX[f hl\ \c +' [\ cfj e`Â&#x152;fj hl\ gi\j\ekXe \e]\id\[X[\j i\jg`iXkfi`Xj ZiÂ?e`ZXj jfe ]ldX[fi\j gXj`$ mfj# \e ^\e\iXc gfi jl \ekfief ]Xd`c`Xi%

Ă&#x2021;:fiXqÂ?e1 Z`\iiX cXj m\eXj# _XZ`\e[f hl\ c\ j\X d}j [`]Â&#x2C6;Z`c ]leZ`feXi p YfdY\Xi cX jXe^i\ Xc fi^Xe`jdf% CX kXjX ZXi[Â&#x2C6;XZX Xld\ekX# jfd\$ k`\e[f Xc ZfiXqÂ?e X dXpfi \j]l\iqf% Ă&#x2021;Glcdfe\j1 `ii`kX \ `eĂ&#x2022;XdX cfj Yifehl`fj# [`Ă&#x201D;ZlckX cX i\jg`iXZ`Â?e% Ă&#x2021;9fZX1 [XÂ&#x152;X cX g`\c [\ cXY`fj# c\e^lX p ^Xi^XekX# gif[lZ`\e[f `e]\ZZ`fe\j p [`jkfij`feXe[f \c jXYfi [\ cX Zfd`[Xj% Ă&#x2021;EXi`q1 `ii`kX cX dlZfjX# \dg\fiX \c fc]Xkf% Ă&#x2021;G`\c1 gif[lZ\ j\hl\[X[ p Xiil^Xj% ,% Kf[f \c dle[f ]ldX# `eZcljf d`j gX[i\j f d`j gif]\jfi\j

,% Jfcf cf _XZ\e \c *' [\ cfj X[lckfj p \c (/ [\ cfj X[fc\jZ\ek\j% 8[\d}j# dlZ_fj [\ cfj hl\ X_fiX ]ldXe \dg\qXife X _XZ\icf Xek\j [\ hl\ j\ [\jZlYi`\j\ hl\ ]ldXi \iX kXe efZ`mf gXiX cX jXcl[% 8 dlZ_fj [\ \ccfj c\j ^ljkXiÂ&#x2C6;X [\aXicf# g\if ef jfe ZXgXZ\j%

-% =ldXi d\ i\cXaX¿ ¡p \jk} kXe i`Zf

-% <e i\Xc`[X[ cX e`Zfk`eX XZkÂ&#x2019;X Zfdf \jk`dlcXek\ p gfi kXekf ef kiXehl`c`qX eX[X% <e ZlXekf Xc jXYfiÂż cf Z`\ikf \j hl\ ZlXe[f pX k\ _Xj ]ldX[f le gXhl\k\ ¡jXY\ ]XkXc

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:) (

ÓY^W

8[fc\jZ\ek\j hl\ mXe [\ ZfgXj

5NAõMEZCLAõEXPLOSIVAõ Jfe d`c\j [\ X[fc\jZ\ek\j \jgX fc\j cfj hl\ ZX[X X f ½j\ \jki\eXe¾ \e cfj YXi\j p j\ Zfem`\ik\e \e Zfejld`[fi\j [\ XcZf_fc _XY`klXc\j [\ Ôe [\ j\dXeX% Kf[f \jkf fZlii\ \e le dfd\ekf _`jk i`Zf \e \c hl\ jlgl\jkXd\ek\ \o`jk\ leX `e]fidXZ` e dlp ZcXiX XZ\iZX [\ cXj Zfej\Zl\eZ`Xj e\^Xk`mXj hl\ XZXii\X% ¶F ef \jk} kXe ZcXiX6 Cf Z`\ikf \j hl\ Z\iZX [\ cX d`kX[ [\ cfj X[lckfj \jgX fc\j Zfejld\e XcZf_fc# p hl\ [\ \ccfj ZXj` \c (( gfi Z`\ekf jfe Y\Y\[fi\j \oZ\j`mfj# \j [\Z`i# `e^`\i\e ., Z\ek d\kifj Z Y`Zfj% [\ XcZf_fc [`Xi`fj d}j [\ Z`eZf ZfgXj f [\ [fZ\ mXjfj [\ m`ef %

KXdY` e jfe dlZ_fj cfj X[f$ c\jZ\ek\j hl\ Y\Y\e gXiX j\e$ k`ij\ d\afi# fcm`[Xe[f \c k\d`$ [f \]\Zkf i\Yfk\ Xc hl\ [X cl^Xi% <c gifZ\jf \j \c j`^l`\ek\1 \c XcZf_fc j\ XYjfiY\ X kiXm j [\ cXj gXi\[\j [\c \jk dX^f p [\c `ek\jk`ef p gXjX [`i\ZkXd\ek\ X cX Zfii`\ek\ jXe^l e\X# hl\ cf kiXejgfikX _XjkX \c Z\i\Yif% 8hl XZk X Zfdf le [\gi\jfi# cf hl\ j`^e`ÔZX hl\ _XZ\ d}j gXljX[f jl ]le$ Z`feXd`\ekf1 i\XZZ`fe\j c\ekXj# _XYcX le kXekf [\$ jXik`ZlcX[X# gfZfj i\Õ\afj¿ <e \jkX ]Xj\ lef j\ j`\ek\ i\cXaX[f# Zfek\ekf# `eZcljf \l] i`Zf% ;\jgl j [\ leXj _fiXj# cXj Z $ clcXj [\c Z\i\Yif `ek\ekXe i\$ Zlg\iXi \c \hl`c`Yi`f g\i[`[f# gfi cf hl\ j\ ]l\iqXe \ `eZi\$ d\ekXe jl e`m\c [\ XZk`mXZ` e% 8_fiX \c fi^Xe`jdf j\ j`\ek\ `ehl`\kf# e\im`fjf p \e]\idf% <jkX Zfe[`Z` e j\ ZfefZ\ Zfe \c efdYi\ [\ i\jXZX% 8j # cXj g\ijfeXj hl\ Y\Y\e gXiX fcm`[Xi XZXYXe YXjkXek\ d}j

[\gi`d`[Xj [\ cf hl\ \jkXYXe Xek\j%%%

:X X Xc Zl\igf LeX g\ijfeX hl\ ef Y\Y\ _XY`klXcd\ek\ gl\[\ j\ek`i$ j\ X]\ZkX[X gfi kfdXi leX Z\im\qX# d`\ekiXj hl\ le

Y\Y\[fi \dg\[\ie`[f f kf$ c\iXek\ ef \dg`\qX X j\ek`ij\ Xc\^i\ _XjkX cX j gk`dX ife[X% ?XYi X hl\ gi\^lekXic\j X cfj ZfiXqfe\j# _ ^X[fj p Z\i\Yifj [\ \jkfj Y\Y\[fi\j hl kXc cf cc\mXe¿

<E 9I<M< ¡HLy D8C 8c^lefj ZfdgfikXd`\ekfj g\$ efjfj [\c Zfejldf [\ XcZf_fc jfe cXj g\c\Xj p [`jZlj`fe\j m`fc\ekXj# le kfef [\ mfq [\$ dXj`X[f Xckf# [`Ă&#x201D;ZlckX[\j gXiX Xe[Xi# i\XZZ`fe\j \dfZ`feXc\j [\ ccXekfÂż f cX `eZXgXZ`[X[ [\ gi\m\i cXj Zfej\Zl\eZ`Xj [\ [\k\id`eX[Xj XZZ`fe\j%

:) (

Ă&#x201C;Y^W ;DJH; ;B C?JE O B7 H;7B?:7: <C D@KF

C8 :IL;8 I<8C@;8;

(% CX d\afi dXe\iX [\ fcm`[Xij\ [\ cfj dXcfj ifccfj \j Y\Y\i leX Yl\eX [fj`j [\ XcZf_fc%

(% <j Z`\ikf hl\ \c XcZf_fc gif[lZ\ leX j\ejXZ`Â?e k\dgfiXc [\ Y`\e\jkXi# jfYi\ kf[f ZlXe[f jl Zfejldf \j df[\iX[f% J`e \dYXi^f# Xc g\iÂ&#x2C6;f[f [\ ½j\ek`ij\ Y`\ež c\ j`^l\ \c ½YXaÂ?ež# hl\ \j ZlXe[f lef j\ \eZl\ekiX ZXejX[f# [\gi`d`[f p e\im`fjf%

)% 9\Y\i XcZf_fc Xpl[X X [fid`i d\afi%

)% J` k\ gXjXj Zfe \c XcZf_fc# j\^lif hl\ XZXYXj hl\[}e[fk\ [fid`[f% G\if Zfdf fZlii\ Zfe fkiXj [if^Xj# \c jl\Â&#x152;f hl\ j`^l\ X leX YfiiXZ_\iX ef \j i\gXiX[fi e` i\cXaXek\ ef j\ cc\^X X cX ]Xj\ I<D [\c jl\Â&#x152;f# cX d}j gif]le[X % D}j Y`\e k\ [\jg\ikXi}j ZXejX[f# fa\ifjf p [Â&#x201E;Y`c%

*% 8 eX[`\ c\ j`\ekX dXc Xc\^iXij\ le gfZf [\ m\q \e ZlXe[f%

*% <c XcZf_fc \j cX [if^X d}j \ok\e[`[X \e <jgXÂ&#x152;X p jl \oZ\jf gif[lZ\ dlZ_fj kiXjkfiefj ^Xjkif`e$ k\jk`eXc\j# ZXi[Â&#x2C6;XZfj# e\lifcÂ?^`Zfj# gj`hl`}ki`Zfj# j\olXc\j p [\ ^\jkXZ`Â?e% <j i\jgfejXYc\ [\ cX dl\ik\ [\ leXj ('%''' g\ijfeXj ZX[X XÂ&#x152;f%

+% CXj [if^Xj [liXj jÂ&#x2C6; hl\ jfe le gifYc\dX# g\if \c XcZf_fc ef%

+% ?Xp dlZ_Xj d}j g\ijfeXj Zfe gifYc\dXj [\ XcZf_fc`jdf hl\ Zfe gifYc\dXj [\ Zfejldf [\ _\ifÂ&#x2C6;eX# \e leX i\cXZ`Â?e [\ lef X [`\q%

,% D`\ekiXj ef d\ jXc^X [\ d` m`ef p d` Z\im\qXÂż

,% CXj gifgfiZ`fe\j jfe1 Ă&#x2021;J`[iX1 )$/ ^iX[fj Ă&#x2021;:\im\qX1 +$0 ^iX[fj Ă&#x2021;M`ef1 ('$() ^iX[fj Ă&#x2021;8^lXi[`\ek\# n_`jbp# c`Zfi\j f ZfÂ&#x152;XZ1 +'$+, ^iX[fj

-% K\e^f dlZ_f X^lXek\Âż pf jfp Zfdf leX \jgfeaX% -% :fdf fZlii\ Zfe fkiXj [if^Xj# ZlXekf d}j XcZf_fc j\ Y\Y\ d}j j\ e\Z\j`kX gXiX gif[lZ`i cfj d`jdfj \]\Zkfj% <j [\Z`i# ZlXekf d}j kfc\iXek\ \j el\jkif Zl\igf Xc XcZf_fc# dXpfi \j el\jkiX [\g\e[\eZ`X ]Â&#x2C6;j`ZX [\ cX Y\Y`[X% .% Jfp d}j XkiXZk`mf p j`dg}k`Zf ZlXe[f Y\Yf%

.% CX d`iX[X ZXi^X[X# cX ]XckX [\ \hl`c`Yi`f# cX c\e^lX [\ \jkifgXaf# cX i`jX kfekX p \c fcfi X m`ef ef k\ Zfem`\ik\e \e le ifdg\ZfiXqfe\j# gi\Z`jXd\ek\Âż

5 G8I8 J89<I DĂ?J

:X[\iefj gXiX X k`kfiÂ&#x2C6;X$gif^iXdX gXiX f [\j\emfcm\d\ekf g\ijfXc \ jfZ`Xc OlekX [\ >Xc`Z`X

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:) )

ÓY^W

<[lZXZ` e m`Xc (

!LCOHOLõ õJUVENTUDõ õVELOCIDADõ õUNAõFÀRMULAõMORTAL Jfcf i\gi\j\ekXe X cX hl`ekX gXik\ [\ cX gfYcXZ` e \jgX fcX# g\if gifkX^fe`qXe \c *' [\ cXj efk`Z`Xj ki}^`ZXj [\ cfj cle\j% ?XYcXdfj [\ cfj a m\e\j [\ \eki\ (, p )0 X fj p [\ cX gi`d\iX ZXljX [\ dl\ik\ X \jkXj \[X[\j1 cfj XZZ`[\ek\j [\ ki}ÔZf%

CXj \jkX[ jk`ZXj j\ dXek`\e\e Ôid\j# X f kiXj X f# Xc ZfeÔi$ dXi leX k\e[\eZ`X1 cX dXpfi X [\ cXj [\j^iXZ`Xj fZlii\e [l$ iXek\ \c Ôe [\ j\dXeX# \eki\ cXj [fZ\ [\ cX efZ_\ p cXj j\`j [\ cX dX XeX# p ZXj` \e cX d`kX[ [\ cfj ZXjfj XjfZ`X[Xj X

XcZf_fc\d`Xj gfj`k`mXj p \c\$ mX[Xj% ;\ ZX[X ki\j a m\e\j hl\ ]Xcc\Z\e \e XZZ`[\ek\j [\ ki}ÔZf i\cXZ`feX[Xj Zfe \c Zfejldf [\ Y\Y`[Xj \k c`ZXj# [fj jfe XZfdgX Xek\j% P \j hl\ cfj \jgX fc\j# _XjkX \c dfd\ekf# ef _Xe [\dfj$ kiX[f kfdXij\ \e j\i`f cX `eÕl\eZ`X [\c XcZf_fc Xc mfcXek\ X g\jXi [\ hl\ ZXj` cX d`kX[ [\ cfj XZZ`[\ek\j dfi$ kXc\j \jk}e [`i\ZkX$ d\ek\ i\cXZ`feX[fj

Zfe jl `e^\jkX% ;\ _\Z_f# kXe jfcf \c (. [\ cX gfYcXZ` e Xj\^liX ef Zfe[lZ`i eleZX [\jgl j [\ _XY\i Y\Y`[f% <c i\jkf j\ Xii`\j^X% <j Zfdf gXik`Z`gXi \e leX k dYfcX \e cX hl\ \c Zfe$ [lZkfi mX ^XeXe[f gXg\c\kXj gXiX k\e\i le XZZ`[\ek\ ]XkXc [\g\e[`\e[f [\1 ` CX ZXek`[X[ [\ XcZf_fc `e$

^\i`[X1 ef \j cf d`jdf leX Z\im\qX X cX _fiX [\ Zfd\i hl\ mXi`fj m`efj \e XpleXj# Xlehl\ kf[f `eÕlp\% ` <c ^iX[f XcZf_ c`Zf [\ cX

Y\Y`[X% CX m\cfZ`[X[ [\ XY$ jfiZ` e \j dXpfi Zfe Y\Y`[Xj [\ XckX ^iX[lXZ` e% ` <c k`\dgf \d$ gc\X[f \e Y\Y\i1 j` j\ Y\Y\ [\jgXZ`f cX kXjX \k c`ZX j\ \c\mX d}j [\jgXZ`f% ` <c j\of1 cXj dla\i\j d\$ kXYfc`qXe g\fi \c XcZf_fc hl\ cfj _fdYi\j% ` CX g\ijfeXc`[X[ p \c

\jkX[f [\ }e`df gi\m`f X cX `e^\jkX1 le [`j^ljkf f le \jkX[f [\ \l]fi`X Xld\ekXe \c [\jZfekifc%

` Cfj \jkX[fj [\ ]Xk`^X# jl\ f#

ZXejXeZ`f% ` CX ZfdY`eXZ` e Zfe Y\Y`[Xj

^Xj\fjXj# pX hl\ XZ\c\iXe jl XYjfiZ` e% Gfi \jf ½j\ jlY\e kXekf¾ cfj m`efj \jgldfjfj# ZXmXj p ZfdY`eX[fj% ` CX ZfdY`eXZ` e Zfe d\[`$

ZXd\ekfj p gfi jlgl\jkf Zfe fkiXj [if^Xj jlgfe\ Xld\ekXi# \e ^iXe d\[`[X# \c e d\if [\ gXg\c\kXj gXiX jl]i`i le ^iXm\ XZZ`[\ek\% Gfi ck`df# kXdY` e `eÕlp\e cX kfc\iXeZ`X g\ijfeXc Xc Xc$ Zf_fc# Xlehl\ ½X^lXekXi dl$ Z_f¾ ef j`^e`ÔZX \e XYjfclkf hl\ [`jd`elpXe cfj i`\j^fj X cX _fiX [\ Zfe[lZ`i% 8c i\m j# gfihl\ cXj j\ Xc\j [\ XcXidX ef j\ kfdXe \e j\i`f%

<E 9I<M< 8C>LEFJ ;8KFJ ` :X[X XÂ&#x152;f Xci\[\[fi [\ (%+''

aÂ?m\e\j \jgXÂ&#x152;fc\j [\aXe jl m`[X \e cX ZXii\k\iX p d}j [\ /%''' i\jlckXe _\i`[fj ^iXm\j# p hl`q} hl\[Xe XkX[fj X leX j`ccX [\ il\[Xj [\ gfi m`[X% ` Cfj Z_`Zfj k`\e\e leX kXjX

[\ dfikXc`[X[ \e XZZ`[\ek\j [\ ki}Ă&#x201D;Zf ZlXkif m\Z\j jlg\$ i`fi X cX [\ cXj Z_`ZXj% ` CX gifYXY`c`[X[ [\ hl\ le

afm\e dl\iX \e <jgXÂ&#x152;X \e cX ZXii\k\iX \j \c [fYc\ hl\ \e ?fcXe[X f Jl\Z`X% ;Xkfj fYk\e`[fj gfi cX =le$ [XZ`Â?e I8:: \e jl \jkl[`f XZ\iZX [\ [\ cX GifYc\d}k`ZX [\ cfj AÂ?m\e\j p cX J\^li`[X[ M`Xi`X \e <jgXÂ&#x152;X# )''. %

LE <O:<JF ;< :FE=@8EQ8 ` <c ). [\ cfj aÂ?m\e\j \jgX$

Â&#x152;fc\j Zi\\ hl\ Zfe[lZ\ d\afi hl\ cfj X[lckfj% ` <c +. j\ Zfej`[\iX ZXgX$

Z`kX[f gXiX Zfe[lZ`i [\jglÂ&#x201E;j [\ _XY\i Y\Y`[f ZlXe[f jXc\ [\ efZ_\%

:) )

Ă&#x201C;Y^W JH7DGK?BE" GK; 9EDJHEBE

Ef \j dlp [\ Ă&#x201D;Xi cX dÂ&#x2C6;k`ZX ]iXj\ [\ ½KiXehl`cf# hl\ Zfekifcfž gfi gXik\ [\c hl\ XZXYX [\ d\k\ij\ le gXi [\ ZlYXkXj p j\ [`jgfe\ X Zf^\i jl dfkf f jl ZfZ_\ gXiX cc\^Xi Xc j`^l`\ek\ YXi% P mXdfj X \ogc`ZXi gfi hlÂ&#x201E;% <e gi`d\i cl^Xi# \c XcZf_fc X]\ZkX X dlZ_Xj [\ cXj ]XZlckX[\j hl\ i\jlckXe `dgi\jZ`e[`Yc\j gXiX Zfe[lZ`i le m\_Â&#x2C6;Zlcf% <e ZfeZi\kf1

Â&#x203A; <jki\Z_X \c ZXdgf m`jlXc# gfi cf hl\ j\ `^efiXe cfj \jkÂ&#x2C6;dlcfj hl\ j\ \eZl\ekiXe \e cfj cXk\iXc\j% Â&#x203A; G\ikliYX cX m`j`Â?e p c\ek`Ă&#x201D;ZX cX XZfdf[XZ`Â?e [\ cX m`jkX X cfj ZXdY`fj [\ clq [\ Xlkfg`jkXj# ZilZ\j f kÂ&#x2019;e\c\j%

Â&#x203A; ;`Ă&#x201D;ZlckX cX g\iZ\gZ`Â?e [\c Zfcfi ifaf# Zfdf \c [\ cXj j\Â&#x152;Xc\j [\ ]i\eX[f# cfj j\d}]fifj f cXj j\Â&#x152;Xc`qX$ Z`fe\j gfi fYiXj%

Â&#x203A; GifmfZX \iifi\j [\ Z}cZlcf \e ZlXekf X cXj [`jkXeZ`Xj# gfi cf hl\ ef j\ i\jg\kXe cXj [`jkXeZ`Xj [\ j\^li`[X[ f j\ ZXcZlcX [\ ]fidX \hl`mfZX[X \c kiXqX[f [\ leX ZlimX%

Â&#x203A; I\[lZ\ cX i\j`jk\eZ`X ]Â&#x2C6;j`ZX# Xld\ekX cX j\ejXZ`Â?e [\ ]Xk`^X p ]Xmfi\Z\ \c \jkX[f [\ jfdefc\eZ`X% Â&#x203A; 8]\ZkX Xc j\ek`[f [\c \hl`c`Yi`f# \]\Zkf \jg\Z`Xcd\ek\ g\c`^ifjf ZlXe[f j\ [X jfYi\ leX dfkfZ`Zc\kX% Â&#x203A; 8ld\ekX \c k`\dgf [\ i\XZZ`Â?e# \j [\Z`i# j\ kXi[X d}j \e XZklXi Xek\ le `dgi\m`jkf% J\ ZXcZlcX hl\#

YXaf cfj \]\Zkfj [\c XcZf_fc# j\ i\Zfii\ le (' d}j [\ [`jkXeZ`X [\j[\ hl\ j\ g\iZ`Y\ \c g\c`^if _XjkX hl\ j\ i\XZZ`feX%

G\if# X[\d}j [\ kf[Xj \jkXj Zfej\Zl\eZ`Xj ]Â&#x2C6;j`ZXj# cX `e^\jkX [\ XcZf_fc Xc mfcXek\ k`\e\ le \]\Zkf gj`$ ZfcÂ?^`Zf dlp g\im\ijf1 gifmfZX leX [\j`e_`Y`Z`Â?e gjÂ&#x2C6;hl`ZX gfi cX hl\ [\jXgXi\Z\ cX ZfeZ`\eZ`X [\ \jkXi YXaf jlj \]\Zkfj% P \ekfeZ\j1

Â&#x203A; J\ jlY\jk`dX \c i`\j^f% Â&#x203A; J\ gif[lZ\ leX j\ejXZ`Â?e [\ \emXc\ekfeXd`\ekf% Â&#x203A; CX m\cfZ`[X[ i\jlckX [`m\ik`[X# \jk`dlcXek\% Â&#x203A; ?Xp j\ek`d`\ekf [\ `emlce\iXY`c`[X[% Â&#x203A; J\ kfdX X YifdX \c i`\j^f hl\ j\ \jk} Zfii`\e[f# j`e k\e\i leX j\ejXZ`Â?e i\Xc [\ g\c`^if% Â&#x203A; Jli^\e cX `dgXZ`\eZ`X# cX X^i\j`m`[X[% <e i\jld\e# ZlXe[f j\ Zfe[lZ\ YXaf cfj \]\Zkfj [\c XcZf_fc j\ k`\e\e kf[Xj cXj ]XZlckX[\j [`jd`el`[Xj# g\if lef j\ j`\ek\ ZXj` Zfdf le jlg\i_Â&#x201E;if\ p# gfi kXekf# j\ Xii`\j^X d}j% <e ef gfZfj ZXjfj# cX m`[X%

` Jfcf \c (+ i\ZfefZ\ hl\ dXe\aXi le m\_Â&#x2C6;Zlcf YXaf cfj \]\Zkfj [\c XcZf_fc gl\[\ jlgfe\i le i`\j^f gXiX jl `e$ k\^i`[X[ ]Â&#x2C6;j`ZX% ` Le +* Zi\\ hl\ gl\[\ Zfe$

[lZ`i [\ ]fidX efidXc [\jglÂ&#x201E;j [\ `e^\i`i XcZf_fc p jfcf lef [\ ZX[X [`\q Zi\\ g\c`^ifjf _XZ\icf \Yi`f% ;Xkfj gifZ\[\ek\j [\c jfe$ [\f i\Xc`qX[f gfi \c @ejk`klkf DXg]i\ [\ J\^li`[X[ M`Xc X )%*'' aÂ?m\e\j [\ \eki\ (- p )+ XÂ&#x152;fj \e (. Z`l[X[\j \jgXÂ&#x152;fcXj \e )''* %

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:) *

ÓY^W

<[lZXZ` e m`Xc )

"EBERSEõLAõVIDAõDEõUNõSORBO <c XcZf_fc \j# Zfe [`]\i\eZ`X# cX jljkXeZ`X gj`ZfXZk`mX [\ cX hl\ d}j XYljXe cfj a m\e\j [\ (+ X (/ X fj% P# gfi fkif cX[f# ZXj` cX d`kX[ [\ cfj XZZ`[\ek\j dfikXc\j [\ ki}ÔZf \jk}e i\cXZ`feX[fj Zfe jl Zfejldf% J` ZfdY`eXdfj XdYfj [Xkfj# i\Zf^`[fj gfi \c GcXe EXZ`feXc jfYi\ ;if^Xj p cX ;`i\ZZ` e >\e\iXc [\ Ki}ÔZf# gf[\dfj _XZ\i \c Z}cZlcf [\ hl\ cX gi\j\eZ`X [\ gif^iXdXj \]\Zk`mfj [\ \[lZXZ` e m`Xc X cf cXi^f [\ kf[X cX \jZfcXi`[X[# \e \jg\Z`Xc \e cX \[lZXZ` e j\Zle[Xi`X# jlgfe[i X jXcmXi dlZ_Xj m`[Xj%

:f^\i \c ZfZ_\ f cX dfkf [\j$ gl j [\ _XY\i Y\Y`[f f j`d$ gc\d\ek\ `i [\ gXjXa\if [\ le Zfe[lZkfi \Yi`f jfe Xc^lefj [\ cfj XZkfj `ii\jgfejXYc\j hl\ i\Xc`qXe# [\ ]fidX _XY`klXc# dlZ_fj [\ cfj X[fc\jZ\ek\j hl\ ZX[X Ôe [\ j\dXeX jXc\e [\ Ô\jkX Xa\efj X cXj Z`]iXj [\ dl\ikfj \e cX ZXii\k\iX% 8 kf[fj \ccfj# \eki\ fkiXj ZfjXj# _XYi X hl\ [\Z`ic\j1

le jfjf% J` \ccfj ef \ek`\e[\e hl\ ef Y\YXj# [`c\j hl\ \jk}j kfdXe[f le d\[`ZXd\ekf `eZfdgXk`Yc\%

` K\e ZcXif hl\ ef \o`jk\e ` Gil\YX cXj Y\Y`[Xj j`e# Zfdf

cX Z\im\qX j`e XcZf_fc% Ef \jk}e eX[X dXc p ef [\aXe i\jXZX% ` 8ki m\k\ Zfe ZfdY`eXZ`f$

e\j j`e XcZf_fc# cXj _Xp dlp Yl\eXj% ¶?Xj gifYX[f c`dX Zfe k e`ZX6

` 8ek\j [\ g\[`i Xc^f k\e

[\Z`[`[f hl mXj X kfdXi% DlZ_Xj m\Z\j# gfi `eÕl\eZ`X [\ cfj Xd`^fj Zfe cfj hl\ k\ \eZl\ekiXj# XZXYXj g`[`\e[f leX Y\Y`[X Zfe XcZf_fc hl\ \e i\Xc`[X[ ef k\ Xg\k\Z\ [\dXj`X[f% ` 8gi\e[\ X [\Z`i ef X cXj

ZfgXj% Ef k`\e\ eX[X hl\ m\i Zfe i\Z_XqXi X cfj Xd`^fj f j\i

p \m`kX d\qZcXi% J` Y\Y\j X^lX \eki\ leX p fkiX# Xk\elXi}j jl \]\Zkf%

` Ef k\e^Xj j`\dgi\ \c mXjf

\e cX dXef2 [ aXcf jfYi\ cX YXiiX f cX d\jX# ef j\ mX X \jZXgXi% 8[\d}j# Xj ef j\ k\ ZXc\ekXi}% ` J`# X g\jXi [\ kf[f cf hl\

jXY\j# [\Z`[\j kfdXi Xc^leX Zfejld`Z` e XcZf_ c`ZX# \j$ g}Z`XcXj Xc d}o`df eleZX d}j [\ leX \e cX d`jdX _fiX

[`jk`ekfj k`gfj [\ XcZf_fc j`ef [`]\i\ek\j ^iX[fj [\ ZfeZ\e$ kiXZ` e% CX ^iX[lXZ` e [\ cXj Y\Y`[Xj ]\id\ekX[Xj m`ef# Z\im\qX# j`[iX fjZ`cX \eki\ , p ), ^iX[fj2 \e \c ZXjf [\ cXj Y\Y`[Xj [\jk`cX[Xj ^`e\YiX# ife# n_`jbp# Z_lg`kfj¿ jl ^iX[f [\ XcZf_fc jl\c\ mXi`Xi \eki\ (. p +, ^iX[fj% ` :fd\ Xc^f# g\if Zfeki cXk\

Zfe cfj Xg\i`k`mfj jXcX[fj# Zfdf ZXZX_l\k\j f gXkXkXj% PX jXY\j hl\ \e dlZ_fj YXi\j k\ cfj gfe\e gXiX hl\ ZfejldXj d}j% ` EleZX k\ dfek\j Zfe le Zfe$

[lZkfi hl\ _XpX Y\Y`[f# Xii`\j$

^Xi} kl m`[X j`e g\ej}ij\cf [fj m\Z\j% PX jXY\j hl\ cX ]iXj\ ½K f# kiXehl`cf# hl\ Zfekifcf¾ ef \j dlp [\ ÔXi gfi gXik\ [\ Xc^l`\e hl\ j\ _X Y\Y`[f _XjkX \c X^lX [\ cfj Õfi\ifj% <jf j # Zfem eZ\c\ gXiX hl\ [\a\ \c m\_ Zlcf XgXiZX[f% ` J` _Xj Y\Y`[f Xc^f# Xlehl\

j\X gfZf# ef ZfaXj \c ZfZ_\ e` cX dfkf% 9 jZXk\ fkiX ]fidX [\ cc\^Xi X ZXjX# Zfe Xc^l`\e hl\ ef _XpX Zfejld`[f f \e le kXo` ZfdgXik`[f \eki\ mX$ i`fj% @eZcljf gl\[\j \jg\iXi X hl\ XdXe\qZX p ml\cmX X ]le$ Z`feXi \c j\im`Z`f [\ Ylj\j¿ :lXchl`\i Xck\ieXk`mX \j d\afi hl\ al^}ij\cX% <e i\jld\e# \c d\ejXa\ \jk} Y`\e ZcXif1 ef Y\YXj j` mXj X Zfe[lZ`i2 g\if j` Xc ÔeXc Y\Y\j# ·ef Zfe[lqZXj

<E 9I<M< ÂśGFI HLy 8 DĂ 6 ½K\ gl\[\ gXjXiž \j \c c\dX [\ cX ZXdgXÂ&#x152;X [\ gi\m\eZ`Â?e [\ XZZ`[\ek\j [\jXiifccX[X gfi cX 8jfZ`XZ`Â?e gXiX \c <jkl[`f [\c cX C\j`Â?e D\[lcXi <jg`$ eXc# 8<JC<D<# hl\ j\ [`i`^\ X kf[fj cfj Z\ekifj \jZfcXi\j [\ >Xc`Z`X% <c fYa\k`mf [\ \jk\ gcXe \j `e]fidXi X cX gfYcX$ Z`Â?e \jZfcXi [\ cfj i`\j^fj hl\ Zfecc\mX i\Xc`qXi Z`\ikXj XZk`m`[X[\j Zfk`[`XeXj Zfdf g\XkÂ?e# Z`Zc`jkX# Zfe[lZkfi [\ dfkf f Zfdf gXjXa\if p ZÂ?df \m`kXi XZZ`[\ek\j% CX ZXdgXÂ&#x152;X# hl\ Zl\ekX Zfe \c Xgfpf [\c D`e`jk\i`f [\ <[lZX$ Z`Â?e p cX ;`i\ZZ`Â?e >\e\iXc [\ Ki}Ă&#x201D;Zf# f]i\Z\ \jk\ gif^iXdX [\ ]fidX ^iXkl`kX%

:) *

Ă&#x201C;Y^W 7B LEB7DJ; O 7 BE BE9E

Cfj \k`cÂ?d\kifj jfe lefj XgXiXkfj hl\ g\id`k\e d\[`i cX kXjX [\ XcZf_fc \e X`i\ \jg`iX[f% CX d\[`[X hl\ fYk`\e\e \hl`mXc\ X cX d`kX[ [\ cX kXjX [\ XcZf_fc \e jXe^i\% <j [\Z`i# leX d\[`Z`Â?e \e \k`cÂ?d\kif [\ '#+ d^&c`kif jlgfe\ leX XcZf_fc\d`X i\Xc \e jXe^i\ [\ '#/% <c j`^l`\ek\ ZlX[if i\jld\ \c \]\Zkf [\ cXj [`jk`ekXj [fj`j [\ Zfejldf1

8C:F?FC <E J8E>I< >I8DFJ&C@KIF

<=<:KFJ <E <C :FDGFIK8D@<EKF

'#*$'#,

J\ jlY\jk`dX \c i`\j^f# j\ d`e`d`qX \c \]\Zkf [\ cXj [fj`j [\ XcZf_fc Zfejld`[Xj p j\ jfYi\mXcfiXe cXj gifg`Xj ZXgXZ`[X[\j% ;liXek\ cfj [fj XÂ&#x152;fj j`^l`\ek\j X cX fYk\eZ`Â?e [\c g\id`jf j\ gif_Â&#x2C6;Y\ cX Zfe[lZZ`Â?e Zfe kXjXj jlg\i`fi\j X '#*% KXdY`Â&#x201E;e \j cX kXjX d}o`dX g\id`k`[X gXiX Zfe[lZkfi\j [\ kiXejgfik\ [\ d\iZXeZÂ&#x2C6;Xj f [\ m`Xa\ifj%

'#,$'#/

Gi\[fd`eX cX j\ejXZ`Â?e [\ \l]fi`X p ef j\ k`\e\ ZfeZ`\eZ`X [\c g\c`^if hl\ j\ Zfii\% CXj [`jkXeZ`Xj p cX m\cfZ`[X[ j\ Xgi\Z`Xe [\ ]fidX `eZfii\ZkX%

'#/$(#,

?Xp jÂ&#x2C6;ekfdXj ZcXifj [\ `ekfo`ZXZ`Â?e% CXj ZXgXZ`[X[\j Y}j`ZXj# Zfdf cX Xk\eZ`Â?e# cX g\iZ\gZ`Â?e p cX Zffi[`eXZ`Â?e \jk}e j\i`X$ d\ek\ X]\ZkX[Xj%

(#,$*#'

>iXm\ g\c`^if% <o`jk\e jÂ&#x2C6;ekfdXj ZcXifj [\ \dYi`X^l\q% 8 cfj Xek\i`fi\j kiXjkfiefj _Xp hl\ jldXi gifYc\dXj [\ \hl`c`Yi`f# jfdefc\eZ`X p j\ejXZ`Â?e [\ `ii\Xc`[X[%

<M@K8I 8::@;<EK<J <J GFJ@9C< LeX Z_XicX$Zfcfhl`f# `dgXi$ k`[X gfi le dÂ&#x201E;[`Zf p le gX$ iXgcÂ&#x201E;a`Zf# \j cX XZk`m`[X[ hl\ 8<JC<D< f]i\Z\ X gXik`i [\ ,%² [\ gi`dXi`X p hl\ j\ X[XgkX j\^Â&#x2019;e cX \[X[ [\c XcldeX[f% :feZ\gkfj Y}j`Zfj jfYi\ cX dÂ&#x201E;[lcX \jg`eXc p \c Z\i\Yif# ZXljXj [\ cXj c\j`fe\j d\[l$ cXi\j p ]fidXj [\ \m`kXicXj XjÂ&#x2C6; Zfdf gifYc\dXj X cfj hl\ j\ \e]i\ekX leX g\ijfeX [\jglÂ&#x201E;j [\c XZZ`[\ek\ jfe Xc^lefj [\ cfj ZfeZ\gkfj hl\ j\ XYfi[Xe \e \jkX XZk`m`[X[ hl\ Zl\ekX Zfe Xgfpf Xl[`fm`jlXc% GXiX jfc`Z`kXi cXj Z_XicXj j\ gl\[\ \jZi`Y`i Xc Zfii\f \c\ZkiÂ?e`Zf [\ cX XjfZ`XZ`Â?e1

D}j [\ *#'

<dYi`X^l\q gif]le[X% GÂ&#x201E;i[`[X [\ ZfeZ`\eZ`X%

X\jc\d\^Xc`Z`X7pX_ff%\j

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:) +

ÓY^W

<c Yfk\cc e

5NõPROBLEMAõQUEõQUITAõELõSUE¿O Jfe a m\e\j# j\ alekXe \e cl^Xi\j g Yc`Zfj# `e^`\i\e ^iXe[\j ZXek`[X[\j [\ XcZf_fc \e le Zfikf g\i f[f [\ k`\dgf p XidXe dlZ_f \jZ}e[Xcf% 8 \jk\ ]\e d\ef \e XcqX# Xc hl\ ZX[X X f j\ jldXe d`c\j [\ d\efi\j hl\ j\ \jki\eXe \e cX kXi\X [\ Y\Y\i \e cX ZXcc\# j\ cf ZfefZ\ Zfe \c efdYi\ [\ Yfk\cc e% P \j le k\dX hl\ hl`kX \c jl\ f# p eleZX d\afi [`Z_f# X cfj m\Z`efj X]\ZkX[fj# hl\ j\ gi\^lekXe hl _Xe _\Z_f \ccfj gXiX d\i\Z\i j\d\aXek\ jlgc`Z`f2 X cfj gX[i\j# hl\ ZilqXe cfj [\[fj gXiX hl\ X jl _`af ef j\ c\ fZliiX dfekXij\ \e \c ZfZ_\ [\ Xc^l`\e hl\ mX _XjkX Xii`YX [\ ZXc`dfZ_f2 p X cfj gfc k`Zfj# hl\ ef hl`\i\e hl\[Xi [\ i\gi\jfi\j# gif_`Y` e[fcf# g\if hl\ j\ m\e gi\j`feX[fj gXiX [Xi leX i\jgl\jkX \]\Zk`mX X \jk\ ZfeÕ`Zkf hl\ ZX[X m\q mX X d}j% G\if \e \jk\ [\YXk\ jfZ`Xc# gi\$ j\ek\ \e gi\ejX# iX[`f# k\c\m`$ j` e# ]fifj [\ @ek\ie\k p _XjkX \e Zfem\ijXZ`fe\j [\ XjZ\ejfi# X m\Z\j j\ \Z_X \e ]XckX cX fg`$ e` e [\ cfj XZkfi\j gi`eZ`gXc\j1 cfj a m\e\j \e Xc^lefj ZXjfj# e` fj % ?Xp hl\ \dg\qXi gfi gi\^lekXic\j X XjfZ`XZ`fe\j alm\e`c\j# Xcldefj [\ <JF p

YXZ_`cc\iXkf p le`m\ij`kXi`fj Zl}c \j jl m`j` e [\c k\dX p Zl}c\j jfe jlj gifgl\jkXj [\ XZklXZ` e% <jkf \j cf hl\ _`Z`\ife \e cX Zfdle`[X[ \oki\d\ X _XZ\ pX Xc^lefj X fj p ]l\ cf hl\ c\j g\id`k` ZfefZ\i cXj ZXljXj# mXcfiXi cXj Xck\ieXk`mXj p gifgfe\i cXj jf$ clZ`fe\j hl\ _Xe _\Z_f gfj`Yc\ jl i\^lcXZ` e%

<jk\ \j# gfi \a\dgcf# \c Xe}c`$ j`j i\Xc`qX[f gfi cX XjfZ`XZ` e 8ck\ieXk`mX Afm\e [\ <oki\dX$ [liX XZ\iZX [\ cXj ZXljXj hl\ gifg`Z`Xe \c Yfk\cc e1

\e [\]\ejX [\ cX c`Y\ikX[ `e[`$ m`[lXc% ½Jfe a m\e\j p k`\e\e [\i\Z_f¾% ` <c gi\[fd`e`f [\ mXcfi\j

` <c Zfejldf [\ XcZf_fc Zfdf

dXk\i`Xc`jkXj# Zfejld`jkXj p _\[fe`jkXj%

jljkXeZ`X gj`ZfXZk`mX [\ Zlijf c\^Xc

` <c [\jZfefZ`d`\ekf [\ cfj

_}Y`kf gi\j\ek\ \e XZkfj ]Xd`$ c`Xi\j p jfZ`Xc\j%

i`\j^fj [\c Zfejldf XYlj`mf [\ XcZf_fc% Cfj i\Zlijfj `e]fi$ dXk`mfj hl\ \o`jk\e ef i\jlc$ kXe XkiXZk`mfj X cfj a m\e\j%

` CX _`gfZi\j X jfZ`Xc1 cX [f$

` CX `eZ`kXZ` e [\j[\ cfj d\$

Yc\ dfiXc hl\ Zfe[\eX lefj ZfdgfikXd`\ekfj g\if XZ\gkX fkifj%

[`fj [\ Zfdle`ZXZ` e jfZ`Xc1 ½XcZf_fc `^lXc X [`m\ij` e¾%

` CX `e^\jkX [\ XcZf_fc Zfdf

` CX \jZXj\q [\ Xck\ieXk`mXj Xc

fZ`f alm\e`c d}j jXeXj# Zi\Xk`$ mXj f ]fidXk`mXj% ` CXj Z`l[X[\j Zfdf Z}iZ\c\j [\ Z\d\ekf% CX ]XckX [\ \jgXZ`fj gXiX fkif k`gf [\ [`j$ ]ilk\ [\c k`\dgf c`Yi\% ` CX ]XckX [\ XÔZ`fe\j f _fYYpj1 \e ZlXekf j\ \ekiX \e cX X[fc\jZ\eZ`X j\ XYXe[feXe cfj [\gfik\j# \c [`j]ilk\ [\ cX eXkliXc\qX%%% ` <c ZfeZ\gkf [\ jfZ`\[X[

g\id`j`mX1 kf[f j\ XZ\gkX

` CX ]XckX [\ c d`k\j \e cX \[l$ ZXZ` e [\ cfj _`afj1 cfj gX[i\j j\ i\j`^eXe X hl\ jlj _`afj# d\efi\j [\ \[X[# jXc^Xe [\ Ô\jkX gfihl\ \j cf hl\ _XZ\e kf[fj% ` CX Y jhl\[X [\ dXpfi Xl$

kf\jk`dX1 i\ZfefZ`d`\ekf jf$ Z`Xc [\ cX g\ijfeX# Zfdf gXik\ `ek\^iX[X \e \c \ekfief% ` CX i\Y\c[ X ]i\ek\ X cX Xlkf$ i`[X[1 cX `ii\j`jk`Yc\ XkiXZZ` e [\ cf gif_`Y`[f Zfdf Xe_\cf alm\e`c%

:) +

Ă&#x201C;Y^W DE >7O <ĂŁHCKB7I CĂ&#x153;=?97I

<E 9I<M<

<e kf[f Yl\e Xe}c`j`j [\ le ]\eÂ?d\ef jfZ`Xc# X[\d}j [\ ZfeZi\kXi cXj ZXljXj# _Xp hl\ gcXjdXi cfj \]\Zkfj e\^Xk`mfj# cfj gfj`k`mfj p# gfi jlgl\jkf# cXj gfj`Yc\j Xck\ieXk`mXj% 8lehl\ jXY\dfj hl\ ef _Xp ]Â?idlcXj d}^`ZXj# jÂ&#x2C6; \o`jk\e XZklXZ`fe\j hl\ Xpl[Xe X i\[lZ`i jlj \]\Zkfj d}j g\ie`Z`fjfj%

G8I8 KI898A8I <E C8J KLKFIĂ 8J

<]\Zkfj gfj`k`mfj

½9fk\ccÂ?e# ÂśjÂ&#x2C6; f ef6ž \j \c kÂ&#x2C6;klcf [\ cX le`[X[ [`[}Zk`ZX hl\# X gXik`i [\ leX efk`Z`X glYc`ZX[X \e CX Mfq [\ >Xc`Z`X# gcXek\X leX j\i`\ [\ XZk`m`[X[\j gXiX hl\ cfj \jkl[`Xek\j i\Ă&#x2022;\o`f$ e\e p Xi^ld\ek\e# X ]Xmfi p \e ZfekiX# [\ \jk\ gfcÂ&#x201E;d`Zf k\dX% KXdY`Â&#x201E;e j\ XeXc`qXe cfj d`kfj jfYi\ \c XcZf_fc# cXj Zfe$ j\Zl\eZ`Xj jXe`kXi`Xj p jfZ`Xc\j [\ \jk\ ]\eÂ?d\ef p \c \e]fhl\ [X[f [\j[\ cX gi\ejX% <e gi`eZ`g`f# cX gifgl\jkX \jk} [`j\Â&#x152;X[X gXiX `ek\^iXij\ \e cX j\j`Â?e [\ klkfiÂ&#x2C6;X [\ *%² p +%² [\ <JF X cf cXi^f [\ j\`j j\$ dXeXj# Xlehl\ ZX[X leX [\ cXj XZk`m`[X[\j kXdY`Â&#x201E;e j\ gl\[\e kiXYXaXi [\ ]fidX X`jcX[X% J\ gl\[\ [\jZXi^Xi# \e ^Xcc\^f f \e ZXjk\ccXef# [\ cX g}^`eX n\Y [\ CX Mfq [\ cX <jZl\cX# nnn%gi\ejX\jZl\cX%\j# \ekiXe$ [f \e cX JXcX [\ Gif]\jfi\j \e \c XgXikX[f ½\$jkl[`f [\ efk`Z`Xjž%

Â&#x203A; J\ X_fiiX dlZ_f [`e\if \e ZfdgXiXZ`Â?e Zfe cf hl\ _Xp hl\ gX^Xi \e cfj YXi\j% Â&#x203A; <m`kX cfj ½^XiiX]fe\jž f Y\Y`[Xj \kÂ&#x2C6;c`ZXj [\ dXcX ZXc`[X[% Â&#x203A; =XZ`c`kX cXj Zfem\ijXZ`fe\j kiXehl`cXj1 ef _Xp hl\ ^i`kXi gXiX \ek\e[\ij\ p \c XdY`\ek\ ef \jk} ZXi^X$ [f%

Â&#x203A; <j le Yl\e cl^Xi gXiX \jkXYc\Z\i ZfekXZkfj `ek\ig\ijfeXc\j% Â&#x203A; Cfj ^ilgfj jfe XY`\ikfj# j`e dfk`mf [\ [`jZi`d`eXZ`Â?e1 j\ XZ\gkX X ZlXchl`\iX hl\ hl`\iX ZfdgXik`i leX Yfk\ccX%

<]\Zkfj e\^Xk`mfj

Â&#x203A; CX kfc\iXeZ`X gif^i\j`mX ]i\ek\ Xc XcZf_fc1 \c fi^Xe`jdf [\dXe[X ZX[X m\q dXpfi\j [fj`j% Â&#x203A; CXj `ekfo`ZXZ`fe\j \kÂ&#x2C6;c`ZXj% Â&#x203A; CX kfdX [\ ZfekXZkf Zfe fkiXj jljkXeZ`Xj kÂ?o`ZXj ZXeeXY`j# gXjk`ccXj%%% Â&#x203A; Cfj XZZ`[\ek\j [\ Z`iZlcXZ`Â?e m`Xc# cX gi`d\iX ZXljX [\ dfikXc`[X[ \eki\ cfj aÂ?m\e\j% Â&#x203A; CX Xck\iXZ`Â?e p g\ikliYXZ`Â?e [\c m\Z`e[Xi`f1 ZfekXd`eXZ`Â?e XZÂ&#x2019;jk`ZX p jlZ`\[X[ [\ cX mÂ&#x2C6;X gÂ&#x2019;Yc`ZX% Â&#x203A; <c mXe[Xc`jdf efZklief Zfdf ]fidX [\ XlkfXĂ&#x201D;idXZ`Â?e ^ilgXc1 ]XZ_X[Xj g`ekX[Xj# Zfek\e\[fi\j hl\$ dX[fj# YXeZfj [\c i\mÂ&#x201E;j%%%

Â&#x203A; CX m`fc\eZ`X alm\e`c1 g\c\Xj \eki\ gXe[`ccXj% Gfj`Yc\j jfclZ`fe\j

Â&#x203A; ?XY`c`kXi el\mfj \jgXZ`fj \e qfeXj X`jcX[Xj \e cXj hl\ ef j\ dfc\jk\ X cfj m\Z`efj p dlckXi X cfj hl\ Y\YXe ]l\iX [\ \ccXj%

Â&#x203A; 8gc`ZXi cX efidXk`mX XlkfeÂ?d`ZX jfYi\ m\ekX p Zfejldf [\ Y\Y`[Xj XcZf_Â?c`ZXj X d\efi\j% Â&#x203A; F]\ikXi XZk`m`[X[\j Xck\ieXk`mXj1 ZfeZ`\ikfj# Z`e\# k\Xkif# [\gfik\j%%% Â&#x203A; =fd\ekXi _}Y`kfj jXcl[XYc\j [\j[\ cfj Z\ekifj \jZfcXi\j% Â&#x203A; :feZ`\eZ`Xi X cfj gX[i\j [\ jl i\jgfejXY`c`[X[ [\ ZXiX X jlj _`afj d\efi\j [\ \[X[% Â&#x203A; GifdfZ`feXi \c XjfZ`XZ`fe`jdf alm\e`c Zfdf Xck\ieXk`mX gXiX \c ljf [\c k`\dgf c`Yi\% Â&#x203A; @e]fidXi jfYi\ cXj `eZfdgXk`Y`c`[X[\j \eki\ j\^li`[X[ m`Xc p Zfejldf [\ XcZf_fc% Â&#x203A; :fekifcXi cX glYc`Z`[X[ \e^XÂ&#x152;fjX p jlYc`d`eXc X kiXmÂ&#x201E;j [\ cX Xgc`ZXZ`Â?e [\ cX efidXk`mX m`^\ek\%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:) ,

ÓY^W

Cfj i`\j^fj [\ Zfejld`i ZXeeXY`j

0ORROSõENõELõPATIO 8cZf_fc# kXYXZf p%%% gfiifj% <c ZXeeXY`j \j cX k\iZ\iX [if^X hl\ d}j j\ Zfejld\ \e el\jkif gX j p cX jljkXeZ`X `c\^Xc hl\ d}j Z`iZlcX gfi cfj Z\ekifj \jZfcXi\j% P mX \e Xld\ekf% ;\ _\Z_f# \c )) [\ cfj a m\e\j [\ \eki\ (+ p (/ X fj jfe ]ldX[fi\j _XY`klXc\j [\ gfiifj# j\^ e cX ck`dX <eZl\jkX X cX GfYcXZ` e <jZfcXi \cXYfiX[X gfi \c GcXe EXZ`feXc jfYi\ ;if^Xj% ?XYcXdfj# gl\j# [\ cX [if^X `c\^Xc d}j Zfejld`[X \e <jgX X% G\if \dg\q\dfj gfi \c gi`eZ`g`f1 Xlehl\ cX dXpfi X [\ cfj X[fc\jZ\ek\j ZfefZ\e mXi`Xj XZ\gZ`fe\j [\c k id`ef $gfiifj# Õpj# g\kXj# ZXelkfj# _`\iYX# Z_fZfcXk\$ ef kf[fj k`\e\e ZcXif hl \j%

<c ZXeeXY`j \j leX gcXekX# cX :XeeXY`j jXk`mX# Zfe cX hl\ j\ \cXYfiX cX dXi`_lXeX X gXik`i [\ jlj _faXj# Õfi\j p kXccfj j\$ Zfj p \c _XZ_ j X gXik`i [\ jl i\j`eX % K`\e\ [fj Zfdgl\jkfj hl\ jfe gj`ZfXZk`mfj1 \c 0 K?: p \c / K?: k\kiX_`[ifZXeeX$ Y`efc # p \jk} Zfej`[\iX[f Zfdf le XclZ`e ^\ef d\efi% <e ZlXekf X jlj \]\Zkfj# jfe \jkfj1 \l]fi`X# [\j`e_`Y`Z` e# i\cXaXZ` e# ZXdY`fj g\iZ\gk`$ mfj Zfdf [`jkfij`fe\j m`jlX$ c\j p Xl[`k`mXj# [\jfi`\ekXZ` e k\dgfiXc c\ek`kl[ \e \c gXjf [\c k`\dgf p [`jd`elZ` e [\ cX d\dfi`X `ed\[`XkX% 8c Zfe$ jld`icf \e ZfdgX X \j dlp k g`Zf \c \]\Zkf [\ cX i`jX kfekX% P# \e [fj`j \c\mX[Xj# gifmfZX Zfe]lj` e# c\kXi^f# g\iZ\g$ Z` e Xck\iX[X [\ cX i\Xc`[X[ p# \e Xc^lefj ZXjfj# \jkX[fj [\ g}e`Zf% G\if# j\^ e cfj \og\ikfj# cf d}j gi\fZlgXek\ [\ cX j`klX$ Z` e ef \j kXekf \c Xld\ekf [\ jl Zfejldf Zfdf jl ½efidX$ c`qXZ` e¾ [\ekif [\ cX jfZ`\$ [X[% Cfj [if^f[\g\e[`\ek\j [\ \jkfj k`\dgfj pX ef jfe pfehl`j e` [\c`eZl\ek\j dXi^`$ eXc\j# j`ef g\ijfeXj efidXc\j#

Y`\e jfZ`Xc`qX[Xj# hl\ m`m\e jl X[`ZZ` e X cXj [if^Xj c\^X$ c\j XcZf_fc p kXYXZf \ `c\^Xc\j gfiifj# gXjk`ccXj%%% Zfe kfkXc eXkliXc`[X[% :fdf ZfekiXjk\# cX _\if eX \j cX e`ZX [if^X Zlpf Zfejl$ df _X [\jZ\e[`[f [\ ]fidX gif^i\j`mX \e cfj ck`dfj X fj% <jkX jljkXeZ`X# hl\ j\ `ekif[laf \e <jgX X \e cfj X fj j\k\ekX# [\dfjki jlj [\mXjkX[fi\j \]\Zkfj \e cfj fZ_\ekX p gi`eZ`g`fj [\ cfj efm\ekX% CXj dl\ik\j gfi jfYi\[fj`j p \e]\id\[X[\j `e]\ZZ`fjXj _\gXk`k`j# j`[X _`Z`\ife hl\ j\ i\ZfefZ`\j\ jl g\c`^ifj`[X[# _XjkX \c gle$ kf [\ hl\ \e cX XZklXc`[X[ jfe dlp gfZfj cfj a m\e\j hl\ j\ `eZfigfiXe X jl Zfejldf% <ccfj gi\Ô\i\e \c ZXeeXY`j# \e gi`d\i cl^Xi# j\^l`[f [\c okXj`j p cX ZfZX eX% G\if ef j`\dgi\ jfe ZfejZ`\ek\j [\ jlj Zfej\Zl\eZ`Xj p _XjkX [\Ô\e[\e cfj jlgl\jkfj \]\Zkfj k\iXg lk`Zfj [\ leX jljkXeZ`X hl\# j`e [l[X# \e gc\eX X[fc\j$ Z\eZ`X \j g\c`^ifjX gXiX cX jXcl[%

:) ,

Ă&#x201C;Y^W 7 J;D;H ;D 9K;DJ7

<E 9I<M<

?fp \e [Â&#x2C6;X jfe dlZ_fj cfj X[fc\jZ\ek\j hl\ Zfej`[\iXe cfj gfiifj Zfdf leX [if^X gfZf g\c`^ifjX f Zfe \jZXjfj \]\Zkfj jfYi\ \c fi^Xe`jdf% J`e \dYXi^f# ef k`\e\e \e Zl\ekX hl\1

FAFJ HL< EF M<E

( <c Xchl`ki}e [\c ZXeeXY`j Zfek`\e\ le ,' d}j [\ jljkXeZ`Xj ZXeZ\iÂ&#x2C6;^\eXj hl\ \c kXYXZf% 8jÂ&#x2C6;# ]ldXi

<c 0- [\ cfj gX[i\j \jgXÂ&#x152;fc\j ef jXY\e hl\ jlj _`afj X[fc\j$ Z\ek\j Zfejld\e [if^Xj p le gfiZ\ekXa\ j`d`cXi c\ hl`kX `dgfikXeZ`X Xc _\Z_f [\ hl\ cf _X^Xe# j\^Â&#x2019;e le \jkl[`f i\Xc`qX[f gfi \c GcXe EXZ`feXc [\ ;if^Xj% <jkX `em\jk`^XZ`Â?e i\Ă&#x2022;\aX hl\ \c )' [\ cfj aÂ?m\$ e\j [\ () X (, XÂ&#x152;fj Zfejld\e [\ ]fidX _XY`klXc# jfYi\ kf[f cfj Ă&#x201D;e\j [\ j\dXeX# XcZf_fc# kXYXZf p gfiifj%

ki\j gfiifj \j kXe g\ial[`Z`Xc gXiX cfj glcdfe\j Zfdf ]ldXi )' Z`^Xii`ccfj% <jkXj Z`]iXj# fYk\e`[Xj _XZ\ lefj d\j\j gfi cX gi\jk`^`fjX 9i`k`j_ Cle^ =fle[Xk`fe# _Xi}e g\ejXi X d}j [\ lef# jfYi\ kf[f X cfj hl\ fgkXe gfi ]ldXi ZXeeXY`j \e cl^Xi [\ kXYXZf gfi Zfej`[\iXicf d\efj [XÂ&#x152;`ef% ) <c fi^Xe`jdf kXi[X leX j\dXeX \e \c`d`eXi \c K?:# cf hl\ jlgfe\ gifYc\dXj [\ Xgi\e[`qXa\# ZfeZ\e$

kiXZ`Â?e p d\dfi`X# XjÂ&#x2C6; Zfdf i`\j^fj \e cX Zfe[lZZ`Â?e Xc m\ij\ X]\ZkX[X cX Zffi[`eXZ`Â?e gj`ZfdfkfiX% 8 cXi^f gcXqf# X[\d}j# `eĂ&#x2022;lp\ \e \c j`jk\dX \e[fZi`ef Xck\iX cXj _fidfeXj i\jgfejXYc\j [\c j`jk\dX i\gif[lZkfi p \e \c `edle`kXi`f% * :fe \c Zfejldf [\ ZXeeXY`j X \[X[\j k\dgiXeXj# [`jd`elp\ cX g\iZ\gZ`Â?e [\ i`\j^f _XZ`X cXj [if$

^Xj1 j\ kiXjgXjX leX cÂ&#x2C6;e\X gj`ZfcÂ?^`ZX `dgfikXek\# hl\ _XjkX \ekfeZ\j XZklXYX [\ gifk\ZZ`Â?e# p j\ \jk} d}j mlce\iXYc\ Xek\ fkifj Zfejldfj%

LE GFIIF# LE <LIF ?XZ\ij\ le gfiif ef \j kXe ]}Z`c1 _Xp hl\ d\qZcXi \c ZXe$ eXY`j Zfe \c kXYXZf p c`Xicf Zfe \c d`jdf gXg\c Zfe \c Xek`^lXd\ek\ j\ c`XYXe cfj Z`$ ^Xii`ccfj% J`e \dYXi^f# _fp \e [Â&#x2C6;X j\ \dg`\qX X m\i ZÂ?df X cfj d}j aÂ?m\e\j j\ cfj XkiX\ _XZ`X jl Zfejldf f]i\Z`Â&#x201E;e[fc\j ½\c kiXYXaf pX _\Z_fž# \j [\Z`i# j\ m\e[\e cfj ZXelkfj pX c`X[fj% CX \jkiXk\^`X \j dlp \]\Zk`mX1 le gfiif# le \lif% P X [XÂ&#x152;Xi cX jXcl[%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:) -

ÓY^W

KiXjkfiefj [\ cX Xc`d\ekXZ` e (

,ASõSE¿ALESõDEõALARMAõDEõLAõ ANOREXIAõENõELõAULA ½J\ YljZX dla\i# [\ \eki\ () p (/ X fj# `ek\c`^\ek\ p i\jgfejXYc\# [\ ]Xd`c`X XZfdf[X[X# X cX hl\ ef c\ ^ljk\ jl Zl\igf p [\j\\ g\i[\i Xc d\efj \c (, [\ jl g\jf¾% 8ek\ \jk\ ÔZk`Z`f XeleZ`f# hl\ j\ Zfii\jgfe[\ Zfe \c g\iÔc k`gf [\ leX g\ijfeX Zfe Xefi\o`X e\im`fjX# ¶Zl}ekXj X[fc\jZ\ek\j j\ [Xi Xe gi`jX \e i\jgfe[\i6 Gl\j j\^ e cXj \jkX[ jk`ZXj# Xc d\efj leX [\ ZX[X Z`\e# hl\ \j \c gfiZ\ekXa\ [\ ZXjfj i\^`jkiX[fj \e el\jkif gX j%

¶G\if Z df [\k\ZkXi le kiXj$ kfief [\ cX Xc`d\ekXZ` e \e \c }dY`kf \[lZXk`mf6

jlckX[fj% <e <[lZXZ` e = j`ZX jl\c\ \j]fiqXij\ Xc d}o`df%

` :fem\ijX Zfe ]i\Zl\eZ`X

jfYi\ [`\kXj f cXj ]fidXj [\c Zl\igf `[\Xc%

` <e \c ZXjf [\ cX Ylc`d`X1 jl

<jkXj jfe cXj j\ Xc\j [\ XcXi$ dX1

ZfdgfikXd`\ekf j\ _XZ\ d}j [\jfi^Xe`qX[f p [\jgi\fZl$ gX[f%

` I\Xc`qX dfm`d`\ekfj i\g\k`$

:% :fdgfikXd`\ekf \e \c Zfd\[fi

` <e \c ZXjf [\ cX Xefi\o`X1 jl

k`mfj f gXj\X j`e gXiXi Zfe \c Ôe [\ hl\dXi ZXcfi Xj%

8% 8jg\Zkf ] j`Zf ` Cc\mX ifgXj XeZ_Xj f a\ij\`j XkX[fj X cX Z`ekliX% ` <m`kX gfe\ij\ ifgX XaljkX[X p

cX Zfd`[X%

XgXi`\eZ`X \j [\ZX [X# `e]\c`q p [\ gfZf `ek\i j gfi cXj XZk`m`$ [X[\j \e cXj hl\ gXik`Z`gX%

_XZ\ Zfd\ekXi`fj [\jg\Zk`mfj XZ\iZX [\ jl Zl\igf%

` Dl\jkiX ZcXifj j`^efj [\

` <e \c ZXjf [\

` <e \c ZXjf [\ cX Xefi\o`X# j\

k\ej` e d`\ekiXj \jk} j\ekX[X X cX d\jX%

cX Ylc`d`X1 gl\[\ Zfd\i Z_lZ_\i Xj j` [\jgl j k`\e\ cX gfj`Y`c`[X[ [\ mfd`kXi% GfZf X gfZf cXj Xd`^Xj c\ [Xi}e [\ cX[f gfi jl Zfe[lZkX `e\jkXYc\%

` @ek\ekX jXckXij\ cX _fiX [\

fYj\imX leX i\[lZZ` e j`^e`Ô$ ZXk`mX [\ g\jf \e gfZf k`\dgf% 8jg\Zkf dXiZ_`kf p \ogi\j` e [\ ki`jk\qX%

` J\ hl\aX [\ hl\ \j [\dX$

j`X[X Zfd`[X f [\dXj`X[f ZXc i`ZX%

` <e \c ZXjf [\ cX Ylc`d`X

` <e ZXjf [\ cX Xefi\o`X1 gl\$

gl\[\ gi\j\ekXi \c j e[ifd\ [\ Iljj\cc _\i`[Xj f ZXccfj`[X$ [\j \e cfj el[`ccfj gif[lZ`[fj gfi \c m d`kf %

[\ \jZfe[\i f [\jd\elqXi fYj\j`mXd\ek\ cfj Xc`d\ekfj p jl\c\ kXi[Xi dlZ_f k`\dgf \e Zfd\i%

9% 8Zk`kl[ \e ZcXj\

` <e ZXjf [\ cX Ylc`d`X1 Zfd\

` GXi\Z\ hl\ \jk} `[X p d}j

d\efj [\ cf _XY`klXc cfj XkiX$ Zfe\j j\ cfj [X \e gi`mX[f %

ZXejX[X hl\ [\ ZfjkldYi\ j\ dXi\X f `eZcljf j\ [\jdXpX % ` <e \c ZXjf [\ cX Xefi\o`X1

\oZ\j`mX gi\fZlgXZ` e gfi cfj \jkl[`fj# Xc dXi^\e [\ cfj i\$

;% :fdgfikXd`\ekf \e \c i\Zi\f ` Jljk`klp\ \c YfZX[`ccf gfi

leX ]ilkX%

:) -

Ă&#x201C;Y^W

;IJEO FH;E9KF7:7 FEH C? 7C?=7

<E 9I<M<

DlZ_Xj m\Z\j cXj Xd`^Xj jfe cXj gi`d\iXj \e [Xij\ Zl\ekX [\ hl\ Xc^f ]XccX% J` kÂ&#x2019; \i\j leX [\ \ccXj# p jfjg\Z_Xj hl\ kl ZfdgXÂ&#x152;\iX jl]i\ le kiXjkfief [\ Xc`d\ekXZ`Â?e1

8EK< C8 JFJG<:?8%%%

( Ef k\ ]iljki\j j`# X g\jXi [\ klj `ek\ekfj# ef i\ZfefZ\ \c gifYc\dX p i\Z_XqX cX Xpl[X gif]\j`feXc%

;\ le ZXjf [\ kiXjkfief [\ cX Xc`d\ekXZ`Â?e \e \c XlcX# cf gi`d\if \j ZfekiXjkXi cX `e]fidXZ`Â?e Zfe \c i\jkf [\c gif]\jfiX[f% J` j\ ZfeĂ&#x201D;idXe cXj jfjg\Z_Xj# _Xp hl\ `e]fi$ dXi Xc klkfi p Xc fi`\ekX[fi gXiX gfe\ij\ [\ XZl\i[f \e \c gcXe [\ XZklXZ`Â?e% EfidXc$ d\ek\ \c gi`d\i gXjf j\i} \c [\ _XYcXi Zfe cX g\ijfeX X]\Z$ kX[X# \jZlZ_XicX p Zfem\eZ\icX gXiX hl\ Zl\ek\ cX j`klXZ`Â?e X jlj gX[i\j% J` ef j\ Xki\m\# cf gl\[\ _XZ\i \c klkfi% 8le \e ZfekiX [\ jl mfclekX[# _Xp hl\ `e]fidXi X cX ]Xd`c`X [\ cX gfj`Yc\ \o`jk\eZ`X [\c kiXjkfief \c [`X^eÂ?jk`Zf fĂ&#x201D;Z`Xc cf [\Y\ [Xi le \jg\Z`Xc`jkX % CX Zfe\$ o`Â?e \eki\ \c Z\ekif [\ jXcl[# cX ]Xd`c`X p \c Z\ekif \[lZXk`mf [\Y\ j\i ZfejkXek\%

) KiXkX [\ [fZld\ekXik\ XZ\iZX [\ \jk\ k`gf [\ kiXjkfiefj% :lXekf d}j j\gXj# d\afi gf[i}j Xpl[Xic\%

@ek\ekX _XYcXi Zfe Xc^l`\e [\ ml\jkif \ekfief Z\iZXef p [X cX mfq [\ XcXidX%

* <m`kX _XZ\ic\ Zfd\ekXi`fj jfYi\ jl Xjg\Zkf ]Â&#x2C6;j`Zf Zfdf ½ZX[X [Â&#x2C6;X \jk}j d}j [\c^X[Xž f ½k\ \jk}j

hl\[Xe[f \e cfj _l\jfjž% 8jÂ&#x2C6; Zfej\^l`i}j i\]fiqXi jl ZfdgfikXd`\ekf [\ gÂ&#x201E;i[`[X [\ g\jf p Xld\e$ kXi} jl gi\fZlgXZ`Â?e gfi \c ]Â&#x2C6;j`Zf% + @ek\ekX ef _XYcXi Zfe \ccX [\ [`\kXj# ZXcfiÂ&#x2C6;Xj f g\ijfeXj [\c \ekfief hl\ _Xe \e^fi[X[f f X[\c^XqX[f% , @ek\iÂ&#x201E;jXk\ gfi fkiXj }i\Xj [\ jl m`[X Xa\eXj X cX Xc`d\ekXZ`Â?e p X jl `dX^\e# Zfdf cfj \jkl[`fj# \c

kiXYXaf# cX ]Xd`c`X f cX gXi\aX% - I\ZlÂ&#x201E;i[Xc\ cf `dgfikXek\ hl\ \j jl Xd`jkX[ gXiX k` p cf fi^lccfjX hl\ \jk}j [\ hl\ j\X kl Xd`^X% <jk\

k`gf [\ kiXjkfiefj j\ Zfii\cXZ`feXe Zfe YXaX Xlkf\jk`dX p j\ek`d`\ekfj [\ `e]\i`fi`[X[% C\ Xpl[Xi} jXY\i hl\ gl\[\ ZfekXi Zfe kl Xpl[X% . KiXkX [\ XcXYXi kf[Xj cXj }i\Xj [\ jl g\ijfeX Xa\eXj Xc g\jf p X cX `dX^\e% ?Xqc\ \ek\e[\i hl\ leX

g\ijfeX ef \j Â&#x2019;e`ZXd\ek\ le Zl\igf f leX kXccX# j`ef le Zfealekf [\ ZlXc`[X[\j p [\ [\Y`c`[X[\j% / J` Zfd\j Zfe \ccX# ef gi\jk\j Xk\eZ`Â?e X cf hl\ `e^`\i\ e` X cf hl\ _XZ\ Zfe cfj Xc`d\ekfj% KXdgfZf

c\ i\Zfd`\e[\j cf hl\ [\Y\iÂ&#x2C6;X Zfd\i f cf hl\ ef1 jfe cfj \jg\Z`Xc`jkXj cfj hl\ [\Y\e XYfi[Xi \jk\ k\dX% 0 8lehl\ dl\jki\ i\Z_Xqf X i\cXZ`feXij\ Zfe cfj [\d}j# `ek\ekX `ek\^iXicX \e ^ilgfj# cc}dXcX gXiX

jXc`i p \m`kX hl\ j\ XÂ&#x2C6;jc\% (' Ef k\ [\jXe`d\j j` ef m\j i\jlckX[fj X Zfikf gcXqf1 \c kiXkXd`\ekf \j cXi^f p jl\c\ _XY\i i\kifZ\jfj p

i\ZXÂ&#x2C6;[Xj%

:FDG8z<IFJ ;< GLG@KI< J` \e \c XlcX _Xp le ZXjf [\ Xefi\o`X f Ylc`d`X e\im`fjX# ef \j e\Z\jXi`f Zfdle`ZXi \jk\ [`X^eÂ?jk`Zf Xc i\jkf [\ cfj ZfdgXÂ&#x152;\ifj% G\if j` \j Xc^f hl\ kf[fj jXY\e# \ekfeZ\j \j d\afi _XYcXicf [\ leX ]fidX eXkliXc# g`[`\e[f cX ZfcXYf$ iXZ`Â?e [\ kf[fj% 8 cX g\ijfeX X]\ZkX[X \e Zl\jk`Â?e _Xp hl\ kiXkXicX Zfe efidXc`[X[# \m`$ kXe[f jXZXi k\dXj i\cXk`mfj Xc g\jf# `dX^\e f Xc`d\ekXZ`Â?e% ;\j[\ \c glekf [\ m`jkX XZX$ [Â&#x201E;d`Zf# \j i\Zfd\e[XYc\ dfjkiXi Z`\ikX Ă&#x2022;\o`Y`c`[X[ \e cX i\Xc`qXZ`fe [\ \o}d\e\j gXiX hl\ gl\[X XZl[`i X jlj i\m`j`fe\j dÂ&#x201E;[`ZXj% KXdY`Â&#x201E;e \j `dgfikXek\ `ek\ekXi `ek\$ ^iXicX \e \c ^ilgf# \m`kXe[f jl X`jcXd`\ekf%

5 G8I8 J89<I DĂ?J

_kkg1&&nnn%dXjhl\leX`dX^\e%Zfd&

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:) .

ÓY^W

KiXjkfiefj [\ cX Xc`d\ekXZ` e )

#ÀMOõDETECTARõLAõBULIMIA ;\c^X[\q `^lXc X ]\c`Z`[X[% 8j [\ j\eZ`ccX \j cX ] idlcX hl\ j\ XlkfXgc`ZXe \e jl m`[X Zfk`[`XeX cXj g\ijfeXj hl\ jl]i\e Xefi\o`X f Ylc`d`X% <e XdYfj ZXjfj# j\ kiXkX [\ le kiXjkfief d\ekXc \e \c hl\ \c k\dfi X \e^fi[Xi XZXYX [\i`mXe[f \e le gifZ\jf [\gi\j`mf% ;\ _\Z_f# X m\Z\j \j [`] Z`c jXY\i j` \jkXdfj Xek\ le gifYc\dX l fkif1 ZXj` cX d`kX[ [\ cXj g\ijfeXj hl\ gi\j\ekXe Xefi\o`X e\im`fjX kXdY` e dXe`Ô\jkXe XkXhl\j [\ Ylc`d`X% CX gXcXYiX \e j gifm`\e\ [\c k id`ef ^i`\^f ½Yflc`dfj¾# hl\ c`k\iXcd\ek\ j`^e`ÔZX Ê_XdYi\ [\ Yl\pË% 8 [`]\i\eZ`X [\ cfj Xefi o`Zfj# cfj Ylc d`Zfj Zfej\imXe le g\jf \eki\ cfj c d`k\j [\ cf hl\ j\ Zfej`[\iX efidXc# gfi cf hl\ jl Xjg\Zkf gl\[\ j\i jXcl[XYc\ \ `eZcljf [\ jfYi\g\jf# cf hl\ _XZ\ d}j [`] Z`c [\k\ZkXi cX \e]\id\[X[%

Cf d}j ZXiXZk\i jk`Zf [\ \jk\ kiXjkfief jfe cfj XkiXZfe\j1 cX g\ijfeX X]\ZkX[X `e^`\i\ [\ dXe\iX [\jZfekifcX[X ^iXe[\j ZXek`[X[\j [\ Zfd`[X \e Zfikfj g\i f[fj [\ k`\dgf% @ed\[`XkX$ d\ek\ [\jgl j X[fgkX Xc^leXj \jkiXk\^`Xj gXiX ZfekiXii\jkXi \j\ \oZ\jf# Zfdf gfi \a\dgcf cX gifmfZXZ` e [\c m d`kf1 \jkX Zfe[lZkX ]i\eX [\ `ed\[`Xkf cX j\ejXZ` e [\ ZlcgX# cX ]XckX [\ Zfekifc p \c d`\[f X \e^fi[Xi% CX gi\mXc\eZ`X [\ \jk\ kiXjkfief \eki\ X[fc\jZ\ek\j p a m\e\j \j [\ ZXj` \c * # j`\e[f \c 0' [\ cfj ZXjfj \e dla\i\j% CX \[X[ [\ `e`Z`f fjZ`cX \eki\ cfj (/ p cfj ), X fj# Xlehl\ j\ ZXcZlcX

hl\ cX [`ÔZlckX[ [\ [`X^e jk`Zf gl\[\ \edXjZXiXi \c gifYc\dX [liXek\ X fj j`e hl\ cX g\i$ jfeX X]\ZkX[X Yljhl\ Xpl[X% <e ZlXekf cXj ZXljXj%%% jfe dl$ Z_Xj% <c d`\[f X dX[liXi# leX YXaX Xlkf\jk`dX f le \oX^\iX[f [\j\f [\ g\i]\ZZ` e p XlkfZfe$ kifc jfe Xc^lefj [\ cfj iXj^fj ZXiXZk\i jk`Zfj [\ cXj g\ijfeXj hl\ jl]i\e \jkfj kiXjkfiefj% <c k`gf [\ ]Xd`c`X le Zc`dX ^\e\$ iXc [`jkXek\ p gfZf X]\Zklfjf f jfYi\gifk\Zkfi p Zfe gi\fZl$ gXZ` e \oZ\j`mX gfi cXj [`\kXj kXdY` e gl\[\ XZklXi Zfdf \c\d\ekf [\j\eZX[\eXek\% KXekf cX Xefi\o`X Zfdf cX Yl$ c`d`X jfe \e]\id\[X[\j hl\

j\ Zife`ÔZXe \e cX dXpfi X [\ cfj gXZ`\ek\j# [Xe[f cl^Xi X leX ^iXe ZXek`[X[ [\ Xck\iX$ Z`fe\j fi^}e`ZXj hl\ gl\[\e Zfem\ik`ij\ \e g\idXe\ek\j% <jkXj Zfej\Zl\eZ`Xj jfe d}j ]i\Zl\ek\j ZlXekf dXpfi j\X \c k`\dgf [\ \mfclZ` e [\ cX \e]\id\[X[% ;\ X_ cX `dgfi$ kXeZ`X [\ cX [\k\ZZ` e gi\Zfq [\ \jkfj kiXjkfiefj%

<E 9I<M< EF JFP LE8 ½JLG<INFD8Ež# ÂśP HLy6 Cfj XeleZ`fj# cXj g\cÂ&#x2C6;ZlcXj p cXj j\i`\j [\ k\c\m`j`Â?e efj f]i\Z\e leX `dX^\e [\ cX dla\i hl\ j\ gXi\Z\ d}j X cX [\ leX jlg\infdXe ^lXgX [\ ZXiX# g\i]\ZkX [\ Zl\igf \ `ek\c`^\ek\ \e jl ]fidX [\ XZklXi hl\ X leX g\ijfeX [\ ZXie\ d}j f d\efj XYle[Xek\ p _l\jf% <jkX gi\j`Â?e# le`[X X cX `[\X [\ hl\ \c Â&#x201E;o`kf j\ [\Y\ X cX [\c^X[\q# cc\mX X Xc^leXj dla\i\j X \dYXiZXij\ \e leXj [`\kXj kXe ]l\ik\j hl\ X m\Z\j [\i`mXe \e \e]\id\[X[\j ZiÂ?e`ZXj%

@EK<IE<K# <C J<:I<KF ;< C8J 8;FC<J:<EK<J

CXj g\ijfeXj hl\ gX[\Z\e Xefi\o`X f Ylc`d`X lk`c`qXe cX I\[ gXiX Zfdle`ZXij\ Zfe fkiXj X]\ZkX[Xj# efidXcd\ek\ dla\i\j X[fc\jZ\ek\j% <e \ccX j\ \eZl\ekiXe \e Z`iZlcXZ`Â?e le dfekÂ?e [\ j`k`fj n\Y Zfe Z\ekifj [\ k_`e`ejg`iXk`fe# f cX [\c^X[\q cc\mX[X Xc \oki\df Zfdf \jk`cf [\ m`[X% 8 g\jXi [\ hl\ dlZ_fj [\ \jkfj Zfek\e`[fj [\jXgXi\Z`\ife [\jglÂ&#x201E;j [\ cXj [\eleZ`Xj [\ XjfZ`XZ`fe\j [\ clZ_X ZfekiX cfj kiXjkfiefj Xc`d\ekXi`fj# XÂ&#x2019;e _fp \e [Â&#x2C6;X \o`jk\e g}^`eXj [fe[\ k\ \ej\Â&#x152;Xe X jfYi\m`m`i Zfd`\e[f leX dXeqXeX Xc [Â&#x2C6;X f X g\i[\i g\jf j`e hl\ eX[`\ j\ [Â&#x201E; Zl\ekX%

:) .

Ă&#x201C;Y^W

9K7D:E ;B ;D;C?=E ;I B7 9EC?:7 J\ k`\e\j jfjg\Z_Xj [\ hl\ le Xd`^f f ]Xd`c`Xi gl\[\ gX[\Z\i Xc^Â&#x2019;e k`gf [\ \e]\id\[X[ i\cXZ`feX[X Zfe cX Xc`d\ekXZ`Â?e# `ek\ekX hl\ i\ZfefqZX jl gifYc\dX p j\ [\Z`[X X g\[`i Xpl[X gif]\j`feXc# Xlehl\ cf d}j gifYXYc\ \j hl\ j\ e`\^l\ X _XZ\icf% <jkfj jfe Xc^lefj `e[`ZX[fi\j hl\ gl\[\e fi`\ekXik\ X cX _fiX [\ \eZ\e[\i cXj clZ\j [\ XcXidX1

Â&#x203A; J\ Xk`YfiiX X Zfd\i [\ leX dXe\iX [\jZfekifcX[X# `eZcljf [liXek\ g\iÂ&#x2C6;f[fj [\ [fj _fiXj Â&#x203A; K`\e\ cX j\ejXZ`Â?e [\ hl\ ef gl\[\ gXiXi [\ Zfd\i Â&#x203A; ?XZ\ [`\kXj dlp i`^lifjXj f g\iÂ&#x2C6;f[fj [\ Xplef gXiX Zfdg\ejXi cfj \oZ\jfj Â&#x203A; J\ gifmfZX mÂ?d`kfj Â&#x203A; 8YljX [\ cXoXek\j p [`liÂ&#x201E;k`Zfj Â&#x203A; <jk} dlp gi\fZlgX[f gfi jl g\jf Â&#x203A; :fd\ X \jZfe[`[Xj Â&#x203A; K`\e\ gifYc\dXj Zfe cX [\ekX[liX Â&#x203A; <jZfe[\ Zfd`[X Â&#x203A; J\ [`jkXeZ`X [\ cfj Xd`^fj p cfj ]Xd`c`Xi\j Â&#x203A; Dl\jkiX ZXdY`fj [\ _ldfi p [\gi\j`Â?e LeX m\q hl\ \c YlcÂ&#x2C6;d`Zf j\ gfe\ X kiXkXd`\ekf# ef _Xp hl\ YljZXi i\jlckX[fj i}g`[fj# pX hl\ \j le gifZ\jf cXi^f p cc\ef [\ Xck`YXafj% CX `ek\im\eZ`Â?e \j leX ZfdY`eXZ`Â?e [\ ]XidXZfcf^Â&#x2C6;X efidXcd\ek\ Xek`[\gi\j`mfj # i\\[lZXZ`Â?e [`\kÂ&#x201E;k`ZX gfi cX hl\ \c \e]\idf k`\e\ hl\ Xgi\e[\i el\mXj gXlkXj p _}Y`kfj [\ Xc`d\ekXZ`Â?e # p gj`Zfk\iXg`X `e[`m`[lXc f ^ilgXc# `dgi\jZ`e[`Yc\ gXiX \ek\e[\i cX \e]\id\[X[ p i\fi^Xe`qXi XZk`kl[\j% <e kf[f \jk\ gifZ\jf \j ]le[Xd\ekXc cX ZfcXYfiXZ`Â?e [\ cX ]Xd`c`X%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:) /

ÓY^W

<e Yl\eX ]fidX

,OSõESTUDIANTESõESPA¿OLES õLOSõ M°SõSEDENTARIOSõDEõLAõ5% D\afiX cX ZXgXZ`[X[ [\ Xgi\e[\i2 dXek`\e\ cfj _l\jfj# cfj d jZlcfj p cXj Xik`ZlcXZ`fe\j jXcl[XYc\j2 [`jd`elp\ \c \jki j p Xpl[X X ZfekifcXi \c g\jf# ¶hl \j6 I\jgl\jkX X cX X[`m`eXeqX1 \c \a\iZ`Z`f ] j`Zf% :fe j\d\aXek\j Y\e\ÔZ`fj \j [`] Z`c [\ \ek\e[\i gfi hl iXq e cfj e` fj \jgX fc\j jfe# alekf X cfj gfikl^l\j\j# cfj d}j j\[\ekXi`fj [\ kf[X cX Le` e <lifg\X% ;\ _\Z_f# cfj \og\ikfj `ej`jk\e \e hl\ ]fd\ekXi cX gi}Zk`ZX [\c [\gfik\ p cX XZk`m`[X[ ] j`ZX \e cfj e` fj [\ ]fidX _XY`klXc# alekf Xc j\^l`d`\ekf [\ leX [`\kX cf d}j \hl`c`YiX[X gfj`Yc\# \j cX d\afi \jkiXk\^`X gXiX gi\m\e`i p kiXkXi \c jfYi\g\jf p cX fY\j`[X[# hl\ \e cX XZklXc`[X[ pX X]\ZkXe Xc ,' [\ cfj d\efi\j \jgX fc\j%

<e ZfeZi\kf# cfj Y\e\ÔZ`fj [\ i\Xc`qXi XZk`m`[X[ ] j`ZX Zfe i\^lcXi`[X[ [\j[\ cfj gi`d\ifj X fj [\ m`[X jfe cfj j`^l`\ek\j1

+% D\afiX cX jXcl[ d\ekXc p \c Y`\e\jkXi gj`Zfc ^`Zf% <e ZfeZi\kf1 ` I\[lZ\ cX Xej`\[X[ p \c

\jki j%

(% =Xmfi\Z\ \c Zi\Z`d`\ekf p \c [\jXiifccf jXcl[XYc\ [\c j`jk\$ dX ZXi[`fmXjZlcXi p d jZlcf$ \jhl\c k`Zf%

` Gi\m`\e\ cX [\gi\j` e%

)% I\[lZ\ cX gifYXY`c`[X[ [\

` Fgk`d`qX cX ]leZ` e Zf^e`$

jl]i`i1

k`mX# \j [\Z`i# cX ZXgXZ`[X[ [\ Xgi\e[\i

` D\afiX cX Xlkf\jk`dX%

` ;`XY\k\j [\ k`gf )% ` =Xmfi\Z\ cXj `ek\iXZZ`fe\j ` ?`g\ik\ej` e%

jfZ`Xc\j jXk`j]XZkfi`Xj%

` GifYc\dXj [\ Zfc\jk\ifc%

,% @eZi\d\ekX cX gfj`Y`c`[X[

` <e]\id\[X[\j ZXi[`fmXj$

[\ Zfem\ik`ij\ \e leX g\ijf$ eX XZk`mX p [\gfik`jkX ZlXe[f j\ \j X[lckf%

ZlcXi\j%

*% Gi\m`\e\ \c jfYi\g\jf p cX fY\j`[X[ \e cX X[fc\jZ\eZ`X p \e cX \[X[ X[lckX

<e [\Ôe`k`mX# \c j`dgc\ _\Z_f [\ `eZfigfiXi [\k\id`eX[Xj XZk`m`[X[\j ] j`ZXj p [\gfik`mXj

[\ekif [\c _fiXi`f j\dXeXc [\ cfj d\efi\j jlgfe\ leX j\i`\ [\ m\ekX$ aXj gXiX jl jXcl[ hl\ ef gl\[\e j\i `^efiX[Xj% 8j gl\j# ¶gfi hl ef Zfem\ik`i \jk\ fYa\k`mf \e le gif$ g j`kf gXiX \c el\mf X f6 J\^lif hl\ ef \j kXe [`] Z`c%%%

<E 9I<M< ÂśGFI HLy <E>FI;8E6 CX Fi^Xe`qXZ`Â?e Dle[`Xc [\ cX JXcl[ Zfej`[\iX hl\ jfe [`\q cXj k\e[\eZ`Xj jfZ`Xc\j hl\ \ogc`ZXe cX \g`[\d`X [\ fY\j`[X[ \e cX `e]XeZ`X1

(% <c `eZi\d\ekf [\c ljf [\ m\_Â&#x2C6;Zlcfj dfkfi`qX[fj X cX _fiX [\ i\Xc`qXi ZlXchl`\i [\jgcXqXd`\ekf# Zfdf XZl[`i Xc Z\ekif \jZfcXi%

)% CX i\[lZZ`Â?e [\ fgfikle`$ [X[\j gXiX i\Xc`qXi XZk`m`[X[ ]Â&#x2C6;j`ZX \e \c k`\dgf [\ fZ`f1 gfZXj qfeXj m\i[\j# `e$ j\^li`[X[ Z`l[X[XeX# \jgXZ`fj i\[lZ`[fj%%%

*% <c Xld\ekf [\c fZ`f j\[\e$ kXi`f1 m`[\fal\^fj# @ek\ie\k# k\$ c\m`j`Â?e%%% Cfj e`Â&#x152;fj \jgXÂ&#x152;fc\j jfe# alekf X cfj Yi`k}e`Zfj# cfj hl\ gXjXe d}j _fiXj [\cXek\ [\ cX k\c\m`j`Â?e# Zfe le gifd\[`f [\ [fj _fiXj p d\[`X Xc [Â&#x2C6;X%

+% CX dXpfi ZXek`[X[ p mXi`\$ [X[ [\ Xc`d\ekfj [`jgfe`Yc\j Zfe le Xckf Zfek\e`[f ZXcÂ?i`Zf1 Yfcc\iÂ&#x2C6;X# Z_lZ_\iÂ&#x2C6;Xj# Zfd`[X YXjliX%%%

,% <c Xld\ekf [\ cXj fgfikle`$ [X[\j gXiX ZfdgiXi Xc`d\ekfj X kf[Xj _fiXj%

:) /

Ă&#x201C;Y^W CKxL;J;" CKxL;J;

J` \jk}j \jg\iXe[f X hl\ cXj ^XeXj [\ _XZ\i \a\iZ`Z`f ccXd\e X kl gl\ikX%%% \jg\iX j\ekX[f% Jfe dlp gfZfj cfj hl\ j\ j`\ek\e \eklj`XjdX[fj Xek\ cX g\ijg\Zk`mX [\ XglekXij\ X le ^`deXj`f f \dg\qXi X giXZk`ZXi le [\gfik\% CXj `[\Xj [\iifk`jkXj gifekf k\ XZ\Z_Xi}e# XjÂ&#x2C6; hl\ m\k\ g\ejXe[f ZÂ?df k\ gl\[\j dfk`mXi gXiX cc\mXi X ZXYf kl fYa\k`mf% <c j`^l`\ek\ ZlX[if i\jld\ cXj \oZljXj kÂ&#x2C6;g`ZXj X cXj hl\ efj X^XiiXdfj gXiX XgcXqXi \c dfd\ekf [\ \dg\qXi X jl[Xi cX ZXd`j\kX% G\if kXdY`Â&#x201E;e `eZclp\ cXj iXqfe\j gXiX ef k\e\icXj \e Zl\ekX1

KL @;<8 ;<IIFK@JK8%%%

8I>LD<EKF <E :FEKI8

CX m\i[X[ \j hl\ Zfe kXekXj _fiXj [\ ZcXj\ p Zfe cf hl\ k\e^f hl\ \jkl[`Xi ef k\e^f k`\dgf gXiX _XZ\i e`e^Â&#x2019;e [\gfik\%

JXY\j hl\ \eZfekiXi k`\dgf \j Zl\jk`Â?e [\ gi`fi`[X[\j1 jldX cXj _fiXj hl\ k\ gXjXj ZX[X j\dXeX [\cXek\ [\c k\c\m`jfi% J\^lif hl\ gl\[\j jXZXi [\ X_Â&#x2C6; leXj ZlXekXj gXiX _XZ\i le gfZf [\ \a\iZ`Z`f%

D\ m\f i`[Â&#x2C6;Zlcf Zfe \c Xkl\e[f [\gfik`$ mf% 8[\d}j# jfp dlp gXkfjf%

MXdfj X m\i# ef j\ kiXkX [\ hl\ k\ Zfem`\ikXj \e le 9\Zb_Xd f \e leX M`Zkfi`X % J\^Â&#x2019;e giXZk`hl\j# `i}j d\afiXe[f klj dfm`d`\ekfj% J` Xle XjÂ&#x2C6; ef jfgfikXj cX `[\X [\ hl\ cfj [\d}j k\ m\Xe \e \c ^`deXj`f f Zfii`\e[f Zfe le Z_}e[Xc gl\jkf# gl\[\j \dg\qXi _XZ`\e[f \a\iZ`Z`f \e ZXjX \jk`iXd`\ekfj# XY[fd`eXc\j# Ă&#x2022;\o`fe\j%%% % J\^lif hl\ kl gif]\jfi [\ ^`deXj`X k\ gl\[\ Xj\jfiXi%

EleZX d\ _X ^ljkX[f _XZ\i \a\iZ`Z`f# ef Zi\f hl\ X_fiX ZXdY`\e cXj ZfjXj%

D\afi g`\ejX hl\ _XjkX X_fiX ef _Xj \eZfekiX[f \c k`gf [\ \a\iZ`Z`f ]Â&#x2C6;j`Zf hl\ j\ X[Xgk\ X kl ]fidX [\ j\i% 8kiÂ&#x201E;m\k\ Zfe el\mXj XZk`m`[X[\j1 YX`c\ [\ jXcÂ?e# g`iX^Â&#x2022;`jdf# eXkXZ`Â?e# X\ifY`Z# j\e[\i`jdf# al[f# dfekXÂ&#x152;`jdf# pf^X# YXklZX# kX`Z_Â&#x2C6;%%% f# j`dgc\d\ek\# gil\YX X [Xi cXi^fj gXj\fj \jZlZ_Xe[f kl dÂ&#x2019;j`ZX ]Xmfi`kX f Zfe cX Ă&#x201D;\c ZfdgXÂ&#x152;Â&#x2C6;X [\ kl g\iif hl\ j\^lif hl\ [`j]ilkXi} kXekf f d}j hl\ kÂ&#x2019; %

D`j gX[i\j k`\e\e hl\ gX^Xi gfi \c ^`deXj`f f gfi cX XZk`m`[X[ [\gfik`mX dlZ_f [`e\if# ef d\i\Z\ cX g\eX \c ^Xjkf%

@dX^Â&#x2C6;eXk\ \c [`e\if hl\ _XYi} hl\ `em\ik`i gXiX ZfdYXk`i cfj gif$ Yc\dXj [\ jXcl[ hl\ gl\[\j gX[\Z\i \e le ]lklif gfi le \oZ\jf [\ j\[\ekXi`jdf f gfi le gifYc\dX [\ fY\j`[X[% <e i\Xc`[X[ \j leX g\hl\Â&#x152;X `em\ij`Â?e [\ ZXiX Xc ]lklif% 8[\d}j# gXiX _XZ\i \a\iZ`Z`f ef \j `dgi\jZ`e[`Yc\ gX^Xi%

J`\dgi\ \jkfp ZXejX[f%%% ¡ef k\e^f ]l\iqXj e` gXiX dfm\i le [\[f

<c \a\iZ`Z`f ]Â&#x2C6;j`Zf Xld\ekX cX j\ejXZ`Â?e [\ ]fikXc\qX p \e\i^Â&#x2C6;X% <j [\Z`i# k\ ZXi^X cXj g`cXj% GifYXYc\d\ek\ k\ j`\ek\j ZXejX[f gfihl\ ef k\ dl\m\j%%%

-% <c `eZi\d\ekf [\ i\jkXliXek\j [\ Zfd`[X i}g`[X%

.% <c dXpfi kXdXÂ&#x152;f [\ cXj iXZ`f$ e\j \e cfj i\jkXliXek\j%

/% <c Zfejldf [\ i\]i\jZfj \e jljk`klZ`Â?e [\c X^lX%

0% CX fd`j`Â?e [\c [\jXplef jljk`kl`[f X d\[`X dXÂ&#x152;XeX gfi Xc`d\ekfj _`g\iZXcÂ?i`$ Zfj % ('% CX [`jd`elZ`Â?e [\ cX XZk`m`$ [X[ ]Â&#x2C6;j`ZX \e cX m`[X Zfk`[`XeX%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:) '&

ÓY^W

<[lZXi gXiX cX `^lXc[X[

%LLASõTAMBI·NõJUEGANõALõFÅTBOL ?XjkX hl\ cc\^Xe X cX X[fc\jZ\eZ`X cX XZk`m`[X[ ] j`ZX hl\ i\Xc`qXe el\jkifj \jZfcXi\j \j XZ\gkXYc\2 X gXik`i [\ \jX \[X[# cfj _}Y`kfj ZX\e X gcfdf# d}j X e j` _XYcXdfj [\ cXj e` Xj# hl\ j`\dgi\ j\ \eZl\ekiXe dlp gfi [\YXaf [\ jlj ZfdgX \ifj \e cf hl\ Xc \a\iZ`Z`f ] j`Zf j\ i\Ô\i\% 8c d\efj# \jkf \j cf hl\ i\Õ\aXe cXj ck`dXj <eZl\jkXj EXZ`feXc\j [\ JXcl[# hl\ i\m\cXe hl\ \c e`m\c [\ XZk`m`[X[ ] j`ZX i\^lcXi \j [\c /' \e cfj Z_XmXc\j [\ \eki\ , p () X fj# cf hl\ ef \jk} eX[X dXc2 j`e \dYXi^f# [`jd`elp\ _XjkX \c (* \e cXj g\ijfeXj [\ \eki\ ), p +, X fj% :li`fjXd\ek\# X gXik`i [\ \jkX \[X[ \c gfiZ\ekXa\ [\ [\gfik`jkXj i\glekX _XjkX \c )' # Xlehl\ \e dlZ_fj ZXjfj j\ [\Y\ X leX gi\jZi`gZ` e d [`ZX%

8j hl\ cX gi\^lekX ZX\ [\ ZXa e1 ¶gfi hl Zfe \c k`\dgf efj mfcm\dfj d}j `eXZk`mfj6 CXj i\jgl\jkXj jfe mXi`Xj1 ` <j \m`[\ek\ hl\ cfj `ek\i\j\j

ZXdY`Xe Zfe cX \[X[1 \e cX X[f$ c\jZ\eZ`X XgXi\Z\e Xck\ieXk`mXj X cfj al\^fj `e]Xek`c\j dlZ_f d}j XkiXZk`mXj# Xlehl\ \e fZXj`fe\j dlZ_f d\efj jX$ cl[XYc\j% ` 8 m\Z\j j\ g`\ejX [\ ]fi$

dX \ii e\X hl\ cfj \jkl[`fj i\hl`\i\e kf[f \c k`\dgf [`j$ gfe`Yc\# ZlXe[f cf Z`\ikf \j hl\ leX ZfjX ef \j `eZfdgXk`Yc\ Zfe cX fkiX% ;\ _\Z_f# cX XZk`m`[X[ ] j`ZX d\$ afiX \c i\e[`d`\ekf `ek\c\ZklXc% ` <j ]i\Zl\ek\ hl\ cfj gX[i\j [\a\e [\ dfjkiXi `ek\i j gfi cfj [\gfik\j hl\ giXZk`ZXe jlj _`afj# Zfe cX ]XcjX Zi\\eZ`X [\ hl\ \c \a\iZ`Z`f \j ZfjX [\ e` fj% <e \c ZXjf [\ cXj _`aXj# \c [\j`ek\i j \j X e dXpfi%

` <c \jk`cf [\ m`[X ZX[X m\q d}j

j\[\ekXi`f _XZ\ hl\ cfj X[fc\j$ Z\ek\j gXj\e le gifd\[`f [\ ki\j _fiXj [\cXek\ [\ cX k\c\ p fkiXj kXekXj Xek\ \c fi[\eX[fi% <jk} dlp Y`\e hl\ ZfaXe kXYcXj \e \c dXe\af [\ cXj el\mXj k\Zefcf^ Xj¿# ·g\if hl\ ef j\ fcm`[\e [\ hl\ k`\e\e g`\ieXj gXiX dfm\ij\

½D\ej jXeX `e Zfigfi\ jXef¾ Cfj Y\e\ÔZ`fj [\ cX XZk`m`[X[ ] j`ZX jfe Y`\e ZfefZ`[fj gfi kf[fj% G\if ef d\efj `dgfikXek\j jfe cXj m\ekXaXj hl\ i\gfikX \e \c Xjg\Zkf gj`Zfc ^`Zf1 \jk} [\dfjkiX[f hl\ i\[lZ\ cfj e`m\c\j [\ \jki j# \c dXc\jkXi p cfj j ekfdXj [\ [\gi\j` e# Xc k`\dgf hl\ ]fikXc\Z\ cX Xlkf\jk`dX# ]le[Xd\ekXc \e cX ]fidXZ` e [\ cX gifg`X g\ijfeXc`[X[% G\if# cf d}j `dgfikXek\ [\ kf[f# \c \a\iZ`Z`f efj f]i\Z\ \c ^iXe gcXZ\i [\ [`j]ilkXi [\ el\jkif Zl\igf%

<E 9I<M<

:) '&

Ă&#x201C;Y^W >;9>EI O 9EDI;@EI <C ?<:?F <J HL<Âż

CF HL< GF;<DFJ ?8:<I <JÂż

LE8 K<I8G@8 E8;8 G<C@>IFJ8 Le \a\dgcf [\ cX \]\Zk`m`[X[ [\c [\gfik\ Zfdf k\iXg`X cf m`dfj _XZ\ lefj d\j\j \e leX efk`Z`X hl\ m\eÂ&#x2C6;X [\j[\ le ZXdgf [\ i\]l^`X[fj [\c efik\ [\ 8]^Xe`jk}e1 e`Â&#x152;fj p e`Â&#x152;Xj# gfi gi`d\iX m\q \e jl m`[X# al^XYXe Xc ]Â&#x2019;kYfc Zfe cfj YXcfe\j hl\ c\j _XYÂ&#x2C6;Xe cc\^X[f [\ 8pl[X @ek\ieXZ`feXc% Cfj kiXYXaX[fi\j jfZ`Xc\j hl\ j\ \eZXi^Xife [\ \ej\Â&#x152;Xic\j cXj i\^cXj Y}j`ZXj [\c al\^f Xj\^liXe hl\ ]l\ cX gi`d\iX m\q hl\ cfj \jZlZ_Xife i\Â&#x2C6;i p ^i`kXi [\ Xc\^iÂ&#x2C6;X%

(% 8 cfj e`Â&#x152;fj j\ cfj `eZ`kX [\j[\ g\hl\Â&#x152;fj gXiX j\i XZk`mfj2 X cXj e`Â&#x152;Xj# dlZ_f d\efj%

(% 8e`dXic\j gfi `^lXc1 cfj Y\e\Ă&#x201D;Z`fj gXiX cX jXcl[ jfe cfj d`jdfj%

)% Cfj al\^fj [\gfik`mfj d}j gfglcXi\j \jk}e XjfZ`X[fj Xc k`gf [\ al\^fj hl\ d}j c\j ^ljkXe X \ccfj%

)% <o`^`i leX f]\ikX Xdgc`X p XkiXZk`mX%

*% CX ]fidX \e hl\ j\ cfj m`jk\ [\j[\ hl\ jfe g\hl\Â&#x152;fj c\j Zfe[`Z`feX jl c`Y\ikX[ [\ dfm`d`\ekf1 \ccXj jl\c\e cc\mXi cXj [\ g\i[\i%

*% M\jk`i X e`Â&#x152;Xj p e`Â&#x152;fj Zfe ifgX ZÂ?df[X%

+% 8 cXj e`Â&#x152;Xj j\ c\j mXcfiX dlZ_f \c _\Z_f [\ \jkXi +% MXcfiXi cX XZk`m`[X[ ]Â&#x2C6;j`ZX hl\ i\Xc`qXe# jfYi\ kf[f X \ccXj% ^lXgXj2 X cfj e`Â&#x152;fj j\ c\j XgcXl[\e jlj _XY`c`[X[\j dfki`Z\j% ,% <o`jk\ cX `[\X [\ hl\ _Xp XZk`m`[X[\j gXiX Z_`ZXj p fkiXj gXiX Z_`Zfj1 cXj [\c j\of dXjZlc`ef jl\c\e j\i dlZ_f d}j XYle[Xek\j p XZZ\j`Yc\j%

,% Ef ZX\i \e Zfem\eZ`feXc`jdfj1 ef gXjX eX[X gfihl\ \ccXj al\^l\e Xc ]Â&#x2019;kYfc p \ccfj X cX ZfdYX%

-% 8Â&#x2019;e _fp \e [Â&#x2C6;X# dlZ_Xj e`Â&#x152;Xj k`\e\e d\efj k`\dgf c`Yi\ gfihl\ k`\e\e hl\ \Z_Xi le dXef \e cXj cXYfi\j [\ ZXjX%

-% I\gXik`i cXj XZk`m`[X[\j [fdÂ&#x201E;jk`ZXj \eki\ lefj p fkiXj1 kXdY`Â&#x201E;e \j \a\iZ`Z`f%

.% 8 cfj e`Â&#x152;fj j\ c\j i\^XcX YXcfe\j# iXhl\kXj p dXk\i`Xc [\gfik`mf2 X \ccXj# al\^fj `eXZk`mfj p XZZ\jfi`fj [\ Y\cc\qX%

.% Gfe\i X [`jgfj`Z`Â?e [\ cXj e`Â&#x152;Xj gXk`e\j# YXcfe\j p ZXd`j\kXj [\ ]Â&#x2019;kYfc# gfi gfe\i le \a\dgcf%

/% CXj [\gfik`jkXj [\ Â&#x201E;c`k\ ]\d\e`eXj k`\e\e dlZ_X d\efj mXcfiXZ`Â?e jfZ`Xc hl\ jlj Zfc\^Xj dXjZlc`$ efj%

/% :lXe[f k`\e\e \[X[ gXiX Zfdgi\e[\icf# _XYcXi Zfe \ccfj p \ccXj XZ\iZX [\ \jkfj k\dXj%

0% ?Xp gfZXj [\gfik`jkXj ]\d\e`eXj# gfi cf hl\ \o`jk\e gfZfj df[\cfj hl\ `d`kXi%

0% 8e`dXicXj X hl\ giXZk`hl\e Xc^Â&#x2019;e [\gfik\ [\ ]fidX _XY`klXc%

('% :fdf i\jlckX[f [\ \jkfj Zfe[`Z`feXek\j# \e kf[Xj cXj \[X[\j p ^ilgfj jfZ`Xc\j cXj dla\i\j jfe dlZ_f d}j `eXZk`mXj hl\ cfj _fdYi\j%

('% Ef g\id`k`i hl\ XYXe[fe\e \c _}Y`kf [\gfik`mf gfi ZlcgX [\ cfj \jkl[`fj f gfi j`dgc\ [\aX[\q%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:) ''

ÓY^W

GXik\ [\ cX m`[X cX gXjXdfj [lid`\e[f

,AõIMPORTANCIAõDELõSUE¿O Lefj d}j# fkifj d\efj# \j \m`[\ek\ hl\ kf[fj e\Z\j`kXdfj [fid`i% Cf hl\ ef \jk} kXe ZcXif \j gfi hl \jkf \j Xj % <e leX efZ_\ efidXc \og\i`d\ekXdfj Z`Zcfj [\ Z`eZf ]Xj\j hl\ j\ i\g`k\e mXi`Xj m\Z\j p hl\ \e kfkXc [liXe lefj 0' d`elkfj% 8ck\iXi \jk\ i\cfa Y`fc ^`Zf kiX\ Zfej`^f kiXjkfiefj ] j`Zfj p \dfZ`feXc\j [\ dlZ_X kiXjZ\e[\eZ`X% <c \]\Zkf d}j `dgfikXek\ [\ cX ]XckX [\ jl\ f# Zfdf Y`\e jXY\e cfj \jkl[`Xek\j# \j cX jfdefc\eZ`X p \c dXc\jkXi ^\e\iXc% Cfj X[fc\jZ\ek\j e\Z\j`kXe \eki\ / p 0 _fiXj [\ jl\ f# Xlehl\ \e cX gi}Zk`ZX [l\id\e [fj _fiXj d\efj hl\ cfj a m\e\j [\ gi`eZ`g`f [\ j`^cf% D\efj dXc hl\ Xc^lefj cf Zfdg\ejXe Zfe le iXkf [\ j`\jkX \jgX fcX j` ef k`\e\e afieX[X gXik`[X# ZcXif % Fkifj \]\Zkfj [\ cX ]XckX [\ jl\ f jfe leX dXpfi mlce\iXY`c`[X[ X cXj \e]\id\[X[\j# [`jd`elZ` e [\ cX ZfeZ\ekiXZ` e p [\ cX Zi\Xk`m`[X[# gifYc\dXj [\ Zi\Z`d`\ekf%%%

¶Gfi hl # gl\j# e\Z\j`kXdfj [fid`i6 8c d\efj# gfi [fj dfk`mfj% <e gi`d\i cl^Xi# gfihl\ \c jl\ f j\ X[XgkX X el\jkif \Zfj`jk\dX1 ZlXe[f ZX X cX efZ_\ p cX fjZli`[X[ `dg\[ X X el\jkifj Xek\gXjX$ [fj ZXqXi# i\Zf^\i Xc`d\ekfj f \eZfekiXi \c ZXd`ef# cf d\afi hl\ gf[ Xe _XZ\i \iX i\k`iXij\ X cXj Zl\mXj p [fid`i% J\^ e cfj Z`\ek ÔZfj# \jkf j\ \ogc`ZX gfihl\ cfj Xe`dXc\j hl\ k`\e\e

d\efj [\gi\[X[fi\j k`\e[\e X [fid`i d\efj% Cfj \c\]Xek\j p cfj ZXYXccfj cf _XZ\e \eki\ * p + _fiXj [`Xi`Xj# cfj ^fi`cXj ()# cfj ^Xkfj (, p cfj dliZ` cX^fj )'% <e j\^le[f cl^Xi# [fid`i efj Xpl[X X i\Zlg\iXiefj% :feki`Ylp\ X cX i\^\e\iXZ` e [\ cfj k\a`[fj ZfigfiXc\j# jfYi\ kf[f [\ cfj [\c Z\i\Yif% :fe \c jl\ f cX d\ek\ j\ i\gXiX# j\ i\fi^Xe`qX p Zfe$ jfc`[X cfj i\Zl\i$

[fj% 8[\d}j# \c [\jZ\ejf [\ cX k\dg\iXkliX ZfigfiXc hl\ k`\e\ cl^Xi d`\ekiXj [fid`dfj Xpl$ [X X Zfej\imXi \e\i^ X gXiX \c [ X j`^l`\ek\% KXdY` e \j ]le[Xd\ekXc \e \c [\jXiifccf% ;liXek\ \c jl\ f gif]le[f# cX ^c}e[lcX g`kl`kXi`X c`Y\iX cX _fidfeX [\c Zi\Z`d`\ekf% <e ZfeZclj` e# [fid`i Y`\e Zfejk`klp\ leX gXik\ ]le$ [Xd\ekXc \e cX m`[X [\

cfj \jkl[`Xek\j1 jfcf Xj j\ Zfejfc`[X cf Xgi\e[`[f [liXek\ \c [ X% 9\eaXd`e =iXebc`e X e `YX d}j Xcc} ZlXe[f j\ c\ fZl$ ii` XZl Xi \c [`Z_f1 ½Hl`\e gifekf j\ XZl\jkX p gifekf j\ c\mXekX m`m\ jXef# i`Zf p kf[f cf X^lXekX¾

<E 9I<M<

:) ''

Ă&#x201C;Y^W Âľ:;I97DI7I BE IK<?9?;DJ;5 :fek\jkX Zfe M\i[X[\if f =Xcjf cXj j`^l`\ek\j Zl\jk`fe\j1 ( D\ Zl\jkX dlZ_f c\mXekXid\ gfi cX dXÂ&#x152;XeX M&=

C8 D<AFI D<;@:@E8

) E\Z\j`kf le [\jg\ikX[fi gXiX c\mXekXid\ X cX _fiX Zfii\ZkX M&=

J` j\ efj g\id`k`\j\ [fid`i j`e c`d`kXZ`Â?e# cX dXpfiÂ&#x2C6;X [\ cfj _ldXefj [fid`iÂ&#x2C6;Xdfj [\ 0 X (' _fiXj ZX[X [Â&#x2C6;X% KXekXj _fiXj gcXeZ_Xe[f cX fi\aX ef jfcf ef \j g\ial[`Z`Xc# j`ef hl\ efj g\id`k\ c\mXekXiefj d}j ]i\jZfj# [\ d\afi _ldfi p i\e[`i d}j \e \c kiXYXaf hl\ Xhl\ccXj g\ijfeXj hl\ gXjXe jl\Â&#x152;f%

* I\gif^iXdf \c [\jg\ikX[fi gXiX gf[\i [fid`i lefj d`elkfj d}j M&= + ;liXek\ \c [Â&#x2C6;X d\ j`\ekf ZXejX[f# e\im`fjf p [\ dXc _ldfi M&= , D\ Zl\jkX ZfeZ\ekiXid\ p XZfi[Xid\ [\ cXj ZfjXj M&= - :fe ]i\Zl\eZ`X d\ hl\[f [fid`[f [\cXek\ [\ cX k\c\m`j`Â?e M&= . Jfp c\ekf X cX _fiX [\ i\jfcm\i gifYc\dXj f ZlXe[f `ek\ekf j\i Zi\Xk`mf M&= / 8ek\ le [`jZlijf XYlii`[f# jfYi\ kf[f j` \jkfp \e leX _XY`kXZ`Â?e ZXc`\ek\# d\ hl\[f [fid`[f M&= 0 8 cfj Z`eZf d`elkfj [\ d\k\id\ \e cX ZXdX d\ hl\[f ½jfgXž M&= (' <ej\^l`[X d\ \ekiX cX df[fiiX ZlXe[f Zfe[lqZf M&=

<C ;Ă 8 ;<JGLyJ :lXe[f kiXjefZ_Xdfj \c Ă&#x201D;e [\ j\dXeX# p efj c\mXekXdfj kXi[\# el\jkif i\cfa Y`fcÂ?^`Zf j\ [\jXaljkX p \og\i`d\ekX$ dfj \c ccXdX[f `ejfde`f [\c [fd`e^f gfi cX efZ_\ p# Xc [Â&#x2C6;X j`^l`\ek\# cX ki`jk\qX [\c cle\j gfi cX dXÂ&#x152;XeX% <jk\ kiXjkfief cf cc\mXe d\afi cXj g\ijfeXj m\jg\ik`eXj hl\ j\ XZk`mXe j\^Â&#x2019;e j\ XZ\iZX cX efZ_\ hl\ cXj dXklk`eXj hl\ i`e[\e d\$ efj j\^Â&#x2019;e XmXeqX \c [Â&#x2C6;X %

(( Cfj Ă&#x201D;e\j [\ j\dXeX [l\idf d}j _fiXj hl\ [\ cle\j X m`\ie\j M&= () E\Z\j`kf \Z_Xi leX j`\jkX gXiX X^lXekXi \c i\jkf [\c [Â&#x2C6;X M&= (* K\e^f fa\iXj M&= (+ ;\jglÂ&#x201E;j [\ Zfd`[Xj g\jX[Xj d\ hl\[f ^if^l` M&= (, ;\jglÂ&#x201E;j [\ Z\eXi ef d\ [X k`\dgf X `i X _XjkX cX ZXdX1 d\ hl\[f [fid`[f \e \c j`ccÂ?e M&=

I<JLCK8;FJ J` _Xj Zfek\jkX[f M\i[X[\if ZlXkif f d}j m\Z\j# \j d}j hl\ gifYXYc\ hl\ ef [l\idXj cf jlĂ&#x201D;Z`\ek\ f# Xc d\efj# ef Zfe cX ZXc`[X[ Zfe hl\ e\Z\j`kXj _XZ\icf% CX i\Zfd\e[XZ`Â?e [\ cfj \og\ikfj gXiX hl\ [\jZlYiXj kl eÂ&#x2019;d\if [\ _fiXj [\ jl\Â&#x152;f `[\Xc \j cX j`^l`\e$ k\1 ½8ZlÂ&#x201E;jkXk\ (, d`elkfj Xek\j [\ cf efidXc [liXek\ cX giÂ?o`dX j\dXeX# p j`^l\ XÂ&#x152;X[`\e[f (, d`elkfj d}j \e j\dXeXj jlZ\j`mXj# _XjkX hl\ j\Xj ZXgXq [\ c\mXekXik\ j`e e\Z\j`[X[ [\c [\jg\ikX[fi p k\ j`\ekXj [\jg`\ikf p [\jZXejX[f [liXek\ kf[f \c [Â&#x2C6;Xž% AXd\j DXXj# ½CXj m\ekXaXj [\c jl\Â&#x152;f1 gi\gXi\ jl d\ek\ gXiX i\e[`i Xc d}o`dfž %

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:) '(

ÓY^W

DfZ_`cXj [\ gcfdf

-EõDUELEõLAõESPALDA 8 Zl\jkXj Zfe cX dfZ_`cX# [\ ZXjX X ZcXj\# [\ ZcXj\ X ZXjX% Ef \j le al\^f [\ gXcXYiXj j`ef leX i\Xc`[X[1 Xek\j [\ Zldgc`i cfj (- X fj# \c .' [\ cfj X[fc\jZ\ek\j pX jXY\e cf hl\ \j gX[\Z\i le [fcfi [\ \jgXc[X% P dlZ_Xj m\Z\j cX ZlcgX cX k`\e\ cX \oZ\j`mX ZXek`[X[ [\ dXk\i`Xc \jZfcXi hl\ kiXejgfikXe ZX[X [ X [\ le cX[f gXiX fkif# p hl\ j\^ e cfj \og\ikfj ef [\Y\i X jlg\iXi \c (' [\ jl g\jf% G\if cf Z`\ikf \j hl\ lef [\ ZX[X ki\j XZXii\X ZX[X afieX[X \jZfcXi \c \hl`mXc\ek\ Xc *' [\ jl gifg`f g\jf% <j [\Z`i# hl\ j` glj` iXdfj jfYi\ leX Y}jZlcX cX dfZ_`cX [\ le e` f [\ lefj +' b`cfj [\ g\jf# cX X^laX j\ XcXi X Z\iZX [\ ()# ZlXe[f cf i\Zfd\e[XYc\ j\i X ef d}j [\ +%

CX j\^le[X ZXljX [\ gifYc\dXj [fijXc\j# j\^ e cfj \og\ikfj \e \c k\dX# j\ \eZl\ekiX \e \c df$ Y`c`Xi`f \jZfcXi1 cfj glg`ki\j p cXj j`ccXj jfe kf[Xj [\c d`jdf kXdX f# j`e gfj`Yc`[X[ [\ Xalj$ kXij\ X cXj [`jk`ekXj XckliXj p [`]\i\eZ`Xj \e \c [\jXiifccf# cf hl\ gfi \a\dgcf fYc`^X X ]fiqXi cX gfjkliX X cfj d}j Xckfj% :fdf Zfej\Zl\eZ`X# p j\^l`$ dfj Zfe cXj Z`]iXj# d}j [\c ,' [\ cfj e` fj p Z\iZX [\c .' [\ cXj e` Xj Zfe \[X[\j Zfdgi\e[`[Xj \eki\ cfj (* p cfj (, X fj gX[\Z\e [\ cldYXc^`X# j\^ e le \jkl[`f i\Xc`qX[f gfi cX =le[XZ` e BfmXZj% J`e \d$ YXi^f# \e cX dXpfi X [\ cfj ZX$ jfj cfj d [`Zfj ef \eZl\ekiXe Xck\iXZ`fe\j \jkilZkliXc\j ^iX$ m\j \e cX ZfcldeX# p dlZ_Xj m\Z\j cXj iX[`f^iX] Xj \jk}e [\ekif [\ cX efidXc`[X[% <c XY\Z [\ cX gi\m\eZ` e \j j\eZ`ccf# Xlehl\ _Xp hl\ cc\mXicf X cX gi}Zk`$ ZX1 gfjkliXj Zfii\ZkXj Xc j\ekXij\# ]fd\ekXi \c \a\i$ Z`Z`f p \m`kXi X kf[X ZfjkX \c j\[\ekXi`jdf%

;\gfik\j [\ i`\j^f <c \a\iZ`Z`f ] j`Zf \j ]le[Xd\e$ kXc gXiX cX jXcl[ [\ cX \jgXc[X# Xlehl\ cX gi}Zk`ZX `eX[\ZlX[X [\ [\k\id`eX[fj [\gfik\j gl\$ [\ `eZi\d\ekXi _XjkX le ,' \c i`\j^f [\ c\j`fe\j j\i`Xj% CX n\Y nnn%\jgXc[X%fi^# [\$ jXiifccX[X gfi cX =le[XZ` e BfmXZj# f]i\Z\ leX `e]fidX$ Z` e `ek\i\jXek\ jfYi\ ZX[X [\gfik\# jlj i`\j^fj# _}Y`kfj [\ _`^`\e\ gfjkliXc p \a\iZ`$ Z`fj \jg\Z ÔZfj gXiX \m`kXi cX jfYi\ZXi^X%

<E 9I<M< ¡;F:KFI# D< ;L<C< <c [fcfi [\ \jgXc[X \j cX j\^le$ [X ZXljX [\ m`j`kX Xc dÂ&#x201E;[`Zf [\ e`Â&#x152;fj p X[fc\jZ\ek\j \e <jgXÂ&#x152;X# gfi [\ki}j [\ cfj i\j$ ]i`X[fj# p \c gi`d\i ]XZkfi [\ `eZXgXZ`[X[ cXYfiXc X gXik`i [\ cfj +, XÂ&#x152;fj% FZ_f [\ ZX[X [`\q g\ijfeXj cf gX[\Z\e X cf cXi^f [\ jl m`[X p j\ ZXcZlcX hl\ cX d`kX[ [\ cfj ZXjfj j\ [\Y\ X dXcXj gfjkliXj Xgi\e[`[Xj \e cfj gi`d\ifj XÂ&#x152;fj [\ m`[X1 j\ekXij\ dXc \e ZcXj\# jfgfikXi [\dXj`X[f g\jf f k`iXij\ \e \c jf]} [\ ZlXchl`\i dXe\iX ]Xmf$ i\Z\ \jkX [fc\eZ`X%

:) '(

Ă&#x201C;Y^W

DE I;7I KD 8KHH?JE :; 97H=7 8 cX _fiX [\ ZfdgiXi leX dfZ_`cX# ef [\Y\j Ă&#x201D;aXik\ jfcf \e jlj Zfcfi\j e` \e jl dXiZX# e` j`hl`\iX \e j` _X jXc`[f f ef XeleZ`X[X \e cX k\c\m`j`Â?e1 d}j mXc\ hl\ c\j gi\jk\j Xk\eZ`Â?e X fkiXj ZXiXZk\iÂ&#x2C6;jk`ZXj# j` hl`\i\j \m`kXi gifYc\dXj [\ \jZfc`fj`j [\jm`XZ`Â?e [\ cX ZfcldeX \e ]fidX [\ J p Z`]fj`j d}j ZfefZ`[X Zfdf Z_\gX %

8 C8 ?FI8 ;<%%% Cc\mXi cX dfZ_`cX X cX \jgXc[X

8JĂ EF

8JĂ JĂ

Â&#x203A; EleZX [\Y\j Zfc^XicX [\ le jfcf cX[f Â&#x203A; Cfj k`iXek\j [\Y\e k\e\i lefj ZlXkif e` ZXi^XicX \e \oZ\jf%

Zd [\ XeZ_f# Zfdf dÂ&#x2C6;e`df%

Â&#x203A; <j Zfem\e`\ek\ hl\ j\ gl\[X jla\kXi kXdY`Â&#x201E;e gfi cX Z`ekliX%

Â&#x203A; <c i\jgXc[f XZfcZ_X[f# Zfe Z`\ikf \jg\jfi p Ă&#x201D;id\qX%

Â&#x203A; MXZÂ&#x2C6;X ef [\Y\ g\jXi d}j [\ d\[`f b`cf%

Â&#x203A; I\gXik\ cX ZXi^X1 gfe cf d}j g\jX[f p mfcld`efjf cf d}j Z\iZX gfj`Yc\ [\ cX \jgXc[X%

Â&#x203A; Ef [\Y\j cc\mXicX \e cX qfeX YXaX# cldYXi% 8aljkX cfj k`iXek\j _XjkX hl\ hl\[\ \e cX qfeX d\[`X f XckX%

8iiXjkiXi leX dfZ_`cX Â&#x203A; J` \c XjX \j [\dXj`X[f ZfikX k\e[i}j Â&#x203A; CXj il\[Xj [\Y\e ^`iXi Y`\e% hl\ ]fiqXi cX \jgXc[X% Zfe il\[Xj Â&#x203A; <c XjX [\Y\ j\i \ok\ej`Yc\ gXiX hl\ ef e\Z\j`k\j `eZc`eXik\%

Â&#x203A; Ef cX c\mXek\j X cf Yilkf gfi cXj \jZXc\iXj%

J\ekXik\ \e ZcXj\

Â&#x203A; J` \Z_Xj _XZ`X Xki}j cX j`ccX f [\jc`qXj Â&#x203A; CX XckliX [\ cX d\jX [\Y\ j\i gifgfi$ le g`\ gfi [\YXaf [\c kiXj\if# cX \jgXc[X k\ hl\[Xi} _\Z_X le /%

Â&#x203A; Cfj g`\j eleZX [\Y\e hl\[Xi Zfc^Xe$ [f \e \c X`i\% CXj if[`ccXj kXdgfZf gl\[\e hl\[Xi c\mXekX[Xj%

C\mXekXi g\jfj

Â&#x203A; Ef [fYc\j cX \jgXc[X e` ]l\iZ\j _fdYifj# Zl\ccf e` \jgXc[X%

Z`feXc X cX [\ cX j`ccX# [\ df[f hl\ gl\[Xj XgfpXi cfj g`\j \e \c jl\cf j`e hl\ k\ Zl\c^l\e p dXek\e\i cX \jgXc[X i\ZkX \e \c i\jgXc[f%

Â&#x203A; =c\o`feX cXj if[`ccXj# XZÂ&#x201E;iZXk\ \c g\jf cf d}j gfj`Yc\ p [\aX hl\ \c \j]l\iqf cf _X^Xe cXj g`\ieXj%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:) ')

ÓY^W

GifYc\dXj [\ m`j` e p ]iXZXjf \jZfcXi

_-UCHOõOJO õ J` ef c\\j Zfe ZcXi`[X[ cXj gXcXYiXj [\ \jk\ Xik Zlcf# j` g\iZ`Y\j cfj Zfekfiefj [\ cXj c\kiXj Yfiifjfj# j` gXigX[\Xj \e \oZ\jf f k`\e\j hl\ \ekfieXi cfj fafj gXiX m\icf kf[f d}j ZcXif# pX gl\[\j `i ZfeZ\ikXe[f leX Z`kX Zfe kl fZlc`jkX1 \j gfj`Yc\ hl\ e\Z\j`k\j ljXi ^X]Xj f# \e \c ZXjf [\ hl\ pX cXj lj\j# gl\[\ hl\ kl ^iX[lXZ` e _XpX ZXdY`X[f% ;\ _\Z_f# cX gi}Zk`ZX \[lZXk`mX [\dl\jkiX hl\ \e dlZ_Xj fZXj`fe\j leXj j`dgc\j ^X]Xj gl\[\e i\jfcm\i j`klXZ`fe\j [\ ]iXZXjf \jZfcXi%

Gfi \jkX iXq e cfj \jg\Z`Xc`jkXj \e cX dXk\i`X i\Zfd`\e[Xe X cfj \jkl[`Xek\j hl\ j`^Xe leX j\i`\ [\ efidXj [\ _`^`\e\ m`jlXc# hl\ jfe \jkXj1

`e]lj` e [\ dXeqXe`ccX% J` X g\jXi [\ _XZ\i kf[f \jkf ef Zfej`^l\j [\jZXejXi cX m`jkX# cf d\afi \j hl\ [\a\j cX c\ZkliX gXiX fkif iXkf%

=Xk`^X fZlcXi

@cld`eXZ` e

` CX ]Xk`^X fZlcXi XgXi\Z\

` CX `cld`eXZ` e hl\ lk`c`Z\j

ZlXe[f cc\mXj dlZ_f k`\dgf c\p\e[f# gfi cf hl\ kl i\e[`$ d`\ekf Zfd`\eqX X [`jd`el`i% GXiX ZfdYXk`icX gl\[\j _XZ\i cf j`^l`\ek\1 d`iXi fYa\kfj hl\ \jk e X [`jk`ekXj [`jkXe$ Z`Xj2 d`iXi gfi cX m\ekXeX X le glekf c\aXef2 gXigX[\Xi Zfe ]i\Zl\eZ`X [liXek\ lefj `ejkXek\j2 dfaXik\ cfj fafj Zfe X^lX ]i\jZX f Zfe leX

\e kl k`\dgf [\ \jkl[`f \j dlp `dgfikXek\% <j gi\]\i`Yc\ hl\ j\X clq eXkliXc p hl\ k\e^X cX `ek\ej`[X[ jlÔZ`\ek\% J` [`j$ gfe\j [\ clq Xik`ÔZ`Xc# hl\ j\X `e[`i\ZkX p fgXZX% Cf `[\Xc \j hl\ \eki\ gfi \c cX[f ZfekiXi`f [\ cX dXef Zfe cX hl\ \jZi`Y\j% KXdY` e \j Yl\ef hl\ \m`k\j i\Õ\afj p jfdYiXj jfYi\ \c k\okf hl\ c\\j%

LjX le Xki`c ` GXiX ]XZ`c`kXi cX c\ZkliX cX gXi$

k\ jlg\i`fi [\c k\okf [\Y\ \jkXi \e leX gfj`Z` e d}j XckX hl\ cX `e]\i`fi% GXiX Zfej\^l`icf gl\[\j lk`c`qXi le Xki`c f lefj c`Yifj% Ef [\Y\j XZ\iZXik\ \e \oZ\jf e` kXdgfZf dXek\e\i [\dXj`X[X [`jkXeZ`X1 \eki\ ), p *, Z\ek d\kifj gl\[\ \jkXi Y`\e%

GfjkliX ` CX gfjkliX [\c Zl\igf \j

`dgfikXek\ gXiX cX ZfeZ\e$ kiXZ` e p# gfi jlgl\jkf# gXiX \m`kXi [fcfi\j [\ \jgXc[X% ;\Y\j \jkXi Z df[f# Zfe cX ZfcldeX i\ZkX p cX ZXY\qX j`e

`eZc`eXi1 i\Zl\i[X hl\ gXiX \jf j\ lk`c`qX \c Xki`c% P d\afi j\ekX[f hl\ kldYX[f%

K`gf [\ c\kiX ` <c k`gf [\ c\kiX p [\ gXg\c1

Xlehl\ \j Z`\ikf hl\ gfZXj m\Z\j j\ gl\[\ \jZf^\i# k\e \e Zl\ekX hl\ cX c\kiX [\Y\ j\i e k`[X p [\ kXdX f d\[`Xef% CXj c\kiXj e\^iXj jfYi\ gXg\c YcXeZf jfe cXj hl\ d\afi ZXgkX \c faf _ldXef%

<E 9I<M< DĂ?J M8C< GI<M<E@I Cfj kiXjkfiefj d}j ]i\Zl\ek\j \eki\ cfj d}j aÂ?m\e\j jfe cX d`fgÂ&#x2C6;X# \c Xjk`^dXk`jdf p \c \jkiXY`jdf# d}j ZfefZ`[f Zfdf faf mX^f% CX [\k\ZZ`Â?e k\dgiXeX [\ \jkfj kiXjkfiefj \j ]le[Xd\ekXc gXiX \m`kXi gif$ Yc\dXj d}j j\i`fj \e \c ]lklif# pX hl\ \j leX `dgfikXek\ ZXljX [\ ]iXZXjf \jZfcXi%

K8E :<I:8# K8E C<AFJ CX m`j`Â?e [\c faf _X `[f \mf$ clZ`feX[f Zfe cfj ZXdY`fj [\c \jk`cf [\ m`[X1 Xek\j cf d}j `dgfikXek\ \iX k\e\i leX Yl\eX m`j`Â?e [\ c\afj gXiX ZXqXi# gXiX cX ^l\iiXÂż % <e cXj Â&#x2019;ck`dXj [Â&#x201E;ZX[Xj \c faf j\ _X `[f XZfjkldYiXe[f X kiXYXaXi \e cXj [`jkXeZ`Xj ZfikXj# Zfdf \j \c ZXjf# gfi \a\dgcf# [\c fi[\eX[fi%

:) ')

Ă&#x201C;Y^W ÂľL;I 8?;D B7 F?P7HH75

<c /' [\ cf hl\ Xgi\e[\dfj efj \ekiX gfi cfj fafj% Gfi \jf# k\e`\e[f \e Zl\ekX hl\ jfcf ZfekXdfj Zfe [fj gXiX kf[X cX m`[X# ef \jk} [\ d}j Zl`[Xicfj le gfZf% Cfj \og\ikfj i\Zl\i[Xe cX `dgfikXeZ`X [\ cXj i\m`j`fe\j [\ cX m`jkX X cf cXi^f [\ kf[X cX m`[X g\if \e \jg\Z`Xc \e cX Â&#x201E;gfZX \jZfcXi% <jkXj jfe jlj i\Zfd\e[XZ`fe\j1

! '$, 8zFJ1 \c [\jXiifccf [\c e`Â&#x152;f [\g\e[\ \e Yl\eX gXik\ [\c [\jXiifccf [\ jl m`j`Â?e# gfi cf hl\ [\Y\ ZfekifcXij\ [\j[\ jl eXZ`d`\ekf%

! ,$- 8zFJ1 \j \c dfd\ekf \e hl\ Zfd`\eqX cX \jZfcXi`[X[ fYc`^Xkfi`X# gfi cf hl\ j\ i\Zfd`\e[X le \oXd\e \e gif]le[`[X[ hl\ [\jZXik\ ZlXchl`\i gifYc\dX [\ m`j`Â?e% <jkXj jfe Xc^leXj j\Â&#x152;Xc\j [\ Xc\ikX1

Â&#x203A; Ef c\ ^ljkX c\\i% Â&#x203A; 8c c\\i j\ jXckX gXcXYiXj f c\\ [fj m\Z\j cX d`jdX cÂ&#x2C6;e\X% Â&#x203A; =ileZ\ cfj fafj f _XZ\ dl\ZXj Â&#x203A; :fe]le[\ c\kiXj1 gfi \a\dgcf cX ½Xž Zfe cX ½\ž# cX ½lž Zfe cX ½ež¿ Â&#x203A; <jZi`Y\ Zfe cX ZXiX g\^X[X Xc gXg\c% Â&#x203A; J\ hl\aX [\ [fcfi\j [\ ZXY\qX# e}lj\Xj# dXi\fjÂż Â&#x203A; K`\e\ cfj fafj ccfifjfj f cfj g}igX[fj \eifa\Z`[fj Â&#x203A; :`\iiX f kXgX le faf [\ m\q \e ZlXe[fÂż ! -$)* 8zFJ1 kXekf \e cX Â&#x201E;gfZX \jZfcXi Zfdf \e cX le`m\ij`kXi`X cfj fafj jfgfikXe le `ek\ejf \j]l\iqf# gfi cf hl\ Zfem`\e\ _XZ\i Zfekifc\j XelXc\j% ! J` Ă&#x201D;eXc`qX[X cX Xek\i`fi \kXgX ef j\ _Xe [\k\ZkX[f [`Ă&#x201D;ZlckX[\j j\ gl\[\e \jgXZ`Xi cXj m`j`kXj Xc fZlc`j$ kX ZX[X [fj XÂ&#x152;fj%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:) '*

ÓY^W

8[`ZZ` e X @ek\ie\k

.OõS·õVIVIRõSINõELLAõ ¶K`\e\j d}j Xd`^fj m`iklXc\j hl\ [\ ZXie\ p _l\jf6 ¶K\ j`\ek\j d}j Z df[f Xc Zfdle`ZXik\ gfi @ek\ie\k hl\ Xc _XZ\icf \e g\ijfeX6 J` X[\d}j [\ \jf k\ gXjXj leXj Z`eZf _fiXj [`Xi`Xj \e \c Z`Y\i\jgXZ`f \j dlp gifYXYc\ hl\ jl]iXj cX \e]\id\[X[ ccXdX[X gXkfc ^`Zf [\ @ek\ie\k# hl\ k`\e\ leX \mfclZ` e j`d`cXi X cX [\ fkiXj X[`ZZ`fe\j1 cf hl\ gi`d\if \dg`\qX j`\e[f le ½_fYYp¾ j\ Zfem`\ik\ \e cX XZk`m`[X[ d}j `dgfikXek\ \e cX m`[X [\ leX g\ijfeX% P \j hl\ cfj X[`Zkfj X @ek\ie\k jfe Xhl\ccfj hl\ lk`c`qXe cX gXekXccX [\ jl fi[\eX[fi gXiX \jZXgXi [\ jlj gifYc\dXj g\ijfeXc\j p d\afiXi jl \jkX[f [\ }e`df# pX hl\ X m\Z\j \eZlYi\ j`klXZ`fe\j [\ jfc\[X[# [\gi\j` e f gifYc\dXj [\ Zfdle`ZXZ` e% 8gc`ZX[f X cfj d}j a m\e\j# \c g\iÔc [\c ljlXi`f X[`Zkf \j \c [\ le mXi e [\ \eki\ (/ p *' X fj [\ e`m\c ZlckliXc d\[`f hl\ [`jgfe\ [\ k`\dgf c`Yi\# Z`\ikfj ZfefZ`d`\ekfj [\ `e$ ]fid}k`ZX \ `e^c j p hl\ m`m\ \e leX ^iXe Z`l[X[% 8c `^lXc hl\ \e fkif k`gf [\ X[`ZZ`fe\j# Xhl kXdY` e j\ [X \c ]\e d\ef [\ cX kfc\iXeZ`X \c X[`Zkf e\Z\j`kX \jkXi ZX[X m\q d}j k`\dgf \e cX I\[ gXiX \og\i`d\ekXi \c d`jdf ^iX[f [\ jXk`j]XZZ` e \ `eZcljf j\ _XYcX [\ j e[ifd\ [\ XYjk`e\eZ`X g\ejXd`\ekfj fYj\j`mfj XZ\iZX [\ cf hl\ \j$ kXi} gXjXe[f \e @ek\ie\k# Xe$ j`\[X[# X^`kXZ` e % FkiXj Zfej\$ Zl\eZ`Xj e\^Xk`mXj \e cX jXcl[ ] j`ZX p gj hl`ZX [\ cX g\ijfeX jfe1 ]XckX [\ jl\ f# ]Xk`^X# `d$ gXZ`\eZ`X gfi ef \eZfekiXi cf hl\ j\ YljZX f Xej`\[X[ gfi cX c\ek`kl[ [\ cXj Zfe\o`fe\j# Xck\iXZ`fe\j [\c _ldfi p X`j$ cXd`\ekf jfZ`Xc% <e i\jld\e# @ek\ie\k \j leX dX^e ÔZX _\iiXd`\ekX [\ cX hl\ ef Zfem`\e\ XYljXi# Xle$ hl\ cX k\e[\eZ`X \jk} Xc XcqX% ;\ _\Z_f# cX j`klXZ` e _X cc\$ ^X[f kXe c\afj hl\ \e cX I\[ pX j\ gl\[\ \eZfekiXi j`k`fj fe c`e\ gXiX j\^l`i leX k\iXg`X Z`Y\i\jgXZ`Xc% ;\j[\ cl\^f ef

[\aX [\ k\e\i jl ^iXZ`X `ek\ekXi ZliXi leX X[`ZZ` e X @ek\ie\k¿ ·Zfe le Z`Y\igj`hl`XkiX

:`Y\i\[lZXi <e \c ZXjf [\ cfj e` fj# cfj gX[i\j k`\e\e le gXg\c ]le$ [Xd\ekXc% J\ c\j [\Y\ \ej\ Xi X XlkfZfekifcXij\# X lk`c`qXi \c fi[\eX[fi Zfe lefj fYa\k`mfj ZfeZi\kfj# X dXe\aXi cX `e$ ]fidXZ` e p X ef [\aXi hl\ cX Zfdle`ZXZ` e

`ek\ig\ijfeXc j\X jljk`kl`[X gfi cX gXekXccX% Ef mXc\ [\$ Z`i ½\c e` f \jk} kiXehl`cf \e jl _XY`kXZ` e# al^Xe[f Xc fi[\eX[fi¾2 j\ kiXkX [\ jXY\i X hl al\^X f Zfe hl` e j\ Zf$ dle`ZX p Zl}ekf k`\dgf cc\mX _XZ` e[fcf%

<E 9I<M< ÂśG<IF HLy ?8:<E6 <c ./ eXm\^X f lk`c`qX jl Zfii\f \c\ZkiÂ?e`Zf# \c -) kXdY`Â&#x201E;e al\^X# \c ,. [`jZlk\ p \c )' ZfdgiX f _XZ\ kiXe$ jXZZ`fe\j Ă&#x201D;eXeZ`\iXj% P leX Yl\eX gXik\ [\ \ccfj j\ Zfe\ZkX X g}^`eXj \iÂ?k`ZXj% CXj \jkX[Â&#x2C6;j$ k`ZXj kXdY`Â&#x201E;e `e[`ZXe hl\ \c +' [\ cfj X[`Zkfj X @ek\ie\k \jk} Zfe]fidX[f gfi gif]\jf$ i\j# g\i`f[`jkXj# \dgc\X[fj [\ YXeZX p j\Zi\kXi`Xj%

:) '*

Ă&#x201C;Y^W 9EDJH7 B7 7F7JĂ&#x;7

( ÂśG`\ejXj hl\ jfcf j\i}e lefj d`elkfj p Xc Ă&#x201D;eXc eXm\^Xj [liXek\ mXi`Xj _fiXj6 ) ÂśD`iXj j` k`\e\j Zfii\f \c\ZkiÂ?e`Zf Xek\j [\ [\jXpleXi6 * Âś;l\id\j d\efj _fiXj [\j[\ hl\ eXm\^Xj gfi \c Z`Y\i\jgXZ`f6 + Âś?Xj g\i[`[f Xc^leX ZcXj\# leX Z`kX f _Xj Ă&#x201D;e^`[f \jkXi \e]\idf gXiX gf[\i j\^l`i Zfe\ZkX[f6 , ÂśGi\Ă&#x201D;\i\j \jkXi Zfe\ZkX[f X @ek\ie\k Xek\j hl\ jXc`i Zfe klj Xd`^fj6 - ÂśJ\ \e]X[Xe klj gX[i\j ZlXe[f cc\^X cX ]XZkliX [\c k\cÂ&#x201E;]fef gfi j\i \c [fYc\ [\ cf hl\ j\ \jg\iXYX6 . ÂśK\ fcm`[Xj [\ jXZXi [\ gXj\f Xc g\iif f [\ hl\ \j cX _fiX [\ Z\eXi6 / ÂśK\ [X cX `dgi\j`Â?e [\ hl\ cX ^\ek\ hl\ ZfefZ\j \e cX I\[ \j d}j `ek\i\jXek\ hl\ klj Zfc\^Xj [\

j`\dgi\6 0 ÂśJXY\j [`m\ik`ik\ le Ă&#x201D;e [\ j\dXeX j`e \eZ\e[\i \c fi[\eX[fi6 (' Âś;\[`ZXj d\efj _fiXj X \jkl[`Xi [\j[\ hl\ ZfefZ\j @ek\ie\k6 (( ÂśG`\ejXj hl\ Xc [Â&#x2C6;X c\ ]XckXe _fiXj gXiX g\i[\ij\ eXm\^Xe[f6 () Âś?XZ\j [fYc\ Zc`Z Xc dXe`glcXi \c dXe[f X [`jkXeZ`X [\ cX k\c\m`j`Â?e6

I<JLCK8;F

Â&#x203A; <eki\ ) p + i\jgl\jkXj XĂ&#x201D;idXk`mXj1 ef k\ gi\fZlg\j% Cf klpf \j le ½_fYYpž# p gfi cf d\efj [\ dfd\ekf @ek\ie\k \jk} X kl j\im`Z`f# hl\ \j [\ cf hl\ j\ kiXkX%

Â&#x203A; <eki\ , p / i\jgl\jkXj XĂ&#x201D;idXk`mXj1 ¡Lp# \jk}j Xc cÂ&#x2C6;d`k\ [\ cf hl\ j\ Zfej`[\iX gi\fZlgXek\ Ef [\$

a\j hl\ kl XĂ&#x201D;Z`Â?e gfi \c Z`Y\i\jgXZ`f `emX[X kf[Xj cXj }i\Xj [\ kl m`[X% ;\ kf[Xj ]fidXj# jfe dlZ_fj cfj `ek\ieXlkXj hl\# leX m\q gXjX[X cX \l]fi`X [\c gi`eZ`g`f# efidXc`qXe \c ljf [\ @ek\ie\k%

Â&#x203A; 0 f d}j gi\^lekXj XĂ&#x201D;idXk`mXj1 ¡Cf klpf \j le XYljf :fe kf[X j\^li`[X[ kl X[`ZZ`Â?e X cX I\[ \jk}

X]\ZkXe[f X klj \jkl[`fj# i\cXZ`fe\j g\ijfeXc\j p _XjkX kl jXcl[ d\ekXc% @ek\ekX [`jd`el`i \c eÂ&#x2019;d\if [\ _fiXj hl\ \jk}j j\ekX[f Xek\ \c fi[\eX[fi p jfYi\ kf[f ef [\a\j hl\ k\ gifmfhl\ Xej`\[X[% CXj d}hl`eXj \jk}e Xc j\im`Z`f [\c _fdYi\# ef Xc i\mÂ&#x201E;j gfi dlp c`jkXj hl\ j\Xe %

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

<?9>7

:* %DUCACIĂ&#x20AC;NĂľ ENĂľVALORES CX \[lZXZ`Â?e \e mXcfi\j \j `dgi\jZ`e[`Yc\ X cX _fiX [\ ZfdYXk`i j`klXZ`fe\j kXe `ealjkXj p cXd\ekXYc\j Zfdf cXj hl\ i\gi\j\ekXe cX m`fc\eZ`X ZfekiX cXj dla\i\j f# \e \c }dY`kf \jZfcXi# cX m`fc\eZ`X \eki\ `^lXc\j% <e cX XZklXc`[X[# cX dXpfiÂ&#x2C6;X [\ cfj Z\ekifj \[lZXk`mfj `eZclp\e \e jlj gif^iXdXZ`fe\j XZk`m`[X[\j i\cXZ`feX[Xj Zfe \jkfj k\dXj \[lZXZ`Â?e gXiX cX `^lXc[X[# \[lZXZ`Â?e gXiX cX Zfem`m\eZ`X# \[lZXZ`Â?e gXiX \c ZfejldfÂż %

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:* '

ÓY^W

<c glekf [\ m`jkX [\ cfj X[fc\jZ\ek\j

/PINANõELLOS ¶:l}c \j \c k\dX hl\ d}j gi\fZlgX X cfj X[fc\jZ\ek\j6 Gl\j ef# ef \j cX Xd`jkX[ p cXj i\cXZ`fe\j Zfe \c fkif j\of# Xjlekf hl\ hl\[X i\c\^X[f X le j\^le[f gl\jkf# ZfekiX kf[f gife jk`Zf% Cf hl\ d}j `ehl`\kX X el\jkifj a m\e\j jfe cXj jXc`[Xj cXYfiXc\j Zfe cXj hl\ j\ mXe X \eZfekiXi leX m\q hl\ XZXY\e jlj \jkl[`fj% 8c d\efj Xj cf ZfeÔidX cX `em\jk`^XZ` e i\Xc`qX[X gfi ÝcmXif DXiZ_\j`# ZlXe[f \iX [`i\Zkfi [\c @ejk`klkf [\ <mXclXZ` e p 8j\jfiXd`\ekf @;<8 jfYi\ ZXj` ,%''' Xcldefj [\ \eki\ () p (/ X fj%

KXdY` e _Xp fkifj ZlXkif k\dXj _XZ`X cfj hl\ dl\jkiXe YXjkXek\ `ek\i j1 jfe \c k\iif$ i`jdf# \c ]lklif# cXj [`ÔZlckX[\j ]Xd`c`Xi\j p cX \[lZXZ` e% J`e \dYXi^f# gi\jkXe d\efi Xk\e$ Z` e _XZ`X cX `ed`^iXZ` e# cfj gifYc\dXj d\[`fXdY`\ekXc\j p \c gXif%

dlp [\ [\i\Z_Xj p ZXj` \c 0 dlp [\ `qhl`\i[Xj% 8hl j\ fYj\imX Z`\ikX [`]\i\eZ`X \eki\ cfj \jkl[`Xek\j [\ Zfc\^`fj g $ Yc`Zfj# Zfe k\e[\eZ`Xj d}j [\ `qhl`\i[X# hl\ cfj [\ Zfc\^`fj gi`mX[fj p ZfeZ\ikX[fj%

le (* hl\ g`\ejX hl\ ef [\$ Y\i X g\id`k`ij\ jl \ekiX[X% :li`fjXd\ek\# cXj XZk`kl[\j o\e ]fYXj jfe dXpfi\j \eki\ cfj \jkl[`Xek\j Zfe dXcfj i\$ jlckX[fj \jZfcXi\j% ` @ek\iZlckliXc`[X[1 Xc +' c\

` I\c`^` e1 Xlehl\ \c /' [`Z\

Fkifj [\ cfj [Xkfj fYk\e`[fj gfi \c \jkl[`f jfe \jkfj1

j\i Zi\p\ek\# jfcf \c (, j\ [\$ ZcXiX giXZk`ZXek\# Z`]iX hl\ mX [`jd`elp\e[f Zfe cX \[X[%

` Gfc k`ZX1 \c ,* j\ [\ZcXiX

` @ed`^iXZ` e1 d}j [\c -' [\

[\ Z\ekif# \c (, [`Z\ j\i [\ [\i\Z_Xj p gfZf d}j [\c (+ j\ j`k X \e cX `qhl`\i[X% PX \e cfj \oki\dfj# le 0 j\ [\ZcXiX

cfj \eZl\jkX[fj mXcfiX Zfdf gfj`k`mX cX XZf^`[X [\ `ed`$ ^iXek\j# Xlehl\ Zi\\e hl\ [\Y\ \o`jk`i le Zfekifc% ?Xp

gXi\Z\i X Y`\e hl\ _lY`\iX \jkl[`Xek\j [\ [`jk`ekXj Zlc$ kliXj \e jl ZcXj\% Fkif +' i\ZfefZ\ hl\ \j aljkf hl\ cfj _XpX# Xlehl\ ef c\j ^ljkXi X% ` :\ekif \[lZXk`mf1 d}j [\c

-( Zfej`[\iX hl\ jl `ejk`kl$ kf f Zfc\^`f cfj gi\gXiX Y`\e# gfiZ\ekXa\ hl\ Xld\ekX _XjkX

\c .) \e \c ZXjf [\ cfj Z\ekifj gi`mX[fj% ` =lklif cXYfiXc1 :Xj` j`\k\ [\

ZX[X [`\q Xcldefj j\ j`\ek\ ZXgXq [\ i\Xc`qXi cfj \jkl[`fj hl\ j\ gifgfe^X% P cX d`kX[ [\ cfj \eZl\jkX[fj Zi\\e hl\ cfj a m\e\j k`\e\e ZX[X m\q d}j gfj`Y`c`[X[\j gif]\j`feXc\j p cXYfiXc\j%

<E 9I<M< 8DFI C@9I< FZ_f [\ ZX[X [`\q Xcldefj ef \ek`\e[\e hl\ \c j\of [\YX \o`jk`i jfcf \e \c dXki`dfe`f p fg`eXe hl\ cXj i\cXZ`fe\j [\Y\e j\i c`Yi\j j` cXj g\ijf$ eXj j\ hl`\i\e% 8[\d}j# ZXj` le ,' j\ dl\jkiX \e [\jX$ Zl\i[f Zfe cX `[\X [\ hl\ cXj gXi\aXj _\k\ifj\olXc\j [\YXe k\e\i d}j m\ekXaXj Xek\ cX c\p hl\ cXj _fdfj\olXc\j# ]i\ek\ X le (- hl\ jÂ&#x2C6; XgfpX \jkX XĂ&#x201D;idXZ`Â?e%

:* '

Ă&#x201C;Y^W ;B 87HĂŁC;JHE :; L7BEH;I

:fe \c fYa\k`mf [\ hl\ cfj d}j aÂ?m\e\j Xgi\e[Xe X \ogi\jXi jlj gifg`Xj fg`e`fe\j# j`e d`\[f X _XYcXi \e gÂ&#x2019;Yc`Zf# j\ gl\[\ gfe\i \e gi}Zk`ZX \jkX j\eZ`ccX [`e}d`ZX [\ ^ilgfj J\d`eXi`f >Xc\^f [\ <[lZXZ`Â?e gXiX X GXq# (00- 1

F9A<K@MF1 Zfej\^l`i hl\ kf[fj cfj gXik`Z`gXek\j j\ gifeleZ`\e jfYi\ leX gifgfj`Z`Â?e hl\ Zfek`\e\ le al`Z`f [\ mXcfi% <jf jÂ&#x2C6;# ef mXc\ hl\[Xij\ \e leX XZk`kl[ e\lkiX# _Xp hl\ dfaXij\%

GIF:<;@D@<EKF1 \c Xe`dX[fi klkfi# gif]\jfi%%% jl\ckX leX XĂ&#x201D;idXZ`Â?e le kXekf gfcÂ&#x201E;d`ZX [\c k`gf1 ½;\Y\dfj [\aXi \ekiXi X kf[fj cfj `ed`^iXek\j hl\ cf [\j\\ež%

<JG8:@F ;< AL<>F1 \j Zfdf le ZXdgf [\ k\e`j# Zfe leX cÂ&#x2C6;e\X \e d\[`f% J` \jk}j kfkXcd\ek\ [\ XZl\i$ [f# k\ ZfcfZXj Xc ]fe[f X cX [\i\Z_X2 kfkXcd\ek\ \e [\jXZl\i[f# Xc ]fe[f X cX `qhl`\i[X% <eki\ cX cÂ&#x2C6;e\X [`m`jfi`X p \c ]fe[f j\ mXe j`klXe[f cXj g\ijfeXj hl\ \jk}e d}j f d\efj [\ XZl\i[f f [\jXZl\i[f% 8jÂ&#x2C6;# cXj g\ijfeXj d}j Z\iZXeXj X cX i\[ jfe cXj d\efj iX[`ZXc\j%

;<98K<1 j\^Â&#x2019;e mXe `ek\im`e`\e[f cfj al^X[fi\j cf `[\Xc \j hl\ Xi^ld\ek\e kf[fj # \c i\jkf gl\[\ `i df[`Ă&#x201D;ZXe[f jl gfj`Z`Â?e \e \c \jgXZ`f# `eZcljf ZXdY`Xij\ [\ YXe[f% LeX m\q hl\ cX `[\X _X j`[f [\YXk`[X cf jlĂ&#x201D;Z`\ek\# j\ jXc\ [\c ZXdgf p j\ Zfd`\eqX Zfe fkiX gifgl\jkX%

=8D@C@8 P <J:L<C8 8lehl\ \c /, [\ cfj X[fc\j$ Z\ek\j i\ZfefZ\ hl\ jl ]Xd`c`X \j hl`\e d}j `eĂ&#x2022;lp\ \e jlj mXcfi\j# \jk\ gfiZ\ekXa\ j\ i\$ [lZ\ Xc .. \e cfj Xcldefj hl\ jXZXe dXcXj efkXj p j\ \c\mX Xc 0' \e cfj Yl\efj \jkl[`Xek\j% J` cX ]Xd`c`X p cX \jZl\cX jfe cXj [fj `ejk`klZ`fe\j \e hl\ d}j Zi\\e# cfj gXik`[fj gfcÂ&#x2C6;k`Zfj# \c GXicXd\ekf p cX @^c\j`X jfe cXj hl\ d\efj ZfeĂ&#x201D;XeqX c\j `ejg`iXe%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:* (

ÓY^W

: df gfe\i ]i\ef Xc Zfejldf [\jZfekifcX[f

.ECESITOõCOMPRARLOõ_YA @ejXk`j]XZZ` e g\ijfeXc# d`ccfe\j [\ XeleZ`fj glYc`Z`kXi`fj XYjfiY`[fj [\j[\ cX ZleX# XYlii`d`\ekf# dlZ_fj \lifj \e \c Yfcj`ccf p eX[X d\afi hl _XZ\i jfe Xc^leXj [\ cXj iXqfe\j hl\ Zfem`\ik\e X e` fj p X[fc\jZ\ek\j \e cXj m Zk`dXj `[\Xc\j [\ leX jfZ`\[X[ [\ Zfejldf hl\ Zl\ekX Zfe \ccfj gXiX [`jgXiXi jlj Y\e\ÔZ`fj% CX ] idlcX hl\ [\j[\ cX glYc`Z`[X[ j\ \em X \j j\eZ`ccX g\if \]\Zk`mX1 ]\c`Z`[X[ \j `^lXc X Zfejldf% <e m jg\iX [\ cXj mXZXZ`fe\j [\ EXm`[X[# leX gfZX gfk\eZ`Xcd\ek\ g\c`^ifjX gXiX kf[f k`gf [\ \oZ\jfj# Zfem`\e\ [`jk`e^l`i \eki\ le Zfejld`[fi i\jgfejXYc\ p fkif Zfdglcj`mf%

?Xp ki\j ZXiXZk\i jk`ZXj hl\ j`im\e gXiX ZXc`ÔZXi leX X[`Z$ Z` e1 cX kfc\iXeZ`X# hl\ \j cX e\Z\j`[X[ [\ Zfejld`i ZX[X m\q d}j gXiX cf^iXi cX d`jdX \dfZ` e2 \c j e[ifd\ [\ XYj$ k`e\eZ`X# hl\ \j leX j\ejXZ` e `ek\ejX [\ dXc\jkXi ZlXe[f ef j\ gl\[\ jXk`j]XZ\i cX X[`ZZ` e2 p cX g i[`[X [\ Zfekifc# hl\ \j cX `eZXgXZ`[X[ gXiX ]i\eXi cfj `dglcjfj% Gl\j Y`\e# \c ZfdgiX[fi gXkfc ^`Zf \j Xhl\c hl\ e\Z\j`kX Zfejld`i ZfejkXek\d\ek\ gXiX j\ek`ij\ X ^ljkf p ef \j ZXgXq [\ Zfe$ kifcXi jlj ^Xjkfj Xlehl\ c\ ^ljkXi X _XZ\icf%

)% 8 d\el[f d\ [fp Zl\ekX

8 g\jXi [\ \jkX [\Ôe`Z` e# ¶ef \jk}j j\^lif [\ j` \i\j le X[`Z$ kf X cXj ZfdgiXj6 Gl\j i\jgfe$ [\ X cXj j`^l`\ek\j gi\^lekXj# p \eZ`\e[\ leX j\ Xc [\ XcXidX gfi ZX[X \eleZ`X[f Zfe \c hl\ k\ `[\ek`Ôhl\j1

-% I\ZfefqZf hl\ X m\Z\j [\j$ ZlYif \e d` XidXi`f gi\e[Xj l fYa\kfj hl\ ef i\Zfi[XYX hl\ k\e X%

[\ hl\ Zfdgif ZfjXj hl\ ef e\Z\j`kf%

jfYi\ cXj ZfjXj hl\ \jk}e [\ df[X%

0% Ef jXYi X hl _XZ\i *% <e d` XidXi`f jl\cf k\e\i

d}j [\ leX gi\e[X j`e \jki\eXi f ZXj` el\mX%

leX dX XeX f leX kXi[\ [\ j}YX[f j`e ^XjkXi [`e\if%

('% <e d` k`\dgf c`Yi\# d` +% D\ ^ljkX m\jk`i ifgX [\ dXiZX# p \j cX e`ZX hl\ d\ Zfdgif X g\jXi [\ hl\ jlgfe\ gXiX d f gXiX d` ]Xd`c`X le ^iXe \j]l\iqf \Zfe d`Zf%

XZk`m`[X[ ]Xmfi`kX \j `i X le Z\ekif Zfd\iZ`Xc% J` k\ _Xj hl\[X[f le gfZf jfigi\e[`[f Zfe klj gifg`Xj i\jgl\jkXj# gil\YX X gfe\i \e gi}Zk`ZX \jkXj `[\Xj1

hl\ Zi\\j hl\ e\Z\j`kXj [\ m\i[X[ ZfdgiXi%

c\j [\ cX jfZ`\[X[ [\ Zfejldf [`i`^`[Xj X ZXgkXi kl Xk\eZ` e1 df[\cfj kXe g\i]\Zkfj Zfdf `ii\Xc\j# [\jZl\ekfj# f]\ikXj# gifdfZ`fe\j%%% p g`\ejX hl\ k ef \i\j kXe ]}Z`c [\ \e^X Xi%

` <m`kX _XZ\i ^Xjkfj Zfe cX

` J` [l[Xj [\ cX lk`c`[X[ [\

Xc^f# d\afi [ aXcf \e jl j`k`f% J` i\Xcd\ek\ cf e\Z\j`kXj gl\[\j mfcm\i X gfi \ccf%

kX# d\ cf Zfdgif \e \c dfd\e$ kf# ef jfp ZXgXq [\ \jg\iXi%

kXia\kX [\ Zi [`kf# j` \j hl\ [`jgfe\j [\ \ccX% KXdgfZf XZ\gk\j gi jkXdfj [\ klj Xd`$ ^fj ZlXe[f pX k\ _XpXj ^XjkX[f kf[f \c gi\jlgl\jkf hl\ k\e Xj gi\m`jkf gXiX \j\ [ X%

/% LeX [\ d`j Zfem\ijXZ`fe\j

` = aXk\ \e kf[fj cfj \e^X fj

]Xmfi`kXj Zfe cfj Xd`^fj \j

[\ cX glYc`Z`[X[ p \e cXj j\ X$

,% 8 m\Z\j d\ [X cX `dgi\j` e [\ hl\ _\ g\i[`[f [`e\if pX hl\ d\ Zl\jkX i\Zfi[Xi \e hl d\ cf _\ ^XjkX[f%

.% :lXe[f m\f Xc^f hl\ d\ ^lj$

` ?Xq leX c`jkX [\ cXj ZfjXj

(% :lXe[f d\ j`\ekf ki`jk\ f [\gi\ cf hl\ d}j d\ Xg\k\Z\ \j `i [\ ZfdgiXj%

` P# \e ^\e\iXc# j` ek\k\ Y`\e

ZlXe[f m\Xj hl\ k\ mXj [\ le Z\ekif Zfd\iZ`Xc j`e _XY\i ZfdgiX[f eX[X% G`\ejX Zl}ekXj ZfjXj _Xp hl\ ef e\Z\j`kXj%%%

<E 9I<M< 8GI<E;<I 8 :FEJLD@I CX glYc`Z`[X[ jlYc`d`eXc# cfj [\i\Z_fj [\c Zfejld`[fi# cX gifk\ZZ`Â?e [\c d\[`f XdY`\ek\ p \c Zfejldf jfjk\e`Yc\ jfe Xc^lefj [\ cfj ZfeZ\gkfj hl\ i\Zf^\ cX 8^\e[X <jZfcXi hl\ cX :fd`j`Â?e <lifg\X p cX ]le$ [XZ`Â?e >\e\iXk`fe <lifg\ [`jki`Ylp\ ZX[X XÂ&#x152;f \eki\ \c XcldeX[f [\ *%² p +%² [\ <JF% <jkX glYc`ZXZ`Â?e# alekf X cX >lÂ&#x2C6;X [\c Gif]\jfi# j\ gifgfe\ Zfdf dXk\i`Xc [\ Xgfpf gXiX kiXYXaXi \e \c XlcX `e]fidXZ`Â?e# XZk`m`[X[\j p gifgl\jkXj jfYi\ k\dXj [\ Zfejldf%

:* (

Ă&#x201C;Y^W

:EI 9?J7I F7H7 9H;7H :;87J; K<OKF (1 ½<c k\dX [\c d\iZX[f k`\e\ leX i\cXZ`Â?e dlp \jki\Z_X Zfe \c [\k\i`fif [\c d\[`f XdY`\ek\% CX ZfekXd`eXZ`Â?e ef jfcf `e]\jkX \c X`i\# cfj iÂ&#x2C6;fj p cfj Yfjhl\j# j`ef kXdY`Â&#x201E;e X cXj XcdXj% LeX jfZ`\[X[ gfj\Â&#x2C6;[X [\c ]i\e\jÂ&#x2C6; [\ gif[lZ`i d}j gXiX Zfejld`i d}j k`\e[\ X Zfem\ik`i cXj `[\Xj# cfj j\ek`d`\ekfj# \c Xik\# \c Xdfi# cX Xd`jkX[ p X cXj g\ijfeXj d`jdXj \e fYa\kfj [\ Zfejldf% Kf[f j\ ml\cm\ ZfjX hl\ j\ ZfdgiX# j\ ljX p j\ k`iX Xc YXjli\if% E`e^leX jfZ`\[X[ _XYÂ&#x2C6;X gif[lZ`[f kXekfj [\j\Z_fj Zfdf cX el\jkiX% ;\j\Z_fj dXk\i`Xc\j p dfiXc\j%ž FZkXm`f GXq%

K<OKF )1 ½LeX ^iXe gifgfiZ`Â?e [\ _fdYi\j p dla\i\j [\ cfj gXÂ&#x2C6;j\j i`Zfj gXi\Z\e _XY\i ZXdY`X[f cX \jg\Z`\ ½?fdf jXg`\ejž \e ½?fdf Zfejld\ejž% ;\j[\ cX `e]XeZ`X j\ efj m`\e\ df[\cXe[f Zfdf Zfejld`[fi\j X kiXmÂ&#x201E;j [\ leX glYc`Z`[X[ hl\ \j pX Zfdf \c X`i\ hl\ i\jg`iXdfj# Zi\Xe[f p aljk`Ă&#x201D;ZXe[f e\Z\j`[X[\j ZX[X m\q dXpfi\j% Cf jlg\iĂ&#x2022;lf j\ kfieX Zfem\e`\ek\# cf Zfem\e`\ek\ j\ _XZ\ e\Z\jXi`f# cf e\Z\jXi`f j\ Zfem`\ik\ \e `e[`jg\ejXYc\% 8jÂ&#x2C6; j\ Zi\X cX jfZ`\[X[ [\ Zfejldf# Zfe mXcfi\j# XZk`kl[\j p c\p\j gifg`Xj%ž G\[if 8iilg\%

:lXkif gi\^lekXj gXiX i\jgfe[\i p [\YXk`i1

Â&#x203A; Âś<jk}j [\ XZl\i[f Zfe \c Zfek\e`[f [\ \jkfj [fj k\okfj6 Â&#x203A; Âś:i\\j hl\ jfe leXj gfjkliXj [\dXj`X[f \oX^\iX[Xj6 Â&#x203A; Âś:i\\j hl\ \j gfj`Yc\ m`m`i Xc dXi^\e [\ cX jfZ`\[X[ [\ Zfejldf6 Â&#x203A; Âś<e hlÂ&#x201E; d\[`[X gl\[\j j\i le Zfejld`[fi i\jgfejXYc\6

8><E;8J GIĂ?:K@:8J CXj X^\e[Xj# hl\ j\ [`jki`Ylp\e \e cfj ). gXÂ&#x2C6;j\j [\ cX Le`Â?e <lifg\X# gl\[\e jfc`Z`kXij\ \e cX g}^`eX n\Y _kkg&& nnn%^\e\iXk`fe$\lifg\%fi^% Jl\c\e cc\^Xi X cfj Z\ekifj \e cfj d\j\j [\ dXpf p ale`f Zfe cX `[\X [\ gf[\i [`jki`Yl`icXj \e \c d\j [\ j\gk`\dYi\% <jk\ i\Zlijf# ^iXkl`kf gXiX \c Xcld$ eX[f [\c j\^le[f Z`Zcf [\ <JF# gl\[\ i\jlckXi `ek\i\jXek\ p gi}Zk`Zf gXiX cXj j\j`fe\j [\ KlkfiÂ&#x2C6;X f `eZcljf gXiX [\jX$ iifccXi Xc^lefj XgXikX[f [\ cX Xj`^eXkliX <[lZXZ`Â?e gXiX cX :`l[X[XeÂ&#x2C6;X%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:* )

ÓY^W

CX \dfZ` e d}j \jZlii`[`qX

%NõBUSCAõDEõLAõFELICIDAD ½: df Zfej\^l`i# Zfej\imXi p i\Zlg\iXi cX ]\c`Z`[X[ _X j`[f cX dfk`mXZ` e j\Zi\kX [\ kf[f cf hl\ _Xe _\Z_f kf[fj cfj j\i\j _ldXefj \e kf[fj cfj k`\dgfj¾# fYj\im N`cc`Xd AXd\j _XZ\ d}j [\ Z`\e X fj% ?fp \e [ X# cXj `em\jk`^XZ`fe\j j\ `ek\i\jXe ZX[X m\q d}j gfi \jkX \dfZ` e [\Ôe`[X \e k id`efj [\ jXk`j]XZZ` e ^\e\iXc Zfe cX m`[X% 8 df[f [\ j ek\j`j [\ cfj \jkl[`fj XZklXc\j# \ogfe\dfj ki\j gi`eZ`g`fj hl\ jl^`\i\e hl\ cX ]\c`Z`[X[ \j i\cXk`mX%

CX ]\c`Z`[X[ k`\e[\ X \hl`c`YiXij\ CXj g\ijfeXj Zfe ^iXm\j [`jZX$ gXZ`[X[\j j`\ek\e le Y`\e\jkXi jlYa\k`mf j`d`cXi Xc hl\ k`\e\e fkiXj g\ijfeXj hl\ ef gX[\Z\e e`e^ e k`gf [\ c`d`kXZ` e% <e \c fkif \oki\df# kXdY` e \c \]\Zkf [\ cfj XZfek\Z`d`\ekfj dlp gfj`k`mfj \j gXjXa\if1 cfj \em`[`X[fj ^XeX[fi\j [\ cfk\i X# gXjX[f le k`\dgf# Xj\^liXe hl\ jl ]\c`Z`[X[ f jXk`j]XZZ` e ^\e\iXc Zfe cX m`[X ef _X ZXdY`X[f%

CX ]\c`Z`[X[ [\g\e[\ [\ el\jkiX \og\i`\eZ`X Xek\i`fi J` el\jkifj `e^i\jfj# efkXj XZX[ d`ZXj f gi\jk`^`f jfZ`Xc Xld\ekXe# j\ek`i\dfj gcXZ\i% :lXe[f efj X[Xgk\dfj X \jk\ el\mf e`m\c [\ cf^ifj cf Zfe$ j`[\iXi\dfj Zfdf efidXc# p e\Z\j`kXi\dfj fkiX ]l\ek\ [\ ]\c`Z`[X[ hl\ jlYX \c c`jk e [\ el\mf% J\ gl\[\ [\Z`i hl\ \c claf [\c gXjX[f j\ Zfem`\ik\ \e cX e\Z\j`[X[ [\c gi\j\ek\% <jk\ d`jdf gi`eZ`g`f \ogc`ZX gfi hl Xc^lefj e` fj e\Z\j`kXe fkif al\^f [\ E`ek\e[f f hl`$ q} fkiX 9XiY`\ gXiX i\Zlg\iXi cX ]\c`Z`[X[ g\i[`[X%

El\jkiX ]\c`Z`[X[ \j i\cXk`mX X cX [\ cfj [\d}j CX ]\c`Z`[X[ ef jfcf [\g\e[\ [\ el\jkiX \og\i`\eZ`X Xek\i`fi# j`ef kXdY` e [\ cXj ZfdgXiXZ`fe\j hl\ _XZ\dfj Zfe cfj [\d}j1 jfdfj i`Zfj f gfYi\j j\^ e k\e^Xe cfj hl\ efj if[\Xe# Xc `^lXc hl\ jf$ dfj `ek\c`^\ek\j f }^`c\j jfcf ZlXe[f cfj [\d}j jfe c\ekfj f kfig\j% <e i\jld\e# ZfdgXiXiefj Zfe cfj hl\ \jk}e \e leX j`klXZ` e d\afi efj gif[lZ\ \em`$ [`X# d`\ekiXj hl\ ZfdgX$ iXiefj Zfe cfj hl\ \jk}e g\fi hl\ efjfkifj Xld\ekX el\jkiX jXk`j]XZZ` e% <e [\Ôe`k`mX# ¶j\ gl\[\ [\Z`i hl\ \c [`e\if [X cX ]\c`Z`[X[6 CX i\jgl\jkX \j hl\ ef# Xlehl\ eX[`\ [`jZlk\ hl\ Zfdf[`[X[ p j\^li`[X[ j hl\ j\ Zfej`^l\%

<E 9I<M< 8C>LE8J G@JK8J CXj `em\jk`^XZ`fe\j _Xe [\j$ ZlY`\ikf hl\ cXj g\ijfeXj ]\c`Z\j j\ ZXiXZk\i`qXe gfi j\i fgk`d`jkXj# k\e\i Xd`^fj# ZfekXi Zfe leX gXi\aX hl\ c\j jXk`j]XZ\# le kiXYXaf# k`\dgf c`Yi\ p [fid`i Y`\e% J`e \d$ YXi^f# \jk\ j\ek`d`\ekf [\ Y`\e\jkXi Zfe lef d`jdf ef k`\e\ eX[X hl\ m\i Zfe cX \[X[# iXqX# j\of# e`m\c [\ \[lZXZ`Â?e# XkiXZk`mf ]Â&#x2C6;j`Zf f Zfe \c _\Z_f [\ k\e\i _`afj f ef%

:FEJL<CF ;< GF9I<J

:* )

Ă&#x201C;Y^W

;B 7HJ; :; 7C7H=7HI; B7 L?:7 GXlc NXkqcXn`Zb# jfZ`Â?cf^f p Ă&#x201D;cÂ?jf]f XljkiÂ&#x2C6;XZf m`eZlcX[f X cX <jZl\cX [\ GXcf 8ckf# ]l\ lef [\ cfj gi`eZ`gXc\j Xlkfi\j [\ cX k\fiÂ&#x2C6;X [\ cX Zfdle`ZXZ`Â?e _ldXeX p [\c ZfejkilZk`m`jdf% <e jl ]Xdfjf c`Yif k`klcX[f ½<c Xik\ [\ XdXi^Xij\ cX m`[Xž# f]i\Z\ leX j\i`\ [\ i\Z\kXj \e kfef `iÂ?e`Zf ½gXiX Zfem\ik`i cf Zfk`[`Xef \e `ejfgfikXYc\ p cf ki`m`Xc \e [\jd\jliX[fž% <j [\Z`i# ]XZ`c`kX `ejkilZZ`fe\j gXiX cc\mXi leX m`[X XYjfclkXd\ek\ `e]\c`q p [\j^iXZ`X[X% <jkX g\hl\Â&#x152;X fYiX# hl\ j\ gl\[\ c\\i d\[`f \e j\i`f d\[`f \e YifdX# i\Zf^\ XeÂ&#x201E;Z[fkXj# Z_`jk\j p d\k}]fiXj X kiXmÂ&#x201E;j [\ cXj hl\ \c Xlkfi `ek\ekX gcXjdXi cf g\c`^ifjXj hl\ jfe [\k\id`eX[Xj XZk`kl[\j gifg`Xj [\c j\i _ldXef% Gfi \a\dgcf# cX ccXdX[X ½XlkfZldgc`d`\ekf [\ cX gif]\ZÂ&#x2C6;Xž# hl\ \j cX hl\ dl\jkiX cX _`jkfi`X [\c dXik`ccf% Le _fdYi\ hl`\i\ Zfc^Xi le ZlX[if% <c ZcXmf pX cf k`\e\# g\if c\ ]XckX \c dXik`ccf% <c m\Z`ef k`\e\ lef% 8jÂ&#x2C6; gl\j# [\Z`[\ g\[`i Xc m\Z`ef hl\ c\ gi\jk\ \c dXik`ccf% G\if c\ XjXckX leX [l[X1 ½œP j` ef hl`\i\ gi\j$ k}id\cf6 8_fiX i\Zl\i[f hl\ Xp\i d\ jXcl[Â? Zfe [\j^XeX% 8 cf d\afi k\eÂ&#x2C6;X gi`jX% F hl`q} cX gi`jX ef \iX d}j hl\ le gi\k\okf# p \e i\Xc`[X[ k`\e\ Xc^f ZfekiX dÂ&#x2C6;% ÂśHlÂ&#x201E; gl\[\ j\i6 Pf ef c\ _\ _\Z_f eX[X# Xlehl\ Xc^f j\ c\ _XYi} d\k`[f \e cX ZXY\qX% J` Xc^l`\e d\ g`[`\j\ gi\jkX[X leX _\iiXd`\ekX# pf j\ cX [\aXiÂ&#x2C6;X \ej\^l`[X% ÂśGfi hlÂ&#x201E; ef gf[iÂ&#x2C6;X _XZ\icf Â&#x201E;c kXdY`Â&#x201E;e6 Âś:Â?df gl\[\ lef e\^Xij\ X _XZ\ic\ le ]Xmfi kXe j\eZ`ccf X fkif6 K`gfj Zfdf \jk\ c\ XdXi^Xe X lef cX m`[X% P X cf d\afi j\ `dX^`eX hl\ [\g\e[f [\ Â&#x201E;c% Jfcf gfihl\ k`\e\ le dXik`ccf% <jf pX \j \c Zfcdf%ž 8jÂ&#x2C6; hl\ jXc\ [`jgXiX[f X ZXjX [\c m\Z`ef# ccXdX Xc k`dYi\ p# Xek\j [\ hl\ k\e^X k`\dgf [\ [Xic\ cfj Yl\$ efj [Â&#x2C6;Xj# el\jkif _fdYi\ c\ ^i`kX ]li`fjf1 ½¡DÂ&#x201E;kXj\ \c dXik`ccf [fe[\ c\ hl\gX# `dYÂ&#x201E;Z`c ž NXkqcXn`Zb# (0-* %

CXj g\ijfeXj hl\ k`\e\e dlZ_f [`e\if ef jfe d}j ]\c`Z\j hl\ cXj hl\ k`\e\e jfcf cf jlĂ&#x201D;Z`\ek\ gXiX gf[\ij\ gX^Xi cXj e\Z\j`$ [X[\j [\ cX m`[X% 8c d\efj \jkX \j cX ZfeZclj`Â?e X cX hl\ cc\^Xe cXj XZklXc\j `em\jk`^XZ`fe\j# hl\ cXeqXe leX YfdYX ZfekiX \c dXk\i`Xc`jdf df[\ief1 \c Zi\Z`d`\ekf \ZfeÂ?d`Zf \e jÂ&#x2C6; d`jdf ef j`^e`Ă&#x201D;ZX dXpfi Y`\e\jkXi jfZ`Xc%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:* *

ÓY^W

DXckiXkf \eki\ `^lXc\j (

,OõQUEõPUEDENõHACERõLOSõPADRES ½·8gXikX ¾ \j cX k g`ZX \ogi\j` e ^ifj\iX hl\ ef k`\e\ gfi hl gXjXi [\ X_ p hl\ \j d}j Zfd e [\ cf hl\ hl`j` iXdfj \e cfj gXk`fj [\ cfj Zfc\^`fj% G\if j` hl`\e cX [`Z\ gi\k\e[\ X^i\[`i X Xc^l`\e \e `e]\i`fi`[X[ [\ Zfe[`Z`fe\j# hl\ ef gifmfZ cX j`klXZ` e# p ef \j cX gi`d\iX e` cX j\^le[X m\q hl\ j\ cf _XZ\# \ekfeZ\j \jkXdfj Xek\ leX j`klXZ` e [\ dXckiXkf \eki\ `^lXc\j% <j [\Z`i# \o`jk\ XZfjf \jZfcXi ZlXe[f le Xcldef# f le ^ilgf [\ Xcldefj# XkXZXe p dfc\jkXe X fkif ZfdgX \if hl\ ef gl\[\ f ef jXY\ [\]\e[\ij\# leX p fkiX m\q# Zfe `ek\eZ` e [\ _XZ\ic\ [X f f d\k\ic\ d`\[f% <jkX j`klXZ` e \j [`]\i\ek\ [\ leX g\c\X f [`jZlj` e \jgfi}[`ZX# [\ cfj \dglafe\j f gXkX[Xj hl\ j\ gif[lZ\e _XY`klXcd\ek\ \e cXj j`klXZ`fe\j [\ al\^f p [\ cfj \g`jf[`fj \e cfj hl\ j\ c\ kfdX \c g\cf X Xc^l`\e \e le Zfek\okf [\ YifdX%

Cfj ZXjfj [\ dXckiXkf gl\$ [\e jlgfe\i m`fc\eZ`X ] j`ZX gXkX[Xj# X^i\j`fe\j # m\iYXc `ejlckfj# YlicXj f jfZ`Xc# hl\ jfe cXj XZZ`fe\j \eZXd`eX[Xj X ]fd\ekXi j\ek`d`\ekfj [\ `ej\^li`[X[ p k\dfi% Gfi \a\dgcf1 [\aXi X cX m Zk`dX jfcX \e \c gXk`f# _XZ\i ^ilgfj \e cX ZcXj\ j`e ZfekXi Zfe \jX g\ijfeX f `dg\[`i jl gXik`Z`$ gXZ` e \e cXj XZk`m`[X[\j Zfk`$ [`XeXj Zfdf kiXYXafj [\ ^ilgf# gXik`[fj [\ ] kYfc f al\^fj% Cfj gX[i\j k`\e\e le gXg\c [\$ Z`j`mf \e cX gi\m\eZ` e [\ \jkXj Zfe[lZkXj [\ XYljf# pX hl\ cX ]Xd`c`X f]i\Z\ cfj gi`d\ifj df[\cfj [\ ZfdgfikXd`\ekf jfZ`Xc% 8j gl\j# cfj gX[i\j gl\[\e%%% ` F]i\Z\ic\j df[\cfj gfj`k`mfj

` 8pl[Xic\j X _XZ\i ]i\ek\

` <ej\ Xic\j g\hl\ Xj \jkiXk\$

[\ i\jfclZ` e [\ ZfeÕ`Zkfj# j`e m`fc\eZ`X# p dXek\e\i i\$ cXZ`fe\j ]Xd`c`Xi\j hl\ j`imXe [\ \a\dgcf%

X cfj gifYc\dXj# \e ZXjf [\ hl\ Xc^l`\e cfj dfc\jk\# [\$ jXZfej\aXe[f j`\dgi\ \c ½faf gfi faf¾%

` ?XYcXi ZX[X [ X Zfe \ccfj# p

` =fd\ekXi XZk`m`[X[\j [\

^`Xj [\ [\]\ejX1 `i Zfe \c ^il$ gf p ef hl\[Xij\ jfcf# jXY\i [\Z`i ef Zfe Ôid\qX# _l`i [\ cfj j`k`fj [\ g\c`^if f gi\m\e`i gfj`Yc\j `ek`d`[XZ`fe\j f gi\$ j`fe\j j`\e[f Xj\ik`mfj%

[Xic\j fZXj` e [\ ZfekXi jlj \og\i`\eZ`Xj Zfe cfj ZfdgX$ \ifj# i\jg\kXe[f j`\dgi\ jl `ek`d`[X[%

k`\dgf c`Yi\1 cX `ek`d`[XZ` e j\ ]Xmfi\Z\ ZlXe[f e` fj f X[fc\jZ\ek\j \jk}e alekfj p j`e eX[X hl\ _XZ\i%

:* *

Ă&#x201C;Y^W

:?;P ?:;7I <7BI7I IE8H; ;B 79EIE

<E 9I<M< 8EK< LE 8:FJ8;F

8EK< LE 8:FJ8;FI

J` jfjg\Z_}`j hl\ ml\jkif _`af gX[\Z\ leX j`klXZ`Â?e [\ dXc$ kiXkf# \jZlZ_X[c\# ZfeĂ&#x201D;idX[ cf hl\ fj [`Z\ p XZklX[1

J\ [\k\Zk}`j \e ml\jkif _`af f _`aX leX XZk`kl[ dXckiXkX$ [fiX f [\jgÂ?k`ZX Zfe Xc^l`\e# [\YÂ&#x201E;`jÂż

` ;X[c\ kf[f \c Xgfpf p

` DfjkiXic\ ml\jkiX i\glcjX

ZfeĂ&#x201D;XeqX gXiX hl\ fj Zl\ek\ [Â?e[\ j\ gif[laf \c dXckiXkf# hl`Â&#x201E;e \jklmf `dgc`ZX[f p ZÂ?df ]l\%

_XZ`X jl ZfdgfikXd`\ekf p g\[`ic\ hl\ j\ gfe^X \e \c cl^Xi [\ cX mÂ&#x2C6;Zk`dX% ` F]i\Z\ic\ ml\jkif Xgfpf p

` GcXe`Ă&#x201D;ZX[ \jkiXk\^`Xj1 Xpl$

[X[c\ X \jhl`mXi \c ZfekXZkf Zfe cXj g\ijfeXj X^i\jfiXj# YljZXi gifk\ZZ`Â?e \e \c ZÂ&#x2C6;iZlcf [\ Xd`jkX[\j p \m`kXi cfj cl$ ^Xi\j \e cfj hl\ j\ gif[lZ\ \c XZfjf%

ZfeĂ&#x201D;XeqX gXiX jXc`i [\ \jX j`klXZ`Â?e% ` ?XZ\ic\ m\i hl\ cX m`fc\eZ`X

eleZX \j cX ]fidX X[\ZlX[X [\ i\jfcm\i cfj ZfeĂ&#x2022;`Zkfj% ` Jfc`Z`kXic\ hl\ ifdgX jlj

` <m`kX[ hl\ XZkÂ&#x2019;\ [\ ]fidX

Xii`\j^X[X f m`fc\ekX% ` Ef g\id`k}`j hl\ g`\ej\ hl\

k\eÂ&#x201E;`j d`\[f f hl\ gi\]\iÂ&#x2C6;j ZXccXi# \jkf gl\[\ X^iXmXi cX j`klXZ`Â?e% ` @e]fidX[ X jl klkfi p Xc

[\gXikXd\ekf [\ fi`\ekXZ`Â?e [\c Z\ekif gXiX hl\ j\ c\ _X^X ]i\ek\ [\j[\ [\ekif [\ ]fidX Zffi[`eX[X% Le ZfekXZkf \jki\Z_f p Zfek`elX[f Zfe \c Z\ekif \jZfcXi# jfc`Z`kXe[f hl\ j\ dXek\e^X \c Xefe`dXkf \e cXj XZklXZ`fe\j hl\ j`^Xe# \j cX d\afi dXe\iX [\ XkXaXi \c gifYc\dX%

mÂ&#x2C6;eZlcfj Zfe Xhl\ccXj g\ijf$ eXj hl\ gXik`Z`gXe \e j`klX$ Z`fe\j [\ dXckiXkf Zfe cfj j\d\aXek\j% ` DXek\e\i le ZfekXZkf \j$

ki\Z_f Zfe \c Z\ekif \jZfcXi# cf hl\ Xpl[Xi} X ZfekifcXi cX j`klXZ`Â?e p X [Xic\ cX `dgfi$ kXeZ`X hl\ k`\e\%

( Jfcf jfe YifdXj# \j d\afi ef d\k\ij\

Ef \j Z`\ikf% 8 m\Z\j \j [`]Â&#x2C6;Z`c [`jk`e^l`i \eki\ leX YifdX p leX j`klXZ`Â?e [\ XYljf# g\if ZlXe[f cX mÂ&#x2C6;Zk`dX \dg`\qX X XjljkXi$ j\ pX ef \j leX [`m\ij`Â?e% ) CX mÂ&#x2C6;Zk`dX cf YljZX# cf d\i\Z\%

EX[`\ d\i\Z\ j\i mÂ&#x2C6;Zk`dX [\ dXckiXkf# j\X ZlXc j\X jl Zfe[lZ$ kX% <j leX dXcX \oZljX gXiX aljk`Ă&#x201D;ZXi cX X^i\j`Â?e% * <c dXckiXkf ]fidX gXik\ [\c Zi\Z`d`\ekf [\c e`Â&#x152;f \ `dgi`d\

ZXi}Zk\i% LeX ZfjX \j Xgi\e[\i X X]ifekXi cXj X[m\ij`[X[\j p fkiX dlp [`jk`ekX j\i fYa\kf [\ XYljfj% CXj mÂ&#x2C6;Zk`dXj j\ Zfem`\ik\e \e g\ijfeXj [\jZfeĂ&#x201D;X[Xj# Xej`fjXj p X`jcX[Xj% + CX d\afi dXe\iX [\ [\]\e[\ij\ \j [\mfcm`\e[f cXj X^i\j`f$

e\j% Ef \j Z`\ikf% CX i\XZZ`Â?e m`fc\ekX [\ cX mÂ&#x2C6;Zk`dX \dg\fiX cX j`klXZ`Â?e# pX hl\ c\ j`im\ Xc X^i\jfi Zfdf \oZljX g\i]\ZkX gXiX i\Xc`qXi el\mfj XZkfj m`fc\ekfj% , <c dXckiXkf \j ZfjX [\ e`Â&#x152;fj%

LeX ZfjX \j \c al\^f# \e \c hl\ jli^\e cfj ZfeĂ&#x2022;`Zkfj `ek\ig\i$ jfeXc\j# p fkiX dlp [`jk`ekX cXj Zfe[lZkXj m`fc\ekXj% G\id`k`i$ cXj \e cX `e]XeZ`X jlgfe\ ]fidXi X[lckfj `eZXgXZ\j [\ i\jg\kXi cXj efidXj jfZ`Xc\j% - CXj mÂ&#x2C6;Zk`dXj j`\dgi\ gifm`\e\e [\ XdY`\ek\j dXi^`eXc\j%

Ef \j m\i[X[% <jk} [\dfjkiX[f hl\ \c XZfjf j\ [X \e kf[fj cfj e`m\c\j jfZ`f\ZfeÂ?d`Zfj p \e cfj Z\ekifj \[lZXk`mfj gÂ&#x2019;Yc`Zfj p gi`mX[fj% . Cfj XZfjX[fj jfe g\ijfeXj \e[\Yc\j# [Â&#x201E;Y`c\j%

Ef% CX mÂ&#x2C6;Zk`dX gl\[\ j\i ZlXchl`\iX# Xlehl\ jl\c\e j\i g\ijf$ eXj gXZÂ&#x2C6;Ă&#x201D;ZXj p kiXehl`cXj% / Jfcf cX mÂ&#x2C6;Zk`dX gi\Z`jX Xpl[X%

Ef \j Z`\ikf% Gi\Z`jXe Xpl[X cX mÂ&#x2C6;Zk`dX p cfj X^i\jfi\j# Xlehl\ [\ dXe\iX [`]\i\ek\% KXekf lefj Zfdf fkifj [\Y\e \eZfekiXi Xck\ieXk`mXj X jl ZfdgfikXd`\ekf% 0 D` _`af ef \j mÂ&#x2C6;Zk`dX e` X^i\jfi# ef d\ [\Yf gi\fZlgXi%

Cfj k\jk`^fj [\ cXj j`klXZ`fe\j [\ XZfjf \jk}e `dgc`ZX[fj dfiXcd\ek\ \e cX j`klXZ`Â?e [\ XYljf% CX c\p [\c j`c\eZ`f Zfeki`$ Ylp\ X hl\ \jfj _\Z_fj j\ j`^Xe gif[lZ`\e[f% (' J` d` _`af cf [\eleZ`X j\i} le Z_`mXkf%

;\eleZ`Xi leX j`klXZ`Â?e [\ dXckiXkf ef \j j\i le Z_`mXkf% ?Xp hl\ \ej\Â&#x152;Xi X cfj _`afj X j\i jfc`[Xi`fj# X gfe\ij\ \e cX g`\c [\c dXckiXkX[f p X ZfikXi cX j`klXZ`Â?e ZfekXe[f cfj _\Z_fj Xc gif]\$ jfiX[f% ;\ _\Z_f# Xpl[Xi X gXiXi leX j`klXZ`Â?e [\ `ealjk`Z`X \j le XZkf [\ mXc\ekÂ&#x2C6;X% 5 G8I8 J89<I DĂ?J

Gif^iXdX [\ j\ej`Y`c`qXZ`Â?e jfYi\ f dXckiXkf \eki\ `^lX`j# :fej\cc\iÂ&#x2C6;X [\ <[lZXZ`Â?e \ Fi[\eXZ`Â?e Le`m\ij`kXi`X# OlekX [\ >Xc`Z`X%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:* +

ÓY^W

DXckiXkf \eki\ `^lXc\j )

,OõQUEõPUEDENõHACERõLOSõIMPLICADOS ;`] Z`c [\ [\k\ZkXi p Zfdgc`ZX[X [\ [\dfjkiXi% 8j \j cX m`fc\eZ`X \eki\ `^lXc\j# hl\ Xlehl\ X m\Z\j \jZXgX X cfj fafj [\ cfj X[lckfj \j ZXgXq [\ XdXi^Xi cfj X fj \jZfcXi\j [\ cX m Zk`dX p [\ Zfe[`Z`feXi jl \hl`c`Yi`f gj`Zfc ^`Zf# ZlXe[f ef cc\^X X Xk\ekXi ZfekiX jl `ek\^i`[X[ ] j`ZX%

J\ej`Y`c`qXi# `e]fidXi p f]i\$ Z\i \jkiXk\^`Xj \j ]le[Xd\ekXc gXiX XkXaXi \jkXj j`klXZ`fe\j [\ XYljf \e cXj hl\ cfj k\jk`^fj [\ \jk\ k`gf [\ m`fc\eZ`X k`\e\e le gXg\c [\Z`j`mf% 8j \j hl\ m Zk`dXj# \jg\ZkX[fi\j \ `e$ Zcljf XZfjX[fi\j [\Y\e jXY\i Z df jXc`i [\ leX j`klXZ` e \e cX hl\ [`i\ZkX f `e[`i\Z$ kXd\ek\ \jk}e `dgc`ZX[fj% GXiX \dg\qXi# \j ]le[Xd\ekXc [`jk`e^l`i \c dXckiXkf \eki\ `^lXc\j [\ fkiXj j`klXZ`fe\j [\ ZfeÕ`Zkf d}j _XY`klXc\j%

DXckiXkf \j1 ` :lXe[f le Xcldef f Xcld$

eX j\ d\k\ X d\el[f Zfe le ZfdgX \if `ejlck}e[fcf# gf$ e` e[fc\ Xgf[fj# Ylic}e[fj\ f i` e[fj\ [\ c% ` :lXe[f le ^ilgf [\ Z_XmX$

c\j c\j [`Z\ X cfj [\d}j hl\ ef _XYc\e Zfe ]lcXef f Zfe d\e^Xef%

Z\ekif \jZfcXi X Xc^l`\e gXiX XYljXi [\ c f d\k\ic\ d`\[f%

` :lXe[f \e cfj ZXdY`fj [\

ZcXj\# \e cfj j\im`Z`fj# \e \c XlkfY j f \e \c i\Zi\f _Xp le e` f f e` X hl\ j`\dgi\ kifg`\qX Zfe \c d`jdf%

DXckiXkf ef \j1

` :lXe[f Xc^l`\e XYljX [\ jl

` <jkXi le [ X f mXi`fj \e]X$

]l\iqX p Xk\dfi`qX X cfj [\d}j Xd\eXq}e[fcfj j` ef _XZ\e cf hl\ c hl`\i\1 [Xic\ [`e\if# _X$ Z\ic\ cfj [\Y\i\j%%%

[X[f Zfe Xc^l`\e j`e _XYcXic\ X m\Z\j \j e\Z\jXi`f [Xi X \ek\e[\i [\ \jk\ df[f hl\ \jkXdfj [fc`[fj %

` :lXe[f le ^ilgf [\ \jkl$

` <c \e]i\ekXd`\ekf \eki\ [fj

[`Xek\j \jg\iX X cX jXc`[X [\c

gXe[`ccXj \e leX Z`l[X[ f Xc[\X

[`^Xdfj hl\ \j leX j`klXZ` e m`fc\ekX# p hl\ ef \jk} eX[X Y`\e2 g\if ef \j XZfjf %

` @ejlckXi fZXj`feXcd\ek\ \e

` Kifg\qXi j`e hl\i\i p Z_`ccXi

d\[`f [\ leX YifeZX \jk} ]\f# g\if ef \j XZfjf %

½·8gXikX ¾ ·Xlehl\ [\ Yl\eX \[lZXZ` e ef \j %

5 G8I8 J89<I DÝJ

Gif^iXdX [\ j\ej`Y`c`qXZ` e jfYi\ f dXckiXkf \eki\ `^lX`j# :fej\cc\i X [\ <[lZXZ` e \ Fi[\eXZ` e Le`m\ij`kXi`X# OlekX [\ >Xc`Z`X%

:* +

Ă&#x201C;Y^W

<E 9I<M<

ÂľJ; ?:;DJ?<?97I5

GIFKy><K<

D8I:8 :FE LE8 <HL@J C8J =I8J<J :FE C8J HL< K< @;<EK@=@HL<J <E :8;8 LEF ;< CFJ KI<J 9CFHL<J1

<e ZXjf [\ hl\ kÂ&#x2019; j\Xj cX mÂ&#x2C6;Zk`dX1

9CFHL< (1 Âś<i\j leX mÂ&#x2C6;Zk`dX6

` 8gi\e[\ X [\Z`i hl\ ef

F ;`]le[\e ildfi\j ]Xcjfj jfYi\ kl g\ijfeX%

ZlXe[f \jkÂ&#x201E;j Zfem\eZ`[f [\ kl gfjkliX# XjÂ&#x2C6; Zfdf X aljk`Ă&#x201D;ZXi klj fg`e`fe\j%

F K\ `ejlckXe f j\ YlicXe ZfejkXek\d\ek\ [\ k`%

F K\ \dglaXe# k\ g\^Xe f k\ Xd\eXqXe% F K\ \jZfe[\e# k\ ifdg\e f k\ ifYXe ZfjXj [\ ]fidX Zfek`elX[X%

` Gi\g}iXk\ gXiX jfgfikXi cXj

F K\ `^efiXe f k\ [\jgi\Z`Xe%

gi\j`fe\j [\c ^ilgf ZlXe[f ef \jkÂ&#x201E;j [\ XZl\i[f \e Xc^f%

F K\ i\Z_XqXe \e ZlXchl`\i Z`iZlejkXeZ`X f gfi ZlXchl`\iX dfk`mf%

` <e j`klXZ`Â?e [\ k\ej`Â?e#

F K\ fYc`^Xe X _XZ\i ZfjXj hl\ kÂ&#x2019; ef hl`\i\j%

_Xq hl\ ef \jZlZ_Xj# lk`c`qX \c j\ek`[f [\c _ldfi%%% ` ;\Y\j _l`i [\ cXj j`klXZ`fe\j

f cl^Xi\j [fe[\ j\ gif[lZ\ \c dXckiXkf# p eleZX i\jgfe[\i X cXj X^i\j`fe\j Zfe m`fc\eZ`X gfihl\ gl\[\ j\i XÂ&#x2019;e g\fi%

F Ef k\ [\aXe gXik`Z`gXi \e cXj XZk`m`[X[\j [\c ^ilgf%

9CFHL< )1 Âś<i\j kÂ&#x2019; \c hl\ dXckiXkX6 F @ejlckXj# _XYcXj dXc [\ fkifj \ `eZcljf [`]le[\j ildfi\j ]Xcjfj% F K\ d\k\j [\ ]fidX g\ij`jk\ek\ Zfe Xc^lefj ZfdgXÂ&#x152;\ifj% F Dfc\jkXj \ `eZfdf[Xj X Xhl\ccXj g\ijfeXj hl\ k`\e\e Xc^leX gXik`ZlcXi`[X[ f leX XgXi`\eZ`X ]Â&#x2C6;j`ZX [`jk`ekX% F I\Z_XqXj X Xc^leXj g\ijfeXj \e cXj XZk`m`[X[\j [\ ^ilgf%

` 8j\^Â&#x2019;iXk\ cX ZfeĂ&#x201D;[\eZ`Xc`[X[#

g\if [\Y\j _XYcXi# YljZXi Xpl[X p eleZX jl]i`i \e j`c\eZ`f%

F ;`j]ilkXj `ek`d`[Xe[f# d\k`\e[f d`\[f f _XZ`\e[f ccfiXi X fkiXj g\ijfeXj X cXj hl\ Zfej`[\iXj d}j [Â&#x201E;Y`c\j% F 8e`dXj X klj ZfdgXÂ&#x152;\ifj X hl\ i\Z_XZ\e X Xc^l`\e [\c ^ilgf%

;<EèE:@8CF

F FYc`^Xj X cfj [\d}j X _XZ\i ZfjXj hl\ ef hl`\i\e%

J\ kÂ&#x2019; \i\j leX g\ijfeX \jg\Z$ kX[fiX [\c dXckiXkf p Zi\\j hl\ \c ZXjf \j c\m\# lk`c`qX \jkXj \jkiXk\^`Xj1

F G`\ejXj hl\ cX mÂ&#x2C6;Zk`dX j\ d\i\Z\ cf hl\ c\ gXjX%

` ?XYcX Zfe cX mÂ&#x2C6;Zk`dX p

F K`\e\j d`\[f X XZklXi \e [\]\ejX [\ cX g\ijfeX dXckiXkX[X%

dlÂ&#x201E;jkiXc\ kl Xgfpf p Zfd$ gi\ej`Â?e%

F :i\\j hl\ d`\ekiXj j\ d\kXe Zfe fkiX g\ijfeX ef j\ d\k\i}e Zfek`^f%

9CFHL< *1 ÂśF \i\j le \jg\ZkX[fi gXj`mf [\ \jkXj j`klXZ`fe\j6 F 8 m\Z\j Xj`jk\j X XZkfj [\ `ek`d`[XZ`Â?e p ef _XZ\j eX[X gXiX \m`kXicf%

F <e fZXj`fe\j gXik`Z`gXj \e cXj j`klXZ`fe\j [\ XYljf Zfe i`jXj# ^\jkfj f YlicXj% ` ?XYcX Zfe \c X^i\jfi p Zf$

dÂ&#x201E;ekXc\ hl\ j\ \jk} gXjXe[f# p hl\ \jkXiÂ&#x2C6;X Y`\e hl\ j\ glj`\iX \e \c cl^Xi [\c XZfjX[f% G\if j` k\ gXi\Z\ hl\ \j le ZXjf [\ dXckiXkf ^iXm\1 ` K\e d}j Zl`[X[f p \m`kX

\ekiXi \e leX g\c\X Zfe \c dXckiXkX[fi% ` ?XYcX cf Xek\j gfj`Yc\ Zfe le

X[lckf \e \c hl\ Zfe]Â&#x2C6;\j% GÂ&#x2C6;[\c\ `e]fidXZ`Â?e p fi`\ekXZ`Â?e jf$ Yi\ cf hl\ [\Y\j _XZ\i% ` 8gfpX X cX mÂ&#x2C6;Zk`dX%

I<JLCK8;F

Â&#x203A; J` cX dXpfiÂ&#x2C6;X [\ cXj \hl`j j\ Zfii\jgfe[\e Zfe \c Ycfhl\ (# j`^e`Ă&#x201D;ZX hl\ \jk}j j`\e[f mÂ&#x2C6;Zk`dX [\c

ccXdX[f ½Ylccp`e^ž# Xlehl\ k\ Zl\jk\ Zi\\icf% KÂ&#x2019; ef k`\e\j cX ZlcgX [\ cf hl\ k\ \jk} gXjXe[f p \j cÂ?$ ^`Zf hl\ k\ j`\ekXj dXc% ;\ _\Z_f# \j \jf cf hl\ YljZXe cXj g\ijfeXj hl\ k\ XZfjXe% Ef gl\[\j _XZ\i Zfdf j` ef _lY`\iX gXjX[f eX[X% G`[\ ¡pX Xpl[X X klj gX[i\j# X kl klkfi f Xc fi`\ekX[fi [\c Z\ekif% <ccfj jXYi}e ZÂ?df XZklXi%

Â&#x203A; J` cX dXpfiÂ&#x2C6;X [\ cXj ]iXj\j Zfe cXj hl\ k\ `[\ek`Ă&#x201D;ZXj j\ Zfii\jgfe[\e Zfe \c Ycfhl\ )# hl`\i\ [\Z`i

hl\ \i\j le dXckiXkX[fi [\ klj `^lXc\j% Kl Zfe[lZkX gl\[\ cc\mXik\ X j`klXZ`fe\j g\ijfeXc\j [\ `e\jkXY`c`[X[ \ `eX[XgkXZ`Â?e jfZ`Xc hl\ k\ g\ial[`ZXi}e# XgXik\ [\ hl\ \j dlp gfj`Yc\ hl\ c\ \jkÂ&#x201E;j ZXljXe[f le ^iXm\ [XÂ&#x152;f X cX g\ijfeX f g\ijfeXj [\ cXj hl\ XYljXj% KÂ&#x2019; kXdgfZf gl\[\j j\ek`ik\ Y`\e% ?}YcXcf Zfe klj gX[i\j# Zfe \c fi`\ekX[fi f Zfe \c klkfi1 k\ Xpl[Xi}e X i\ZfefZ\i hl\ k`\e\j le ^iXm\ gifYc\dX# \c gi`d\i gXjf gXiX jfclZ`feXicf%

Â&#x203A; J` k\ `[\ek`Ă&#x201D;ZXj Zfe cfj \eleZ`X[fj [\c Ycfhl\ *# j`^e`Ă&#x201D;ZX hl\ \i\j ZÂ?dgc`Z\ [\ leX j`klXZ`Â?e [\

dXckiXkf1 fYj\imXj# g\if ef XZkÂ&#x2019;Xj \e cX [\]\ejX [\c d}j [Â&#x201E;Y`c# gfi cf hl\ j`e [Xik\ Zl\ekX \jk}j Zf$ cXYfiXe[f Zfe \c dXckiXkX[fi X Â&#x201E;c c\ `ek\i\jX hl\ ]leZ`fe\ cX c\p [\c j`c\eZ`f gXiX j\^l`i `ek`d`[Xe[f X jlj mÂ&#x2C6;Zk`dXj % JÂ&#x201E; mXc`\ek\ p [\eleZ`X cX j`klXZ`Â?e%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:* ,

ÓY^W

DXckiXkf \eki\ `^lXc\j *

,OõQUEõPUEDENõHACERõLOSõPROFESORES Kf[fj jfdfj# Xc k`\dgf# `^lXc\j p [`]\i\ek\j% <jkXj j`\k\ gXcXYiXj# Xj`d`cX[Xj gfi cfj e` fj [\j[\ cfj gi`d\ifj X fj [\ m`[X# \m`kXi Xe dlZ_Xj [\ cXj j`klXZ`fe\j [\ m`fc\eZ`X \jZfcXi hl\ _fp jfe efk`Z`X \e cfj d\[`fj [\ Zfdle`ZXZ` e% :fefZ\i cX k`gfcf^ X [\c Xcldef X^i\jfi p \c g\iÔc [\ cX m Zk`dX# [\k\ZkXi cXj gi`d\iXj j\ Xc\j [\ ZfdgfikXd`\ekf Xek`jfZ`Xc p ZfekXi Zfe le gcXe [\ XZklXZ` e Zfealekf# \e \c hl\ k`\e\ hl\ \jkXi `dgc`ZX[X cX ]Xd`c`X# jfe Xc^leXj [\ cXj \jkiXk\^`Xj hl\ gl\[\ j\^l`i \c gif]\jfiX[f X cX _fiX [\ XkXaXi cXj j`klXZ`fe\j [\ m`fc\eZ`X \jZfcXi%

8[\d}j# cfj \og\ikfj \e cX gi\m\eZ` e [\ j`klXZ`fe\j [\ Ylccp`e^ i\Zfd`\e[Xe1

Z` e \dfZ`feXc# \c ZfdgfikX$ d`\ekf Xj\ik`mf p cX i\jfclZ` e [\ ZfeÕ`Zkfj%

` Lk`c`qXi cfj jfZ`f^iXdXj

` <jkXYc\Z\i# \e \c gifg`f Z\e$

Zfdf `ejkild\ekf gXiX [\$ k\ZkXi Xcldefj p XcldeXj X`jcX[fj# ef `ek\^iX[fj \e \c XlcX%

kif# le gifkfZfcf [\ XZklXZ` e Zfealekf Zfe cX `dgc`ZXZ` e [\ cX a\]XkliX [\ \jkl[`fj p \c [\gXikXd\ekf [\ fi`\ekX$ Z` e %

P \j hl\ dXckiXkXi%%% ef \j ZfjX [\ e` fj%

` =fd\ekXi cX `ek\im\eZ` e [\c

Gif^iXdX [\ j\ej`Y`c`qXZ` e jfYi\ f dXckiXkf \eki\ `^lX`j# :fej\cc\i X [\ <[lZXZ` e \ Fi[\eXZ` e Le`m\ij`kXi`X# OlekX [\ >Xc`Z`X%

` <jkXYc\Z\i ZXeXc\j [\ Zf$

dle`ZXZ` e X[\ZlX[fj \eki\ Xcldefj p gif]\jfi\j# cXYfi hl\ gl\[\ ]XZ`c`kXij\ X kiXm j [\ cX klkfi X% ?XYcXi [\ \jkfj k\dXj Zfe \c XcldeX[f \ `d$ gc`ZXi X kf[fj XZfjX[fi\j# m Zk`dXj p k\jk`^fj \e jl i\jfclZ` e%

klkfi l fi`\ekX[fi [\c Z\ekif \e cXj j`klXZ`fe\j \e cXj hl\ \o`jk\ jfjg\Z_X [\ dXckiXkf1 \j d\afi XZcXiXi hl\ j\ kiXkX [\ leX YifeZX \eki\ Xd`^fj f [\ le dXc\ek\e[`[f j`e `dgfikXe$ Z`X hl\ [\aXi j`e XYfi[Xi leX j`klXZ` e [\ XYljf%

` =fd\ekXi leX Yl\eX i\cX$

Z` e `ek\ig\ijfeXc \eki\ \c XcldeX[f p dfjkiXi `ek\i j p gi\fZlgXZ` e gfi cXj ZfjXj hl\ c\j fZlii\e% ` :fekifcXi cfj \jZ\eXi`fj

d}j k g`Zfj \e cXj j`klXZ`fe\j [\ XZfjf1 cfj j\im`Z`fj# \c gX$ k`f# cXj jXc`[Xj \okiX\jZfcXi\j# cfj Xci\[\[fi\j [\c Z\ekif# \c XlkfY j%%% ` KiXYXaXi# \e cX d\[`[X [\ cf gfj`Yc\# Xjg\Zkfj [\ cX \[lZX$

` 8gfpXi Xc Xcld$

eX[f Zfe e\Z\j`$ [X[\j \[lZXk`mXj \jg\Z`Xc\j p X cfj hl\ g\ik\e\Z\e X d`efi Xj ke`ZXj# pX hl\ jfe cfj [fj Zfc\Zk`mfj d}j mlce\iXYc\j Xc XZfjf% ` 8ZklXi [\ leX

dXe\iX Ôid\ ZfekiX \c dXc$ kiXkf1 ef g\id`k`i `ejlckfj# YlicXj

f `ek`d`[XZ`fe\j% <jk} ZfdgifYX[f hl\ cX `dgl$ e`[X[ Xek\ cXj X^i\j`fe\j cXj i\]l\iqX g\c`^ifjXd\ek\%

5 G8I8 J89<I DÝJ

<E 9I<M< :FEJ<:L<E:@8J G8I8 C8 MĂ :K@D8

CX mÂ&#x2C6;Zk`dX \j cX gXik\ d}j [Â&#x201E;Y`c [\ leX j`klXZ`Â?e [\ m`fc\eZ`X# gfi cf hl\ \j cX hl\ d}j j\Zl\$ cXj mX X \og\i`d\ekXi \e jl g\i$ jfeXc`[X[# Zfdf gfi \a\dgcf1 ` 9XaX Xlkf\jk`dX# j\ek`d`\e$ kfj [\ `ej\^li`[X[ p d`\[f% ` @ekifm\ij`Â?e# k`d`[\q p

[`Ă&#x201D;ZlckX[ gXiX cXj i\cXZ`fe\j g\ijfeXc\j% ` 9Xaf i\e[`d`\ekf XZX[Â&#x201E;d`Zf

:* ,

Ă&#x201C;Y^W H;JH7JE HE8EJ

KXekf cX mÂ&#x2C6;Zk`dX Zfdf \c X^i\jfi i\jgfe[\e# \e cX dXpfiÂ&#x2C6;X [\ cfj ZXjfj# X le g\iĂ&#x201D;c ]Â&#x2C6;j`Zf p gj`ZfcÂ?^`Zf [\k\id`eX[f% 8lehl\ \e cX gi}Zk`ZX j\ \eZl\ekiXe j`klXZ`fe\j hl\ ef j\ XaljkXe X \jk\ df[\cf# ZfefZ\i \jkXj ZXiXZk\iÂ&#x2C6;jk`ZXj ]XZ`c`kXi} Xc gif]\jfiX[f cX [\k\ZZ`Â?e [\ cXj j`klXZ`fe\j [\ i`\j^f1 ( C8 G<IJFE8 D8CKI8K8;8

Â&#x203A; IXj^fj [\ g\ijfeXc`[X[1 Zfe ]i\Zl\eZ`X jfe g\ijfeXj d}j Y`\e kÂ&#x2C6;d`[Xj# Zfe YXaX Xlkf\jk`dX p

dlZ_X Xej`\[X[ \ `ej\^li`[X[% Ef jl\c\e i\jgfe[\i X cXj X^i\j`fe\j# e` j`hl`\iX [\ dXe\iX m\iYXc# p ½ef jXY\e [\]\e[\ij\ž%

Â&#x203A; :XiXZk\iÂ&#x2C6;jk`ZXj ]Â&#x2C6;j`ZXj1 kXekf cfj e`Â&#x152;fj Zfdf cXj e`Â&#x152;Xj hl\ jfe fYa\kf [\ dXckiXkf# ZXj` j`\dgi\

gi\j\ekXe d\efi ]fikXc\qX ]Â&#x2C6;j`ZX hl\ cfj X^i\jfi\j% Gl\[\e k\e\i Xc^leX gXik`ZlcXi`[X[ fY\j`[X[# YXaX \jkXkliX# [`jZXgXZ`[X[ f XgXi`\eZ`X ]Â&#x2C6;j`ZX [`]\i\ek\ g\ik\e\Z\i X fkiX \ke`X# [`jk`ekf Zfcfi [\ g`\c hl\ j`im\e [\ [`jZlcgX gXiX cX `ek`d`[XZ`Â?e%

Â&#x203A; ;fj k`gfcf^Â&#x2C6;Xj1 \jk} \c gifkfk`gf [\ ½mÂ&#x2C6;Zk`dX gXj`mXž# hl\ \j cX d}j ]i\Zl\ek\# p \j cX hl\ jfgfikX

\e j`c\eZ`f \c dXckiXkf [\c hl\ \j fYa\kf% G\if kXdY`Â&#x201E;e \o`jk\ cX ½mÂ&#x2C6;Zk`dX XZk`mX p gifmfZX[fiXž# hl\ \j cX hl\ Zfe jl ZfdgfikXd`\ekf fi`^`eX k\ej`fe\j \e jl \ekfief% <jkX ]fidX [\ XZklXi ]XZ`c`kX cX \oZljX gXiX hl\ \c X^i\jfi aljk`Ă&#x201D;hl\ jl Zfe[lZkX% <e Xc^lefj ZXjfj cX mÂ&#x2C6;Zk`dX j\ Zfem`\ik\ \e X^i\jfiX [\ fkif ZfdgXÂ&#x152;\if Xc hl\ Zfej`[\iX d}j [Â&#x201E;Y`c# al^Xe[f Xc k`\dgf cfj [fj gXg\c\j1 XZfjX[f p XZfjX[fi%

p ]fY`X \jZfcXi% ) <C 8>I<JFI ` 8ej`\[X[ p gifYc\dXj \df$

Z`feXc\j% ` <e ZXjfj \oki\dfj# \e cXj g\ijfeXj Zfe m`Zk`d`qXZ`Â?e gifcfe^X[X gl\[\e [Xij\ `e$ k\ekfj [\ jl`Z`[`f%

<=<:KFJ G8I8 <C 8>I<JFI

Â&#x203A; IXj^fj [\ g\ijfeXc`[X[1 k\dg\iXd\ekf X^i\j`mf \ `dglcj`mf# Zfe \jZXjf XlkfZfekifc p YXaX

Xlkf\jk`dX% Jfe g\ijfeXj Zfe gfZX ZfeZ`\eZ`X dfiXc jfYi\ jlj XZkfj% Jfe \okifm\ik`[fj# Zfe Z`\ikX gfglcXi`[X[ \eki\ jlj j\^l`[fi\j p hl\ j`\dgi\ YljZXe cX Zfdgc`Z`[X[ [\ fkiXj g\ijfeXj% :fe ]i\Zl\eZ`X jfe Z_`Zfj Zfe mÂ&#x2C6;eZlcfj ]Xd`c`Xi\j [Â&#x201E;Y`c\j p \jZXjf `ek\iÂ&#x201E;j gfi cfj \jkl[`fj%

Â&#x203A; <e ZlXekf X cXj ZXiXZk\iÂ&#x2C6;jk`ZXj ]Â&#x2C6;j`ZXj1 jl\c\e k\e\i dXpfi ]fikXc\qX ]Â&#x2C6;j`ZX hl\ cXj mÂ&#x2C6;Zk`dXj% Â&#x203A; K`gfj [\ X^i\jfi\j1 cXj Z_`ZXj lk`c`qXe d}j cfj \c\d\ekfj gj`ZfcÂ?^`Zfj \e jlj X^i\j`fe\j# d`\ekiXj hl\ cfj Z_`Zfj _XZ\e mXc\i# \e cX dXpfiÂ&#x2C6;X [\ cfj ZXjfj# jl ]l\iqX ]Â&#x2C6;j`ZX% KXdY`Â&#x201E;e \jk} cX Ă&#x201D;^liX [\ cfj ½dXe`glcX[fi\jž# hl\ jfe cfj hl\ [\j[\ cX jfdYiX [`i`^\e cfj XZkfj m`fc\ekfj [\ jlj j\^l`[fi\j%

KXdY`Â&#x201E;e cX g\ijfeX hl\ dXckiXkX \og\i`d\ekX Zfej\$ Zl\eZ`Xj e\^Xk`mXj# Zfdf gfi \a\dgcf1 ` 9XaX jl i\e[`d`\ekf \jZf$

cXi% ` GifmfZX k\ej`fe\j \e \c XlcX

p \e \c Z\ekif% ` Lk`c`qX cX X^i\j`Â?e Zfdf ]fi$

dX [\ i\ZfefZ`d`\ekf jfZ`Xc% ` Dl\jkiX [`Ă&#x201D;ZlckX[ gXiX

\jkXYc\Z\i i\cXZ`fe\j jfZ`Xc\j \eki\ `^lXc\j j`e hl\ \o`jkX `ek`d`[XZ`Â?e% ` 8gi\e[\ X dXckiXkXi# cf hl\

gl\[\ [\k\i`fiXi ^iXm\d\ek\ cX Zfem`m\eZ`X Zfe jl gXi\aX \e \c ]lklif%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:* -

ÓY^W

M`fc\eZ`X ZfekiX cX dla\i (

5NõPASOõHACIAõLAõIGUALDAD CX m`fc\eZ`X ZfekiX cXj dla\i\j \j gifYXYc\d\ek\ cX m`fcXZ` e [\ cfj [\i\Z_fj _ldXefj d}j le`m\ijXc [\ ZlXekXj j\ gif[lZ\e \e cX XZklXc`[X[% <jk} gi\j\ek\ \e kf[Xj cXj jfZ`\[X[\j [\c dle[f# j\X ZlXc j\X jl j`jk\dX gfc k`Zf f \Zfe d`Zf% Ef [`]\i\eZ`X ZlckliXj# i\c`^`fe\j# ZcXj\j jfZ`Xc\j e` \ke`Xj% CXj \jkX[ jk`ZXj dl\jkiXe hl\ \e e`e^ e i`eZ e [\c gcXe\kX cfj [\i\Z_fj _ldXefj [\ cXj dla\i\j jfe ^XiXek`qX[fj gc\eXd\ek\% 8c d\efj# \jkf \j cf hl\ jfjk`\e\ 8de`jk X @ek\ieXZ`feXc% <jkX fi^Xe`qXZ` e _ldXe`kXi`X kXdY` e efj i\Zl\i[X hl\# gXiX ZfdYXk`i cX [`jZi`d`eXZ` e _XZ`X cXj dla\i\j# \j ]le[Xd\ekXc \[lZXi \e `^lXc[X[ [\j[\ cX gi`d\iX `e]XeZ`X%

Cfj a m\e\j ^Xcc\^fj [\ \eki\ (/ p )0 X fj jfe cfj hl\ k`\$ e\e d}j ZcXif hl\ cX m`fc\e$ Z`X ZfekiX cXj dla\i\j \j leX Zfej\Zl\eZ`X [\ leX jfZ`\[X[ dXZ_`jkX p j\o`jkX# Xj hl\ \ccfj i\gi\j\ekXe Xc Zfc\Zk`mf d}j ZfeZ`\eZ`X[f X cX _fiX [\ cl$ Z_Xi ZfekiX \jkX j`klXZ` e [\ [\j`^lXc[X[% KXdY` e jfe cfj d}j gi\[`jgl\jkfj X [\ele$ Z`Xi \jkfj ZXjfj1 fZ_f [\ ZX[X [`\q ef [l[Xi Xe \e _XZ\icf% <jkfj [Xkfj# i\Zf^`[fj gfi cX M`Z\gi\j`[\eZ`X [X @^lXc[X[\ \ [f 9\e\jkXi [\ cX OlekX [\ >Xc`Z`X X kiXm j [\ leX i\Z`\ek\ \eZl\jkX# jlgfe\ gXiX dlZ_fj leX gXcdX[`kX [\ }e`df X cX _fiX [\ \e]i\ekXij\ X cfj jlZ\$ jfj \e hl\ cXj dla\i\j dl\i\e X dXefj [\ jlj gXi\aXj% P \j hl\ \c _\Z_f [\ hl\ j\Xe cfj

a m\e\j cfj d}j [`jgl\jkfj X XZXYXi Zfe leX i\Xc`[X[ ki}^`ZX \e cX hl\ cX [`jZi`d`eXZ` e p cX m`fc\eZ`X \jk}e X cX fi[\e [\c [ X f]i\Z\ leX \jg\iXeqX [\ ZXiX Xc ]lklif1 gl\[\ hl\ Xc^f \jk ZXdY`Xe[f% P \e \jk\ Zfek\okf# cfj gif^iXdXj \[lZXk`mfj gl\jkfj \e dXiZ_X \e cXj XlcXj ^Xcc\^Xj gfi ^il$ gfj [\ gif]\jfi\j# [fZ\ek\j Xe e`dfj l fi^Xe`qXZ`fe\j ZfeZi\kXj Zfdf cXj le`[X$ [\j [`[}Zk`ZXj [\c J\d`eXi`f >Xc\^f [\ <[lZXZ` e gXiX X GXq# gfi \a\dgcf j\^lif hl\ _Xe XgfikX[f jl ^iXe`kf [\ Xi\eX% ;\ dfd\ekf# jXY\dfj hl\ _Xp hl\ j\^l`i# gfihl\ cfj ]ilkfj [\ cfj gif^iXdXj \[lZXk`mfj j\ _XZ\e \jg\iXi% G\if# Xek\j f [\jgl j# j\^lif hl\ cc\^Xi}e%

:* -

Ă&#x201C;Y^W BE GK; DE J?;D; DEC8H;

<c c`Yif [\ 8dgXif QXZXiÂ&#x201E;j ½CX m`fc\eZ`X [\ ^Â&#x201E;e\if \ogc`ZX[X X d` _`afž# \[`kX[f gfi cX :fej\cc\i`X [\ 9\e\jkXi JfZ`Xc [\ cX >\e\iXc`kXk [\ MXc\eZ`X :Xi\eX <[`kfij# )'', \j leX `ek\i\jXek\ glYc`ZXZ`Â?e [\ ZXi}Zk\i [`mlc^Xk`mf hl\ \ogc`ZX [\ leX dXe\iX [`i\ZkX \c dXckiXkf _XZ`X cXj dla\i\j% Gl\[\ i\jlckXi [\ ^iXe Xpl[X X cX _fiX [\ kiXejd`k`i X cfj d}j aÂ?m\e\j ZfeZ\gkfj Y}j`Zfj [\ cX \[lZXZ`Â?e \e mXcfi\j# Zfdf cX `^lXc[X[# \c i\jg\kf p cX kfc\iXeZ`X% Gfi \a\dgcf# \c j`^l`\ek\ [`}cf^f \jk} kfdX[f [\c gi`d\i ZXgÂ&#x2C6;klcf [\c c`Yif# \e \c hl\ j\ `ek\ekX XZcXiXi kf[X cX Zfe]lj`Â?e hl\ _Xp \e kfief Xc kÂ&#x201E;id`ef%

Â&#x203A; DXd}# ÂśhlÂ&#x201E; j`^e`Ă&#x201D;ZX m`fc\eZ`X [\ ^Â&#x201E;e\if6 Â&#x203A; <j cX kiX[lZZ`Â?e [\ cX \ogi\j`Â?e `e^c\jX ½^\e[\i$YXj\[ m`fc\eZ\ž f ½^\e[\i m`fc\eZ\ž p j\ i\Ă&#x201D;\i\

X cX m`fc\eZ`X# kXekf ]Â&#x2C6;j`ZX Zfdf gj`ZfcÂ?^`ZX# hl\ j\ \a\iZ\ ZfekiX cXj dla\i\j gfi iXqÂ?e [\ jl j\of# YXjX[X \e jl jlgl\jkX `e]\i`fi`[X[ Y`fcÂ?^`ZX ]i\ek\ X cfj _fdYi\j%

Â&#x203A; D\ i\jlckX Z_fZXek\ gfihl\ \e cX ZcXj\ [\ C\e^lX d\ _Xe \ej\Â&#x152;X[f hl\ jfe cXj gXcXYiXj cXj hl\ k`\e\e ^Â&#x201E;e\if# ef cXj g\ijfeXj%

Â&#x203A; Efjfkifj ef ljXdfj cX gXcXYiX ½^Â&#x201E;e\ifž Zfdf j`eÂ?e`df [\ ½j\ofž Xc ZfekiXi`f [\ cf hl\ fZlii\ \e

\c dle[f Xe^cfjXaÂ?e% <j m\i[X[ hl\ \e ^iXd}k`ZX \c kÂ&#x201E;id`ef ½^Â&#x201E;e\ifž j\ i\Ă&#x201D;\i\ X leX gifg`\[X[ [\ cfj efdYi\j p [\ Xc^lefj gifefdYi\j hl\ g\id`k\ ZcXj`Ă&#x201D;ZXicfj Zfdf dXjZlc`efj# ]\d\e`efj p e\lkifj% P \j Z`\ikf kXdY`Â&#x201E;e hl\ gXiX j\Â&#x152;XcXi cX Zfe[`Z`Â?e Y`fcÂ?^`ZX gfi cX hl\ cfj j\i\j m`mfj j\ [`j$ k`e^l\e \e dXjZlc`efj p ]\d\e`efj j\ \dgc\X \c kÂ&#x201E;id`ef ½j\ofž% Gfi \jf cXj gXcXYiXj k`\e\e ^Â&#x201E;e\if p ef j\of# d`\ekiXj hl\ cfj j\i\j m`mfj k`\e\e j\of p ef ^Â&#x201E;e\if%

Â&#x203A; <ekfeZ\j# Âśgfi hlÂ&#x201E; j\ lk`c`qX \jX \ogi\j`Â?e6 Â&#x203A; GXiX dlZ_fj \j `eXgifg`X[X gfi j\i le d\if \l]\d`jdf# leX ]fidX [\ ef ccXdXi X cXj ZfjXj gfi jl

efdYi\# leX dXe\iX [\ \ogi\jXi Zfe jlXm`[X[ cXj X^i\j`fe\j YilkXc\j ZfekiX cXj dla\i\j p# Xlehl\ [\j[\ \c glekf [\ m`jkX c`e^Â&#x2022;Â&#x2C6;jk`Zf kXdgfZf \j cX kiX[lZZ`Â?e d}j X[\ZlX[X# \j cX hl\ [`]le[`\ife cfj d\[`fj [\ Zfdle`ZXZ`Â?e X gXik`i [\c :fe^i\jf jfYi\ cX Dla\i Z\c\YiX[f \e G\bÂ&#x2C6;e \e (00,%

Â&#x203A; Âś:Â?df k\e[iÂ&#x2C6;X hl\ [\efd`eXij\ \ekfeZ\j6 Â&#x203A; <o`jk\e mXi`Xj Xck\ieXk`mXj1 m`fc\eZ`X [fdÂ&#x201E;jk`ZX# m`fc\eZ`X ]Xd`c`Xi# m`fc\eZ`X ZfekiX cXj dla\i\j# m`fc\eZ`X [\ gXi\aX p kXdY`Â&#x201E;e [`jZi`d`eXZ`Â?e gfi iXqÂ?e [\ j\of%

Â&#x203A; 8c Ă&#x201D;eXc# ÂśZl}c j\iÂ&#x2C6;X cX Zfii\ZkX6 Â&#x203A; M`fc\eZ`X [fdÂ&#x201E;jk`ZX \j cX \ogi\j`Â?e d}j lk`c`qX[X# p X[\d}j \o`jk\ \e fkiXj c\e^lXj ½m`fc\eZ\ [fd\jk`hl\# m`fc\eqX [fd\jk`ZXž # g\if ef kf[fj cX XZ\gkXe%

Â&#x203A; ÂśGfi hlÂ&#x201E;6 Â&#x203A; Gfihl\ cX m`fc\eZ`X [fdÂ&#x201E;jk`ZX# \e j\ek`[f \jki`Zkf# j\ i\Ă&#x201D;\i\ jfcf X cX m`fc\eZ`X \a\iZ`[X \eki\

]Xd`c`Xi\j [\ le _f^Xi f hl\ Zfem`m\e YXaf le d`jdf k\Z_f# g\if ef `e[`ZXiÂ&#x2C6;X cfj ZXjfj \e cfj hl\ \c dXckiXkX[fi \j \c efm`f f ZfdgXÂ&#x152;\if Zfe \c hl\ cX mÂ&#x2C6;Zk`dX ef ZfdgXik\ m`m`\e[X% Gfi \jf# cf d}j XZ\ikX[f# \j _XYcXi [\ m`fc\eZ`X [fdÂ&#x201E;jk`ZX f gfi iXqÂ?e [\ j\of%

5 G8I8 J89<I DĂ?J

CX le`[X[ [`[}Zk`ZX ½Ef d}j m`fc\eZ`X ZfekiX cX Dla\iž# [\ 8de`jkÂ&#x2C6;X @ek\ieX$ Z`feXc# f]i\Z\ XZk`m`[X[\j [`[}Zk`ZXj jfYi\ \jk\ k\dX fi^Xe`qX[Xj gfi e`m\c\j \[lZXk`mfj \[lZXZ`Â?e gi`$ dXi`X# <JF# YXZ_`cc\iXkf p \[lZXZ`Â?e [\ X[lckfj % J\ gl\[\ [\jZXi^Xi [\ cX g}^`eX n\Y1 _kkg1&&Zm%lfZ%\[l& uXde`jk`X&\[lZX&X`$\[lZX&X`$\[lZX$ ^\e\if%g[]

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:* .

ÓY^W

M`fc\eZ`X ZfekiX cX dla\i )

!MORESõQUEõDUELENõõ ½D` dXi`[f d\ g\^X cf efidXc¾% <jkX ]iXj\ ÇgXiX cX `ed\ejX dXpfi X XY\iiXek\# gXiX Xc^leXj dla\i\j jl i\Xc`[X[Ç ef \jk} kXe [\j]XjX[X Zfdf j\ gf[i X g\ejXi% 8j cf [\dl\jkiX \c _\Z_f [\ hl\ \c /' [\ cXj Z_`ZXj p \c ., [\ cfj Z_`Zfj X[d`kX cX gfj`Y`c`[X[ [\ hl\ leX gXi\aX k\ hl`\iX Xlehl\ k\ dXckiXk\% <jk\ [Xkf# alekf X fkifj ef d\efj \jg\clqeXek\j# Zfdf \c [\ hl\ \c (+ [\ cXj Z_`ZXj Zfej`[\i\ efidXc hl\ jl gXi\aX c\ fYc`^l\ X dXek\e\i i\cXZ`fe\j j\olXc\j \e Xc^leX fZXj` e# _X cc\mX[f X cX :fd`j` e [\ @em\jk`^XZ` e [\ DXcfj KiXkfj X Dla\i\j X Z\ekiXi jlj \j]l\iqfj \e cX gfYcXZ` e d}j afm\e Zfe cX ZXdgX X ½8dXi ef [l\c\¾%

<jkX XjfZ`XZ` e kXdY` e efj i\Zl\i[X Xc^lefj [Xkfj gXiX i\Õ\o`feXi [\j[\ cXj XlcXj1

` ;\k\i`fif `dgfikXek\ [\

m`fc\eZ`X j\o`jkX cX i\Xc`qXe d\efi\j [\ *' X fj%

cXj i\cXZ`fe\j jfZ`Xc\j# jfYi\ kf[f j` cX i\cXZ` e _X [liX[f dlZ_f k`\dgf% J`\ek\e hl\ j\ _Xe hl\[X[f j`e Xd`^fj p dl$ Z_Xj m\Z\j \jk}e \e]i\ekX[Xj X jlj ]Xd`c`Xj%

` <c ** [\ cXj dla\i\j dl\i$

` <c i\e[`d`\ekf XZX[ d`Zf

kXj \e cfj ck`dfj Z`eZf X fj k\e X d\efj [\ \jX \[X[%

j\ m\ dlp g\ial[`ZX[f% <j ]i\Zl\ek\ \c XZfjf# cX m`^`cXeZ`X p cfj `eZ`[\ek\j m`fc\ekfj Zfe cX `iilgZ` e [\c dXckiXkX[fi \e \c Z\ekif [\ \jkl[`fj f [\ kiXYXaf%

` <c +' [\ cXj [\eleZ`Xj gfi

` CX k\iZ\iX gXik\ [\ cXj g\ijf$

eXj hl\ XZl[\e X cfj j\im`Z`fj [\ Xk\eZ` e X m Zk`dXj [\ \jkX Zfd`j` e ef _Xe Zldgc`[f cX ki\`ek\eX% <jkX ck`dX j`klXZ` e cfj cc\m X Zi\Xi ^ilgfj k\iXg lk`Zfj [\ Z_`ZXj dXckiXkX[Xj# \e jl dX$ pfi X m Zk`dXj [\ jl gi`d\iX gXi\aX% Jl j`klXZ` e Xe d`ZX jl\c\ i\jgfe[\i Xc j`^l`\ek\ ZlX[if1 ` 8ej`\[X[# [\gi\j` e# YXaX

Xlkf\jk`dX# m\i^ \eqX# ZlcgX# j\ek`d`\ekfj [\ `e[\]\ej` e# j\ejXZ` e [\ YXaX ZXgXZ`[X[ [\ Zfekifc p d`\[f X cX jfc\[X[# Xc XYXe[fef p Xc [X f hl\ gl\$ [Xe jl]i`i \ccXj f jl ]Xd`c`X gfi i\gi\jXc`Xj% KXdY` e k\d\e cXj Zfej\Zl\eZ`Xj gXiX \c dXckiX$ kX[fi Xek\ cX gfj`Y`c`[X[ [\ hl\ j\X [\k\e`[f%

Gl\j Zfe kf[fj \jkfj [Xkfj# X e _Xp hl`\e g`\ejX hl\ cX m`fc\e$ Z`X j\o`jkX \j ZfjX [\ dla\i\j dXpfi\j p ZXjX[Xj¿

<E 9I<M< ÂśHLy ?8:<I J@ D@ ?@A8 ?8 J@;F D8CKI8K8;86 <jk\ \j \c kÂ&#x2C6;klcf [\c dXk\i`Xc [\ Xgfpf hl\ _X \cXYfiX[f cX :fd`j`Â?e [\ @em\jk`^XZ`Â?e [\ DXcfj KiXkfj X Dla\i\j Zfe \c hl\ `ek\ekX f]i\Z\i X ]Xd`c`Xi\j p Xd`^fj [\ gfj`Yc\j mÂ&#x2C6;Zk`dXj Xc^leXj i\Zfd\e[XZ`fe\j jfYi\ ZÂ?df [\k\ZkXi ZXjfj [\ m`fc\eZ`X# _XjkX [Â?e[\ `e$ mfclZiXij\ f hlÂ&#x201E; i\Zlijfj [\ Xpl[X \o`jk\e% J\ gl\[\ fYk\e\i d}j `e]fi$ dXZ`Â?e \e cX g}^`eX n\Y&_kkg1 &&nnn%\[lZXi\e`^lXc[X[%fi^& LgcfX[&DXkV)/V^lÂ&#x2C6;X$gX$ [i\j%g[]

EF <J =Ă?:@C 8;D@K@ICF 8c^leXj [\ cXj iXqfe\j gfi cXj hl\ leX X[fc\jZ\ek\ ef jl\c\ ZfekXi X eX[`\# p d\efj X jlj gX[i\j# cX m`fc\eZ`X hl\ jl]i\e1 ` CX m\i^Â&#x2022;\eqX [\ X[d`k`i

]i\ek\ X cX ]Xd`c`X hl\ \o`jk\ le gifYc\dX [\c hl\ gfj`Yc\$ d\ek\ cX Xc\ikXife%

:* .

Ă&#x201C;Y^W JEB;H7D9?7 9;HE

Â&#x203A; ÂśGfi hlÂ&#x201E; cXj dla\i\j ef [\eleZ`Xe cfj dXcfj kiXkfj6 Â&#x203A; Gfi d`\[f p gfi m\i^Â&#x2022;\eqX% J`\ek\e leX ^iXe `e[\]\ej`Â?e# k`\e\e leX ^iXe [\g\e[\eZ`X X]\Zk`mX p dlZ_f gl[fi gXiX jXZXi X cX clq jl gifg`X [\Y`c`[X[2 X[\d}j# m`m\e cX i\cXZ`Â?e [\ dXckiXkf Zfe le ^iXe j\ek`d`\ekf [\ ZlcgXY`c`[X[# j\ j`\ek\e i\jgfejXYc\j [\ cX j`klXZ`Â?e p ZXjk`^X[Xj gfi \ccf%

Â&#x203A; Ef cf \ek`\e[f% Â&#x203A; CX dla\i j\ Zi\\ ZlcgXYc\ gfi cX dXe`glcXZ`Â?e [\c gifg`f dXckiXkX[fi% <e \jkX j`klXZ`Â?e \c _fdYi\ i\jgfejXY`c`qX X cX dla\i [\ jlj ]iXZXjfj p \ccX [\Y\ ZXi^Xi Zfe cX ZlcgX [\ kf[f cf hl\ c\ fZliiX# XjÂ&#x2C6; cfj gXg\c\j j\ `em`\ik\e p \c X^i\jfi j\ Zfem`\ik\ \e X^i\[`[f Xc hl\ j\ c\ g\id`k\ jfZ`Xcd\ek\ [\jZXc`Ă&#x201D;ZXi X cX dla\i Zfe [`jZlijfj d`jÂ?^`efj%

Â&#x203A; G\if ÂśZÂ?df gl\[\e i\j`jk`icf6# ÂśZÂ?df gl\[\e j\i YilkXcd\ek\ ^fcg\X[Xj p ef [\Z`icf6 Â&#x203A; <c d`\[f cXj gXiXc`qX p c\j _XZ\ g\idXe\Z\i \e le \jkX[f [\ `ehl`\kl[ Zfek`elX Xek\ le g\c`^if hl\

\j i\Xc p [\c hl\ jXY\e hl\ \j dlp [`]Â&#x2C6;Z`c gifk\^\icXj% 8 d\el[f j\ \eZl\ekiXe \e le ZXcc\aÂ?e j`e jXc`[X# m`m\e \c `eĂ&#x201D;\ief [\ekif [\ ZXjX p X cX m\q ZXi\Z\e [\ d\[`fj \ZfeÂ?d`Zfj gXiX dXek\e\ij\ gfi \ccXj d`jdXj% 8[\d}j# jXY\e hl\ ZlXe[f [\eleZ`\e \c X^i\jfi cf kfdXi} Zfdf leX [\ZcXiXZ`Â?e [\ ^l\iiX hl\ \e dlZ_fj ZXjfj k\id`eX j`\e[f ZiÂ?e`ZX [\ leX dl\ik\ XeleZ`X[X% P# ZlXe[f j\ [Xe Zl\ekX [\ cX dXe`glcXZ`Â?e hl\ _Xe jl]i`[f# kXdY`Â&#x201E;e j`\ek\e `iX p leX Xe^ljk`X k\ii`Yc\%

Â&#x203A; <ekfeZ\j# ÂśhlÂ&#x201E; gl\[\ _XZ\i leX dla\i hl\ _XpX jl]i`[f dXcfj kiXkfj6 Â&#x203A; Cf gi`d\if hl\ [\Y\ _XZ\i \j YljZXi Xj`jk\eZ`X jXe`kXi`X% ;\Y\ XZl[`i X le _fjg`kXc f Z\ekif jXe`$

kXi`f# gÂ&#x2019;Yc`Zf f gi`mX[f# gXiX hl\ c\ i\Xc`Z\e le i\ZfefZ`d`\ekf dÂ&#x201E;[`Zf Zfdgc\kf% LeX m\q hl\ \c dÂ&#x201E;[`Zf mXcfiX cXj c\j`fe\j p cfj [XÂ&#x152;fj [\ cX X^i\j`Â?e# \cXYfiX le `e]fid\ hl\ \j \j\eZ`Xc gXiX cX gfj$ k\i`fi XZklXZ`Â?e al[`Z`Xc% Gl\[\ jfc`Z`kXi Xpl[X X kiXmÂ&#x201E;j [\ cfj gifg`fj j\im`Z`fj [\c Z\ekif jXe`kXi`f f ZfekXZkXe[f Zfe cfj j\im`Z`fj jfZ`Xc\j% Ef jÂ&#x201E; j` jXY\j hl\ \c /' [\ cXj dla\i\j ef [\eleZ`X \jkXj X^i\j`fe\j% <j le gfiZ\ekXa\ dlp \c\mX[f# Âśef Zi\\j6 J` [\Z`[\ [\eleZ`Xi gl\[\ jfc`Z`kXi cX ccXdX[X fi[\e [\ gifk\ZZ`Â?e [\ cXj mÂ&#x2C6;Zk`dXj [\ cX m`fc\eZ`X [fdÂ&#x201E;jk`ZX# p j\ i\Zfd`\e[X _XZ\icf \e [\g\e$ [\eZ`Xj gfc`Z`Xc\j pX hl\ g\id`k\ hl\ \c gifZ\jf g\eXc j\ [\jXiifcc\ gfi cX mÂ&#x2C6;X [\ cfj al`Z`fj i}g`[fj%

Â&#x203A; KiX[lZ`[f1 kfc\iXeZ`X Z\if Xek\ cX m`fc\eZ`X [fdÂ&#x201E;jk`ZX% Â&#x203A; <oXZkf% K\okf \okiXÂ&#x2C6;[f [\ ½CX m`fc\eZ`X [\ ^Â&#x201E;e\if \ogc`ZX[X X d` _`afž# 8dgXif QXZXiÂ&#x201E;j# :Xi\eX <[`kfij# )'', %

` <c d`\[f X cX gi\j`Â?e gXiX

hl\ j\ Xc\a\ [\c X^i\jfi ZlXe[f \ccX XÂ&#x2019;e g`\ejX hl\ cf hl`\i\ p hl\ jXY\ cc\mXicf% ` <c d`\[f X k\e\i hl\ `e`Z`Xi

leX XZZ`�e al[`Z`Xc ZlXe[f ½ef \j gXiX kXekfž% ` <c d`\[f X cX i\XZZ`�e [\c

X^i\jfiÂż

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:* /

ÓY^W

M`fc\eZ`X ZfekiX cX dla\i *

4EõPUEDEõPASARõAõTI CX `ed\ejX dXpfi X [\ cfj X[fc\jZ\ek\j `[\ek`ÔZX leX Xd\eXqX f leX X^i\j` e ] j`ZX Zfdf le `e[`ZX[fi ZcXif [\ m`fc\eZ`X ZfekiX cX dla\i2 j`e \dYXi^f# ZlXe[f \jk\ dXZ_`jdf j\ ZXdlÕX YXaf \c dXekf [\ le gXk\ieXc`jdf gifk\Zkfi# jfe dlZ_fj jfYi\ kf[f Z_`ZXj cfj hl\ XZ\gkXe \jk\ k`gf [\ Xlkfi`[X[% <jkX \j# Xc d\efj# leX [\ cXj ZfeZclj`fe\j [\c \jkl[`f ½;\k\ZkX¾ [\ cX =XZlckX[ [\ Gj`Zfcf^ X [\ cX LE<; p cX =le[XZ` e Dla\i\j# [X[f X ZfefZ\i \c gXjX[f d\j [\ [`Z`\dYi\ p \e \c hl\ gXik`Z`gXife d`c\j [\ a m\e\j \jgX fc\j [\ DX[i`[# 8jkli`Xj# :Xjk`ccX p C\ e# DliZ`X p <oki\dX[liX%

;\dfj le i\gXjf# gl\j# X cX efZ` e [\ m`fc\eZ`X [\ ^ $ e\if% ;\ leX dXe\iX j\eZ`ccX gf[\dfj [\Z`i hl\ _XYcXdfj [\ dXckiXkf# m`fc\eZ`X f XYljf ZlXe[f leX g\ijfeX gXi\aX# dXi`[f f ]Xd`c`Xi # X kiXm j [\ jl ZfdgfikXd`\ekf# gif$ mfZX [X f ] j`Zf f \dfZ`feXc X leX dla\i%

Zfe cfj Xd`^fj p Zfe cX ]Xd`c`X% Gl\[\ cc\^Xi le dfd\ekf \e \c hl\ cX m Zk`dX [\Z`[X XlkfX`j$ cXij\ gXiX ef \e]li\Z\i Xc hl\ cX dXckiXkX p ef gfe\ij\ \e \m`$ [\eZ`X [\cXek\ [\ cfj [\d}j%

Cfj dXcfj kiXkfj gl\[\e j\i [\ k`gf1

(% =Xj\ [\ k\ej` e1 \e cX hl\

` = j`Zf1 [\j[\ le \dgla e

`ek\eZ`feX[f f leX Yf]\kX[X _XjkX \c \oki\df [\ `ek\ekXi XZXYXi Zfe jl m`[X% ` Gj`Zfc ^`Zf1 jfe cfj `ejlc$ kfj ½\i\j leX qfiiX¾ # cfj [\jgi\Z`fj ½ef mXc\j gXiX eX[X¾ p cXj i`[`Zlc`qXZ`fe\j ½d`iX hl ZXiX [\ `dY Z`c j\ c\ _X gl\jkf¾ % <jk\ k`gf [\ m`fc\eZ`X# hl\ \j d}j [`] Z`c [\ [\c`d`kXi# YljZX cX XelcXZ` e [\ cX g\ijf$ eXc`[X[ [\ cX m Zk`dX% ` J\olXc1 ZlXchl`\i Zfe$

kXZkf j\olXc ef [\j\X[f f le kiXkf [\^iX[Xek\ [\ jl j\of% ` JfZ`Xc1 \c X^i\jfi

`ek\ekX ZfekifcXi cX i\cXZ` e [\ jl gXi\aX

)% =Xj\ [\ X^i\j` e1 j\ cc\^X X ZfdgfikXd`\ekfj \oki\dfj# Zfdf X cfj XYljfj ] j`Zfj# gj`$ Zfc ^`Zfj# j\olXc\j f jfZ`Xc\j Xek\j Z`kX[fj%

*% =Xj\ [\ ZfeZ`c`XZ` e f [\ Xii\$ :Xj` j`\dgi\# \e le Z`Zcf [\ m`fc\eZ`X [\ ^ e\if# j\ jl\c\e [Xi ki\j ]Xj\j1

Zfd`\eqXe cfj `ejlckfj p cXj gi`d\iXj Zfe[lZkXj m`fc\ekXj% <e \jkX gi`d\iX ]Xj\# cX dla\i kf[Xm X Zi\\ hl\ gl\[\ Zfekif$ cXicf# \m`kXe[f _XZ\i cXj ZfjXj hl\ X c c\ dfc\jkXe gfe\ij\ leX ]Xc[X [\dXj`X[f ZfikX# jXcl[Xi X le Xd`^f %

g\ek`d`\ekf1 \c X^i\jfi j\ Xii\$ g`\ek\ [\ jl ZfdgfikXd`\ekf# g`[\ g\i[ e p gifd\k\ hl\ ef mfcm\i} X gXjXi% @eZcljf gl\[\ \oZljXij\ Zfe ]iXj\j Zfdf1 ½_XZ\j hl\ d\ \e]X[\¾# ½j` ef k\ gfikXj\j dXc ef k\ g\^Xi X¾% <jkX ]Xj\# kXdY` e ZfefZ`[X Zfdf cleX [\ d`\c# \ogc`ZX gfi hl cXj dla\i\j X^i\[`[Xj kXi[Xe \e ifdg\i Zfe cX j`klXZ` e1 cfj g\i f[fj [\ m`fc\eZ`X j\

Xck\ieXe Zfe g\i f[fj [\ Xdfi p X]\Zkf p c\j _XZ\ g\ejXi hl\ ½ZlXe[f ef d\ g\^X# \j Yl\eX g\ijfeX¾% 8 m\Z\j# cX dla\i e` j`hl`\iX \eZl\ekiX Xgfpf Xc g\[`i Xpl[X X cfj ]Xd`c`Xi\j f Xd`jkX[\j# pX hl\ c\ hl`kXe `dgfikXeZ`X X cf fZlii`[f f ef gl\[\e \ek\e$ [\icf# gfihl\ Xek\ \c i\jkf [\ cXj g\ijfeXj cX gXi\aX k`\e\ le ZfdgfikXd`\ekf [`jk`ekf Xc hl\ \ccX [\jZi`Y\% J`e \d$ YXi^f# kf[X dla\i hl\ \jk gXjXe[f gfi leX j`klXZ` e Xj jXY\ \e \c ]fe[f hl\ ZX[X [ X `i}e X d}j cfj dfd\ekfj [\ X^i\j` e p X d\efj cfj [\ Xii\g\ek`d`\ekf%

<E 9I<M<

:* /

Ă&#x201C;Y^W B7I I;y7B;I :; 7B7HC7

<jkXj jfe Xc^leXj g`jkXj gXiX [\k\ZkXi \e kl gXi\aX le ZfdgfikXd`\ekf XYlj`mf p gfZf i\jg\klfjf _XZ`X k`1

` IXZ`feXc`qXZ`�e1 ½8 m\Z\j

Â&#x203A; @ek\ekX ZfekifcXi cf hl\ _XZ\j p Zfe hl`Â&#x201E;e mXj% Â&#x203A; :i`k`ZX kl ]fidX [\ m\jk`i gfi `i [\dXj`X[f gifmfZXk`mX% Â&#x203A; <j dlp Z\cfjf% Â&#x203A; Ef c\ ^ljkX hl\ jXc^Xj Zfe klj Xd`^fj e` hl\ \jkÂ&#x201E;j Zfe kl ]Xd`c`X% Â&#x203A; K\ ZfdgXiX Zfe cXj [\d}j% Â&#x203A; Ef i\jg\kX kl fg`e`Â?e \ `ek\ekX `dgfe\ik\ cX jlpX% Â&#x203A; K\ gfe\ X gil\YX% Â&#x203A; 9ljZX Xik`dXÂ&#x152;Xj gXiX k\e\i i\cXZ`fe\j j\olXc\j ZlXe[f ef hl`\i\j% Â&#x203A; ?XZ\ gifd\jXj [\ ZXdY`f hl\ eleZX cc\^X X Zldgc`i%

k\e^f hl\ j\i Ă&#x201D;id\ Zfe \ccX# g\if jÂ&#x201E; ZfekifcXid\ž%

J` \jkfj ZfdgfikXd`\ekfj jfe _XY`klXc\j p ZfejkXek\j# [\Y\iÂ&#x2C6;Xj gcXek\Xik\ \e j\i`f j` ef \jkXi}j jXc`\e[f Zfe le dXckiXkX[fi%

` Gifp\ZZ`�e1 ½CX ZlcgX \j [\

P gfi j` k\ hl\[X Xc^leX [l[X# k\e \e Zl\ekX hl\Âż

EF 8JLD<E C8 I<8C@;8; <j kÂ&#x2C6;g`Zf [\ cX ]fidX [\ XZklXi [\c X^i\jfi aljk`Ă&#x201D;ZXi jlj XZkfj Zfe d\ZXe`jdfj [\ [\]\ejX dlp ZfefZ`[fj \e gj`Zfcf^Â&#x2C6;X1 ` E\^XZ`Â?e1 ½Pf ef _\ _\Z_f

eX[X# ef cX kfhlÂ&#x201E;ž% ` D`e`d`qXZ`Â?e1 ½Jfcf cX XgXikÂ&#x201E;

gXiX hl\ d\ [\aXiX \e gXqž%

\ccX# hl\ d\ gifmfZXž% ` ;\jm`XZ`�e1 ½<c gifYc\dX \j

hl\ \jkfp j`e kiXYXafž%

Â&#x203A; <jkf \j Xc^f hl\ fZlii\ \e kf[fj cfj ^ilgfj jfZ`Xc\j% Cfj hl\ dXckiXkXe ef jfe jfcf g\ijfeXj [\ Zfc\Zk`mfj dXi^`eXc\j e` k`\e\e gfi hlÂ&#x201E; j\i \e]\idfj d\ekXc\j# XcZf_Â?c`Zfj f [if^X[`Zkfj%

Â&#x203A; :lXchl`\i dla\i gl\[\ j\i mÂ&#x2C6;Zk`dX [\ dXcfj kiXkfj# Zfe `e[\g\e[\eZ`X [\ jl \[X[# gif]\j`Â?e# `[\fcf$ ^Â&#x2C6;X f e`m\c ZlckliXc%

` 8de\j`X1 ½Ef gl\[f i\Zfi[Xi

j` cc\^lÂ&#x201E; X g\^Xic\ž%

Â&#x203A; <c _fdYi\ hl\ dXckiXkX g`\ejX hl\ cX dla\i c\ g\ik\e\Z\ \e \oZclj`mX# p kiXkX [\ \[lZXicX p [\ Zfii\$

<;L:8I <E C8 @>L8C;8;

Â&#x203A; <c dXckiXkf# X[\d}j [\ Xk\ekXi ZfekiX cX [`^e`[X[ p cX `ek\^i`[X[ [\ cXj g\ijfeXj# \j le [\c`kf hl\ cX

^`icX gXiX hl\ ZldgcX \c gXg\c hl\ c\ Xj`^eX%

jfZ`\[X[ [\Y\ ZfefZ\i%

CX \[lZXZ`Â?e \j ]le[Xd\ekXc gXiX i\[lZ`i cX m`fc\eZ`X ZfekiX cXj dla\i\j% Cfj \og\ikfj \e cX dXk\i`X `eZ`[\e \e hl\ [liXek\ cX `e]XeZ`X \j `dgfikXek\ hl\ e`Â&#x152;fj p e`Â&#x152;Xj \ejXp\e [`jk`ekfj ifc\j p j`klXZ`fe\j# hl\ Xgi\e$ [Xe cXj _XY`c`[X[\j [fdÂ&#x201E;jk`ZXj e\Z\jXi`Xj gXiX cX XlkfefdÂ&#x2C6;X p hl\ j\gXe \ogi\jXi jlj j\e$ k`d`\ekfj i\Â&#x2C6;i# ccfiXi# dfj$ kiXi ZXi`Â&#x152;f# i\Y\cXij\Âż % <e cX X[fc\jZ\eZ`X# X[\d}j# \j `dgfikXek\ hl\ i\Z`YXe leX fi`\ekXZ`Â?e j\olXc ef j\o`jkX p leX \[lZXZ`Â?e X]\Zk`mf$j\$ olXc hl\ cfj Xpl[\ X m`m`i cXj i\cXZ`fe\j XdfifjXj [\ ]fidX gcXZ\ek\iX \ `^lXc`kXi`X%

5 G8I8 J89<I DĂ?J

G}^`eX n\Y [\c J\im`qf >Xc\^f [\ @^lXc[X[\# nnn%olekX%\j&Xlkf&j^`

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:* '&

ÓY^W

M`fc\eZ`X ZfekiX cX dla\i +

z6ERDADõOõMENTIRA <e\if [\c )''-1 fZ_f dla\i\j \jgX fcXj dl\i\e Xj\j`eX[Xj gfi jlj gXi\aXj% J` _XZ\dfj le Z}cZlcf i}g`[f p dlck`gc`ZXdfj cX Z`]iX gfi cfj [fZ\ d\j\j hl\ k`\e\ \c X f¿ \c i\jlckX[f \j \jZXcf]i`Xek\% P cf g\fi [\ kf[f \j hl\ ef _Xp dlZ_f hl\ _XZ\i gXiX \m`kXicf# f hl`q} j % @ej`jk`i leX m\q d}j \e cX e\Z\j`[X[ [\ \[lZXi gXiX cX `^lXc[X[ [\j[\ cfj gi`d\ifj X fj [\ m`[X# [\jk\iiXe[f \jk\i\fk`gfj# ifc\j Xj`^eX[fj p ]XcjXj Zi\\eZ`Xj%

P \j hl\ cX m`fc\eZ`X \e cX gX$ i\aX \jk} if[\X[X [\ gi\al`Z`fj hl\ Zfe[\eXe X cXj dla\i\j p aljk`ÔZXe X cfj _fdYi\j% <jkX \j leX [\ cXj iXqfe\j hl\ jfjk`\e\ cX `e\ogc`ZXYc\ kfc\iXeZ`X jfZ`Xc hl\ X e \o`jk\ Xek\ \jk\ k`gf [\ XZkfj% Gfi \jf gifgfe\dfj [\j$ [\ \jkX j\ZZ` e j\`j d`kfj gXiX [\YXk`i \e \c XlcX% <j gfj`Yc\ hl\

jXc^X cX i\XZZ` e X cX [\]\ej`mX# jfYi\ kf[f gfi gXik\ [\ Xc^ e Z_`Zf# hl\ j`\ekX hl\ _XYcXi [\ \jkfj k\dXj \j Zfdf XgXc\Xi _fdYi\j f _XZ\icfj ZlcgXYc\j% 8ek\ \jkX XZk`kl[# \j i\Zfd\e$ [XYc\ i\Zfi[Xi hl\1 ` CXj \jkX[ jk`ZXj \m`[\eZ`Xe

hl\ \e cX `ed\ejX dXpfi X [\

cfj ZXjfj [\ m`fc\eZ`X [fd jk`ZX cXj m Zk`dXj jfe dla\i\j% ` CX dXpfi X [\ cfj _fdYi\j

ef dXckiXkXe X jlj gXi\aXj% ` Cfj _fdYi\j k`\e\e le `d$

gfikXek\ gXg\c hl\ al^Xi \e cX Y jhl\[X [\ jfclZ`fe\j X \jk\ gifYc\dX%

` Kf[f \c dle[f j\ Y\e\ÔZ`Xi}

[\ leX \jZl\cX p leX jfZ`\[X[ ef m`fc\ekX%

<E 9I<M< Âś<JKĂ?E CF:FJ6 Gl\j ef# cfj _fdYi\j hl\ X^iX[\e X jlj gXi\aXj ef \jk}e \oXZkXd\ek\ cfZfj% CX cfZliX# gfi [\Ă&#x201D;e`Z`Â?e# j`^e`Ă&#x201D;ZX ef k\$ e\i ZfekXZkf Zfe cX i\Xc`[X[# ef [Xij\ Zl\ekX [\ cf hl\ j\ _XZ\# p \jk\ ef \j \c ZXjf [\ \jk\ k`gf [\ g\ijfeXj% Cfj \jg\Z`Xc`jkXj XĂ&#x201D;idXe hl\ jfcf \c , [\ cfj X^i\jfi\j k`\e\e ^iXm\j kiXj$ kfiefj gj`ZfgXkfcÂ?^`Zfj% 8le$ hl\ kXdY`Â&#x201E;e \j m\i[X[ hl\ leX g\ijfeX hl\ e\Z\j`kX X^i\[`i X fkiX gXiX XlkfXĂ&#x201D;idXij\ k`\e\ le j\i`f gifYc\dX% G\if \jf ef j`^e`Ă&#x201D;ZX hl\ ef j\X i\jgfejX$ Yc\ [\ jlj XZkfj%

<E C8 <;L:8:@äE <JKĂ? C8 :C8M< <[lZXi gXiX cX `^lXc[X[ [\j$ [\ cfj gi`d\ifj XÂ&#x152;fj [\ m`[X p X cf cXi^f [\ kf[f \c j`jk\dX \[lZXk`mf% <jk\ \j \c fYa\k`mf [\ cXj le`[X[\j [`[}Zk`ZXj \cXYfiX[Xj gfi 8m\iif\j# cX i\[ k\c\d}k`ZX \[lZXk`mX [\ 8e[XclZÂ&#x2C6;X# hl\ `eZclp\ leX gXik\ k\Â?i`ZX dlp Zfdgc\kX% Fi^Xe`qX[Xj gfi kiXdfj \[l$ ZXk`mfj \[lZXZ`Â?e gi`dXi`X# \[lZXZ`Â?e j\Zle[Xi`X p \[l$ ZXZ`Â?e [\ X[lckfj # jfe dlp Â&#x2019;k`c\j gXiX kiXYXaXi \e \c XlcX p gfe\i \e dXiZ_X Xc^leX [\ cXj XZk`m`[X[\j hl\ gifgfe\% CX [`i\ZZ`Â?e \j1

:* '&

Ă&#x201C;Y^W 7B=KD7I <7BI;:7:;I

( ½Le _fdYi\ ef dXckiXkX gfihl\ jÂ&#x2C6;2 \ccX kXdY`Â&#x201E;e _XYi} _\Z_f Xc^f gXiX gifmfZXicfž%

8lehl\ gXi\qZX d\ek`iX# \j leX [\ cXj Zi\\eZ`Xj d}j XiiX`^X[Xj \e el\jkiX jfZ`\[X[% 8Â&#x2019;e _Xp ^\ek\ hl\ g`\ejX hl\ cX dla\i \j cX i\jgfejXYc\ [\c ZfdgfikXd`\ekf m`fc\ekf [\c _fdYi\2 f# Xc d\efj# hl\ kXekf Â&#x201E;c Zfdf \ccX jfe ZlcgXYc\j gfihl\ ½\ccX kXdY`Â&#x201E;e \j Yl\eX ZlXe[f j\ gfe\ X `ejlckXicfž% CX i\jgl\jkX j`e g\jkXÂ&#x152;\Xi [X[X Xek\ cXj Z}dXiXj [\ k\c\m`j`Â?e gfi le _fdYi\ hl\ [\]\e[Â&#x2C6;X jl ZfdgfikX$ d`\ekf [\Ă&#x201D;e\ dlp Y`\e \jkX j`klXZ`Â?e 1 ½Pf ef c\ g\^fÂż X ef j\i hl\ d\ gifmfhl\ž% ) ½J` leX dla\i dXckiXkX[X ef XYXe[feX X jl gXi\aX# cX ZlcgX \j [\ \ccX gfi ef _XZ\i eX[X gfi

\m`kXicfž% CXj iXqfe\j gfi cXj hl\ leX mÂ&#x2C6;Zk`dX [\Z`[\ j\^l`i Zfem`m`\e[f Zfe jl X^i\jfi gl\[\e j\i dlZ_Xj% Gfi \a\dgcf# gfihl\ Zi\\ hl\ \e \c ]fe[f jl gXi\aX cX hl`\i\ p Zfdg\ejX j\^l`i `ek\ek}e[fcf2 f gfihl\ \e \c ]fe[f \ccX j\ Zfej`[\iX ZlcgXYc\# p g`\ejX hl\ j` j\ gfikX Y`\e ef _XYi} d}j X^i\j`fe\j2 f gfi d`\[f X hl\ j` j\ j\gXiX cX X^i\[X [\ ^iXm\[X[ f `eZcljf cX dXk\2 gfihl\ Zi\\ hl\ \j `dgfj`Yc\ m`m`i j`e Â&#x201E;c2 gfi m\i^Â&#x2022;\eqXÂż * ½:lXe[f _Xp e`Â&#x152;fj# \j gi\]\i`Yc\ X^lXekXi _XjkX hl\ cfj _`afj Zi\qZXež%

<jkX \j fkiX [\ cXj iXqfe\j gfi cXj hl\ Xc^leXj ef XYXe[feXe cX ZXjX% J`e \dYXi^f# j\i k\jk`^fj [\ m`fc\eZ`X [fdÂ&#x201E;jk`ZX k`\e\ ^iXm\j Zfej\Zl\eZ`Xj jfYi\ \c Y`\e\jkXi \dfZ`feXc p cX g\ijfeXc`[X[ [\ cfj e`Â&#x152;fj# j`e fcm`[Xi hl\ cX d`kX[ [\ cfj mXife\j hl\ dXckiXkXe X jlj gXi\aXj kXdY`Â&#x201E;e X^iX[\e X jlj _`afj \ _`aXj% <e [\Ă&#x201D;e`k`mX# Xek\ cX m`fc\eZ`X# cX fgZ`Â?e d}j i\jgfejXYc\ \j Xc\aXi X cfj _`afj [\ \jX j`klXZ`Â?e% + ½Cfj _fdYi\j hl\ dXckiXkXe cf _XZ\e gfihl\ k`\e\e gifYc\dXj Zfe \c XcZf_fc l fkiXj [if^Xjž%

8jÂ&#x2C6; j\ jl\c\e aljk`Ă&#x201D;ZXi dlZ_fj dXckiXkX[fi\j# gXiX \m`kXi _XZ\ij\ i\jgfejXYc\j [\ jlj XZkfj% 8lehl\ \j Z`\ikf hl\ \c Zfejldf \oZ\j`mf [\ XcZf_fc \j ]i\Zl\ek\ \e \jkXj g\ijfeXj# ef gl\[\ Zfej`[\iXij\ le \o`d\ek\% Jfcf _Xp hl\ g\ejXi \e cfj XZZ`[\ek\j [\ ki}Ă&#x201D;Zf# \e cfj hl\ cX `e^\jkX [\ XcZf_fc \j le X^iXmXek\% , ½CX m`fc\eZ`X [fdÂ&#x201E;jk`ZX ef \j gXiX kXekf# jfe ZXjfj X`jcX[fj% 8[\d}j# cf hl\ fZlii\ [\ekif [\

cX gXi\aX \j le Xjlekf gi`mX[f p eX[`\ k`\e\ [\i\Z_f X d\k\ij\ž% Cfj ZXjfj hl\ XgXi\Z\e \e cfj d\[`fj [\ Zfdle`ZXZ`Â?e jfe jfcf leX g\hl\Â&#x152;X gXik\ [\ cX i\Xc`[X[1 j\ ZXcZlcX hl\ jfcf j\ [\eleZ`X \c (' [\ cXj j`klXZ`fe\j% P ef \j le Xjlekf gi`mX[f# j`ef le Xk\ekX[f ZfekiX cX c`Y\ikX[ p cX j\^li`[X[ [\ cXj g\ijfeXj% Cfj [\c`kfj aXd}j jfe Zl\jk`fe\j gi`mX[Xj# p d\efj XÂ&#x2019;e ZlXe[f cXj mÂ&#x2C6;Zk`dXj# gfi cX iXqÂ?e hl\ j\X# ef \jk}e ZXgXZ`kX[Xj gXiX [\]\e[\ij\% - ½CX m`fc\eZ`X [fdÂ&#x201E;jk`ZX jfcf fZlii\ \e ]Xd`c`Xj j`e \[lZXZ`Â?e f Zfe gfZfj i\Zlijfj \ZfeÂ?d`$

Zfjž% Ef \j Z`\ikf% <j le ]\eÂ?d\ef hl\ j\ [X \e kf[Xj cXj ZXgXj jfZ`Xc\j p \ZfeÂ?d`ZXj% CX [`]\i\eZ`X jl\c\ \jkXi \e \c k`gf [\ m`fc\eZ`X hl\ j\ \a\iZ\ p \e cXj jXc`[Xj hl\ j\ [X X \jkX j`klXZ`Â?e1 cXj dla\i\j Zfe j`klXZ`fe\j jfZ`Xc\j d}j XZfdf[X[Xj j\ j`\ek\e d}j gi\j`feX[Xj gXiX dXek\e\i \c j\Zi\kf p ef [XÂ&#x152;Xi jl `dX^\e p cX [\ jl gXi\aX%

_kkg1&&nnn%alekX[\Xe[XclZ`X%\j& Xm\iif\j&glYc`ZXZ`fe&m`fc\eZ`XV ^\e\if%g_g*

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

<?9>7

:+ %DUCACIÃ&#x20AC;Nõ EMOCIONALõ YõTOMAõDEõ DECISIONES <c ZfeZ\gkf [\ `ek\c`^\eZ`X _X ZXdY`X[f% ?XjkX _XZ\ gfZf# fYk\e\i gleklXZ`fe\j XckXj \e cfj k\jk gj`ZfdÂ&#x201E;ki`Zfj f dfjkiXi dlZ_X ]XZ`c`[X[ gXiX \c Z}cZlcf \iXe [Xkfj jlÃ&#x201D;Z`\ek\j gXiX ZXc`Ã&#x201D;ZXi X leX g\ijfeX [\ `ek\c`^\ek\% ?fp \e [Â&#x2C6;X kXdY`Â&#x201E;e j\ mXcfiXe fkifj Xjg\Zkfj# Zfdf \c [\ j\i ZXgXq [\ Zfdle`ZXij\ Zfe cfj [\d}j p [\ [`j]ilkXi Xc _XZ\icf# jXY\i jfclZ`feXi ZfeÃ&#x2022;`Zkfj `ek\ig\ijfeXc\j f k\e\i _XY`c`[X[\j gXiX i\Xc`qXi leX kfdX [\ [\Z`j`fe\j \]\Zk`mX% <j cX ccXdX[X `ek\c`^\eZ`X \dfZ`feXc¿ cX ^iXe fcm`[X[X [\ cX \jZl\cX%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:+ '

ÓY^W

?XY`c`[X[\j jfZ`Xc\j (

,ASõOTRASõINTELIGENCIAS FYk\e\i le Xckf ZfZ`\ek\ `ek\c\ZklXc \e cfj k\jkj gj`Zfd ki`Zfj# [fd`eXi cfj ZfefZ`d`\ekfj Z`\ek ÔZfj f k\e\i dlZ_X ]XZ`c`[X[ Zfe cXj dXk\d}k`ZXj ef jfe [Xkfj jlÔZ`\ek\j gXiX ZXc`ÔZXi X leX g\ijfeX [\ `ek\c`^\ek\% ?fp \e [ X j\ Zfej`[\iX d}j `dgfikXek\ hl\ kf[f \jf j\i ZXgXq [\ Zfdle`ZXij\ Zfe cfj [\d}j p [\ [`j]ilkXi Xc _XZ\icf# jXY\i jfclZ`feXi ZfeÕ`Zkfj `ek\ig\ijfeXc\j ZlXe[f jli^\e p k\e\i _XY`c`[X[\j gXiX X[XgkXij\ Xc gifg`f \ekfief% Jfe cfj fkifj k`gfj [\ `ek\c`^\eZ`X%

G\if \Z_\dfj cX m`jkX Xki}j% ;\j[\ ÔeXc\j [\c j`^cf O@O# \e FZZ`[\ek\ `dg\iXYX \c ZfeZ\gkf [\ cX d\[`[X e`ZX# Zfdf \c ]XZkfi > f \c ZfZ`\ek\ `ek\c\ZklXc# Zfdf gi\[`Zkfi\j `e]Xc`Yc\j [\c o`kf XZX[ d`Zf [\ cfj \jZfcXi\j% GXjX[fj cfj X fj# \c j\ek`[f Zfd e `YX [\dfjkiXe[f hl\ ef j`\dgi\ leX XckX `ek\c`^\e$ Z`X Zfii\cXZ`feXYX Zfe \c o`kf X fkifj e`m\c\j1 _Xp hl`\e j`e Xg\eXj \jkl[`fj e` ^iXe[\j Zfdg\k\eZ`Xj `ek\c\ZklXc\j ki`le]X \e kf[f Xhl\ccf hl\ j\ gifgfe\ \e cX m`[X2 d`\ekiXj hl\ jfe dlZ_Xj cXj g\ijfeXj Yi`ccXek\j X e`m\c `ek\c\ZklXc hl\ ef XZXYXe [\ \eZfekiXi jl j`k`f \e cX \j]\iX g\ijfeXc f gif]\j`feXc% <ekfeZ\j cc\^Xife cfj X fj fZ_\ekX# p Zfe \ccfj cXj k\fi Xj [\ cXj `ek\c`^\eZ`Xj d ck`gc\j# Zfdf cX gifgl\jkX gfi ?fnXi[ >Xi[e\i% J\^ e c# \o`jk\e j\`j k`gfj [\ `ek\c`^\eZ`Xj Y}j`ZXj

hl\ j\ le\e gXiX ]fidXi le kf[f p \jk}e gi\j\ek\j# \e dX$ pfi f d\efi d\[`[X# \e kf[Xj cXj g\ijfeXj% Jfe \jkXj1

(% @ek\c`^\eZ`X XYjkiXZkX1 j\ i\Ô\$ i\ Xc iXqfeXd`\ekf j`dY c`Zf# X cX ZXgXZ`[X[ Zf^e`k`mX# Xc ]Xdfjf ZfZ`\ek\ `ek\c\ZklXc%

)% @ek\c`^\eZ`X gi}Zk`ZX1 _XZ\ Xclj` e X cX ZXgXZ`[X[ [\ Ylj$ ZXij\ cX m`[X gXiX \eZfekiXi jfclZ`fe\j gi}Zk`ZXj p j\eZ`ccXj X gifYc\dXj Zfdgc\afj%

*% @ek\c`^\eZ`X \jk k`ZX1 cX ZXgX$ Z`[X[ [\ Zi\Xi p [`j]ilkXi [\ cX d j`ZX# \c [`Ylaf# \c [`j\ f f cX c`k\iXkliX%

jl Zffg\iXZ` e \e cX Zfej\Zl$ Z` e [\ gifp\Zkfj%

-% @ek\c`^\eZ`X \dfZ`feXc1 \j cX +% @ek\c`^\eZ`X Z`e\jk j`ZX1 jfe cXj _XY`c`[X[\j i\cXZ`feX[Xj Zfe \c [fd`e`f ZfigfiXc# Zfdf kf[f cf i\cXZ`feX[f Zfe \c [\gfik\# cX [XeqX f \c YX`c\%

,% @ek\c`^\eZ`X jfZ`Xc1 \j cX ZXgX$ Z`[X[ [\ i\cXZ`feXij\ Zfe o`kf Zfe cfj [\d}j p [\ Zfej\^l`i

ZXgXZ`[X[ [\ gfe\i \e gi}Zk`ZX _XY`c`[X[\j hl\ Xpl[\e X m`m`i \e Xidfe X Zfe lef d`jdf p Zfe \c \ekfief% <jk\ gcXek\Xd`\ekf# d}j Zfd$ gc\kf# j\ Zfii\jgfe[\ Zfe cfj \e]fhl\j df[\iefj [\ cX `ek\c`^\eZ`X% <e cXj gi o`dXj

ÔZ_Xj XYfi[Xi\dfj# jfYi\ kf[f# cX `ek\c`^\eZ`X jfZ`Xc p cX `ek\c`^\eZ`X \dfZ`feXc1 cXj [fj ^iXe[\j fcm`[X[Xj [\ el\jkif j`jk\dX \[lZXk`mf%

<E 9I<M<

C8 =8D@C@8 <J =LE;8D<EK8C CX ZXgXZ`[X[ [\ m`m`i p dXe\aXi cXj \dfZ`fe\j j\ Xgi\e[\ [\j$ [\ cX `e]XeZ`X% Gfi \jf cX ]Xd`c`X \j cX gi`eZ`gXc i\jgfejXYc\ \e [\jXiifccXi cX `ek\c`^\eZ`X \df$ Z`feXc [\ cfj e`Â&#x152;fj% Cfj _`afj [\ gX[i\j hl\ _Xe Zlck`mX[f Y`\e cXj \dfZ`fe\j jfe d}j jfZ`XYc\j# d}j ]\c`Z\j \ `eZcljf d\afi\j \jkl[`Xek\j# Xc dXi$ ^\e [\ hl\ jl fkiX `ek\c`^\eZ`X# cX cÂ?^`ZX# ef j\X Yi`ccXek\% Gfi \c ZfekiXi`f# \e XdY`\ek\j ]X$ d`c`Xi\j [fe[\ ef j\ dXe\aXe Y`\e cXj \dfZ`fe\j# cfj e`Â&#x152;fj jfe d}j `e]\c`Z\j# `ekfc\iXek\j X cX ]iljkiXZ`Â?e p Zfe k\e[\eZ`X X gX[\Z\i [`m\ijfj kiXjkfiefj \dfZ`feXc\j1 `ej\^li`[X[\j# ]fY`Xj f Xej`\[X[%

:+ '

Ă&#x201C;Y^W

JE:E BE GK; H;7BC;DJ; D;9;I?JE I78;H BE 7FH;D:Ă&#x; ;D ;B F7HLKB7H?E Cf hl\ Zfd\eqÂ? j`\e[f leX j\eZ`ccX c`jkX [\ gifgl\jkXj jfYi\ ZÂ?df m`m`i \e XidfeÂ&#x2C6;X Zfe \c dle[f j\ Zfem`ik`Â?# X Ă&#x201D;eXc\j [\ cfj XÂ&#x152;fj /'# \e kf[f le ½Y\jk$j\cc\iž [\ Â&#x201E;o`kf% <c \ejXp`jkX IfY\ik =lc^_ld ]l\ \c Xlkfi [\ ½Kf[f cf hl\ i\Xcd\ek\ e\Z\j`kf jXY\i cf Xgi\e[Â&#x2C6; \e \c gXimlcXi`fž# \jZi`kf X Ă&#x201D;eXc\j [\ cfj XÂ&#x152;fj /' Zfe cX `ek\eZ`Â?e [\ kiXejd`k`i \c j`^l`\ek\ d\ejXa\1 m`m\ \e XidfeÂ&#x2C6;X Zfek`^f d`jdf p Zfe kl \ekfief# p j\i}j ]\c`q%%% ( :fdg}ik\cf kf[f% ) Al\^X c`dg`f% * Ef g\^l\j X cX ^\ek\% + ;\aX cXj ZfjXj [fe[\ cXj \eZfekiXjk\% , C`dg`X cf hl\ \ejlZ`\j% - Ef ZfaXj ZfjXj hl\ ef jfe klpXj% . G`[\ g\i[Â?e ZlXe[f _XpXj _\Z_f [XÂ&#x152;f X Xc^l`\e% / C}mXk\ cXj dXefj Xek\j [\ Zfd\i 0 K`iX [\ cX ZX[\eX% (' CXj ^Xcc\kXj ZXc`\ek\j p cX c\Z_\ ]iÂ&#x2C6;X k\ j`\ekXe Y`\e% (( Cc\mX leX m`[X \hl`c`YiX[X1 Xgi\e[\ le gfZf# g`\ejX le gfZf# [`YlaX# g`ekX# ZXekX# YX`cX# al\^X p kiXYX$

D<EFJ G8C89I8J P DĂ?J ><JKFJ ;Xe`\c >fc\dXe# \c ]Xdfjf [`mlc^X[fi [\ cX k\fiÂ&#x2C6;X [\ cX `ek\c`^\eZ`X \dfZ`feXc# i\Zf$ efZ\ hl\ ef \o`jk\e gil\YXj \jkXe[Xi`qX[Xj Ă&#x201D;XYc\j gXiX d\[`i cX ccXdX[X ZXgXZ`[X[ \dfZ`feXc :% <% hl\ j\ gl\$ [Xe \hl`gXiXi X cXj hl\ d`[\e \c ZfZ`\ek\ `ek\c\ZklXc :%@% % 8 g\jXi [\ \ccf# ZX[X m\q \j d}j ]i\Zl\ek\ hl\ \e cfj gifZ\jfj [\ j\c\ZZ`Â?e [\ g\ijfeXc j\ mXcfi\ d}j cX dX[li\q p cX \jkXY`c`[X[ \dfZ`feXc [\ cfj Xjg`iXek\j hl\ jl ZXgXZ`[X[ Zf^e`k`mX% <e \c ZXjf [\ cX m`[X \e gXi\aX# kXdY`Â&#x201E;e \jk} [\dfjkiX[f hl\ cX gfj`Y`c`[X[ [\ jXc`i X`ifjf [\ leX ]l\ik\ [`jZlj`Â?e [\g\e[\ d}j [\ cX ZXgXZ`[X[ [\ \ogi\jXi p dXe\aXi cfj j\ek`d`\ekfj X kiXmÂ&#x201E;j [\ le Z_`jk\# le Y\jf f leX jfei`jX X k`\dgf hl\ [\c e`m\c [\ XYjkiXZZ`Â?e f [\ Xe}c`j`j `ek\c\ZklXc XcZXeqX[f \e [`Z_X [`jZlj`Â?e%

aX le gfZf kf[fj cfj [Â&#x2C6;Xj% () yZ_Xk\ leX j`\jkX kf[Xj cXj kXi[\j% (* :lXe[f jXc^Xj Xc dle[f# m\ Zfe Zl`[X[f Zfe \c ki}Ă&#x201D;Zf2 m\ [\ cX dXef p ef k\ j\gXi\j% (+ Ef g`\i[Xj [\ m`jkX cf dXiXm`ccfjf% I\Zl\i[X cX j\d`cc`kX \e \c mXjf1 cXj iXÂ&#x2C6;Z\j mXe _XZ`X XYXaf p cX

gcXekX _XZ`X Xii`YX p eX[`\ jXY\ [\ m\i[X[ ZÂ?df e` gfi hlÂ&#x201E;# g\if kf[fj jfdfj XjÂ&#x2C6;% (, Cfj g\Z\Z`kfj# cfj _}djk\i\j# cfj iXkfe\j YcXeZfj \ `eZcljf cX gcXek`kX [\c mXjf1 kf[f dl\i\% Efjfkifj

kXdY`Â&#x201E;e% P \j XjÂ&#x2C6;% (- EleZX fcm`[\j leX [\ cXj gi`d\iXj gXcXYiX hl\ Xgi\e[`jk\# cX d}j `dgfikXek\ [\ kf[Xj# p Zfe cX hl\

d}j k\ \dfZ`feXYXj1 ½¡D`iX ž%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:+ (

ÓY^W

?XY`c`[X[\j jfZ`Xc\j )

$ONõDEõGENTESõ Gfe^Xdfj le ZXjf1 leX g\ijfeX k d`[X# X cX hl\ c\ Zl\jkX dlZ_f i\cXZ`feXij\ Zfe cfj [\d}j# hl`\i\ Xgi\e[\i X jlg\iXij\% GXiX Zfej\^l`icf# cf gi`d\if hl\ k`\e\ hl\ _XZ\i \j X[hl`i`i Xc^leXj _XY`c`[X[\j jfZ`Xc\j Y}j`ZXj# Zfdf `e`Z`Xi leX Zfem\ijXZ` e# dXek\e\i cX d`iX[X f gfe\i leX mfq d}j Ôid\% <jf \j cX `ek\c`^\eZ`X jfZ`Xc% G\if X[\d}j [\Y\i} i\m`jXi jl Xlkf\jk`dX# jl ]XckX [\ ZfeÔXeqX f jlj i\XZZ`fe\j \dfZ`feXc\j ZlXe[f k`\e\ hl\ _XYcXi \e g Yc`Zf% 8 \jkf j\ c\ ccXdX `ek\c`^\eZ`X \dfZ`feXc% CX [`]\i\eZ`X \eki\ leX p fkiX \jk} \e jl [`d\ej` e \ok\ieX# \e \c ZXjf [\ cX gi`d\iX# f \e jl [`d\ej` e `ek\ieX# \e \c ZXjf [\ cX j\^le[X% J\^ e Xc^lefj Xlkfi\j# Zfdf ?fnXi[ >Xi[e\i f BXic 8cYi\Z_k# cfj [fj k`gfj [\ `ek\c`^\eZ`X Zf\o`jk\e p \ogc`ZXe d\afi cfj gXkife\j [\ ZfdgfikXd`\ekf [\c j\i _ldXef hl\ j` j\ kfdXe [\ ]fidX X`jcX[X%

<e ZfeZi\kf# 8cYi\Z_k \jkX$ Yc\Z\ Z`eZf _XY`c`[X[\j hl\ Zfdgfe\e jl k\fi X jfYi\ cX `ek\c`^\eZ`X jfZ`Xc1

(% J\ej`Y`c`[X[ jfZ`Xc% <j cX ZXgXZ`[X[ [\ `ek\igi\kXi \c ZfdgfikXd`\ekf [\ cX ^\ek\# [\ gi\[\Z`i jl ]fidX [\ XZklXi p [\ Zfdgi\e[\i jl \jkX[f [\ }e`df% <j leX \jg\Z`\ [\ iX[Xi jfZ`Xc%

)% Gi\j\eZ`X% <j cX XgXi`\eZ`X [\ leX g\ijfeX \e ZlXekf Xc i\g\ikfi`f [\ j\ Xc\j# m\iYX$ c\j p ef m\iYXc\j# hl\ \d`k\1 gfjkliX# ZXc`[X[ [\ cX mfq# dfm`d`\ekfj# ^\jkfj# d`iX[X# dfm`d`\ekf [\ cXj dXefj# jfei`jX%%%

*% 8lk\ek`Z`[X[% Cfj iX[Xi\j jf$ Z`Xc\j [\ cX ^\ek\ ZXgkXe j\ X$ c\j [\c ZfdgfikXd`\ekf [\ cfj [\d}j hl\ c\j `e]fidXe [\ j` jfe _fe\jkfj# [\ ÔXi# Yl\eX ^\ek\%%% f kf[f cf ZfekiXi`f% <jkfj iX[Xi\j ]leZ`feXe [\j[\ cfj gi`d\ifj X fj [\ m`[X%

+% :cXi`[X[% <j cX ZXgXZ`[X[ gXiX \ogi\jXij\# kiXejd`k`i `[\Xj Zfe e`k`[\q p gi\Z`j` e [\

dXe\iX hl\ cfj [\d}j ZXgk\e \c d\ejXa\%

,% <dgXk X% <j cX ZXgXZ`[X[ [\ Zfej\^l`i le \jkX[f [\ Zfe\$ o` e Zfe fkiX g\ijfeX hl\ ^\$ e\i\ cX YXj\ gXiX cX `ek\iXZZ` e gfj`k`mX p cX Zffg\iXZ` e% CX mXc`[\q [\ \jk\ df[\cf# hl\ jl Xlkfi YXlk`q Zfe \c efdYi\ [\ J%G%8%:%<%# \j j`e [l[X [`jZlk`Yc\% G\if gl\[\ j\im`i Zfdf glekf [\ gXik`[X gXiX i\Õ\o`feXi# gfi \a\dgcf \e cX _fiX [\ Klkfi X# jfYi\ cX `dgfikXeZ`X [\ [fd`eXi cXj _XY`c`[X[\j jfZ`Xc\j X cX _fiX [\ Zfej\^l`i leX Zfem`m\eZ`X gXZ ÔZX% Cf Z`\ikf

\j hl\# \e \c \ekfief \jZfcXi# cX m`[X \dfZ`feXc p jfZ`Xc hl\[X i\c\^X[X Xc }dY`kf g\ijfeXc f ]Xd`c`Xi# Zfdf j` ef \jklm`\iX gi\j\ek\ \e \c XlcX% G\if \jkXj ZXgXZ`[X[\j jfe ]le[Xd\ekX$ c\j gXiX cX m`[X% P# cf d\afi [\ kf[f# j\ Xgi\e[\e

<E 9I<M< <C :Ă?J@:F D<K<G8K8J ½<jk\ k`\e\ \c [fe [\ cX fgfikle`[X[ž% <jkf \j cf hl\ [\Z`dfj# [\ ]fidX `iÂ?e`ZX# Xek\ cXj gXcXYiXj `eXgifg`X[Xj [\ leX g\ijfeX hl\ ef j\ _X gXiX[f X g\ejXi \e \c \]\Zkf hl\ gl\[\ k\e\i jfYi\ Xc^l`\e hl\ c\ \jZlZ_X% <jkX ]XckX [\ j\ej`Y`c`[X[ cX [\Ă&#x201D;e\ <[nXi[ ?Xdgkfe [\ leX ]fidX dlp \ogcÂ&#x2C6;Z`kX1 ½?Xp ^\ek\ hl\ k`\$ e\ le [fe gXiX [\Z`i Xc^f kXe `eXgifg`X[f# [\jZfej`[\iX[f f Yilkf hl\ \j \c \hl`mXc\ek\ jfZ`Xc X \c`d`eXi ^Xj\j \e cX `^c\j`X# \e leX Yf[X f \e le ]le\iXc% Pf c\ ccXdf Ă&#x2022;Xklc\eZ`X jfZ`Xcž%

;FD@E8I CFJ J@C<E:@FJ 8 m\Z\j j\ Zfej`^l\ d}j [`$ Z`\e[f d\efj% Le m\e[\[fi _XY`c`[fjf jXY\ Zl}e[f [\Y\ [\aXi [\ _XYcXi gXiX g\id`k`i hl\ \c Zc`\ek\ kfd\ jl [\Z`j`Â?e [\ ZfdgiXi j`e j\ek`ij\ X^f$ Y`X[f f gi\j`feX[f% KXdY`Â&#x201E;e _Xp dfd\ekfj \e cfj hl\ \j `ek\i\jXek\ ZXccXij\ gXiX fYc`$ ^Xi X cX fkiX g\ijfeX X jXZXi kf[f cf hl\ cc\mX [\ekif% <jkf cf jXY\ Y`\e \c cfZlkfi [\ iX$ [`f p k\c\m`j`Â?e A\jÂ&#x2019;j Hl`ek\$ if# ]Xdfjf gfi jlj ^iXe[\j p Xki\m`[fj j`c\eZ`fj X cX _fiX [\ _XZ\i \eki\m`jkXj% ½Ef _XYc\j X d\efj hl\ gl\[Xj d\afiXi \c j`c\eZ`fž# gf[iÂ&#x2C6;X j\i jl c\dX%

:+ (

Ă&#x201C;Y^W

=KĂ&#x;7 :;B F;H<;9JE 7DJ?FĂ&#x153;J?9E Cfj ccXdX[fj ½ZfdgfikXd`\ekfj kÂ?o`Zfjž _XZ\e hl\ cfj [\d}j j\ j`\ekXe [\mXclX[fj# ]li`fjfj# ]iljkiX$ [fj f ZlcgXYc\j% Gfi \c ZfekiXi`f# cfj ½ZfdgfikXd`\ekfj elki`k`mfjž gifmfZXe hl\ cfj [\d}j j\ j`\ekXe mXcfiX[fj# ZXgXZ\j# hl\i`[fj p i\jg\kX[f% CXj g\ijfeXj [\ \c\mX[X `ek\c`^\eZ`X jfZ`Xc# hl\ dl\jkiXe Zfe[lZkXj elki`k`mXj# j\ ml\cm\e XkiXZk`mfj# ZXj` dX^eÂ&#x201E;k`Zfj# gXiX cfj [\d}j% Aljkf cf ZfekiXi`f [\ cf hl\ c\j fZlii\ X cfj [\ `ek\c`^\eZ`X jfZ`Xc YXaX1 cfj [\d}j _lp\e [\ jl ZfdgXÂ&#x152;Â&#x2C6;X Zfdf [\ cX g\jk\% :lXchl`\i g\ijfeX efidXc# \e le dfd\ekf l fkif [\c [Â&#x2C6;X# gl\[\ \og\i`d\ekXi i\XZZ`fe\j [\ ZlXchl`\iX [\ cfj [fj k`gfj% J\ kiXkX [\ `ek\ekXi# \e cX d\[`[X [\ cf gfj`Yc\# Xld\ekXi cXj Zfe[lZkXj d}j ZfejkilZk`$ mXj p [`jd`el`i cXj d}j [\jkilZk`mXj f efZ`mXj gXiX el\jkiX jXcl[%%% p cX [\ cfj [\d}j%

:FDGFIK8D@<EKFJ KäO@:FJ

:FDGFIK8D@<EKFJ ELKI@K@MFJ

Â&#x203A; Cc\mXi j`\dgi\ cX ZfekiXi`X%

Â&#x203A; DfjkiXij\ [\ XZl\i[f ZlXe[f \j gfj`Yc\%

Â&#x203A; Hl\aXij\ \e \oZ\jf# dfjkiXij\ `e[`^eX[f%

Â&#x203A; 8gfikXi jfclZ`fe\j%

Â&#x203A; G\i[\i cfj e\im`fj Zfe ]XZ`c`[X[%

Â&#x203A; :fej\imXi cX ZXcdX `eZcljf \e cXj j`klXZ`fe\j k\ejXj

Â&#x203A; CXeqXi glccXj%

Â&#x203A; 9ifd\Xi [\ dXe\iX ZfejkilZk`mX%

Â&#x203A; ?XZ\i [\jX`i\j ef m\iYXc\j%

Â&#x203A; F]i\Z\i Xgfpf Zfe \c c\e^lXa\ ef m\iYXc d`iX[X# jfei`jX%%% %

Â&#x203A; DfjkiXij\ Zfe[\jZ\e[`\ek\ f gXk\ieXc%

Â&#x203A; KiXkXi Xc i\jkf [\ cXj g\ijfeXj Zfdf X `^lXc\j%

Â&#x203A; 8cXi[\Xi# dXiZXi [`]\i\eZ`Xj [\ \jkXklj%

Â&#x203A; F]i\Z\i Z\iZXeÂ&#x2C6;X%

Â&#x203A; Dfefgfc`qXi cX Zfem\ijXZ`Â?e%

Â&#x203A; :fdgXik`i cX ZlfkX [\ gXekXccX%

Â&#x203A; @ek\iildg`i X cfj [\d}j Zfe ]i\Zl\eZ`X%

Â&#x203A; <jZlZ_Xi X cfj [\d}j _XjkX \c Ă&#x201D;eXc%

Â&#x203A; 8kXZXi f Zi`k`ZXi [\ ]fidX X^i\j`mX Xek\ cfj

Â&#x203A; :fe]ifekXij\ X cXj fg`e`fe\j [\ cfj fkifj [\ ]fidX

[\jXZl\i[fj%

ZfejkilZk`mX%

Â&#x203A; ;Xi Zfej\afj X cfj [\d}j j`e hl\ j\ cf g`[Xe%

Â&#x203A; F]i\Z\i `e]fidXZ`Â?e \ `[\Xj%

Â&#x203A; JfckXi `[\Xj j`e g\ejXi%

Â&#x203A; 8gcXqXi \c al`Z`f# i\Ă&#x2022;\o`feXi cfj k\dXj%

Â&#x203A; I`[`Zlc`qXi%

Â&#x203A; 8gfpXi X cfj [\d}j# j`dgXk`qXi%

Â&#x203A; <m`kXi cfj Zldgc`[fj X kf[X ZfjkX

Â&#x203A; ?XZ\i Zldgc`[fj j`eZ\ifj ZlXe[f jliaX cX fZXj`Â?e%

Â&#x203A; 9ifd\Xi \e dfd\ekfj `eXgifg`X[fj%

Â&#x203A; Lk`c`qXi \c _ldfi gXiX \c`d`eXi k\ej`Â?e%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:+ )

ÓY^W

?XY`c`[X[\j jfZ`Xc\j *

-ANIPULADORESõYõV»CTIMAS ½K\e Zl`[X[f# \j\ Xd`^f klpf k\ dXe`glcX¾% E` fj p X[fc\jZ\ek\j i\Z`Y\e Zfe ]i\Zl\eZ`X \jkX ZcXj\ [\ X[m\ik\eZ`Xj gfi gXik\ [\ cfj X[lckfj hl\ \e ^\e\iXc j\ Zi\\e# [\ ]fidX `e^\elX# X jXcmf [\ \jk\ k`gf [\ j`klXZ`fe\j% CXj g\ijfeXj dXe`glcX[fiXj jfe Xhl\ccXj hl\ \e]fZXe jlj i\cXZ`fe\j jfZ`Xc\j gXiX Zfej\^l`i `eÕl`i \e cfj [\d}j f gXiX fYk\e\i [\k\id`eX[fj Y\e\ÔZ`fj% 8gi\e[\i X cfZXc`qXicXj p ZfefZ\i jl ]fidX [\ XZklXi \j cX e`ZX dXe\iX [\ \m`kXi j\i \c YcXeZf [\ jlj gcXe\j% ?XZ\ Xc^lefj lefj X fj# \c gj`Z cf^f <i`Z 9\ie\ i\Xc`q le `ek\i\jXek\ \jkl[`f jfYi\ cfj al\^fj d\ekXc\j# cX dX$ e`glcXZ` e `ek\ig\ijfeXc p cXj clZ_Xj [\ gf[\i# X cfj hl\ ccXd al\^fj kiXejXZZ`feXc\j1 le i\g\ikfi`f [\ `ek\iZXdY`fj m\iYXc\j \eki\ [fj g\ijfeXj gfi \c hl\ leX [\ \ccXj `ek\ekX fYk\e\i leX m`Zkfi`X gj`Zfc ^`$ ZX jfYi\ cX fkiX% J\^ e \jkX k\fi X# ZX[X g\ijf$ eX X[fgkX leX gfj`Z` e [`jk`e$ kX Xek\ jl `ek\icfZlkfi# j\^ e hl`\iX dXiZXi leX l fkiX ]fidX [\ i\cXZ` e1 [\ gf[\i# [\ `^lXc$ [X[ f [\ jld`j` e# cf hl\ j\ kiX[lZ\ \e cX Ô^liX [\c GX[i\# [\c 8[lckf p [\c E` f%

hl\ jl `ek\icfZlkfi \jZfaX cX XZk`kl[ [\ ?`af2 g\if j` \jk\ c\ i\jgfe[\ Zfe XZk`kl[ [\ 8[lckf# \j gifYXYc\ hl\ jliaX \c ZfeÕ`Zkf% Lef [\ cfj al\^fj hl\ `[\e$ k`ÔZ j\ ZfefZ\ Zfe cXj j`^cXj KGJD# hl\ j`^e`ÔZXe ½K\ g`cc # jf dXd e¾% :fej`jk\ \e hl\ leX g\ijfeX j\ m\e^X [\ fkiX lk`c`qXe[f Xc^leX g\hl\ X [\iifkX Xek\i`fi% J\ _XZ\ \e ki\j gXjfj1

(% <c ^XeZ_f1 \j cX f]\ikX hl\ \c dXe`glcX[fi _XZ\ gXiX al^Xi# \j le Z\Yf \em\e\eX[f gXiX `em`kXi X gXik`Z`gXi \e cX Zfe$ m\ijXZ` e%

)% CX XZ\gkXZ` e# f i\jgl\jkX ` CX g\ijfeX hl\ _XYcX Zfdf

GX[i\ j\ Zfej`[\iX Zfe cX ]fidXZ` e p \c [\i\Z_f X \eal`Z`Xi# \mXclXi# j\ek\eZ`Xi# fi[\eXi# XZfej\aXi# Xd\eXqXi# X[m\ik`i f gifk\^\i%

`efZ\ek\ [\ cX fkiX gXik\# hl\ j\ [`jgfe\ X i\jZXkXi# Xgf$ pXi f ZfejfcXi Xc al^X[fi hl\ c\ _XZ\ cX f]\ikX%

` CX gfj`Z` e [\c E` f \j cX

*% <c ^fcg\# f ml\cZf i\g\ek`$

[\ g\[`i gifk\ZZ` e# Xpl[X# Zfejl\cf p fi`\ekXZ` e%

ef# hl\ _XZ\ hl\ cX m Zk`dX j\ j`\ekX dXc%

` CX XZk`kl[ [\c 8[lckf \j cX [\

M\Xdfj le \a\dgcf \e \c XlcX# \eki\ [fj XcldeXj1

X]ifekXi cX i\Xc`[X[# [\ Zl\j$ k`feXicX# XeXc`qXicX p XZklXi jfYi\ \ccX% <c hl\ X[fgkX cX XZk`kl[ [\ GX[i\# gfi \a\dgcf# \o`^\

` MXe\jjX1 D\ \eZXekXi X

mfcm\i X cX [`jZfk\ZX \e cX hl\ \jklm`dfj \c fkif [ X# ]l\ jlg\i[`m\ik`[f%

` Lo X1 MXc\# j` hl`\i\j mfcm\$

` Gif]\jfi (1 ?XYi X hl\ _XZ\i

dfj \c m`\ie\j# d\ Xg\k\Z\ le dfek e%

Xc^f Zfe \jkfj e` fj hl\ m`\e\e [\c \okiXea\if p ef j\ \ek\iXe [\ eX[X# \j leX g\eX%

` MXe\jjX1 Ef# _`aX# ef2 Zfdf

Zfdgi\e[\i}j ef k\e^f [`e\$ if gXiX gX^Xi \c gi\Z`f [\ cX \ekiX[X% <c fkif [ X klm\ hl\ `em`kXik\ X kf[f# d\el[f dfiif c\ \Z_Xj# p d\ _\ hl\[X[f j`e le [lif%

` Fi`\ekX[fi1 J # \jkfp [\ XZl\i$

[f# gf[i Xdfj fi^Xe`qXi lefj ^ilgfj [\ Xgfpf _XjkX hl\ X[hl`\iXe cXj _XY`c`[X[\j Y}j`ZXj% ` Gif]\jfi (1 8_ ef# Zfed`^f ef

Fkif \a\dgcf# \jkX m\q \e cX jXcX [\ gif]\jfi\j1

Zl\ek\j# fi^Xe qXcf k j` hl`\$ i\j g\if Zfe fkif% Pf k\e^f leX dXcX \og\i`\eZ`X Zfe kf[f \jf hl\ mfjfkifj ccXd}`j Xk\eZ` e X cX [`m\ij`[X[%%% <e i\Xc`[X[# \c al\^f k`\e\ Zfdf fYa\k`mf \eZlY`\ikf Zfej\$ ^l`i hl\ ½\c Z\Yf¾ j\ j`\ekX X [`j^ljkf1 Zfe i\dfi[`d`\e$ kfj# Zfe j\ek`d`\e$ kfj [\ ]iljkiXZ` e# [\ m\i^ \eqX f [\ \e]X$ [f% <c dXe`glcX[fi# efidXc$ d\ek\ Zfe YXaX Xlkf\jk`dX# gXi\Z\ k\e\i \c j`^l`\ek\ c\dX1 ½<c dle[f d\ _X kiXkX[f dXc# p Xc^l`\e mX X gX^Xi gfi \ccf¾% ¶P Z df _Xp hl\ _XZ\i gXiX \m`kXi g`ZXi \c Xeql\cf6 Gl\j dlp j\eZ`ccf# \c e`Zf df[f [\ ^XeXi \j%%% ef al^Xi%

<E 9I<M< <C JĂ E;IFD< ;< C8 :8I8 ;< G@<;I8 J\ ZfefZ\ Zfe \jk\ efdYi\ Xc kiXjkfief gfi \c hl\ leX g\i$ jfeX X[fgkX cX ZXiX [\ g`\[iX Zfdf \ogi\j`Â?e ]XZ`Xc ]Xmfi`kX% Ef jfeiÂ&#x2C6;\ eleZX# Xg\eXj Zfe$ m\ijX p \m`kX ZlXchl`\i j\Â&#x152;Xc [\ \dgXkÂ&#x2C6;X Zfe cfj [\d}j% <c d\ejXa\ hl\ \d`k\ \j1 ½8cÂ&#x201E;aXk\ [\ dÂ&#x2C6;# gfi kl Y`\ež% <jkX XZk`$ kl[ k`\e\ \jg\Z`Xc `eZ`[\eZ`X \eki\ Xc^lefj X^\ek\j [\ gf$ c`ZÂ&#x2C6;X# d`c`kXi\j# dÂ&#x201E;[`Zfj# ]le$ Z`feXi`fj p fkiXj fZlgXZ`fe\j \e cXj hl\ dfjkiXi [\dXj`X[X _ldXe`[X[ Zfdf jfei\Â&#x2C6;i gl\[\ _XZ\ic\j gXi\Z\i mlc$ e\iXYc\j f gfZf gif]\j`feXc\j% <j le d\ZXe`jdf [\ [\]\ejX hl\ \jZfe[\ [\ki}j leX ^iXe [fj`j [\ \jkiÂ&#x201E;j \ `ejXk`j]XZZ`Â?e g\ijfeXc%

:+ )

Ă&#x201C;Y^W

9ĂŁCE C7J7H B7I ?:;7I 7@;D7I <e kf[fj cfj XdY`\ek\j cXYfiXc\j# kXdY`Â&#x201E;e \e \c \[lZXk`mf# \j ]i\Zl\ek\ hl\ j\ [Â&#x201E; leX j`klXZ`Â?e [\ Zfd$ gfikXd`\ekf m\iYXc ½kÂ?o`Zfž Xek\ gifgl\jkXj [\ fkifj ZfdgXÂ&#x152;\ifj [\ kiXYXaf% <jk\ ]\eÂ?d\ef j\ ZfefZ\ Zfdf dXkXi `[\Xj Xa\eXj p j\ kiX[lZ\ \e [\Z`i ZfjXj Zfdf1

Â&#x203A; 8hlÂ&#x2C6; ef ]leZ`feXi} Â&#x203A; PX cf _\dfj `ek\ekX[f Xek\j Â&#x203A; :l\jkX [\dXj`X[f Â&#x203A; <j dlp Zfdgc`ZX[f Â&#x203A; Ef i\jlckX gi}Zk`Zf Â&#x203A; Ef efj cf Xlkfi`qXiÂ&#x2C6;Xe Â&#x203A; Ef k\e\dfj k`\dgf Â&#x203A; Ef c\j ^ljkXi} Â&#x203A; 8hlÂ&#x2C6; jfdfj [`]\i\ek\j Â&#x203A; :fed`^f ef Zl\ek\j Â&#x203A; EleZX cf _\dfj _\Z_f Â&#x203A; Ef \ekiX \e \c gi\jlgl\jkf Â&#x203A; Gl\[\ Zi\Xi ZfeĂ&#x2022;`Zkfj Â&#x203A; :`Â&#x152;}dfefj X cf hl\ pX ZfefZ\dfj Â&#x203A; <j [\dXj`X[f Xii`\j^X[f Â&#x203A; D\afi [\aÂ&#x201E;dfjcf Zfdf \jk} Â&#x203A; GifYXYc\d\ek\ \j `c\^Xc Â&#x203A; 9l\eX `[\X# g\if%%% Â&#x203A; 8 cf d\afi \c XÂ&#x152;f hl\ m`\e\

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:+ *

ÓY^W

?XY`c`[X[\j jfZ`Xc\j +

0ROPIEDADõPRIVADA õPROHIBIDOõPASAR Hl\ Xc^l`\e k\ gXj\ \c YiXqf gfi cfj _fdYifj# ZlXe[f ef _Xp ZfeÔXeqX gXiX \ccf# \j kXe [\jX^iX[XYc\ Zfdf `ek\ekXi \jkXYc\Z\i leX Zfem\ijXZ` e Xd`jkfjX Zfe Xc^l`\e hl\ j\ \dg\ X \e j`klXij\ X leX [`jkXeZ`X [\ [fj d\kifj% :X[X `e[`m`[lf e\Z\j`kX [\ le \jgXZ`f g\ijfeXc gXiX dfm\ij\ c`Yi\d\ek\ j`e j\ek`ij\ dfc\jkX[f gfi cfj [\d}j2 p# Xlehl\ mXi X j\^ e cXj g\ijfeXj# cXj j`klXZ`fe\j p cXj ZlckliXj# ZfefZ\i p i\jg\kXi \jkXj YliYlaXj `dX^`eXi`Xj \j \c gi`d\i gXjf gXiX Zfej\^l`i i\cXZ`feXij\ [\ ]fidX jXk`j]XZkfi`X%

<jkX \j cX \jkilZkliX Y}j`ZX [\ cf hl\ ef j\ m\1

(% CX qfeX g Yc`ZX1 \j cX [`jkXeZ`X Zfe cX hl\ leX g\ijfeX j\ j`\e$ k\ Z df[X Zfe i\jg\Zkf X cfj [\jZfefZ`[fj Zfe cfj hl\ ef k`\e\ `ek\eZ` e [\ `ek\iXZklXi% Gfi \a\dgcf# \e le Z\ekif Zf$ d\iZ`Xc# \e le gXihl\ g Yc`Zf f \e leX k`\e[X%

)% CX qfeX jfZ`Xc1 \j \c \jgXZ`f hl\ j\ dXek`\e\# \e j`klXZ`f$ e\j efidXc\j# \e cX i\cXZ` e Zfe cfj [\jZfefZ`[fj% Gfi \a\dgcf# Zfe \c ]fekXe\if# Zfe \c [\g\e[`\ek\ f Zfe \c el\mf ZfdgX \if [\ ZcXj\%

*% CX qfeX g\ijfeXc1 \j cX qfeX hl\ \jkXYc\Z\ cfj c d`k\j gif$ g`fj [\ ZlXchl`\i `e[`m`[lf# p hl\ j\ \jg\iX hl\ cfj [\d}j i\jg\k\e `eZcljf \e \jgXZ`fj ZfeZlii`[fj% Gfi \a\dgcf# \e Ô\jkXj# i\le`fe\j f XZkfj jfZ`Xc\j%

+% CX qfeX ek`dX1 [\ kf[Xj cXj [`jkXeZ`Xj qfeXc\j \j# [\ c\$ afj# cX d}j `dgfikXek\% <j cX hl\ cX g\ijfeX ^lXi[X Zfdf j` ]l\iX [\ jl gifg`\[X[% <j \jX YliYlaX `em`j`Yc\ hl\ if[\X p kfZX [`i\ZkXd\ek\ \c Zl\igf [\ leX g\ijfeX g\if X cX hl\ jfcf XZZ\[\e cfj d}j ek`dfj% <e \jk\ k\ii`kfi`f# jfcf c\j \jk}

g\id`k`[f \ekiXi X cXj g\ijfeXj \dfZ`feXcd\ek\ d}j Z\iZXeXj1 ]Xd`c`Xi\j# Xd`^fj ek`dfj# gX$ i\aX%%% p dXjZfkXj% G\iifj# ^Xkfj p _}djk\i\j jfe Y`\em\e`[fj%

·Hl\ ZfiiX \c X`i\ :lXe[f leX g\ijfeX j\ m\ fYc`^X[X X fZlgXi le \jgXZ`f \eki\ [\jZfefZ`[fj# Zfdf gfi \a\dgcf j\ekXij\ \e leX YlkXZX \e \c Z`e\ f X cX _fiX [\ Zfc^Xi leX kfXccX \e \c g\iZ_\if [\c ^`deXj`f# cf _XZ\ ZXj` j`\dgi\ [\ leX ]fidX gi\[\Z`Yc\% Gfi cf ^\e\iXc YljZX \c dXpfi \jgXZ`f [`jgfe`Yc\ \eki\ [fj g\ijfeXj p i\ZcXdX \c }i\X j`klX[X \e \c Z\ekif% <e \c Z`e\ \c\^`i} cX gfj`Z` e Z\ekiXc \eki\ \c \oki\df [\ leX ÔcX p \c cl^Xi [fe[\ \jk} j\ekX[X cX g\ijfeX d}j gi o`dX% <e \c ^`deXj`f# \c\^`i} cX g\iZ_X j`klX[X \e \c \jgXZ`f d}j Xdgc`f [`jgfe`$ Yc\% <c fYa\k`mf [\ \jX ]fidX [\ XZklXi \j \m`kXi f]\ejXj p dXc\ek\e[`[fj%

<E 9I<M< J8C P G@D@<EK8 8ccXe p 9XiYXiX G\Xj\# Xlkf$ i\j [\ <c c\e^lXa\ [\c Zl\igf# gifgfe\e le j\eZ`ccf k\jk gXiX ZfdgifYXi cX `dgfikXeZ`X [\ cfj \jgXZ`fj g\ijfeXc\j% Cf \o$ gc`ZXe XjÂ&#x2C6;1 ½Ljk\[ pX [\Y\ [\ jXY\i hl\ cXj i\^cXj ef \jZi`kXj [\c k\ii`kfi`f [\k\id`eXe hl\ cXj d\jXj [\ cfj i\jkXliXe$ k\j j\ [`m`[\e \e [fj gXik\j `^lXc\j1 \e cX cÂ&#x2C6;e\X Z\ekiXc# cfj ZXdXi\ifj ZfcfZXe cX jXc# \c XqÂ&#x2019;ZXi# cXj Ă&#x2022;fi\j f ZlXchl`\i fkif XZZ\jfi`f% 8 d\[`[X hl\ mXpX XmXeqXe[f cX Zfd`[X# gil\Y\ X kiXjcX[Xi jlk`cd\ek\ \c jXc\if# cX g`d`\ekXÂż _XZ`X \c cX[f [\ cX fkiX g\ijfeX% KXi[\ f k\dgiXef# \jkX `emXj`Â?e k\e[i} leX i\XZZ`Â?e1 jl ZfdgXÂ&#x152;\if [\ d\jX \Z_Xi} cX j`ccX _XZ`X Xki}j gXiX i\Zlg\iXi \jgXZ`f f Y`\e ZfcfZXi} [\ el\mf kf[Xj cXj Zf$ jXj \e \c Z\ekif [\ cX d\jXž%

:+ *

Ă&#x201C;Y^W 97H7 :; FĂŁA;H

FYj\imXi X cX ^\ek\ hl\ j\ [\jgcXqX X jlj kiXYXafj \e _fiXj glekX X kiXmÂ&#x201E;j [\c kiXejgfik\ gÂ&#x2019;Yc`Zf# Zfdf gfi \a\dgcf \e \c d\kif [\ cXj ^iXe[\j Z`l[X[\j# jl\c\ j\i le \jg\Zk}Zlcf Xc^f ki`jk\1 cXj g\ijfeXj gXi\Z\e XYXk`[Xj# `e\ogi\j`mXj \ `e]\c`Z\j% Ef jfeiÂ&#x2C6;\e# Xg\eXj ^\jk`ZlcXe# d`iXe Xc jl\cf# k\ej`feXe cfj iXj^fj [\ cX ZXiX%%% MXdfj# gXi\Z\e d}hl`eXj% G\if \jk\ ZfdgfikXd`\ekf k`\e\ leX \ogc`ZXZ`Â?e1 kf[X \jX ^\ek\ \jk} gifk\^`\e[f jl qfeX Â&#x2C6;ek`dX X kiXmÂ&#x201E;j [\c ccXdX[f \]\Zkf d}jZXiX1 \j le d\ZXe`jdf [\ [\]\ejX gfi \c ZlXc j\ j\ \jZfe[\ ZlXchl`\i [\kXcc\ [\ `e]fidXZ`Â?e g\ijfeXc gXiX gi\j\imXi cX gifg`X `ek`$ d`[X[% ½PX hl\ ef gl\[f \m`kXi hl\ kl Zl\igf \jk} g\^X[f Xc dÂ&#x2C6;f \e \jk\ _fii`Yc\ kiXejgfik\ gÂ&#x2019;Yc`Zf# Xc d\efj k\e ZcXif hl\ \jkX j`klXZ`Â?e ef `dgc`ZX e`e^Â&#x2019;e k`gf [\ `ek`d`[X[ Zfek`^fž# gf[iÂ&#x2C6;X j\i \c d\ejXa\ \d`k`[f gfi ZlXchl`\iX [\ \ccfj% P \j hl\ \o`jk\ kf[X leX c`jkX [\ i\^cXj ef \jZi`kXj hl\ cX dXpfiÂ&#x2C6;X [\ cXj ZlckliXj Zldgc\ Zfe i`^`[\q ZlXe[f j\ m\ mlce\iX[f jl \jgXZ`f g\ijfeXc \e leX j`klXZ`Â?e [\ X^cfd\iXZ`Â?e% Jfe cXj ZfefZ`[Xj gfi kf[fj i\^cXj [\c XjZ\ejfi1 ( J`klXij\ cf d}j c\afj gfj`Yc\ [\ cXj fkiXj g\ijfeXj% ) Ef _XYcXi Zfe eX[`\# e` j`hl`\iX Zfe cfj ZfefZ`[fj% * <m`kXi \e kf[f dfd\ekf \c ZfekXZkf m`jlXc Zfe cfj [\d}j% + DXek\e\i cX ZXiX [\ gÂ?b\i1 ef j\ g\id`k\ [\dfjkiXi e`e^Â&#x2019;e k`gf [\ \dfZ`Â?e% , J` j\ k`\e\ \e cXj dXefj le g\i`Â?[`Zf f leXj ZXikXj i\Zf^`[Xj \e \c YlqÂ?e# j`dlcXi \jkXi gif]le[X$

d\ek\ `ed\ijf \e jl c\ZkliX% - Dfm`d`\ekfj ZfigfiXc\j# cfj dÂ&#x2C6;e`dfj1 Zl`[X[f Zfe cfj ifZ\j% . FYj\imXi# \e kf[f dfd\ekf# ZÂ?df cfj eÂ&#x2019;d\ifj [\ cfj g`jfj mXe ZXdY`Xe[f% / Jfcf c\mXekXi cX m`jkX# \e kf[f ZXjf# ZlXe[f j\ XYiXe cXj gl\ikXj [\c XjZ\ejfi p k\id`e\ \c ZXlk`m\i`f%

A8GFEyJ P 8D<I@:8EF Cfj d`jdfj Xlkfi\j \ogc`ZXe cXj [`]\i\eZ`Xj ZlckliXc\j \e \c i\jg\kf [\ cfj \jgXZ`fj g\ijfeXc\j% ½J` fYj\imXdfj X le efik\Xd\i`ZXef p X le aXgfeÂ&#x201E;j _XYcXe[f# m\i\dfj ZÂ?df cfj [fj \dg`\qXe X dfm\ij\ [\ ]fidX Zli`fjX1 \c efik\Xd\i`ZXef XgXik}e[fj\ p \c aXgfeÂ&#x201E;j XZ\iZ}e[fj\% <j le `ek\ekf [\ XaljkXij\ X cXj i\jg\Zk`mXj [`jkXeZ`Xj ZlckliX$ c\j% <c aXgfeÂ&#x201E;j k`\e\ leX qfeX Â&#x2C6;ek`dX d}j g\hl\Â&#x152;X# [\ ), Z\ekÂ&#x2C6;d\kifj2 d`\ekiXj hl\ cX [\c efik\Xd\i`ZXef \j [\ ZXj` \c [fYc\% CXj ^iXYXZ`fe\j [\ leX Zfem\ijXZ`Â?e [\ \jk\ k`gf i\gif[lZ`[Xj X XckX m\cfZ`[X[ [Xe cX j\ejXZ`Â?e [\ hl\ XdYfj YX`cXe le mXcj p hl\ \c aXgfeÂ&#x201E;j \j hl`\e ^lÂ&#x2C6;X¿ž%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:+ +

ÓY^W

?XY`c`[X[\j jfZ`Xc\j ,

9OõPASOõYõTÅõAGREDESõõ I\jg\kf _XZ`X lef d`jdf p _XZ`X cfj [\d}j% 8j [\ j\eZ`ccX \j cX [\Ôe`Z` e [\ cX Zfe[lZkX Xj\ik`mX# hl\ j\ Zfdgc\d\ekX Zfe cX [\jZi`gZ` e [\ jlj [fj _\idXeXj dXcXj1 cX X^i\j`mX p cX gXj`mX% <e i\Xc`[X[# \e cfj fi ^\e\j [\ \jkXj [fj Zfe[lZkXj \jk} cX ZXi^X ^\e k`ZX gifg`X [\ cfj dXd ]\ifj hl\# Xek\ leX [`ÔZlckX[# clZ_Xe f _lp\e# [\g\e[`\e[f [\ cXj Z`iZlejkXeZ`Xj1 j` cX ZfjX j\ gfe\ dlp ]\X# \jZXgXe# d`\ekiXj hl\ j\ \e]i\ekXe Zfe Ô\i\qX ZlXe[f ZXcZlcXe hl\ k`\e\e fgZ`fe\j [\ ^XeXi%

;\c d`jdf df[f# le \jkl$ [`Xek\ _lp\ ZlXe[f \c [ X [\c \oXd\e j\ hl\[X \e ZXjX p [`Z\ \jkXi \e]\idf2 p clZ_X ZlXe[f [`jZlk\ X ^i`kfj Zfe jl gX[i\# hl\ \jk} \e]X[X[f gfi cf hl\ _X _\Z_f% :lXchl`\iX [\ \jkXj [fj Zfe$ [lZkXj jfe gfZf `ek\c`^\ek\j jfZ`Xcd\ek\ _XYcXe[f# pX hl\ gifmfZXe j\ek`d`\ekfj [\ Zlc$ gX# ]iljkiXZ` e p dXc\jkXi `e$ k\ief% ¶P Zl}c \j cX Xck\ieXk`mX6 Gl\j cf [`Z_f# cX Xj\ik`m`[X[# hl\ dXe\aX \dfZ`fe\j gfj`$ k`mXj p gifmfZX jXk`j]XZZ` e# Y`\e\jkXi p Xc\^i X% <e [\Ôe`k`mX1 ` CX Zfe[lZkX X^i\j`mX

j\ ZXiXZk\i`qX gfi [\]\e$ [\i cfj gifg`fj `ek\i\j\j p [\j\fj# p gfi \ogi\jXi cfj j\ek`d`\ekfj p fg`e`fe\j j`e k\e\i \e Zl\ekX X cfj [\d}j# g\ejXe[f jfcXd\ek\ \e lef d`jdf% J\ ZfefZ\e dlp Y`\e cfj [\i\Z_fj gifg`fj# g\if ef cfj [\ cfj fkifj% <jk\ k`gf [\ ZfdgfikXd`\ekf gl\[\ Zfej\^l`i jl fYa\k`mf X Zfikf gcXqf X YXj\ [\ Xd\eXqXj# `ejlckfj f ^fcg\ [\ gl f jfYi\ cX d\jX # g\if ef X cXi^f gcXqf%

` CX Zfe[lZkX gXj`mX j\ ZXiXZ$

` CX Zfe[lZkX Xj\ik`mX Zfej`jk\

k\i`qX gfi leX e\^XZ` e [\ cfj [\i\Z_fj g\ijfeXc\j ]i\ek\ X cfj `ek\i\j\j [\ cfj [\d}j% <jk\ k`gf [\ g\ijfeXj ef j\ Xki\m\e X dXe`]\jkXi jlj fg`$ e`fe\j f j\ek`d`\ekfj gfihl\ Zi\\e hl\ ef k`\e\e [\i\Z_f X _XZ\icf p gl\[\e dfc\jkXi% ;\ m\q \e ZlXe[f# cX g\ijfeX gXj`mX k`\e\ \ogcfj`fe\j [\ X^i\j`m`[X[# Zfdf i\XZZ` e X le cXi^f g\i f[f [\ i\gi\j` e [\ jlj j\ek`d`\ekfj%

\e \ogi\jXi cfj gifg`fj `ek\$ i\j\j# Zi\\eZ`Xj# fg`e`fe\j p [\j\fj [\ df[f _fe\jkf# j`e j\ek`d`\ekf [\ ZlcgX p j`e g\ial[`ZXi e` X^i\[`i X cfj [\d}j% Jfe g\ijfeXj hl\ j\ j`\ek\e Y`\e gfihl\ jl Zfe$ [lZkX \j Zf_\i\ek\ Zfe jlj g\ejXd`\ekfj p \dfZ`fe\j% 8[\d}j# \jkX gfjkliX ]XZ`c`kX hl\ cfj ZfeÕ`Zkfj `ek\ig\ijf$ eXc\j gl\[Xe i\jfcm\ij\%

8gc`ZX[f Xc }dY`kf \[lZXk`mf# \o`jk\e gif^iXdXj [\ \eki\eX$ d`\ekf \e _XY`c`[X[\j jfZ`Xc\j hl\ gXik\e [\ leX `[\X1 Xc df$ [`ÔZXi cX Zfe[lZkX# gfjk\i`fi$ d\ek\ ZXdY`Xi}e cXj XZk`kl[\j p cXj Zi\\eZ`Xj% <j [\Z`i1 j` Xgi\e[f X jfei\ i# Xlehl\ ef k\e^X [\dXj`X[Xj ^XeXj [\ _XZ\icf# XZXYXi j`ek` e[fd\ d\afi p g\ejXe[f hl\ ZX`^f Y`\e X d` `ek\icfZlkfi# hl\ X jl m\q d\ _X \jYfqX[f leX gi\Z`fjX jfei`jX%%%

:+ +

Ă&#x201C;Y^W Âľ9EDE9;I 7 7B=K?;D 7IĂ&#x;5

C8J G<IJFE8J 8>I<J@M8J%%%

<E 9I<M< G@<EJ8E%%%

C8 8J<IK@M@;8;

Â&#x203A; Jfcf pf `dgfikf% ` <j leX Zfe[lZkX% ` J\ gl\[\ Xgi\e[\i%

Â&#x203A; Ef d\ `ek\i\jX cf hl\ cfj [\d}j g`\ej\e f j`\ekXe%

Â&#x203A; D\ gfikf XjÂ&#x2C6; gXiX hl\ d\ ` G\id`k\ i\jfcm\i d\afi cfj

ZfeĂ&#x2022;`Zkfj% ` K`\e\ Zfdf fYa\k`mf Zfej\$

^l`i cf hl\ leX g\ijfeX Zfe$ j`[\iX d\afi gXiX \ccX p d}j aljkf gXiX cfj [\d}j%

i\jg\k\e%

Â&#x203A; CXj ZfjXj jfe f YcXeZXj f e\^iXj1 f kÂ&#x2019; f pf%

Â&#x203A; Pf jfp _fe\jkf1 j`\dgi\ [`^f cf

J@<EK<E%%%

Â&#x203A; <e]X[f# j\ek`d`\ekfj [\ ZlcgX p jfc\[X[%

Â&#x203A; J\ejXZ`Â?e [\ gÂ&#x201E;i[`[X [\ Zfekifc1

Â&#x203A; Ef j\ hl`\i\e X jÂ&#x2C6; d`jdfj Xl$ kf\jk`dX YXaX %

Â&#x203A; Cfj fkifj jfe d}j `dgfikXek\j hl\ pf%%%

eXc`[X[% ` Ef \j _\i\[`kXi`X e` ^\eÂ&#x201E;$

k`ZX%

[f \c \jgXZ`f g\ijfeXc [\c fkif% dXefj%

G@<EJ8E%%%

J< DL<JKI8E%%%

Â&#x203A; J\ejXZ`Â?e [\ `dgfk\eZ`X%

\ccfj%

Â&#x203A; J\ek`d`\ekfj [\ ZlcgXY`c`[X[ p [\ ]iljkiXZ`Â?e%

Â&#x203A; Ef hl`\if dfc\jkXi% Â&#x203A; :i\f hl\ j\ Xgifm\Z_Xe [\ dÂ&#x2C6;% Â&#x203A; J` c\j cc\mf cX ZfekiXi`X j\ \e]X[Xi}e%%%

` Ef \j leX \jkiXk\^`X gXiX

Zfem\eZ\i X cfj [\d}j [\ cf hl\ lef g`\ejX%

Â&#x203A; DXefj e\im`fjXj# lÂ&#x152;Xj dfi$

Â&#x203A; Jfc\[X[%

[`[Xj%

Â&#x203A; =XckX [\ i\jg\kf X jÂ&#x2C6; d`jdfj gfihl\ mXe X [fe[\ ef hl`\i\e `i# _XZ\e ]Xmfi\j gfi fYc`^XZ`Â?e%%%

G@<EJ8E%%%

Â&#x203A; JÂ&#x201E; Zl}c\j jfe d`j [\i\Z_fj p cfj k\e^f hl\ [\]\e[\i%

Â&#x203A; Cfj [\d}j k`\e\e cfj d`jdfj [\i\Z_fj hl\ pf# e` d}j e` d\efj% 8jÂ&#x2C6; hl\ cfj i\jg\kf%

Â&#x203A; Pf ef jfp jlg\i`fi e` `e]\i`fi X ` Ef Zfej`jk\ \e j\i le gfZf

ZÂ&#x2C6;e`Zf% ` Ef \j [`]Â&#x2C6;Z`c [\ Xgi\e[\i

gfZf Ă&#x2022;l`[X p Ycfhl\fj%

Â&#x203A; =i\Zl\ek\j hl\aXj X k\iZ\ifj1 ½O ef d\ Zfdgi\e[\ \ P j\ Xgifm\Z_X [\ dÂ&#x2C6;ž%

C8J G<IJFE8J 8J<IK@M8J

gXiX cfj ZfeĂ&#x2022;`Zkfj%

Zfej\^l`i j`\dgi\ cf hl\ lef [\j\X%

Â&#x203A; Mfcld\e [\ mfq YXaf# _XYcX Â&#x203A; D`iX[X YXaX%

Â&#x203A; 9XaX Xlkf\jk`dX%

` Ef \j leX jfclZ`Â?e d}^`ZX

` Ef \j Xc^f hl\ j`imX gXiX

Â&#x203A; 8jg\Zkf _l`[`qf# k\d\ifjf# XjljkX[`qf%

Â&#x203A; 8ej`\[X[%

Â&#x203A; K\e^f hl\ jXZi`Ă&#x201D;ZXid\ gfi

` Ef \j le iXj^f [\ g\ijf$

Â&#x203A; GfjkliX `ek`d`[Xkfi`X# `emX[`\e$ Â&#x203A; K\ej`Â?e \e cX ZXiX p \e cXj

G@<EJ8E%%%

C8 8J<IK@M@;8;

kfef [\ mfq \c\mX[f p d`iX[X i\kX[fiX%

C8J G<IJFE8J G8J@M8J%%%

gfejXYc\ [\ jl Zfe[lZkX%

Yc\j gXiX cXj [fj gXik\j ZlXe[f jli^\ le ZfeĂ&#x2022;`Zkf%

Â&#x203A; =fidX [\ _XYcXi kXaXek\# Zfe le

X d\el[f j\ Xii\g`\ek\e [\ _XY\i Â&#x203A; @ejlckXe p Xd\eXqXe% XZklX[f XjÂ&#x2C6;% Â&#x203A; Lk`c`qXe cX `ifeÂ&#x2C6;X p \c jXiZXjdf Â&#x203A; =iljkiXZ`Â?e% gXiX X^i\[`i%

hl\ g`\ejf# ef \e^XÂ&#x152;f X eX[`\% J` c\ gXi\Z\ dXc# pf ef k\e^f cX ZlcgX%

` FYc`^X X cX g\ijfeX X j\i i\j$

` K`\e\ Zfej\Zl\eZ`Xj ]XmfiX$

J< DL<JKI8E%%%

cfj [\d}j1 jfp lef d}j%

J@<EK<E%%%

J< DL<JKI8E%%%

Â&#x203A; 9l\eX Xlkf\jk`dX# j\ hl`\i\e X jÂ&#x2C6; Â&#x203A; GfjkliX \i^l`[X p i\cXaX[X# d`jdfj%

Â&#x203A; ;`j]ilkXe \e jl i\cXZ`Â?e Zfe cfj

_XYcX Ă&#x2022;l`[X p e`m\c [\ mfq X[\ZlX[f%

Â&#x203A; :fekXZkf fZlcXi [`i\Zkf p

[\d}j%

Â&#x203A; ?fe\jk`[X[ \dfZ`feXc# [`Z\e cf hl\ j`\ek\e j`e e\Z\j`[X[ [\ f]\e[\i X eX[`\%

^\jkfj Ă&#x201D;id\j%

Â&#x203A; ?XYcXe [\ jlj ^ljkfj# `ek\i\j\j p j\ek`d`\ekfj%

Â&#x203A; ;X[f \c ZXjf# [`jZi\gXe XY`\ikX$ d\ek\ j`e X^i\[`i%

Â&#x203A; JXY\e [\Z`i ef% Â&#x203A; I\ZfefZ\e jlj \iifi\j% Â&#x203A; Lk`c`qXe \c _ldfi gXiX i\cXaXi \c XdY`\ek\%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:+ ,

ÓY^W

<jkiXk\^`Xj gXiX jfclZ`feXi ZfeÕ`Zkfj `ek\ig\ijfeXc\j

z(ACEMOSõLASõPACES ?fp \j le Yl\e [ X gXiX \ek\iiXi \c _XZ_X [\ ^l\iiX% GifYXYc\d\ek\# \c d\afi% 8j hl\ j` _Xp Xc^ e ZfdgX \if f ZfdgX \iX Zfe \c hl\ ef k\ _XYcXj p pX ZXj` e` k\ XZl\i[Xj [\ gfi hl # \jk\ \j \c dfd\ekf [\ gfe\ic\ glekf ÔeXc X \jkX g\hl\ X ^l\iiX% :fe kf[X gifYXY`c`[X[ fj _X ]XckX[f Zfdle`ZXZ` e# Xc d\efj [\ cX Yl\eX# [\ \jX hl\ \oZclp\ `ejlckfj# `ife Xj# Xd\eXqXj p jXiZXjdfj% ¶<jk}j Xe`dX[f X `ek\ekXicf6 <jklg\e[f# g\if ef k\ gi\Z`g`k\j% <e cfj ZfeÕ`Zkfj `ek\ig\ijfeXc\j cX j\ej`Y`c`[X[ \jk} X Õfi [\ g`\c p ef _Xp dXi^\e gXiX d\k\i cX gXkX# f \c gifYc\dX j\ \k\ie`qXi X%

J` hl`\i\j `ek\ekXi le XZ\i$ ZXd`\ekf _XZ`X \c fkif# p gcXek\Xic\ leX Zfem\ijXZ` e ZfejkilZk`mX hl\ XZXY\ Zfe \jk\ [\j\eZl\ekif hl\ fj kiX `j# [\Y\j j\^l`i cXj i\^cXj [\c al\^f% ¶Hl\ ef cXj ZfefZ\j6 8hl cXj k`\e\j1

(% @ek\ekX _XYcXi Zfe cX g\ijf$ eX Zfe cX hl\ hl`\i\j _XZ\i cXj gXZ\j \e le dfd\ekf kiXehl`$ cf% <e le ZXdY`f [\ ZcXj\# gfi \a\dgcf# ef [X k`\dgf% D\afi \e le i\Zi\f%

k\iZ\iX g\ijfeX \hl`mXc\ X le XkXhl\ g\ijfeXc%

_X^Xj# ef c\ i\g`kXj cX `[\X% :fe leX m\q# cc\^X%

*% Lk`c`qX leX ] idlcX \]\Zk`mX

,% Cfj `ejlckfj p cXj [\jZXc`Ô$

Zfdf cX hl\ \ogc`ZXdfj \e cX kXYcX [\ cX j`^l`\ek\ g}^`eX hl\ \m`k\ hl\ k\ mXpXj gfi cXj iXdXj% J\ kiXkX [\ hl\ c\ kiXejd`kXj Zfe ZcXi`[X[ cX `[\X [\ hl\ hl`\i\j Xii\^cXi \c ZfeÕ`Zkf2 p [\ hl\ c\ [`^Xj gfi hl \jk}j f]\e[`[f# Z df k\ j`\ek\j p hl j\ gl\[\ _XZ\i gXiX hl\ ef ml\cmX X gXjXi%

ZXZ`fe\j \jk}e gif_`Y`[fj% CXj ZfdgXiXZ`fe\j jfe f[`fjXj1 \m kXcXj%

0% LeX m\q hl\ _Xp}`j k\e`[f cX

+% J` c\ _XZ\j leX Zi k`ZX# hl\ )% <e cX Zfem\ijXZ` e jfcf [\$ Y `j \jkXi cfj [fj# eX[`\ d}j% Ef e\Z\j`k}`j ^lXi[X\jgXc$ [Xj% I\Zl\i[X hl\ Zi`k`ZXi cX Zfe[lZkX [\ Xc^l`\e Xek\ leX

Z` e cf hl\ k\ [`Z\ \ `ek\ekX Xjld`i cX gXik\ hl\ k\ kfZX% P ef `ek\ek\j# \e e`e^ e ZXjf# ZfekiXXkXZXi Zfe \c Zc}j`Zf ½gl\j Xe[X hl\ k %%%¾%

j\X [\ le jfcf Xjg\Zkf hl\ gf[i X d\afiXi% Ef j\ kiXkX [\ [\jdfiXc`qXic\ c\p e[fc\ cX ZXik`ccX [\ kf[Xj cXj ZfjXj hl\ _XZ\ dXc% P leX m\q hl\ j\ cX

cX `ife X1 _XZ\e dlZ_f [X f p \dg\fiXe cXj ZfjXj% <j d\afi j\i [`i\Zkf%

Zfem\ijXZ` e# [Xk\ le k`\dgf gXiX efidXc`qXi cXj ZfjXj% Ef j\ kiXkX [\ hl\ j\}`j ek`dfj \e Zl\jk` e [\ d`elkfj% KXdY` e [\Y\j \m`kXi Zfd\ekXi \e Zf$ ii`ccf Zfe kl ^ilgf [\ Xd`^fj cf hl\ _XYcXjk\ Zfe \jX g\ijfeX% J` j\ \ek\iX# j\ gl\[\ j\ek`i kiX`Z`feX[X [\ el\mf%

.% <m`kX cXj \ogi\j`fe\j [\c k`gf

('% Ef fcm`[\j hl\ \c fYa\k`mf

½k j`\dgi\¾ f ½k eleZX¾% <j [\Z`i# \e m\q [\ ^\e\iXc`qXi# j ZfeZi\kf%

[\ \jkX Zfem\ijXZ` e ef \j hl\ lef ^Xe\ p fkif g`\i[X2 e` kXdgfZf ½ZXekXic\ cXj ZlXi\ekX [\ leX m\q gfi kf[Xj¾% J\ kiX$ kX# jfYi\ kf[f# [\ gfe\i glekf ÔeXc X le ZfeÕ`Zkf hl\ pX _X [liX[f [\dXj`X[f k`\dgf%

-% Ef lk`c`Z\j \c jXiZXjdf e`

/% J` \e le dfd\ekf [\ cX Zfe$ m\ijXZ` e k kXdY` e i\Z`Y\j leX Zi k`ZX# \jZlZ_X Zfe Xk\e$

:+ ,

Ă&#x201C;Y^W <ĂŁHCKB7I F7H7 79JK7H

<E 9I<M<

LeX ]Â?idlcX j\eZ`ccX p \]\Zk`mX gXiX _XZ\i cXj gXZ\j \e ki\j gXjfj1 ½:lXe[f kÂ&#x2019; _XZ\j f [`Z\j Xc^f # pf d\ j`\ekf dXc gfi cf hl\ k\ g`[f hl\ [\ X_fiX \e X[\cXek\ ef cf ml\cmXj X _XZ\i ž%

KLJ ;<I<:?FJ

<e \c ZlX[if j\ gcXjdXe Xc^lefj \a\dgcfj1

` Gl\[\j \ogi\jXi hl\aXj X cfj

[\d}j j`\dgi\ hl\ cf _X^Xj Zfe Zfii\ZZ`Â?e% ` K`\e\j [\i\Z_f X _XZ\i

ZiÂ&#x2C6;k`ZXj j`\dgi\ hl\ j\Xe ZfejkilZk`mXj# Âś\_6 % ` Gl\[\j [\]\e[\ik\ \ `eZcljf

:L8E;F Kè%%%

Â&#x203A; C\ Zl\ekXj X fkifj Xc^leXj ZfeĂ&#x201D;[\eZ`Xj hl\ k\ _`Z\

Â&#x203A; :l\ekXj d\ek`iXj jfYi\ dÂ&#x2C6; Â&#x203A; D\ Zi`k`ZXj

`^efiXi ZlXchl`\i ZiÂ&#x2C6;k`ZX hl\ k\ _X^Xe hl\ Zfej`[\i\j `ealjkX f ]XcjX%

Â&#x203A; Ef Zl\ekXj Zfed`^f gXiX eX[X

` Ef \jk}j fYc`^X[f X _XZ\i cf

Â&#x203A; D\ _XZ\j \c mXZÂ&#x2C6;f

hl\ fkifj hl`\i\e j` Zi\\j hl\ k\ gl\[\ g\ial[`ZXi f# j`dgc\$ d\ek\# ef k\ Zfem`\e\ % ` Gl\[\j e\^Xik\ X leX g\$ k`Z`Â?e ZlXe[f cX Zfej`[\i\j `eX[\ZlX[X f XYlj`mX%

Âż P CFJ ;< CFJ ;<DĂ?J ` Gl\[\e \ogi\jXik\ leX hl\aX

gfi kl ZfdgfikXd`\ekf% ` K`\e\e [\i\Z_f X Zi`k`ZXik\ p

X g\[`ik\ hl\ ZXdY`\j kl ]fidX [\ XZklXi% ` Ef k`\e\e gfi hlÂ&#x201E; X[d`k`i cX

ZiÂ&#x2C6;k`ZX hl\ kÂ&#x2019; c\j _XZ\j j` ef \jk}e [\ XZl\i[f Zfe \ccX% ` Gl\[\e e\^Xij\ X _XZ\i cf

hl\ c\j g`[\j# gfi \a\dgcf le ]Xmfi# j`e hl\ kÂ&#x2019; k\e^Xj hl\ \e]X[Xik\ gfi \ccf% ` Cfj [\d}j ef \jk}e fYc`$

^X[fj X g\ejXi Zfdf kÂ&#x2019; e` X _XZ\i cf hl\ X k` k\ ^ljkXiÂ&#x2C6;X hl\ _`Z`\iXe%

Â&#x203A; D\ ccXdXj ½e\e`kXž gXiX hl\ cfj [\d}j j\ iÂ&#x2C6;Xe

Â&#x203A; D\ _XZ\j YifdXj g\jX[Xj

PF D< J@<EKF%%%

GFI CF HL< K< G@;F HL< <E <C =LKLIF%%%

Â&#x203A; =XkXc

Ef ml\cmX X fZlii`i1

Â&#x203A; Ki`jk\

Â&#x203A; Hl\ ef [`]le[Xj d`j ZfeĂ&#x201D;[\e$ Z`Xj

Â&#x203A; :fe]le[`[f Â&#x203A; G\ejXYX hl\ Â&#x201E;iXdfj Xd`^fj Â&#x203A; ;\]iXl[X[f

Â&#x203A; Hl\ ef ml\cmXj X ZfekXi _`jkf$ i`Xj ]XcjXj jfYi\ dÂ&#x2C6;

Â&#x203A; Hl\ ef k\ Zi\Xj kf[f cf hl\ k\ [`Z\e

Â&#x203A; ?ld`ccX[f Â&#x203A; Hl\ _Xj XYljX[f [\ d` Zfe$ Ă&#x201D;XeqX

Â&#x203A; Hl\ _XYc\j gi`d\if Zfed`^f Â&#x203A; Hl\ Zfe]Â&#x2C6;\j \e dÂ&#x2C6;# hl\ ef _XpX d}j YlicXj%%% %

Â&#x203A; ;\Z\gZ`feX[f

ÂśP ZÂ?df [\Y\j i\XZZ`feXi j` \i\j kÂ&#x2019; \c hl\ i\Z`Y\ cX hl\aX6 K`\e\j [fj gfj`Y`c`[X[\j%

J@KL8:@äE 81 J` k\ [Xj Zl\ekX [\ hl\ cX g\ijfeX hl\ k\ \jk} _XZ`\e[f cX ZiÂ&#x2C6;k`ZX k`\e\ d}j iXqÂ?e hl\ le jXekf# _Xq cf j`^l`\ek\1

Â&#x203A; <jZÂ&#x2019;Z_Xc\ Zfe Xk\eZ`Â?e% Â&#x203A; DlÂ&#x201E;jkiXk\ [\ XZl\i[f Zfe jlj Zfd\ekXi`fj p [`jZÂ&#x2019;cgXk\1 ½<j Z`\ikf p cf j`\ekfž% Â&#x203A; ;Xc\ \c mXcfi hl\ k`\e\ Xc _\Z_f [\ hl\ k\ _XpX _\Z_f leX ZiÂ&#x2C6;k`ZX ZfejkilZk`mX hl\ k\ j\im`i} gXiX d\afiXi1 ½K\ X^iX[\qZf hl\ d\ cf _XpXj [`Z_fž%

Â&#x203A; :fdgifdÂ&#x201E;k\k\ X i\Zk`Ă&#x201D;ZXi1 ½Ef k\ gi\fZlg\j# ef mfcm\i} X gXjXiž% Â&#x203A; <e \jk\ glekf# kÂ&#x2019; kXdY`Â&#x201E;e gl\[\j _XZ\i ljf [\ cX ]Â?idlcX Xek\i`fi p gcXek\Xic\ Xhl\ccfj Xjg\Zkfj \e cfj hl\ Zi\\j hl\ Â&#x201E;c gl\[\ ZXdY`Xi [\ ZXiX Xc ]lklif% ¡P kXe Xd`^fj

J@KL8:@äE 91 Ef k\ Zi\\j cf hl\ \jk}j fp\e[f# k\ \jk} XZljXe[f [\ Xc^f hl\ ef k`\e\ eX[X hl\ m\i Zfek`^f% :i\\j hl\ \j leX ZiÂ&#x2C6;k`ZX kXe `ealjkX hl\ ZXj` j\ k\ jXckXe cXj c}^i`dXj% G\if kiXehl`cf# \j d\afi hl\ _X^Xj \jkf1

Â&#x203A; <jZlZ_X _XjkX \c Ă&#x201D;eXc kf[f cf hl\ k\ \jk}e [`Z`\e[f% Â&#x203A; E`\^X [\ leX dXe\iX Xj\ik`mX1 ½Ef \j Z`\ikf cf hl\ [`Z\jž% P \ogcÂ&#x2C6;ZXc\ gfi hlÂ&#x201E;% Â&#x203A; <ogi\jX klj j\ek`d`\ekfj1 ½D\ j`\ekf dXc gfi cf hl\ d\ _Xj [`Z_fž% Â&#x203A; G`[\ f jl^`\i\ ZXdY`fj1 ½D\ ^ljkXiÂ&#x2C6;X hl\ cX giÂ?o`dX m\q k\ Xj\^li\j Y`\e Xek\j [\ [\Z`i eX[Xž%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:+ -

ÓY^W

:cXm\j gXiX Xgi\e[\i X kiXYXaXi \e ^ilgf

_&ORMAMOSõUNõBUENõEQUIPO ½<jkfp _Xikf [\ cfj kiXYXafj \e ^ilgf# d\ fi^Xe`qf d\afi pf jfcf p kXi[f d\efj k`\dgf% 8[\d}j# d\el[fj ZfdgX \ifj d\ _Xe kfZX[f1 \c hl\ j`\dgi\ j\ \jZXhl\X# cX hl\ eleZX XYi\ cX YfZX p \c hl\ j\ \e]X[X j` ef j\ _XZ\e cXj ZfjXj X jl dXe\iX%%% ·D\el[f gXefiXdX ¾% <jkX ]fidX [\ g\ejXi \j dlp ]i\Zl\ek\ \eki\ cfj \jkl[`Xek\j hl\ Zfej`[\iXe hl\ \c kiXYXaf \e \hl`gf \j leX g i[`[X [\ k`\dgf p leX `ealjk`Z`X \e cf hl\ X cXj ZXc`ÔZXZ`fe\j j\ i\Ô\i\1 kf[fj cfj `ek\^iXek\j [\c ^ilgf cc\mXe cX d`jdX efkX# Xc dXi^\e [\ cf hl\ ZX[X lef _XpX XgfikX[f [\ ]fidX `e[`m`[lXc%

<e \c }dY`kf cXYfiXc cX i\XZ$ Z` e \j d}j f d\efj cX d`jdX ZlXe[f \c a\]\ jfc`Z`kX leX kXi\X ZfealekX le `e]fid\# le Xe}$ c`j`j f le gifp\Zkf hl\ [\Y\ j\i i\Xc`qX[X \eki\ mXi`fj ZfdgX \ifj [\ kiXYXaf% <j ]}$ Z`c hl\ jliaXe cfj ifZ\j p hl\ cfj ZfeÕ`Zkfj `ek\ig\ijfeXc\j \eiXi\qZXe \c XdY`\ek\ _XjkX _XZ\icf `ii\jg`iXYc\% P \j hl\ Zfej\^l`i hl\ le ^il$ gf [\ g\ijfeXj j\ fi^Xe`Z\ p cc\^l\ X j\i gif[lZk`mf \j d}j [`ÔZ`c [\ cf hl\ gXi\Z\% Gfi \jf# _fp \e [ X cfj gcXe\j [\ \jkl[`f le`m\ij`kXi`fj k`\e[\e X `eZfi$ gfiXi Zfek\e`[fj i\cXZ`feX[fj Zfe cX ZXgXZ`[X[ [\ kiXYXaXi \e \hl`gf# hl\ X[\d}j \j leX [\ cXj ZlXc`[X[\j d}j mXcfiX[Xj \e cXj f]\ikXj [\ \dgc\f% <e [\Ôe`k`mX# cfj kiXYXafj [\ ZcXj\ jfe leX \oZ\c\ek\ fgfikle`[X[ gXiX Xgi\e[\i X

ZfcXYfiXi Zfe cfj [\d}j gfi le fYa\k`mf Zfd e% GXiX hl\ k\ jXc^Xe Y`\e# jfcf [\Y\j k\e\i \e Zl\ekX Xc^lefj [\kXcc\j1

i\le` e gi\m`X gXiX fi^Xe`qXi \c kiXYXaf p1

XmXeZ\ Xc i`kdf gi\m`jkf% CX [`$ e}d`ZX jl\c\ j\i cX j`^l`\ek\1

` ;\Z`[`i hl j\ mX X _XZ\i#

` Gl\jkX \e Zfd e# \e ZX[X

Z df p \e Zl}ekf k`\dgf%

Cf d\afi hl\ k\ gl\[\ gXjXi \j hl\ \c gif]\jfi cfj \c`aX gfi k`1 k\ \m`kXi}j dlZ_fj c fj% J` ]fidXj \hl`gf Zfe klj gifg`fj Xd`^fj gl\[\j ZX\i \e cX k\ekX$ Z` e [\ gXjXi cX kXi[\ al^Xe[f X cX N`` f Zfem\ijXe[f jfYi\ k\$ dXj g\ijfeXc\j% <c ^iXZ`fj`ccf# \c dXc_ldfiX[f f \c d}j mX^f [\ cX ZcXj\%%% d\afi hl\ ef k\ kfhl\e \e kl ^ilgf% J` k`\e\j cX gfj`Y`c`[X[ [\ \jZf^\i# hl [Xk\ Zfe ZfdgX \ifj i\jgfejXYc\j# Zfe cfj hl\ k\ cc\m\j Y`\e p hl\ hl`\iXe _XZ\i cXj ZfjXj cf d\$ afi gfj`Yc\%

X ZX[X d`\dYif [\c ^ilgf leX kXi\X%

i\le` e# [\ cX `e]fidXZ` e i\ZXYX[X gfi ZX[X lef [\ cfj d`\dYifj [\c \hl`gf1 [`$ ÔZlckX[\j hl\ _X \eZfekiX[f# \e]fhl\ hl\ j\ c\ _X [X[f%%%

` Fi^Xe`qXi \c ZXc\e[Xi`f [\

` J` jli^\e XkiXjfj gifmfZX[fj

kiXYXaf% :l}e[f p Z df j\ _X$ i}e cXj i\le`fe\j# hl _Xp hl\ k\e\i c`jkf gXiX kXc ]\Z_X%%%

gfi Zl\jk`fe\j `e\jg\iX[Xj _Xp hl\ i\Xj`^eXi kXi\Xj p i\g\ejXi cfj gcXqfj gXiX hl\ \c kiXYXaf \jk \eki\^X[f Xek\j [\ cX ]\Z_X c d`k\%

)% CX gcXe`ÔZXZ` e

<e \jkX ]Xj\ cX cXYfi [\c Zffi$ [`eX[fi \j ]le[Xd\ekXc pX hl\ [\Y\ Xj\^liXij\ [\ hl\ \c ^ilgf

(% CX \c\ZZ` e [\ cfj ZfdgX \ifj

LeX m\q hl\ pX \jk} ]fidX[f \c ^ilgf# \j e\Z\jXi`f _XZ\i leX

` ;`m`[`i \c kiXYXaf p Xj`^eXi

` EfdYiXi le Zffi[`eX[fi%

J\ kiXkX [\ \c\^`i X Xc^l`\e hl\ jlg\im`j\ \c kiXYXaf# hl\ gi\gXi\ cXj i\le`fe\j p hl\ jfclZ`fe\ cfj gifYc\dXj hl\ gl\[Xe jli^`i%

*% CX \cXYfiXZ` e [\c kiXYXaf

` J` cfj gifYc\dXj hl\ XgX$

i\Z\e jfe gfi cX [\aX[\q [\ Xc^lef [\ cfj `ek\^iXek\j# cfj d\afi \j hl\ \c i\jkf [\c ^ilgf c\ gcXek\\ cX Zl\jk` e p c\ \o`aX le ZXdY`f [\ XZk`kl[% Ef j\ [\Y\ [\aXi \jkX [\jX^iX[XYc\ ]leZ` e Xc Zffi[`eX[fi [\c ^ilgf# hl\ hl`q} jfcf Zfej`^X le \e]i\ekXd`\ekf g\ijfeXc%

<E 9I<M< Kè P KLJ :FDG8z<IFJ

:+ -

Ă&#x201C;Y^W B7I DEHC7I :;B @K;=E

( <c ^ilgf ]leZ`feX Zfe \c \j]l\iqf [\ kf[fj cfj hl\ cf ]fidXe% Ef \j jlĂ&#x201D;Z`\ek\ Zfe \c \dgla\ [\ lef f

[fj jXZi`Ă&#x201D;ZX[fj% ) 8 cXj i\le`fe\j _Xp hl\ cc\^Xi Zfe gleklXc`[X[ p Zfe cfj k\dXj gi\gXiX[fj% Ef j\ kiXkX [\ `i X m\i [\

hlÂ&#x201E; mX f \jg\iXi X hl\ \c Zffi[`eX[fi cf [Â&#x201E; kf[f _\Z_f% ` 8c ZfdgXÂ&#x152;\if gfZf gXik`$

Z`gXk`mf p jld`jf1 gÂ&#x2C6;[\c\ hl\ _XYc\# hl\ [Â&#x201E; jl fg`e`Â?e p giÂ&#x201E;jkXc\ dlZ_X Xk\eZ`Â?e ZlXe$ [f cf jfigi\e[Xj gXik`Z`gXe[f% KXdY`Â&#x201E;e gl\[\j _XZ\i Xc^Â&#x2019;e Zfd\ekXi`f gfj`k`mf jfYi\ Â&#x201E;c Xek\ cfj [\d}j d`\dYifj [\c \hl`gf% ` 8c hl\ ef gXiX [\ _XYcXi p

ef [\aX hl\ \c kiXYXaf XmXeZ\# i\ZlÂ&#x201E;i[Xc\ hl\ _Xp hl\ Z\e$ kiXij\ \e \c k\dX% Cfj Zfk`cc\fj p cXj XeÂ&#x201E;Z[fkXj gl\[\e [\aXij\ gXiX d}j kXi[\%

* 8c gi`eZ`g`f [\ cX i\le`Â?e \c Zffi[`eX[fi Z\ekiX cfj k\dXj hl\ j\ mXe X kiXkXi p \jkXYc\Z\ jl [liXZ`Â?e

Xgifo`dX[X% + :X[X lef [\ cfj d`\dYifj `ek\im`\e\ gfi kliefj% <c i\jkf c\ \jZlZ_X Zfe Xk\eZ`Â?e% , ?Xp hl\ i\jg\kXi cXj fg`e`fe\j p XgfikXZ`fe\j [\ kf[fj jlj d`\dYifj# Xlehl\ ef j\ ZfdgXikXe% - ?Xp hl\ gifZliXi hl\ kf[fj `ek\im\e^Xe gfi `^lXc% CX cXYfi [\c Zffi[`eX[fi \j Zfej\^l`i gXiXic\ cfj

g`\j Xc hl\ c\ \eZXekX dfefgfc`qXi cX Zfem\ijXZ`Â?e p Xe`dXi X \ogfe\i jl fg`e`Â?e Xc d}j kÂ&#x2C6;d`[f% . CXj [\Z`j`fe\j j\ kfdXe gfi leXe`d`[X[ f# j` i\jlckX `dgfj`Yc\# gfi dXpfiÂ&#x2C6;X% / Ef j\ g\id`k\e ½a\kXjž# \j [\Z`i# Xhl\ccfj hl\ e` kiXYXaXe e` [\aXe kiXYXaXi% <c gifZ\[`d`\ekf gXiX

jfclZ`feXi \c ZfeĂ&#x2022;`Zkf \j _XYcXi Zfe Â&#x201E;c f \ccX p g\[`ic\ le ZXdY`f [\ ZfdgfikXd`\ekf% ;Xic\ le gcXqf gXiX i\Zk`Ă&#x201D;ZXi p# j` `eZldgc\ \c Zfdgifd`jf# j\ c\ `em`kX X XYXe[feXi \c ^ilgf%

` 8c hl\ j\ \eifccX Zfdf cXj

g\ij`XeXj# gÂ&#x2C6;[\c\ hl\ j\X Yi\m\# hl\ \jg\i\ jl klief p hl\ [\a\ `ek\im\e`i X cfj [\d}j% ` 8c kÂ&#x2C6;g`Zf ZfdgXÂ&#x152;\if dXe`gl$

cX[fi _Xp hl\ [\aXic\ ZcXif hl\ \e \c ^ilgf kf[f \c dle[f k`\$ e\ \c d`jdf [\i\Z_f X fg`eXi g\if eX[`\ gl\[\ `dgfe\ij\ gfi cX ]l\iqX% J` \c i\jkf [\ cfj d`\dYifj ef \jk}e [\ XZl\i[f Zfe jlj gifgl\jkXj# j\ [\jZXi$ kXe p j\ gXjX X fkiX ZfjX% ` 8c e\^Xk`m`jkX hl\ jfcf

\eZl\ekiX gifYc\dXj gÂ&#x2C6;[\c\ jfclZ`fe\j Zfe le ½œp kÂ&#x2019; hlÂ&#x201E; _XiÂ&#x2C6;Xj6ž% GcXek\Xi [`Ă&#x201D;ZlckX[\j \j le i\Zlijf [\dXj`X[f ]}Z`c% Cf `ek\i\jXek\ \j cc\^Xi X i\$ jfcm\icXj%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:+ .

ÓY^W

CXj ZcXm\j [\c c\e^lXa\ ef m\iYXc

3INõPALABRAS CX gi`d\iX `dgi\j` e \j cX hl\ Zl\ekX% <jkX XÔidXZ` e ef jfcf \j le [`Z_f gfglcXi# j`ef hl\ \j leX ^iXe m\i[X[ j\^ e _Xe [\dfjkiX[f i\Z`\ek\j \jkl[`fj Z`\ek ÔZfj% 9XjkXe ki\j f ZlXkif d`elkfj [\ fYj\imXZ` e [\ leX g\ijfeX [\jZfefZ`[X gXiX [\Z`[`i j` efj X^iX[X f [\jX^iX[X p j` hl\i\dfj dXek\e\i f ef Xc^leX i\cXZ` e Zfe \ccX% P \jkX fg`e` e k`\e[\ X dXek\e\ij\ \jkXYc\ \e \c k`\dgf p i\jlckX [`] Z`c ZXdY`XicX# pX hl\ gXiX \ccf k\e\dfj hl\ i\ZfefZ\i hl\ efj _XY Xdfj \hl`mfZX[f%

Cf Zli`fjf \j hl\ ZlXe[f _X$ YcXdfj Zfe Xc^l`\e jfcf leX g\hl\ X gXik\ [\ cX `e]fi$ dXZ` e cX fYk\e\dfj [\ jlj gXcXYiXj% Cfj `em\jk`^X[fi\j \jk`dXe hl\ \eki\ \c -' p \c .' [\ cX Zfdle`ZXZ` e \j d\$ [`Xek\ \c c\e^lXa\ ef m\iYXc# \j [\Z`i# ^\jkfj# XgXi`\eZ`X# gfjkl$ iX# d`iX[X p \ogi\j` e% DlZ_Xj m\Z\j \j\ c\e^lXa\ ZfigfiXc \j `eZfejZ`\ek\# gfi cf hl\ [\j$ gl j [\ \jkXi le iXkf Z_XicXe$ [f Zfe leX g\ijfeX gf[\dfj cc\^Xi X cX ZfeZclj` e [\ hl\ ef efj ^ljkX f ef \j [\ ÔXi j`e hl\ j\gXdfj \ogc`ZXi \c df$ k`mf% 8j # \j gfj`Yc\ hl\ el\j$ kiXj \dfZ`fe\j j\

m\Xe `eÕl`[Xj gfi fkiXj g\i$ jfeXj j`e e\Z\j`[X[ [\ ZilqXi Zfe \ccXj leX jfcX gXcXYiX1 leX d`iX[X# le ^\jkf f leX gfjkl$ iX \j jlÔZ`\ek\ gXiX gifmfZXi e\im`fj`jdf# \e]X[f f `ej\$ ^li`[X[% Cfj ^\jkfj jfe# gl\j# ]le[X$ d\ekXc\j% :fdf \a\dgcf# \c [\ [fj g\ijfeXj hl\ j\ kfgXe \e le gXj`ccf \jki\Z_f lef \e]i\ek\ [\c fkif% Cf efidXc \j jfclZ`feXicf X YXj\ [\ d`iX[Xj1 gi`d\if# X cfj fafj# cl\^f j\ [\jm X _XZ`X \c cX[f [\c gXj`ccf gfi \c hl\ j\ gi\$ k\e[\ gXjXi# p ÔeXcd\ek\ ZX[X lef k`iX gfi jl cX[f% :lXe[f ef j\ gif[lZ\e \jkXj j\$ Xc\j# f j\ `ek\igi\kXe \hl`mfZX[Xd\ek\# j\ [X cl^Xi Xc k g`Zf YX`c\Z`ccf e\im`fjf p i`[ Zlcf _XZ`X [\i\Z_X \ `qhl`\i[X gXiX jXc`i [\c kiXeZ\¿

:+ .

Ă&#x201C;Y^W

KD =;IJE L7B; CĂ&#x153;I GK; C?B F7B78H7I

<E 9I<M<

CX ZXiX \ogi\jX Zfe ZcXi`[X[ cXj j\`j \dfZ`fe\j ]le[Xd\ekXc\j1 Xc\^iÂ&#x2C6;X# ki`jk\qX# d`\[f# iXY`X# [\jgi\Z`f p jfigi\jX% P cf _XZ\ X kiXmÂ&#x201E;j [\ ki\j qfeXj ZcXm\1 cXj Z\aXj# cfj fafj p cX YfZX% M\Xdfj1

?89C8I :FE C8 :89<Q8

Â&#x203A; CX d`iX[X1 d`iXi X cfj fafj f X cX qfeX jlg\i`fi [\ cX ZXiX Xpl[X X \jkXYc\Z\i \c ZfekXZkf# Xe`dX X cX

Cfj dfm`d`\ekfj XĂ&#x201D;idXk`mfj [\ ZXY\qX kiXejd`k\e d\ejX$ a\j [`]\i\ek\j j\^Â&#x2019;e jl i`kdf% :lXe[f jfe i}g`[fj j`^e`Ă&#x201D;ZXe ½\ek`\e[f# Zfek`eÂ&#x2019;Xž# g\if j` jfe [\dXj`X[f i}g`[fj gl\$ [\e `e[`ZXi ½hl\ j\ [Â&#x201E; gi`jX p k\id`e\ž% :lXe[f jfe df[\$ iX[fj1 ½Zfdgi\e[f p \jkfp [\ XZl\i[fž# p ZlXe[f jfe c\ekfj j`^e`Ă&#x201D;ZXe ½\ek`\e[f g\if \j$ kfp le gfZf Zfe]le[`[fž% CX `eZc`eXZ`Â?e [\ ZXY\qX \j fkiX g`jkX% LeX `eZc`eXZ`Â?e _XZ`X [\cXek\ p X le cX[f j`^e`Ă&#x201D;ZX ½k\ \jZlZ_fž% P ZlXe[f mX XZfdgXÂ&#x152;X[X [\ leX jfei`jX Xld\ekXe cfj j\ek`d`\ekfj [\ j`dgXkÂ&#x2C6;X _XZ`X \jX g\ijf$ eX% :lXe[f cX `eZc`eXZ`Â?e j\ gif[lZ\ _XZ`X Xki}j hl`\i\ [\Z`i ½\jkfp g\ejXe[f kl gi\^lekXž%

fkiX g\ijfeX X Zfdle`ZXij\ p _XZ\ d}j Zfem`eZ\ek\ \c [`jZlijf% J`e \dYXi^f# cX d`iX[X ef gl\[\ j\i kXe Ă&#x201D;aX hl\ i\jlck\ [fd`eXek\ f XmXjXccX[fiX% P d`iXi gfZf gl\[\ j\i jÂ&#x2C6;ekfdX [\ k`d`[\q%

Â&#x203A; CX [`jkXeZ`X1 kf[Xj cXj g\ijfeXj k`\e\e le \jgXZ`f g\ijfeXc Â&#x2C6;ek`df hl\ XcZXeqX lefj ZlXekfj Z\ekÂ&#x2C6;$

d\kifj Xci\[\[fi [\c gifg`f Zl\igf# [fe[\ jfcf [\aXe hl\ \eki\e gXi\aXj f Â&#x2C6;ek`dfj% Le gfhl`kf d}j Xdgc`X \j cX qfeX g\ijfeXc c\aXeX# [fe[\ j\ j`kÂ&#x2019;Xe Xd`^fj f ZfdgXÂ&#x152;\ifj Zfe cfj hl\ j\ dXek`\e\ leX Yl\eX i\cXZ`Â?e% 8 cfj \okiXÂ&#x152;fj ef j\ c\j [\aX XkiXm\jXi \jX YXii\iX Xlehl\ X m\Z\j ef _Xp d}j i\d\[`f1 \c Ylj# \c XjZ\ejfi# \c d\kifÂż <ekfeZ\j j\ k\ejX \c Zl\igf p j\ d`iX Xc `eĂ&#x201D;e`kf Zfdf [`Z`\e$ [f ½\e i\Xc`[X[ ef \jkfp XhlÂ&#x2C6;ž%

Â&#x203A; CX gfjkliX ZfigfiXc1 cX dXe\iX [\ ZXd`eXi# [\ j\ekXij\ f [\ \jkXi [\ g`\ `e[`ZX ZÂ?df j\ j`\ek\ leX g\ijfeX% J\ gl\[\ kiXejd`k`i \jZ\gk`Z`jdf Zfe cfj _fdYifj \eZf^`[fj # X^i\j`m`[X[ Xgi\kXe[f cfj glÂ&#x152;fj # `e[`]\i\eZ`X Zfe leX gfjkliX \oZ\j`mXd\ek\ i\cXaX[X \e leX Zfem\ijXZ`Â?e f ]XckX [\ ZfeĂ&#x201D;XeqX \e lef d`jdf Zfe \c Zl\igf ZfekiXÂ&#x2C6;[f %

Â&#x203A; Cfj ^\jkfj1 X m\Z\j le ^\jkf mXc\ d}j hl\ d`c gXcXYiXj% Gfi \a\dgcf# leX jfei`jX \e \c dfd\ekf

fgfiklef jlXm`qX k\ej`fe\j# ]XZ`c`kX cX Zfdle`ZXZ`Â?e p f]i\Z\ ZfeĂ&#x201D;XeqX% 8_fiX# hl\ j` \jX jfei`jX j\ ml\cm\ le gfZf YlicfeX# kiXejd`k`i} i\Z_Xqf p [\jgi\Z`f _XZ`X cfj [\d}j%

<C KI@Ă?E>LCF ;< C8 8D@JK8; <c cl^Xi _XZ`X [fe[\ [`i`^`dfj cX d`iX[X kXdY`Â&#x201E;e [`Z\ dlZ_f% :lXe[f j\ kiXkX [\ g\ijfeXj hl\ j\ XZXYXe [\ ZfefZ\i j\ dXek`\e\ cX d`iX[X [\ekif [\c ki`}e^lcf ]fidX[f gfi cfj fafj p cX eXi`q2 \eki\ Xd`^fj j\ XdgcÂ&#x2C6;X \jX }i\X gXiX `e$ Zcl`i cX YfZX% 9XaXi cX d`iX[X gfi [\YXaf [\ cX ZXiX k`\e[\ X `ek\igi\kXij\ Zfdf le dXpfi [\j\f [\ `ek`d`[X[ p gl\[\ _XZ\i hl\ leX g\ijfeX# jfYi\ kf[f j` \j dla\i# j\ j`\ekX e\i$ m`fjX f \e]X[X[X Xc m\icf Zfdf leX `ej`elXZ`Â?e j\olXc%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:+ /

ÓY^W

CXj XZk`kl[\j e\^Xk`mXj gfe\e cXj ZfjXj d}j [`] Z`c\j

%LõARTEõDEõAMARGARSEõLAõVIDA ½Le fgk`d`jkX \j le g\j`d`jkX dXc `e]fidX[f¾ \j le k g`Zf hl\ gXiX eX[X j\ XaljkX X cX i\Xc`[X[% LeX d`jdX j`klXZ` e g\iZ`Y`[X gfi [fj g\ijfeXj gl\[\ [Xi cl^Xi X [fj \jkX[fj [\ }e`df p [fj i\jlckX[fj dlp [`]\i\ek\j% CX k\e[\eZ`X X m\i \c cX[f e\^Xk`mf [\ cXj ZfjXj ^XiXek`qX \c jl]i`d`\ekf Zfek`elf p cX [`ÔZlckX[ gXiX cc\^Xi X jfclZ`fe\j ZfejkilZk`mXj% <e ZXdY`f# \c _\Z_f [\ m\i \c cX[f gfj`k`mf [\ cX i\Xc`[X[ Xpl[X X jlg\iXi cfj gifYc\dXj p# cf d}j `dgfikXek\# _XZ\ cX m`[X d}j ]\c`q p cc\mX[\iX%

<j Zl\jk` e [\ g\ijg\Zk`mX1 \c Zc}j`Zf \a\dgcf [\c hl\ m\ \c mXjf d\[`f mXZ f f d\[`f cc\$ ef% <jkX `[\X \j cX hl\ gcXjdX GXlc NXkqcXn`Zb \e jl [`m\ik`$ [f c`Yif <c Xik\ [\ XdXi^Xij\ cX m`[X# hl\ [\jZi`Y\ Zfe dlZ_X ^iXZ`X \c Xik\ [\ Xgi\e[\i X j\i `e]\c`q% <jk\ \j le \okiXZkf [\ jlj jXY`fj Zfej\afj gXiX j\i leX g\ijfeX XdXi^l\kXj1 ` :i Xk\ gifYc\dXj# p j` ef

k`\e\j YXjkXek\ Zfe cfj klpfj# Xjld\ cfj [\ cfj [\d}j% Cc\$ eX kl m`[X [\ Zfdgc`ZXZ`fe\j# i\Xc\j f ÔZk`Z`Xj# \jf \j cf [\ d\efj% ` G`\ejX hl\ j`\dgi\ k`\e\j cX

iXq e% Kf[f \j YcXeZf f e\^if# p jfcf \o`jk\ leX m\i[X[ XYjf$ clkX1 cX klpX% ` M`m\ fYj\j`feX[f Zfe \c gX$

jX[f% <c`^\ le XZfek\Z`d`\ekf e\^Xk`mf [\ kl d\dfi`X# Zfe$ m` ik\cf \e i\Zl\i[f `dYfiiX$ Yc\# p ki}\cf X kl d\ek\ leX p fkiX m\q# _XjkX hl\ jfcf m`mXj gXiX g\ejXi \e \ccf% ` Kf[f gXjX[f ]l\ j`\dgi\

d\afi% I\Zl i[Xcf Zfdf leX gfZX Y\ccX p g\i[`[X hl\ pX ef

i\^i\jXi} aXd}j% JfYi\ kf[f# j` _lYf leX i\cXZ` e XdfifjX hl\ ef ]leZ`fe # X] iiXk\ X \ccX p \jg\iX X hl\ Xc^ e [ X i\jliaX [\ jlj Z\e`qXj% J` ef cf _XZ\# Y jZXk\ leX i\cXZ` e gXi\Z`[X X cX Xek\i`fi% ` <c gi\j\ek\ ef d\i\Z\ cX

g\eX% 8gcXqX \c [`j]ilk\ [\ cfj gcXZ\i\j [\c dfd\ekf# gl\[\ hl\ \c ]lklif k\ i\j\i$ m\ k\ii`Yc\j kiX^\[`Xj% G`\ejX \e \ccf% ` <e kl m`[X Zfk`[`XeX# gifgfe$

k\ \jkXi ZfejkXek\d\ek\ Zfe$ kiXi`X[f% Gfi \a\dgcf# X g`\ f \e ZfZ_\# ZlXe[f cc\^l\j X le j\d}]fif \e ifaf ef jlZldYXj Xek\ kl iXq e hl\ k\ [`Z\ hl\ cX clq ZXdY`X X `ek\imXcfj [\ k`\dgf1 ZfeZ` eZ`Xk\ [\ hl\ j\ gfe\ \e ifaf X gifg j`kf gfihl\ k cc\^Xj% ` :fe kl gXi\aX1 _Xp `eÔe`kXj

gfj`Y`c`[X[\j [\ ki`le]Xi \e \c Xik\ [\ XdXi^Xij\ cX m`[X% Gfi \a\dgcf# [Xc\ [fj fgZ`fe\j X \jZf^\i# p \e]}[Xk\ ZlXe[f ef \c`aX cX fkiX% F kXdY` e1 [`c\ leX ZfjX _`i`\ek\# p ZlXe[f j\ i\ml\cmX i\d}kXcf Zfe le \oXjg\iXek\ ½\iX YifdX¾%

<E 9I<M< <J HL< PF JFP 8Jà ½HlÂ&#x201E; d}j hl`j`\iX pf hl\ j\i fgk`d`jkX# g\if cX m`[X d\ _X _\Z_f i\Xc`jkXž \j cX Zc}j`ZX ]iXj\ [\ hl`\e XZ\gkX Zfe i\$ j`^eXZ`Â?e cfj gifYc\dXj# p ef _XZ\ eX[X gfi jfclZ`feXicfj# gfi cf hl\ \c i\jlckX[f \jÂż hl\ ef j\ jfclZ`feXe% <e gj`Zfcf$ ^Â&#x2C6;X# X \jk\ ZÂ&#x2C6;iZlcf Z\iiX[f j\ c\ ccXdX cX gif]\ZÂ&#x2C6;X XlkfZldgc`$ [X# p \j kÂ&#x2C6;g`Zf \e g\ijfeXj hl\ Zi\\e hl\ \j `eÂ&#x2019;k`c \j]fiqXij\ \e ZXdY`Xi%

<C ?FD9I< <E 9LJ:8 ;< J<EK@;F ?XjkX \e cXj Zfe[`Z`fe\j d}j [`]Â&#x2C6;Z`c\j# lef gl\[\ i\Zlii`i X cXj XZk`kl[\j gfj`k`mXj gXiX j\^l`i m`mf p dXek\e\i cX \jg\iXeqX% 8jÂ&#x2C6; cf [\dl\jkiX \c gj`hl`XkiX al[Â&#x2C6;f MÂ&#x2C6;Zkfi <% =iXebc# \e jl c`Yif <c _fdYi\ \e YljZX [\ j\ek`[f# hl\ i\cXkX jl \og\i`\eZ`X Zfdf gi`j`fe\$ if \e le ZXdgf [\ \ok\id`e`f eXq`% =iXebc XZlÂ&#x152;Â? \c kÂ&#x201E;id`ef cf^fk\iXg`X gXiX i\]\i`ij\ Xc dÂ&#x201E;kf[f k\iXgÂ&#x201E;lk`Zf hl\ ZliX X kiXmÂ&#x201E;j [\ cX ZXgXZ`[X[ hl\ kf[f `e[`m`[lf k`\e\ gXiX g\ejXi# _XYcXi p [`i`^`ij\ X lef d`jdf \e gfj`k`mf%

:+ /

Ă&#x201C;Y^W

:; L;P ;D 9K7D:Ež KD7 8K;D7 97H97@7:7 CX i`jX [\jXZk`mX cX X^i\j`m`[X[1 \j `dgfj`Yc\ \jkXi \e]X[X[f p i\Â&#x2C6;ij\ X cX m\q# [\ cX d`jdX ]fidX hl\ \j `dgfj`Yc\ d\k\i gi`d\iX p dXiZ_X Xki}j \e le ZfZ_\ Xc d`jdf k`\dgf% <jkX `dgfj`Y`c`[X[ `dgc`ZX hl\ j` j\ Zfej`^l\ jXZXic\ leX i`jX X Xc^l`\e ZfekiXi`X[fÂż ¡j\ XZXYÂ? \c \e]X[f <e \c XlcX \j ]i\Zl\ek\ \eZfekiXij\ Xek\ Xc^Â&#x2019;e Xcldef Zfe XZk`kl[\j _fjk`c\j gfZf [`jgl\jkf X ZfcXYfiXi% G\if j` \c gif]\jfi c\ Zfej`^l\ _XZ\i i\Â&#x2C6;i Zfe Â&#x201E;c# ef [\ Â&#x201E;c# ZcXif _XYi} ^XeX[f dlZ_fj glekfj p# jfYi\ kf[f# _XYi} \m`kX[f le el\mf ZfeĂ&#x2022;`Zkf ½[\j^XjkX$gXZ`\eZ`Xjž% G\if cfj Y\e\Ă&#x201D;Z`fj [\ i\Â&#x2C6;ij\# jfYi\ kf[f ZlXe[f j\ _XZ\ Zfe ^XeXj# jfe dlZ_fj fkifj1 8 e`m\c ]Â&#x2C6;j`Zf1

Â&#x203A; :fe ZX[X ZXiZXaX[X j\ gfe\e \e dXiZ_X Z\iZX [\ +'' dÂ&#x2019;jZlcfj# `eZcl`[fj Xc^lefj [\c \jkÂ?dX^f hl\ jfcf j\ gl\[\e \a\iZ`kXi [\ \jkX dXe\iX%

Â&#x203A; <ekiX \c [fYc\ [\ X`i\ \e cfj glcdfe\j# Zfe cf hl\ j\ Zfej`^l\ leX dXpfi fo`^\eXZ`Â?e% Â&#x203A; J\ c`Y\iXe \e[fiĂ&#x201D;eXj# cfj j\[Xek\j eXkliXc\j [\c Z\i\Yif# j`d`cXi\j X cX dfiĂ&#x201D;eX% Gfi \jf# Z`eZf f j\`j d`elkfj [\ i`jX Zfek`elX XZkÂ&#x2019;Xe Zfdf le XeXc^Â&#x201E;j`Zf%

Â&#x203A; I\alm\e\Z\ cX g`\c Xc \jk`iXi p \jk`dlcXi cfj dÂ&#x2019;jZlcfj [\ cX ZXiX% K`\e\# X[\d}j# le \]\Zkf kfe`Ă&#x201D;ZXek\ p Xek`Xiil^Xj%

P X e`m\c gj`ZfcÂ?^`Zf# \c Yl\e _ldfi# \e ^\e\iXc# k`\e\ cXj j`^l`\ek\j m`ikl[\j1

Â&#x203A; <c`d`eX \c \jkiÂ&#x201E;j# pX hl\ cXj \e[fiĂ&#x201D;eXj p cX X[i\eXc`eX hl\ j\ gfe\e \e dXiZ_X \c\mXe \c kfef m`kXc% Â&#x203A; :fdYXk\ cX [\gi\j`Â?e p Xpl[X X m\i \c cX[f gfj`k`mf [\ cXj ZfjXj% Â&#x203A; 8ZkÂ&#x2019;X Zfdf Xc`m`f Xek\ j`klXZ`fe\j [fcfifjXj f e\^Xk`mXj2 Xpl[X X i\cXk`m`qXi p X ½[`^\i`iž cX i\Xc`$ [X[%

Â&#x203A; 8 kiXmÂ&#x201E;j [\ cX i`jX cXj g\ijfeXj \ok\i`fi`qXe \dfZ`fe\j p j\ek`d`\ekfj# gifZ\jf e\Z\jXi`f gXiX \c Y`\e\jkXi g\ijfeXc%

Â&#x203A; 8pl[X X \ek\e[\i cfj ]iXZXjfj Zfdf fgfikle`[X[\j gXiX Xgi\e[\i%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:+ '&

ÓY^W

<c ZfekXZkf ] j`Zf \j leX e\Z\j`[X[ \e \c j\i _ldXef

_1U·õFALTAõDEõTACTO õ :X[X m\q efj kfZXdfj d\efj% K\Zc\Xi le d\ejXa\ [\ k\okf# _XYcXi gfi \c k\c ]fef d m`c f Zfdle`ZXij\ X kiXm j [\ cX gXekXccX [\c fi[\eX[fi jfcf \o`^\ gfe\i \e XZZ` e le gXi [\ j\ek`[fj1 \c m`jlXc p \c Xl[`k`mf% <c i\jkf ÇkXZkf# fc]Xkf p ^ljkfÇ j\ [\aXe [\ cX[f% Cfj fcfi\j# efj _\dfj fcm`[X[f [\ Z df j\ `ek\igi\kXYXe2 \c ^ljkf# cf [\aXdfj gXiX cfj ½^flid\kj¾2 p \c kXZkf¿ ·8p # \c kXZkf efj [X dlZ_ j`df d`\[f% Le ifZ\ dXc`ek\igi\kX[f gl\[\ Xiil`eXiefj el\jkif Yl\e XdY`\ek\ cXYfiXc# le Y\jf ZlXe[f ef j\ \jg\iX gl\[\ m`fc\ekXi X le Xd`^f# le XYiXqf [\dXj`X[f \]lj`mf¿ D\afi \em`\dfj le d\ejXa\ [\ k\okf# hl\ gl\[\ `i Y`\e g\ejX[f p \j d}j Xj gk`Zf% J`e \dYXi^f kfZXi# g\if jfYi\ kf[f j\i kfZX[f# \j leX e\Z\j`$ [X[ Y`fc ^`ZX ]le[Xd\ekXc \e dlZ_Xj \jg\Z`\j# \eki\ \ccXj cX el\jkiX% Cfj `em\jk`^X[fi\j Xj\^liXe hl\ \c ZfekXZkf ] j`$ Zf \j kXe `dgfikXek\ Zfdf \c Zfd\i f \c [fid`i# jfYi\ kf[f \e cfj gi`d\ifj X fj [\ m`[X% P \j gfihl\ gif[lZ\ ZXd$ Y`fj [\ k`gf Ôj`fc ^`Zf hl\# \eki\ fkiXj ZfjXj# \jk`dlcX \c ]leZ`feXd`\ekf [\c j`jk\dX `edle`kXi`f% KXdY` e \jk} ZfdgifYX[X jl `ed\[`XkX gif[lZZ` e [\ \e[fiÔeXj# Zfe cfj Zfej`^l`\ek\j \]\Zkfj i\cXaXek\j p kiXehl`c`qXek\j%

KXdY` e \j Z`\ikf hl\ \c _\Z_f [\ kfZXij\ \jk} jla\kf X ]l\ik\j kXY \j hl\ [`ÔZlckXe hl\ cX ZXi`Z`X j\X le d\[`f d}j [\ \ogi\j` e [\ el\jkiXj \dfZ`fe\j% =l\iX [\c }dY`kf [\ cX i\cXZ` e j\olXc# \j [`] Z`c hl\ \eki\ \c kXZkf d}j Xcc} [\ le Xgi\k e [\ dXefj f [fj i}g`[fj Z_fhl\j [\ d\a`ccX hl\i`\e[f j`dlcXi [fj Y\jfj% Gfi ef _XYcXi [\ cX kfekX k`d`[\q hl\ c\j \ekiX X cfj e` fj hl\ j\ Zfej`[\iXe pX dXpfi\j# gfZf i\Z\gk`mfj X cXj ZXi`Z`Xj p Y\jfj [\ cfj X[lckfj gfi \ek\e[\i hl\ \jf \j ZfjX [\ e` fj%

<e \c ZXjf [\c i\Z` e eXZ`[f# \c [`}cf^f hl\ \jkXYc\Z\ Zfe cfj hl\ cf if[\Xe \j X kiXm j [\ cX g`\c% J` \jkXj gi`d\iXj Zfdl$ e`ZXZ`fe\j ef j\ gif[lZ\e# cXj Zfej\Zl\eZ`Xj \dfZ`feX$ c\j# X]\Zk`mXj \ `ek\c\ZklXc\j gl\[\e j\i dlp ^iXm\j# kXc p Zfdf [\dfjki \e jl [ X Jg`kq Zfe e` fj `ek\ieX[fj \e fi]XeXkfj p ZXjXj [\ XZf^`[X% <jkl[`fj d}j i\Z`\ek\j Zfiif$ YfiXe hl\ cfj e` fj hl\ ef _Xe j`[f XZXi`Z`X[fj# Y\jX[fj p XYiXqX[fj gfi jlj gif^\e`$ kfi\j k`\e[\e X gX[\Z\i ^iXm\j kiXjkfiefj [\ Zi\Z`d`\ekf p [\ [\jXiifccf%

P \e gXik\ \jkf fZlii\ gfihl\ \e cfj Zfc\^`fj cfj Xcldefj jfe d\ek\j# ef Zl\igfj2 j\ c\j \mXc Xe cfj ZfefZ`d`\ekfj# eleZX jlj _XY`c`[X[\j jfZ`Xc\j2 j\ c\j _XZ\e \o}d\e\j \jZi`kfj# aXd}j [\ cX ZXgXZ`[X[ [\ Zfem\ijXi f \jkXYc\Z\i \dgXk X Zfe cfj [\d}j% J`e \dYXi^f# ZlXe[f cc\^l\e X leX \eki\m`jkX [\ kiXYX$ af XeXc`qXi}e jl ]fidX [\ m\jk`i# [\ \ogi\jXij\# [\ ^\jk`ZlcXi# [\ d`iXi \ `e$ Zcljf [\ kfZXi% Ef \j e\$ Z\jXi`f `dX^`eXij\ Z df gf[i Xe i\jlckXi cXj ZcXj\j

[\ Pf$k\$kfZf$k $d\$kfZXj \e cfj Z\ekifj \jZfcXi\j# g\if j j\i X `ek\i\jXek\ p gfj`Yc\ i\$ ]fiqXi cX \ogi\j` e ZfigfiXc# \c Xgi\e[`qXa\ [\ cXj _XY`c`[X[\j jfZ`Xc\j f cXj k Ze`ZXj [\ i\cXaXZ` e1 \m`kXi Xe dlZ_fj [\jX$

aljk\j Zfe \c gifg`f Zl\igf p \e cX i\cXZ` e Zfe cfj [\d}j%

<E 9I<M< ½KäHL<D<# GFI =8MFIž <jkX \okiXÂ&#x152;X g\k`Z`Â?e \j \c kÂ&#x2C6;klcf# c`k\iXc# [\c ]Xdfjf c`Yif \jZi`kf \e cfj XÂ&#x152;fj .' gfi AXe\ ?fnXi[% <e Â&#x201E;c# cX XlkfiX eXiiX jlj \og\i`\eZ`Xj \e le Zlij`$ ccf gi}Zk`Zf [\c Dfm`d`\ekf [\ Gfk\eZ`Xc 8mXeqX[f \e \c hl\ cX gi}Zk`ZX [\ cX Zfdle`ZXZ`Â?e ef m\iYXc p cX i\Zlg\iXZ`Â?e [\ cfj j\ek`[fj fcm`[X[fj# Zfdf \c k}Zk`c# \iXe Xc^lefj [\ jlj fYa\k`mfj% <c c`Yif \dg`\qX XjÂ&#x2C6;1 ½<j gifYXYc\ hl\ ccfi\j Ă&#x2021;d\ [`af Xc^l`\e hl\ _XYÂ&#x2C6;X \jkX[f XccÂ&#x2C6;Ă&#x2021; p kXdY`Â&#x201E;e hl\ k\e^Xj leX \og\i`\eZ`X \ok}k`ZX [\ ^iXe XckliX% Cf j\^lif \j hl\ ef k\ XYlii`i}jž%

:+ '&

Ă&#x201C;Y^W 7B=KD7I FĂ&#x;B:EH7I

Â&#x203A; ½:iÂ&#x201E;Xed\ hl\# j` \[lZXdfj cXj \dfZ`fe\j# \c `ek\c\Zkf j\ Zl`[Xi} jfcfž E\`c# (0./ % Â&#x203A; ½Cf d}j `iÂ?e`Zf p cf d}j [\gcfiXYc\ \j hl\ \jk\ Zl\igf hl\ _\dfj ZfejX^iX[f _X j`[f `em\ekX[f

jfcf gXiX gif[lZ`i# gXiX Zfejld`i p gXiX [\]\ZXi fYa\kfj g\if ef gXiX i\cXZ`feXij\ Zfe cfj fkifj Zl\igfj% :fe \ccfj# p _XjkX Zfe el\jkif gifg`f Zl\igf# cX [`jkXeZ`X hl\ dXek\e\dfj \j XÂ&#x2019;e `eĂ&#x201D;e`kXž ?Â&#x201E;Zkfi 9fĂ&#x201D;cc# )''* %

Â&#x203A; ½KfZXi p j\i kfZX[f ef jfcf Zfejk`klp\ le XZkf [\ Zfdle`ZXZ`Â?e# j`ef [\ \jk`dlcXZ`Â?e [\c gifg`f Y`\e\jkXi ]Â&#x2C6;j`Zf p \dfZ`feXc [\c `e[`m`[lfž ;Xm`j# (00/ %

Â&#x203A; ½CX \[lZXZ`Â?e j\ _X fZlgX[f [\ cc\eXi cXj ZXY\qXj [\ ZfefZ`d`\ekfj p j\ _X fcm`[X[f [\ ]fidXi

g\ijfeXj ZXgXZ\j [\ ZfdgXik`i jlj \dfZ`fe\j p [\ lk`c`qXi \c c\e^lXa\ ZfigfiXc gXiX \ogi\jXi X]\Zkf p \jk`dX% Jfdfj j\i\j \dfZ`feXc\j p jfdfj Zl\igfj# g\if ef jXY\dfj Y`\e hlÂ&#x201E; _XZ\i Zfe \ccfj% CX \[lZXZ`Â?e [\Y\iÂ&#x2C6;X i\gXiXi \jk\ [Â&#x201E;Ă&#x201D;Z`k _`jkÂ?i`Zfž 9XZ_ p ;Xi[\i# )''* %

D8EFJ ;< FIF Ef cc\^X Zfe jXY\i hl\ efj hl`\i\e# e\Z\j`kXdfj j\ek`i$ cf% CX e\Z\j`[X[ [\ ZfekXZkf ZfigfiXc \j ]le[Xd\ekXc gXiX cX jXcl[ ]Â&#x2C6;j`ZX p gj`ZfcÂ?^`ZX [\ cfj j\i\j _ldXefj# jfYi\ kf[f \e cX `e]XeZ`X% CXj ZXi`Z`Xj# cfj jXcl[fj# cfj XYiXqfj# cXj gXcdX$ [`kXjÂż jfe gfj`Yc\j ^iXZ`Xj X cXj dXefj# _\iiXd`\ekXj ]le[Xd\ekXc\j [\ Zfdle`ZX$ Z`Â?e% P ef jfdfj cfj Â&#x2019;e`Zfj hl\ [\g\e[\dfj [\c ZfekXZkf Zl\igf X Zl\igf% Cfj gi`dXk\j [\[`ZXe \eki\ \c (, p ), [\ jl k`\dgf [`Xi`f X kfZXij\ cfj lefj X cfj fkifj%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:+ ''

ÓY^W

: df [Xi i\jgl\jkXj e\^Xk`mXj

9AõTEõDIJEõQUEõNO ¶Gfi hl X d\el[f [\Z`dfj j ZlXe[f \e i\Xc`[X[ hl\i\dfj [\Z`i ef6 Gl\j gfi d`\[f X hl\ cfj [\d}j j\ \e]X[\e# [\a\e [\ j\i el\jkifj Zfc\^Xj f c\j \dg\Z\dfj X ZX\i dXc2 kXdY` e gfi ]XckX [\ Xlkf\jk`dX# gfi k`d`[\q f j`dgc\d\ek\ gfi j\^l`i \jX ZfjkldYi\ kXe \jgX fcX [\ XZ\gkXi j`\dgi\ leX `em`kXZ` e Xlehl\ ef j\X \e \c d\afi dfd\ekf1 m\e^X \jX Z\im\qX# m\e^X \j\ glif f m\e^X \jX Z\eX%%% Xlehl\ Xc [ X j`^l`\ek\ _XpX hl\ kiXYXaXi% J` \jkf fZlii\ Zfe X[lckfj# ¶hl\ ef gXjXi} Zfe e` fj p X[fc\jZ\ek\j6 Gl\j hl\ cXj j`klXZ`fe\j [\ i`\j^f \jk}e X cX fi[\e [\c [ X% P# \e \jk\ Zfek\okf# Xgi\e[\i X [\Z`i ef \j leX Yl\eX [\]\ejX%

J\Xj e` f# X[fc\jZ\ek\ f X[lc$ kf# j` \i\j [\ cfj hl\ k\ Zl\jkX [Xi leX e\^Xk`mX gfi i\jgl\jkX# Xhl k`\e\j leX \jkiXk\^`X \e ZlXkif j\eZ`ccfj gXjfj gXiX [\]\e[\ik\1

(% <ek iXk\ [\ hl g`\ Zfa\Xj1 ¶\i\j [\dXj`X[f X^i\j`mf X cX _fiX [\ [\Z`i ef6# ¶\i\j kXe gXj`mf hl\ [`Z\j X kf[f hl\ j 6# ¶f \jk}j \e d\[`f# \j [\Z`i# \e cX m`ikl[6

8% <c [`jZf iXpX[f1 j\ lk`c`qX

;% :fikXi gfi cf jXef% <e Xc^lefj

ZlXe[f \c `ek\icfZlkfi j\ gfe\ dlp g\jX[f \ `ej`jk\ek\ p efj X^fY`X Zfe jlj g\k`Z`fe\j% CX ]iXj\ ZcXm\ X lk`c`qXi \j ½ef d\ `ek\i\jX¾% <j dlp k`c Xek\ [\j$ ZfefZ`[fj# jfYi\ kf[f ZlXe[f hl`\i\e m\e[\i Xc^f% Gfi jlgl\jkf# cX ]iXj\ j\ i\g`k\ cXj m\Z\j hl\ j\X e\Z\jXi`f%

ZXjfj k\ m\i}j fYc`^X[f X i\Zl$ ii`i X \jkX k Ze`ZX hl\ Zfej`j$ k\ j`dgc\d\ek\ \e [\Z`ic\ Xc ZfdgX \if [\ klief hl\ ef hl`\i\j _XYcXi [\c k\dX% ½P glekf i\[fe[f¾% 8 Xc^lef [\

9% 8gcXqXi cX i\jgl\jkX1

*% <jZf^\ leX [\ cXj ZlXkif

Zfej`jk\ \e [Xi cXi^Xj Xc g\ijfeXc% <j leX \jg\Z`\ [\ ef g\if le gfZf ZX$ dlÕX[f [\ jl\ik\ hl\ ef _`\i\ cfj j\ek`d`\ekfj [\ cfj [\d}j% Gl\[\ jXc[Xij\ Zfe le ½hl`q}j cX j\dXeX hl\ m`\e\¾%

k Ze`ZXj hl\ \ogfe\dfj d}j XYXaf1 leX `i} d\afi hl\ fkiX%

:% 8c`Xij\ Zfe \c \e\d`^f1 j` ef

)% @[\ek`ÔZX cXj j`klXZ`fe\j [\ i`\j^f \e cXj hl\ k\ Zl\jkX d}j [\Z`i hl\ ef1 Zfe kl gXi\aX# Zfe cfj Zfc\^Xj# Zfe cfj [\jZfef$ Z`[fj%%%

+% GfecX \e gi}Zk`ZX p \m`kX cXj dXe`glcXZ`fe\j [\ cfj [\d}j% Ef k\ fcm`[\j [\ dXe\aXi Y`\e kl Zfe[lZkX ef m\iYXc d`iX[X X cfj fafj# kfef [\ mfq Ôid\# gfjkliX \i^l`[X g\if j`e k\e$ j`fe\j % 8hl k`\e\j cXj k Ze`ZXj hl\ d\afi ]leZ`feXe X cX _fiX [\ [Xi i\jgl\jkXj e\^Xk`mXj j`e f]\e[\i Xc g\ijfeXc1

gl\[\j Zfe kl \e\d`^f# e\k\ X c% <j [\Z`i# hl\ j`# leX m\q hl\ c\ \ogc`ZXjk\ klj iXqfe\j# k\ XkXZX [`$ Z`\e[f hl\ ½\jf ef j\ _XZ\¾ \ekfeZ\j cf d\afi \j [\Z`ic\ hl\ k`\e\ iXq e p cX ]iXj\ d}^`ZX1 ½PX# cf j`\ekf# g\if%%%¾% 8j \jZl$ Z_Xj cX g\k`Z` e [\c fkif p X Zfek`elXZ` e \ogi\jXj Zfe kiXehl`c`[X[ \c dfk`mf [\c ef%

el\jkifj gfc k`Zfj c\ ^ljkX dl$ Z_f lk`c`qXi \jkX \jkiXk\^`X% P c\ ]leZ`feX%

<E 9I<M< 8?Ă K@<E<J I8QäE Kè GXiX jXY\i [\Z`i ef# _Xp hl\ j\i leX g\ijfeX Xj\ik`mX% LeX m\q d}j# cX Xj\ik`m`[X[ j\ gi\j\ekX Zfdf leX ZlXc`[X[ ]le[Xd\ekXc \e cXj i\cXZ`f$ e\j jfZ`Xc\j jXk`j]XZkfi`Xj% J\ kiXkX [\ [\]\e[\i cfj [\i\Z_fj gifg`fj j`e Xd\eXqXi cfj [\ cfj fkifj% Kf[f \c dle[f k`\e\ [\i\Z_f X \ogi\jXi jl glekf [\ m`jkX# \jkÂ&#x201E; [\ XZl\i[f f ef Zfe \c [\c i\jkf% P leX ]fidX [\ Xj\^liXij\ hl\ leX `[\X i\Z`Y`i} leX Yl\eX XZf^`[X \j mXcfiXi Zfe Xek\i`fi`[X[ cXj [\ cfj [\d}j%

:+ ''

Ă&#x201C;Y^W

C?D?J;IJ0 ÂľL7 9EDJ?=E ;B 9K;DJE5 8 cf d\afi g`\ejXj hl\ \jk\ k\dX ef mX Zfek`^f1 Zi\\j hl\ \i\j ZXgXq [\ [\Z`i jÂ&#x2C6; ZlXe[f \j e\Z\jXi`f# p [\ [\Z`i ef ZlXe[f \j fgfiklef% Gl\j gfek\ X gil\YX i\jgfe[`\e[f X \jk\ d`e`k\jk% Gl\[\ hl\ k\ ZXdY`\ \c Zl\ekf%%% ( Âś:fdgiXj ZfjXj hl\ ef [\j\Xj jfcXd\ek\ gfihl\ k\ i\jlckX [`]Â&#x2C6;Z`c [\Z`ic\ hl\ ef Xc m\e[\[fi hl\

XdXYc\d\ek\ k\ Xk\e[`Â?6 ) J` Xc^l`\e _XYcX \e mfq XckX [liXek\ leX g\cÂ&#x2C6;ZlcX# Âś\i\j ZXgXq [\ [\Z`ic\ hl\ ZXcc\ cX YfZX6 * :lXe[f le Xd`^f klpf k\ g`[\ hl\ [\a\j [\ \jkl[`Xi \c \oXd\e [\c [Â&#x2C6;X j`^l`\ek\ gXiX `i Zfe Â&#x201E;c X [Xi

leX ml\ckX# Âśk\ j`\ek\j Zfe ]l\iqXj gXiX [\Z`ic\ hl\ ef6 + :lXe[f k\ f]i\Z\e le Z`^Xiif# leX Z\im\qX f ZlXchl`\i fkiX ZfjX hl\ ef k\ Xg\k\Z\ Zfejld`i# Âś\i\j

ZXgXq [\ e\^Xik\ [\cXek\ [\ le ^ilgf [\ ^\ek\ hl\ \jg\iX kl i\XZZ`Â?e6 J` i\jgfe[\j e\^Xk`mXd\ek\ X leX f d}j Zl\jk`fe\j# hl`\i\ [\Z`i hl\ k`\e\j hl\ _XZ\ik\ le gfZf d}j ]l\ik\ _XjkX Xgi\e[\i X gfj`Z`feXik\ [\ leX dXe\iX Xj\ik`mX Xek\ cfj [\d}j%

CFJ ;<C EF ` Ef k\ j`\ekXj ZlcgXYc\ gfi

[\Z`i ef% ` ;\Z`i ef ZlXe[f cf Zfe$ j`[\iXj aljkf p [\j\XYc\ \j leX dXe\iX [\ ZfdgifYXi \e hlÂ&#x201E; d\[`[X k\ hl`\i\e p mXcfiXe gfi cf hl\ kÂ&#x2019; \i\j \e i\Xc`[X[% ` J` \a\iZ\j kl [\i\Z_f X [\Z`i ef# gl\[\j ZfeĂ&#x201D;Xi \e hl\ cfj [\d}j _Xi}e cf gifg`f% CX Zf$ dle`ZXZ`Â?e j\i} d}j XlkÂ&#x201E;ek`ZX p Ă&#x2022;l`[X% ` J` gfi [\Z`i le ef hl\ Zfe$

j`[\iXj Xgifg`X[f Xc^l`\e j\ \e]X[X Zfek`^f%%% pX jXY\j hlÂ&#x201E; k`gf [\ Xd`jkX[ k\eÂ&#x2C6;Xj%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:+ '(

ÓY^W

CX kfdX [\ [\Z`j`fe\j (

9õELõA¿OõQUEõVIENE õzQU· J\ kiXkX [\ XeXc`qXi mXi`Xj Xck\ieXk`mXj# \jZf^\i leX [\ \ccXj p i\eleZ`Xi Xc i\jkf% <ekfeZ\j cX [\Z`j` e pX \jk} kfdX[X% 8j \ogc`ZX[f gXi\Z\ le gifZ\jf dlp j\eZ`ccf# Xlehl\ cX gXik\ d}j [`] Z`c cX hl\ Zi\X Z`\ikX Xej`\[X[ p [\jXjfj`\^f \j cX [\ [\jZXikXi fgZ`fe\j# Z\iiXij\ gl\ikXj# \c`d`eXi gfj`Y`c`[X[\j% <jkX \j cX j`klXZ` e \e cX hl\ j\ \eZl\ekiXe X Ôe [\ Zlijf dlZ_fj \jkl[`Xek\j [\ +%² [\ <JF hl\ XZXYXe jlj \jkl[`fj fYc`^Xkfi`fj1 kf[Xm X ef k`\e\e ZcXif cf hl\ hl`\i\e _XZ\i \c X f j`^l`\ek\ g\if jXY\e hl\# j\X ZlXc j\X jl [\Z`j` e# j\ XYi\e Xek\ jlj fafj leXj m Xj p j\ Z`\iiXe fkiXj% Cfj `ek\iif^Xek\j hl\ \e Xg\eXj lefj d\j\j j\ m\i}e fYc`^X[fj X i\jfcm\i jfe \jkfj1 ¶_X^f le YXZ_`cc\iXkf f le Z`Zcf d\[`f62 j` d\ Xe`df Zfe \c YXZ_`cc\iXkf ¶\jZfaf cX df[Xc`[X[ :`\ek ÔZf K\Zefc ^`ZX# cX [\ ?ldXe`[X[\j p :`\eZ`Xj JfZ`Xc\j f cX [\ 8ik\j62 ¶p hl fgkXk`mXj jfe cXj d\afi\j gXiX d`j \jkl[`fj gfjk\i`fi\j \e cX le`m\ij`[X[ f \e le Z`Zcf [\ ^iX[f jlg\i`fi62 ZcXif hl\ j` Xc ÔeXc fgkf gfi le Z`Zcf d\[`f# ¶Zl}c [\ cXj )) ]Xd`c`Xj gif]\j`feXc\j j\i} cX d}j X[\ZlX[X X d`j ZXiXZk\i jk`ZXj62 ¶p hl kXc d\ `i X \e cXj \ej\ XeqXj Xik jk`ZXj f `eZcljf \e cXj [\gfik`mXj6%

<ccfj jXY\e hl\ ef gl\[\e kfdXij\ X cX c`^\iX \jk\ k`gf [\ [\Z`j`fe\j1 jl ]lklif gif$ ]\j`feXc \jk} \e al\^f% G\if Xc d`jdf k`\dgf \jk}e ZXejX[fj [\c Zlijf hl\ XZXYX# p gl\[\ hl\ j\ j`\ekXe k\ekX[fj X _XZ\i leX \c\ZZ` e X Yfc\f¿ <jkX ]fi$ dX [\ XZklXi# [\j[\ cl\^f# ef \j cX d}j `ek\c`^\ek\% M\Xdfj leX j\eZ`ccX \jkiXk\^`X# \e ki\j gXjfj# gXiX _XZ\icf [\ ]fidX i\jgfejXYc\1

(% ¶: df jfp6 GXiX ZfefZ\ij\ le gfZf d\afi _Xp hl\ i\m`jXi cXj ZlXc`[X[\j ] j`ZXj# `ek\c\ZklXc\j p \c gifg`f _`jkfi`Xc XZX[ d`Zf% <c Zl\j$ k`feXi`f hl\ XgXi\Z\ \e \jkX d`jdX g}^`eX gl\[\ j\im`i [\ glekf [\ gXik`[X%

)% ¶Hl \j cf hl\ hl`\if6 J\ kiXkX [\ gi`fi`qXi `ek\i\j\j \ `em\jk`^Xi cXj gif]\j`fe\j hl\

i\jlckXe d}j XkiXp\ek\j k\e`\e$ [f \e Zl\ekX cX j`klXZ` e [\c d\iZX[f cXYfiXc e`m\c [\ gXif# g\ijg\Zk`mXj [\ ]lklif¿ %

*% ¶: df mfp X cf^iXicf6 ?Xp hl\ ZfekXi Zfe cX d}o`dX `e]fidXZ` e gfj`Yc\ XZ\iZX [\ `k`e\iXi`fj XZX[ d`Zfj# XZZ\$ jfj# gil\YXj j\c\Zk`mXj¿ \ `i gcXe`ÔZXe[f cfj gXjfj hl\ j\ mXe X [Xi%

<E 9I<M<

:+ '(

Ă&#x201C;Y^W

ÂľC; 9EDEP9E E DE C; 9EDEP9E5 GXiX i\Xc`qXi \c j`^l`\ek\ Zl\jk`feXi`f jfcf k`\e\j hl\ jlYiXpXi Xhl\ccfj Xjg\Zkfj hl\ Zfej`[\i\j d}j `dgfikXek\j f hl\ k\ [\Ă&#x201D;eXe d\afi p XÂ&#x152;X[`i cfj hl\ ]Xck\e%

J@ HL@<I<J ?8:<ICF 9@<EÂż

8% <JKF <J CF HL< DĂ?J D< @EK<I<J8 ;< :8I8 8C =LKLIF1

(% I\Zf^\ cX dXpfi `e]fidXZ`Â?e

Â&#x203A; ;`e\if

gfj`Yc\ jfYi\ kf[Xj p ZX[X leX [\ cXj fgZ`fe\j% Gfi \a\dgcf# gl\[\j \dg\qXi gfi i\ZXYXi `e]fidXZ`Â?e \e \c [\gXikXd\e$ kf [\ fi`\ekXZ`Â?e [\c `ejk`klkf p Zfek`elXi `em\jk`^Xe[f \e @ek\ie\k%

)% Gfe dlZ_f Zl`[X[f \e cX j\c\ZZ`Â?e [\ cXj ]l\ek\j [\ `e]fidXZ`Â?e% Gfi \a\dgcf# ef \j cf d`jdf hl\ le ZfefZ`[f k\ [\jXe`d\ gXiX \c YXZ_`cc\iXkf [\ :`\eZ`Xj ½gfihl\ \j [`Ă&#x201D;Z`$ cÂ&#x2C6;j`dfž hl\ hl\ kl gif]\jfi [\ DXk\d}k`ZXj k\ i\Zfd`\e$ [\ hl\ cf _X^Xj ½gfihl\ Y`\e gl\[\j Zfe Â&#x201E;cž%

Â&#x203A; Gi\jk`^`f Â&#x203A; KiXYXaXi \e cf hl\ [\ m\i[X[ d\ ^ljkX Â&#x203A; 8pl[Xi X cfj [\d}j Â&#x203A; K\e\i k`\dgf c`Yi\ Â&#x203A; J\i `e[\g\e[`\ek\ Â&#x203A; M`XaXi X fkifj gXÂ&#x2C6;j\j Â&#x203A; J\^li`[X[ Â&#x203A; DXe[Xi \e fkifj 9% <JKFJ JFE D@J >LJKFJ ( I\cXZ`feXid\ Zfe dlZ_X ^\ek\ & I\cXZ`feXi$

d\ Zfe gfZX ^\ek\ ) <c fi[\e & CX `dgifm`jXZ`Â?e p cX Xlj\eZ`X [\

*% J\^lif hl\ jXY\j hl\ X m\Z\j cXj [\Z`j`fe\j kfdX[Xj Xc XqXi# j`e g\ejXicXj dlZ_f# jXc\e Y`\e% G\if# [\j[\ cl\^f# ZlXe[f j\ kiXkX [\ [\ al^Xij\ \c ]lklif ef \j \c gifZ\[`d`\ekf d}j XZfej\aXYc\Âż

+% J`\dgi\ hl\ gl\[Xj# kfdX [\Z`j`fe\j i\m\ij`Yc\j2 \j [\Z`i# Zfe gfj`Y`c`[X[ [\ i\Zk`Ă&#x201D;ZXi% Gfi \a\dgcf# ef XYXe[fe\j cXj DXk\d}k`ZXj \e \c YXZ_`$ cc\iXkf j` ef k`\e\j ZcXif j` cXj mXj X e\Z\j`kXi \e klj \jkl[`fj gfjk\i`fi\j%

,% Kf[X [\Z`j`Â?e# XZ\ikX[X f \hl`mfZX[X# [\Y\ `i XZfdgX$ Â&#x152;X[X Zfe cX j\^li`[X[ [\ hl\ cX _Xj _\Z_f Zfe c`Y\ikX[ p [\ ]fidX i\jgfejXYc\% <j [\Z`i# hl\ j` Xc Ă&#x201D;eXc k\ [\Z`[\j X \j$ kl[`Xi \c YXZ_`cc\iXkf [\ 8ik\j# hl\ ef j\X gfihl\ ½\j X[fe[\ mX d` d\afi Xd`^Xž%

gcXe\j * CX XZk`m`[X[# _XZ\i dlZ_Xj ZfjXj & CX gXj`m`$

[X[1 fYj\imXi# i\Ă&#x2022;\o`feXi f `[\Xi + <c d\[`f liYXef1 cX Z`l[X[ \j d` j`k`f & <c

d\[`f iliXc1 m`m`i \e ZfekXZkf Zfe cX eXkliXc\qX , K\e\i i\jgfejXY`c`[X[\j# [`i`^`i X fkiX ^\ek\

& :ldgc`i Zfe d` kiXYXaf g\if j`e k\e\i hl\ kfdXi pf cXj [\Z`j`fe\j `dgfikXek\j

:% D@J 8=@:@FE<JÂż Fi[\eX[fi\j# cX k\Zefcf^Â&#x2C6;X \e ^\e\iXc & 8Zk`m`$ [X[\j \e ZfekXZkf Zfe cX eXkliXc\qX & <c [\gfik\ & DXelXc`[X[\j & <jZlZ_Xi dÂ&#x2019;j`ZX & KfZXi le `ejkild\ekf & C\\i efm\cXj# c`Yifj _`jkÂ?i`Zfj# [\ Xik\# ZÂ?d`ZjÂż Âż

;% D@J GLEKFJ =L<IK<J1

Â&#x203A; =XZ`c`[X[ [\ \ogi\j`Â?e Â&#x203A; IXqfeXd`\ekf eldÂ&#x201E;i`Zf Â&#x203A; 8gk`kl[ \jgXZ`Xc Â&#x203A; 8gk`kl[\j ]Â&#x2C6;j`ZXj Â&#x203A; D\dfi`X Â&#x203A; :XgXZ`[X[ [\ ZfeZ\ekiXZ`Â?e Â&#x203A; ?XY`c`[X[ Zfe cXj dXefj Â&#x203A; J\ek`[f XikÂ&#x2C6;jk`Zf Â&#x203A; =XZ`c`[X[ Zfe cfj `[`fdXj Â&#x203A; IXqfeXd`\ekf XYjkiXZkf Â&#x203A; ?XY`c`[X[ Zfe cX \jZi`kliX <% :I<F HL< J@IMF G8I8Âż DXe[Xi&G\ejXi&:i\Xi&@em\jk`^Xi&;`i`^`i& Fi^Xe`qXi&FY\[\Z\i&?XYcXi \e gÂ&#x2019;Yc`Zf&CXj i\cXZ`fe\j gÂ&#x2019;Yc`ZXj&8pl[Xi X cfj [\d}j&<c kiXYXaf dXelXc&CX [fZ\eZ`X&<c kiXYXaf `ek\c\ZklXc&<c \a\iZ`Z`f ]Â&#x2C6;j`Zf&E\^fZ`Xi&;`j\Â&#x152;Xi&;`YlaXiÂż

=% D@J :8C@=@:8:@FE<J <E C8J ;@JK@EK8J 8J@>E8KLI8J ?8Q LE8 D<;@8 GFI 9CFHL<J 1

Â&#x203A; :`\eZ`Xj1 Â&#x203A; C\kiXj1 Â&#x203A; @[`fdXj1 Â&#x203A; 8ikÂ&#x2C6;jk`ZXj1 Â&#x203A; <[lZXZ`Â?e =Â&#x2C6;j`ZX1

I\jlckX[fj1 8_fiX hl\ k\ _Xj ½\Z_X[f le m`jkXqfž gfi [\ekif# `ek\ekX _XZ\i le i\jld\e [\ ZÂ?df \i\j% <j [\Z`i# `ek\ekX [Xic\ ]fidX X kl Xlkfii\kiXkf% GXiX Zfej\^l`icf# i\gXjX cf hl\ XZXYXj [\ jlYiXpXi p Zfdgc\kX leX [\jZi`gZ`Â?e hl\ Zfd`\eZ\ [`Z`\e[f Xc^f XjÂ&#x2C6; Zfdf1 ½<e [\Ă&#x201D;e`k`mX# gf[iÂ&#x2C6;X [\Z`ij\ [\ dÂ&#x2C6; hl\ jfp leX g\ijfeX hl\¿ž% <jkX kXi\X gl\[\ _XZ\ij\ \e ^ilgf \e cX _fiX [\ KlkfiÂ&#x2C6;X%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:+ ')

ÓY^W

CX kfdX [\ [\Z`j`fe\j )

0LANESõPARAõDESPU·SõDELõVERANO ?Xe j`[f el\m\ cXi^fj d\j\j [\ dX[il^fe\j# Z`\ekfj [\ _fiXj [\ ZcXj\j Xc^leXj dlp g\jX[Xj # leXj ZlXekXj efZ_\j [\ \jkl[`f p mXi`Xj [\Z\eXj [\ \o}d\e\j% P Xlehl\ ef kf[fj _Xe k\e`[f le ZfdgfikXd`\ekf gi\Z`jXd\ek\ \a\dgcXi# \e ^\e\iXc cfj \jkl[`Xek\j e\Z\j`kXe [Xij\ le i\jg`if% P gXiX \jf j\ _Xe `em\ekX[f cXj mXZXZ`fe\j [\ m\iXef¿ Al^Xi Zfe cfj ZXe^i\afj \e cX gcXpX# ]fidXi gXik\ [\ leX gXe[`ccX [\ Xd`^fj [\c gl\Ycf f giXZk`ZXi Zfe cX Y`Z`Zc\kX [\ dfekX X jfe# X[\d}j# ]fidXj dlp `ek\i\jXek\j [\ Xgi\e[`qXa\% KXdY` e \j \c dfd\ekf [\ `i g\ejXe[f \e XglekXij\ X leX ^iXeaX$\jZl\cX# X le ZXdgXd\ekf [\ m\cX f X le ZXdgf [\ kiXYXaf1 \jk\ k`gf [\ \og\i`\eZ`Xj jl\c\e j\i `efcm`[XYc\j% G\if Xek\j [\ kf[f \jf# X e hl\[X le ck`df \j]l\iqf1 [\Z`[`i cf hl\ j\ mX X _XZ\i X gXik`i [\ j\gk`\dYi\% JfYi\ kf[f# cfj hl\ gif^i\jXe Xc Zlijf j`^l`\ek\%

D\efj fgZ`fe\j k`\e\e cfj hl\ j\ hl\[Xe j`e \c k klcf [\ cX <JF¿ Xlehl\ kXdY` e gXiX \ccfj \o`jk\e jXc`[Xj% 8[\d}j [\ cXj gfj`Y`c`[X[\j hl\ c\j f]i\Z\ cX \[lZXZ` e [\ X[lckfj# kXdY` e gl\[\e dXki`ZlcXij\ \e cfj efm\[fjfj gif^iXdXj [\ ZlXc`ÔZXZ` e gif]\j`feXc `e`Z`Xc% ;liXe \eki\ lef p [fj X fj p \jk}e [`i`^`[fj X Xcld$ efj [\ \eki\ (- p (0 X fj f \oZ\gZ`feXcd\ek\# (, hl\ gfi [`m\ijXj iXqfe\j ef _Xe jXZX[f cX <JF% <jkfj gif^iXdXj Zfej$ kXe [\ ki\j k`gfj [\ d [lcfj1 cfj \jg\Z ÔZfj# hl\ [\jXiifccXe Zfdg\k\eZ`Xj [\ le g\iÔc gif]\j`feXc [\k\id`eX[f gfi \a\dgcf# XcYX `c\i X# ZfjkliX# `e]fid}k`ZX# ZfZ`eX# \jk k`ZX# Xii\^cfj ÕfiXc\j# ZXig`ek\i X# XlkfdfZ` e¿ \ `eZclp\e gi}Zk`ZXj \e Z\ekifj [\ kiXYXaf2 cfj ]fidXk`mfj# hl\ f]i\Z\e leX YXj\ ^\e\iXc2 p cfj mfclekXi`fj#

hl\ g\id`k\e fYk\e\i \c k klcf [\ ^iX[lX[f \e <JF X Xhl\ccfj hl\ cfj jlg\i\e% <e ZlXchl`\i ZXjf# cfj Xcldefj hl\ cf Zlij\e Zfe o`kf Zfej`^l\e le Z\ik`$ ÔZX[f [\ gif]\j`feXc`[X[ [\c e`m\c ( [\c :Xk}cf^f EXZ`feXc [\ :lXc`ÔZXZ`fe\j Gif]\j`f$ eXc\j%

<E 9I<M< 5 G8I8 J89<I DĂ?J

:+ ')

Ă&#x201C;Y^W ;IJ7 IĂ&#x;" ;IJ7 DE

KXZ_X Zfe le YfcÂ&#x2C6;^iX]f cXj gif]\j`fe\j hl\ [\jZXikXj# jlYiXpX cXj hl\ k\ XkiX\e p [\aX j`e kfZXi cXj hl\ k\ i\jlckXe `e[`]\i\ek\j% <j gfj`Yc\ hl\ k\ ]Xck\ `e]fidXZ`Â?e gXiX _XZ\i leX Yl\eX \c\ZZ`Â?e [\ ZXiX Xc XÂ&#x152;f hl\ m`\e\# XjÂ&#x2C6; hl\ \j leX Yl\eX `[\X hl\ Zfejlck\j cXj [`i\ZZ`fe\j [\ @ek\ie\k hl\ k\ ]XZ`c`kXdfj \e \jkX d`jdX g}^`eX% <e \ccXj \eZfekiXi}j cXj ZcXm\j hl\ k\ ]XckXe gXiX kfdXi leX [\Z`j`Â?e `ek\c`^\ek\%

` J` hl`\i\j fYk\e\i `e]fidX$

Ă?I<8

Z`Â?e jfYi\ cfj Z`Zcfj d\[`fj p jlg\i`fi\j \e >Xc`Z`X f jfYi\ cfj gif^iXdXj [\ ZlXc`Ă&#x201D;ZXZ`Â?e gif]\j`feXc `e`Z`Xc# \ekiX \e nnn%\[l%olekX%\j&]g ` J` \jk}j `ek\i\jX[f \e gif]le$

[`qXi \e cXj \ej\Â&#x152;XeqXj XikÂ&#x2C6;j$ k`ZXj# [\gfik`mXj f [\ `[`fdXj# ZfejlckX nnn%\[l%olekX%\j&\X% <e \jkX d`jdX [`i\ZZ`Â?e gl\$ [\j Xj\jfiXik\ XZ\iZX [\ cXj fgfikle`[X[\j hl\ k\ f]i\Z\ cX \[lZXZ`Â?e [\ X[lckfj% ` G\if j` k`\e\j ZcXif hl\

cfj klpf jfe cfj \jkl[`fj le`m\ij`kXi`fj# XZZ\[\ X _kkg1 &&Z`l^%Z\j^X%\j&dXiZfefmXj%_$ kdc% <e \ccX \eZfekiXi}j kf[fj cfj \jkl[`fj le`m\ij`kXi`fj hl\ gl\[\j ZlijXi \e >Xc`Z`X# gil\$ YXj [\ XZZ\jf X cX le`m\ij`[X[# efkXj [\ Zfik\Âż

;<=@E@:@äE

<JKL;@FJ LE@M<IJ@K8I@FJ

:@:CFJ =FID8K@MFJ

(%:`\ekÂ&#x2C6;Ă&#x201D;Zf$ kÂ&#x201E;Ze`ZX

:fealekf [\ \jkl[`fj i\cXZ`feX[fj Zfe cXj dXk\d}k`ZXj# cX ]Â&#x2C6;j`ZX p cX hlÂ&#x2C6;d`ZX

@e^\e`\iÂ&#x2C6;X @e[ljki`Xc# [\ :Xd`efj# [\ D`eXj# [\ K\c\Zfdle`ZXZ`fe\j# @e]fid}k`ZX#%%

<[`Ă&#x201D;ZXZ`Â?e p FYiX :`m`c# =XYi`ZXZ`Â?e D\Z}e`ZX# @e]fid}k`ZX%%%

)% KÂ&#x201E;Ze`Zf$ Xgc`ZX[X

@eZclp\ kf[Xj Xhl\ccXj fZlgXZ`fe\j hl\ i\hl`\$ i\e _XY`c`[X[ dXelXc p gi}Zk`ZX

@e^\e`\iÂ&#x2C6;X <c\ZkiÂ?e`ZX# @e[ljki`Xc# Kfgf^i}Ă&#x201D;ZX2 8ihl`k\ZkliX

K\ok`c# :fe]\ZZ`Â?e# DX[\iX p Dl\Yc\# <[`Ă&#x201D;ZXZ`Â?e p FYiX :`m`c# 8lkfdfZ`Â?e# <c\ZkiÂ?e`ZX# GXeX[\iÂ&#x2C6;X# I\gfjk\iÂ&#x2C6;X p :feĂ&#x201D;k\iÂ&#x2C6;X%%%

*% AliÂ&#x2C6;[`Zf$ X[d`e`jkiXk`mX

Gif]\j`fe\j i\cXZ`feX[Xj Zfe cXj efidXj c\^Xc\j gfi cXj hl\ j\ i`^\ cX jfZ`\[X[

8[d`e`jkiXZ`Â?e p ;`i\ZZ`Â?e [\ <dgi\jXj# ;\i\Z_f# <ZfefdÂ&#x2C6;X

>\jk`Â?e 8[d`e`jkiXk`mX# 8[d`e`jkiXZ`Â?e p =`eXe$ qXj%%%

+% 9`fjXe`kXi`X

CXj gif]\j`fe\j [\ \jk\ ZXdgf j\ Z\ekiXe \e cX jXcl[ [\ cXj g\ijfeXj p Xe`dXc\j p \e cXj Z`\eZ`Xj eXkliXc\j

D\[`Z`eX# M\k\i`eXi`X# <e]\id\iÂ&#x2C6;X# Elki`Z`Â?e ?ldXeX p ;`\kÂ&#x201E;k`ZX# Cf^fg\[`X2 9`fcf^Â&#x2C6;X# :`\eZ`Xj [\c DXi%%%

=XidXZ`X# ?`^`\e\ 9lZf[\ekXc2 <ogcfkXZ`f$ e\j >XeX[\iXj# KiXYXafj =fi\jkXc\j# <d\i^\eZ`Xj JXe`kXi`XjÂż

,% C`e^Â&#x2022;Â&#x2C6;jk`Zf$ c`k\iXi`X

J\ i\Ă&#x201D;\i\ X Xhl\ccXj gif]\j`fe\j c`^X[Xj X cX c`k\iXkliX p Xc }dY`kf c`e^Â&#x2022;Â&#x2C6;jk`Zf%

Kf[Xj cXj =`cfcf^Â&#x2C6;Xj# C`e^Â&#x2022;Â&#x2C6;jk`ZX# K\fiÂ&#x2C6;X [\ cX C`k\iXkliX p C`k\iXkliX :fdgXiX[X# KiX[lZZ`Â?e \ @ek\igi\kXZ`Â?e# 9`Yc`fk\Zf$ efdÂ&#x2C6;X%%%

-%=Â&#x2C6;j`Zf$ [\gfik`mX

Jfe Xhl\ccXj gif]\j`fe\j i\cXZ`feX[Xj Zfe \c dfm`d`\ekf p cX XZk`m`[X[ ]Â&#x2C6;j`ZX p [\gfik`mX

:`\eZ`Xj [\ cX 8Zk`m`[X[ =Â&#x2C6;j`ZX p [\c ;\gfik\# DX\jkif# \jg\Z`Xc`[X[ \e <[lZXZ`Â?e =Â&#x2C6;j`ZX%%%

:fe[lZZ`Â?e [\ 8Zk`m`[X$ [\j =Â&#x2C6;j`ZXj \e \c D\[`f EXkliXc# <ej\Â&#x152;XeqXj ;\gfik`mXj KÂ&#x201E;Ze`Zf \e =Â&#x2019;kYfc%%%

.% GlYc`Z`[X[ p d\[`fj [\ Zfdle`ZXZ`Â?e

Cfj gif]\j`feXc\j [\ \jk\ ZXdgf j\ fZlgXe [\ \cXYfiXi p kiXejd`k`i `e$ ]fidXZ`Â?e X kiXmÂ&#x201E;j [\ cfj d\[`fj [\ Zfdle`ZXZ`Â?e

G\i`f[`jdf# GlYc`Z`[X[ p I\cXZ`fe\j GÂ&#x2019;Yc`ZXj# :f$ dle`ZXZ`Â?e 8l[`fm`jlXc%%%

:`Zcfj [\ cX ]Xd`c`X [\ :fd\iZ`f p D}ib\k`e^ p [\ :fdle`ZXZ`Â?e# @dX^\e p Jfe`[f

/% :`\ekÂ&#x2C6;Ă&#x201D;Zf$ \og\i`d\ekXc

Jfe Xhl\ccXj gif]\j`fe\j hl\ XgfikXe cX k\fiÂ&#x2C6;X Z`\ekÂ&#x2C6;Ă&#x201D;ZX hl\ jljk\ekX \c [\jXiifccf [\ cX Z`\eZ`X kÂ&#x201E;Ze`ZX

=Â&#x2C6;j`ZX# <jkX[Â&#x2C6;jk`ZX# DXk\d}k`ZXj# HlÂ&#x2C6;d`ZX# >\fcf^Â&#x2C6;X# 8jkifefdÂ&#x2C6;X%%%

:`Zcfj [\ cX ]Xd`c`X gif]\$ j`feXc [\ HlÂ&#x2C6;d`ZX

0% 8ikÂ&#x2C6;jk`ZX

Jfe gif]\j`fe\j hl\ j\ fZlgXe [\ cX Zi\XZ`Â?e# `e$ k\igi\kXZ`Â?e f mXcfiXZ`Â?e [\ cXj Xik\j

9\ccXj 8ik\j

<ej\Â&#x152;XeqXj 8ikÂ&#x2C6;jk`ZXj1 8ik\j Gc}jk`ZXj p ;`j\Â&#x152;f# ;XeqX# 8ik\ ;iXd}k`Zf# DÂ&#x2019;j`ZX# :fej\imXZ`Â?e p I\jkXliXZ`Â?e%%%

('%:`\eZ`Xj jfZ`Xc\j

:fealekf [\ gif]\j`f$ e\j Z\ekiX[Xj \e \c \jkl[`f [\c _fdYi\# [\ jl ZfdgfikXd`\ekf p [\ jlj XZk`m`[X[\j jfZ`Xc\j

Gj`Zfcf^Â&#x2C6;X# G\[X^f^Â&#x2C6;X# DX^`jk\i`f# ?`jkfi`X# >\f^iX]Â&#x2C6;X# 8ekifgfcf^Â&#x2C6;X# KiXYXaf JfZ`Xc%%%

8e`dXZ`Â?e JfZ`fZlckliXc# <[lZXZ`Â?e @e]Xek`c# @ek\^iX$ Z`Â?e JfZ`Xc# @ek\igi\kXZ`Â?e [\ cX C\e^lX [\ J`^efj%%%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

<?9>7

:, 4¡CNICASĂľ DEĂľ RELAJACIĂ&#x20AC;N J\ \jk`dX hl\ lef [\ ZX[X ZlXkif Xcldefj i`e[\ gfi [\YXaf [\ jlj gfj`Y`c`[X[\j X ZXljX [\c \jkiÂ&#x201E;j% <o}d\e\j# \eki\^Xj [\ kiXYXafj f ZXi^X[fj _fiXi`fj c\Zk`mfj jfe i\Xc`[X[\j Zfk`[`XeXj hl\ [\jXkXe cfj e\im`fj [\ leX Yl\eX gXik\ [\ cfj \jkl[`Xek\j% ;fcfi [\ ki`gXj# dXc_ldfi# `ejfde`f# [`Xii\X# ]XckX [\ Xg\k`kf f ]fY`X \jZfcXi jfe Xc^lefj [\ cfj jÂ&#x2C6;ekfdXj [\ Xej`\[X[ d}j ]i\Zl\ek\j \eki\ cfj Xcldefj [\ kf[Xj cXj \[X[\j% 8gi\e[\i leX kÂ&#x201E;Ze`ZX [\ i\cXaXZ`Â?e gXiX gfe\icX \e dXiZ_X Xek\ cXj j`klXZ`fe\j ZiÂ&#x2C6;k`ZXj \j leX Yl\eX _\iiXd`\ekX [\ [\]\ejX%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:, '

ÓY^W

CX Xej`\[X[ \e \c XlcX

_!Y õQU·õESTR·S õ CX gXcXYiX ½\jki j¾# ZXj` [\jZfefZ`[X X gi`eZ`g`fj [\ cfj X fj .'# pX ]fidX gXik\ [\ el\jkiXj m`[Xj _XjkX \c glekf [\ hl\ j\`j [\ ZX[X [`\q g\ijfeXj Xj\^liXe j\ek`ij\ Xj Xc d\efj leX m\q X cX j\dXeX% Le XkXjZf \e cX \ekiX[X [\ cX Z`l[X[# leX cXi^X \jg\iX gXiX hl\ efj Xk`\e[Xe \e \c YXeZf f le gXi [\ _fiXj \e le Z\ekif Zfd\iZ`Xc Xk`YfiiX[f [\ ^\ek\ jfe dfk`mfj d}j hl\ jlÔZ`\ek\j gXiX hl\ efk\dfj Z df cX X[i\eXc`eX ^\e\iX[X gfi \c j`jk\dX e\im`fjf \dg`\qX X Zfii\i gfi el\jkiXj m\eXj% Gfi ef _XYcXi [\ j`klXZ`fe\j \e m\i[X[ kiXld}k`ZXj# Zfdf cX dl\ik\ [\ le Xcc\^X[f# cX g i[`[X [\c kiXYXaf f leX ilgkliX j\ek`d\ekXc%

G\if [\ÔeXdfj cX gXcXYiX1 \c \jki j \j \c \jkX[f [\ k\ej` e \e hl\ \ekiX \c fi^Xe`jdf ZlXe[f j\ m\ fYc`^X[f X dfm`c`qXi jlj [\]\ejXj gXiX _XZ\i ]i\ek\ X j`klXZ`fe\j hl\ g\iZ`Y\ Zfdf Xd\eXqXek\j% P \j hl\ \c hl`[ [\ cX Zl\jk` e ef \jk} kXekf \e cfj XZfek\Z`d`\ekfj e\^Xk`mfj hl\ j\ m`mXe Zfdf d}j Y`\e \e cX mXcfiXZ` e f m`m\eZ`X jlYa\k`mX hl\ j\ _X^X [\ \jXj d`jdXj j`klXZ`fe\j% <j [\Z`i# cf hl\ X lef c\ _XZ\ ½jlY`ij\ gfi cXj gXi\[\j¾ X fkif X cf d\afi ½c\ i\jYXcX¾%

K`gf 8# k`gf 9 Le \jkl[`f pX Zc}j`Zf \e gj`$ Zfcf^ X i\m\cX hl\ \o`jk\e [fj ZcXj\j [\ g\ijfeXj1 cXj [\ k`gf 8 p cXj [\ k`gf 9% J\ ccXdX [\ k`gf 8 Xhl\ccXj g\ijfeXc`[X[\j d}j X^i\j`mXj# Zfdg\k`k`mXj# `dgXZ`\ek\j \ `ii`kXYc\j hl\ j\ k\ejXe X cX d e`dX# cf hl\ kXdY` e c\j g\id`k\ j\i i}g`[fj \e jlj XZk`m`[X[\j% Jfe Xhl\ccfj X hl`\e\j eleZX c\j cc\^X \c k`\dgf gXiX _XZ\i kf[f cf hl\ hl`\i\e1 j`\dgi\ \jk}e \jg [`Zfj% CXj g\ijfeXj [\ k`gf 9# gfi \c ZfekiXi`f# jfe

d}j i\gfjX[Xj# ZXcdX[Xj p i\cXaX[Xj# p X]ifekXe cXj ZfekiX$ i`\[X[\j [\ cX m`[X Zfe Z`\ikX Ôcfjf] X% Jfe# \e [\Ôe`k`mX# d}j gXZ_fiiXj% Gfi jlgl\jkf# cXj m Zk`dXj g\i]\ZkXj [\c \jki j jfe cXj ccXdX[Xj [\ k`gf 8# kXdY` e d}j gifg\ejXj X gX[\Z\i `e]Xikfj% 8lehl\ \jk\ \jkl[`f j\X Xc^f j`dgc`jkX# cf Z`\ikf \j hl\ \c \jki j [\aX X ZlXchl`\i g\ijfeX d}j mlce\iXYc\ X \e]\id\[X$ [\j \ `e]\ZZ`fe\j cfj _\ig\j# gfi \a\dgcf# jfe k g`Zfj \e \jkfj ZXjfj %

P \j hl\ \e Z`\ikX dXe\iX# Zfdf XÔidXYX \c jXY`f `e[`f _XZ\ d}j [\ +%''' X fj# ½cfj kiXjkfiefj d\ekXc\j jli^\e [\ ZXljXj ] j`ZXj# [\c d`jdf df[f hl\ cfj kiXjkfiefj ] j`Zfj jli$ ^\e [\ kiXjkfiefj d\ekXc\j¾%

<E 9I<M<

:, '

Ă&#x201C;Y^W

BE GK; 7=E8?7 7 KDEI O 7 EJHEI CF HL< <JKI<J8 8 CFJ 8CLDEFJ1

Â&#x203A; Z`iZlejkXeZ`Xj ]Xd`c`Xi\j [\c`ZX[Xj j\gXiXZ`Â?e [\ cfj gX[i\j# dl\ik\ [\ Xc^Â&#x2019;e Xcc\^X[f# gifYc\dXj \ZfeÂ?d`Zfj

:@=I8J ;<JFC8;FI8J J` \c -+ [\ cfj \jgXÂ&#x152;fc\j j\ hl\aXe [\ hl\ c\j ]XckX k`\dgf gXiX _XZ\i kf[f cf hl\ c\j ^lj$ kXiÂ&#x2C6;X# \e \c }dY`kf \jZfcXi cXj Z`]iXj ef jfe d}j fgk`d`jkXj1 ) [\ ZX[X )' gif]\jfi\j jl$ ]i\e gifYc\dXj [\ Xej`\[X[ p# Xk\eZ`Â?e Xc [Xkf# + [\ ZX[X (' e`Â&#x152;fj gi\j\ekXe gifYc\dXj [\ \jkiÂ&#x201E;j%

G<I@F;@JK8J ;< CFJ E<IM@FJ Cfj g\i`f[`jkXj Zfe]fidXe \j\ fkif ^ilgf [\ gif]\j`feX$ c\j hl\ ½Xe[X [\ cfj e\im`fjž cX dXpfi gXik\ [\c k`\dgf% ;\ _\Z_f + [\ ZX[X ('# j\^Â&#x2019;e leX \eZl\jkX [\c :@J# _Xe g\e$ jX[f \e Xc^leX fZXj`Â?e \e XYXe[feXi cX gif]\j`Â?e gfi cX k\ej`Â?e hl\ c\j gifmfZX% CXj iXqfe\j hl\ \j^i`d\e1 k\e\i d}j k`\dgf gXiX \jkXi Zfe cX ]Xd`c`X# [`j]ilkXi [\ leX m`[X d}j jfj\^X[X# [\[`ZXij\ X \j$ Zi`Y`i c`YifjÂż ¡f d\k\ij\ \e cX [fZ\eZ`X

Â&#x203A; cX Xej`\[X[ Xek\ cfj \o}d\e\j Â&#x203A; \c ZXi^X[f _fiXi`f c\Zk`mf Â&#x203A; \c d`\[f X j\i i\Z_XqX[f gfi cfj gifg`fj ZfdgXÂ&#x152;\ifj Â&#x203A; cX g\ijg\Zk`mX cXYfiXc Â&#x203A; \c j\ek`ij\ `eZXgXq [\ j\^l`i \c i`kdf [\ cX ZcXj\ Â&#x203A; cfj gifYc\dXj j\ek`d\ekXc\j Â&#x203A; Xc^lefj gif]\jfi\j Â&#x203A; cX fYc`^XZ`Â?e [\ gifcfe^Xi cfj XÂ&#x152;fj [\ \jZfcXi`[X[Âż CF HL< <JKI<J8 8 CFJ GIF=<JFI<J1

Â&#x203A; cX [`Ă&#x201D;ZlckX[ [\ dXek\e\i cX [`jZ`gc`eX p \c Zfekifc \e cXj ZcXj\j Â&#x203A; \e]i\ekXij\ X Xcldefj gXj`mfj f `e[`jZ`gc`eX[fj Â&#x203A; Xk\e[\i Xc Xdgc`f XYXe`Zf [\ [`m\ij`[X[ [\ Xcldefj Â&#x203A; cX ]XckX [\ k`\dgf gXiX [Xi cX gif^iXdXZ`Â?e Â&#x203A; cX ]XckX [\ i\Zlijfj Â&#x203A; k\e\i hl\ kiXYXaXi \e }i\Xj hl\ ef jfe cXj gifg`Xj Â&#x203A; cfj ZfeĂ&#x2022;`Zkfj Zfe cfj ZfdgXÂ&#x152;\ifj f Zfe \c \hl`gf [`i\Zk`mf Â&#x203A; cfj gifYc\dXj g\ijfeXc\jÂż %

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:, (

ÓY^W

: df [\k\ZkXi j`klXZ`fe\j hl\ ^\e\iXe \jki j

_%STOYõESTRESADO õ <c \oXd\e [\c al\m\j# \c dXc\ek\e[`[f Zfe kl Zfc\^X# cX YifeZX [\ klj gX[i\j# cfj gifYc\dXj j\ek`d\ekXc\j# cX [`\kX Zfe cX hl\ ef X[\c^XqXj# cX Xe^ljk`X [\ i\g\k`i Zlijf%%% \c \jki j ]fidX gXik\ [\ cXj m`[Xj [\ cfj \jkl[`Xek\j# Xc `^lXc hl\ [\c i\jkf [\ cfj dfikXc\j% Gfi le cX[f# ZX[X m\q j\ c\j \o`^\ d}j2 gfi fkif# \j Z`\ikf hl\ j\ \jk} g\i[`\e[f cX ZXgXZ`[X[ [\ \e]i\ekXij\ X cfj gifYc\dXj p [\ jlg\iXi cXj ]iljkiXZ`fe\j%

<e kf[f ZXjf# cXj k Ze`ZXj [\ i\cXaXZ` e j\ _Xe Zfem\ik`[f \e mXc`fjXj _\iiXd`\ekXj gXiX i\Zlg\iXi \c \hl`c`Yi`f g\i[`$ [f# gXiX Zf^\i el\mXj ]l\iqXj p \e]i\ekXij\ X cfj i\kfj [\c [ X X [ X% <jkfj d kf[fj# [X[X jl `dgfikXeZ`X# [\Y\i Xe

Xgi\e[\ij\ \e \c Zfek\okf \jZfcXi Zfdf leX _XY`c`[X[ d}j# `e[`jg\ejXYc\ gXiX \e$ ]i\ekXij\ X cX m`[X p ef dfi`i \e \c `ek\ekf% G\if \dg\Z\dfj gfi \c gi`eZ`g`f1 ¶hl \j cf hl\ efj \jki\jX6

<e gi`d\i cl^Xi# \c \ekfief# Zfe jlj il`[fj# X^cfd\iX$ Z`fe\j# _fiXi`fj i ^`[fj# efidXj [\ ZfdgfikXd`\ekf p \o`^\eZ`Xj \e cXj i\cXZ`fe\j `ek\ig\ijfeXc\j2 p# \e \jk\ Zfe$ k\okf# cfj Zfc\^`fj \ `ejk`klkfj jfe m\i[X[\iXj ale^cXj \e cXj hl\ f k\ X[XgkXj%%% f cf gXjXj dlp dXc% <e j\^le[f cl^Xi# cfj g\e$ jXd`\ekfj% J\^ e Zfdf `ek\igi\k\dfj el\jkiXj \og\i`\eZ`Xj gXjX[Xj# gi\j\ek\j p ]lkliXj mXdfj X j\ek`i Xe$ j`\[X[ f gcXZ\i% Gfi ck`df# \c Zl\igf1 cfj [`] $ Z`c\j dfd\ekfj [\ cX X[fc\jZ\e$ Z`X# \c _\Z_f [\ \em\a\Z\i# cXj \e]\id\[X[\j# cfj kiXjkfiefj [\c jl\ f# cXj [`\kXj%%% <e i\jld\e# ef \j gfj`Yc\ \jZXgXi [\ kf[Xj cXj j`klXZ`fe\j hl\ efj Zi\Xe Xej`\[X[ \e cX m`[X [`Xi`X# g\if j` ef hl\i\dfj hl\ XZXY\e [X$ Xe[f el\jkiX jXcl[# [\Y\dfj

Xgi\e[\i X ZfdYXk`icXj Zfe \c d kf[f d}j \]\Zk`mf \ `efZlf hl\ j\ ZfefZ\ X cXi^f gcXqf1 cXj k Ze`ZXj [\ i\cXaXZ` e%

<E 9I<M< DĂ?J 8LKF:FEKIFC J` k\ [l\c\ cX ZXY\qX# kfdXj XeXc^Â&#x201E;j`Zfj2 j` ef gl\[\j Zfe$ Z`c`Xi \c jl\Â&#x152;f# kfdXj mXc\i`XeX2 j` ef hl`\i\j hl\[Xik\ [fid`$ [f# kfdXj ZX]Â&#x201E;2 j` \jk}j e\i$ m`fjf# k\ ]ldXj le Z`^Xii`ccf%%% ÂśGfi hlÂ&#x201E; ef jljk`klp\j kf[Xj \jkXj jljkXeZ`Xj gfi leX Yl\eX kÂ&#x201E;Ze`ZX [\ i\cXaXZ`Â?e6 :fe le gfZf [\ gi}Zk`ZX# gl\[\j Zfe$ j\^l`i le Yl\e Zfekifc jfYi\ kl Zl\igf%

EF <J GJ@:FCä>@:F :XejXeZ`f# `ii`kXY`c`[X[# [fcfi [\ ZXY\qX# dXc _ldfi%%% jfe jÂ&#x2C6;ekfdXj hl\ ef j`\dgi\ \jk}e i\cXZ`feX[fj Zfe \c \jkiÂ&#x201E;j% Gfi \jf# Xek\j [\ gfe\i \e gi}Zk`ZX \jkXj kÂ&#x201E;Ze`ZXj# ef \jk} [\ d}j _XZ\i leX m`j`kX Xc dÂ&#x201E;[`Zf gXiX [\jZXikXi gifYc\dXj [\ jXcl[ hl\ ef k\e^Xe eX[X hl\ m\i Zfe cX Xej`\[X[% P \j hl\ ef kf[f \j gj`ZfcÂ?^`Zf%

:, (

Ă&#x201C;Y^W

7 97:7 FHE8B;C7" KD7 IEBK9?ĂŁD <c gi`d\i gXjf gXiX ZfdYXk`i \c \jkiÂ&#x201E;j \j [\k\ZkXi cXj j`klXZ`fe\j hl\ cf ZXljXe% P# leX m\q cfZXc`qX[Xj# Xgi\e[\i X ZfekifcXi cX Xej`\[X[ hl\ ^\e\iXe% GXiX cf^iXicf# _Xp leX j\i`\ [\ kÂ&#x201E;Ze`ZXj ZlpX \Ă&#x201D;ZXZ`X mX X [\g\e[\i \e ^iXe d\[`[X [\c eÂ&#x2019;d\if [\ m\Z\j hl\ j\ gfe^Xe \e gi}Zk`ZX% :fdf kf[f# cX gi`d\iX m\q ef mX X jXc`i [\c kf[f Y`\e2 g\if Zfe le gfZf [\ ZfejkXeZ`X \ `ek\iÂ&#x201E;j# \e Xc^lefj ZXjfj gl\[\e cc\^Xi `eZcljf X jljk`kl`i X cfj kiXkXd`\ekfj ]XidXZfcÂ?^`Zfj# [\ cfj hl\ kXekf j\ XYljX% <c ZlX[if j`ek\k`qX cfj jÂ&#x2C6;ekfdXj [\ Xej`\[X[ d}j Zfdle\j \e cfj \jkl[`Xek\j p cX \Ă&#x201D;ZXZ`X [\ [fj [\ cXj gi`eZ`gXc\j kÂ&#x201E;Ze`ZXj hl\ \o`jk\e gXiX ZfdYXk`icfj1 cX i\cXaXZ`Â?e gif^i\j`mX p cX i\jg`iXZ`Â?e \]\Zk`mX% 8lehl\ XdYXj jfe Â&#x2019;k`c\j gXiX kf[fj \ccfj# j\Â&#x152;XcXdfj Zfe leX O cX d}j X[\ZlX[X gXiX ZX[X ZXjf% <e cXj giÂ?o`dXj Ă&#x201D;Z_Xj \ogc`ZXi\dfj \jkfj dÂ&#x201E;kf[fj gXjf X gXjf%

Ky:E@:8J JĂ EKFD8J

I<C8A8:@äE GIF>I<J@M8

I<JG@I8:@äE <=<:K@M8

8ej`\[X[ Xek\ j`klXZ`fe\j [\k\id`eX[Xj \o}d\e\j# _XYcXi \e gÂ&#x2019;Yc`Zf%%%

O

O

8ej`\[X[ \e cXj i\cXZ`fe\j g\ijfeXc\j Xd`^fj# gX[i\j# gif]\jfi\j%%%

O

O

8ej`\[X[ ^\e\iXc`qX[X j`e i\cXZ`Â?e Zfe leX j`klXZ`Â?e ZfeZi\kX

O

O O

DXc _ldfi# `ii`kXY`c`[X[# i\j\ek`d`\ekf# [\j}e`df%%% D`\[fj# ]fY`Xj X cX \jZl\cX%%%

O

K`Zj# k\dYcfi\j2 [fcfi\j [\ ZXY\qX# [\ YXii`^X# [\ \jgXc[X2 Zfcfe `ii`kXYc\# Â&#x2019;cZ\iXj%%%

O O

=Xk`^X# ZXejXeZ`f# `ejfde`f# g\jX[`ccXj%%%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:, )

ÓY^W

: df i\cXaXi \c Zl\igf p cX d\ek\

i/MMMwõõõõ ½8fld¾# d}j f d\efj Xj jl\eX cX j cXYX jX^iX[X lk`c`qX[X gfi cXj i\c`^`fe\j fi`\ekXc\j gXiX c`Y\iXi cX d\ek\ p XcZXeqXi cX gXq Zfe lef d`jdf% P \j hl\ Ôcfjf] Xj kXe Xek`^lXj Zfdf \c pf^X [\jZlYi`\ife _XZ\ pX dlZ_fj j`^cfj hl\ \c ]leZ`feXd`\ekf [\c fi^Xe`jdf \jk} [`i\ZkXd\ek\ i\cXZ`feX[f Zfe \c \jkX[f [\ cX d\ek\% Gfi \jf# \c gi`d\i gXjf gXiX clZ_Xi ZfekiX \c \jki j \j Xgi\e[\i X ZfefZ\i \c gifg`f Zl\igf p X [\k\ZkXi \e c cX gi`d\iX j\ Xc [\ XcXidX1 cX k\ej` e dljZlcXi% ;\ _\Z_f# jfe ]i\Zl\ek\j cfj gifYc\dXj dljZlcXi\j Zi e`Zfj# Zfdf cfj [fcfi\j [\ \jgXc[X f [\ Z\im`ZXc\j# gifmfZX[fj gfi le \jkX[f g\idXe\ek\ [\ Xej`\[X[ Xek\ \c hl\ cXj gXjk`ccXj i\Z\kX[Xj gfi \c d [`Zf ef XZXYXe [\ [Xi i\jlckX[f%

Gfi \a\dgcf# X_fiX d`jdf1 ¶[ e[\ k`\e\j ZfeZ\ekiX[X cX k\ej` e6 ?Xq le g\hl\ f i\$ gXjf X kl Zl\igf# gl\[\ hl\ cfj d jZlcfj [\ cX ZXiX \jk e k\ejfj f hl\ k\e^Xj \c \jk dX$ ^f ZfekiX [f% ¶F hl`q} jfe cfj _fdYifj p cX \jgXc[X cfj hl\ ZXi^Xe Zfe klj gifYc\dXj6 Kf[fj k\e\dfj glekfj [ Y`$ c\j ZfigfiXc\j hl\ jfe cfj hl\ jfgfikXe el\jkifj e\im`fj% :f$ efZ\i \jkXj qfeXj p i\m`jXicXj [\ m\q \e ZlXe[f efj Xpl[Xi} X k\e\icXj YXaf Zfekifc% ;\ leX ]fidX \jhl\d}k`ZX# Xhl gi\j\ekXdfj cX k Ze`ZX

[\ i\cXaXZ` e gif^i\j`mX [\ AXZfYjfe# \e jl ]fidX XYi\$ m`X[X p X[XgkX[X gXiX kf[Xj cXj \[X[\j% CX gi`d\iX m\q hl\ cX gfe^Xj \e gi}Zk`ZX gl\[\j _XZ\icf Zfe cX Xpl[X [\ fkiX g\ijfeX hl\ k\ mXpX c\p\e$ [f ZX[X lef [\ cfj gXjfj# \e cfj hl\ k\ [\Y\j gXiXi le d e`df [\ * j\^le[fj% <c fYa\k`mf \j hl\ \e ZlXchl`\i j`klXZ` e# p X kiXm j [\ Xlkf`ej$ kilZZ`fe\j d\ekXc\j# Zfej`^Xj \e Xg\eXj le `ejkXek\ fi[\eXi X kl Zl\igf hl\ j\ i\cXa\% ·G\if ef k\ \jki\j\j j` ef k\ jXc\ X cX gi`d\iX <j Zl\jk` e [\ gi}Zk`ZX%

<E 9I<M< D<EK< P :L<IGF CX dXpfiÂ&#x2C6;X [\ efjfkifj \jkX$ dfj d}j g\e[`\ek\j [\ cf hl\ fZlii\ X el\jkif Xci\[\[fi hl\ [\ cf hl\ c\ gXjX X el\jkif gif$ g`f Zl\igf% P \jkf \j le \iifi1 \e cXj j`klXZ`fe\j [\ \jkiÂ&#x201E;j# \c fi^Xe`jdf \j \c gi`d\if \e jl]i`icf# `eZcljf Xek\j [\ hl\ j\Xdfj ZfejZ`\ek\j [\ \ccf% Gfi \jf# gXiX XZklXi ZlXekf Xek\j# \j e\Z\jXi`f hl\ ZX[X [Â&#x2C6;X efj _X^Xdfj le i}g`[f Z_\hl\f gXiX [\k\ZkXi k\ej`f$ e\j `ee\Z\jXi`Xj%

EFD9I< GIFG@F <[dfe[ AXZfYjfe \iX le dÂ&#x201E;$ [`Zf [\ :_`ZX^f hl\ \e (0)0 glYc`ZÂ? le c`Yif k`klcX[f I\cX$ aXZ`Â?e gif^i\j`mX% <jkX kÂ&#x201E;Ze`ZX j\ YXjXYX \e cX gi\d`jX [\ hl\ kf[X j`klXZ`Â?e [\ Xej`\[X[ Zi\X k\ej`Â?e dljZlcXi \e \c fi^X$ e`jdf# hl\ X jl m\q Xld\ekX cX j\ejXZ`Â?e [\ e\im`fj`jdf p \c dXc\jkXi% <ekfeZ\j# j` Xgi\e[\dfj X i\cXaXi \c Zl\i$ gf# Zfej\^l`i\dfj i\cXaXi cX d\ek\# Xi^ld\ekÂ? AXZfYjfe% 8jÂ&#x2C6; [\ ]}Z`c%

:, )

Ă&#x201C;Y^W H;B7@7HI;" F7IE 7 F7IE

Â&#x203A; <jk}j kldYX[f f j\ekX[f \e le cl^Xi ZÂ?df[f Zfe cfj fafj Z\iiX[fj p kf[Xj cXj gXik\j [\c Zl\igf XgfpX[Xj [\ dXe\iX hl\ e`e^Â&#x2019;e dÂ&#x2019;jZlcf \jk} \e k\ej`Â?e% 8Ă&#x2022;Â?aXk\ ZlXekf gl\[Xj%

Â&#x203A; :feZÂ&#x201E;ekiXk\ \e cX dXef [\i\Z_X p \c`d`eX ZlXchl`\i k\ej`Â?e% Jl\ckX \jfj dÂ&#x2019;jZlcfj ZX[X m\q d}j% Â&#x203A; I\cXaX cfj dÂ&#x2019;jZlcfj [\c Xek\YiXqf [\i\Z_f% 8Â&#x2019;e d}j% Â&#x203A; 8_fiX i\cXaX cfj dÂ&#x2019;jZlcfj [\ cX gXik\ jlg\i`fi [\c YiXqf [\i\Z_f% J`^l\ XĂ&#x2022;faXe[f \c YiXqf [\i\Z_f# \c Xek\YiXqf p cX dXef _XjkX cX glekX [\ cfj [\[fj%

Â&#x203A; :feZÂ&#x201E;ekiXk\ \e cX dXef `qhl`\i[X p i\c}aXcX kf[f cf hl\ gl\[Xj% Â&#x203A; 8Ă&#x2022;faX cfj dÂ&#x2019;jZlcfj [\c Xek\YiXqf `qhl`\i[f% Â&#x203A; <og\i`d\ekX X_fiX cX i\cXaXZ`Â?e \e cX gXik\ jlg\i`fi [\c YiXqf `qhl`\i[f% 8Ă&#x2022;Â?aXcf d}j p d}j% Â&#x203A; I\cXaX X_fiX cfj [fj _fdYifj p j`\ek\ cX jlXm\ g\jX[\q [\ YiXqfj# dXefj p [\[fj% Â&#x203A; :feZÂ&#x201E;ekiXk\ \e cX ZXiX% JlXm`qX cX ]i\ek\% Â&#x203A; Cfj fafj \jk}e jlXm\d\ek\ Z\iiX[fj% Â&#x203A; CX i\cXaXZ`Â?e j\ \ok`\e[\ gfi cXj d\a`ccXj% <jkfj dÂ&#x2019;jZlcfj \jk}e ZX[X m\q d}j Ă&#x2022;fafj% Â&#x203A; KXdY`Â&#x201E;e cX dXe[Â&#x2C6;YlcX \jk} dlp jl\ckX% Cfj cXY`fj Xc^f j\gXiX[fj% Â&#x203A; <c i\cXo j\ \ok`\e[\ gfi \c Zl\ccf p \c g\Z_f d`\ekiXj k\ [`jk`\e[\j ZX[X m\q d}j% Â&#x203A; I\jg`iXj [\ ]fidX c\ekX p i\^lcXi% :X[X m\q hl\ \Z_\j \c X`i\ [\Y\j i\cXaXik\ d}j% Â&#x203A; J`\ek\ cX i\cXaXZ`Â?e \e ZX[\iXj p eXc^Xj% Â&#x203A; 8_fiX jl\ckX cX k\ej`Â?e [\ dljcfj p gXekfii`ccXj% Â&#x203A; D}j# j`^l\ XĂ&#x2022;fa}e[fk\ d}j% Â&#x203A; 8_fiX cc\^X X cfj g`\j1 jlÂ&#x201E;ckXcfj% Â&#x203A; :l\ekX d\ekXcd\ek\ _XjkX (' p m\k\ i\cXa}e[fk\ d}j p d}j \e ZX[X eÂ&#x2019;d\if% Â&#x203A; <jk}k\ XjÂ&#x2C6;# i\jg`iXe[f c\ekXd\ek\# [liXek\ lefj d`elkfj% Â&#x203A; 8_fiX Zl\ekX [\ , X ' p \dg`\qX X i\ZfYiXik\% Âś8 hl\ pX k\ \eZl\ekiXj d\afi6

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:, *

Ă&#x201C;Y^W

:Â?df Xgi\e[\i X i\jg`iXi

)NSPIRA ĂľESPIRA þþ :f^\i X`i\ p \Z_Xicf%%% I\jg`iXi ef gXi\Z\ dlp [`]Â&#x2C6;Z`c# Xlehl\ cfj \jkl[`fj [\dl\jkiXe hl\ ZX[X m\q cf _XZ\dfj g\fi# p [\ leX ]fidX d}j `eZfdgc\kX p XZ\c\iX[X% M\Xdfj \c gifZ\jf% :lXe[f `ejg`iXdfj# Zf^\dfj X`i\# p cf _XZ\dfj \e [fj ]Xj\j% Gi`d\if cc\eXdfj cX qfeX YXaX [\ cfj glcdfe\j# `eĂ&#x2022;Xdfj \c m`\eki\ p [Xdfj cl^Xi X cX i\jg`iXZ`Â?e XY[fd`eXc f [`X]iX^d}k`ZX% <e leX j\^le[X ]Xj\# cc\eXdfj cX qfeX [\c g\Z_f# \j cX i\jg`iXZ`Â?e kfi}Z`ZX% :lXe[f \oglcjXdfj \c X`i\# jlZ\[\ Xc i\mÂ&#x201E;j1 gi`d\if mXZ`Xdfj \c kÂ?iXo p [\jglÂ&#x201E;j \c XY[fd\e% G\if \jk\ fi[\e \j jfcf \c `[\Xc# pX hl\# \e i\Xc`[X[# \jk\ gifZ\jf \jk} kXe le`[f X el\jkifj \jkX[fj [\ }e`df hl\ j\ Xck\iX [\ leX j`klXZ`Â?e X fkiX%

Gfi \a\dgcf# \e dfd\ekfj [\ \jkiÂ&#x201E;j# Xe^ljk`X f d`\[f# k\e[\dfj X Zfek\e\i cX `ejg`$ iXZ`Â?e# X i\kiXjXi cX \jg`iXZ`Â?e p X \oglcjXi d\efj X`i\ [\c hl\ kfdXdfj% JlZ\[\ \ekfeZ\j hl\ el\jkiX i\jg`iXZ`Â?e [`X]iX^d}$ k`ZX j\ i\[lZ\ dlZ_f# f `eZcljf [\jXgXi\Z\% P hl\[X jfcf cX kf$ i}Z`ZX% <ekfeZ\j j\ek`dfj leX fgi\j`Â?e ]Â&#x2C6;j`ZX# dlp gXi\Z`[X X cX [\ cc\mXi le ZfijÂ&#x201E;# hl\ [\j[\ cl\^f ef Xpl[X \e eX[X X jlg\$ iXi cX k\ej`Â?e gj`ZfcÂ?^`ZX1 gfe\ d}j [`]Â&#x2C6;Z`c\j cXj ZfjXj# pX hl\ \c X`i\ \eiXi\Z`[f# d}j gfYi\ \e foÂ&#x2C6;^\ef# [X j\ejXZ`Â?e [\ Xkli[`d`\ekf% J`e \dYXi^f# \jkX j`klXZ`Â?e j\ gl\[\ \m`kXi Xgc`ZXe[f leXj j\eZ`ccXj g\if \]\Zk`mXj kÂ&#x201E;Ze`$ ZXj# Zfdf cX [\ cX i\jg`iXZ`Â?e gif]le[X% G\if# Xek\j [\ eX[X# ÂśjXY\j i\jg`iXi6 ?Xq cX gil\YX# hl\ \j dlp ]}Z`c1 ` K`Â&#x201E;e[\k\ \e \c jl\cf p Zf$

cÂ?ZXk\ \e gfj`Z`Â?e [\ Zl\igf dl\ikf1 g`\ieXj \jk`iX[Xj p YiXqfj X cfj cX[fj [\c Zl\igf Zfe cXj dXefj d`iXe[f _XZ`X Xii`YX% Cfj fafj Z\iiX[fj%

` 8_fiX ZfcfZX leX dXef \e cX

gXik\ [\ kl Zl\igf hl\ jlY\ p YXaX ZX[X m\q hl\ i\jg`iXj% J` \jk\ cl^Xi \jk} \e \c kÂ?iXo# X cX XckliX [\c g\Z_f# j`^e`Ă&#x201D;ZX hl\ ef \jk}j m\ek`cXe[f Y`\e cfj glcdfe\j% ` J`# gfi \c ZfekiXi`f# \j \c XY$

[fd\e \c hl\ i\Xc`qX cfj dfm`$ d`\ekfj# fYj\imX cf j`^l`\ek\1 efkX ZÂ?df j\ `eĂ&#x2022;X ZX[X m\q hl\ kfdXj X`i\ p j\ [\j`eĂ&#x2022;X ZlXe$

[f cf \jg`iXj% J` cf _XZ\j XjÂ&#x2C6;# cf _XZ\j Y`\e% 8_fiX jfcf k\ hl\[X Xgi\e[\i le kÂ&#x201E;Ze`ZX gXiX d\afiXi jl i`kdf% J`^l\ cfj gXjfj%%%

:, *

Ă&#x201C;Y^W 9E=; 7?H;

<E 9I<M<

yjkX \j cX kÂ&#x201E;Ze`ZX [\ cX i\jg`iXZ`Â?e gif]le[X# hl\ k\ \ej\Â&#x152;Xi} X `ejg`iXi p \jg`iXi [\ ]fidX Zfii\ZkX# Zfe[`Z`Â?e ]le[Xd\ekXc gXiX \jkXi i\cXaX[f1

¡8P# JLJG@IF%%%

( 8lehl\ \jk\ \a\iZ`Z`f gl\[\ giXZk`ZXij\ \e [`jk`ekXj gfj`Z`fe\j# cX d}j i\Zfd\e[XYc\ \j kldYX[f#

ÂśHlÂ&#x201E; j`^e`Ă&#x201D;ZX le jljg`if6 Gl\j# X[\d}j [\ d\cXeZfcÂ&#x2C6;X p dXc [\ Xdfi# \j le jÂ&#x2C6;ekfdX [\ ]XckX [\ foÂ&#x2C6;^\ef p [\ hl\ \c fi^Xe`jdf kiXkX [\ Zfdg\ejXi XjÂ&#x2C6; \jX j`klXZ`Â?e% 8lehl\ \c jljg`if dlZ_Xj m\Z\j `dgc`$ ZX hl\ Xc^f Xe[X dXc# \j le XZkf hl\ c`Y\iX k\ej`Â?e# gfi cf hl\ gl\[\ giXZk`ZXij\ Zfdf d\[`f [\ i\cXaXZ`Â?e% J`\dgi\ hl\ k\e^Xj ^XeXj [\ jljg`iXi# ef k\ Zfik\j1 _Xqcf mXi`Xj m\Z\j j\^l`[Xj p m\i}j ZÂ?df k\ hl\$ [Xj kXe X ^ljkf%

) :fcfZX leX dXef jfYi\ \c XY[fd\e m`\eki\ p fkiX jfYi\ \c kÂ?iXo g\Z_f %

Zfe cXj if[`ccXj [fYcX[Xj%

* :f^\ X`i\# c\ekX p gif]le[Xd\ek\# gfi cX eXi`q p _Xqcf cc\^Xi _XjkX \c XY[fd\e _XjkX c\mXekXi cX dXef

hl\ k`\e\j ZfcfZX[X jfYi\ Â&#x201E;c% <c kÂ?iXo j\ dfm\i} jfcf le gfZf p X cX m\q hl\ \c XY[fd\e% + Ml\cm\ X `e_XcXi X`i\ gfi cX eXi`q p j}ZXcf gfi cX YfZX _XZ`\e[f le il`[f jlXm\ p i\cXaXek\# Zfdf \c

m`\ekf% 8jÂ&#x2C6;# kl YfZX p kl c\e^lX j\ i\cXaXi}e% ?Xq i\jg`iXZ`fe\j cXi^Xj# c\ekXj p gif]le[Xj hl\ \c\m\e p YXa\e \c XY[fd\e# p ]Â&#x2C6;aXk\ \e cX j\ejXZ`Â?e [\ i\cXaXZ`Â?e hl\ k\ gif[lZ\ ZX[X m\q hl\ i\jg`iXj% , <jk\ \a\iZ`Z`f [\Y\ [liXi [\ , X (' d`elkfj# p gl\[\j _XZ\icf leX f [fj m\Z\j Xc [Â&#x2C6;X [liXek\ Xc^leXj

j\dXeXj% LeX m\q cf [fd`e\j# gf[i}j gfe\icf \e gi}Zk`ZX \e ZlXchl`\i gfj`Z`Â?e j\ekX[f# [\ g`\ f XZfjkX[f p \e cXj j`klXZ`fe\j hl\ k\ Zi\\e Xej`\[X[% M\i}j \c i\jlckX[f%

I@J8J# GFI =8MFI Âś8 hl`Â&#x201E;e c\ \ekiX cX i`jX ZlXe[f \jk} dlp \jki\jX[f6 8 ef j\i hl\ j\X e\im`fjX# eX[`\ k`\e\ ^XeXj [\ ZXiZXa\Xij\ ZlXe[f cXj ZfjXj c\ mXe dXc% J`e \dYXi$ ^f# cX i`jX \j \c d\afi XekÂ&#x2C6;[fkf eXkliXc ZfekiX \c \jkiÂ&#x201E;j1 ^iXZ`Xj X cXj \e[fiĂ&#x201D;eXj hl\ j\^i\^X# Xpl[X X m\i cXj ZfjXj [\j[\ le glekf [\ m`jkX d\efj [iXd}k`$ Zf% CXj ]XZZ`fe\j j\ i\cXaXe# cXj k\ej`fe\j ZfigfiXc\j j\ [`j`gXe p cXj gi\fZlgXZ`fe\j j\ fcm`$ [Xe% Jl XZZ`Â?e k\iXgÂ&#x201E;lk`ZX \j kXe \]\Zk`mX Zfdf cX [\ jXY\i i\jg`iXi Y`\e%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!

:, +

ÓY^W

: df _XZ\i ]i\ek\ X cXj Zi`j`j [\ Xej`\[X[

_1UEõNOõCUNDAõELõP°NICO õ ½·;`fj d f# d\ dl\if ¾% <jkX \j cX [\jX^iX[XYc\ j\ejXZ` e hl\ j\ k`\e\ ZlXe[f lef gXjX gfi le XkXhl\ [\ Xej`\[X[% <jk\ kiXjkfief# ZX[X [ X d}j Zfd e \e X[lckfj ÇjfYi\ kf[f \e dla\i\jÇ# g\if kXdY` e \e X[fc\jZ\ek\j p e` fj# kiX\ [\ ZXY\qX X kf[f Xhl\c hl\ cf _X \og\i`d\ekX[f% CX j`klXZ` e j\ gif[lZ\ d}j f d\efj Xj 1 j`e leX ZXljX XgXi\ek\# p [\ ]fidX `e\jg\iX[X# j\ \ekiX \e leX Zi`j`j [\ Xej`\[X[ \e cX hl\ _Xp le d`\[f `ek\ejf X g\i[\i \c Zfekifc# le gi\j\ek`d`\ekf [\ hl\ Xc^f _fii`Yc\ mX X gXjXi f `eZcljf d`\[f X dfi`i# kf[f \jkf XZfdgX X[f [\ j ekfdXj Zfdf1 [`ÔZlckX[ gXiX i\jg`iXi# [fcfi \e \c g\Z_f# gXcg`kXZ`fe\j# jl[fiXZ` e# jf]fZf# j\ejXZ` e [\ `ii\Xc`[X[# k\dYcfi\j# dXi\f p e}lj\Xj% Gfi cf ^\e\iXc# \jk\ gifZ\jf jl\c\ [liXi \eki\ [`\q d`elkfj p d\[`X _fiX# X m\Z\j Xc^f d}j# p cX gi`d\iX m\q [\aX dlp [\jZfeZ\ikX[f Xc hl\ cf jl]i\% <j `e\m`kXYc\ hl\ leX gi\^lekX XjXck\ jl ZXY\qX1 ½¶D\ \jkXi mfcm`\e[f cfZf6¾% Gl\j ZcXif hl\ ef# j`dgc\d\ek\ \j leX gifk\jkX [\c Zl\igf ZfekiX leX j`klXZ` e [\ \jki j hl\ X m\Z\j e` j`hl`\iX j\ _XY X [\k\ZkX[f ½g\if j` pf \jkXYX kXe kiXehl`cf¾ % ;`^Xdfj hl\ \j leX ccXdX[X [\ Xk\eZ` e [\c fi^Xe`jdf gXiX gfe\i ]i\ef X le \oZ\jf [\ k\ej` e gj`Zfc ^`ZX%

<c kiXkXd`\ekf d}j \]\Zk`mf \j leX ZfdY`eXZ` e [\ _}Y`kfj jXcl[XYc\j \e cX m`[X [`Xi`X p cX gj`Zfk\iXg`X f Xgi\e[`qXa\ [\ k Ze`ZXj [\ i\cXaXZ` e% 8 m\Z\j kXdY` e \j e\Z\jXi`f ZfekXi Zfe Xc^ e d\[`ZXd\ekf cfj _Xp dlp \]\Zk`mfj # j`\d$ gi\ hl\ \jk i\Z\kX[f gfi \c d [`Zf%

GXiX \dg\qXi# j` k jXY\j [\ hl \jkXdfj _XYcXe[f p hl`\$ i\j XZXYXi Zfe \ccfj# XZfjk d$ YiXk\ X leX m`[X d}j jXeX1 ` ?Xq \a\iZ`Z`f p Zfd\ Zfe

i\^lcXi`[X[% ` <m`kX \c \oZ\jf [\ ZX]\ eX# kX$

YXZf p XcZf_fc# pX hl\ Xld\ekX cX Xej`\[X[% ` 8gi\e[\ X j\ek`ij\ Y`\e _X$

Z`\e[f le kiXYXaf Zfdg\k\ek\ f jlÔZ`\ek\d\ek\ Yl\ef j`e e\Z\j`[X[ [\ cc\^Xi X cX g\i]\ZZ` e% ` K dXk\ le [\jZXejf

\e cXj j`klXZ`fe\j hl\ k\ gifmfZXe \jki j1 \j$ ZlZ_X d j`ZX# Z_XicX Zfe le Xd`^f# \jZi`$ Y\# [`YlaX f [Xk\ le gXj\f% ` 8gi\e[\ cX k Ze`ZX [\

cX i\jg`iXZ` e XY[f$ d`eXc p cX i\cXaXZ` e gif^i\j`mX [\ cfj d jZlcfj hl\ jfe cXj hl\ \ogc`ZXdfj \e cXj ÔZ_Xj ;-$* p ;-$+ % Gfecfj \e gi}Zk`ZX# m\i}j Z df k\ [Xi}e j\^li`[X[%

:, +

Ă&#x201C;Y^W ÂśO7 ;IJĂ&#x153; 7GKĂ&#x;

<E 9I<M<

<jkXj jfe leXj fi`\ekXZ`fe\j gXiX ZfdYXk`i cX Zi`j`j [\ Xej`\[X[ \e \c dfd\ekf \e \c hl\ pX j\ _X gi\j\ekX[f1

ÂśHLy D< G8J8# ;F:KFI6

( :lXe[f cc\^l\ \c g}e`Zf# XZÂ&#x201E;gkXcf% <jg\iX p [Xc\ k`\dgf X hl\ j\ k\ gXj\ j`e jXc`i Zfii`\e[f%

CXj gXcg`kXZ`fe\j# \c k\dYcfi# cX jl[fiXZ`Â?e# cX m`j`Â?e Yf$ iifjX f \c [fcfi [\ \jkÂ?dX^f jfe Xc^lefj jÂ&#x2C6;ekfdXj ]Â&#x2C6;j`Zfj [\ cXj Zi`j`j [\ g}e`Zf hl\ dlZ_Xj m\Z\j cc\mX X g\ejXi \e leX \e]\id\[X[# gfi cf hl\ cX g\ijfeX XZl[\ X j\im`$ Z`fj dÂ&#x201E;[`Zfj hl\ \ej\^l`[X [\jZXikXe cfj gifYc\dXj [\ jXcl[% <j \ekfeZ\j ZlXe[f _Xp hl\ mXcfiXi cX gfj`Y`c`[X[ [\ XZl[`i Xc gj`ZÂ?cf^f# f Xc [\gXikXd\ekf [\ fi`\ekXZ`Â?e# hl\ [Xi} cXj gi`d\iXj gXlkXj [\ XZklXZ`Â?e%

) G`\ejX hl\ X g\jXi [\ hl\ cX j`klXZ`Â?e \j [\jX^iX[XYc\# ef \j [XÂ&#x152;`eX e` g\c`^ifjX gXiX kl jXcl[% * K\e gi\j\ek\ hl\ cf hl\ \jk}j \og\i`d\ekXe[f ef \j d}j hl\ leX \oX^\iXZ`Â?e [\ kl i\XZZ`Â?e Zfigf$

iXc efidXc Xek\ \c \jkiÂ&#x201E;j% + Ef clZ_\j ZfekiX klj j\ek`d`\ekfj e` `ek\ek\j jXZ}ik\cfj [\ cX ZXY\qX1 ZlXekf d\efj k\ \e]i\ek\j X

\ccfj d\efj `ek\ejfj j\i}e% , Ef Xld\ek\j kl g}e`Zf g\ejXe[f hlÂ&#x201E; gf[iÂ&#x2C6;X gXjXi% J` k\ XjXckX cX gi\^lekX ½œhlÂ&#x201E; gXjXiÂ&#x2C6;X j`6ž#

ZfekÂ&#x201E;jkXk\ ½¡Yl\ef# pX \jk}# jfcf \j \jkf ž% - >iX[Â&#x2019;X kl e`m\c [\ d`\[f [\c ( Xc (' p d`iX j` jlY\ f YXaX% M\i}j hl\ ef g\idXe\Z\ \e Xckfj e`m\c\j

[liXek\ d}j [\ lefj j\^le[fj% . GXiX ZfekifcXi cX j`klXZ`Â?e cc\mX X ZXYf Xc^leX kXi\X hl\ \eki\k\e^X kl d\ek\# Zfdf cX [\ ZfekXi

_XZ`X Xki}j [\j[\ ('' [\ * \e *% / G`\ejX \e cf Y`\e hl\ k\ mXj X j\ek`i ZlXe[f cf jlg\i\j \jkX m\q%

<C D@<;F 8 HL< J< I<G@K8 8 m\Z\j# \c d`\[f X hl\ j\ i\g`kX cX Zi`j`j cc\mX X \jZXgXi [\ [\k\id`eX[Xj j`klXZ`fe\j# Zi\Xe[f le \jkX[f ZiÂ?e`Zf [\ Xej`\[X[% Gfi \a\dgcf# le X[fc\jZ\ek\ hl\ j\ _XpX j\e$ k`[f dXc _XYcXe[f \e gÂ&#x2019;Yc`Zf mX X `ek\ekXi \m`kXi ZlXchl`\i `ek\im\eZ`Â?e [\ \jk\ k`gf# cf hl\ gl\[\ c`d`kXi jl m`[X [\ \jkl[`Xek\% Gfi \jf# ZlXekf Xek\j j\ `ek\im\e^X p j\ _X^X ]i\ek\ Xc gifYc\dX# d\afi%

)4 &# #

02/'2!-!