Tameer E Fikr - Nov Dec 2013 Issue by Aneesur Rahman

Nov-Dec 2013

Urdu/ English Bi-Monthly

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W es

pe ci al iz ei n :

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English, Arabic, Urdu Kannada, Hindi

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Nov-Dec 2013

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utmost responsibility and care. Since the statements of the Qur’an pertaining to various fields are from the creator of the earth and the heavens, there could not be any doubt in their certainty and firmness. Scientific discoveries tend to verify their truth ultimately. Even if science didn’t reach to any conclusion in any matter, the truth of Qur’anic statements are still held as true, because the meanings of Holy Qur’an are resilient to change. From such Page 13 bifurcation. It has helped humanity to land in the lap of heresy and materialism. Such a grave mistake must never be repeated. There is need for presenting a consolidated system and code of life by correlating the sciences and the Divine Laws

Moulana Aneesur Rahman Nadvi and his pious father Moulana Mohammed Shihabuddin Nadvi have tried to adhere to this principle. They chose those subjects for their research and study in which the discoveries of modern science comply with the statements of Holy Qur’an and hadith and demonstrate the compatibility between them. Some points might be prone to disparity of opinion. Nevertheless, the academic effort of Moulana is in the light of the Qur'anic Wisdom. And such a service can be rendered by our Ulema confidently. They must come forward and deliver the goods so that humanity is saved from falling into the pits of heresy, discontent, disharmony and annihilation. ***

Nov-Dec 2013

laudable and he has made valuable addition to treasure of Islamic library through these knowledgeable researches in the form of books and pamphlets. By going through these three books of Moulana Aneesur Rahman Nadvi, one might assess the effort Moulana has put behind these books. His effort is laudable. May Allah make his books profitable to the learned and new researches are made to the subject matter of Holy Qur’an.***

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Page 14: the Almighty Allah. Allah, the Almighty, says: [And say, O Muhammad, to these polytheists and pagans, 'All the praises and thanks be to Allah. He will show you His signs and you shall recognize them. And your Lord is not unaware of what you do.'] (AnNaml: 93). (ICSSQS) ***

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Books & Reviews “Moulana’s Researches are laudable. His work is valuable addition to the treasure of library of Islam and to the subject matter of Holy Qur’an” Islamic Concept of Earthquakes Author: Aneesur Rahman Nadvi Publisher: Furqania Academy Waqf Year of Publication: 2011 Pages: 120 Price: 130 Reviewed by: Moulana Mohammed Rabey Hasni Nadvi President, All India Muslim Personal Law Board & Reactor Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama

Furqania Academy Bangalore is indulged in an immensely valuable task by adopting natural and scientific aspects of Holy Qur’an as its study and research field. Usually, the academies are established in the scientific world with the contribution of several individuals in order to bring forward study and research work. But occasionally in the east a single person performs the work of an academy with his personal passion and individualistic efforts. If we use the term academy in a literary sense in order to express “one individual” it won’t be unrealistic. The case of Furqania Academy is similar to this one. It was established by one of the geniuses of the contemporary world, Moulana Mohammed Shihabuddin Nadvi. He compiled a complete research library by his personal investigative and analytical efforts. He chose the scientific

and natural aspects of the Holy Qur’an as his research field and compiled books and pamphlets on different topics after research and investigation. His total books exceed 50 in number. Some of them are as follow: The Holy Qur’an and Botany/ Evolution or Creation/ The Conquest of Moon in the Light of Qur’an/ Qur’an, Science and the Muslims/ Qur’anic Concept of Knowledge/ Islamic Shariah: A Rational and Scientific Perspective and other books on a number of other similar topics. He compiled books in order to bring forward his intellectual and academic deductions and inferences backed by scientific proofs and evidences. In this way, he accomplished a new and thought provoking work. He accomplished this task by establishing his center under the title “Furqania Academy”. It was predestined that his life

Nov-Dec 2013

span didn’t last too long. After him, his educated and wellinformed sons took forward the mission of their famed father. Moulana Aneesur Rahman Nadvi is one of his sons. The research work accomplished by him is in front of me in the form of three of his books. Among these three books, one book discusses the discovery of Mount Qaf, Islamic concept of earthquakes and volcanic activities of the earth. The second book discusses the death of Ibrahim b. Mohammed PBUH and the occurrence of solar eclipse in the light of astronomical calculations. The third book is the manifestations of olive, whose importance has been highlighted in the Holy Qur’an. It has been proved in the light of modern scientific discoveries. He brought forward these researches in the light of his scientific study and Qur’anic knowledge backed by scientific evidences. These books demonstrate agreement and compatibility between Qur’anic knowledge and scientific discoveries on a greater level. The endeavor to bring forward the compatibility between Qur’anic knowledge and scientific discoveries is an extremely valuable effort. This task is delicate, because the scientific discoveries are subject to modifications. Occasionally, the previously held researches and theories are modified by the new researches. Hence the need is dire to accomplish this task with

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Nov-Dec 2013

Major cities will hit climate 'tipping point' by 2047: Study Climate change is poised to usher in "a new normal" where average annual temperatures are concerned â&#x20AC;&#x201D; and that normal is going to be a hot one. That's according to new research published in this week's Nature Magazine, which warns that regions around the world will soon see temperature increases that have no recorded historical precedent. "Go back in your life to think about the hottest, most traumatic event you have experienced," study author Camilo Mora told The New York Times. "What we're saying is that very soon, that event is going to become the norm." Mora's team crunched data from climate models to come up with the findings, which are based on the premise that greenhouse gas emissions will continue unabated in the years to come. The data analyzed by his team comes from 39

different climate models out of 12 countries, most of which have already been used in other published research. But Mora and his colleagues wanted to use the data to do something different. What they concluded is that by 2047, more than half of the planet will experience average temperatures hotter than anything seen between 1860 and 2005. In the tropics, that "tipping point" is likely to arrive even sooner: the models suggest that Jakarta will hit unprecedented temperature extremes in 2029, and that BogotĂĄ, Columbia will experien ce them in 2033. M o s t major America n cities included in the study will

reach their tipping point around 2047, give or take a five-year margin of error. Even if countries around the world make aggressive moves to curtail their emissions, an unpleasant new climactic paradigm will still emerge by 2069, the study authors speculate. That inevitability, they note, should be an urgent call for adaptive measures that would protect plant and animal life, as well as measures to ensure water security and public health, among other facets of human society that threaten to be disrupted by hotter temperatures.

Global Warming Tied to Rise in Human Conflicts

than average annual temperature. Examples include spikes in domestic violence in India and Australia, increased assaults and murders in the United States and Tanzania, ethnic violence in Europe and South Asia, land invasions in Brazil, police using force in Holland, civil conflicts throughout the tropics and even the collapse of Mayan and Chinese empires.**

Melting ice fields, increasing vector-borne diseases and erratic weather patterns have been the direct result of climate change. But scientists have now linked it to worldwide violence too saying climate strongly affects human conflict. The results were published on Friday in the Journal Science.

They say a global temperature rise of 2 degrees Celsius as envisaged over the next half a century could increase the rate of inter-group conflicts such as civil wars by over 50%. The study data covers major regions of the world and shows similar patterns of conflict linked to climatic change such as increased drought or higher

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Science News fraction of the vast reservoirs of methane in the Arctic, but scientists believe the release of The Melting Arctic is now even a small proportion of being called an “economic time these reserves could trigger bomb”. Economic modelling possibly catastrophic climate shows methane emissions change. caused by shrinking sea ice The research also explored the from just one area of the Arctic impact of a number of later, could come with a global price longer-lasting or smaller pulses tag of $60 trillion - the size of of methane, and the authors the world economy in 2012. write that, in all these cases, the Researches from Cambridge economic cost for physical and Rotterdam have for the first changes to the Arctic is “steep”. time calculated the potential economic impact of a scenario some scientists consider increasingly likely: that methane from the East Siberian Sea will be emitted as a result of the thaw. This constitutes just a

Arctic Meldown to cost global economy $60tn

Nov-Dec 2013

Change in climate faster than ever Climate change is occurring 10 times faster than any time in the past 65 million years. If the trend continues at its current rapid pace, it will place significant stress on terrestrial ecosystems around the world and many species will need to make behavioral, or geographic adaptations to survive, says Standford climate scientists. The study says the planet is undergoing one of the largest changes in climate since the dinosaurs went extinct. But what might be even more troubling for humans, plants and animals is the speed of the change.

Water found on Mars

Water has been discovered in fine-grained soil on the Plastic ingredient found on Saturn’s moon the surface of Mars, which could be On Earth, this molecule, which scientist from the agency's a useful resource for future comprises three carbon atoms Goddard Space Flight Center. A human missions to the red and six hydrogen atoms, is a classic example would be the p l a n e t , a c c o r d i n g t o constituent of many plastics. plastic boxes used to store food measurements made by Nasa's Curiosity rover. It is the first definitive detection in kitchens worldwide. Each cubic foot of Martian soil of the plastic ingredient on any T i t a n i s d o m i n a t e d b y contains around two pints of moon or planet, other than our hydrocarbons - principally liquid water, though the home world, says the US space methane, which after nitrogen, molecules are not freely agency (Nasa). is the most common component accessible, but rather bound to The discovery, made by of the atmosphere. other minerals in the soil. Cassini's infrared spectrometer, The Curiosity rover has been on was reported in Astrophysical Mars since August 2012. Its Journal Letters. target is to circle and climb Mount Sharp, which lies at the "This chemical is all around us centre of the crater, a five-kmin everyday life, strung together high mountain of layered rock in long chains to form a plastic called polypropylene," said that will help scientists unravel Conor Nixon, a Nasa planetary the history of the planet.

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extracts of the writing of Bachanan and the letters of Tipu Sultan. The objective of Tipu was to see his country prosperous and his subjects well-off. Though Rais has mentioned these efforts of Sultan, yet he writes with prejudice: “Copying East Indian Company, Tipu Sultan issued a number of ordinances though out his kingdom, whose objective was his personal gains.” It is beyond comprehension how, if trade is flourishing in the kingdom and craft and workmanship is on the increase, only Sultan would benefit from it? Instead each and every person would get its fruits and the income of the state too would increase. Moreover, it will open doors of livelihood to thousands of people. The efforts of Sultan too culminate in the form that his kingdom became wholly prosperous and unemployment vanished completely. Member of Parliament W. Tarnus’ statement is proof to this: “Mysore under the rule of Tipu Sultan was the greenest state, and its citizens were the most prosperous in India.” Bank Rais writes: “Banks were established in the whole kingdom for the convenience and benefit of the citizens, traders and cultivators. Main feature of these banks was that the poor and the small investors were

the main beneficiaries from it. Hence, the submitter of Rs. 500/- would get 50% annually as profit, the submitter of between Rs. 500-5000 would get 25% and the submitter of more than Rs. 5000 would get 12% annually. This was also copy of East India Company and the aim of all this was to exploit the people.” It is sad that Rais didn’t provide any proof of this ‘exploitation’. The enemies of Sultan used to find faults in each of his skills. It is said that “the liar doesn’t have memory”. Hence, Rais himself writes in yet another chapter of his book: “There used to be government shops and stores under these banks, where every kind of goods was made available, which used to be sold to government and nongovernment people. The profit earned though this way, would be distributed among the people through the bank.

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corners of the globe. Even today in Europe and UK, without Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan’s name, Mysore will bear no importance. It is because the world is unaware of the crude products, craft and workmanship of Mysore. Mysore gained importance politically because of Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan. In addition, it was Tipu who introduced Mysore to the outer world with industrial and manufacturing development. In the previous pages we have dealt with trade. Now we will deal with the efforts of Sultan for the development of agriculture. We have mentioned in Sultan’s state reforms he had abolished the landownership and made the cultivators owners of the land. It resulted in the freedom of cultivators who were suppressed under the burden of landlords and various taxes for years. I have mentioned under the reforms to what extent the land revenue Agriculture was dropped. It lowered to the Before ‘Sultanat e Khudadad’, extent that the land revenue was M y s o r e w a s p u r e l y a n collected based on produce of agricultural state. Ragi was the land instead of the land itself. common food which was The cultivators of wet land cultivated widely. Rice was would be awarded with dry also cultivated in and around land. Tipu also proclaimed that Srirangapatna. Teak and unless the land produces crops sesame used to grow in the no land revenue would be forests of Mysore in large collected. It was the result of quantities. It still grows. this policy that every nook and It is a known fact that before the corner of Mysore was settled ‘Sultanat e Khudadad’, Mysore and cultivated. occupied no importance in Major Diaram, who served as India. It is because of ‘Sultanat an officer in the British army in e Khudadad’ that the name of the third Anglo-Mysore war, Mysore echoed around the re describes > Page 16

Tameer-e-Fikr Mahmood Khan Mahmood Bangalori Trans.: A staff writer

Nov-Dec 2013

Part: I

TIPU SULTAN’S TRADE POLICY Trade: It is a known fact that “the prosperity of citizens and the welfare of the state depend upon the pattern of the governance of the ruling authority.” From this point of view, the state of “Sultanat Khudadad” (State of Mysore) was unique and exceptional in India. In his travelogue, Bachanan writes: “Sultan Tipu was born with a commercial brain.” Major Aalan writes: “Tipu, in addition to being a king, was a great merchant.” After accession to throne, the first thing Tipu did was the development of craft, trade and commerce. In order to promote the trade, he authored a book titled “Ahkam” (commands). This book comprised of 8 chapters, which included all rules and principles of trade. Rais writes: “In his kingdom, Sultan issued such rulings, according to which he was the chief of merchants. A board of trade was established for the promotion and supervision of trade. Nine trade commissioners were appointed under this department. 17 trade centers were opened in the foreign countries under the supervision of this department and 30 factories were

established in the kingdom in order to promote crafts and workmanships. Traders required permission from the Board of Trade in order to import or export goods. For specific goods such as tobacco, sandal, black pepper and minerals traders were offered monopoly.” Col. Wilkis writes in his History of Mysore: “All this struggle of Sultan in the trade was a copy of East India Company and its rules and commands.” Rais writes: “The aim of Sultan was that the money of the kingdom should not go out of the kingdom. Sultan considered trade with European merchants particularly the English as dangerous. Import of all sorts of goods was prohibited strictly. A number of restrictions were also placed on the export of the goods. The black pepper of Mysore was enormously exported. Particularly, the European merchants used to come to buy it. Sultan stopped the export of the black pepper. But, since it was grown on the coastal areas too, it used to be traded stealthily. When Sultan came to know about it, he stopped its cultivation in the coastal areas too. And its cultivation was

restricted to specific inner regions. The objective of Sultan was to not to reveal the secrets of the Kingdom. But there were some goods for whose exports he granted the permission.” If we see the letters of Sultan and those instructions which he gave to The Lame Ghulam Ali in order to sign the treaty with Turkey along with the extracts of the writings of Bachanan which are given on some other place, it will show how high were the ambitions of Sultan. He wanted to see the prosperity and richness of India as well as that of the Islamic world. Hence, he desired to open business and commercial centers in Turkey, Iran, Egypt, Burma and China. He aimed through these centers that Muslims will once again be inclined towards trade, crafts and workmanship and that the money which is draining away to Europe could be reversed. The aim of this study is not to praise Tipu. But these are facts whose validity will be proved in the coming pages by the

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minded Western authorities in these sciences. Some of these testimonies are included in this resume. Historic Role of the Glorious Qur’an It is a fact that it is the Glorious Qur’an alone that inspired the Muslims to take up the scientific study of the universe. For fulfilling their obligations of the religion and Shariah, it urged the Muslims, in varied styles, to reflect upon the natural phenomena, fathom deep into the systems that are upholding the whole administration of this universe and evolve means and methods of seeking benefits from them. Some of such verses are as follows: Say: ‘Behold all that is in the heavens and on earth.’ (Qur’an, 10:10) Say: ‘Travel through the earth and see how God did originate creation; so will God produce a later creation. (Qur’an, 29:20) Do they not look at the Camels; how they are made? - And at the Sky, how it is raised high? And at the Mountains, how they are fixed firm? - And at the Earth, how it is spread? (Qur’an, 88:17-20) Do they not look at the sky above them? How We have made it, and adorned it, and there are no flaws in it? (Qur’an, 50:6) It is We Who have set out constellations in the heavens, and made them fair-seeming to (all) beholders. (Qur’an, 15:16) ....When they begin to bear

fruit, feast your eyes with the fruit and the ripeness thereof. (Qur’an, 6:99) Then let man look at his Food, (And how We provide it.) (Qur’an, 80:24) Now let man but think from what he is created! He is created from a drop emitted.... (Qur’an, 86:5-6) All these and many such verses clearly indicate that the Glorious Qur’an exhorts man to cast deep investigating looks at every object and every phenomenon of the nature and find out for himself the facts underlying them. Thus it has pointed out the very first principles of the “experimental science” namely “observation” and “study”. This renders the holy Book to be the instigator and pioneer of the experimental sciences. It must be noted that in all these verses the use of the word nazr involves all its various requisitions. It does not merely refer to casting looks cursory or otherwise. The lexicographers and exegetes of the holy Qur’an draw attention that it involves reflection, deep investigation and study and gaining insights. Imam Jowhari has said that nazr means ‘to reflect on something looking at it through eyes’.1 According to Imam Raghib Asfahani it means to reflect and ponder.2 Allama Zamakhshari has written in the commentary on verse 99 of chapter 6 that this divine manifestation of sustenance has to be viewed

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with insight, reason and knowledge.3 Imam Ghazzali puts forth his views in this regard as follows: Allah, the Almighty, created wisdom and perfected His Guidance through revelation. Then He advised the men endowed with this sagacity to look at His creations and reflect on their inherently endowed miracles and take lesson from them, as exhorted in the following verses: “Say: Reflect on all things present in the earth and the heavens” and “We made from water every living thing. Will they not then believe?” There are many more verses that deal with this subject.4 Allama Qazveni is more explicit on this score while interpreting the verse: “Do they not look at the sky above them? How We have made it and adorned it, and there are no flaws in it?” He says that here “look” does not mean merely casting eyes on it which is a quality of the beasts. If anyone finds only blue colour in the sky and dust and smoke on the earth, he is fit to be grouped with the beasts, or he may not be fit enough to be included even with them. He would then be a thoughtless being as described in the verse: “They have hearts wherewith they understand not, eyes wherewith they see not, and ears wherewith they hear not. They are like cattle - nay more misguided for they are heedless (of warning).” Here ‘look’ refers to reflection on probabilities, > Page 9

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Nov-Dec 2013

Allama Mohammed Shihabuddin Nadvi

Part: I

Rise and Fall of Muslims in Science The matchless and high tech progress of the modern times is all-comprehensive and covers all social activities. Every department of our individual and social life comes under its spell. The all-round development in various fields of industry and technology has squeezed the world into a global village and the various countries have attained the status of different localities of this village. Telephone, teleprinter, fax, radio, television and internet have knit the whole world in a single unit and these units can be viewed or heard or contacted individually by sitting in our drawing rooms. One would be elated thus to hold the whole world in his hand.

and allied subjects by the intelligentsia of European and American countries have made their domination over the other educationally and economically backward countries of the world. Among the latter group are included the nations of the East and the Muslim world. The younger generation of these nations and countries were the most hit by this onslaught of the Western developed nations. Pessimism and suspicions took over these young men. They revolted against the religion. The materialistic achievements of the West have so enamoured their minds that they are blindly a c c e p t i n g t h e We s t e r n philosophies of life and despising their own rich and valuable traditions and Effect of Fall of Muslims on f u n d a m e n t a l b e l i e f s . Human Society Obviously this has posed the The incomparable advances in gravest problem and is the science and technology have greatest challenge of the times. h e l p e d i n e s t a b l i s h i n g There is need for finding the innumerable industries of causes for the development of varied nature. Man has now such a situation and means to forces like those of electricity, reverse the situation. The steam, solar and atomic adverse effects of such energies in his hold. This has materialistic developments are enabled him to establish his particularly affecting the life in supremacy over land, water, Muslim countries. Hence there heavens and space. In a way he should be a concerted effort in may be said to have conquered these countries to find the t h e u n i v e r s e . D e v o t e d means to keep our younger application to studies in science generations away from the

sway of these philosophies. Role of Muslims in Development of Science The West now holds the colours of science and technology flying aloft. Their rise in these fields is not all of the sudden. It is the result of a prolonged historical process contributed by many nations of the world, particularly the Muslims. When the past is reviewed with an unprejudiced mind, it becomes quite vivid and clear that in the Middle Ages it were the Muslims who sowed the seeds of modern applied sciences through empirical and experimental processes spread over centuries. It is on these foundations that the modern science of the West stands today. Before the dawn of Islam, the realms of Greek, Roman, Chaldean, Babylonian and Indian sciences were confined to a collection of mere hypotheses, theories and views based on imagination and conjecture. In their place it was the followers of Islam who laid the foundation of applied sciences particularly in the fields of algebra, arithmetic, physics, geography, medicine, botany, zoology, astronomy, chemistry et al. This fact is recognised even by many open-

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served as a fundamental medical authority in both Islamic and western worlds for about 600 years and was included in the medical syllabus. No other book has gained such importance and acceptance for such a long period of time. It is still a part of medical syllabus in the Indian sub-continent. Establishing the causes of health and disease Ibn Sina observed that human health cannot be maintained until the cause of both health and disease are known. According to Ibn Sina, medicine is a branch of knowledge through which we can understand the different stages and phases of health and disease or in other words it is a knowledge through which health is safeguarded and in circumstances of loss of health, measures are taken to restore the same. Ibn Sina introduced many medical theories and researches in his book The Canon Of Medicine. Some of the important findings in the book are the recognition that tuberculosis is contagious, that diseases can spread through water and soil and that a personâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s emotional health influences his physical health. Ibn Sina was the first physician to describe meningitis. He described various parts of the eye and valves of heart. He also found that nerves were responsible for perceived muscle pain. He also contributed enormously to the advancements in anatomy,

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gynecology and pediatrics. the Ptolemaic model. Besides this book, he also Ibn Sina also invented an authored other important instrument to calculate the medicinal books which include coordinates of planets; through Book of Cardiac Medications, this instrument the altitude of Book of Colic, Book to Push stars could also be measured. Injuries from Human Bodies, Another contribution of Ibn Booklet in Healing the Body, Sina in astronomy was finding Book of Anatomy, Book of the difference in longitude Bloodletting, Book of Food between Baghdad and Gorgan and Drugs, Essay in Anatomy, which he found by observing Book of Experimenters in the meridian transit of the moon M e d i c i n e , M e d i c a l in Gorgan. Millennium etc. Ibn Sina correctly revealed that Astronomy Ibn Sina also the speed of light is finite. This p r e s e n t e d a s t r o n o m i c a l discovery of Ibn Sina has observations. He carried out played a vital role in the most of his astronomical development of physics and observations in Asfahan and astronomy. (to be continued) Hamadan observatories. He *** presented various astronomical findings and corrected many astronomical mistakes through these observations. He criticized Aristotle's view of the stars receiving their light from the Sun. According to Ibn Sina, stars are self-luminous. He also observed the transit of Venus across the Sun on May 24, 1032 through which he concluded that Venus is closer to earth than the sun. Abu Ubayd al-Juzjani, a pupil of Ibn Sina, claimed that his teacher Ibn Sana had solved the First page of the book of Canon equant problem in

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Glorious Past:

Nov-Dec 2013

By: Ibn Shihab Trans. By: Atya Tabassum

Ibn Sina (Avicenna)

Part I

The philosopher, astronomer, alchemist, geologist, psychologist, mathematician, physicist, poet, and Islamic theologian of Islamic Golden Age

Abu Ali al-Husayn ibn Abd Allah ibn Sina (1037 to 980 A.D), commonly known as Ibn Sina or Avicenna in the West, is the most eminent scientist, philosopher and physician of the Islamic world and one of the great scientists in human history. Avicenna was born in 370 AH/ c. 980 in a small village Qishlak Afshona, near Bukhara (in present-day Uzbekistan). His mother was from the same village whereas his father was from Balkh (now Afghanistan) his parents had migrated to Bukhara in his childhood where his father was appointed as a governor in one of Samanid Nuh ibn Mansur's estates. At the age of 10 he memorized the Qurâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;an in Bukhara. At the age of 14, he acquired scholarship in Islamic jurisprudence, literature, philosophy and medicine. It is believed that Ibn Sina had treated Sultan Nuh ibn Mansurâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s disease which had rendered all the physicians helpless. Pleased with this, the Sultan established a library for him. Abu Ali had a sharp memory. Within a short period of time, he explored the library and acquired knowledge on myriads of disciplines. At the age of 21 he authored his first

book. He resided in Bukhara till the age of 20 and then shifted to Khuwarzim and lived there for 10 years. Between 392 and 402 AH, he moved to Gorgan then to Rey and then to Hamadan. After residing there for 9 years he became associated with the court of of 'Ala Addaula. In this way, he spent his entire life in travelling. Ibn Sina had contracted severe colic in the later days of his life. When he perceived death, he performed ablution, gave his entire wealth in charity and freed his slaves. He died in Shaban 427 AH/ 1037 A.D in Hamadan.

history as well. George Sartan has regarded him as a great scientist of Islamic age and one of the few eminent scientists of human history. The branches of science and knowledge to which Ibn Sina contributed may be categorized in the following three main categories: Literary Sciences: This includes logic, dictionary and poetry. Excellence in Knowledge Ibn Sina authored almost 450 Theoretical Sciences: This treatises on a wide range of includes natural sciences, subjects, of which around 240 m a t h e m a t i c s a n d d i v i n e have survived. In particular, sciences. 150 of his surviving treatises Practical Sciences: This concentrate on philosophy and includes literature, ethics, 40 of them concentrate on organization of houses and medicine. His subjects of study cities etc. include philosophy, astronomy, Medicine Though Ibn Sina alchemy, geology, psychology, contributed to many branches of Islamic theology, logic, knowledge, nevertheless, he is mathematics, physics as well as most widely known for his poetry. No doubt Ibn Sina is not contribution to medicine. His only regarded as the most famous book al- Qanun fi alf a m o u s a n d i n f l u e n t i a l Tibb (The Canon Of Medicine) polymath of the Islamic is still regarded as one of the Golden Age but one of the most important medical books greatest scientists of human ever written in human history. It

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leaves them infertile. These diseases strike those who divert from the teachings of Allah and go their own perverted way. Recently, people started to hear about AIDS which destroys the immunity system and thus bodily organs fall, one after

Books Authored by

Allama Mohammed Shihabuddin Nadvi 1- Evolution or Creation? 2- The Holy Qur’an and Natural World 3- Qur’anic Code of Argumentation 4- Qur’an, Science and Muslims 5- Qur’anic Concept of Knowledge 6- Death of the Sun and Doomsday 7- Rise and Fall of Muslims in Science 8- Moon Sighting and Astronomical Calculations 9- The Holy Qur’an and Biology 10- Cloning Testifies Resurrection 11- Islam in Concept 12- The Battle of Islamic Shariah in India 13- Need to Institutionalise Zakath

another, after causing horrible pain to the person. This is exactly what the Prophet (peace be upon him) told us a long time ago. Is this not additional evidence that Muhammad (peace be upon him) is the true Messenger of Allah?( ICSSQS)

homosexuality can be found everywhere. Some Western churches have even accepted homosexuality and adultery and priests are now conducting gay marriages in some churches. Many societies have been established to cherish and defend gay rights. This is the beginning, what about the outcome? Many sexual plagues have appeared and many diseases have overwhelmed societies around the world. Since its appearance in 1494, the plague of syphilis has taken the lives of millions of people and destroyed the future of many others. The virus causing this disease is still changing itself and attacking people from time to time. Gonorrhea is on top of the list of infectious sexual diseases. Being the most widespread sexual disease, it terrifies millions of people and

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170/120/140/130/120/90/30/25/NA NA 35/NA 10/-

Page 6 source of both revelation and science is one and the same. “We will show them our signs in the universe and within their own bodies so that it will get clear to them that this is the Truth.” (Fussilat 41:53) The chain of day-to-day scientific discoveries being compatible with the revelation is the validation of this Qur’anic philosophy. The discovery of Higgs Boson, which, in true sense, is the magnum opus of God’s creation, is a link in this chain. (Co-tran.By: A.Tabassum) ***

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SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES ARE A BYPRODUCT OF LEWDNESS Never does sexual perversion become widespread and publicly known in certain people without them being overtaken by plague and disease that never happened to their ancestors who came before them The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: “Never does sexual perversion become widespread and publicly known in certain people without them being overtaken by plague and disease that never happened to their ancestors who came before them.”(Reported by Ibn Majah.) He (peace be upon him) also said: “Whenever adultery becomes a widespread phenomena among certain people, death will spread among them.”(Reported by Malik.) The Scientific Fact Modern science has shown us through the works of microbiologists during the last two centuries that there are certain bacteria, microbes, and viruses that are only transmitted through having sex in a perverted way like multiple relationships between men and women, sex between men and men (sodomy), and between women and women (lesbianism). The more such forms of perversion become rampant, the more plagues and diseases hit the society since

these microbes become resistant to treatment. Moreover, the human body will fail to combat them due to its weak immunity and the change of the properties of such organisms. Facets of Scientific Inimitability The hadith of the Prophet (peace) tells us about a social law that will inevitably happen when certain things occur. The beginning is the spread of prohibited sexual relations including adultery and homosexuality in the society. When such relations become normal and accepted, this will lead to a state of almost common consent concerning them. This is what is referred to in the words: Never does sexual perversion become widespread and publicly known in certain people... This law has taken effect in many Western societies where people have accepted adultery and homosexualit y and even propagated them. In his book Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Dr. Schofield edia

wrote that permissiveness has become the reaction of society in the face of all sexual practices. People are no longer ashamed of adultery, homosexuality, or any other sexual perversion. What adds insult to injury is that the mass media has inculcated in the minds of people that young men and women should not remain chaste. Chastity has become a shame in Western societies. Sexual permissiveness is propagated and supported everywhere in the media. According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, gays are now acting publicly and have their own clubs, bars, parks, beaches, swimming pools, and even restrooms. Hundreds of articles, books, plays, novels, and movies praising prostitution and

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researches came out supporting these facts. Facets of Scientific Inimitability: The Prophet (peace be upon him) told us that black seed is a cure for every disease. The Arabic word ‘shifaa’ (cure) came without the definite article which means that it is an indefinite word that covers most cures. This means that black seed contributes to the cure of every disease. It has been scientifically proved that the immunity system is the only system that has the ability to combat diseases and produce cells that kill viruses. Through research and laboratory work that has been done on the effect of black seed, it has been found that it activates human immunity and increases the production of natural killer cells, constraining cells, and assistant cells. These are all very in the

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Based on these facts, we can conclude that black seed is a cure for every disease because it strengthens the immunity system which is responsible for curing diseases and combating viruses. These scientific facts that are mentioned in the hadith of the Prophet (peace be upon him) are obvious. No one can claim the credit of knowing these facts fourteen centuries ago, except a prophet. Almighty Allah says: [Nor does he speak of (his own) desire. It is only an Inspiration that is inspired.] (An-Najm: 3-4) (ICSSQS) Page 2 which he visited Academy’s principle his kingdom was Academy from Madinah various departments and f o u n d t o b e f l o u r i s h e d University, Madina, Saudi gathered knowledge about its everywhere. The cultivable Arabia. This PhD is being activities and future projects. land was cultivated to its perused by Sheikh Sulaiman b. Recently, Sheikh Sulaiman maximum extent. His military Mohammed Al Muhaimeed informed on phone that his PhD discipline and the loyalty of his from Buraidah, Saudi Arabia. has been completed and he will soldiers in the battle ground The topic of this PhD is be awarded a PhD on the prove that he has established a “Services of Institutions subject. We congratulate government in the country Working on Scientific Marvels Sheikh Sulaiman for this which has given personal of Qur’an and Sunnah.” Some achievement and wish him best freedom to his citizens. It 5 institutions have been wishes for his future academic proves the fact that the king is not hurting his people. But he is selected from worldwide. activities. *** Furqania Academy is one of Page 24 His eyewitness s h a r i n g t h e i r p a i n s a n d grievances. If someone faces them. account: his ruthlessness he must be from Sheikh Sulaiman paid a visit to “The principle on which Tipu his enemy’s side.” (Major Bangalore in April 2012 and established the organization of Diars’ Narratives, P. 249) stayed here for three days in ted the kingdom, due to that as complicated and important lymph cells. According to Qadi, the production of such cells increased by 75%. Such findings were supported by the researches published in other periodicals and magazines. Black seed led to the development of assistant lymph cells, an increase in interferon and interleukin 1 and 2, and the immunity of the cell became stronger. All this led to an increase in the immunity system’s ability to combat and destroy cancer cells and viruses. It has also healed the tracks of schistosomiasis.

(To be continue.)

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BLACK SEED A CURE FOR EVERY DISEASE â&#x20AC;&#x153;Use this black seed regularly, because it has a 'shifaa' (cure) for every disease, except death.â&#x20AC;? Both Sahihs have reported the hadith narrated by Abu Salamah on the authority of Abu Hurayrah (May Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: Use this black seed regularly, because it has a 'shifaa' (cure) for every disease, except death. The Scientific Fact: For more than two thousand years, black cumin seed has been known and used as a natural treatment in many Middle and Far Eastern countries. In 1959, adDakhakhni and his colleagues managed to extract Nigellone from black seed. Black seeds contain 40% fixed oils and 1.4% volatile oils. They also contain around fifteen percent amino acids, proteins, calcium, iron, sodium, and potassium. Among its most effective compositions are t h y m o q u i n o n e , d i t h y m o q u i n o n e , thymohydroquinone, and thymol. The role of black seed in increasing human immunity was not clear before 1986, when Dr. Qadi and his colleagues started a series of researches in the United States. Afterwards, many researches were launched in various

countries. Dr. Qadi proved that the use of black seed strengthens immunity since the ratio of the T assistant lymph cells increased by an average of 72% compared to the restraining cells. Also, there was a considerable development in the activity of natural killer cells with an average of 74%. The results of many modern researches supported the findings of Qadi. Amongst them are the results published by the International Immunity magazine in August 1995 about the effect of black seed on the outer lymph cells and the activity of white blood multinucleus cells. In September 2000, the International Immunity magazine also

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published a research on the effect of black seed oil in preventing cytomegalovirus on laboratory rats. Black seed oil has been tested as an anti-virus substance and the immunity acquired during the early stages of the disease was measured through determining the natural killer cells and other things. In October 1999, the European magazine of Cancer published an article on the effect of thymoquinone on abdomen cancer in rats. Likewise, in May 1998, a magazine specialized in anti-cancer researches published an article on the extracts of black seed as a treatment for cancer tumors. On April 2000, the Ethanol Medical magazine wrote about the toxicity and immunity effects of ethanol extracted from black seeds. Also, in February 1995, Medical Plants magazine published an article on the effects of black seed stable oil and thymoquinone on white blood cells. Many other

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Medicine:

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make sure that his order would be carried out properly, he (peace be upon him) established a wall around the area of the plague and promised those who are patient and stay in the area of the plague with the reward of "If you hear of an outbreak of visitors are also prevented from the martyrs, and those who run plague in a land, do not enter it; entering, has now been away from it were promised but if the plague breaks out in a established worldwide. In the doom and perdition. Thus, he place while you are in it, do not 15th century, plague hit Europe (peace be upon him) said: "He leave that place." The Prophet causing the death of a quarter of who runs away from the place (peace be upon him) said: "If its citizens. At that time, of the plague is like the one you hear of an outbreak of p l a g u e s a n d c o n t a g i o u s running away from fighting in plague in a land, do not enter it; diseases were much less in the the cause of Allah and he who forbears it and stays where he is, but if the plague breaks out in a Muslim world. he will be rewarded with the place while you are in it, do not reward of a martyr." F a c e t s o f S c i e n t i f i c leave that place." (Reported by Inimitability If a healthy person was asked al-Bukhari and Muslim.) two hundred years ago to stay Also, he (peace be upon him) At the time of the Prophet with the sick people in a plague said: "He who runs away from (peace be upon him) as well as area, he would have considered the place of plague is like the before and after his time until this some kind of nonsense and one running away from fighting Pasteur managed to discover in response to his desire to live in the cause of Allah; and he the existence of microbes, he would have run away to who is patient and stays where people used to think that another place. Only Muslims he is, he will be rewarded with diseases were caused by devils, did not run away and leave at the reward of a martyr." demons, and stars. That is they t h e t i m e o f p l a g u e i n were not related to cleanliness compliance with the order of (Reported by Ahmad.) or certain behaviors; thus, they the Prophet (peace be upon The Scientific Fact resorted to sorcery and magic him). Non-Muslims mocked M o d e r n s c i e n c e n o w as a remedy. them for this act until it was understands the ways in which In such an environment, the later discovered that those who microorganisms multiply and Prophet (peace be upon him) appear to be healthy with no the diseases they cause. established the system of symptoms, are the germ carriers Scientists affirm that healthy quarantine which is considered who might transfer the plague people who have no symptoms the basis of modern preventive to another place if they moved in the place of plague are medicine after the discovery of to it. They would move freely already carrying the microbe the microbes that cause and mingle with healthy people, and so they represent a real diseases and plagues. The so they might cause them to threat because they may Prophet (peace be upon him) catch the disease. transfer the plague to another ordered his Companions: "If Who told the Prophet (peace be place if they move to it. you hear of an outbreak of upon him) this fact? Could a Thus, this system of quarantine, plague in a land, do not enter it; human being know something in which all the people of the but if the plague breaks out in a like this fourteen centuries ago, city that suffer from plague are place while you are in it, do not or is it revelation from the Allleave that place." In order to Knowing, prevented from leaving, and > Page 28

QUARANTINE

A PROPHETIC DISCOVERY

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verse points to the same fact: We shall show them Our Signs in the universe and in their own selves until it becomes manifest to them that this (Qur'an) is the truth. It is not sufficient in regard to your Lord that He is a witness over all things? (Fussilat: 53) The Significance of Nature's Study In conclusion it can be well said that there is great significance of the study of Nature and Universe. It is only through systematic argumentation that the laws of nature can assert the Unity of God, Prophethood and the Day of Resurrection. Then only can the heretics be made to realise their folly and rectify themselves fully convinced. The divine arguments about this aspect are: ... this is only a Reminder and a plain Qur'an, that it may give warning to him who is living (wise) and that the Word may be justified against the disbelievers. (Yasin: 69-70) Blessed be he Who sent down the Criterion (of right and wrong i.e., this Qur'an) to His slave Muhammed that it may be an admonition to all creatures. (Furqan: 1) ... Say (O Muhammed!) `This Qur'an has been revealed to me by inspiration, that I may warn therewith you and whom-soever it may reach.' (Anam: 19) On this basis alone it has been claimed that the holy Qur'an has, in principle, a clear description about everything

that distinguishes Truth from Falsehood and which serves as an indication of all such scientific achievements that man can encounter in future.

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reader has been drawn convincingly towards this aspect. (Jawahirul Qur'an, P. 86) This particular branch constitutes one of the five main topics of the holy Book. It And we have sent down to you must also be noted that the the Book (Qur'an) as an words Ayah and Ayaath have exposition of everything and a been used 382 times in the holy Guidance and a Mercy and Book. A majority of these Glad Tidings for those who verses are those that reminds have surrendered (to Allah as human beings to study and Muslims). (Nahl: 89) reflect on this universe and the It is hence ordained that those systems prevailing in it. Man who avoid the study of Nature has been advised to utilise or run away from the binding knowledge, science, wisdom, laws of Nature that control, mediation, discriminating propagate and allow the capacities, observation and material world to grow, should inquisitiveness while making be condemned. They will not this study. be granted any excuse for their Thus the compilation of the carelessness and negligence. argumentative system of the And how many Signs (of His holy Qur'an becomes Cherishing Capacities) in the imperative. This is the need of heavens and the earth do they the hour. This will certainly pass by? Yet they turn (their help to bring out the modern faces) away from them! man from the snares of (Yusuf: 105) modernism and waywardness. Do they not look in the The Marvel of Islam and the dominion of the heavens and Duties of Ulema the earth and all things that As can be seen Islam is a Allah has created and that it perfect code of life. It has such may be that the end of their a complete and comprehensive lives is near. In what Message constitution for the whole life after this will they then that the functioning becomes believe? (Araf: 185) harmonious on both religious Need for Compiling the and scientific planes. In fact, it Argumentative System of the proves that the source of both Qur'an The significance of the of these studies is one and the study of Nature and Universe same, and they corroborate in detail can be ascertained each other and so the society from the fact that according to can progress in real sense Imam Ghazali, the famous provided both are allowed to master and scholar of Islamic function hand in hand. It was Jurisprudence, there are 763 the Church that had bifurcated verses in the holy Book them. Humanity has suffered wherein the attention of the enormously > Page 28

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down in the Book. The holy Qur'an says: Say: `It (Qur'an) has been sent down by Him Who knows the mystery (that is) in the heavens and the earth!' (Furqan: 6) Should they not prostrate before Allah (worship), who brings to light what is hidden in the heavens and the earth? (Naml: 25) Confirmation of Qur'anic Claims The relationship between the holy Qur'an and Science rests on the fact that are revealed through modern research and experimentation. It is established that such confirmation is found aplenty in the natural phenomena. Based on this alone, the holy Book exhorts repeatedly to study, reflect and exploit nature, matter and the theories that control all physical, chemical and biologi cal processes. Through such study the unity, creativity, divini ty and the cherishing capacities of Almighty Allah have been established. For example,Among His Signs (proofs of the natural phenomena) is this, He created you form dust, and then behold, ye are men scattered (far and wide)! (Rum: 20) And among His Signs (cherishing symbols) is the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the variations in your languages and in your colours: verily in that are Signs for those who know. (Rum: 22) And among His Signs (power

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and strength) is the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the living creatures that He has scattered through them..(Shura: 29) Howsoever one reflects on this material universe and its wonderful working system, everywhere would hone discover the presence of an all powerful mind. Whether he studies the heavenly bodies or dissect an atom or observe human bodies and their colour differences or review the biological systems or

The above discussion has made it crystal clear that there is neither any conflict nor controversy between the holy Book and the modern Sciences. All scientific researches, discoveries and inventions that are purely technical and logical, all confirm the Qur'anic versions. The conflict, if any, is only between religion and heresy. There is no contradiction whatsoever between Qur'anic deliberations and natural laws, facts and systems. It is the statements

examine the minerals or explore the apace, he will simply be enthralled by the craftsmanship and artistic control of the Almighty God over them. In every physical, chemical, biological, geological and celestial system, he will find an unparallel orderly arrangement, superb industry, technical perfection and artistry. Any system governing the functioning of these systems is flawless absolute ly. It points to an expert engineer, administrator and technician.

interpretation of these facts and working systems from purely materialistic viewpoint that is objectionable since it curbs the realities. The scientific discoveries only strengthen the Qur'anic claims. They confirm, expound and expand the arguments, statements and urgings of the holy Book. In fact they point out the systematic planning of the Master Craftsman Who inspires and induces man to take up the study himself so that the study itself can assert the claims of the Creator. This

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constitute the essence of Islamic faith. They may as well be described to constitute the fundamentals of the teachings of all prophets. These three units are the pillars on which the edifice of worshiping the One God rests. Unless these are justified the process of worshiping does not start at all. For this purpose the Qur'an takes up the course of rational, logical and scientific reasoning. Because the holy Qur'an is an eternal Book of Guidance, the scientific and intellectual arguments presented therein hold good for the evolutionary needs of every epoch. This will help in convincing every doubting mind about the Unity of God, the Prophethood and the Resurrection Day. The holy Qur'an is thus equipped fully to meet all future challenges with regard to developing sciences or creative problems. Then can only the Book be Guidance to the entire humanity and for all times. It thus has a full description of even such natural sciences and problems that have gained unparallel importance in the modern times. There is no room for any confrontation or contradiction between the laws of nature and divine laws as laid down in the holy Qur'an. In fact there is complete co-ordination and consistency between them. The holy Qur'an argues about all natural phenomena and convinces the human mind. This undoubtedly is a

characteristic proof of it being a complete code of life for the entire humanity and all times. Such logical and scientific diction is lacking in many of the religious scriptures other than the holy Qur'an. Co-ordination between Natural and Divine Laws Almighty Allah has divined two types of laws in the Universe. One -- the religious and divine laws and the other, the natural and physical laws. The holy Qur'an is actually the book of religious and divine laws but it discusses the universe and the laws associated with its existence and governance too. However the planning is such that it is left to the man himself to work on the natural and physical laws which eventually substantiates the divine laws. One must not forget that much on the similar lines as the divine laws for guiding the human life. He has drawn a natural system for controlling the Universe and for which the principle and rules have already been set. This fact has

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been revealed in the holy Book at several places. For example, It is He Who created all things, and ordered them in due proportions. (Furqan: 2) Verily, all things have We created in proportion and measure. (Qamar: 49) He rules (all) affairs from the heavens to the earth. (Sajda: 5) As and when the man utilises his instinctive research capabilities to explore the universe, he comes across such surprising facts that speak themselves for the high workmanship of the Creator thus proving convincingly the validity of the Divine Laws. And so a complete coordination and harmony is established between the physical and divine laws. One should note here that science only unravels the secrets of the nature or the divine secrets. It does not create anything on its own. The creator of this universe is one who has made it according to a definite plan. Whenever the natural laws are expounded they confirm the main and fundamental principles laid

Tameer-e-Fikr Allama Mohammed Shihabuddin Nadvi

The Holy Qurâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;an and Natural World The holy Qur'an is not a book of history, philosophy or science. Nevertheless the Book does comprise history, philosophy and science too. Of course the narration and description are not purely historical, philosophical or scientific. Its basic view-point culminates towards admonition and discernment. It aims to draw him towards worshiping God and keep him away from revolting or heresy. This is one of the features of Qur'anic guidance, and it leads the reader towards reasoning and reflection. It can thus be authentically concluded that while this Divine Book is a Code of Life as far as the doctrines of faith are concerned, it is equally a guide in case of scientific and reflective thinking. It safeguards man from wandering wildly in the realms of philosophy and sciences. It is thus a complete guide from every angle. This is a weighty, reasonable and convincing proof for its being from the Creator Himself. The Divine Signs Since the holy Qur'an is a book of guidance for mankind for all the times, its convincing arguments for worshiping Him appeal and affect the minds belonging to any period. Its discursive and logical

arguments appeal the common man while the modern inquisitive minds are convinced by its scientific and scholarly approach. Both these types of arguments are referred as AYAATH or SIGNS in the holy Book. These are the Natural Signs that lead man into seeking insight deep into the matter and material objects, so that he can unravel the secrets of Nature through continuous and untiring research and experimentation. From this point of view the natural phenomena and their complete systems serve as milestones in the realm of knowledge. It is for this purpose alone that at innumerable places, the Qur'an wants man to reflect on and about the Earth, the Heavens, the Moon, the stars, the rivers, the mountains, plants, minerals, animals and everything that reiterates the creativity of the creator and arrive at the fundamentals through logical and scientific viewpoints. In fact at many places man has been urged forcefully not to deviate or run away from such scientific results that do declare loudly the existence of a Being Who is all-powerful, creative and administrative. The following references from the holy

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Qur'an are quite convincing: On the earth are Signs (proofs for the natural phenomena) for those of assured Faith, as also in your own selves: will you not then see? (Zariat: 20-21) Verily, in the alternation of the Night and the Day, and in all that Allah has created, in the heavens and the earth, are Signs for those who fear Him. (Yunus: 6) And in the creation of yourselves and the fact that animals are scattered (through the earth) are Signs (physical and biological proofs) for those of assured Faith. (Jathiya: 4) Here the word Ayaath has been used. It is the plural of Ayah. It refers to all such natural signs and symbols that are so distributed that whenever the material objects and their controlling systems become the subject matter of research and study, they spring up as logical manifestations of the creativity and providential powers of sustenance of the One and Only God. Thus the Universe is an Open Book wherein the Most Exalted Creator has imprinted his Signs. Three Basic Units of Divine Faith Speaking rationally and from the Shariah point of view, guidance. refers to the details involved in the righteous living on the divine principles. These details are based on three fundamental units. They are Unity of God, Prophethood and The Day of Resurrection. These units

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knowledge about internal waves. This honorable verse referred to the darkness inside deep seas by using the expression (fathomless sea) and mentioned that the darkness in these seas consists of layers. The interpreter of the EverGlorious Qur'an stated that the layers of darkness mentioned in this verse are the darkness of clouds, the waves, and the sea; one can see nothing in these layers. Dense clouds that cover the seas reflect some of the sun's light and the surface of the sea

words or things Page 22: consistent with reason, contemplation, perception, feelings and thoughts and discussion on their mysteries so that the facts about His creations get revealed.5 Qur’anic Exhortation for Reflection and Proofs of Divine Sustenance When the Glorious Qur’an has time and again exhorted to investigate the phenomena governing this entire universe and to discover the principles, facts and causes underlying them, a question arises as to what might be the reason and aim for such stress. The first of these purposes is that human research should alone be the vehicle of revealing the Divine Signs (i.e., divine arguments) inherent in the manifestations of Nature. This will provide an irrefutable and irrevocable basis for accepting the

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reflects some others and then the water absorbs almost all the seven colors of the light spectrum, one after another. Afterwards, internal waves turn the bottom into complete darkness, where there is no light at all; to the extent that one cannot see one's own hand. In addition, the statement in the verse "…like the darkness of a fathomless sea which is covered by waves above which are waves above which are clouds…" draws our attention to another miracle of how the Ever-Glorious Qur’an accurately describes the sea. Fish in these depths have no

eyes; they have luminous organs in their bodies to enable them to see in the darkness, as He (Exalted and Glorified be He) says, "Those God gives no light to, they have no light." The honorable verse also indicates the internal waves in the area between two layers of water of different density. This scientific fact that was declared in the verse fourteen centuries ago has recently been discovered by scientists. Then who told Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) this but the All-Aware, the Most High? (ICSSQS) ***

existence of One God. This will also be the most effective way of doing so. Divine arguments involve such characteristics as H i s U n i t y , C r e a t i v i t y, Sustenance and Divinity which come out as natural results of reflection, research and experimentation on the materials of the universe. These arguments and proofs will in themselves be a deterrent for polytheism, naturalism, heresy and all prevalent material philosophies. The divine guidance in this regard runs as follows: Behold! In the creation of the heavens and the earth; in the alteration of the Night and the Day; in the sailing of the ships through the ocean for the profit of mankind; in the rain which God sends down from the skies, and the life which He gives there with to an earth that is dead; in the beasts of all kinds that He scatters through the

earth; in the change of the winds, and the clouds which they trail like their slaves between the sky and the earth;(here) indeed are Signs for a people that are wise. (Qur’an, 2:164) This is a very significant and comprehensive verse of the Glorious Qur’an wherein eight arguments are put forth to prove the existence of God and His Unity.6 The details are found at other places too. The purpose of such verses is to indicate the divinity and sustenance of the Creator of the Universe. This fact has been mentioned in the preceding verse to the above verse. It reads as follows: And your God is One God: There is no God but He, Most Gracious, Most Merciful. (Qur’an, 2: 163) (To be continued) ***

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Properties of Deep Sea And Qurâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;an The Holy Qurâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;an says: "Or (the unbelievers' state) is like the darkness of a fathomless sea which is covered by waves above which are waves above which are clouds, layers of darkness, one upon the other. If he puts out his hand, he can scarcely see it. Those God gives no light to, they have no light." Allah, the Almighty, said: [Or (the unbelievers' state) is like the darkness of a fathomless sea which is covered by waves above which are waves above which are clouds, layers of darkness, one upon the other. If he puts out his hand, he can scarcely see it. Those God gives no light to, they have no light.] (An-Nur:40) The Scientific Fact: The Encyclopedia Britannica states that oceans and deep seas are mostly covered by thick cumulus clouds, which hinder a large amount of sun light, as shown in satellite pictures. These clouds reflect most sunrays and prevent some of its light; water reflects some of the light that comes to earth and absorbs the rest that gradually decreases with depth. Thus, levels of darkness in the water in a depth of 200 meters are created and darkness reaches its peak below a depth of 1000

meters; no light can be seen at all. The Secchi disk was the first piece of equipment for measuring light in deep oceans. Scientists discovered kinds of fish in (600-2700 meters) deep water that use luminous organs to enable them to see in the dark so as to catch their prey. Modern marine sciences, at the end of the 19th century, discovered, after using developed pictorial equipment, internal rough waves in deep seas. These waves are located in the surface separating every two layers of water and are different in density, pressure, heat, and ebb and flow. Scientists have recently discovered that there are internal waves that occur on density interfaces between

Nov-Dec 2013

layers of different densities. These internal waves cover the deep waters of seas and oceans because deep water has a higher density than the water above it. Internal waves act like surface waves. They can break, just like surface waves. Internal waves cannot be seen with the naked eye. The exhausted energy used in the process of generating these waves equals the energy of sailing a ship; therefore, many ships in this area suddenly lose control because of stagnant water that was first discovered by the Swedish professor V. W. Ekman in the beginning of the 20th century. Facets of Scientific Inimitability: Previously, mankind believed in superstition concerning deep seas and oceans and there was not enough scientific information about the reality of the depth of water and water currents. Although they knew that wind currents affect surface waves, they had no

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THE FOREHEAD In the Light of Qur’an & Hadith The Holy Qur’an says: Nay! If he (Abu Jahl) ceases not, We will catch him by the forehead. A lying, sinful forehead!] Allah, the Almighty, says: [Nay! If he (Abu Jahl) ceases not, We will catch him by the forehead. A lying, sinful forehead!] (Al`Alaq: 16) The Scientific Fact The human brain consists of four main lobes; the frontal lobe, the occipital lobe, the temporal lobe, and the parietal lobe. Each lobe has its own special function. Yet, they all work together and complement each other. The frontal lobe in the human brain is distinctive from that of animals since it includes centers that are responsible for speaking and behavior. It also includes certain neural centers with distinctive functions and places including the pre-frontal cortex which lies exactly behind the forehead and forms the major part of the frontal lobe. This pre-frontal cortex is the main unit for building the character of the person. It plays a role in initiative and judgment. It also contains the motor speech area of Broca which coordinates the process of producing voices between the organs of speech including the larynx, the tongue, and the face. Also, it

contains the movement zones which include the frontal eye field. The frontal eye field sustains the organized movement of the eye to the opposite direction. The primary and secondary motor areas that control the willed movements of the muscles. All this show that the frontal area of the frontal lobe, which lies in the forehead, is for directing behavior and shaping up human personality. Any damage to this area would lead to the deterioration in moral criteria and the efficiency of memory and the ability to work out logical problems. Facets of Scientific Inimitability The mystery of this verse

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mentioned above was only solved recently. No wonder, the Ever-Glorious Qur'an mentioned the area of the forehead as being the lying and the sinful one. Furthermore, the Ever-Glorious Qur'an said that this body part will be hit and held; it is an allusion to the area which monitors the human behavior. So it is the body part to be held accountable for man’s deeds. It is a Divine wisdom that Allah commanded this part to be placed on the ground in prostration so that it will learn how to be honest and upright. Almighty Allah says: “Verily, prayer prevents from al-Fahsha' (i.e. great sins of every kind, unlawful sexual intercourse, etc.) and al-Munkar (i.e. Disbelief, polytheism, and every kind of evil wicked deed, etc.) and the remembering (praising, etc.) of (you by) Allah is greater indeed. And Allah knows what you do.” (Al`Ankabut: 45) (ICSSQS)***

Figure: Structure of human skull and cerebrum (brain)

Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe

Parietal lobe

Occipital lobe

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Nov-Dec 2013

God’s decision to keep some of the universal realities permanently beyond the grasp of man which are presently out of his reach. Science, despite its growth over thousands of years and its enormous developments in various fields, has not been able to improve human understanding in this regard. Hence, in addition to their scientific importance, the scientific marvel of the above hadiths is also evident. Courtsey: NASA

Can God be discovered? Another question which is equally important here is will man ever be able to physically discover God? Regardless of scientific and logical explanations to this vital question, the Islamic point of view in this regard is that God has kept this gargantuan task beyond the reach of the man. God has neither bestowed man with the natural and investigative abilities necessary to accomplish this huge task nor is man obliged to do so. Hence, many hadiths have been narrated from the Prophet (pbuh) in which the Prophet (pbuh) forbade people to enquire about the form of God. Instead, he urged the people to ponder and contemplate upon the signs of God in order to perceive His Workmanship, Craftsmanship, Mastery, Greatness and Magnificence. Umr b. Murrah narrates from the Prophet Mohammed (pbuh) that he said: “Ponder on the creations, not

on the creator.” (Durrul Mansoor, Siyuti, V. 2, P. 408) Ibn Umar narrates that Prophet (pbuh) said: “Reflect on the benefactions of Allah, and not on Allah.” (Durrul Mansoor, Siyuti, V. 2, P. 409) Nu’aam b. Hammaad has naratted through IbnAbbas that Prothet (pbuh) said: “Contemplate on creations of Allah, and not on Allah.” (Durrul Mansoor, Siyuti, V. 2, P. 409) It is clear from the above hadiths that both investigating the form of God and contemplating about Him is a useless and worthless job. The intelligence and the ability given to man are insufficient for him to accomplish this task. The Qur’an clearly states in this regard: “You have been bestowed very little knowledge.” (Israa 17:85) Hence, it has been prohibited in the hadiths to indulge in this useless job and to waste time on it. Scientifically speaking, it is

Method of God’s Perception To conclude, the scientific discoveries have amply proved that both denial of the existence of God as well as claiming His physical discovery are considered unrealistic and unscientific. This is the essence of Islamic teachings too. The Holy Qur’an has specified a number of ways for man to perceive God and His existence. One way is to perceive His Greatness, Magnificence, Workmanship and Mastery through the observation and contemplation of this gigantic universe and the innumerable creations spread across it. This has been stated in the Qur’an in various ways and diversified words like ‘contemplate’, ‘ponder’, ‘reflect’ etc. The other way to perceive God, which the Holy Qur’an mentions, is to compare the revelation (Qur’an) and scientific facts, and examine the compatibility between them. This way, we can recognize the fact that the > Page 18

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planets, moons, galaxies and other celestial bodies existing in the vast and colossal universe constitute just 0.4% of the total mass of the universe. Another 3.6% of the total mass consists of intergalactic gas, while the remaining 96% is considered to be an unknown substance called dark matter and dark energy. This matter cannot be observed through telescopes, as this matter neither emits the light or electromagnetic radiation nor absorbs it. Hence it remains beyond the reach of science. Science is altogether unaware of its nature. Our ignorance about the matters of the universe does not end here. There exists another type of matter which science is not fully aware of. This matter is called anti-matter. The particles of anti-matter hold the same mass as that of the known matter. However, as against the particles of known matter, the particles of anti-matter possess

an exactly opposite charge. As a result, matter and the antimatter cannot coexist. When they come into contact, they annihilate each other within no time. Therefore scientists suggest that our universe not only contains remote galaxies completely made up of antimatter but there might also exist a complete anti-universe consisting of anti-galaxies, anti-stars and anti-planets (Encyclopedia Britannica, v. 11, p. 703, 1983 ed.) From this point of view, we don’t know how many more types of matter could exist in the universe. We cannot comprehend the number of alternate realities, universes or dimensions that could exist beyond what we already know. Though we cannot perceive them physically, we can predict their existence through mathematical models and laws of physics. From this point of view, compared to the known

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universe, the extent of our ignorance regarding the unknown has no bounds. In this scenario of the known and the unknown, terming the newly discovered particle as ‘God Particle’, can only be regarded as self-aggrandizement by man. Claim of Stephen Hawking There prevails another common belief among scientists with regard to God, which is called atheism. Some leading scientists are atheists. Interestingly, Peter Higgs, the lead scientist involved in the discovery of Higgs Boson, the “God Particle”, is also an atheist. In recent days, Stephen Hawking (b. 1942), who is well known for his researches on the origin and evolution of universe, has stated that he has accrued impeccable evidence towards the non-existence of God. In view of the proportion of our knowledge of known and unknowns of our universe and beyond, this claim of Stephen Hawking seems to be ridiculous and an absurd one. It is surprising how one can resolutely declare the nonexistence of such an important and vital entity, when our ignorance about the overall existence of universe and beyond has no limits? Hence, the above statement of Hawking is definitely a nonscientific statement from one of the chief scientists of our era; a statement which goes against the concepts and conventions of scientific research & investigation.

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Courtsey: NASA

of Washington Post titled: “God particle discovery is a win for science over superstition”, in which he baselessly attempted to make fun of religion in the guise of this discovery and accused both the founders and followers of religion of ignorance and social anarchy. It is evident from all the above points of view that these are mere attempts to give this important discovery a wrong direction, which is not acceptable in any manner. The nomenclature of ‘God Particle’ was popularized by media, which is opposed by the scientific community, particularly the group of scientists which is involved in the discovery of Higgs Boson. Prof. Peter Higgs (b. 1929) who is the head of this discovery and to whom the particle’s name is attributed to is also against this nomenclature. He even expressed the fear that this could lead to the spread of

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God presented by Islam is not only lucid, transparent and clear, but it is also compatible with modern scientific findings and comprehension. The Holy Qur’an mentions two sets of declarations with regard to the nature and essence of the Creator of this universe. According to the first set of statements God has parts like face (Qasas 28:88, Baqarah 2:115), hands (Qasas 28:75, Ma’ida 5:64, Fatah 48:10, Zumar 39:67), eyes (Toor 52:48), hearing & sight (Shu’ra 42:111, Aal Imran 3:77), and soul (Mai’da 5:116) etc. While in the second set of statements, it has been made clear that nothing like God exists in the universe. “There exists nothing like Him (God).” (Shu’ra 42:11) In the above two sets of descriptions of the Creator by the Qur’an, the first set describes the various characteristics of God, while the second type describes the modality and quality of these characteristics as unparalleled and unequalled. The question that arises now is would such a concept of God be held true in the light of modern science? Or in other words, is there any matter in this universe whose reality and existence is yet to be discovered?

misunderstandings among the masses. However, regardless of whether these efforts were made by scientific groups or by media and public, the nomenclature of ‘God Particle’ to this sub-atomic particle is similar to equating it with God, which is considered nothing but materialism in a new mold. If it is so then it will mean that each and every object and being of this universe is sacred and worship-able. This would also be held inaccurate scientifically, because science has proved that all the matter of this universe, irrespective of its importance, is prone to destruction. Hence, how can a particle which is prone to destruction be immortal? This accumulation of contraries is paradoxical, both scientifically To our surprise, what science has discovered about the and rationally. universe till date constitutes less The Essence of God from than a meager 1 percent of the Islamic Point of View total matter of the universe. The Contrary to this, the concept of trillions and trillions of stars,

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Aneesur Rahman Nadvi

God Particle or Magnum Opus of God’s Creation? On 4th July 2012, the European Organization for Nuclear Research CERN announced an important scientific discovery in Geneva (Switzerland). It is seen as a remarkable discovery in the history of science. According to the physicists, they have successfully discovered a sub atomic particle, which is considered significant and crucial in understanding the creation of universe and unraveling numerous secrets concealed within it.

from the fact that it took more than half a century of time span along with the painstaking efforts of 6000 scientists at an expense of 10 billion dollars to accomplish this gigantic task. Importance of Higgs Boson Though the details of this discovery have not completely unfolded yet, scientists maintain that they are well aware they have discovered an important scientific reality of this universe and they still lack complete understanding of this important discovery. This discovery, according to According to them, Higgs the scientists, will serve as a Boson is a sub-atomic particle key factor in disclosing the which gives mass, size, secrets of the universe. The dimension and appearance to importance of this discovery all the atoms present in the can also be comprehended universe. It is present with

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other sub-atomic particles – electrons, protons and neutron and provides them mass and the energy which are necessary for the proper functioning of the universe. Without this particle, we cannot imagine the existence of the universe. Scientists believe that this discovery will serve as a major breakthrough in discovering the origins of the universe; unravel various secrets; help in understanding the origins of man and most importantly, it will help in our understanding of the universe. Panic in the Religious Circles As the scientific world is passing through a revolutionary period owing to the discovery of Higgs Boson, it has also triggered panic and confusion in the religious circles. A lot of articles are coming up in newspapers and magazines on the issue, both for and against religion. Due to the scientific importance of Higgs Boson, some groups have equated it to God, as if God has been discovered, and it has been named as the ‘God Particle’. Some have opined that this important discovery could pave the way for the establishment of a new religion while some Hindu religious circles are putting it across as evidence to the age-old Hindu religious dogma according to which God is present in each and every substance of this universe. A columnist of Washington Post, Rick Wingrove, penned an article in 11 July 2012 edition

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Editorial Knowledge is one unit in Islam. There is no segregation of knowledge in Islam, i.e., Islam doesn’t differentiate between religious and worldly sciences. In fact, Islam not only encourages scientific study of universal phenomena but also stresses the need to draw lessons from it in order to gain acquaintance of the Almighty. It is because of this fact that the schools and seminaries which were established in the early period of Islam and in the golden age of Muslims, both these sciences were thought and educated equally. And the scholars of Islam used to be experts in both the sciences equally. After the decline of Muslims, when the science and technology was introduced into the West, religion and science was segregated. The West was compelled to do so because the W e s t d i d n ’t h a v e a comprehensive concept of unity of knowledge from Biblical point of view which Islam offered. Hence, the West was compelled to interpret the natural phenomena from materialistic point of view. This impacted the educated class of Muslims too. Today, the development of science and technology has opened new doors of reasoning and argumentation. The modern science has made it possible to prove the validity

and authenticity of diversified aspects of Qur’an and hadith and prove to be a death blow to materialism and materialistic philosophies.

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published in 1970s by late Allama Mohammed Shihabuddin. Soon it gained wide recognition in the academic circles. After a period of absence, once again it is passing through its renaissance period. ----

The tragedy of modern educational system is that this aspect of modern science has completely been neglected. This system of education stresses only on the material aspect of modern science and deals with the materialistic exploitation, neglecting completely its theoretical and spiritual aspect, whereas the nature seems to call upon us to pay attention towards both these aspects equally.

Furqania Academy is a pioneering institute and research centre whose researches have been instrumental in bridging the gap between religion and science. It has been active in this field for more than 4 decades and has published important books on various topics pertaining to Islam and modern science. These publications not only highlight the strong relationship between Islam and modern On the other hand, the science but also present Islam m a d r a s a s a n d I s l a m i c as an eternal and universal seminaries, where traditional religion and as the voice of the Islamic subjects are taught, creator of this universe. The they still lack education of publications of the Academy modern sciences through have the capabilities to reassure proper channel. As a result, the faith in educated class of b o t h t h e s e s t r e a m s o f Muslims and to restore their knowledge are still flowing confidence in Islam rationally and scientifically. These separately. The basic aim of Tameer e Fikr publications of the Academy is to bridge this gap and ward have got wide acceptance and off the shortcomings of both acclamation nationally and systems of education. Tameer e internationally and have been Fikr will try to bring highly incorporated in curriculums of researched articles. We will various universities and Islamic also try to translate best seminaries in Sub-Continent, research articles written in Europe, America and the other languages on the subject Muslim world. ---to our readers. Tameer e Fikr in Urdu means It is a matter of pleasure that a ‘Reconstruction of Thought’. PhD has been approved on the services of Furqania > Page 16 This magazine was first

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Contents Editorial

God Particle of Magnum Opus of God’s Creation

Scientific & Religious Organ of Furqania Academy Scientific Researches & Islam: In the memory of Late Allama Md. Shihabuddin Nadvi

Vol. 1, Issue 1, Nov-Dec 2013 Editor-in-Chief: Aneesur Rahman Nadvi Sub-Editors: Atya Tabassum, Shahid M. Zubair Editorial Board Dr. Mubeen Saleem Nadvi, Aligarh Abu Fariah Sahimuddin, New Delhi Circulation Manager: Mufti Attaulla Qasmi Asst. Manager: Shoaib Ahmed Type Setting: OLS, Bangalore

Forehead: Between Qur’an & Science Subscriptions In India: Per Copy: Rs. 35/- Annual: Rs. 200/Annual: Rs. 300/By Regd. Post: Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Abroad: Per Copy: US$ 4/- Annual: US$ 20/Cheques & Drafts should be drawn in Favor of: Furqania Academy Waqf Please add Rs. 50/- on outstation cheques. Occipital lobe Temporal lobe

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