Design Report

Gestures of Exchange Measure the Corporeal and the Incoporeal Design Thesis Report

Angel Hsiao

Gestures of Exchnage Measure the Corporeal and the Incorporeal

Angel Hsiao

Gestures of Exchange: Measure the Corporeal and Incorporeal

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“Our hands are almost always in motion, but never in a disorganised one. There is the relation of the fingers to the palm of the hands and of the other hand, there is a relation of the hand to both the arms and to other body organs; there is, above all, that curiously symmetrical relation of the hands to each other.“ ---- Vilem Flusser

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Gestures of Exchange: Measure the Corporeal and Incorporeal

I II III IV V *

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Synopsis Gesture of Understanding Gesture of Production Gesture of Tool Making Gesture of Realisation Gesture of Exhibition Epilogue Selected Bibliography Appendix: Architectural Management, Practice and Law

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A5 project booklets Gestures of Exchange: Measure the Corporeal and Incorporeal

Caption Academic Portfolio

Text title

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A5 project booklets A. Hsiao

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Sketch booklets

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Agency: Exchange

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A. Hsiao N. Puliyel

N. Puliyel

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Synopsis Olbia has gone through several phases of reconfiguration and erasure dated back to pre-historic period. Since then Olbia, and the people of Olbia, has not been able to find their true identity other than a city of bypassing, despite having several local noteworthy industries. It has long been playing the role of a mediator – tourists arrive in Olbia for other parts of Sardinia; goods travel from the rest of Sardinia to Olbia for export. It is felt that Olbia has been overlooked by the constant movement of things and the interference of mechanical device, i.e. cranes, that copes with the growing demand of tourist accommodation and infrastructure.

Much emphasis has been placed on touristic activity in the city centre, leaving some parts of the city appear to be disconnected. For example, the industrial zone has been displaced out of the city. The decision suggests a lack of attention on local products and industries. The exchange between the city and its core industries is therefore lost.

The thesis seeks to recalibrate the relationship between Olbia and one of its core industries – granite industry – and to investigate the financial affiliations of granite material in

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terms of solidity and social status. The proposal includes a centrally located Granite Terminus, Stock Exchange in South Bay and Harbour Authority at the Industrial Harbour.

Together the three buildings bring up the discourse on both corporeal and incorporeal exchange at three different scales: city scale, Sardinian scale and onto the global economic scale. The thesis is also in collaboration on thetic level with N. Puliyel, whose projects (Fish Market, Bread Market and Linen Market) provide a much smaller scale of exchange network.

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I GESTURE OF UNDERSTANDING the landscape of Olbia through { Understanding } the exchange of core industries

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Sardinia, Italy

Sardinia sits almost in the centre of Mediterranean Sea below Corsica and adjacent to mainland Italy.

This geographical location means that Sardinia is easily connected to surrounding islands by means of ferries, providing passengers and goods a popular way in to Sardinia. The island is also known for its breathtaking scenery, it offers not only well-know holiday beaches along Sardinian coastline but also seamlessly mountainous landscape across the island. In addition, Sardinia is known for agricultural products, linen, seafood and granite; these products were once the identity of Sardinia but in recent years it has been replaced by extremely seasonal tourism industry.

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Sardinia: The Productive Landscape Granite Granite towns Fish F1 Olbia Bay Molluscs F2 Golfo Aranci Fish

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Linen L1 San Antioco Sea silk L2 Barigadu Flax L3 Oristano Weaving L4 Terentina Wool

Linen dyes D1 Isili D2 Laconi D3 Sadali D4 Nuoro

A. Hsiao Olbia

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Olbia

Situation: Olbia Olbia has a long rich history that dates back to pre-historic period but it has also gone through numerous erasures of history, witnessing several cultural transitions. The current state of the city is caught in an in-between stage – the centre is in the process to be ‘restored’ to resemble the historical image while the rest of the city is eager to expand in order to accommodate the periodical filling of tourists. As the result, the landscape of Olbia and its important industries have been severely overlooked by boom of tourism.

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Gulf of Olbia Isola Bianca is the main entry point for both tourists and goods into Olbia.

Future develoment plan suggests that it will solely act as passenger harbour in the future, whilst the industrial harbour will handle import and export products.

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Industries of Olbia: Mussel farming, granie processing and yacht building

Being one of the major ports in Gallura region, the local industries in Olbia benefit from the close proximity to its point of export. The mussel growing industry and yacht building are both internationally recognised. The granite processing industry are known due to its product Gallura granite - which has been used in several significant institutions across the world.

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Industrial Harbour, Olbia

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Granite Processing Factory, Olbia Industrial Zone

Yacht building Mussel farming Granite factory Mapping of industries in Olbia

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II GESTURE OF TOOL MAKING the city with the measures of alternative { Reading } tools - industrial cranes and hand gestures

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Re-mapping the city through mechanical tools

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After observation, the industrial cranes become the new scaling and measuring device for the city that is constantly under construction. Moreover, these devices mark an gestural exchange between the ground-level activity and high-level construction sites, and the arms are reintepreted as an extension of human body.

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Original contributors: Mario Doneddu, Sara Mantega, Louisa Butler, Anirudh Sood, Mohsen Najafian, Paul MacDonald

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“The prosthesis reconstructs the body, transforming its limits, at once extending and convoluting its borders. The body itself becomes artifice.”1

Mark Wigley, “Prosthetic Theory:The Disciplining of Architecture“ in Assemblage (No. 15 Aug. 1991, pp 6 - 29), 9.

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The mechanical operation as the ‘prosthetic‘ element

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Re-mapping the city through mechanical tools Human Dimensions and industrial scales

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Projected limits of movement: the industrial measurement Projected limits of movement: measuring urban segments

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Projected limits of movement: human dimensions and industrial extensions Projected limits of movement: measuring urban segments

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Re-mapping the City Through Mechanical Gestures The relationship between granite industries and the industrial harbour

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Re-mapping the City Through Mechanical Gestures Connecting the indistrial harbour to the industries through the means of transportation, signified by the use of mechanical devices 37

Gestures of Exchange: Measure the Corporeal and Incorporeal

Hand Gestures: Non-Verbal Exchange When the crane is in operation, the arm becomes the extension of human arm and hence there is an added human dimension to the mechanism of crane operation. The movement is although limited by its physical restrictions, the sweeps can be read as a response to the operator’s movement and a response to the controller’s directing gestures and therefore it becomes an urban gesture of construction. This led to the investigation in hand gestures in two fields: crane control and market operation.

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Gestures of Crane Control Left to right: Extend Boom, Travel, Hoist Load Slowly

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Gestures of Market Transcations Left to right: Call, Put, Working

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In contemporary markets, especially in Italian language, hand gestures still carry significant influence in our daily life. Transactions are carried out and agreed via non-verbal hand gestures, adding a sense of body scale into the abstract field of exchange.

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III GESTURE OF PRODUCTION

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Reintepreting the metropolitan landscape of Olbia through the study of granite industry

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Networks of exchange: Olbia as the hub of exchange Both passengers and goods enter and leave Olbia for other Italian or Sardinian destinations. The city becomes the point of exchange.

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imports

exports finished granite products

minerals

metals fish and mussels

means of transport

cork products

chemicals and petrochemicals luxury yachts

food and beverage food and beverage

Networks of exchange: Catalogue of Import and Export Products of Olbia Olbia is known for exporting products such as yachts, mussels and granite products, either as raw blocks or half-processed slabs. Meanwhile, the city heavily relies on imported products such as petrochemicals.

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Gallura granite: The processing and cutting of ground

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Network of Exchange: Mapping the water and the road infrastructure Due to the nature of the port city, the sea fare infrastructure and the road infrastructure seemingly bleed into each other to provide the necessary logistic service. The transition between road and sea takes place with the help of mechanical devices.

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Connection to international trade

Transport

Industrial manufacture

Mechanical operation

Extractive harvest

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Mussels

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Connection to international trade

Packaging Transportation

Cleaning, lab test

Marine harvest

Granite

Industrial Processes: Mussel Farming and Granite Excavation For each of the industry, there is a tailored and rescaled industrial process. For example, the extraction of mussels from the sea is complete manual labour but the cleaning and sorting is done mechanically. Whereas most of the granite processing is handle mechanically. The only overlapping part is the transportation of distribution; it is also worth noting the reversed land-sea order.

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Olbia Plan of Action: Locating the Projects and Indusrties

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Olbia Plan of Action: Project Catalysts and Re-Configuration of Plnner’s Zones

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Network of Exchange: Mapping the European Granite Locations and Olbia’s International Connnections

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Network of Exchange: Gallura Granite Quarries and Important Locations Gallura granite is well known for its quality and appearance, such as ‘pink granite,‘ and is used in numerous significant institutions through out the world. The granite industry was first initiated in Cala Francese (CF as marked on the drawing) by construction of a Genoa bank in late 19th Century and since then it has been an important industry for Olbia. Gallura granite has been used in Milan Stock Exchange, Tokyo Opera House, base of Statue of Liberty.

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Granite: International Connections and Application of Gallura Granite

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The Olbian ground: the outcrops as the projects’ ground

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Granite: The Olbian Ground

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IV GESTURE OF REALISATION Spatial investigation is carried out as the

{ realisation of thetic research on granite industry } and economic development

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Gestures of Exchange: Thetic Projects The thesis includes a series of projects, E1 to E3, that each highlights and deals with a portion of the commercial exchange process which happens at larger scales – regional, national and international territories, based on granite industry as it is one of the core industries of Olbia. E1, the Granite Terminus, not only acts as a transport and logistics hub for granite mainly and other goods but it also houses trades office, showroom and processing plants.

E2, Stock Exchange, brings up the discourse about using granite as a ‘live’ market indication and the complexity of contemporary financial market; its association with financial solidity is tested in architectural configuration.

E3, Harbour Authority, places emphasis on the association that granite has with power and institutions.

In addition, the three markets which predominantly deal with local produce and skilled tradesmen (G1 – Fish Market, G2 – Bread Market, G3 – Linen Market) developed by Nirupa Puliyel all sit in context with E projects. Together the six projects not only start to speak to each other but also suggest a further continuation of projects across the city and connect with other thetic projects within the studio.

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G1

Bread Market

G2

Linen Market

G3

Granite Terminus

E1

Stock Exchange

E2

Harbour Authority

E3

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Fish Market

N. Puliyel

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Plan of Action: The Three Market Projects (E1 - E3) and Three Granite-related Projects

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Operation defined by the crane’s limit of movement

Operation defined by the crane’s limit of movement 70

Containerisation

Organisation

Transportation

Shaping and manufacturing

Lifting

Cutting

Lifting and transportation

Excavation

Operation of Scales: Networking the Process and Distribution

Layout of Stone Processing Yard

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1 The holder/cntainer 2 The vertical mover 3 The front rotator 4 The centre rotator 5 The smooth-clicker 6 The twisting piece

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7 The closing studs 8 The disk 9 the round grader 10 The small padding spacer 11 The small base

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12 The fixing screw 13 The round padding 14 The ring 15 The small screws 16 The small screws 17 The front plate

18 The reaching 19 The form case 20 The collector 21 The holding case 22 The sandwich plate 23 The foundation

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The crane controller’s chair

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E1 Granite Terminus

The Gallura granite has been a well-recognised product known to the world and is used in several significant buildings internationally. However, despite Olbia being one of the major granite industry bases in Sardinia, the industry has been overlooked by tourism in recent years and so has the value of granite.

The Granite terminus operates as a transportation hub for granite products that also houses a processing factory, artisan workshop, product showroom and trades office. In addition, due to its location in the dense urban area, the terminus thus becomes a significant focal point of granite showcase in Olbia, the reappropration of granite industry is emphasized by the display nature of terminus. The industry therefore can be treated as a sign of commercial development in Olbia.

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Sketches of terminus

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Granite Terminus basement factory plan 1:1000 1 Cutting room (block) 2 Polishing 3Hand tooling (slab) 4 Shaping (large) 5 Artisan workshop 6 Inspection 7 Packaging

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B B

Granite Terminus ground floor plan 1:1000 1 Incoming arriving product loading area 2 Granite workshops 3 Granite workshop (lower level) 4 Granite warehouse strage 5 Outward/departing product loading area Railway track logistics A Passenger + freight B Freight

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6 Office

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Granite Terminus second floor plan 1:1000

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Granite Terminus first floor plan 1:1000 1 Reception 2 Showroom 3 Trades office 4 Viewing platform 5 Artisan workshop

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0 2 6m Granite Terminus Section A - A

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0 2 6m Granite Terminus Section A - A

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Threshold Tectonic from E1 The tectonic in E1 acts as the threshold between production space (factory) and commercial display (showroom/artisan workshop).

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Section Through Workshop, Granite Terminus The tectonic element is seen here, highlighted in green, holding up the artisan workshop and acting as a threshold between space of production below and space of fine craft. Due to its thickness it can also reduce noise produced in stoneworks.

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1:50 model

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Drawing A Platform section 1_Granite panel 2_Copper fitting 3_In-situ cast reinforced concrete

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Drawing B Section of showroom 1_Perforated metal mesh 2_Roof beam of welded steel flats

3_Louvres for shading, cooling and sound atenuation 4_Internal floor Floor covering Screed Separating layer Vapour barrier

Sound insulation 50mm Raised floor posts Thermal insulation 150mm Composite concrete floor slab 400mm 5_Cylindrical steel strut, diameter 200mm 93

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0 200cm Drawing C Section of stone cutting workshop

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1_Floor construction Floor covering Screed Separatring layer Vacuum layer Impact sound insulation 65mm Vacuum layer

Thermal insulation 410mm Damp proof membrane 10mm In-situ cast reinforced concrete 600mm

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Sales office/private

Showroom/public

Office, sales enquiry Meeting room Administration Kitchenette

Sales office/private Granite stoneworks Loading, unloading and storage Services

Showroom/public Trades showroom, product display and fairs Cafe Showcase of granite in architectural elements Viewing platforms

Granite stoneworks Cutting rooms Polishing Hand tooling Artisan workshop Packaging and inspection

Loading, unloading and storage Incoming goods Outgoing products Warehouse/storage Staff room Overhead bridge connection

Services Plant rooms Ventilation Air extraction Air diffuser

Schedule of Accommodation

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1:1000 site model

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Contextual imprint 1:1000 site model

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Consultation with Structural Engineer and Environemntal Engineer Discussion covered issues such as overall structure, floor condition and necessary ground preparation as the terminus places a major emphasis on the articulation of ground. The majority of the building structure is in steel to give an impression of a lightweight building on heavy thick ground.

In terms of environmental design, extra measures and considerations have been given to the noise issue due to its city centre location. The building is offset from main roads on two sides and shielded by heavily landscaped and planted earth mounds to reduce noise. Air ventilation and diffusion strategy has been incorporated in order to provide a more pleasant working environment for the staff.

Structural sketches made during consultation

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Environmental Eolutions and Euggestions on Enternal and External Environments

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E2 Stock Exchange

The initiation of granite industry was triggered by the construction of a bank in Genoa in late 19th century, which used granite from Cala Francese, and subsequently Gallura granite was used in the building of Milan Stock Exchange and used by other significant institutions across the world, hence its common association with financial and governmental instututions.

The stock exchange not only engages locally with Sardinian granite industry but also other known industries in Sardinia, in a global scale. The stock room which cuts through the building changes silmutaneously with the import export activities, hence it is regarded as the market indicator, as the building to the Sardinian economy indicator.

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Threshold Tectonic from E1 The tectonic in E1 acts as the threshold between production space (factory) and commercial display (showroom/ artisan workshop). Here at the stock exchange it becomes an inhabited threshold between financial trading and industrial process of heavy lifting.

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Stock exchange Site plan 1:2000 The stock exchange sits in South Bay, overlooking the gulf. In addition, the building is also sitting on one of the granite outcrops.

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Lower ground floor plan 1:400 Stock exchange 1_Bank rep. office 2_Financial Security Service 3_Stock room 106

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Ground floor plan Stock exchange 1_Trading rooms 2_Bank rep. offices 3_WCs 4_Cafe 107

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First floor plan 1:400 Stock exchange 1_Auditorium 108

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Part section Trading floor and Control/stock room Both trading floor and stock room are intended to be considered as market indicator that reflects the product markets, especially granite, growth and development.

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Long section Stock exchange

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1:1000 site model

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1:1000 site model

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E3 Harbour Authority

Located at the industrial harbour, the Harbour Authority acts as the port of entry for the goods and it also forms part of the discussion on the granite products and its financial and authoritarian association. The strategically located project signifies its status as the control point.

In this project, the treatment of ground illustrates the continuous customs clearing process of goods from the harbour to the land.

The watch tower and the furnace, which will be cladded and thickened in granite, act as the practice of authorisation

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Drainage Tectonic from G1 Elements from E1 and G1 are picked out and exchanged between buildings to allow dialogue on scale and tectonic to take place between projects

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Harbour Authority Site plan 1:2000 Harbour Authority is located at the industrial harbour, it plays an important role in controlling the flow of goods in and out of the city.

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Harbour Authority Long section through furnace

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Furnace: Signs of Economic authority Harbour Authority The drainage detail is incorporated and improvised here on the ground to address the articulation of ground as a continuous process of customs clearing. the furnace, which burns down illegal goods or goods that are not cleared of customs, acts as the practice of authorisation.

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1:1000 site models

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V GESTURE OF EXHIBITION

{

The method of presentation and curation informs the gesturality of the thetic projects

}

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E

Animation: Transaction Transcript Exchange of Building Tectonics As part of the exchange process, two distinctive tectonic details are picked out from fish market and terminus and are then ‘exchanged‘ and incorporated, or initiated, into other thetic projects. The Terminus detail acts as the threshold between the space of production (factory) and space of display. In Stock Exchange, the detail is developed into an inhabited architecrtural element between the stock room and the trading floor.

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Animation: Transaction Transcript Exchange of Building Tectonics At the same time, the Fish Market drainage detail is used in the Harbour Authority furnace where the detail is incorporated as part of the directing ground.The operation of scales is also another inemphasis - it highights the main difference between the two projects.

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Animation: Making Gestures Stills from animation

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Animation: Making Gestures Stills from animation

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Animation: Transaction Transcrpt Stills from animation This part of animation brings the tectonic exchange, Transaction Transcript, of the six projects together dispersed into each other and attempt to raise the dialogue with metropolitan landscape

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www.gesturesofexchange.com A project website was set up in order to create interactive contents of the thesis Gestures of Exchange, contents include thesis statement, architectural drawings and films.

The website is seen as an integral part of the thesis on exchange for both students and part of the exhibition curation. In addition, the website allows both projects to sit in direct interactive dialogue with each other.

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Curation of Work Curation: Review presentations of work

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Curatorial Device: Plan Chest I The second drawer holds the 1:2000 Granite Terminus site model, whilst the top surface and first drawer were treated as part of the curatorial presentation of the archive. The drawer and top contains several booklets and bound archives.

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Opening Event 6.30pm Monday 18th February [EUSAS Bar]

Architecture, Landscape and The Ecosophic Object

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Open Studio 18th-22nd February 2013 Studio 4, Minto House

M.Arch 2011-2013

Gestures of Exchange: Measure the Corporeal and Incorporeal

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Guest critic: Josep Mias, Bartlett

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The [Loving] Metropolitan Landscape Architecture, Landscape and the Ecosophic Object

MArch Degree Show 2013, Minto House

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Gestures of Exchange Studio 4 Exhibition Layout 1:100 Minto House a_Metropolitan dialogues 1:5000 b_Metropolitan plan of action 1:2000 _Contextual Imprint 1:1000 _E1 Granite terminus site 1:2000 c_Website www.gesturesofexchange.com d_Animation projection _Gestures of Making 02:54 _Transaction Transcript 02:11

Gestures of Exchange A. Hsiao N. Puliyel

e_Archives and design booklets f_Transaction Transcript: Tectonic Dialogues g_G1 Gestures of Exchange Fish Market 1:200 model h_G1 Gestures of Exchange Fish Market 1:50 model

i_E1 Granite Terminus 1:500 model j_E1 Granite Terminus 1:50 model k_E1-E3, G1-G3 situation models 1:1000 l_Granite: The Olbian Ground

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Exhibition layout: Overlaying of Field (Olbia) and Site (studio)

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MArch Degree Show 2013, Minto House

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Curatorial Device: Plan Chest II The top of plan chest holds the 1:2000 Metropolitan Plan of Action of the six projects. First drawer contains six 1:1000 contextual imprint models, and the second drawer contains a 1:2000 Granite Terminus site model

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Metropolitan Dialogue Between the Projects and Boyond

The Metropolitan Dialogue, conceived as a 1:500 podium model,becomes an integral part of both The Weighted Markets and Measure the Corporeal and the Incorporeal, in the sense that, because both our projects can further extend to more across the city and also the scope of scales covered, our theses can also contain other students’ project can also be an integral part of the bigger thesis.

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{

EPILOGUE

}

Gestures of Exchange: Measuring the Corporeal and the Incorporeal The design thesis was set up in order to investigate the disconnection between the city of Olbia, its underestimated landscape and the declining industries that used to thrive; therefore thesis proposes a series of queries Network of the Exchange: and issues concerning the current Olbian urbanand condition, Gallura Granite Quarries its relationship to landscape and granite industry.

Important Locations

The role of Olbia as a Mediator was explored through the study and mapping of cranes Olbia,and andappearance, how these Gallura granite is well known for itsinquality cranes be and regarded extensions that such as can ‘pinkfurther granite,‘ is usedasinbodily numerous significant are making through industrialoutgestures aboveThe thegranite landscape.

The institutions the world. industry interests local industries and the industrial processes was first ininitiated in Cala Francese (CF as marked onhave the led the direction of thesis into the development drawing) by construction of alooking Genoaatbank in late 19th of landscape-based industry extraction.

The Century and since then it has of beengranite an important industry programmatic proposal a been Granite the for Olbia. Gallura graniteofhas usedTerminus in MilaninStock city centreTokyo of Olbia to re-articulate status of Exchange, Operaaims House, base of Statuethe of Liberty.

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Occus etur animill esciis se mod estrumque mosae. Ur sunt rati occum aliquo mo ea velibus ipitium idemoles aut inctat granite in Olbia postiis – beingreceatetXimporeh in the industrialenditi zone esti alia industry nobis magnitiorit and the city. The terminus not only apicidisplaced tem. Rumaway sam,from earibus. functions as nimagnit a freight ra transportation/distribution hub but Ratis sam re veles volupta ernatatae samusamet it alsoquas contains a stonework factory, showroom and office quod alite pra doleste nisquat. space fornimagnis trades.

By pulling programmes together Unt que vitem voluptur, quaspellabor rem et a siium nihilib Sed nullor sequi these cullandi dolum, ipitatiat. under one roof andestemperum placing theaspedit building insitiostibus the city centre, ustibustis ut alibus, aspit, Nequid etcon ut pre, volorum et aut fugit utempelecum the terminus represents the iladded curatorial effectpliat of ut eosandio vidoreiunt molent licatemporit as endent deraepudae quunt occatevolora maximai enit possimaio granite; the idea of the granite isnimillibus fulfilled. nonesomnihil elesti sum et showcasing fugit ipsusarciis mincili quassit atendes ipiet lendio.

Occatem porposti In addition, other two projects (Stock and dolorem ad the utest porporis ditasnem dolutene iuseperessedis enimpor dem ut lisinumqui autatatem anditiaExchange Harbour Authority) start to form avolorem strong quiandae connection res samendist volor seque et nonsequaerum ni rerovit issunt fuga. autem Nequi tessum, lacias with the as each one of them carry a eossitatem significant consentis vel exceper issinus, netumqui ditio.

Et Terminus acero voluptaquo dessum numnonsed lab ipsa verum, association of granite the modern financial market. aut liquaec tatur? qui sin ressint, omnistwith evenece praersped quo beaque as The thesis can be further developed and extended into Ut aut min niminci isquam eum lanimuscil moluption praea esti odi de cullorectiae derem endae pernatem sit aciligenis more city-wide project with more programmes andverovit other doloresed quiandae pore nesto blant laceriatem sunt qui omniste velessero iliquat emperundit enihill student’s projects the discourse. omniti volor arci joining ad entium invendunt modi dicaeperum uptatibus, quidunt aliquam quibus deligent, simus, eosande isci om aut ut omnihil libus. nobissit

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Selected Bibliography

Allen, Stan, Points + Lines: Diagrams and Projects for The City (New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1999).

Benjamin, Walter, Illuminations, ed. Hannah Arendt, (London: Fontana Press, 1992).

Corner, James, The Agency of Mapping: Speculation, Critique and Invention, in Mappings, ed. Denis Cosgrove, (London: Reaktion, 2002).

De Certeau, Michel, The Practice Of Everyday Life, trans. Steven Rendall (Berkeley, California: California University Press, 1984).

Guattarri, Felix, The Three Ecologies, trans Ian Pindar and Paul Sutton (New York: Athlone Press, 2000).

Serres, Michel, The Parasite, trans Lawrence R. Schehr (Minnesota: University Of Minnesota Press, 2007).

Wigley, Mark ,“Prosthetic Theory: The Disciplining of Architecture“ in Assemblage (No. 15 Aug. 1991, pp 6 – 29).

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* Appendix

{

Architectural Management, Practice and Law

}

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Planning consideration The terminus is located in the city centre of Olbia, though just outside of the historic town centre. It occupies the current train freight yard, which is to the West of the current passenger railway station. The local authority has been planning to construct a new railway terminal to accommodate growing number of tourists and it is to be situated where the terminus is. Before submitting planning application, it is necessary to conduct local consultation for a number of reasons: demolition of few current private properties will have to be demolished in order to make way for the construction, also any necessary measures and steps for environmental impact, such as noise, will have to be explained.

Environmental Control - Noise The terminus is offset from existing buildings on both sides, with the North side screened off by heavily planted and landscaped 1.5-metre tall earth mound as noise barrier and the slightly sunken South side which is about two metres below existing ground level, therefore the noise impact of heavy traffic that goes in and out of the building can be reduced. In addition, the majority of stone processing units are located in the basement in the central strip. For example, the cutting rooms are located deep in the ground, four metres below ground, and are heavily insulated in the wall cavities. As the process gets lighter the correspondent workshops are raised closer to ground level.

According to The Planning Advice Note PAN 1/2011: ‘Planning and Noise’, the planning system should help to prevent and limit the adverse effect of noise. As stated in Scottish Building regulation Non Domestic Noise Technical Handbook, the building must be designed and constructed in such a way to limit noise transmission.

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0

20

60

100m

1 storey

2 storeys

3 storeys

4 storeys

5 storeys Stone cutting 103 db Train passing 85db

6 storeys

Truck 80db 7 storeys Average factory process 80db

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Structure The primary structure of the terminus is constructed in steel members, some trussed some solid, and reinforced concrete and secondary structure is composed of a series of smaller sectioned steel I beams. The ground has been designed in such a way that all the process, i.e. block handling, cutting and shaping, happen according to the ground articulation and the entire concrete ground is treated as industrial floor – it is formed as one continuous slab. The building part of terminus as a lightweight steel structure directs its loads through point load down to the steel columns. During the design process, weekly consultation with structural engineer was carried out and this should happen through out the entire process. It is stated in the Building (Scotland) Regulations (Section 1l.1.4) that the foundation in any building should ensure stability and the ability to s=withstand loads. In this case, the concrete ground thickens in places in order to take different loads.

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Drawing C 1:50 detail section of sales office

1_Glazing supported by floor slab

1

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Universla Access The grounds of the terminus are largely flat and the incorporate several ramps for ease of goods transportation on trolleys or forklifts. However this part of terminus is not completely open to public, it only provides limited access to certain personnel. In the showroom and office area, however, all pathway widths exceed 1.8m, allowing two wheelchair users to pass by simultaneously. In addition, the doors, where possible, will be large sliding doors.

The stairs and glazed panels should all have contrasting markings to announce the change for the visually impaired.

Fire Strategy The majority of the building is constructed in steel and concrete. For the steel elements, appropriate fire protection should be given in the form of paint and encasement to ensure prolonged structural integrity, although some of the steel elements will be exposed for aesthetic reasons. The concrete elements should be able to withstand the damage done by fire more than steel does.

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Escape route

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Procurement, Cost and Management The terminus is essentially a combination of an industrial building, which can be easily managed and procured by Design and Build, and a more architecturally elaborate building that sits on top of the industrial floor, it seems Design and Build may not be the best suitable procurement method in this case. Instead, the traditional contract would be more suitable as it requires the architect and engineers to work side by side continuously.

In terms of cost control, most of the structural elements can be prefabricated as standard sizes are employed. However, the steel arms that hold up the showroom and office would have to be customised for the project construction.

Moreover, a large proportion of money would be spent on the ground construction, e.g. building the formwork correctly and accurately. A quantity surveyor should be employed in order to keep the financial part of the project running smoothly.

Health and Safety during construction and at work During construction period, a CDM coordinator (may be the architect) and a principal contractor have to be appointed, and the architect must ensure the client is aware of their necessary duties in terms of Health and Safety regulations. Due to the nature of the working environment in the building, it is important to make the staff and visitors aware of the application of safety personal protective equipment.

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73, 98, 1, 1

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The [Loving] Metropolitan Landscape

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