saMg m"ak'sag
kUsaMgsIun CaEdndIrbs'Exµr≥≥≥ ®tUv®bKl'[Exµrvij
eKhdaΩ neVHBm u p ı ßayGbßra eVHBm u eı lk I T2 I Exmkra qS~ 2000 mg u" erGal,' ekbk i
karpßayrbss ' arBtm · an «Ggr brU » I K˘s˘2005
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esckI†Ef¬gGMNrKuN xs ¨∆M m U Efg ¬ nvU GN M rKN u ya" g®Cale®CAceM JH
elak KuC-®bsiTiÏ maç se' ragBm u ı «Gbßra» enAT®I kg u emg u" erGal,' ekbk i ®beTskaNada EdlVneFG √I eM NayseM NAesovePA «ks U Sgsn uI CaEdndrI bsE' xrµ ˘˘˘ ®tvU ®bKl[ ' Exrµ vj i » nB i neÏ dayelak sSg-ma" ks ' ag mksarBtm · an «Ggr brU » I eVHpßayCasaFarN: edm I ∫T I k u Ca‰ksar ng i Cavtd ¨ƒ asG ' ®gn Y saµ rtk I l u b®u t ng i kl u Ft i aExrµ ®Kb@ ' rb U [rlk w nk w cgcSCanc i d ç lT ' k w d´I nsmy & mhanKr EdlVnrc i rl i rm Y tc U eTA@ eday sars®tvU xagekt I ng i xaglc i reM laPQa¬ nJnehy I ekg®bvJ & y ç keTAeFC √I a®TB¥Pn i xn Á¬ ng i edaysartNa˙ karseuI Car qt Á vegg √ xn Á¬ ‰g ´nBk Y emdk w nSExrµ xH¬ @ . sm U mnJ u p Ô ld®* besrI enH nSmknvU sP u mgl ng i vb i l u sx u dle' lakng i ®Ks Y ar lI eDob cagha√ gsarBtm · anGgr brU I
elak saMg-m"ak'sag CasmaCk i bcb ¨ç ∫n´~ nsmaKmGk ~ nB i nEÏ xrµ xe¨∆M COfa Gk ~ Edlmn i beM rs I ®tvU ng i Edlcg[ ' dm I atP u m U i ng i Cats i asnx _ n Á¬ Kgv' gß Bt i CaBd uM ake' TaselrI b U x¨∆M Edl®Kan' Ete®beI srP I aBkarJrml U ehtd u ®* tm w ®tvU rbsC ' nrm Y Qamrbsx ' ¨∆M enAkmC ¨ı ae®kam kg ¨~ kareF[ √I eKTTl Y sa ls ' T i C Ïi nrm Y QamenH faVneF[ √I esAhg µ dlm ' t i P † aBExrµ -yn Y eLy I .
sUmåTÊis s`a´denHcMeJH ‹ vJ i aÔ Nkn ≈ m Ï a† yx¨∆M
EdlVnBeJH begt ˚I ng i cJ i m wç x¨∆M
[rsV ' nCamns u ß ®sLajm ' ns u ßCati ®sLajC ' ati ®sLajd ' y I a" gbrˆ pa† c' . ‹ “Bk u x¨∆M sB´√ ft © srUfl sk ' Na† lhg Ë√ ®semacyn Y e®JH Et®sLajd ' eI kr_i† EdlVn[keM Nt I dlx ' ¨∆M ng i pl † [ ' xn ¨∆M vU G@ √I ®Kby ' a" g EdlGk ~ esh ~ aCati Gk ~ Ca man . xs ¨∆M m U GrKN u elakTSgeTe√ nHedayesaµ Hs®&µ Kbp M t u cM eJHGeM NayQammy Y dN M kr' bse' lak EdlCa (meU" L Kl I ) begt ˚I rb U x¨∆M edaylkN ≈ :mn i rlbr' ltm ' y Y Km W n i ecH(®T)mns u ßNa sasnN _ a. ‹ bg®bs u ng i bn ËÌ ®sx I ¨∆M EdlsT u EÏ tVnbC U aescks †I x u paÊ lx ' n Á¬ edm I ∫b I eM rm I l U ehtd u ®* tm w ®tvU rbsC ' ati
KV W n
cl U kg ¨~ CrY kgTB & cabG ' avF u kc M aty ' n Y edm I ∫k I arJrdn I g i sx u malPaB´nCnrm Y Qamrbsx ' ¨∆M .
sUmeKarB edayesaµ H ng i edayPkb †I p M t u ceM JH – ‹ Exrµ e®kamEdlsa¬ b' sa¬ be' dm I ∫C I ats i asn_ ng i Cnrm Y Qamrbsx ' n Á¬ ng w enAKgv' gß ng i Edlhafl nTamTar sT i rÏi bsx ' n Á¬ Camaç sd ' I Edlxn Á¬ rse' ls I B´√ fe© nH . ‹ Gse' lakGk ~ ®VC∆ ®bvtv†i T i U Gk ~ nB i nÏ Gk ~ ®sav®Cavbr eTsng i rm Y elaht i ®Kbr' b U ®BmTSgGse' lakTSgLa yNa EdlVnxt i xb M ga˙ jmts i aFarN:skl[ dg w fa dk I mC ¨ı ae®kam…ks U Sgsn uI CaEdndrI bsE' xrµ ≤t®bEkkVn EdlExrµ enAEtCamaç sE' dndeI nH®tm w ®tvU tamc∫abC ' adrab .
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lx i t i ch M ceM JHCnrm Y QamenAkmC ¨ ı ae®kam Cnrm Y QamCaTeI sh ~ aTSgLay ! mhanKrVncHu exßayGnP u aB tSgBm I anepm †I cV M g M Camy Y esommkemH"¬ . bEu" nm † hanKrrbse' yg I eTb I Et®tvU vn i asEbkExk ∆ dG I sC ' abnb † naÊ b' e®kayBI manGnr† aKmnr_ bsy ' n Y mkkg ¨~ kc i k ç arExrµ Caelk I db M g U enAkg ¨~ stvtßrT _ 1 I 7. CakarBt i Nas' karVtb ' gG ' nP u aB rht U dlk ' arVtb ' gd ' G I sm ' y Y PaKya" gFM bp M t u enH bNa† lmkBeI sc † ng i snt † vi gßesc † PaKe®cn I ehy i ng i namn u W k∫t' xH¬ EdleQa¬ HKa~ deNm †I raCsm∫t†i rc Y eTABg w breTs . kb * Eu" n† deI yg I dF * b M p M t u Edlbgbn ËÌ kB M g u rse' nAeleI dayrgkmb µ p M t u enaH KW«kmC ¨ı ae®kam»enH eTb I Etng w Vtb ' ge' TAenAqS~ 1949 edaysa~ ´dVrSg Gk ~ GaNaB¥aVlrbse' yg I Etmg † . tSgBeI naHmk kartsrUfl bsb ' gbn Ë Ì ecHEt mandeM NrI mansnH¨Ê xS¬ gka¬ ng i manml U daΩ nrg w bg uw eLg I @Cald M abE' dr . rdk Ω aryn Y tSgBeI xaµ c®bFanaFb i teI ga" -Dn i eyomrht U mk˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘Vn Gnvu tK † eM ragkarbV M tB ' C U Exrµ Bd I rI bse' yg I edaye®bvI F i ankar´®B´pßbp M t u Gm ns u ßFmb · p M t u EdlCats i asnm _ anGar¥Fm· sb Ì e' xm Iı mn i EdleXj I . vaeF√I TarN u kmeµ lrI b U kay vareM laPel®I se†I PT vacaby ' keTAdakk ' g ¨~ C®gk u ®svU dt u TSgrs' vaehAyne† haHng i TB & rbsv' a[eTATma¬ kk ' eM Tc dt u bp M a¬ jPm U ®i su k pHÊ sEM bg ®TB¥sm∫tr†i bsb ' gbn ËÌ tamry:´´nsÂga mEdlvaehAfa reM daH Catei votNam . yn Y eyokNamkg u va" kd * c U Cayn Y eyokkg u Ks W T u C Ï ayn Y su TEÏ tCaeBCŒXad®bvts †i a®sc † eM JHbgbn ËÌ . rdk Ω aryn Y ≤t®BmTTl Y sa ls ' T i EÏi xrµ e®kam ≤t®Bmpl † l ' kn ≈ k †i :C CnCati PaKtc i [bgbn ËÌ eT . cHu CnCatP i aKtc i ‰eTot emc † kv* a®Bm®bKl[ ' ? Kaµ n Ge√I ®kABeI carbn ¬ e' nHPy & xa¬ cCnrm Y Qamrbse' yg I de* ®cn I els I lb' TamTardI BvI avj i enaHeT . Cnrm Y CatC i aTeI sh ~ a! eyg I mankarQc W abb ' p M t u ceM JHGeM Bb I V M tB ' C U sasn_ Edlyn Y ®b®Bt w † mkelC I atri bse' yg I enATeI nH . eyg I sm U KS®T®Kbk ' artsk Ufl arTamTarrbsb ' gbn ËÌ TSg®sg u ehy I eyg I sm U dake' TasGsC ' nTSgLayNa Edlbn u" bg " bgaÌ kB ' ga√ g …eF[ √I kartsUfl karTamTarTSgenaHbraCy & . eyg I Bt i CamansT i ®Ïi tm w ®tvU tampvˬ c∫ab' TamTar[sa ls ' T i rÏi bse' yg I
ng i ®bKld ' k I mC ¨ı ae®kammk[eyg I . Bk Y ecarbn ¬ ' Bk Y c®kBtm †i anTb I Jb ç m ' y Y Kk W arvn i asGnr† Fan . kartsm Ufl n i sa¬ be' T (Mort pour la patrie, c'est s'immortaliser pour une belle mort)) . mn i xH√ eTGk ~ edrI tame®kayeyg I ! (Le Flambeau demeure toujours vivant !) eyg I ®tvU QH~ . PeM~ Bj kmC ¨ı akNa† l, ´f© 18 mkra 1973 ( hteƒ lxa )
saMg-m"ak'sag
ks U Sgsn uI CaEdndrI bsE' xrµ ˘˘˘®tvU ®bKl[ ' Exrµ vj i
01
cMeJHsni†PaB≤NÎËcin eKny i ayfa ≤Nc ËÎ n i ng w VnsnP †i aBPa¬ m ebk I alNaehy I bkßEdlKS ®TsÂga menATeI nH dkTB & ng i bJŒbG ' nr† aKmnr_ bsx ' n Á¬ Kf W aGaemrk i ecjB≤ I Nc ËÎ n i yn Y xageCg I ecjBd I EI xrµ lav ng i yn Y xagt∫g Ë ehy I TTl Y sa lf ' a yn Y manBrI dEdl . yn Y kB M g u Etrm Y Ka~ eVk®Vsm ' haGN M acelakesrI ng i elaksgm ny i m [beM rm I l U ehtå u ®kd i m Ω haecarrbsB ' k Y va . braCy & ´nkarGnvu tn † k _ c i ®ç Bme®BogVr" s I ´f2 © 7 mkra 1973 lm µ eF[ √ I Ga emrk i Sgng i sklelakylc ' ∫ase' hy I GB M b I N M gng i Bt u de* fakTabrbs' yn Y . manEte®bd I eM NaH®sayeyaFabeu" Naˆ H eTb I bJa˙ ≤Nc ËÎ n i rk®ckecj eXj I . snP †i aB≤Nc ËÎ n i ng w ekt I Pa¬ m e®kamGNa† tePg ¬I cg u e®kay´n®KabE' bkbr maNeU ly I n Y rlt' e®kayBd I k I mC ¨ı a®tvU VneK®bKl[ ' Exrµ vj i !!...
ks U Sgsn uI CaEdndrI bsE' xrµ ˘˘˘®tvU ®bKl[ ' Exrµ vj i
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karmin®tUv®cLM rvagJk¥kUsaMgsIun nigkmı¨Cae®kam Jk¥ <ks U Sgsn uI > VnTTl Y karE®b®bl Y e®cn I elk I e®cn I ®KaNas' eTA tamkN M te' Blng i kal:eeTs: Edleyg I mankatBk √ c i ®ç tvU [manbrei cT œ ®bv ts †i a®s† (Localisation historique)) ®Vkdmy Y mn u ng w cl U eTAdlC ' eM rA´nsM eNrI rbse' yg I . Jk¥enHVnpa¬ sk ' Eng ¬ ya" gelOn BT I s i xageCg I eqaı Hmk xagt∫g Ë edaynSmkCamy Y pg nvU CnCaty i n Y kg ¨~ sÂga mvat®BEM dn CaTl M a b®' bcSstvtßrbsv' a cabB ' ®I BEM dnxagt∫g Ë ´ n ® b e T s cn i r ht U e T A d ln ' g w e®CaykaemA" . db M g U eLy I Jk¥ <ks U Sgsn uI > Edlmannri t u s †i a®s… † ÚsJk¥nS[CECktvay " a" gxS¬ genAeLy I enaH ®tvU Vnyn Y ehAeQaµ H dt I g u kg w (eyokNam xageCg I ) Etmy Y beu" Naˆ H . bnaÊ bm ' k Kc W abB ' s I tvtßrT _ 1 I 6´n®Ks w s † kraC Bk Y GrW b u" VnykeTAe®beI dm I ∫[ I ehAdEI dlkß®t®kg u ev" ´nsnt † vi gßegø√ g®tt Y ®ta Kf W a®beTsGNaˆ mkNa† l ehy I ng i Ednds I Nr† dN U ay ng i Tene¬ mKgE dlyn Y bn ¬ B ' EI xrµ (eyokNamxagt∫g Ë bcb ¨ç ∫n)~ . Tb I Jb ç ' e®kayBB I k Y VrSgykdN U ay ng i Tene¬ mKgx age®kamVn (qS~ 1858-60) Jk¥<ks U S gsn uI >enH ®tvU VrSgykeTAdake' Qaµ H[ehA <ks U Sgsn uI Tn M ab> (Basse U Sgsn uI VrSg (Cochinchine française)) KeW yokNam Cochinchine)) …<ks sB´√ f© Cn M s Y <ks U Sgsn uI el> I (Haute Cochinchine)) …ks U Sgsn uI GNaˆ m KeW votNamkNa† l EdleTb I ng w Fa¬ ke' ®kamGaNaB¥aVlVrSg kalBq I S~ 1884vj i . Bk Y camEdlcHu Gab{ ' nenAstvtßT9 I ´n®Ks w s † kraCenaH ®tvU Bk Y yn Y ®b ly & vn i asesrÊI Kaµ nslB ' C U ehy I vayrj u ®can≤tQbQ ' r tambeNa† y sm®u T tSgBx I ageCg I eTAxagt∫g Ë (tamsm®u Tcn i ) . mkdls ' tvtßT1 I 5´n ®Ks w s † kraC Bk Y camVnTTl Y braCy & CaTb I Jb ç v' n i as®beTsGs' rht U s le' xts † amlBrI CacN M Hu esc † ®kg u evb " eu" Naˆ H KeW xtp † anr' I (Phanri)) ng i pan' rag " (Phanrang)) . e®kayBeI lbnKrcV M r" c Y Bk Y yn Y VnbeM Vlkarrk u ranrbsv' a mkdeN†I mykEdndd I N U ay ng i valTn M abTene¬ mKgr bsE' xrµ eTot . mkdls ' tvtß T1 I 8 edaymanGeM BrI m Y k∫tB ' c I ®kBtV †i rSgpg yn Y VndeNm †I VnBEI xrµ nvU
ks U Sgsn uI CaEdndrI bsE' xrµ ˘˘˘®tvU ®bKl[ ' Exrµ vj i
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valTn M ab´nTene¬ mKgÌ . extE† xrµ TSgLayenAkmC ¨ ı ae®kam (EdlVrSgehA faks U Sgsn uI Tn M ab …ks U Sgsn uI VrSg) ®tvU Fa¬ kC ' abnb † naÊ bK ' a~ eTAkg ¨~ kNa† b' ´dyn Y – extV † ero kg ¨~ qS~ 1658, ´®BnKr (ya" Dn i ) qS~ 1698, extm † f I r ng i vj i Lg ¨ qS~ 1731, exts † k u ®TSg enAqS~ 1747 . Kt W amrebobbn ¬ ' edaydeNm †I dI ng i bneM¬ Qaµ HEdlmanVrSgCaGaNaB¥a VlExrµ rm Y xs u ®tvU enHpgenaHehy I Edlyn Y ecarbn ¬ G ' nr† Cati Vnbegt ˚ I ®b eTsrbsv' a KrW bsE' dlvaehAfa eyokNamxagt∫g Ë enH‰g . srM abE' xrµ Gk ~ Cang i Exrµ Catn i y i m cV M g M rvagyn Y ng i yn Y KC W acV M b M Jl Ë ç dI Exrµ kmC ¨ı ae®kam eTArm Y ng w dk I s U Sgsn uI …eyokNamxageCg I . karbJl Ë ç dI Exrµ eTAkg ¨ ~ dy I n Y E b b e n H mn i G a c ng w eFe√I TAekt I e Ly I drabNaExrµ enAman eQaµ HelB I P i Belak drabNayn Y mn i TanG ' arkExrµ Gse' nAeLy I eTenaH . mtG i nr† CatK i rY dg w BB I t u yn Y ehy I Qb[ ' yn Y eVk®Vse' ToteTA ! dEI xrµ ®tvU Et®bKl[ ' Exrµ vj i ... karenHeTaHbf I aBP i Belakmansl I Fmy · a" gsc Á† esg †I k†I kv* a®tvU EtylG ' c I g w Edr !!!
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ks U Sgsn uI CaEdndrI bsE' xrµ ˘˘˘®tvU ®bKl[ ' Exrµ vj i
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