L A MINORITE CAMBODGIENNE DE COCHINCHINE ( Extrait du Bulletin de la Société des Etudes Indochinoises ) Tome XXI 1er Semestre 1946 Par LOUIS MALLERET
CnCatiPaKticExµr enA EdnkUsaMgsIun eday l√I ma" le¬W r" E®bsrM l Y eday eGg-esrIbu®t
karpßayrbss ' arBtm · an«Ggr brU » I rkßasT i ®Ïi Kby ' a" g (K˘s˘2004 - B˘s˘2548)
CnCatP i aKtc i Exrµ enAEdnks U Sgsn uI
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ebI®bsinCaxM∆¨Vne®CIserIsykmkniyayBICnCatiExµrenAEdndIkUsS g s I u n e n a H k * e ® J H E t x M ∆ ¨ y l ' e X I j f a C a k a r m a n s a r : ® b e y a C nx _ ¬SgNas' k~¨gkareqI¬ytbeTAnwgsiTiÏrbs'CnCatiPaKticmYycMnYnd*sMxan' enHebIeKmi nKiteTAelIlk≈&N´n®bvti†saÂs†eT . CakarBitNas' EdndIkUsSgsIunminGacykeTAe®bobeFob CamYynwg ®bCaCn®Kb'Catisasn_ Edlrs'enAtamtMbn'Ep~kxagelI´nEdndItugkwg enAtam®BM®bTl'Ednlav …enAtamEdndIxıg'rab´nPUmiPaKkN†al´n≤NÎË cin EdlTSgGs'K~ayl'®sb[eQµaHfa CaEdndIrbs'BBYkhiNÎËnigBYk m"yenaHeT . EtenAeBlenH eKVnkt'smal'eXIjenAelIEdndItammat' Ten¬emKg nUvvt†man´nCnCatiPaKticCae®cIn Edlrs'enACYnkalENn Nan'tan'tab'elIK~a CYnkalrs'enA‰eNHx¬H‰eNaHx¬H dac'@BIK~a ehIy mankMritvb∫Fm·…cMNg'cMNUlcit† EdlVnp†l'Eck[nUvlk≈N:s smal' FatuedImrbs'eK . ebIsinCac∫ab'fµIVnp†l'[BiPBelaknUvsnʨHfIµk~¨gkar eKarBdl'buKliklk≈N:Biess´nCnCatiEdlTn'exßayenaH xM∆¨nwgerob rab'enAeBlenH edIm∫ICaCMnYydl'sµartI ´nCnCatitUctactictYcx¬H dUcCa – m"y, esÊøg, m"a …P~g Edlrs'enAtamCMralP~Mtam®BMEdnPaKxageCIg nig TisxagekIt´nEdndIkUsSgsIun . m"¥ageTotshKm´nCatisasnT _ Sg enaH CYnkalrs'enApßge®Bg eday≤tmanlMenABit®Vkd®bCa ( tantôt errantes, tantôt sédentaires ) CYnrs'enAnwgmYykEn¬g˘˘˘ k*BYkenaHGacCatMNagCnCatiEdlVnkan'kab'TwkdI®tg'enaHmuneKEdr edaymancMnYnPaK e®cInrhUtdl'ry:eBlyUrGn¬g'e®kay@mkVnratt∫ateBjelIdI®tg'Jm lycUlk~¨gsmu®T ( le Delta ) . lk≈N:Biessrbs'BYkeK k*kan'EtcuH Gn'fyenAcMeJHmuxCnCatiyYnd*e®cIn´®kElg k*dUcCakarrlayVt'bg' Gs'nUvs~Ël´nCnCaticam EdlVnkekItmuneKenA®tg'PUmiPaK´tnijdUec~aH Edr . k*b"uEn†enAk~¨gext†mat'®CUk ( cUvduk ) eK®bTHeXIjCnCatiC√a nigCn CaticamenAEtrkßaCMenOrbs'eKeTAelIKmIırkUr"g' ( Corant ) ehIyEdlelak Marcel NER Vncg̨lbJÇak'y"ag®twm®tUv enAk~¨gGtƒbTrbs'elakcuHpßayk~¨g®Bwti†b&®tsalaVrSgenAcugbUJ· ( Bulletin de l'Ecole Française d'Extrême Orient ) . e®kABI®kumTSgLayEdlenACab'lab' eKetagerobrab'pgEdrnUv®bCaCnGen†a®bevsn_ dUcCashKm´nBYkG~kkan'sasnamham"at'enATI®kug´®B
CnCatP i aKtc i Exrµ enAEdnks U Sgsn uI
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nKr nigecILWg ( Saigon-Cholon ) EdlenATIenaHBYkeKVnksag®BHvihar BIr (2 mosquées))®BmTSgniKmCnhiNÎË ( BYkkan'sasna®JhµN_ ) nigBYk bU Sikhseedaymanvt†manEp~kvb∫Fm·rbs'eK KW®BHvi harmYykEn¬gCaTIsk˚ar:b Ca (sanctuaires) cMnYn6kEn¬g EdlmanbYnkEn¬gCavihar ®JhµJÔsasna . ®kummYyd*sMxan'eTot e®JHBYkeKkan'kab' nigeFI√skmµk~¨gvis&y esdΩkicç enAelIEdndIkUsSgsIunTSgmUl enaH KW®kumcin EdlmanedImkMeNItecjBI ´hNam, k√agTug …BIh√¨keKon ehIyrs'enA®bmUlpM†¨K~aCashKmedayma nkarcat'Ecgy"ag®twm®tUvlÌNas' KWBYkcinkg'tug BYkcinGakas (Akas)), BYkcin®TIvcUv, BYkcinh√¨keKon nigBYkcin´hNam . eKKYrEtrab'bJçËleTAk~¨ g®kumcinpgEdr nUvkUnecAkat' cin-yYn ( métis sino-annamites ) Edlma ncMnYntictYcs†ÁcesI†gNas' Etk*mancMnYne®cInbgÁrEdrenATI®kugecILWg, mIufr nigsuk®tSg ®BmTSgenAtameq~rQUgsmu®Tesom KWtSgBIhaeTogrhU tdl'TwkexµA (kaem"A ) . ‹ shKmExµrenAkUsSgsIunmancMnYnTSgGs' ®bmaN550,000nak' k~¨gcMnYn®bCaCnsrub4,800,000nak' . ebI®Kan'EteK®keLkemIlP¬am eK seg˚teXIjfa smama®tenHhak'dUcCaenAexßayNas' e®JHfaCakarBit Nas'eTAehIy EdlfakMeNItrbs'®bCaCnyYn EdlenAeBjJsk~¨g e®Cay≤NÎËcinTSgmUl mansPaBekIneLIgCalMdab' . minEtb"ueNˆaHesa t kareFI√Gen†a®bevsns _ MedAeTATisxagt∫Ëg´nCatisasny _ Yn KYrkt'sma l'faCa®Bwti†ehtu®bvti†saÂs†mYyd*fIµefµagesaH . eKmindwgfa etI®tUvrkmeF¥aVyEbbNa[Vnyuti†Fm·x¬Hpg k~¨gkarbnƒyel∫ØnhUrcUl´nCati sasnm _ kBIxageCIgenH . EteKetagcat'Tukfa CasiTiÏrbs'CnCatiPaKtic pgEdr CaBiessCnCatiTSgenaH CatMNag[CnCatisasnm _ Yy EdlEb kecjBIeKd´TeTot ehIyEdleK®tUvEttamBinit¥Geg˚temIl≤tQb'Qr cab'tSgBIstvtßdMbUg@ rhUtmkdl'eBlsB√´f©enH . ®bCaBlrdΩExµr eKCYb®bTHCaBiessenA®tg'e®CaydITen¬FMnigTen¬Vsak' . k~¨gext†®tavijnaq~S1937 man®bCaCnExµrTSgGs'82,000nak'rs' enAy"agkkkuj ehIyEdlyYnman156,000nak' . enAext†suk®tSg smama®trvagCatisasnT _ SgBIrman – 50,000nak'Tl'nig107,000nak' . enAext†Vk'lIv ®bCaBlrdΩExµrmancMnYnEtmYyPaK®VMmYy (1/6)´n®bCaCnyYn . ‰enAk~¨gext†kwgefIvij manEtcMnYnmYyPaKdb'(1/10)b"ueNˆaH .
CnCatP i aKtc i Exrµ enAEdnks U Sgsn uI
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k*b"En†enAext†ra"c'y"a (®kmYns) cMnYn®bCaBlrdΩExµre®kamVnekIneLIgvij esIµnwgmYyPaKbI (1/3) eJlKWmancMnYn65,000nak'Tl'nwg192,000nak'
®BHvihard*®ss'bM®BgxagelIenH KW®BHviharvt† « esrIsuxumsgmmanC& y » ext†X¬Sg .
®BHvihar®sedogK~aenH
siƒtenATUTSgEdndIkmı¨Cae®kamrbs'eyIg .
mancMnYnTSgGs'Cag®VMry ®keLkeXIjvt†eFI√[eyIg
®sk'TwkEP~k®seNaHdl'TwkdIdUntaEdlVt'bg'eTA . Photo: Thach Xé enAext†haeTogEdlCaext†d*tUcman®bCaCnenAticenAeLIyenH cMnYnCn CatiTSgBIrmancMnYn®bhak'®bEhlK~a . cMENkenAext†cUvdukvij Exµrman cMnYn(1/3) mYyPaKbIKW40,000nak' Tl'nwgyYn168,000nak' . ebIsineK ®sg'ykEtlk≈N:T TUeTA e®kABIext†®tavij eKseg˚teXIjfa ®Kan'EtenA PUmiPaKkat'Ten¬Vsak' ( le seul Tranbassac ) b"ueNˆaH shKmExµrmanrhU tdl'eTAdb'®VMmYyPaKry (16%) ´ncMnYnCnCatisrubTSgGs' . enAk~¨gPUmiPaK®tavijnigsuk®tSg G~kEdlmankMeNItenAk~¨g®suk®sa b' ( les autochtones ) VntSglMenACit@K~aENnNan'tan'tab' . k~¨gq~S19
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37 ext†TI1enAk~¨gbN†aext†TSgBIrxagelIenH ®bCaBlrdΩExµrVnrkßaTuk nUvlk≈N:e®cInelIslb' ( la position dominante ) Cagsasnd _ ´TeTot enAk~¨gbN†aPUmiTSghasib (50) nigmancMnYnPaKe®cIn ( la majorité ) enA k~¨gPUmiCag´m∏eTot . BYkeKrs'enACMuvijvt†Garamrbs'BYkeKEdlmancMnYn109vt† nigman®BH sgÙcMnYn1,300Gg . KWvt†TSgGs'enHehIy EdlVnbg˙at'be®gonp¬Ëv Fm·, p¬Ëv®BHBuTÏsasna . enAext†suk®tSg eKrab'eXIjvt†minticCag54vt†eLIy ehIyeKEfrkßa buKliklk≈N:C Catisasn[ _ siƒtenACaExµrCanicç . BYkeKVnEfrkßaTuky"a gmwugm"at'nUvGt†sJÔaNCatitamry: « smaKmGb'rMsIlFm·-dMerHviCÇa nig srIrragkay´nExµrenAkUsSgsIun Association pour la formation morale intellectuelle et physique des Cambogiens de Cochinchine
»
dwknSeday elakLS -‰m . ( k˘G˘b˘b˘ – e®kaymksmaKmenHVnE®b eQµaH Ca mit†smaKmExµrenAkmı¨Cae®kam Amical des Khmers du Kampuchea Krom -A.K.K. ehIysB√´f©manbN†ajenAk~¨g®beTskmı¨Ca, shrdΩ Gaemrik, ®beTsVrSg, kaNada, GUÂs†alI, nUEvlehßLg'˘˘˘ ) . enAPUmiPaKcen¬aHkN†al
kat'edayTen¬Vsak'
PUminanarbs'CnCati
ExµrsiƒtenACMuK~a dUcCaPUmiGUrnigPUmiet~atCaedIm . enAext†r"ac'-y"a ( ext†®kmYns ) PUmiExµrTSgLaysiƒtenAhak'bIdUcCa ekaHB®gayJseBj enAEb"kxageCIgnigEb"kxagt∫Ëg´nTI®bCMuext† . k*b"u En†enAextcUv-dukvij enAtambeN†ayCYrP~M®TItug ( Triton ) PUmiExµrbn†bnÊab' K~ahUrEhkkkuj edayVnrkßaTuky"agmF¥&t nUvTMenomTm¬ab'tSgBIburaN kalerogmk . PUmiExµrx¬HeTot siƒtenA‰eNaHx¬H‰eNaHx¬H ( des éléments sporadiques ) eKrEmg®bTHeXIjenAk~¨gext†L¨g-es√øg, yin-L¨g, twg-Gag nigenATI®kugecI-eLIgpgEdr . cMENkenA‰naybwgkk‰eNaH ( au delà Plaine des Joncs ) eKrEmg®bTHeXIjPUmiExµrelcecjCarUbrageLI g enAeBlEdleKkan'EteTACitdl'®BM®bTl'Edn®beTskmı¨Ca eJlKWenA k~¨gPUmiPaKext†´tnij . ®bCaBlrdΩExµrVneKcecjBIPUmiPaKkN†al dUcCaext†mI-f, ext†ebn E®t …ext†eha-kug ®BmTSgBIGaNaext†TSgLaynaTisbUJ· dUcCaext†V ero k*b"uEn†eKk*enArab'eXIjfa
enAmanCnCatiExµrrab'Jn'nak'pgEdr enAk~¨g
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ext†ebog-va" nigext†FU-y"Uvem"ak ( ExµreyIgehAfa ext†TYltaemak ) Edl CasMNl'cuge®kaybgÌs' ( dernier vestige ) naPUmiPaKxagekIt bnÊab'BI®tU vBYkyYnQ¬anJn®bv&JçykVnmkehIy . eTaHbI®bCaBlrdΩTSgenaHVneKcePosx¬Án ecjeTAkEn¬gd´TVt'eTA ehIyk*eday k*EdndImYyPaKFMrbs'BYkeK enAEtbnßl'TuknUvGnusßavrIy_ d*EsnCUrct' EdlenAEt®tUvVnrkßaTukenAk~¨gb¬g'EpnTI®bvti†saÂs† kMNt' faCa®sukeTsrbs'eKdEdl . eQµaH®suk-PUmi-tMbn'x¬H@ va®Kan'EtEkE®b BIeQµaHedImCaExµrEtb"ueNˆaH . dUcenHehIy VnCaeKgayyl'gaysal' CaTIbMput dUcCa – ext†saEdk ( Sa Dec ) k¬aymkBIJk¥Exµr : pßarEdk ( le marché de fer ) CaedIm˘˘˘. Jk¥ Sôc Trang mkBIJk¥ : ®sukX¬Sg ( le pays des greniers ) . ext†®ta-vij Tra Vinh …ext†®BH®tJMg . ext† Bac Liêu … ext†eJFielI ( Pô-Loeuh : le haut banian ) ( dl'eBle®kaymk ExµrehAk¬ayeTACa : Bllav e®JHmanemT&BCatilavm~ak' VnnSBlerhe_ TA c∫Sgkab'sm¬ab'edjyYnenATIenaH ®tg'tMbn'VP~M (1720) enAe®kayraCes† cC&yeCdΩaTI2 ) . ext† Camau …TwkexµA ( Tuk Khmau ) TwkexµA les eaux noires . ext†mIu-fr My Tho … Mê Sar ( la dame blanche ) mkBIJk¥Exµrfa ext† em-s .l. nig .l.˘˘˘ eQµaHd´TeTotCakarbkE®besµaHEtm†g CaJk¥yYnBIeQµaHedImCaExµr dUec~HehIyVnCaeKeXIjfa ext†ebnE®t Bên Trê - la berge des bambous ( yYn : Bên E®bfacMNt dUcCacMNt…ebnLan, kMBg'q¬g˘˘˘ nigE®t Trê E®bfaedImÚsßI ) k¬aymkBIJk¥Exµrfa : ext†kMBg'ÚsßI . tMbn' Bên Nghê ( Nghê E®bfa®kbI ) la berge des bufflons EdlCaeQµaHedIm´nPUmiPaKtUc mYysiƒtenACayTI®kug´®BnKr˘˘˘ tamry:eQµaHenHeKGacyl'Vny"agga yfa mkBIJk¥Exµr : kMBg'®kbI . m"¥agvijeTot eQµaHBIburMburaNx¬H@eTot eKrkEtemIlminyl' k*b"uEn†eQµaHTSgenaHenAEtVn®bCaBlrdΩykmk e®bICanicç ≤tEdleVHbg'ecalesaHeLIy dUcCaeragdMrI « l'enclos des élé phants » sMrab'sMKal'ext†´t-nij . L¨g-eha « le devin noyé » CaeQµaH ext†vij-L¨gsB√´f© . ext†mat'®CUk « le groin du porc » eTACaext†cUv-duk. ext†®kmYns « la cire blanche » eTACaext†r"ac'-y"a . ext†Jm « Peam » l'embouchure eTACaext†haeTog Hatiên nigCaBiess®kug´®BnKr ( Prei Nokor : du sanskrit Nagara - la ville de la forêt ) sMrab'ehAeQµaHCa Saïgon-
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rUbft®BHviharvt†eJFisalraC ( vt†kMBg' ) Cavt†EdlExµrTUeTAenAk~¨g ext†®BH®tJMg EtgnSK~amkeFI√BiFIbgߨkUlCUnåkj"asWn-Kuy . vt†enH ksagdMNalK~anwgvt†sMerag‰k ( stvtßTI7 ) . manvt†bIeTotEdl mancMNas'dUcK~aKW – vt†xÊwg, vt†ekaH nigvt†eKak . Photo: Thach Xé
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Cholon eJlKWTI®kugenHehIyEdlCaGtitrdΩFanI (bUrI) rbs'Exµr Edl´pÊmY yPaKFMVnlatsnÏwgeTAelIvalp~Ërexµac …valrehazan ( une partie de la Plaine de Tombeaux ) mYyEp~kEdr . dUceKVneXIjrYcmkehIy®sab' J k¥…eQµaH®suk-PUmi-tMbn'TSgLayenaH vamanTMnak'TMngeTAnwgFnFan FmµCati CYneTAnwglk≈N:F FmµCati ehIyCaTUeTAe®cInmann&yc∫as'las' eTotpg Et®tUveKbM´P¬BIeQµaHedIm …lb'ecalbMVt'tagesµaHEtm†g CaBiessedIm∫IsMKal'eQµaHPUminana edayeKerIsyktamJk¥yYn-cinniym ehA edayEcg®Vb'…Ef¬gbJÇak'BIbMNgcg'VnPaBsMbUrsb∫ay, suPm gl …PaBcMerInlUtlas' . kicçkarEp~krdΩVlrbs'eyIgrEmgVnykcit† Tukdak'cab'GarmµNC _ anicç cMeJHeQµaHTSgLayEdleKykmkdak'CMnYs eQµaHedImTSgenaH .
CaBiessenAeBlEdlEp~krdΩVyrbs'eyIgEs√g
rkedImehtuEdlecjmk k~¨gkicçerobcMbg˚begI˚t®bmUlpM†¨eTACaPUmi-XMu- ®su kTSgenaH faGacsMGageTAelIlk≈N:eesdΩkicç …eTAelIkargay®sYl . manCYnkaleQµaHfIµCaPasayYndEdlh~wg va≤tmanTSgn&yeTAeTot ehI yEdlkareVHBumıpßayCabn†bnÊab'nUvEpnTIEdlpßayecj BI®ksYgEpn TIPUmisaÂs† ( Service Géographique ) k*BMuVnTSg®sav®Cavtamdan[Vn c∫as'las'BIkarEkE®bp¬as'b†ËrtamGMeBIcit†edayKµannrNaCMTas'EbbenH ( ces modifications arbitraires ) enAelIviT¥asaÂs†xagelIkb¬g'EpnTI . xM∆¨Vn sal'PUmimYyenAk~¨gext†ra"c'-y"a EdlmaneQµaHedImfa Ban Thach mann&yfa «tufµ» ( table de pierre ) Vnk¬ayeTACa Ban Tân Dinh edayrMlay eQµaHPUmi Ban Thach nigPUmi Tham Dinh cUlK~a EdlGMeNIHteTAeQµaHenH ≤tmann&yGI√Tal'EtesaH . EteQµaHPUmifIµenaHVnTajcit†xM∆¨[cab'GarmµNy _ "agx¬SgBIeQµaHcas' ( eQµaHedImdMbUg ) e®JHvacEm¬kmindUcsB√dg . xM∆¨k*VneTAeFI√TsßnkicçBinit¥dl'TIkEn¬g ehIyEdlkareTAeFI√karGeg˚tBini t¥rbs'xM∆¨enaH vamin≤t®beyaCn‰ _ Na e®JHCaehtuj¨Sg[xM∆¨Vnsal'Ca cugbJçb'fa « tufµ » ( la table de pierre ) minEmneCIgm"aEvgeFI√BIdI®khm ( non pas un banc de latérite ) dUcEdleKVnbJÇak'®Vb'enaH‰Na ? Etva CaX¬SgEdlpʨkeBjeJreTAedaysMbklas-®KMu-x¥g ehIyEdlmanbeN†ayrab'ryEm"®t‰eNaH TukCasMNambJÇak'[dwgfa ®tg'kEn¬genH ehIyCa®cSgeq~rsmu®TkalBImunyUrGn¬g'mkehIy @EdlmanragCakUnP~M BIrekIteLIgBIsMbkx¥g-las-®KMu ragdUcCarbs'erobcMsMrab'e®bI®Vs'k~¨g
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rUbftsalaqTanvt†eTJ√ram ( ´®BCab' ) ext†X¬Sg pÊH layLMedayGMEbgdb, Ekv, epIg, can
Photo: Thach Xé
ehIymanTMnak'TMngeTAnwgkar
enACitVrayN_ ( Ten¬VTI) d*FMeFgenH ( dans cet immense emporium)) Ed lman´pÊ®kLarhUtdl'eTACag400hiktaenaH k*hak'bIdUcCamankarCab' Tak'TgCamYyK~anwgh√Ëg®bCaCn EdledIr®Cktam®beTsnana ( la population cosmopolite ) BIe®JHeKVnrukrkeXIjenAlayLMK~a ®cbUk®cbl'nUv rbs'rbre®bI®Vs'epßg@ EdlbJÇak'BI≤TiÏBl≤NÎËeNsIu, ≤NÎË, mn, ≤NÎa, eGora"nIejøg ´n®beTs®kikCMnan'edIm ®BmTSg®beTsr"UmuSgEfmeTot pg . ebI®bsinCaeKseg˚tBinit¥BIelIGakasmk TsßniyPaBTSgenHcg̨ lbg˙aj[eXIjfa ®bCaBlrdΩTSgenaHykVneCaKC&yCMnHelITwk eda yman®bLaybJçËlTwk…bg˙ËrTwktambMBg' ( drainage )
®BmTSgVnCIk
®bLayE®Bkd*FMsem∫Im EdleKenAEtrukrkeXIjs¬aks~amenAeLIy rht U
CnCatP i aKtc i Exrµ enAEdnks U Sgsn uI
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tdl'eTAtMbn'PUmiPaKEdllicTwkJk'kN†alnavalkk' ( les terres seminoyées de la Plaine des Joncs ) . y"agehacNas'k~¨gry:eeBlCag30q~S cuge®kayenHEdr EdlenAtMbn'PUmiPaKnanatat'tamTen¬Vsak' swgEteJr eBjeTAeday´®Bsµsan†®kas'XµwkFMl√wgelI√y ehIyCnTSgLayNa Ed lVnEvkEjk®tYs®tay ebIkp¬ËvGaNaniKmfIµmuneKbgÌs'mkkan'PUmiPaK enH ®VkdCaVnsarsgCamYyBYkCnEdleBjcit†nwgx¬Án‰gTSgenaH eda yeCOCak'fa manEtBYkeKEdlVnkab'q˚arvatTIk~¨g´®Bd*s†¨knaTIenHmuneK bgÌs' . tamBitman®bCaCnd*e®cInkuHkrVnrs'enATIenHBIedImerogmk elITwkdI ( Jk'kN†alTwk-Jk'kN†aldIeKak ) ehIyeyaleTAelIcm¬ak' kt'®taelIfµEdleK®bTHeXIjnastvsßTI5 ®tg'tMbn'PUmiPaKkN†al´nva lbwgkk'enaH Cakarbg˙ajbJÇak'[eXIjBit®Vkdfa ®tg'tMbn'enHEdl sB√´f©Cavall˙el˙vhYtEhg≤tmanmnusßenAs©at'®CgMuenaH EtkalBIs m&yedIm TI®tg'enH®tUvVnBBYkmnusßykC&yCMnHelItMbn'Pk'l∫b'CadMbU gbgÌs' . xM∆¨Kµankarb"unb"gGI√cg'cg̨lbJÇak'fa enATIenH Ps†¨tagCabn†bnÊa b'®Vb'fa manvt†manCnCatiExµrenAelITwkdIkUsSgsIun BIstvtßmYyeTAs tvtßmYyeTotenaHeLIy . sk≈IPaBPs†¨tagEdl®sav®CavrkVnmkTSg Gm∫almaNtSgBICag10q~Skn¬gmkehIyenaH rhUtmkTl'nwgeBlenH eKeXIjmanrab'ryeTAehIy . enAk~¨g®beTsenH eKVnrukrkeXIjenAta mTIsk˚ar:bUCa kEn¬gBisidΩnUvBMnUkfµek∫Øg EdlCa®KwHsMNl'EdlenAes ssl'enAtamvt†Garamnana rvagstvtßTI6 …®bEhlCamunenHeTAeTot pgk*mindwg enAtamext†x&NÎTSgLay dUcCaenAext†ra"c'y"a, ®tavij, ebnE®t, Cap St. Jacques ehIynigenAvalkk' . rUb®BH®BhµNs _ Mrab'eKarBbU Ca ( les Idoles brahmaniques ) CaBiess®BHk~¨g®BhµJÔsasnamancMnYn e®cInCaGenk ehIyenArayV"y®Kb'TisTI . k*b"uEn†kareKarBbUCacMeJH®BH siv:vij vamankar®cbUk®cbl'K~a eTACamYynwg®BHGaTieTB EdlekItman eLIgenAesIÊr®Kb'TIkEn¬g nigCanimit†rUb´nbUraNPaB´p~kneyaVy . TI®b cMuCnCae®cInVn®tUvksageLIgenAelIdIsN†Ten¬emKg ( le Delta ) dUcCa enA´®BnKr … Saigon-Cholon CaedIm . TI®bCMuCnkMBg'Ep Oc-Eo enA®tg'PUmi PaKkat'Ten¬Vsak' ( le Transbassac )- ®VsaT100El√genA®tg'valbkßabkßI ( la plaine des Oiseaux ) naEb"kxageCIgext†TwkexµA . nastvtßTI 11 GFibety¥PaBExµrVnlatsnÏwgy"agBit®VkdNas' eTAelItMbn'su k
CnCatP i aKtc i Exrµ enAEdnks U Sgsn uI
10
k®TSg enACMuvijkMBg'EpVsak' . BIrstvtße®kaymk skI≈PaBVnbJÇak' y"agc∫as' BIsMNg'mnIÊrB¥aVleraKTSgLayEdlsg'eLIg CaBiess e®kam®BHraCkicçcat'Ecgrbs'®BHmhakß®td*åt†¨gåt†mCageKbgÌs' KW®BH VTC&yvrµ&nTI7 dUcEdleKEtg®bTHeXIjenAk~¨gext†kwg-efI ( ext†E®BkÚ sßI ) . enAcuge®kayeKbgÌs' enAmanerOge®Bgnanarbs'Exµr…rbs'yYn ®BmTSgsMeNrkt'®tarbs'G~kdMeNIr …k*ebskCn ( les missionnaires ) eTot k*rwtEtbJÇak'y"agc∫as'las'fa TwkdI®tg'enH®tUvVnExµr®tYt®takan' kab'CaerogrhUtmk y"agCab'lab'min[Vt'bg'eLIy ( avec persistance ) ehIy®Bwti†karNG _ s'TSgenH ®tUvVnCnCaticam´nnKrcMV"VnbJÇak'Efm eTot enAeBlEdlcamkMBugtva"®bqSgnwgkarQ¬anJnrbs'yYnTSgkI†Gs' sgÙwm . kmı¨CaEdlBIedImCaGFiraCaNac®kmYyd*TUlMTUlay (un immense empire ) k*®tUv®bQmmuxnwgkarEbkVk'CabMENk@nastvtße®kay@erog mk enAcMeJHmuxKU®bECgTSgBIr
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