Final body of internship report

INTRODUCTION Architectural intern is a person who is working professionally in the field of architecture in preparation for registration as an architect. The program prescribes the minimum experience hours required in various activities pertaining to practice in architecture before attaining professional licensure. Internship is a part of the whole course so that the students can achieve practical knowledge with respect to what we have learnt so far during our academic studies.

OBJECTIVES to gain practical knowledge to enhance design in terms of real practice to learn the process to meet clients' needs to understand the effective delegation of work to improve design and understand detailing

ABOUT SKYLiNE ARCHITECTS P. LTD. Skyline Architects is an architectural consultancy at Mid Baneswor, Kathmandu. Skyline Architects was established in year 2068 with an ambition to bring about the best in architectural scenario with a thoughtful and sophisticated combination of traditional disciplines and the modern sensibilities. The firm has relentless passion in meeting the expectation of the society through its commitment to quality, understanding and its imagination, yet safe architecture is on priority.

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ORGANISATION CHART OF SKYLINE ARCHITECTS P. LTD.

Skyline architects has shown its thoughtful and technical skills in diverse scopes of works whether it’s a civic structure, industry, an office building, a residence or recreation centers.

Inspired by the master architects of the yesterdays and using the best in modern techniques, the gifted group of architects at Skyline is committed to excellence. This innovative approach is the reason why Skyline Architects is today known for its imaginative and futuristic architectural designs.

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Availability of technical staff with field of expertise

S.N.

Name

Field of Expertise

Position

1.

PrabinLaghu

Architect

Managing Director

2.

Ezlina Shrestha

Concept Development and visualization

Architect / Design developer

3.

Niranjan Giri

Architectural Design

Architect / property valuator

4.

Surya Bhandari

Civil Engineering

Quantity surveyor

5.

Sunil Dawadi

Civil Engineering

Estimation & Quantity surveyor

6.

Surya Shrestha

Civil Engineering

Quantity Surveyor

7.

8.

9.

Prasun Ghimire Bikas Parajuli Anil Shakya

Civil Engineering Civil Engineering MSC structure engineering

Civil engineer Civil/Site Engineer Structure expert (Steel) [Hired]

10.

Nawa Ratna Maharjan

Structure engineering

Concrete technology [Hired]

11.

Sudeep K.C.

Structure engineering

Concrete technology [Hired]

12.

Arun ManShrestha

Sanitary engineering

Sanitary system

13.

Deepak Kandel

Electrical Engineer

Electrical expert [Hired]

14.

Nabin Ghimire

Site Supervision

Site Supervisor

15.

Om Prakash Jaiswal

Civil/Site Engineer

Civil/Site Engineer

16.

Rupesh Thapa Magar

Working Drawing

CAD Person

17.

Anil Prajapati

IT

IT Expert

18.

Ramila Laghu 3

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GENERAL EXPERIENCE OF THE FIRM The number of projects successfully completed by Skyline Architects P (Ltd.) is provided in the following table.

S.No. A B C D E F G

Buildings Types Residential Buildings Commercial Buildings Institutional Buildings Industrial Buildings Hotel Buildings Corporate Buildings Renovations & Reconstruction

Nos. 120+ 20+ 8+ 10+ 4 2 4

MAJOR PROJECTS Norvic Business School, Lubhu Pathsala Nepal, Nakkhu Kanjirowa National School, Balkumari Donbosco School, Banesswor Nepalgunj Workshop, Nepalgunj Wine factory, sanga CVD and PCD workshops, Itahari Ratnagiri Resorts, Nagarkot Hotel New Royal Palace, Janakpur

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PROJECT 1

COMMERCIAL CUM RESIDENTIAL BUILDING Mr. Prabhu Ram Pradhan, Lamjung 1.1. INTRODUCTION The site is located at Lamjung. The site consists of shed which functions as wood factory at its south. It is approached through 23 feet wide road at its east. The client's requirements defines the building as commercial cum residential.

Fig: EAST APPROACH Fig: Location map

Client's requirements:   

Shops Rental Spaces Apartments

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1.2. INVOLVEMENT  Conceptual Drawings  3d (elevation treatment)  Municipal Drawing



Architectural Drawing (plans, Elevations, Sections, opening schedule) Electrical Drawing Sanitary Drawing Working Drawing Architectural Drawing (plans, Elevations, Sections, opening schedule) Electrical Drawing Sanitary Drawing Opening Schedule and Details

1.3. DESIGN APPROACH The design is as per the purpose of the building which helped itself to appear as modern commercial building. The shape of the building is defined by the site so as to gain maximum merits in terms of space. As the existing physical condition of site, the basement plays as connector of road to the -5'-6" level down existing shed on the southern corner of site. Therefore, a ramp is provided for the direct access of vehicles to the existing shed in basement with shutters supporting commercialized space. The ground floor is set up with the services of shutter shops along with powder rooms and means of vertical connectors. First and second floor share same plans for rental space. Top floor plans two apartments consisting 3 bedrooms.

Fig: Exterior front view

BYELAWS    

21m setback from centre of the road for the future road expansion 5' side setbacks Building height Limit: 50' Ground Coverage: 70% 6

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1.4. PROCESS The final floor plans followed many options to meet the requirements and appropriate spaces. Basement and Ground floors get revised with addition of washrooms. Similarly, Top floor plans for apartments, each with 3 bedrooms, kitchen/dining and a living room. The plans were worked out in order to gain maximum functional spaces. It is marked by the arrival of a lounge which provides access to the kitchen/dinning and the bedrooms. Each apartment serves a common bathroom and an attached bathroom to master bedroom.

PHASE 1: Apartment, third floor plan

PHASE 2 : Apartment, third floor plan

PHASE 3: Final third floor plan 7

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PHASE 1: Alternate Balconies on south and a long C slab to enhance south facade.

PHASE 2: Openings on same line in order to maintain harmony.

Balconies added for thermal storage at south facade. Whereas, at west facade projections worked as design element.

ELEVATION TREATMENTS: The region in which the building is to be constructed played a pivotal role in the requirements as such openings and balconies in the plan. Therefore the plan guided the elevations in which different alternatives were provided. The one which is economic and effective was finalized.

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1.5. ELECTRICAL LAYOUTS Installing a safe electrical system begins with a wellplanned electrical drawing. Construction projects require work drawings and specifications to guide electricians in installing electrical equipment.

Besides being a customer requirement, these plans and drawings provide specific instruction to electricians. Standard symbols and lines are used to represent the different types of material, raceways, conduits, and circuit connections. Reading and interpreting these drawings accurately is therefore an important skill for electricians.

The electrical layout for the building is done so as to provide sufficient lightings as desired and to main the thermal comfort. 5A power sockets are provided in every room and 15A power sockets are provided near AC points, in kitchen and according to the purpose of the room. Smoke Detectors are placed on areas which possibly cause fire as kitchen and on escape routes such as staircases and narrow passages. Exhaust fans are used in bathrooms and kitchen to

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1.6. SANITARY LAYOUTS The building sewer is that part of the horizontal piping of a drainage system which extends from the end of the building drain and which receives the discharge of the building drain and conveys it to a public sewer, private sewer, individual sewage disposal system, or other point of disposal. The proper planning of fixtures to prevent the problems of drain is important. Therefore, sanitary drawings are done to install the fixtures and pipelines throughout the building which is a part of working drawing.

It was done by planning out the ducts in which pipes were to be connected to the man hole. Two types of pipes: 3" waste pipe and 4" soil pipe are used which are laid on the slab raising 6" in bathrooms.

The soil and waste pipes are laid so that they don't intersect. These pipes are bent at 45 degree for the continuous flow of liquid waste.

Similarly, hot and cold water pipelines were laid. The size of pipes varied with the number of fixtures connected to a vertical pipe as shown below.

No. of fixtures

Pipe thickness

1

15mm

1 to 5 6 to 10

20mm 25mm

10 to 14

32mm

15 and above

40mm

Fig: Sanitary Drawing

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A

1.7.

CHIEVEMENTS       

Knowledge of Requirements and criteria of municipal drawings Idea of commercial planning Upward beam, facia, down slab Sanitary drawings: details of soil, waste and water pipelines, tile layouts Electrical drawings: Knowledge of electrical fixtures, their use and drawing Details of basement shear wall and ramps Process: conceptual to working drawings details

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PROJECT 2

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING Mr. Dipesh Lamichane

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2.1. INTRODUCTION The site is located at Saibu, lalitpur .

2.2. INVOLVEMENT  Municipal Drawing



Architectural Drawing (plans, Elevations, Sections, opening schedule) Electrical Drawing Sanitary Drawing Working Drawing Architectural Drawing (plans, Elevations, Sections, opening schedule) Electrical Drawing Sanitary Drawing Opening Schedule and Details

2.3. DESIGN APPROACH The residence is for MBA student and designed in contemporary style to meet the requirements of the client. The ground floor is planned for dual purpose. It plans for car porch and an apartment which can be used as rental space as it has separate access. First and top floor is thus planned for the owner residential purpose. The spaces like activity room: to play pool and semi open space: pergola are provided considering the client's interests. Cubicle spaces are created by the cuboids which acts as design elements.

Fig: 3d view of exterior 13

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2.4. BYELAWS    

Ground coverage: 70% FAR: 1.75 ROW: 6'-6" from centre of road Setback: 5'-0"

2.5. PROCESS Municipal drawings were completed following the byelaws. Detailed drawing done thereafter. Since the residence consists of car porch, Down beam is provided below the porch. The detailed drawings involved the construction techniques in the form of sections which are shown in the given figures. Techniques like down slab, RCC bands are used to meet the desired elevation treatment.

Fig: Down Beam details

Sliding door leading to balcony is placed after raising 9" from the floor level to prevent dampness which may flow directly through the balcony level. Therefore, the level difference is maintained. Similar is the case in the main entrance. The plinth level is raised 6" from the car porch level. The opening details are prepared as per the opening schedule.

Fig: Section Details Fig: Opening Detail

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2.6.

A

CHIEVEMENTS     

Better idea on municipal drawing, requirements according to the area of the building.

General concept development on possibility of planning for residence Construction techniques to meet the desired elevation Improvement on sanitary drawings Improvement on AutoCAD

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PROJECT 3

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING Mr. Rameswor Shrestha, Lubhu

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3.1. INTRODUCTION The site is located in Lubhu, Lalitpur. The client, Mr. Rameswor desired a residential unit at this site. The design incorporates the balconies and long projections giving building a residential essence.

3.2. INVOLVEMENTS 

Conceptual Drawing

 Municipal Drawing



Architectural Drawing (plans, Elevations, Sections, opening schedule) Electrical Drawing Sanitary Drawing Working Drawing Architectural Drawing (plans, Elevations, Sections, opening schedule) Electrical Drawing Sanitary Drawing Opening Schedule and Details 17

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3.3. BYELAWS    

Ground coverage: 70% FAR: 1.75 ROW: 21'-3" from centre of road Setback: 5'-0"

3.4. DESIGN APPROACH The design is for single detached family. The building is raised 2'-0" above the existing ground level preventing problem of level difference due to future road expansion. The ground floor is welcomed with a big Living room and Kitchen/ dining nearby. Ground floor consists of semi public spaces like living room and guest bedroom. The first floor plans for private spaces like bedroom for the family members and the top floor plans for Puja room and terrace. Every bedroom is provided cubicle space by protruding the elevation of the building. The exterior of the building is contemporary. The use of different materials as granite, stone bricks and timber claddings helped to beautify the appearance of the residence.

3.5. PROCESS Since the site is sufficient enough for a single family residence. There was no problem of sizes of the room within the building. The position of staircase cause the addition of opening for the purpose of lighting. The two columns of ground floor were not continued on the upper floors.

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SANITARY DRAWINGS Since there was no provision of internal duct for the vertical pipelines, the external duct is use. Therefore, all the pipelines are connected to a single duct in order to prevent haphazard pipes on facade. This was completed by many bends using 45-bend and Y-shaped connectors as shown in the given figure.

The supply system of hot and cold water is placed on the top terrace to maintain the required velocity. Generally, a residence is provided a 1000 liters capacity water storage tank which is sufficient for the daily use on the basis that a person consumes 50 liters per day.

Fig: Types of waste and soil connectors laid 19

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3.6.

A

CHIEVEMENTS     

Better idea on Residential planning Use of different materials to break the monochrome Pipelines laying idea on site Improvement on electrical and sanitary drawings Idea of Requirements of Lalitpur Municipal

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PROJECT 4

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING Mr. Krishna Shrestha, New Baneswoor

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4.1. INTRODUCTION The site is located at Mid Baneswor on the way to KMC ward no. 10. The clients are Earthquake victims of April, 2015. The residence was to be designed in the simple way to fulfill the need of shelter in short period.

4.2. INVOLVEMENT  Electrical Drawing  Sanitary Drawing  Structural Drawing 4.3. BYELAWS    

Ground coverage: 70% FAR: 1.75 ROW: 10'-3" from centre of road Setback: 5'-0"

4.4. PROCESS The building covers maximum area of the site, attached to the adjacent land. Thus, no footing is general footing type. Every column of the building is provided eccentric footing due to limitation of site. Double tie beams are suggested to stiffen the foundation of the building. The footing size of 5'-0" is planned for the column of size 1'-0"X 1'-0".

Fig: Footing Details 22

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Column: In every column, we define areas with high ductility demand (when earthquake loads are applied) which are called critical, areas with lower ductility, called non critical and the joint area (i.e. common area between column and concurrent current). The joint area is provided stirrups with closed spacing. Generally 12mm and 16 mm dia. rebars are used for column. The size of column decreases with the number of floors. As the whole load of the building is transferred to the base column, The foundation column and ground floor column are heavier than upper ones.

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Fig: Beam Rebars

Beam: Beam is Horizontal Structural member and it may be fixed, continuous and cantilever. This residence contains fix and continuous beam only. Two bars are run as through bars at both up and down. Extra bars are provided where the tension occurs as shown in figure below. The extra bars are provided at junctions and mid span where the beam faces maximum bending moment.

Stirrups are used to carry diagonal stresses caused by shear.

Slab: Slab is similar to beam. The longitudinal bars are placed in order to resist the flexural tensile stresses that appear along the axis.

Fig: Slab Section 24

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4.5.

A

CHIEVEMENTS     

Knowledge of Structural Drawing Details Idea of general reinforcement requirements for residential building better ideas of types of column, beams and foundation.

General ideas on the critical points of the structural members due to seismic loads things learnt and ideas of purpose of the members in a building

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PROJECT 5

CAFE Libali Cafe, Bhaktapur

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5.1. INTRODUCTION The site is located at bhaktapur which plans for a cafe. The client wanted an interior design for this Libali cafe.

5.2. INVOLVEMENT Interior design    

Counter Wall Ceiling Seating

Fig: Plan of Libali Cafe 27

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5.3.DESIGN PROCESS Starting the design with the furniture for the dining and for counter, the process passed through many options to reach the desired one. To meet the required level of design, I studied many references and some case studies.

The clients requirements are area for photos and paintings, seating, counter.

One of the case study was the Crystal Cafe located at Sankhamul. This cafe featured the used of texture paints, Dark ceiling, timber partitions and different types of lighting systems.

Things achieved through case study

Fig: Dark Ceiling with hanging lights

Dark ceilings: The main purpose of painting the ceiling dark is to hide the ducts and service line. Use of false ceiling in cafe and restaurant cause unhygienic because of mice within the gap between ceiling and suspended ceiling.

Therefore black paints are used to maintain hygiene.

Hanging Lights: To concentrate light on the dining table apart from the mess in the ceiling.

Fig: Texture paints and timber elements on wall

Fig: Timber partitions and level zoning 28

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Fig: Phase 1: Counter Design

The counter was provided necessary elements to serve the whole cafe. The timber false ceiling is given to enhance the counter with the chandelier.

The lounge area is separated with the partition to separate tits zone and a separate false ceiling is designed. The lighting options were played as shown in figure below.

Fig: Final Counter Design

Fig: False ceiling and lighting option for lounge area

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WALL DESIGN

Fig: Phase 1: Center clock surrounded by photo frames and paintings showing traditional Bhaktapur city

Fig: Phase 2: use of timber and hanging lamp shades in order to enhance seating space.

Fig: Phase 3: Final 30

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5.4.

A

CHIEVEMENTS    

Idea of Interior of restaurant, cafe through case study and consultations 3d practice ideas of color balance knowledge on Sketch up, its material and rendering

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PROJECT 6

HOTEL Prem Pradhananga, Thamel

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6.1. INTRODUCTION The site is located at Thamel. The client desires to make a small hotel for tourists night stay.

6.2. INVOLVEMENT  Conceptual Drawings  Municipal Drawing



Architectural Drawing (plans, Elevations, Sections, opening schedule) Electrical Drawing Sanitary Drawing Working Drawing Architectural Drawing (plans, Elevations, Sections, opening schedule) Electrical Drawing Sanitary Drawing Opening Schedule and Details ( Both RCC and steel structure)

6.3. DESIGN PROCESS The project started with a conceptual drawing as RCC structure. The municipal and working drawings were done as per the discussed design. But due to some reasons, the client decided to build an steel structure of RCC. The drawings were revised in steel structure keeping the plans and design as previous.

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RCC : The regular 9" thick wall on external faces and 4.5" thick inner walls are used. Columns of 12"X12" are used.

Steel: The pillars with the base plate designed by the structure engineers are used in the plan. The external and internal walls are 3" gypsum board or cement board. The slabs and columns are prefab. The main advantage of steel structure is building is built faster. The use of 3" thick wall resulted wider rooms with increasing flexibility. The staircase are used of metal.

Fig: First floor plan in RCC structure

The Hotel building is two storied. The design is based on courtyard system. The ground floor plans for vehicle entrance with 10' wide gate entrance, Reception area in the courtyard and rooms thereafter. The first floor contains the bedrooms and bathrooms. The courtyard acts as the light void in the first floor. The top floor consists of Hall with two way roof truss.

Fig: steel structure 34

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The structural members are steel sections which are arranged in the site by nut and bolts or welding. Generally, ISMB200 are used for column. 125mm thick pre-stress concrete slab of 600mmX600mm can be used or concrete can be laid as in RCC structure. Floor finish can be provided as desired. It is light and stable structure compared to RCC structure. Mostly this is used for fast construction and to low the building construction cost.

Given figure shows the section details which clarifies the members used in the construction. The foundation is similar up to DPC level and the prefab column sections are attached to the RCC footing with gusset plate and bolting. Above which the other members are arranged as per the plan.

Fig: Section ANJU MAHARJAN (69005)

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To meet the designed elevation, different claddings are used.

The struts as shown in the elevation below are constructed on the gypsum boards using pipes, base plate and battens.

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6.4.

A

CHIEVEMENTS    

Knowledge on design possibility of steel method technology of steel structure.

Components used Better Idea of detail Drawings

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PROJECT 7

EDUCATIONAL BUILDING Machhapuchre School, Kusunti

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7.1. INTRODUCTION

Existing Block Block A Block B

The site is located at Kusunti, Lalitpur. The project is the expansion of the existing school blocks.

7.2. INVOLVEMENT Fig: Site plan

7.3. DESIGN

  

Conceptual Drawing 3d of Primary Block Render

The project in the initial phase consists of two blocks: primary and secondary blocks. The secondary block( Block A) is of three storied, ground floor plans for teachers room and classrooms for lower secondary levels, first floor plans for Higher secondary level and top floor plans hall and canteen. This floor is the level of entrance of the school, therefore the terrace of top floor acts as the platform after the entrance.

Primary block (Block B)is separated from the crowd of entrance, using the existing contour.

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BLOCK A: SECONDARY BLOCK (Conceptual plans)

Fig: Ground Floor Plan

Fig: First Floor Plan

Fig: Top Floor Plan 40

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BLOCK B: The primary block has transformed from the initial due the client's desire to build an economic building. Circular planning of primary block modified to rectangular planning with semi open passage viewing the playground. Since the site consists of trees and contour, The existing tree is used in the design as shown in figure below.

Fig: Primary Block Plan(Phase 1)

Fig: Primary Block Plan(Phase 2)

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RENDERED 3D VIEWS

Fig: View from south corridor

Fig: View from north corner 42

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Fig: 3d View

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PROJECT 8

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING Mr. Shankar Shrestha

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8.1. INTRODUCTION The site is located at Baneswor, where the client desires to build a residence. The site is accessed through road at its west with a dead end at its south.

8.2. BYELAWS    

Ground Coverage: 70% FAR: 1.75 ROW: 2m from the centre of road Setback: 1.5m

8.3. INVOLVEMENT 

Conceptual Drawing

 Municipal Drawing



Architectural Drawing (plans, Elevations, Sections, opening schedule) Electrical Drawing Sanitary Drawing Working Drawing Architectural Drawing (plans, Elevations, Sections, opening schedule) Electrical Drawing Sanitary Drawing Opening Schedule and Details 45

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8.4. DESIGN PROCESS The design and planning of this residence slightly differs than previous. The building is three storied: ground floor plans a car porch, guest bedroom and guards bedroom; first floor consists of formal and informal living rooms and kitchen/ dining; the second and top terrace plans for bedrooms for the family members.

The bathroom on the second floor lies in the front facade which is ventilated by 2' long horizontal opening balancing with adjacent vertical design members.

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8.5.

A

CHIEVEMENTS    

Better knowledge of Working drawings Clear ideas of requirements of different municipal drawings Enough knowledge on residential planning and design Better knowledge of sanitary drawings even in most complicated conditions

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NOBEL ACADEMY

PROJECT 9

New Baneswor

9.1. INTRODUCTION The site of is located at New Baneswor which consists of existing nobel school and Academy. The project was to design Administration Block and +2 Block for the Nobel Academy. The academy complex is accessed with two entrances at its east and its south. The site for the administration block lies at the south entrance which is currently used as admin parking.

9.2. INVOLVEMENT     

Site measurement Conceptual plans Presentation Interior 3ds Render

9.3. DESIGN The existing site is approached through 12' wide road from south. Since, this is the passage for entrance of the academy, the staircase of 11' wide is designed from the upper road leading to the lower existing academy.

The shape of the building is as per the site so as to gain maximum merits of coverage. Ground floor is thus planned providing reception, vip lounge, admin room and required staircase. Using the existing level differences between the road and existing academy ground level, design results two semi basements. The first semi basement plans for sports activity while the second basement plans for account section and other admin spaces. The first floor plans spaces for meeting, principal and executives.

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RENDERED PLANS OF NOBEL ACADEMY

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9.4. INTERIOR OF NOBEL ACADEMY

The another Block of +2 is designed to expand the inadequate spaces for the students.

The lower floors plan for the classes of students whereas the top floor plans for the lab spaces required for higher education practical.

Each lab required spaces for maximum 28 students to perform their practical works.

According to the requirements, the floor plans for four labs: physics, chemistry, zoology and biology respectively. The final plan for the position of these labs are shown in the given plan below.

Fig: Floor plan ANJU MAHARJAN (69005)

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9.5. PHYSICS LAB

Physics Lab consists of five tables. Five to six students per table to perform their experiments. Dark room for the instruments is also provided. Examining spaces for two teachers is planned along with demonstration area.

The table on which practicals are designed in such a way that it has storage space in itself with transparent shells and marble finish n top

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9.6. CHEMISTRY LAB

The table on which practicals are designed with a special kind of basin which can be used by four students during their experiments. the open shelves for the chemicals, test tubes and flasks is designed.

The table on which practicals are designed in such a way that it has storage space in itself for the bags and books of students and marble finish n top.

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9.7. ZOOLOGY LAB

The planning of zoology lab is done in such a way that the experiments and practical are done on the periphery and theoretical discussion at the middle. The shelves are provided above the working level to collect and display samples and specimens

The teachers furniture is located in front of the entry which is planned to control the movement and discipline in the lab.

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9.8. BOTANY LAB

Botany lab is planned for practical purpose so the furniture are simple with less storage spaces

Hanging Shelves are provided to display collected plants and specimens. Circular small high tools are provided for the ease of practical.

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9.9.

A

CHIEVEMENTS    

Knowledge on Educational Buildings Design Interior of college labs Ideas about furniture design Better Idea of 3d modeling and rendering.

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PROJECT 10

BEDROOM DESIGN 10.1. INTRODUCTION

Clients name: Suraj ji Location: Banepa Design: Daughter Bedroom BATHROOM 6'-3"X 9'-0" The bedroom of size 12'-9"X14'-6" with attached bathroom of 6'-3"X9'0" is located at second floor of the building. I was assigned to design interior of bedroom for the client's daughter, studying abroad. Main challenge during this design was to meet the standard living of the client keeping it simple. Use of monochrome colors, furniture designs, lights and texture are the things I considered during the process. While several modifications occurred after every meeting with the client.

BEDROOM 12'-9"X 14'-6"

BALCONY CLOSET 6'-7"X 5'-10"

Fig: Designed Bedroom plan

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10.2.DESIGN PROCESS

Phase 1: Blank wall containing sliding door

Phase 2: Addition of Niches to display soft toys and souvenirs covering the column protruding outside of wall.

Phase 2 : Couch and change in the television furniture set.

Phase 1 : Television Furniture set design on the Wall in front of bed.

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Phase 3 : Couch replaced by Dressing Table with addition of false wall

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10.3. FINAL RENDERED VIEWS

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PROJECT 11

11.1. INTRODUCTION Clients name: Sangita Ghimire Location: Sanepa Design: Kitchen/ Dining

11.2. INVOLVEMENT    

KITCHEN DESIGN

Cabinet Design Color Combination Tile Laying Shelve Design

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11.3. TILE LAYING

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11.4. CABINET DESIGN

PHASE 1

PHASE 2

PHASE 3: Final 61

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11.5. SHELVES DESIGN

PHASE 2

PHASE 1

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11.6.

CHIEVEMENTS  Knowledge on importance of color balance  Standards of furniture  Sizes of tiles used in kitchen

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MUNICIPAL DRAWINGS 12. NIRAJ BAJRACHARYA, COMMERCIAL CUM RESIDENCE 13. RABINDRA PHOJU, RESIDENCE 14. SKYLINE OFFICE, OFFICE CUM RESIDENCE

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PROJECT 12

COMMERCIAL CUM RESIDENTIAL BUILDING Niraj Bajracharya, Sankhamul

12.1. INTRODUCTION It is located at Sankhamul with 13'-2" wide road at east. The Site is trapezoidal shape and the client desires to build a commercial building on this site.

12.2. INVOLVEMENT  Conceptual Drawing  Municipal Drawing 12.3. BYELAWS 12.3. DESIGN The ground and first floor is planned with commercialized spaces like shops and upper floor plans for residential spaces like bedrooms.

   

Ground Coverage: 70% FAR: 1.75 ROW: 18'-0" from the centre of road Setback: 1.5m

In order to separate the two spaces the first floor is approached through external vertical connector.

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PROJECT 13

RESIDENCE BUILDING Rabindra Phoju, Bhaktapur 13.1. INTRODUCTION It is located at Sankhamul with 13'-2" wide road at east. The Site is trapezoidal shape and the client desires to build a commercial building on this site.

13.2. INVOLVEMENT  Conceptual Drawing  Municipal Drawing 13.3. DESIGN This design consists of Basement following the existing contour on site. The basement is accessed through external steps from the road level. The ground floor plans living room and basement plans for kitchen/ dining. The upper floor plans for private spaces like bedrooms and bathrooms.

13.4. BYELAWS    

Ground Coverage: 70% FAR: 1.75 ROW: 16'-0" from the centre of road Setback: 1.5m

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PROJECT 13

OFFICE CUM RESIDENTIAL BUILDING 14.1. INTRODUCTION

Skyline Office

It is located at Laakhechaur Marg, Mid Baneswor with 4'-0" wide road at east. The Site is trapezoidal shape and the client desires to build a commercial building on this site.

14.2. INVOLVEMENT  Municipal Drawing  Rendering  Site Supervision 14.3. DESIGN This design consists of ground floor with car porch, Staff rooms; first floor plans for MD's room, Studio; Second floor plans for residence spaces.

14.4. BYELAWS    

Ground Coverage: 70% FAR: 1.75 ROW: 3'-3" from the centre of road

Fig: North east view

Setback: 1.5m

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South east view: RENDERED 3d

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SITE VISIT The purpose of the site visit was simple – we needed to understand and visualize the theory taught in class and the drawings we draft. The site visit would allow us to have a hand on review and a clear understanding on constructing. From the site visit I tried my best to get the knowledge regarding the method of construction. It also widened my knowledge about reinforcement bars and how they are laid and tied. I got opportunity to observe from the zero level of work at site.

Location: Lakhechaur marg, Mid Baneswor Building type: Office cum residential Client: Prabin Laghu Observation period: 2 months Observed Works: Excavation, Footing, strap beam, toe wall, tie beam, staircase, water tank, slab and pillars construction.

The site was manually excavated by labors for to establish sub structure of the building. Isolated footing required 5'-6" and 6' wide trenches. The strap beams were used in order to enhance the foundation of the building connecting all the footings. The process is followed by toe wall construction on strap beam and tie beam above the wall.

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CHIEVEMENTS  Clear cover to reinforcement are as follows : Footing : 50 mm, Column : 40 mm, Beam : 25 mm, Slab : 20 mm  Lap length equivalent to Development Length (Ld) is provided to all splicing of re-bar. Development Length is taken 56 times dia. of rebar for M20 grade concrete and Fe-500 grade steel.  Plumbing slots, holes around pipes, ducts or other items which pass through concrete slab or wall shall be filled and patched to the same depth as the slab or wall.  Confining stirrup in beam - column junction shall be provided in 'd' portion at the spacing indicated where 'd' is the effective beam depth. However, if beams are connected on all the four directions of the columns the spacing should be doubled. In case of difficulty in providing closed stirrups, U - shaped ties may be provided.  Method of earth compaction by moisturizing the dry earth.  the process of decreasing size of pillars on upper floors and reinforcements details.  importance of extra bars

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FALSE CEILING False ceiling (suspended ceiling) is used to conceal varied service lines, structural features, open pipes, wiring and air conducting ducts. It gives more options of special lighting systems such as cove lighting, wall washers, floating effects and so on. Suspended ceilings earlier developed to offer acoustic balance in a room. Very basic and economic cost of false ceiling comes out to Rs. 150 to Rs. 200 per square ft. If added some creative designs, material quality cost goes up. Plaster of Paris is being used since long time. Since last few years, Gypsum boards are used.

SITE VISITS

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INSTALLATION SEQUENCE

a) Marking and drilling in primary ceiling. b) fix the perimeter angle section to the walls at the desired levels. c) Suspend the intermediate c channel from the ceiling at the desired height with soffit cleat.( soffit cleat spacing=1200mm, intermediate channel spacing=450/600mm) d) Suspend the main frame ceiling section from the intermediate section with connecting clips at 600mm c/c. e) Screw the panel onto the frame work. f)

the electric cables and service ducts ore laid as per design before panels are screwed.

g) For final finishing panel can be painted or polished.

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CHIEVEMENTS    

Ideas of types of materials and process used in the construction of interior design Concepts of false ceiling as per the purpose of the room Minimum 3" space is provided for the ease of fixing light systems Finishing Techniques of ceiling boards. Two boards are sealed with the joint tape and then with finishing coat of Plaster of Paris.  Lighting fixtures, egress lighting, speakers, air terminals or mechanical services weighing up to 56 pounds can be supported by suspended ceiling.

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PROJECT 15

HOTEL

15.1. INTRODUCTION The Project is Revised Drawing of Hotel Building At Janakpur.

New Royal Palce, Janakpur

15.2. INVOLVEMENT  

Architectural Drawing Rendering Block C: Office Block

Block A : New Block

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`15.3. DESIGN The site consists of an existing Building at its south and the design is provided with the renovation on the elevation treatment to the existing one. The entrance and exit to the Hotel is through two gates respectively above which the office block is raised on Pilotis, forming gateway. Then, surface parking for vehicles are designed adjacent to the Landscape element straight after the entry.

Fig: VIEW FROM ENTRANCE

Block B : Existing Block

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TWO BLOCKS

Block A

Block A Plans for the spaces like restaurant, multipurpose hall and hotel rooms. Ground floor plans for restaurant with its service area and semi open passage leading to block B and upper floors. First floor consist of a multipurpose hall with two seminar halls. The first floor is approached by external staircase near to the entrance.

Whereas the upper floors of block A is approached through the staircase of block B and a lift. Therefore, Block A is connected with slabs which acts as lobby in front of the lift and staircase. The upper floors contains bedrooms with attached bathrooms

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The topmost floor of block A plans for VIP guests/ ministries. The floor contains two identical layout. A layout set ups a bedroom for main guest, attached bathroom, a lounge room and a bedroom for armed security guard. The two bedrooms are connected with a lounge room.

Fig: LANDSCAPE

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PROJECT 16

EDUCATIONAL BUILDING 16.1. INTRODUCTION

Mr.Naresh Harjani, Putalisadak

It is located at Putalisadak, Kathmandu. It is a building for the preparation classes 16.2. INVOLVEMENT  Conceptual Drawing 16.3. DESIGN The design is a high rise building. The ground is set up with commercialized spaces like shutters, first floor plans for lecture rooms and administration. The second floor plans for 7 lecture rooms with 130 to 150 students per room. The third floor follows the same plan of second. The fourth floor is apartment floor for the foreign teachers and professors.

Fourth floor is divided into two parts, for foreign teacher and for teacher of the valley. foreign teacher quarter consists of large rectangular table tennis court with landscape. Each room is provided an attached Bathroom and a Pantry. The top floor plans for multipurpose hall. The building is provided two vertical connectors lift, and staircase.

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PROJECT 17

17.1. INTRODUCTION

WAREHOUSE Gorkha lahari pvt. ltd.

It is located at Hetauda. The project is for the warehouse of Gorkha lahari pvt. ltd.

17.2. INVOLVEMENT ï‚· Conceptual Drawing

17.3. DESIGN The design is for the warehouse of a cigarette factory. The warehouse is designed used two way roof truss covering seven wide bays. The shutters with ramps are provided for the loading and unloading purposes.

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PROJECT 18

HYDRO OFFICE Mr. Shyamji, Old Baneswor

18.1. INTRODUCTION It is located at Old Baaneswor . The project is for the interior design of a Hydro Office in load bearing building.

18.2. INVOLVEMENT  Site Measurement  3D Furniture Layout  Meetings 18.3. PROCESS The internal measurement were taken with measuring tapes. The measured drawing was prepared and the internal planning was presented to the client. The plans were revised after client dealing. Then, 3ds, renders were prepared and discuss and finalized.

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Fig: Aerial View of Internal Layout

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CONCLUSION Practicum is the answer to all those practical limitations and solutions. The real live projects demand regular discussion with the client and the other allied professionals. The monitorial constraints limits the design, the problems that arise in the site may again demand changes in the design so a technically sound site analysis is the must. The profound use of materials and labors and the way to deal with the clients and the way to work with the laborers are the opportunities that make the design into a practical design, and practicum is what teaches us all these facts Practicum is what turns all our academic knowledge and learning into the practical knowledge and experience. I had lots of opportunity to learn from the architects of the firm I joined, the design philosophy, design parameters, creative design ideas, ways to deal with the clients and contractors, laborers and so on. The site observations and supervision of construction site refined and sharpened my skills and creativity. The layman laborers rarely know to read the construction drawings so to console them in their own language is really challenging. So, one of the most invincible aspect of my practicum was working and dealing in the site.

Practicum is the period to plunge ourselves in the practically good and implement able ideas. The more we get into challenges of facing problems and we keep ourselves occupied in the practical designs we broaden the horizon of our knowledge and be better demanding architects.

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THANK YOU

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