Sustainability MAGAZINE
By Anna Bengtsson 3rd year Interior Architect
Content
4
Climate Change Report
16 20 32 49 2
Sustainability
Unitè d’habitation Analyse
Social Sustainability Essay
24
Energy Efficiency
38
Rating Systems
Essay and analyse
Biophilia Essay
LEED, Green Globes and Green Star
Recycled materials Material research
April 2020
3
What is Sustainability?
I
t means: meeting our present needs
• Healthcare – Sustainability and healthcare are
without compromising the ability of
in a complex way related, since the quality of
future generations to meet their own
our environment affects public health. For ex-
needs. Why do we need it?:
ample, many health issues are directly related to air and water quality.
• Environmental Quality – In order to have
(Bauman, S. WHAT IS SUSTAINABILITY?. Retrieved from
a healthy planet, we need clean air, natural
https://www.unthsc.edu/operations/wp-content/uploads/
resources, and a nontoxic environment.
sites/24/Sustainability_Summary_Half_Page_better_pic_1_. pdf )
• Growth - The earth continues to grow, so we require more resources such as energy, water, and space. Sustainability aims to use our resources efficiently to benefit our planet.
Climate Change 4
Sustainability
April 2020
5
Sustainability
S
ocial Development People are only interested in sustainability if they are educated about it, and if its overall importance is
effectively communicated. Furthermore, hu-
E
conomic Development Perhaps one of the more controversial of sustainability’s elements, due in part to the fact that economic
success is a rather subjective concept, economic
man well-being and the well-being of society
development is nonetheless important for sev-
is part and parcel of what sustainability stands
eral reasons. First, sustainability without eco-
for. Ensuring that human beings have access
nomic development simply cannot succeed—in
to basic resources, that their health is being
order to convince individuals, communities,
protected, and that they enjoy a good quality
and organizations to invest their resources in
of life within a sustainable environment is
sustainability, there must be incentives above
critical.
and beyond the long-term advantages. Second, as described above, social development is also an important aspect of sustainability—and social development requires (among many other things) economic resources as well. (H, M. (2016, January 7). Why is Sustainability Important?. Retrieved from https://www.permaculturenews. org/2016/01/07/why-is-sustainability-important)
“I go around and love to be outside from my own box.”
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Sustainability
April 2020
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How does it affect us?
What Is Climate Change? Climate change exacerbates the frequency
A 2015 Citibank report estimated the world-
and intensity of natural disasters, disease
wide cost of keeping temperatures down with
outbreaks, and human crises such as pov-
2 degrees would be $190.2 trillion while the
erty, famine, mass migration, and war. And
price of inaction would be $192 trillion. What
if humanity does not sharply reduce CO2
fair-minded individual wouldn’t rather save
emissions, by the end of the century the
$1.8 trillion, and civilization in the bargain?
chances of an extinction-level event could
(CRAMER, N. (2017, October 4). Home > Design > Editorial >
be 1 in 20.
The Climate Is Changing. So Must Architecture. EDITORIAL Posted on: October 04, 2017 11 CLIMATE CHANGE The
Climate change is causing sea levels and
Climate Is Changing. So Must Architecture.. Retrieved from
temperatures to rise, expanding hurricane
https://www.architectmagazine.com/design/editorial/the-cli-
strength, range, and duration. At press
mate-is-changing-so-must-architecture_o)
time, the 3.4 million residents of Puerto Rico remained without power and with limited access to clean water in the wake of Hurricane Maria
Each of the past three years has successively been the hottest on record, and across the planet new local records are being set with astonishing frequency. Climate change denial is clearly lousy for business, unless you’re in oil, gas, or coal, in which case it’s a marketing plan
Since inauguration day of Trump as President, the Trump administration has not only moved to withdraw the U.S. from the Paris accord, perhaps even more alarmingly it has appointed climate-change skeptics and deniers to virtually every key agency position and begun to roll back environmental regulations and censor government officials on the subject of climate change. Such moves make no sense, environmentally or economically.
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Sustainability
April 2020
9
How is architecture part of this?
W
ith 36% of global energy
Facts:
devoted to buildings and
• 2.2 billion: The amount of CO2, in tonnes,
8% of global emissions
produced by the world’s cement production
caused by cement alone,
each year.
the architectural community is deeply connected with the flows of materials, energy,
• 1 million: The amount of CO2, in tonnes, cap-
and ideas that relate to climate change,
tured by timber frame construction in the UK,
both causes and solutions.
with 15% to 28% of new homes annually using the material. In general, one cubic meter of
Buildings consume some 40 percent of
wood contains a tonne of CO2, similar to 350
the energy in the U.S. annually, and they
liters of gasoline.
let out nearly half of the carbon dioxide, through greenfield development, cement
• 1 kilogram: the amount of CO2 captured
production, and the burning of fossil fuels
every day by ecoLogicStudio’s “Photo.Synth.Et-
such as oil, gas, and coal. Because CO2
ica” bio curtain, the equivalent to 20 large trees.
traps solar energy in the atmosphere,
(Niall Patrick Walsh. “The Facts about Architecture and Cli-
thereby heating the planet, it is the chief
mate Change” 03 Jan 2020. ArchDaily. Accessed 26 Apr 2020.
agent of climate change, making build-
<https://www.archdaily.com/931240/the-facts-about-archi-
ings—and by association, the architecture
tecture-and-climate-change/
profession—profoundly responsible. (Salazar, K. (2018, January 2). Sustainable, Green, Low-Carbon Living. Retrieved from http://www.wagstaffrogersarch.com/blog/sustainable-green-low-carbon-living
For those involved in the design of buildings and cities, be they architects, urbanists, or citizens, there is a deep responsibility to be aware of, and design for, the impact of climate change.
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Create new trends
S
ome believe that technological innova-
executives consider a sustainability strategy necessary
tions will ease the fight against environ-
to be competitive today, and another 22% think it will
mental problems, but we are not there
be in the future. Simply put, sustainability is a busi-
yet. Action must be taken now. Even
ness approach to creating long-term value by taking
though all this may cause frustration or even an-
into consideration how a given organization operates
ger, Heikkinen who has done research on climate
in the ecological, social and economic areas.
change engagement in business organisations argues that it is important to praise every action
For the anthropologist Marc Augé, “urbanization
towards more sustainable business. According
and globalization are changing the very definition of
to her, every step — even a small one — is a step
what humanity is. If humanity continues to develop
forward.
according to present trends, by 2050 it will use up
(Roco, M. (2002, January 6). Converging Technologies for Improving
twice what the planet can afford. We are clearly in a
HumanPerformance. Retrieved from http://doczz.fr/doc/1859740/ overview-converging-technologies-for-improving-human-perf...
deadlock. The convergence of these changes requires a completely new form of representation, conception,
Also talking about sustainability is important. It forces companies to respond to the growing demand. Sustainability is becoming more important
and management of the planet. (2019, September 26). Entrepreneurs for future: Climate change and the role of buildings. Retrieved from https://buildingminds.com/articles/entrepreneurs-future-climate-change-buildings/
for all companies, across all industries. 62% of
Technology
and following the trend
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Sustainability
April 2020
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Conclusion
E
ven architecture, a mere instance of form, in this field of action has a power and a responsibility – that of expressing the identity, desires and deepest intentions of
humankind. And while it expresses all this, it can also inspire an idea – it can give life to a dream. In our era, the Anthropocene, architecture can – it must – design
S
ustainability is important for a very simple, very straightforward reason: we cannot maintain our quality of life as human beings, the diversity of life on Earth, or
Earth’s ecosystems unless we embrace it. There are indications from all quarters and from the smallest
and represent a different approach, one of coexistence
to the largest scale that sustainability is something
and symbiosis with the biosphere. It must point out
we must address. We will run out of fossil fuels.
a new path. It will be for the world (and politics) to
Thousands if not millions of animal species will
ignore it or take it.
become extinct. We will run out of lumber. We will
In short, construction should be regulated by environ-
damage the atmosphere beyond repair… If we don’t change.
mental needs. Only in this way will it be possible to follow new schemes of design that everyone – archi-
And the root of that change lies in understanding
tects, clients and users – will have to adapt themselves
and striving for sustainability—in our own homes,
to. This is the domain of politics. In a democracy, that
in our communities, in our ecosystems, and around
represents the will of the majority. It is in this field
the world.
that, through law, we can design “protected” areas set
(Gallagher Flinn “What if we ran out of fossil fuels?” 19 June 2015.
aside for the non-human world, ban certain types of
HowStuffWorks.com. <https://science.howstuffworks.com/science-vs-
building, prohibit materials and technologies, create
myth/what-if/what-if-ran-out-fossil-fuels.htm> 25 April 2020)
incentives to use others, and reduce the urban footprint. (Coppola, M. (2018, January 9). The role of architecture in the Anthropocene. Retrieved from https://www.domusweb.it/en/opinion/2018/11/27/ the-role-of-architecture-in-the-anthropocene.html
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Building analyse
S
tarting of strong: When they build it
Along the interior road on level 7 and 8 lies
they destroyed 20,000 peoples home,
a shopping centre, containing a fish, butch-
and during construction they did not
er, milk, fruit and vegetable shop as well as a
provide any other living quarters.
bakery, a liquor and drugstore. Furthermore
Which led to difficult situations.
there is a laundry and cleaning service, pharmacy, barbershop and a post office. Along the
The strict grid, framed by thick soundproof
same corridor lies the hotel accommodation
walls, means that reconfiguring layouts is
and a restaurant snackbar with special service
largely impossible. It is not a timeless building
to the apartments. The 17th and last floor
in my eyes, which means that if people want
contains a kindergarten and a nursery, from
to adapt it to the trends and features now and
where a ramp leads to a roof garden and a
in the future, it will not be possible. It can go
small swimming pool for children.
out of trend completely and then be one of
(Extract from Le Corbusier, Oeuvre complète, volume 7,
the abandoned places that is just a waste. The
1957-1965
sound insulation consists of lead sheets put in
http://www.fondationlecorbusier.fr/corbuweb/morpheus.
between the separating walls of the apartments.
aspx?sysName=redirect64&sysLanguage=en-en&IrisObjec-
Lead is a dangerous material that if you where
tId=5234&sysParentId=64)
to demolish or redo, it is very dangerous on
Unitè d’habitation
Le Corbusier 16
Sustainability
human health and surrounding nature.
WHY IS THIS BAD?
(A, J. (2019, April 26). D’HABITATION. Retrieved from
When you oversupply people, It will narrow
https://www.unthsc.edu/operations/wp-content/uploads/
down people’s paths and the possibility to go
sites/24/Sustainability_Summary_Half_Page_better_pic_1_.
out in nature and other social settings. You
pdf )
will live in a box with the same people and might not contribute with anything regarding local support etc. It is not an including environment. It is a “box away from everything” environment. It can, in worst case scenario, lead to health problems, social development problems in children and adults and very narrowed thinking and knowledge.
April 2020
17
Questionable Interior
T
he internal planning itself, the
The conception seems to dominate rather than
thin slices of double-storeyed
to liberate. It is very introvert
living accommodation 3.6m wide and 18m long, lit only at the
Does the whole approach and conception of
ends, and served only by internal roads, arti-
Unite give us the sort of building which can
ficially lit and ventilated is a warning signal in
properly fulfil our current sociological func-
my head.
tions? No I do not think so.
(EASTON, K. (2016, June 8). Views on Le Corbusierâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Unite dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Habitation. Retrieved from http://vblog-jpa.info/dhab-
Another question is: How much social research
itation/
was carried out in the neighbourhood before
WHY IS THIS BAD?
the building was planned? I have no answer
It is bad lighting that affects overall health in
on this, but I guess very little or reflected in a
the people living there, bad accessibility in
strange way.
case of fire or emergencies. It is a lot of people living in this building, same with a lot of different retail stores and restaurants. If a fire would start, it could be very dangerous.. The spread of diseases etc.
Le Corbusier 18
Sustainability
April 2020
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Shaping The Society. When we talk about making an impact on
Design made the cars that everyone loves, and
society, usually leaders, socialist etc comes
gave it the value that is has today.
up. And when it comes to influencing a lot
We wouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have the lifestyle we have today
of people or some people we turn to mov-
without Design. Living so comfortable and
ies and magazines etc. We almost never
being up to date with everything.
talk about the designers role. But Designers play a great role in shaping the society, not
Design influences people in certain ways, and
only from the view of infrastructure but
anything that can influence people can make a
from the aspect of mentality and lifestyle.
big impact and change on society. The impact
Design creates impression and perception.
of surroundings changes the way we programme our day to day lifestyles.
Design is not just about solving problems
Us designers way of thinking and expressing
or making something look good and beau-
our thought and actions can influence and
tiful. It is about finding the best solution
even change opinions. We are not limited to
and at the same time making something
our client base, we should see problems and
better or creating something new. Design-
social issues as an opportunity to intervene and
ers are just like leaders, they care for the
imagine it differently and not just accepting it
requirements that they have, the needs and
as it is.
wants of every user/consumer and they find the most efficient and fast way to get
Design can make changes, and it can make it
something done.
even better. (Mason, M. (2020, January 1). What Is Sustainability and Why
Impact on Sociaty and Social Sustainability 20
Sustainability
Look at electronics for an example: It was
Is It Important?. Retrieved from https://www.environmental-
a geeky gadget from the beginning and
science.org/sustainability)
now everyone has everything that revolves around a new phone or computer. It is a standard gadget that you canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t live without. This was all thanks to DESIGN, design made this transformation.
April 2020
21
Social Sustainability
S
OCIAL SUSTAINABILITY
The place should provide possibilities for activities that attracts different kind of groups.
Social sustainability happens
It is important to include the people around
when systems, structures, and
you that will use the space so that they have the
relationships support the generations now
possibility to affect the design. Participation
and in the future, to create healthy and
can also lead to that more thought are being
livable communities. Socially sustainable
considered and that can lead into a more valu-
communities are divers and provides a
able building for the society.
good quality of life. An essential feature in social sustainability is to have good access
It is important to understand that people are
to local services and green spaces and so
dynamic and will change, and to think about
on. It also includes that new buildings are
that when designing a building. Social sustain-
accessible for people with handicaps, pub-
ability is a process that will change over time,
lic transportation is near and the possibili-
it has no end. We need to consider flexibility to
ty to go there by car and bike
ensure that a project will last over time and that it will be able to adjust to the outside.
A identity of a place is important, it gives a feeling of belonging among the people living there and that creates a positive feeling to the area. You can create a identity by valuing what makes the place unique by highlighting a cultural or historical heritage. Or by creating a new identity.
Karbassi, L. (2020, January 1). Social Sustainability. Retrieved from https://www.unglobalcompact.org/whatis-gc/our-work/social
In corporations, social sustainability performance issues include human rights, fair labor practices, living conditions, health, safety, wellness, diversity, equity, work-life balance, empowerment, community engagement, philanthropy, volunteerism, and more.
(2020, January 1). What is Social Sustainability?. Retrieved from https://www.esg.adec-innovations.com/ about-us/faqs/what-is-social-sustainability/
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What is it? Broadly speaking, the energy efficiency
For example if a house is insulated, less ener-
of a building is determined by the rate at
gy is used in heating and cooling to achieve a
which energy is lost through the physi-
satisfactory temperature. Another example is
cal structure of the building (the building
installing fluorescent lights or skylights, instead
envelope), and the rate at which energy is
of incandescent lights, to attain the same level
used to meet the energy needs and phys-
of illumination.
ical comfort of the occupants. These two factors are often closely interrelated, be-
Efficient energy use is achieved primarily by
cause the physical structure and design of a
means of a more efficient technology or pro-
building, interacting with the local climate,
cess. Energy efficient buildings, industrial
strongly influence the choice of energy
processes and transportation could reduce the
system and the associated efficiency of that
world’s energy needs in 2050 by one third, and
system. When considering initiatives to
help controlling global emissions of green-
improve the energy efficiency of buildings,
house gases.
therefore, it is important to keep both fac-
(2020, January 1). What is energy efficiency?. Retrieved from
tors in mind.
https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discoveringGeology/climateChange/
Cooper, D. (2020, January 1). ENERGY EFFICIENCY
CCS/whatIsEnergyEfficiency.html
FOR BUILDINGS. Retrieved from https://www.euenergycentre.org/images/unep%20info%20sheet%20-%20
Making homes, vehicles, and businesses more
ee%20buildings.pdf
energy efficient is seen as a largely untapped solution to addressing global warming, energy
Energy Efficiency
Think of a building’s temperature: It can
security, and fossil fuel depletion. The 1973 oil
be regulated by radiators, fans and air con-
crisis, where oil prices were very high, focussed
ditioning systems, while basic actions such
attention on energy efficiency. For example, the
as opening and closing a window or door
state of California began implementing ener-
can also be effective.
gy-efficiency laws in the mid-1970s, including building code and appliance standards with
Energy efficiency, means using less energy
strict efficiency requirements. During the fol-
to provide the same level of energy. It is
lowing years, California ‘s energy consumption
therefore one method to reduce human
has remained constant.
greenhouse gas emissions.
Ahuja, D. (2009, February 1). Sustainable energy for developing countries. Retrieved from https://journals.openedition. org/sapiens/823
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Passive solutions for energy efficiency Adaptive Re-use Adaptive Re-Use, is making use of something that we dont need anymore, into something new that we now need instead. It can be up-cycling of old materials to use for a new purpose or changing the function of an already existing building or site. Making the
Deep Overhangs If you have proper window shading, it will allow for optimal solar heat gain during winter adn at the same time limiting the solar heat gain during summer.
most of what we already have instead of throwing it away and manufacturing new things.
Off-Grid If your building is off-grid it means that is does not rely on munic-
Heritage Conservation
ipal water supply, natural gas, sewer, power grid or other services.
Heritage Conservation is a big helper to sustainable strategies.
Water will be found on-site by using a well or harvesting rainwater.
When it comes to economically, it can increase property values,
This water is then treated with a septic system, composing toilets
bring new spirit to a naighbourhood and boost tourism opper-
or a sonstructed wetland. Electricity is generated by solar photo-
tunitues. Culturally it can help to produce a feeling of pride and
voltaics or wind turbines. Heating and cooling is created by passive
making the building a reference. Which brings with it, awarness
strategies.
and growth that respects the stories of the area and traditions. And when we talk about it in the environmental perspective, heritage
Natural Cross-Ventilation
conservation can help with the re-use of existing building materi-
This happens when air enters a building through a window or door
als or rehabilitating damaged materials.
on one side and exits on the opposite side. It can go hosisontally by pressure on the windward side and then negative pressure on the
Site-Optimization
leeward side. As well vertically through stack effect. Cross venti-
When you carefully take inconsideration a buildings site it will
laiton minimizes the energy consumption from air conditioning
minimize the impact on the land, protect the native landscape
units. Natural cross ventilation it adapted to the existing breeze
and provide oppertunitues for daylighting, solar heat gain, naural
patterns on-site.
shading and ventilation. Idealy, is to select a site where existing infrastructure such as roads, water supply and open green space is available close by. Depending on what kind of building purpose, its good to be close to community resources like, schools, entertainment, public transit etc as well. Passive Solar This refers to heating and cooling of living spaces by the use of passive solar design. With this approach, the building will take ad-
Green Roof Known as living roof aswell is a roof that is completely or partially coverd in vegetation. It is ontop of root barrier and drainage layers and installed over the roofs waterproofing layer. If needed, their is automated watering system to help with the maintenance. Is helps with storm water retention, rainwater filtration, roof protection and it keeps the building cool.
vantage of the natural properties of material and air created from exposure to the sun. Some examples are operable windows that is places for optimal heat gain during winter, solar chimneys for the summer and shading devices. As well as thermal mass for both seasons. Solar cimneys creates the effect of hot air rising to induce air movment for cooling purposes. The suction pulls cooler air into the building from lower shaded spaces.
Rainwater Collection It collects runoff water from roofs or horizontal surfaces and is being reused on the property for ,for example, toilets, watering system and if filtered properly even drinking water and showers. (2020, January 1). Solutions. Retrieved from https://www.hertfordshire.gov.uk/ microsites/building-futures/a-sustainable-design-toolkit/technical-modules/energy-and-climate-change/solutions.aspx)
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April 2020
27
Analyse “Apple Campus 2” for energy efficiency and low invironmental impact
T
he Apple Park office campus is a
The landscaping of the new campus site was
single circular shaped building
increased from 20% to 80%. The number of
with four storeys above the ground
trees also increased from 3,700 to 6,000. The
and two basement levels. It has the
plantations include apricot orchards.
shape of a hoop and the appearance of a giant
(2020, January 1). Apple Park (Apple 2 Campus), California.
spaceship. The building also has a courtyard at
Retrieved from https://www.designbuild-network.com/
the centre with open green spaces for employ-
projects/apple-2-campus/)
ees. Surface parking was decreased from the
Apple campus 2 Analyse
The site Apple had bought was an industri-
9,800 to 1,200 (90% underground) to facili-
al park, largely covered by asphalt, but Jobs
tate the landscaping. The landscaping of the
envisioned hilly terrain, with sluices of walking
150-acre campus was handled by a Stanford
paths.
University arborist.
The project is an integrated design and envi-
Jobs did his best thinking during long walks
ronmentally friendly development and exceeds
in nature, and he envisioned a tree-filled
social and economic sustainability goals. The
campus where Apple workers could find
development incorporates strategies to reduce
inspiration in what one architect calls Jobs’
water and energy consumption. The 2.8-mil-
“idealized California.” Apple will plant almost
lion-square-foot Ring will run solely on sus-
9,000 trees, all of them drought-tolerant so
tainable energy, most of it from the 805,000
that they can survive a climate crisis.
square feet of solar arrays on the campus.
Levy, S. (2017, June 1). Apple Park’s Tree Whisperer. Retrieved from https://www.wired.com/story/apple-parks-tree-whisperer/
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Features and conclusion
T
he glass fins that protrude from the
Unlike sealed buildings in which the temperature is
Ring at every floor are sloped at a
rigidly controlled, the Ring circulates outside air. The
slight downward angle to regulate
concrete in the floor and ceiling is embedded with
light and glare. They also prevent
tubes of water and is supposed to lock in a tempera-
rain from streaking down what Ive describes as
ture between 68 and 77 degrees, so that the heating or
the “miles of glass” that make up the Ring’s walls.
cooling system will kick in only on very hot or cold days.
Jobs hated air-conditioning and especially
Levy, S. (2017, may 16). Apple Park’s Tree Whisperer.
loathed fans. (He vigilantly tried to keep them
Retrieved from https://www.wired.com/2017/05/ap-
out of his computers.) But he also didn’t want
ple-park-new-silicon-valley-campus/
people opening windows, so he insisted on natural ventilation, a building that breathes just like
In conclusion, Jobs and Norman Foster did alot to
the people who work inside it. “The flaps and the
achive low environmental impact and being energy
opening mechanism,” Behling explains, “all have
efficient. Combining passive and active solutions/
to relate to sensors that measure where the wind
hybrid solutions. Everything from ventilation, energy
is coming from and how the air goes through it.”
source, native landscape, less maintenance (rainwater stains for example) and overall site impact. Referring to underground parking, more trees that works with
Air Native landscape Electricity 30
Sustainability
April 2020
31
Biophilia
B
iophilic design can reduce
Diversity of design strategies
stress, improve cognitive func-
Patterns in combination tend to increase the
tion and creativity, improve
likelihood of health benefits of a space. Incor-
our well-being and expedite
porating a diverse range of design strategies
healing; as the world population continues
can accommodate the needs of various user
to urbanize, these qualities are ever more
groups from differing cultures and demo-
important. The fact that U.S. business-
graphics and create an environment that is
es squander billions of dollars each year
psycho-physiologically and cognitively re-
on lost productivity due to stress-related
storative. For instance, vegetated spaces can
illnesses, design that reconnects us with
improve an individual’s self-esteem and mood,
nature – biophilic design – is essential for
while the presence of water can have a relaxing
providing people opportunities to live and
effect. Adding multiple biophilic strategies for
work in healthy places and spaces with
the sake of diversity may backfire unless they
less stress and greater overall health and
are integrative and supporting a unified design
well-being.
intent.
(2019, April 22). What is biophillic design?. Retrieved from https://cleanclarity.com/blog/2019/4/1/biophil-
Climate, ecology and the vernacular
ic-design
Historically, humans have built shelters from locally available materials that reflected the
Biophilic design patterns are flexible and
regional ecology; form and function were in re-
replicable strategies for enhancing the user
sponse to the topography and climate. Known
experience that can be implemented under
as vernacular architecture, these buildings and
a range of circumstances. Just as lighting
constructed landscapes connect to where they
design for a classroom will be different
inhabit. Use of local timber, climate responsive
than for a spa or home library, biophil-
design and xeriscaping – using native, drought
ic design interventions are based on the
tolerant plants to create landscape designs
needs of a specific population in a partic-
that resemble the climate of the surrounding
ular space, and are likely to be developed
landscape – can each be effective strategies in
from a series of evidence-based biophilic
designing for a resilient, biophilic experience.
design patterns, ideally with a degree of
Browning, W. (2019, January 1). 14 PATTERNS OF BIOPHIL-
monitoring and evaluation for efficacy.
IC DESIGN. Retrieved from https://www.terrapinbright-
“ ‘This is what I prayed for,’ wrote the Roman poet Horace. ‘A piece of land – not so very big, with a garden and, near the house, a spring that never fails, and a bit of wood to round it off.’
green.com/reports/14-patterns/#content
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April 2020
33
B
3 different areas iophilia, like air quality, thermal comfort
Natural Analogues addresses organic, non-liv-
and acoustics, is an essential component
ing and indirect evocations of nature. Objects,
of environmental quality that expands the
materials, colors, shapes, sequences and patterns
conversation from daylight, materials tox-
found in nature, manifest as artwork, ornamen-
Nature of the Space addresses spatial config-
icity, and air, water and soil quality, to include human
tation, furniture, décor, and textiles in the built
urations in nature. This includes our innate and
biological health and well-being.
environment. Mimicry of shells and leaves, fur-
learned desire to be able to see beyond our immedi-
niture with organic shapes, and natural materials
ate surroundings, our fascination with the slightly
Biophilic design can be organized into three catego-
that have been processed or extensively altered
dangerous or unknown; obscured views and revela-
ries – Nature in the Space, Natural Analogues, and
(e.g., wood planks, granite tabletops), each pro-
tory moments; and sometimes even phobia-induc-
Nature of the Space – providing a framework for
vide an indirect connection with nature: while
ing properties when they include a trusted element
understanding and enabling thoughtful incorporation
they are real, they are only analogous of the items
of safety. Such as:
of a rich diversity of strategies into the built environ-
in their ‘natural’ state. We have:
ment.
• Prospect. An unimpeded view over a distance, for • Biomorphic Forms & Patterns. Symbolic
surveillance and planning.
Nature in the Space addresses the direct, physical
references to contoured, patterned, textured or
• Refuge. A place for withdrawal from environ-
and ephemeral presence of nature in a space or place.
numerical arrangements that persist in nature.
mental conditions or the main flow of activity, in
This includes plant life, water and animals, as well as
• Material Connection with Nature. Materials
which the individual is protected from behind and
breezes, sounds, scents and other natural elements.
and elements from nature that, through minimal
overhead.
Nature in the Space encompasses different biophilic
processing, reflect the local ecology or geology
• Mystery. The promise of more information,
design patterns such as:
and create a distinct sense of place.
achieved through partially obscured views or other
Browning, W. (2019, January 1). 14 PATTERNS OF BIO-
sensory devices that entice the individual to travel
• Visual Connection with Nature. A view to elements
PHILIC DESIGN. Retrieved from https://www.terrapin-
deeper into the environment.
of nature, living systems and natural processes.
brightgreen.com/reports/14-patterns/#content
• Thermal & Airflow Variability. Subtle changes in air temperature, relative humidity, airflow across the skin, and surface temperatures that mimic natural environments. • Presence of Water. A condition that enhances the experience of a place through seeing, hearing or touching water. • Dynamic & Diffuse Light. Leverages varying intensities of light and shadow that change over time to create conditions that occur in nature.
34
Sustainability
April 2020
35
Strategies
B
iophilic design interventions that
For the design of the Khoo Teck Puat Hospital in
integrate with other building perfor-
Singapore, architect RMJM met with ecologists and
mance strategies have the potential to
engineers early in the project development process to
improve user experience and overall
employ biophilia, ecological conservation and water
systems efficiency. Herbert Dreiseitl’s design
sensitive urban design to manage rainwater, mitigate
for Prisma in Nürnberg, Germany, is a good
loss of biodiversity and create a restorative envi-
example; sculptural water walls serve as both a
ronment for patients, reaping more benefits for the
thermal control device and exposed rainwater
project than any one of the three teams could have on
conduit, while contributing to the visual and
their own.
acoustic ambiance of the enclosed garden-like
Kishnani, N. (2017, September 8). Singapore’s Khoo Teck Puat Hospital:
atrium. (2020, January 20). The climate in the Nuremberg Prism. Retrieved from
Biophilic Design in Action. Retrieved from https://blog.interface.com/ khoo-teck-puat-hospital-singapore-biophilic-design/
https://www.northernarchitecture.us/water-management/the-climate-inthe-nuremberg-prisma.html
Biophilic Design Examples 36
Sustainability
Prisma in Nürnberg, Germany.
Khoo Teck Puat Hospital in Singapore.
April 2020
37
How to R E A C H S U S TA I N I B I L I T Y
Magazine by Anna Bengtsson | Interior Architect Student
Content
1
Sustainable is the only way
T
LEED
oday, companies face pressure to expand their corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices. SolarCityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s sustainability briefing found that 75 percent of consumers are more likely to buy a product or service if the company is making an effort to be sustainable, while 82 percent are more likely to purchase a product that represents CSR over one that does not.
LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) is an internationally recognized green building certification system.
3
Green Star Green Star assesses the sustainable design, construction and operation of build-
6
ings, fitouts and communities
Green Globes Green Globes is an online assessment protocol, rating system, and guidance for green building design, operation and management.
8
2
Rating Systems
Many companies have turned to accredited CSR certifications and awards. Sustainability certifications are voluntary norms and standards relating to environmental, social, ethical and food safety issues. These certifications help consumers and stakeholders understand that the company has gone through a third-party verification process to make sure the company is actually walking the walk regarding sustainability,â&#x20AC;? Josh Prigge CEO of Sustridge said. With sustainability reporting on the rise and a lot at stake for companies, there are several certifications businesses can choose from. Choosing the best one can be difficult, but here are some of the more popular ones to make your decision a bit easier.
The Broad Museum
Edwards, C. (2018, July 9). The Small Business Guide to Sustainability Certifications. Retrieved from https://www.businessnewsdaily.com/10950-sustainability-certifications-guide.html
The Broad is designed by world-renowned architectural firm Diller Scofidio + Renfro in
Anna Bengtsson
collaboration with Gensler.
3rd Year Interior Architect Student
| April 2020
3
LEED
L
EED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) is an internationally recognized green building certification system, pro-
viding third-party verification that a building or community was designed and built using strategies aimed at improving performance across all the metrics that matter most: energy savings, water efficiency, CO2 emissions reduction, improved indoor environmental quality, and stewardship of resources and sensitivity to their impacts. LEED is flexible enough to apply to all building types â&#x20AC;&#x201C; commercial as well as residential. It works throughout the building lifecycle â&#x20AC;&#x201C; design and construction, operations and maintenance, tenant fitout, and significant retrofit.
And LEED for Neighborhood Development extends the benefits of LEED beyond the building footprint into the neighborhood it serves.
LEED provides a point system to score green building design and construction. The system is categorized in five basic areas: Sustainable Sites, Water Efficiency, Energy and Atmosphere, Materials and Resources, and Indoor Environmental Quality. Buildings are awarded points based on the extent various sustainable strategies are achieved. The more points awarded the higher the level of certification achieved from Certified, Silver, Gold, to Platinum. LEED is worldwide! This information was sourced from the U.S. Green Building Council website
In Between 4
Rating Systems
| April 2020
5
Green Star
G
reen Star assesses the sustain-
Since its creation 17 years ago, the Green Star
able design, construction and
rating system has been a consistent leader
operation of buildings, fitouts
in the sustainability space. Green Star have
and communities. Choosing
achieved this by continuously pushing the
Green Star can help you save money, create a
boundaries, exploring new opportunities to
healthy place for people, minimise your envi-
improve the quality of the Australian built en-
ronmental footprint and build a better future
vironment and by evolving our rating tools in
for us all.
line with international standards. You get rated from 1-6.
Our built environment is currently the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s single largest contributor to green-
They have issued more than 2,350 Green Star
house gas emissions, and also consumes
certifications in Australia.
around a third of our water, and generates
40% of all office space is Green Star certified
40 per cent of our waste. From individual
40% of all retail space is Green Star certified
buildings to entire communities, Green Star is transforming the way our built environ-
There are four Green Star rating tools available
ment is designed, constructed and operated.
for certification of design, construction and op-
Launched by the Green Building Council of
eration of buildings, fitouts and communities.
Australia in 2003, Green Star is Australiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s only national and voluntary rating system
Communities
for buildings and communities. Green Star is
-Certify a plan for a precinct-scale develop-
helping to improve environmental efficiencies
ment.
in our buildings, while boosting productivity,
Design & As Built
creating jobs and improving the health and
-Certify the design and construction of a build-
well-being of our communities.
ing. Interiors -Certify the interior fitout of a building.
Green Star assesses the sustainable design, construction and operation of buildings, fitouts and communities.
Performance -Certify the operational performance of a building. This information was sourced from the Green Building Council of Australia website
6
Rating Systems
| April 2020
7
Green Globes
G
reen Globes is an online
However, in its early days, when it was not well
assessment protocol,
known, it tended to be used for projects with
rating system, and guid-
limited budgets, based on the premise that the
ance for green building
system could be done without the need for
design, operation and management. It
consultants to manage the certification process,
is interactive, flexible and affordable,
and that it was therefore a more affordable cer-
and provides market recognition of
tification system than LEED. Green Globes is
a buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s environmental attributes
used in US and Canada. You get rated in points
through third-party assessment.
1-6.
Green Globes is structured as a self-as-
Flexible
sessment to be done in-house using a
Designed for use on building projects of any
project manager and design team. The
size, the Green Globes system is suitable for
system is questionnaire-based with
large and small buildings including offices,
pop-up tips, which show the applica-
multi-family structures and institutional build-
ble technical tables that are needed
ings such as schools, universities and libraries.
to reply to the questions. An online manual is also available. Users can see
Applies to new and existing buildings.
how points are being awarded and how
From new construction, to fit-ups, retrofits and
they are scoring.
management and operations of existing buildings - the Green Globes suite of tools can help
They has been used on projects that
ensure that environmental goals are achieved
range greatly in size, complexity and
continuously throughout a buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s life.
degree of innovation.
This information was sourced from the U.S. Green Globes website
8
Rating Systems
| April 2020
9
The Broad Museum
O
pened just one year ago, The
The Broad is designed by world-renowned
Broad has it all: looks (its
architectural firm Diller Scofidio + Renf-
soaring edifice resembles a
ro in collaboration with Gensler. With its
sheer glacial wall); a world-
innovative “veil-and-vault” concept, the
class collection of contemporary art (expect
120,000-square-foot, $140 million building
heavy-hitters ranging from Cindy Sherman
features two floors of gallery space to show-
to Yayoi Kusama and her selfie-worthy mirror
case the Broad’s comprehensive collection
rooms); and LEED Gold certification. One
and is the headquarters of The Broad Art
of only a handful of museums in the U.S. to
Foundation’s worldwide lending library.
earn those credentials, the museum did so thanks to its electric car charging stations,
Dubbed “the veil and the vault,” the muse-
bike parking, clean energy use, and its day-
um’s design merges the two key components
light-favoring design.
of the building: public exhibition space and collection storage. Rather than relegate the
Directly south of the museum is a public pla-
storage to secondary status, the “vault,” plays
za also designed by Diller Scofidio + Renfro,
a key role in shaping the museum experi-
in collaboration with Hood Design Studio,
ence from entry to exit. Its heavy opaque
Inc. The landscaping features 100-year-old
mass is always in view, hovering midway in
Barouni olive trees and an open lawn, add-
the building. Its carved underside shapes the
ing another parcel of critical green space to
lobby below, while its top surface is the floor
Grand Avenue.
plate of the exhibition space. The vault stores the portions of the collection not on display
(2016, September 30). 6 of the Most Stunning and Sus-
in the galleries or on loan, but DS+R pro-
tainable LEED Certified Buildings. Retrieved from https://
vided viewing windows so visitors can get a
www.zipcar.com/ziptopia/city-living/stunning-and-sus-
sense of the intensive depth of the collection
tainable-leed-certified-buildings
and peer right into the storage holding. The vault is enveloped on all sides by the “veil,” an airy, honeycomb-like structure that spans across the block-long gallery and provides filtered natural daylight.
10
Rating Systems
| April 2020
11
Recycled and innovative
Materials
By Anna bengtsson
BOLON flooring
FluidSolids
Mycelium walls
Eco Alabaster
Mycelium acoustic panels and tiles
Ferrock
Cork
Caffeinated material to stain
Furniture made out of Flax
BOLON Taking its name from the Swedish words for cotton (BOmull) and nyLON, BOLON uses a unique weaving technology to produce designs that were not previously feasible, specializing in patterns and colours that create energetic and dynamic settings. With its beginnings as a manufacturer of traditional Swedish rag rugs, the family business quickly moved on to the production of awning mats for the camping sector in the sixties and seventies. Through the years the company has gradually developed from a small traditional
Mycelium
FluidSolids
Ferrock
FluidSolids® is an innovation that makes
The name Ferrock is a reflection of its
Eco_Alabaster is the latest stylish and
Flax is nutritious for its high-fibre content
it possible to transform organic waste into
composition – largely iron-rich ferrous
sophisticated idea by Ceramica Fioranese
and omega-3 fatty acids and, according
biocomposites. Material innovation justi-
rock. It’s actually created from waste steel
for natural stone floor and wall coverings,
to Dutch designer Christien Meinderts-
They produce materials by growing select-
fies itself on the strength of added value:
dust which is normally discarded from
a classic stone given a contemporary twist,
ma, the seed is also quite good for making
it makes products and applications more
industrial processes and silica from ground
featuring extraordinarily beautiful, delicate furniture. Her Flax Chair, which was immediately bought by the prestigious Vitra shades and modern patterns.
ed strains of mycelium on pre-engineered
substrates made of agro-industrial residues. flexible, stable, ecological, and cost efficient. FluidSolids® meets all these requireFungal mycelium acts as a reinforcement to the matrix structure, creating a 100%
drying, for reduced energy consumption. The resulting products are completely stable, safe and durable - and biodegradable
carbonate. It’s this that is fused into the
Eco_Alabaster also complies with LEED®
unveiled in 2016, is made entirely from
physical qualities, the new biocomposite
matrix of Ferrock and, like concrete, after
requirements, thanks to its high recycled
pulped seeds mixed with starch and sugar
it’s dried, it cannot be melted back into a
material content (over 40%), which does not pulp. Almost no waste is created during production, as the chair’s back, seat and affect the appearance of the product.
near future as an alternative material for
liquid form but retains its hard, rock-like
tangular sheet.
myriads of products made of metal, wood, and especially plastic.
Compared to Portland cement (made from chalk and clay and resembling Portland
food supply chain—it is made of by-prod-
types in use throughout the world today,
high regard within both design and archi-
ucts of renewable raw material.
Ferrock is actually five times stronger. It
genic and VOC Emissions. They are saf-
can withstand more compression before FluidSolids® is a biodegradable compos-
breaking and is far more flexible, meaning
ite material. The components consist of
it could potentially resist the earth move-
renewable resources that are procured
ments caused by seismic activity or indus-
from industrial by-products, therefore
trial processes. One of the unique prop-
no agricultural land is used. The material
erties of Ferrock is that it becomes even
is nontoxic, odor- and emission-free and
stronger in salt water environments, mak-
Hayon,Tom Dixon, Jean Nouvel and Giulio
has a minimal carbon footprint. FluidSol-
ing it ideal for marine-based construction
Cappellini. Using recycled material in 100%
ids® features maximum surface finish and
projects. And rather than emitting large
of their collections.
molding accuracy, a variety of surfaces,
amounts of C02 as it dries, Ferrock actu-
structures, and colors next to highly modi-
ally absorbs and binds it! This results in a
fiable physical qualities and durability.
carbon-negative process that actually helps
orations with some of the world’s leading creators, visionaries and entrepreneurs which include Missoni, Armani, Google, Mercedes and Sheraton, as well as leading architects and designers such as Jaime
er than wood and many other industrial materials populating our everyday indoor environments. Companies: KNOW, MOGU
legs are all cut from a single, compact rec-
qualities.
stone in color), which is one of the leading
The materials have been tested for aller-
Design Museum in Switzerland when it was
reacts with C02 and rusts to form iron
ments. With its excellent ecological and
plastic-free and coherent material compos- FluidSolids® developed in Switzerland has the potential to capture the market in the ite. At the end of the production process, mycelium materials are inertized by slow
up glass. The iron within the steel dust
FluidSolids® does not compete with the
conventional flooring through its collab-
Flax seed
Mycelium’ is a network of interwoven, thread-like hyphae that constitute the vegetative part of mushrooms.
weaving mill into a successful international too! design brand. Nowadays, BOLON is held in tectural circles for how it has reinvented
Eco_Alabaster
to trap greenhouse gases.
Cork
FluidSolids® is developed for industrial production and can be processed in various manufacturing techniques such as: – Compression molding – Extrusion – Injection molding
Coffee Stained
The value of cork is further enhanced by its Designer Zhekai Zhang has developed a low conductivity of heat, sound and vibra-
method of staining porcelain with used
tion. This is because the gaseous elements
coffee grounds to mimic the texture of
it contains are sealed in tiny, impermeable
marble, and applied the technique to a col-
compartments, insulated from each oth-
lection of lamps called Coffire.
er by a moisture-resistant material. This endows cork with one of the best insulating The method, inspired by ancient Chinese capacities, both thermal and acoustic, of
pit-firing techniques, forms an “imperfect”
any natural substance. It neither spreads
random texture, meaning each Coffire pen-
flames nor releases toxic gases during com- dant light is different. bustion.