The Irish Volunteer - Volume 2 - Number 9 by An Phoblacht

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THE

EDITED BY EOIN MAC Vol. 2.

Price· One

SATURDAY, JANUARY 30, 1915.

No, 9. (New Se,ries.)

NOTES _

P~y.

say that Imperial interests are para.- that he has consistently worked with the mount. Ireland is not called upon to Irish Volunteers. His wife and children · justify her relations to the· British Em- are obnoxious because they are the w1£e pne. She has not forced herself ·on the and children of a man who has been Empire . The Empire is bound in every locally pro min en t in tlre Irish Volunteers. resf)ect ,to justify its relations to Ireland. ~ I tremble to think that in mentioning I£ Imperial policy does not benefit Ire- these matters I may be · unwittingly land, but continues to impoverish, wea.ken guilty of revealing a: military measure of and degrade us as in the past, then we the highest : importance without having shall know\ vhere we stand and what our received proper authori~a.ti~n.duty is . t (

There has been a recent minatory visit of th,e police to the printing o_ffice of this papei; a.nd similar visits to a number of newsagents in regard to the sale of the paper. _The police are, of course, acting under the orders of the· civil government. Can anything be more contemptible? Is this Mr. Birrell's reply to my charge that the Government, including Mr. Birrell, have been maintained in offi~e for years by ,the Irish electors on the faith of an ·understm1ding which has be.en publicly violated? Or is it his reply to my q11estion what profit or advantage can Ire,.,J€1-nd . possibly expect, under the , esta b- . lished system of Imperial exploitation, from the' enormous charges which a war expenditure for the protection of English trade interests will entail upon Ireland, and what set-o:ff can Ireland expect against the strangling of land purchase and town purchase, the · diminution of employment, the great increase of that grand Imperial burden, the Poor Rate, the withholding of improvement loans, the aggravation of poverty .in tovvn and country, the check on all industrfal e:ffort, the postponement of all deyelopmen't ? 1

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, Miss Brighid · Ni Fhogarta.igh, of I have alrea.dy said that when I want Castlebar, who has this week. joined the a model for sedition and threats of re- French Sisters of ·charity; has, as ner bellion, I know where to find it. I shall last act in secular life·, forwarded to me find it in the utterances and the actions the sum of £2 2s. 7-2-d. , the surplus of a of th.e Unionist Party 'and of certain fund for the purchase of arms fb1; the lights of the British army an d navy . It Iri~h Volunteers of Castlebar, and has is not at all, strange to me tha.t these ' i:equested ·me to make public the fact, so models of~ sedition· and revolt can behave that certain ''official 'Nationalists "'' ma.y with impunity, even to this hour and in not be in a position to ~uggest that the this Im_perial crisis, while the maj-esty lady had kept the money. I trust that of Empire· manifests itself to humble in a life devoted henceforth exclusively printers and news.agents . It seems a to the service of God she will earn a recowardly and contemptible line of policy, ward for the same simple fidelity that in but that is exactly what all previous ex- this world she has given to the service perience leads us to r expect from the of her country and nation. 'rhere are British Superstatesman. women and men in Ireland, not few but many, not too few but enough to save * * * the nation, who lp10w that their cause is , I£ such things were done by military right and just, and whom neither threats authQrity, they would be less remarkable, · nor penalties nor malignity, nor the for nobody expects wise or intelligent vacillations of wealth and place and action of military men when they get pow~r, nor the wanderings of oncetheir way in civil a:ffairs: What we have trusted guides from the. path, can conto note is that such are the methods of found or lead astray . Beannacht De leat, civil government, ·and of Home Rule - a dheirfiur, agus _. biodh cobhair do Liberal civil govern~ent in Ireland, the ghuidhe linn anois is go brath na breithe . . year after the Home Rule year.

I have not asked Mr. Birrell for a reply . In- my view, ,the only thing we need from ' 'British Ministers and British politicians is that they · shall cease to interfere with this ceuntry-the only serious evils from Vi'hich this country su:ffers ·are the results * * * of their interference, past, present, and It did not surprise- me to learn that threatened. As a nation, we are entitled to ask ourselves pu,b licly what a.d vantages Mr. Desmond FitzGerald, a gentleman - or disadvantag;es we are likely to have with influential Unionist connections , from any course of public policy, and to was required ·a few days ago to give up answer to ourselves publicly. It is to · hjs home in Kerry an d to betake himself my fellow-Irishmen I put these ques- with his wife and .children wherever he tions, and the·y will continue to be put could find a new home, provided that he whether Mr. Birrell sends the police to did not live too 'near any place of military importa.nce·. So far as I can ascer· interfere or does not. tain, Mr . FitzGerald's obnoxiousness, as *' * * in the case of other. persons similarly rt lS no answer to such questions 'to penalised, consists entiFely in the fact

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Navan is a decaying town in the heart of Royal Meath, in the most fertile valley in · Europe, . ~ valiey with so rich ~ soil that some of the big prairie men who inhabit it ·have been forced, in · order to justify the manner of their occupation, to take refuge in a complaint never before spoken of any soil on God's earth, never dreamt of amcing any people but a.people stifled in the embrace of empire. I myself have heard a denizen of the valley declare in all seriousness that the land is too r·ich for tillage!,

THE IRISH VOLUNTEER.

Saturday, January 30, 1915.

the market of Oldcastle,-that some shillings. Royal Meath asks the Imcoarse friezes for home consumption were perial Parliament to enable her men to _· · • made in the baronies of Dunboyne and exist and support familie s on twelve •·- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.....- : Ratoath,-that whiskey was distilled in shillings a week_. large quantities at N avan, - that both * * The Parliamentary Gazetter ·of Ireland * writing paper and coarse kinds ~f paper I Jl!ention these facts merely b~cause is one of the most valuable records of the were made at N avan,- that a cotton mill they appear to have been overlooked in history of Ireland under Imperial governwas in the course of erection. on. the the. proceedings of a meeting held rement. It was published in 1845, the year Boyne below N avan, - that an extensive cently in the town of Na van under the in which imperial government began to bleachgreen existed on the Nanny water, auspices of the Imperialists of Meath, gather in the crop that it had been sow-that the straw hat manufacture was and address_ed by a member and an ·exing and tending since Ireland became by extensively caJ.T~ed on in the town and member of the Imperial Parlia,ment. The the Act of Union an Imp.erial province. neighbourhood of Dunboyn.e and at Gal- Chairman of the Meath County Council "Navan," says this authority, "in contrim in the barony of Deece,-that coarse also participated . Perha.ps, in his resequence of the opening of the Boyne pottery was manufactured at Knock in sponsible position, he will be able. to navigation hence to Drogheda, has bethe barony of Morgallion,- that large figure out how much Meath must -contricome a place of considerable trade and quantities of nails were made near Garris- bute to the present special Imperial exmay be considered as in a steadily pros- . fown,-and that tanyards existed in penditure of £45,_000,000 per month, and parous condition. Its advantageous situaalmost every town of the county.'' what di.v idend Meath can expect from the tion, in the centre of a great andl rich investment. * agricultural co.un:t y, commaJ?.ds for it a * * Eorn MAc NEILL. Na van was for centuries a corporate vary extensive1 trade, in1 farm produce; town . Its corporation £ell into the lpnds I • and its abun.dant supply .of fresh watei' - - -•.•--and profusion of available water power of. the local landlords and was extinLANCUACE CLASSES FOR cause it to figure largely in. the fl.our guished, not reformed, after the Union. In 1833, the burgesses numbered nine VOLUNTEERS. t rade. Among the mills and manufacmen, of whom "three we1:e" brothers of tures either in. the town itself or in. its In view of repeated inquiries, the immediate vicinity, are -tlve corn mills, Lord Tara and two were Lord Ludlow Kevin Bran.ch of the Gaelic Lea.gue has two paper mills, two distilleries, one and his land-agent, while only one was made arrangements for Language Ch_ 1sses tannery, a.nd various appliances for brew- . resident within the borough." "Navan for Volunteers . ing, for spinning, for frieze -making, and sent two members 'to the Irish ParliaThe Classes will take place on Mon~ ment from the second year of Elizabeth days and 'fhursdays in the Branch Pre·for casking manufacture ." till the Legislative Union.; but Lords mises, 6 Harcourt Strefat. Volunteers * * Tara _and Ludlow practically possessed who wish to join should present themIt inay here be observed that the . all its franchise, and they received in sehes at this address any 'I'hursday from special artificial source of Na van's former equal portions the whole of the £15,000" 7 o'clock unwards . prosperity, the canalisation of the Boyne, described as " compensation for disfranAlthough Classes are to be aTranged was the work of the Irish Parliament, in chisement" under the Act of Union, for all grades, the course is specially dethe generation before the Union.. That really a share of the immense sum which signed for the benefit of beginners. Parliament was perhaps the most corrupt Ireland was compelled to pay for the sale The Classes will he conducted as far as and unrepresentative Legislature that of her own franchi~e to the - Imperial possible according to the Rev. Fr. Toa.le.'s . ever bore the name of Parliament, yet it Parliament. method, and will be directed by Aghuistin did wonders for Irish prosperity and for * * * 0 hAodha (Co. C, 3rd). the developmen.t of Irish resources, so Perhaps the final stage in the Imperial 'fhe fee for the course will be 2/6 to . that nea.rly half a century of pure repreexploitation of the richest -vall'ey in the end of the Branch Session . sentative Imperial government was reEurope was the transfer, quite recently, Communications respecting the a.hove quired to exhaust the momentum created of the · Drogh~da Steamship Company should be addressedby a vicious domestic government and to frnm I rish to English proprietors. LIAM 0 BRIAIN (Co . D, 4th), set Ireland de:fin.itely moving on the down - c/o Craobh Chaoimhghin, grade. In 1834, the Lower Boyne Navi* * * The population of Meath inSraid Fhearcair a 6. gation passed under the control of that 1792 ·was 69, 000. grand Imperial institution, the Board of 1821 " 128,042. Public Wo-rks, and the later ·history of 1831 . " 136,872. the enterprise may he summed up in "C" COMPANY, 2nd BATTALION. 1841 " 183,828. what a man once said about his garden: The- members of this Company now 1851 " 140,750 . "God trusted it to me and I trusted it to meet in the Hurling Hall, Botanic Road, 1861 " 110,373. God, and between the pair of us it went corner of Botanic Avenue, every Tuesday 1871 " 95,558. to the Devil.'' evening, at .8 o'clock . A Drill Instructor 1881 " 87,469. attends each meeting. The rifle range is * * * 1892 " 76,987 . "A vidimus of the manufactures of - being fully availed of by the members, 1901 " 67,497. the county in 1802," just after the Union, and a marked improvement in sighting "shows that, at that time, ·from 200 to This is a fine record for Imperialism in has resulted since its introduction. The 300 loo~s wei·e employed in weaving the most fertile co unty in the "United position of the Hall should prove a boon sackcloth in the town of Navan, that a Kingdom," a county who~e 579,899 acres to the men of the Glasnevin district; its number of looms were employed upon the comprise · only 16,033 acres of waste central position- sho1.1ld also insure · a saine fabric in other parts of the county, land. large accession to the ranks of the Irish -that Dow las ' and three-quarters wide Vohinteers . A Drawing will be held on * * * coarse linens were manufactured for exSome months ago, the rur; l labourers the 6th April next for a fine Oil Painting portation, principally in the baronies of of Meath _approached one of the county by Smith, the gift of a friend. The tickets Slane a:i;i.d Duleek,-that linen of a finer members of the Imperial Parliament with are Threepence each. . 'fl1e proceeds will texture was mad~ in the baronies of a plaint that their weekly wages ought be devoted to the- purchase of rifles for Demefore and Lower Kells and sold in to be' raised from ten shillings to twelve the Company.

NOTES

.THE HUSH VOLUNTEER.

Saturday,- Janua.ry 30, HH5.

than Antwerp-it is merely employed on probably in a position to maintain themselves in what Russian territory they · a. sounder plan. · South -of Metz the Germans have sue- hold. 'rhe past week. has furnished a .considerceeded in· re-taking a share of the ground they had lost earlier -in the month, and able share of interest on the naval .side. In the western theatre the Germans around 'l'hann in the Vosges they are put- 'l'he French submarine "Saphir" was have been mainly on the offensive during ting up a firm resistance. On the whole, sunk by the coast · batteries wnile atthe past week . It is possible_ that· some - the French have had the better of affairs tempting to penetrate the Dardanelles. of their new formations of tro0ps are by on this southern flank . Still, there is no The sinking of the " Messudieh " has now sufficiently trained to be employed question of even threatening Metz and probably brought a.bout increased vigilon the lines of communication, thus set- Strassburg and the real milifa.J.'Y defence ance in the Turkish coast garrisons, and, ting free a number of troops of good of Germany supports its left flank on anythow, the experiences of the war up to the present prove that submarines are quality who were hitherto employed in these two fortresses . . that service. · In the northern. end of the In the Russian field of ope¥ations the practically ineffective against stronglygeneral battle line-the Allied left and new Russian offensive on the right bank defended harbours. A much more signifiGerman right-there has not- been any . of the Vistula is not likely to be a very cant incident was the sinking of the very marked activity. In this region the se-rious threat upon Field-Marshal von British merchant steamer "Durward" operations have been largely confined to Hindenburg '. The aim is to cro~s the by a German submarine in the North Sea. artillery duels, and even these are heavy Vistula and. turn his left, but the num- 'rhis is probably the beginning of- the only at certain points. hers of the Russian turnin-g army do not submarine war on English shipping· proTowards the _centre of the line the seem to ·be adequate . for this purpose. jected by Admiral von Tirpitz . It is . .,- fighting has ·b.een more serious. Soissons They are, indeed, forcing back the Ger- stated .t hat an entire submarine and dewhich oeing south of the Aisne is still in man troops on this eastern bank, but in stroyer flotilla. has left Heligoland,- prothe hands of the French- has bee~ such a . way as to indicate only a slight bably with that purpose. In addition, it heavily bombarded, as has Beny-a_u-Bac . superiority to them. The Germans on is , very likely that these small craft will 'rhe design of the Germans is evidently the western bank have strongly fortified carry out · organised a.t tacks on the to trv and expel the ] rench artillery from Dobrzyn, ten miles above Vloclavek, · ·British transports carrying the reinforcethe Craonne plateau and work down to- where there were good facilities for ~ross men.t s across the Channel, which the Gerwards Rheims . Marked success in this ing. Vloclavek is also strongly held, so mans will naturally expect to arrive early direction would result in the splitting in that the German Field-Marshal's line of in spring. In this connection it is intertwo of the Allied line, and that, too, at a railway to Thorn is not at present in any esting to note that the first supet-subpoint wher~ the lie of the roads and rail- serious danger. In the centre· of the line marine is said to -have concluded success- · ways favours a further German a.dvance, from Skierniewice by Rava and on along ful trials in. Heligoland Bight. This and is not so suitable for a junction of the Nida and Donajec, operations ~re vessel is . said to car~:-y supplies for a the French forces . Combined with these largely at a standstill. In ·the Car- couple of months and to be thus capable movements are the German attacks noth- pathians ·the heavy falls of snow have of cruising; ·on the high seas. The Ger:nrap. air raid on the 19th in the east of Rheims, where the French so.me prevented a.11 movement. The Russian time made fair progress, which .s'<3ems_ offensive iJl Bukovi:rta appeats to~ be Yarmouth :district was _prob~bly_· in:·> ~he · now to be checked. checked. -I n this region the. A~strian nature oCa.n -expe-rimen_t .· 'It is noteVery stubborn fighting has been go~!lg Commander Lodman has collected an worthy as the fii·st occasion on which on in the Argonne, north-west of Yer- army of considerable strength, , ~nd indi- Zeppelins were employed~ at least one of dun, for sev~ral days past, and the result cations are that he is about to pass to the these . craft. having been testified":' to' , in England, and three. having been seen o:ff still ha.n gs in the balance. The Germans offensive at any moment. have gained some ground but nothing of In South Africa the opemtions have Holland . The raiders sailed over a -cona very definite character. They are still been begun against German territory, but siderable section of the coast from Yarholqing firmly to their bridge-head across . so far there has been no serious fighting. mouth round to King's L ynn, dropping the Meuse at St. Mihiel, and if circumIt is very probable that serious opera- baml:is in all the to'wns en rouiie. The stances should ever favour- them suffi.- tions against Egypt will soon begin . 'J'he cruise lasted nearly three hours, but the ciently in this region to enable them to Turkish advanced-guard, consisting of a actual damage inflicted was small. isolate Verdun they would probably cap- strong body of Turkish troops and a Whether the rumour of another raid on ture that great fortress and ma.k e a huge great number of arab irregulars, is re- the 22nd is authentic or not, it is probbreak in the French defences . H itherto . ported thirty miles east of the Suez Canal. able that from :6..ow on the German air· Verdun is the only fortress that has Great numbers of troops are in El Arish fleet will become active when favourable withstood the Germans- a.nd for these and the Turkish army is-said to consist of weather conditions offer: reasons : Firstly, the surroun,ding country · the 4th, 6th, . and 8th. Army Corps, the is nothing like so well pro".:ided with Commanding General being Djemal A s k for roads as Belgium, being rough and Pasha. There has been considerably more wooded to a great extent. Consequently than the average am_ount of rain in the -. ~f the great siege trains can only be moved Sinai peninsula, so that the 'Turks will . Ii - · LL when the assailant enjoys complete be much better off than was expected in MANUFACTURED BY possession of the country . But the the matter of water, whieh it was thought French field armies are at present in would prove a serious difli4~lty. possession and until these are defeated There has been serious fighting in the and driven o:ff the fortress proper is safe. Caucasus, but up to the pre_s ent the Rus- S. C . ROA D , D UBLIN. . At Verdun, in short, we see fortress and sians appear. to have derived- no really 'seo.-6 mo.1r1u no. 'Oo.ome,'' field army mutually assisting each other. decisive result from their victory at Sary- ".o.r s c.&-C; o. ce1te .o. :bo.e-Oeo.to. :- · At Antwerp we saw a fortress without Kamish . The probability is that the adw e appeal to you as a Gael only for a trial the support of a field army crumble to vance of the 'l'urks to Ta.briz and beyond order. w e are certain to give you satisfaction. pieces . Probably if Verdun were isolated has compelled them to divert considerLA DI ES' AN D CE NTS' TAILOR •. and bombarded it would fall as easily as able numbers. In add.~tion the T~rks p.<S-n tt.o.1 :s o b out em, Antwerp : Verdun is scarcely stronger have _by now ~een ·reinforced, and are 2 LOWER ORMOND QUAY •

Ir.----------------,.,;;· THE ' WAR'

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literary. communications for the " Irish Volunteer" should be addressed in future to .VOLUNTEER HEADQUARTERS, , 41 Kil~are Stre~t 1 DUBLIN . All communications re Advertisements to be. addressed ·t o the' . . ·· ~'-' .. ;. · f:RISH · PRESS BUREJW·, , " 30 Lower Abbey Street, DUBLIN;

'' C '.' Company. Captain-Michael Cahill. 1st Lieutenant-Alexander Doyle. 2nd Lieutenant-'rhomas Toole. "G" Company. Ca.p tain-Michael Maher. 1st Lieutenant-Paul Dillon. 2nd Lieutenant-Michael de Lacey. P.H. PEARSE Director of Orga'n isation. H eadquarters, 41 Kildare Street, Dublin, 20th Jan., 1915. ' NO'rES FROM HEA.DQUA.R'rERS.

Tms~'. Irish

Saturday, janhary 30, i915.

_ Vario1is elections to' Company Officer- at first sight, but when cai·efully read '\\.ill be found to conta in nothing that isships were provisionally ratified. The Dublin County Board's fixture of not essential. Company Oommander·s will February 10th for a general meeting of find that they will a.dd much to the in" Dublin ·Volunteers to Be addressed by teres ~ and enjoyment of the week's work members 0f the Executive was approved. if they vary it as much as possible. 'l'lrn men ought not to· !>e kept at one branch He~d.quarters, 41 Kildare St., the whole night. F(rni· or five branches Dublin, 20th Jan., 1915. can be dealt with at a single parade if the time be wisely and economically used . APPOINTMENTS. 'l'he following elections - to ' Company A.hove all, there should be no loitel'ing. 1 0fficerships are pro'visionally ratified by Keep the men busy the whole time. Give every officer something to do. One should H eadquarters:specialise in scouting, another in tactics, Dublin Regiment. a third in musketry, and so on; and each 1st Battalion. : should take ch a1:ge of, or superintend, "C" Company. the instruction in .his particular branch . Captain-Thomas F. Dolan. Make each 'feel that he is doing . some1st Lieutenant-Frank Fahy . thing for the well-being and progress of 2nd Lieute"nant-J ames Brady. the Company. Every officer and every man shouJd Ii.ave his post assigned to h~m, Wexford Regiment. · and should always be there. · 1st (Enniscorthy) Battalion. "A." Company. Captain-Seumas Rafter. 1st Lieutenant-James Cullen. 2nd Lieutenant-Seumas Doyle.

MAHON

NOTICE.

-iRiSH VOLUNTEEA.

Volunteer.

Ex AMIN ATIONS. Candidates for permanent recognitio11 as Section Commanders or Company Officers should get busy immedia tel.v. 'l'he programme is of a nature that cannot possibly be "crammed" in a few weeks. · It must _be work~d at conscientiously and systematically,-Lncit by one's fireside but in one's drill hall and on the roags and hillsides. The tests will be practical, and the proper preparation is practical work with a Compan.J', HalfCpmpany, or Section. The date of · Exa1~ina t.ion A. will be announced shortly. Tliis '. will qualify the successful candidates for the ra.n k of Section Commander an.a: -for admission to the £~frther qualifyrng examinations for Compa.:µy Officers.

RECRUITING.

The pushing on of the Recruiting CamKEEPING IN 'roucH. paign is the need of the hour. In several A.t the last meeting bf the General centres the local c o1~ps - seem fully alive Council members of the Headquarters to their duty in -the matter, and have Staff found it necessary to draw attention already accomplished very effective r eto the failme of many Companies to keep cruiting work. In one district a. special in proper touch with Headquarters. In Recruiting Week has rallied a number to some cases the officers. fail to reply to I The General Council of ' the Irish Vol un- the standard . In another a Recruiting communications or to forward necessary teers met a.t Headquarte.rs on. Sunday, March , follovving on the distribution of .information. The General Co1.mcil .r esome telling ha'ndbills, has p1~oved fruit17th inst, Mr. James I ... edden presiding. gards it as of the utmost importance that Important reports were submitted on ful. Di:fl'erent methods will suit different every Company should keep in the closest the various· bra.i1ches of Organisation, localities. The thing is to think gut a possible tpuch witll Headquarters. A.ll 'l'raining, Ordnance, Supply, an d Finance.' plan 'of campaign t hat will suit the par- • communications ·should be acknowledged; · It was decided to draw the attention of ticular place, and th(:m to ' carry it out information asked for should be given Comprfoies, Battalions, and County spiritedly and thoroughly. There are promptly; instructions should be acted Boards to the. necessity of keeping in two main objectives·: first, to win back upon without delay; affiliation fees s}l.ould close touch with Headquarters, of all who have for no very good reason be forwarded punctually. Unless we acpromptly acknowledging and acting upon fallen away, and secondly, to enrol as custom ourselves to regarding ourselves ' all communications, of p11tting into im- many new recruits as possible. The as a military force, under a certain 1 mediate force the new Schemes of Or- number of young men who have not yet amount of military discipline and with ganisation an d 'l'raining, and pushing joined the Volunteers at all in some dis- deflnit~ · military obligations., we shall fonrnrd the Recruiting Campaign in their tricts is very large . It is for the local prove inept and ineffective when we are corps to get into touch wit)i these and respective Districts . put to the test.. It would be impossible The Central Executive met on W ednes- bring them in. ' Every man is to be a re- · to exaggerate the importance of proper da.y, 20th inst., Mr. P. H. Pearse pre- cru1ter and . to make himself responsible cohesion, closeness of touch, and unity for at least one recruit. siding. . of purpose bet~cireen Headqua.rters and the 1 ·'l lrn Directors of Organisation, Train- · · local units. Almost everything depends 'rrrn T1u.rnrnG Scr-rnim . ing, and- Ordnairne, and the Secretary for 'l'he ne'v 'l'raining- Prog·ntm111e must. Le upou this, aud the local officers will Le :Finance submitted reports. got going at once:" It looks formida bl'e well advised _to keep it always in view. SATURDAY, JANUARY 30, 1915.

HEADQUIRTfRS BULLETIN

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Saturday, JanuaJ-y 30, i915.

THE !RISH

VOLUNTE~R.

.IRISH .B ATTLES .

VI.-rrlIE BATTLE OF 'l'HE BOYNE. · On the 5th November, 1688, William, Prince of Orange, landed in England, and King James fled to France. Great B1:itain, except for the Highlancl~rs of Scotland, declared for the invader; Irela.nd stood by the King. 'l'he :i:esult was that the Protestants throuo·hout the ' KinO'dom fled to the North, ;here they 0 held Derry Enniskillen and other places ' ' for ..William. Tyrconnell, the Viceroy, now uro·ecl Kino· James to come to Ire- ' 0 fand . James co nsented, and sailed from Brest with a. French expedition on the 1st of March, 1689. .Soon afterwards the famo-qs General Schomberg, with . a foreign Williamite army, landed near Belfast, and occupied the town. James thereupon marched northward and met Schombe;rg· a.t Aphene, but merely made a demonstration before his camp before retreating on Dublin. On the 14th of June the following year William landed at Carrickfergus.

. 5,000 e:avalry, 'n1s 011 the left. Three separate actions resulted, which we shall describe from the Irish point of view.

southward than Donore, on the road to Dublin from Olclbridge, ' stands Duleek. "James's camp was pitched on the northern slopes of Donore, looking clown ·upon t_he river at Oldbridge . ' "Directly opposite to Old bridge, on the northem side of the rjver, the ground, as .on the south side, . rises rather abrnptly, sloping backwards, fopning:- a hill called 'l'ullyallen . 'l'his hill is interc . north and south, lea-clsected by a. ravrne ing clown to the river, its mouth on the northern brink being directly opposite Olclbriclge. The ravine is now called King William's Glen . On and behind Tullyallen Hill, William's camp was

left Wing. 'l'he Irish cavalry met the Williamite infantry crossing the river at Slane, aml held them in check for an hour, when O'N ei~l was mortally wounded. Then the supporting cavalry of the \:Villiamites, who had crossed at Ross-na-ree, joined in, and the Trish gave 1Yay. They would have now been cut oft from the main body but for the anival of some French infantry and some more Irish cavalry, under · the French general Lauzun. The Jacobites occupied a hill behind a marsh, and the enemy cli<l not ventme to contiu ue their attack uutil some reinforcements arrived, when they · began wo;rking round the Jacobite -flank towards Duleek . ,, '·

·\\

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PLAN Of

·'lm B&.1Jm --or--

Tim BOINil Jullf I, 169Q .

",,

The En9/is/J Camp

CJllOUZIQei:1C:ma:CuC1111111iDai

OR&HEOA

PRELIMINARY MANCEUVRES.

·Hearing of William's arrival, James marched northward to meet · him on the 16th of June_. His army consisted of 23,000 men, Irish and French. · Of the Irish, 10;000 were raw levies, armed with short pikes and ·scythes. They had twelve pieces of artillery . The a1~my reached Dundalk on the 22nd . . William was now at Newry at the head of a force of 52,000 men-Dutch, Scandinavians, ·Swiss, Prussians, J'ren~h Huguenots, English; Scotch, and Ulster Scotch. These were supported by sixty · camrnn. Before this overwhelming army \ tlie Jacobites retired, and finally took up a position on the· southern . bank of the Boyne . ·

pitched, looking southwards, · to,'rnrds; but not altogether in sight of James's, on the other side of the river." · William observed easy fords at Oldbridge, and others at Slane. He therefore decided to send a strong outflanking party to' cross the river at Slane, wliile William's army reached the Boyne on the main body were to force the fords at the morning of the 30th June, 1690. Old bridge. James, i;ealising the danger . William himself r econnoitred the·. posito his left, sent 500. cavalry under Sir tion, which ''"e shall describe in the words Neal O'Neill to defend Slane . He also of A . M. Sullivan: sent half his available artillery to the "The Boyne enters the Irish Sea a . same spot. The Oldbridge fords were demile or more to the east of Drogheda , but fended principally by breastworks and for a mile or two above or to the west of farm buildings, behind which the main the town the sea tides reach and rise a.nd _body -Of the Jacobite musketeers and fall in the river, Two miles and a half · pikemen lay. Pa.trick Sarsfield, the up the i'iver from · Drogheda, on the ablest of the Irish generals, was placed southern bank, is the little_ village of m command of the reserve behind Oldbridge. About five miles in a. direct Donore. line due west of Oldbridge (but considerA shot from an Irish cannon cut short ably more by the curve of the river), \:Villiam's reconnaisance by wounding which between these points bends deeply him slightly in !he shoulder. southwards), stands the town of Slane on the northern bank . The ground rises 'l'HE BATTLE. rapidly from the river at Oldbridge, On the morning of the 1st July the sloping backwards, or southwards, about assaul~ commenced. The Williamite a mile, to the hill of Donore, ou the crest right, 10,000 men under Douglas and the of whid1 strrncls a little ruined ehurch (it. :vom1gel' Re11omberg-, sei: out for Slnne. was a ruin even in 1690) and a grave- 'l'he centre was commanded by the elller yard . 'rhree miles and a half further Schomberg. vYilliam himself, with

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l/Je;lr1sh Arm)'

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Cenitre. . rl'he ·williamite attack _.was preceded by heavy artillery fire, to which the Jacobites could not reply, for J ames had sent the remaini1ig half of his artillery back to Dublin. The Dutch infantry then advanced . 'l'hey were followed by the Ulster regiments and the Huguenots. The river was 'crossed with hardly any loss, and 10,000 of the enemy formed up on the southern bank. They received the charge of the Irish pikemen with a murderous volley, which completely ;·outed these raw levies. Two. other charges met the same fate . It w~s left to the Irish cavalry to save the posfiion . 'l'hese hurled themselves on to the Dutch and drove them back into the river. Some fl.eel, and a large number were killed. While the issue was still • doubtful, Schomberg, ·leading a ;reserve regiment to the rescue, was killed . The attack, for the moment, was a complete failure. Right Wing. William and his cavalry behind Tullyallen, hearing of the repulse of his centre, crossed the Boyne by the lowest ford. Here J a.mes's son, the Duke of Berwick, -was in command. The two forces of c-avahy charged eaeh other simultaneously. '!'here was · a tei·rible shock, and the next moment the William·

'THE rn1sH VOLUNTEER.

I mo tu<>.mtm rein.

Saturday, January 30, 1915.

ite cavalry was 1Hokeu, and flying for the river . Here they were reinforced. by infantry from the cent-re, and were able to rally, and the Irish, being outnumbered, r etreated to Sheephouse, half mo .6.t:.& 50 m611 1 n -e<\f11.6.til .61' 11.6. way to Donore. At this point they made PRINCIPLES OF EMPLOYMEN'l'. a ,stand, and repulsed William's attacks h05L.&C.6.t1) eol<'r be.1CC "" .6.11 "OUt.6.15. 'l'he principal ch~racteristic of cyclists until Ginkel arriyed to assist - him. C.1ttre.6.l' re.6.c.6.tn cm 5e rm. 11 i c11e1-pre.& is their power to move rapidly, and if Another terrible cavalry fight now took .6. lc.•5ec."O eolc.tr 1r .6.C.& 65 ruttri16tt 5c.e'Oe.6.l neces&ary for long distances, in a country place, and again the \Villiamites fled. ..6.1' .6. 5cc.tc.111 116 .6.11 .6. "OC,\otl) -ci11e 116 <l.l\ .6. well supplied with roads of fair surfaec . 'C.& 11c. milce But ·when tlie Irish returned from the mb.i1Le coriln.6.t'Ote re111. Compared with mounted troops, they can "O'fe.6.l\.6.1l'> 65<\ 1 5c~t-11!' t'.>.6.1Le -6.t.6. CL1.1t travel more silently, am less conspicuous, pursuit they were attacked in rear by a detachment from the Williamite centre, 11.&11· re<'r l\1.6.ril .6.Jt 1)-'1111 .<\11 t:.Ste1l'.le nu.<\1'6 , and' can c.onceal themselves with greater which had at last forced the Oldbridge <:::.& 11.6. ce.6."0"Cc. 1 5cc.t<l.1tt betl fett1r-ce n.6.c facility. fords. Overwhelming numbers had eol "0611) c~r.&n ·11.& con.<\1l'e .<\l' t<l.011) t'.>111ne Their sphere of action lies between the mc.u.6.56111 . lli Ile rtn .6.11 cum 1r me.6.f.6. ca rried the clay. main body and the outer line of protecBy this time the left wing· had also ue . 'Oo-5eol)t.& r.&'n cuii.1t te111 r111 c.5ur tion of the force with which they are actbeen driven in, but was covering the line 65.&n.6.t5, .6.5ur 11i 1'>ec.5 c. lion, 11c.c l)re.iurc.u ing. Within these limits their ·employof retreat to Duleek. The whole Irish uume u'tJ.l'l'f4'6 eol'J.r .6.11 l'le.6.Lc.15 ot1tc. uo ment in formed bodies on special missions, army now fell back slowly. At Duleek cu11 .6.11 .6.11 eoL.6.r 1 5 ceat""C 50 uci .6.n bJ.tle such as the rapid seizure of points of imthey prepared for another stand, but m611 b.1'1'.> 50111e 'Ootl). ,0,5ur m_J.ltltl' le portance, the_destruction of railways and William would not attack. The Irish 11.6.cc.11 n6 r.6.u. b6t6111 uo to1i1,\1r. uo filfe.& bridges, and the interception of the .5u11 buc.1u e rt"n uo t~.1n u1c. .6.1' 5.6.eue&i,\11.'>. lost not a single gun , and only two "Ct.6. riie,\"O rnil_e 50 5<l.lltrh .6. 'Ou111e c61tt?" enemy's movements will often be invalustandards. 11 m'.6.11J.m rnu1re 50 l'lrutl re pior.i. mc.1t "Oe able. °COMMENTS. In battle, by reason of their mobility, t'.>6t.6.t1." S111 i .6.n t11e.6.51'.6. uo f,e,ol'lt.& u.& 'l'he battle was a complete mistake on 5cutt1re.& .6. \ettern r111 ue ·cetr-c .6.l\ .6.11 cyclists are best suited for employmep.t James's part. With such forces as his; on the flanks of the force, either to pro. 115 11.&t-Sc.e'Oe.6.l. aucl with suqh opposing· forces, he should long their own line or to envelop the • have known that the line Slane-Oldenemy, or as a local reserve for reinforc11i m611 uumne eol.<\f uo cu11 .6.11 .6.5c.1u 11.6. . i:i:i_g weak points . bridg·e ~a s u~ten able. H~s greatest mis· take during ..the battle was t]J.e sending h~tre.6.1111, ·.6.5ur 50 m611-rn6t1 .<:\l' .6.11 mb.6.1Le In pursuit a. vigorous use of their of his artillery to Slane . ('l'he sending m6t1 ~5ur .6.1' .6.n c4otl'l -clt1e .6.5ur .6.l' .6.11 mobility may enable cyclists to occupy of the first half of his artillery to Dub~in 5con-c.6.e 111.6. tirutl .6.l\ 5coriln.6.1'6e. 'C'.& 4 tactical points or defiles along the before the action was, of course, the act L.&11 ue .l'lu1u1111) q5L.&c .6.5ur uo f'iLre.& ot1t.6. enemy's line of retreat, and thus materiof coward and a fool.) His third mis- 5ur~b .6.till.6.1'6 1r u615 Leo 5ut1.6.b 1r-c1 5 ally assist in turning it into a rout. ' take was his failure to make any use of 1 h.6.l\.,.6. f05lutmeot.6.f rM"O Ce.6.l'Ul1d fe11111e . In retreat, . they should act on the nl he4'6, miirEM'O . 11i he.6.'6, c.c-c .6.mut5 r..i Sarsfield' s reserve. flanks, prolonging the rear-guard.'s front; Defeat, .however, was a. forgone con- 11.6. c11oc.6.11) .6.5~r r.& 11c. 5Le.6.11n-c.6.1t'.>; "tt1e thus compelling the enemy to .make a clusion. James should not have at;. com5.6.t1 5c.c.6. con.6.1t1e .6.5ur -ctte <61tilttero wide turning movement. By ~ · ·stubborn tempted to ~aefend ])ublin,. b~t should 5.6.c.6. u1.6.mtt.6.1$e,'' !'o b' , i rt11 rL15e 11.6. resi~tance and i;i.. full use of their mobility have taken Sarsfield's advice and held the fe111ne. le.6.11c.1mir--11e .6. Lo115 -r.6.11. and· fire power they can delay the advancline of the Shannon, which wGuld have * * ing columns of the enemy, and assist the been a comparatively easy task. 1r ue.6.r .6.n l\U"O l'le1t .05 cumc.u cec.tt1.6.l' withdrawal of their own troops. It is_interesting to note the importance 50 rL.6.ci:::mc.t1 ,O,c-c 11uc.1t1 l'lec.r .6.n 11c.m.6. .6.l' Coast defence is an important. duty of of cavalry in this battl!'), and especially .6.l' u-ci, 116 rmne .6.l' .6. ti-re.6.n, 1r m.6.11'5 r11111 cyclists. A vigilant look-'out and a rapid the efficiency of the Irish cavalry. m.& cutt11miu ..6.l' mutn5111 .111.6. Le1tern rm. concentration, based on early and accun.6. Ctli 111'6 1f m6 .6. mbet'O 5.6-1).6.'6 Leo .6.11 l.& rate information, will enable them to r111 '.1. u11cu11-mc.1t 1 Lu.6.r cor, .6.5ur eol.6.f .6.11 adopt a vigorous offensive the mome-rrt an 3rd DUBLIN BATTALION. .6.1t$tOl\l\.6.. opportunity for action occurs . Pield day next Saturday. . Companies • • .I n general the tactics /of cyclists are "~ill assemble as already ordered at 11.30 Cutt11mir eoL..1r, m10n -eol.6.f, eot.6.f ct1utn11 the same as those of infantry suppleo'clock. Full day's rations . · be.6.c-c, .11t1 .6.l' m b.6.tle re111 1 u-cor.6.c . 11.& mented by greater mobility. They der.&5c.1mir b6_t.6.l' 11.& b6ttt1l11, r11ut 11.& p.&1t1ce pend on their fire-power, which .in their .6.1111 5.6.11 .6. Clldl\"Ct1$.6.U .6.5Ur .d tec.C.6.111 .6.5Ur case can be carried to greater distances .6. m10n-r5t1uuu5c.u. 11.& bimir r.&r-c.6. 50 in less time. Their mobility should not OF be1t uut1111 com otl-ce rm 50 ui:1ocr.i.u Ltnn be used for an indefinite purpose, - but .6.fl- mbe.6.L.6.c uo 'Oe.6.11.dtil 6 ce.6.nn ·ce.6.1111 .6.11 FOREIGN~MANUFACTURED rather to move them for a definite object, l'.l.6.1te 1 t.&11 01uc~ .6.5ur "0.6.tl'1-pu1ci11 ot1.6.11111 . .. AT to gain which it ·is · essential that they ,O,ni.6.c t11111 .6.11nr111 5 0 u-ci .6.TI bd1Le 1r 501t1e should adopt a: vigorous offensive action uu111·11 .6.5qr eol.6.f uo cut1 .6.11' rt n .6.l\ .6.11 116r lll order to . defeat the enemy.

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LONDON VOLUNT~~R DANCE. A V ohm teer Plearaca will be held on Saturday, January 30th, _at St. G~or.ge·'s Hall, Westminster Bridge Road, London, S:E. A special programme is being arranged, including bayonet _exercises 1 rifle and physical drill, evolutions, etc. 1 and a special appeal will be made for re• cruits.

THE iRISH VOLUNTEER.

Saturday, JanuaJ:y 30, 1915.

ROLL - CALL. ,

Wexford is organising itself apace. An Acting Commandant for the county has beep. _selected, and the Companies are grouping themselves into Battalions.

· Ca.ptain Sean Sinnott. is Wexford's choice for - Commandant. With hard work he will be able to weld his Battalions· into an effective Brigade. It-will be a race between J)ublin, Wexford, Kerry, and Limerick as to which will first qualify for recognition as a Brigade District.

It is not a matter of size or of riull\bers. It is a matter of organisation. The Companies must be alive and e'fficient, the Batt~lions must exist in fact, with their Battalion organisa.tion perfected, before ·Headquarters will recogmse them as ::t Brigade.

Lieut. Seamus Doyle is Wexford's efficient County Secretary, and Capt. Seamus Rafter is keeper of Wexford's Volunteer purse. On the whole, things look healthy down that way.

Skerries, and sm"aller groups at Donabate and Santry. A move is on foot to bring together all these units as a Finga11 Batta.lion_. Capts. Lawless and Colman and Lieut. Law~ess are lookl.ng after the district, * * * At Rathfarnham a fortnight ago Scout . Commander Keegan lectured on Scovting, with special reference to the possibilities of the neighbourhood,-and these are many. The local Com~any is making itself acquainted with every hill and glen in the Dublin Mountains.

Some of the smaller Dublin City Com!J::,tnies are rend,ering a good account .of thems~lves under difficulties : In the Blackhall Street area, Acting Capt. McCormick is keeping Capt. Monteith's Company (A Coy., 1st Batt.) hard at work. ·At the same centre Acting Capt. Allwright holds together the faithful remnants of H and G Coys.

In the Fairview district Capt. O'Reilly (F Coy., 2nd Batt.) shares Capt. Hunter's miniature rifle range. Other City Companies talk of clubbing together to erect ranges. The more the better. '.

- *

Belfast keeps at work . 'l'he first memorable march clown the Falls Road with rifles had a moral effect which will remain. Acting Commandant.. McCullough is justly proud of the spirit and discipline of his men. Spring will bring larger opport1mities of field work. In the meantime there must be no falling off.

Fin gall is getting husy. Ther~ are active Companies in Swords, Lusk, and

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IHEtAND OVER .ALL.

THE IRISH VOLUNTEER.

I expressed in my notes of a fortnight ago some ideas of mine regarding certain qualifications I believe ought to be essential for officership in the Fianna. My remarks were treated by some of my distinguished superiors in _the Dublin Battalion with a levity the reverse of polite, and as I am convinced of the importance of this matter I intend fo'r their edification as well as for my own defence, to pursue this subje~t a little further this week.

Saturday, January 30, 1915.

of such men we m the Fianna. must dedicate our lives.

For this exceptionally difficult task we need exceptionally qualified officers. I have said that the first qualification for officership in the Fianna , ought to be a great and real love for boys. I will go further and say that an officer who desires to lead his boys along the lines I have stated must possess a personality that will inspire love, respect, and admiration • • • Now as I am a "mere boy,'' not a amongst the boys he has under his conphilosopher; I will deal with _the matter trol. - He must possess a broad and unas my experience and sense will direct prejudiced mind and exercise it not only and wiff lei:tve the sociology and psycho- in matters that relate to his sltrngh and logy of the thing to the men with wisdom to the Fianna but in everything that and beards . It seems to me that if the effects the nation and humanity as ' a Fianna is to be of any real service to the whole. I have not mentioned military nation it must have a permanently good knowledge for that, in my opinion, is the effect on the individual boy. It must so least important and in any case is more inspire his ·thought and direct his energy easily acquired. Officers possessing the as to bring out all the finer traits in his qualities I have mentioned must he procharacter· to ' his own and the nation's cured for the F'ianna if the organisation good . He· Ol1ght to leave the orga_nisa- is to become an important and useful tion with a broad and intelligent grasp factor in the life of the nation . As I .deof national affairs so that he may be sire to see the Fianna become such, and fitted for the duties of citizenship. He as I believe that the fellows who stood ought to possess military discipline and up to the police and -military at Clontarf moral courage . Every man ought to be have it in them to make the organisation a soldieT; and every man ought to have- such as I (and even th.e jocular offi cers) the courage of doing the right thing even desire, I express.....my dissatisfaction with when it means personal loss or mipop11- our present spasmodic efforts and advolarity. ,The ma~ who is not permitted cate improveme~t. to bear arms is reduced to the status of * * a slave; the man' whose sense of As I have dealt with the important righteousness is not shperior to his sense question of offi~ership, I will wind up my of politeness or his sense of gain reduces remarks wit-h a fe" stray ideas regarding himself to a moral servitude. What the our system. It seems to me that our preIrish N a.tion needs most is men, men in sent sluagh system is not a happy one. the real sense of the word . To the making The ages of the boys in the same sluagh

vary too greatly . One often finds in n sluagh boys from eight to eighteen yeaTS of age. 'L1he grouping of boys in this manner seems to me to be wholly wrong . The. governing and training of boys from eight to twelve years of age ought to be very different from that 0f boys between the ag·es of thirteen and sixteen years. I 'rnuld also have a different course of training for boys between sixteen and eig,hteen years . In fact, I would divide the Fianna into groups as follows: Boys_ between 8-12 years : the scout period. Boys between 12-16 years : the Fianna or soldier period. Boys between 16-18 years : the cadet or officer period. I will develop this theory of mine next week . . WILLIE NELSON.

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''FIANNA'' Conducted by members of Na Fianna Eireann.

KEE~AN,

Gun and Rifle Maker & Ammunition Merchant ,

Plug

TOBACCO

PRICE ONE PENNY.

FOR voqJNTEERS. W. & M. T~VLOR.

On Sale Everywhere Feb. 1st.

. DUBLIN .

H. Holohan & Co., Importers and Exporters of Malacca, Basket, Toy and Pulp Cane. and White Sticks and Osiers.

1782

The .Volunteer

13/6 JOHN

To Measure

1914

Speci 1lly designed for marching, and manufactured in my own f 1ctory by Irish 1rade Union Labour. Post Orders promptly attended to~

M~LONE,

NORTH KING STREET, DUBLIN.

Buff

Manufacturers of Art Wicker Furniture, Travelling, Laundry and Factory Hampers. Wicker- Trucks and Handcarts, etc.

USHERS' QUAY,

DUBLIN.

G.P.O. CONTRACTORS. Tel'e phone 2921. Founded 1895.

Print ed for the Proprietors by P. M.illo:K, S Ya.rnhall St., Dublill, and published at .'the Volunteer Headquarters, 41 . Kilda_re .St., Dublin.

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SUPPLEMENT TO THE IRISH YOLUNTfER. '.

LESSONS Of THE FLANDERS BATTLES. The nature of the fighting going on at the present time in Belgium and Northern France is such that many valuable lessons ma.y be learned from it which are applicable to· Irisl!_ conditions. The scene of the present fighting is a very inj;ricate country: sand-hills, canals, numerous villages, a great network of trenches. 'l'he tactical conditions are very similar to those presented by the ordinary Irish countryside with its numberless walls, ditches, hedges, drains, etc. A detailed study of the fighting in this Western theatre of the great war will amply repay · _those Irish Volunteer · officers who think it worth their while . Success in . such operations can .never come as a single direct act : a general success is merely the sum of_a great number of minor successes: Each one of these · little gains has a certain solid value of its own, and each side seeks to make the most of these small values. An advance at one point ma.y be counterbalanced hy the loss of another point, and victory in the encl rests with the side which has the greatest number of petty advantages to show . Moreover, each step in advance may become a starting-poi_n t for a further effort: a trench, a cluster of trenches, the edge of a wood, a. building, ·a. village, or a knoll may be so situated a.s to considerably facilitate further operatiqns. A few selectio:Q.s from the numberless newspaper reports will serve to bring home what is meant. '' A mine was exploded by the German.s underneath one of our trenches on the right of the line, and several yards of trench were blown in. Under cover of this German snipers advan~~d, occupied part of our line that had been destroyed, and enfiladed the rest. When this party bf the enemy had established itself a larger body advanced to the attack." Of course, exactly the same thing rp.ight not happen in Ireland, but something very similar. For instance·, suppose a - force A is holdi:gg .an ordinary ditch and hedge, and a force B is holding a similar pqst 70 yards away at the other side of a - field: clearly, neither can advance. But suppose a small group B2 of the second force succeeds in crawling along behind the hedge on a third side of the field and establishes itself on a :flank of A . Even a dozen rifles in such a case would inflict ruinous losses on A and throw the troops into such· confusion that an advance of the main body of B could be easily made and would sweep the others away . " In the district of . Steenstraate a.nd

Bixschoote we captured a wood, some houses, and a redoubt." Such a. despatch as this does •n ot announce a great victory and the mi.n or points named are not of any serious military importance in themselves. But they may be so placed as to be in the- nature of a wedge-or rather the thin end of a wedge-driven into the enemy's general line. 'l'hey may offer opportunities to deliver a :flanking fire on any attack the enemy may wish -to make in the neighbourhood. Finally; they ~ay prove very valuable rallying points where a small force well handled might be able to check the pursuit of a successful enemy. Similar small successes of a negative or defensive nature are exemplified in the following :- " The supe1:iority of our artillery showed itself by the interruption of the enemy's fire, the. destruction of machine-g·un shelters and observation posts, and the dispersal of a con.centration." 'l'hese are examples of the sort of success to aim at in order to paralyse an advance. Obviously any or all of them could be accomplished in a number of other.ways besides artillery superiority. It could, for instance, be brought about by a surprise attack at close quarters" 'l'o the north of Maricourt .we were obliged to abandpn. a trench captured the day 'before, which ·was se.t on fii·e by the enemy by means of hand grenades ." In dry weather a hedge could be similarly burnt out. Such a very specialised . kind of fighting as this caHs for special equipment of some kind with which the ttoops engaged must be provided . Thus the proport_ion of entrenching tools per unit is largely increased, and a considerable number of the men on ·each side are suppli~d with wire-cutting shears to cut down the ba-rbed wire entanglements which form an important factor of defence. In Ireland there would not be the sa.me need for trenching tools, for the defences a.re mostly ready-made. But there should certainly be an ample supply of tools suitable for breaking down hedges; light, strong, sharp axes, small strong saws, short heavy bill-hooks . . And in addition every man should carry a large, strong knife in· a leather sheath. In fighting of this kind it is more important for troops to be alert and determined tha.n well-trained or armed. Much of the fighting would be between small parties of men, and either hand-to-hand or at close range. In such circumstances comparatively raw troops, if willing and well led, can meet highly-disciplined troops on a fairly equal footing: there is no reason why a dozen half-trained troops should not be able to hold a bank and hedge against a score of regulars, and similarly it is possible for a score of raw

•

men to slH'prise a.nd -overwhelm a dozen of the regulars in a narrow lane at night. And again, at twenty yards range · a revolver is as good a weapon. as a rifle, and at two it is better. But the most important point of all in this close semi-fortress fighting is the need of the most complete system · of scouting that can possibly be · obtained. 'l'horough r econnoitring not only prevents surprise against yourself, but informs you of a.ny chances that may arise to surprise the enemy. Careless -reconnaissance in such circumstances becomes doubly criminal.

- - -·•!•- - -

STRATEGIC ASPECTS Of THE SHANNON. ·

It is manifestly true that the natu~·al features of any .country, such as rivers: lake~/ mountains, or forests, md:'st exert a very powerful influence on all military operations carried on in" that_ country. As the River Shannon is by far and away the most remarkable geographical feature in Ireland it may be use.fol to notice. its importance in thi re_spect, and to see whether it is not possible to gather any lessons- from the part it has play(3d in tlie Irish wars;- - - - · · · - This great iiver, with a length of about 220 miles, is a great n~tural artery dividing Ireland into two unequal parts. From its mouth- a.bout three-fourths of the way down the we t coast-t~ Limerick, a dista~ce of 50 miles, its general direction is east and west. 'l'hen it bends at right angles and for the rest of i_ts course lies practically north ana' south. It thus surrounds on two sides the province of Connacht and the County of Clare, or about one-fourth of the country. From the sea to Limerick the river is ·practically a great tidal estuary. This part of its course is consequently the domain of sea-power-a fact the result of which was s~en a. thousand years ago in the Danish invasions. · An entrance was afforded to a resolute invader through which he could penetrate to the heart of the country. This is jus.t as true to-day, for large ocean-going ships can ascend to Limerick, where there is a large graving-dock. From Limerick up· to the . head of Lough Allen the Shannon presents the usual military obstacles offered by a large river. It is bridged in several places, and in a few is even -fordable. ·But for long distances in parts the banks are marshy and no roads approach the river, so that extra bridging . would be largely re . stricted. This limitation is further in.

•

SUPPLEMENT TO THE IRISH VOLUNTEER.

11.

creased by its expansion in pla~es into long lakes of some miles width. Above l1ough Allen the upper waters flow from a mountainous desert. 'l'he most obvious .military use of the Shannon would naturally be as a defensive line for Conirncht against an invader fr.om the east, and of this, of com se, the gl'eat example is the Jacobite v\Tar after the Battle of the Boyne. 'l'hen the Irish held Athlone and Limerick-the two keys of the river; and also Sligo, and Gabrny, which, w·ith Limerick, were open for supplies from France. At that time, too, the French held a superiority on sea ; so that .for a long time the Irish position was virtually unassailable, and their subseqwmt defeat was not due to any weakness in the river line. . Another . object," at first much less evident, can .also' be served by the river: it is by far the easiest line of defence against an enemy landing on the west coast of Ireland-wheTe very many of l1er ii1vaders have come. 'l'hus in 1798 it · was this line which Comwallis decided to hold against Humbert: it was much shorter, much more easily watched, and much more easily reached with supplies than the actual coast itself. And Humbert, for his .part, fully realised the urgent need of getting across tlie river, and that only on th~ · eastem bank:.-in other words in the heart of Ireland-would the full e:ffe~t of success be felt. In this case control of the sea had also passed to the eastern bank, so the line had to be forced. But· if 'we suppose the case of an invader with supremacy on sea, .then the left of the defe~d.ers' line at Limerick can be turned .a nd the e.n tire line becomes un~ trnable. Although in late vears several new bridges have been th;o wn across the river the 'g eneral conditions remain unaltered. Further, even to-clay Limerick and Athlone are the vital points, for it is there that the principal railway bridges exist. In fact, there are only three railway l:)ridges across the riyer. In au outline sketch like this it is nQt possible to do more than touch on the subject, but each section of the rive~> s course should be studied in detail with reference to the past campaigns and t.o all recent indi.lstrial developments. 0

•

Halt ·a t KELLY'S 40 AMI .ENS STREE.T , VOLUNTEER

OUTFIT MANUFACTURER.

5-Pocket Leather Bantlolier Belts R,ifle Slings Caps Haversacks Puttees (same as Uniform)

5/· 1 / 6 & 2/·

each 1 / • from 2/ 6 ... 10d. & 1 /· 1 /6

All above made on Premises. UNIFORM TO MEASURE : .. .30/·

Spurs, 2/6 & 3/·. Special Marching Boots, 10/6. Also SHIRTS, COLLARS, TIES, CAPS, HATS, SOCKS, BRACES, etc.

EVERYTHINC TO EQUIP AN ARMY.

Saturday, January 30, 1915.

-0.1rc.111u50.u -'11 curo ue t&1rhlE>o.1'.lott no. f10.n11 n81tte~\nn o.5t1r o.tt o.1n:it> ...\1111te o.-c.6 rc11il'>-ce ~'sur -0r Cl11D e1Le ,\l:;~.\ Le rcttlot'l.,u ror . C &11p lu riotttJu1ueo.c u.6.ru-Co1ri::e no. 1'.lf1J.1111 1 u~ooo blocuntiJ. 11,, bpe1cuu1ri uo t...i.tJo.1tt-c o.r- 10.ro.c-c uu111n.

1. 2. 3.' 4. 5. 6. 7.

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-On rc1J.nttJ.1'.l.011c coro.15. -On 5<\.f'Uc\ 5lo.1ce. ce,rnn -coro.15 o.n r-cu1c. -On C1 oc. -On tto.uo.ttc ue1r1u. -On u1101ceo.u. -On corhlo..

8. 9. 10.

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'O'in.e.o.c -0.5us n.o. :sunn-01 .1st1:Ste. "b.u1Lr5i:eo.tt" mo.tt 1r 5n<1.t. Co1me<1.uto.11 o.n 5unno. rlor ultteo.c le cL10.t...\n ueo. . o.n um11e. n.1nn 0.11 5un110. o.tt o.on Une le ttlnn no. co1re ue1re . feo.co.tJ be.0.5 ro. l<l.1m tJe1r . 511e1m 6.5 6.11 l<\.1m 1)e1r 6.l\ o.n n5U11n.1111 6.1Ce 6.11 1:'.>6.11116. lOC"Cdt'0.15, Ul\U1m no. l.&1me o.mo.c, o.n Ol1D65 le1r o.n 5ceo.ttt6.rila111, no. me111eo.nno. rin-ce leno. te1Le 1 le f<l.no.15 rlor en.om cn.u.o.c. IF YOU WANT TO SHOOT STRAIGHT come to

THE FOX & CO. SHOOTING RANCE, 74 THOMAS STREET.

Managed by all-round Sportsman. Avail of our Competitions and Money Prizes.

~ichael' s- Caps 3s. Sd. HATS.

All

AT lld. ls. Sd, 2s. 5d.

10s. 5d. BOOTS.

All One. Price.

Open 1 p.m. to 10.30 p.m. Sundays from 11 a.m. to 10.30 p.m.

MICHAELS, 77 Talbot St., DUBLIN.

DO Y'OU FEEL WEAK, Depressed or run down? CAHILL'S AROMATIC QUININE AND IRON TONIC will tone you up, steady your nerves, improve your appetit'9, enrich your blood. For summer lassitude, for Neuralgia , try a bottle, ls. and 2s. ; postage 4d. Made only by :ARTHUR J. CAHII,L, The National Chemist,

BANNERS, FLAGS &SASHES

82A Lower Dorset Street, Dublin.

SEND YO,UR COLLARS, SHIRTS, etc., to

NATIONAL

M-. Cahill & Co.,

Pari~u~t7~. st.,

RIFLES~

.VOLUNTEERS!

THE

for all- occasions designed and made at Lowest Prices.

LAUNDRY

60 SOUTH WILLIAM - STREET, DUBLIN.

UNIFORMS CLEANED AND PRESSED IN TWO DAYS. ,

IRISH·MADE BOOTS FOR IRELA'ND.

CARLOW BOOTS · Made on the hand-sewn principle. Smartest and best. See that the name GOVERNEY, Carlow, is stamped on every boot, and don't accept substitutes.

Stevens .22 Repeating Rifle, American, 40 / ·. Winchester .22 bolt action, 20 / -. American made .22 rifles from 10/· upwards. Rifle Slings, Oil, Pull-Thros, Cleaning Rods, Sight Protectors, etc., at Lowest Prices. Knuckledusters, 6d., 9d., 1 / 6. Life Preservers, 1 /4 upwards. Sword Qases from 1 / 6, great variety. Large Stock of .22 Ammunition, lowest trade Prices. DEAL WITH AN IRISH FIRM.

JOHN LAWLER & SON, 2 Fownes's Street, Dame' Street, DUBLIN.