THE
EDITED BY EOlN MAC NEILL. Vol. 2.
'No. 27
(New Series.)
I
I
There 11.e 1·er was a time when it was rnure lieedfu l for the Irish Vo lunteers to press on with the work of a rming, training, perfecting ~rnd extend in g their organisat ion. l\ow more than e ver the Volunteers are Ire land's reliance , .Lf we were under a ~ at.ional Government, with :tll the reso urces of the country at its call and with yea rs to 1.Juilcl up a system of ;\atio1nl defence, it might Ix: all 1·e ry well to de·l1ate and hold out for the most perfect things that any country e1·er had for .its p rotection . The ·mos t [> rfect thing now is the thing that can be Jone best nO\r, and the thing that can·t be done is ·JE110 good. * * H ow ma ny men lll · your company haYe no arms ? If you ha »e only "- half corn pan y, how mauy of them b;ixe no arms? If you are only a scouting sect ion, how many of you ba\·e no arms? Find tbat out at once, and then let every man tltat ltas no arms be provided at once witlt tlte best weapons tltat can be got at once , Those weapons may ha 1·e to be discardeu next week or next year .if ·better can be got then, \\That matter? ·><
-l(·
The bes t an.ilable 11·eapon may be a magazine rifle with uayonet, a rifle without a bayonet, a bayone t without a rifle, an automatic pistol, a common revohe r, an old 98 p ike, and anything from that down to a pointed stick or a catapul t, provided it can be h<tndled so as to put the 111;:111 on tbe other side out of action , While you are waiting for a present of a machine gun with ammunition' for a whole campaign, get the thing you can ge t now; and exe rcise you rself with it till you feel sure that you ca n 111 ake the other man afra id of you, ·Jf
We are now in the longes t clays of the year . Thi s is the time for studying the country and practis in g field work. . Tra in your eye to the country , v\Tbetber you a re walking the road, ridi ng a bicycle, or trave lling by train, you can a lw;iys he obse n·ing, nlw;iys noting the possil >iliLi cs , Th ere is nnl ~1 sin gle nntur::il nr
SATURDAY, JUNE 12, 1915. artificial feature of the country round you that is not full of meaning in the matte r of Nationnl Defence , Your road may lead for miles between high stone walls or may be an open streak a.cross a treeless moo rland, Each case ha~ its own lessons a nd its own possibilit ies . By making your mind familiar with these, you '..vill acquire readiness and freedom from confusion afterwards, ·><
*
*
Wha t are the nearest companies , half companies, or scout ing sections on each side of you ? Wh:i t a re your arrangements for keeping in continual touch with them? How fa r do you co-operate with the m in field train in g? The OJ.>portunities for training in rn rious ways are boundless, a nd the last th ing that should !be hea rd from Volunteers in any place is that they are slack for want of ·something to do or something to learn. ·><
*
*
Pu\;lic opinion is begirn1ing to make itself heard against conscrip tion, and not too soon nor too plainly, lt has long been the doctrine of certain peopl e that puul ic opinion should ne1·er express itself except through certain authorised mouthpieces , This would be all Yery well if the mouthpieces were infallibl e, but the notion of infallibl e mouthpieces has been blown to bits recently . There is no t1uestion that the 11·hole public opin ion of Ireland is dead again~t · conscription, . The only people in Ireland that want conscr iption are the ol cl County Club warriors that the war has no use for, and the Diviclenders that a re content to see e1·erything conscrilbed except their dividends,
*
*
*
I t is rathe:i: amusi ng to see certain "::\ ationalist " guides going abo ut the countr y threatenin.g conscript ion. The Yery words in which they threaten it are a pla in admission that they kno1v the p eop le are sti'ongly opposed to iL What then do they mea1i by threatening it ? They claim to be Horne Rulers, and some of them bold on to the view that Home .Rule is a le gislative fact, Since the Irish· people are opposed to conscr ip tion, those who threaten th em with consrription thrrat.rn them with ~
Price One Penny. <lirect violation of every principle of H ome Rule , Nice H ome Rulers these tbreateners are , Home Rule would have !been ours before now if some people who call themselves Home Rulers were not the \'eriest sla1·cs of the othvr sort of rul e, Who bu t a 11atiYe slave or a fo reign tyrant could threaten any peopl e with measures to which that people is firmly opposed ? ·JE-
*
*
There is one pledge to which the Irish people can and will hold Mr. Asqu ith and bis colleagues , old and new, the pledge tha L Ireland's sha re in this or any future war wi\J be the Free Gif r of a Free People . We th a nk M·r, Asquith for that word . Let it not i"' forgotten . It is worth a million of hung up statutes , It is a. complete charter of international rela tions, A free people we are determ ined to be, and our g ifts will b e fr ee , not forced, The princ iple takes in more than conscriptlori, ·X·
I had a chat, an hou r Lefore 1Ynt1ng thi s, with a Dublin professional man who does nut agree with me all round about current affa irs, He said qu ite freely, however, that my views about the Home Rule situation were entire \y vindicated , We went on to ta lk about ·the future , _ H e could only see a d ismal prospect of crushing taxation, At the end of the ::\ apoleonic war, England was triumphant and the strongest power in the worlcL R es ult, an enormous increase in ' the English .\ationa: D ebt, and a large share of that debt saclulcd on Ireland, in sl;iamel ess violation of the ])ledges by whi ch the Act of Linion was carried . The most of that debt is st.ill debt , and for a whole century Ireland bas been be:irin;j "Ireland's share -" All this time, England has been growing in population and pros pe rity, while .Ire land's pop ul ation has been reduced to o ne fourth of what it ought to be, her industri es and commerce have been destroyed, and she has been forced to pay an almost incredible tribute in rent and taxes to the Predominant Partner, If that has .been the result of the triu mph over Napoleon, wh at result is to be cxpcc tcrl From t.he p re,cnt c~pc ndilurc, \1·hi "b
THE I RISH VOLUNTEER. al ready 111 a few months has added more than al I the years of the war agai nst F ranee added to the Na ti on al D ebt of England?
*
* ,-
*
Th at unanswered question was the substantial conclusion of o ur conversa tion . Knowing th.e innate hatred of the Irish peop le for Whiggery, the "Irish Daily Independent" ba s lately been rai ling the "Freeman's J ourn al " the "Whig · organ. " Between the P ot Whigs and the K ettle Whigs, with their testimonials to each other, the lrish people may choose or refuse to choose . When the Irish P arliamentary P a rty hurried hack to London a fe w weeks ago to mend their hand in opposing the increased taxation of Ireland, a nd to be insulted by Mr. Lloyd George, they passed a resolution, .T his resolution contained a preamble, ap1)are ntl y added for fea r that somebody might think the Irish Party, in discharging a duty towards Ireland, was behaving disloyall y. Sir Edward Carson made no uch apology for hi s defence of the distilleries of Belfast, Comber, Bushmill s, e tc. The preamble declared that Ireland was willing to ·bear her sha re of the burdens incid enta l to the war. What does " Ire la nd·s share " mean? D ocs it mean in proportion to Ireland's responsibility , oi: in proportion to what Ireland will gain , or in proportion to whnt Ireland will sa1·e P *· lt really matters li tt le whnt yo u or I mea n by "Ireland 's share," so long as the power of determinin g" Irelan rs share" is withheld from Ireland. The hanged Home Rule Act reserved that power for the Imperial P arliament with fo rty-three . Irish YOtes . The Imperial Parli ame nt with a hundred and three Irish votes, not content with what O'Connell called the Tribute , the extraction of mill ions every year from Ireland in the form of rent, imposed on Ireland what is now called " Irelandls share" of the British National Debt , and other taxes, until the misgovernment of Ireland was made to yield, over and above the Tribute of .rent, a taxation profit of a,bouf £s, ooo,ooo a year. Th ere a re peopl e ignorant and servile enough to think or say that Ireland is economically dependent on England. :Bishop Be rkeley, a wise Engl ishman, knew better. H e declared that Ire land would be a .prosperous countr y if she were shut off from English interfere nce by an impassable wall of brass. ·X-
we shal l not forget to add the chorus, and we'll make wha t they call an action ong of itAwa, Whigs, awa ! Awa, Whigs , awa ! Ye' ~e but a pack o' .traitor loons, ' Ye' ll dae nae·good at a' . 1 '
*
*
*
The Independe nt, " . no Jess than the " Freeman, " is fond of declaring that "this· war is Ireland's· war ." If this tal k is calculated to justify the Imperial Parliame nt in acting toward. Ireland as it acted a fte r its triumph a century ago over France, in imposing on Ireland, north and south, a new and crushing burden of Imperial taxation, then it is perfect ly certain that neithe r the one Whig organ nor the other, nor any other Whig or T ory ,o rgan in . Irel and , will succeed in committing Ireland , north o r south , to arceptance of the burden. T he .war will have some strange consequences . Si r Edward Carson, no less than Mr. Redmond, was recent I y forced to resist a n increase of Irish taxation. The Attorney General for England bas a.bout as much care for Irel a nd's financ ial freedom as the father of hi s tribe, the suicide Castlereagh , bad . H e has got his re ward now, and hi s ·ulster fo llowers, as well as the rest af Ireland , will have to mak e up the ir own minds a;bout the future li abilit y of Ireland' to Brit ish taxation. We will gi\·e only" the Free Gifts of a Free People."
*
*
*
*
*
The London "Morning Post " says that the presence of Sir Edward Carson in the Cabinet " is one of the bright spots in the }) resent situation." There was only one till now . A poet sends me the follow ing, which seems to be a rnetricar law unto itself: D on't talk of the lo1·e of the fo Icon for the dove, Or the lion that lay do wn with the lamb, Whe n daily you may meet arm in arm 111 D owning Street A Grave and l Jnprecedented Outrage And a Hypocritical Sha m.
*
*
J ust a month ago, Mr. Redmond, junior, proclaimed that" a spirit of unity and goodw ill prevailed at the p resent momen t in Ireland. " We may be q uite sure that this was said in all sincer ity . It may ha"e helped Mr. Asquith to imag~ne that b is Coalition arrangements would g ive the utmost satisfact ion throughout Ireland.
The " Freeman's J o urn al" of course ac* * claimed the Party resolution , prearnble and all , W e protest again ·t the appointment of Trish as the top limit of political wisdom and political opponents to p lltces in England and courage. The " Independent " calls the other Ireland', and we quiet! y acquiesce in the a pa "'Vhig organ," and claims to stand out for pointment of an anti-national foreigner to the better financial terms than are proposed in the most important administrative post in Ireland . hanged H ome Rule Act. There is a story still * * * told in Scotland of Ala dair Mac Colla, whose My fri end Mr. Joseph Dolan, of Ard ee, uiograph ~; I noticed in thi s paper last week. write to the " In dependent" : "To-day we see Duncan Campbell, laird of Aucbnabrack, dethe same policy . revived of provoking us into scended on Rathli.n Island with a force of hostility by sett ing our arch enemies in power Parliamentarian all ie ·, a nd repeated .there the over us with the object of getting our H orne glorious exploit wb ic\1, some sevent y years · Rule scheme withdrawn." When have our earlier, had earned for Lord Essex a glowing arch enemies not been in po wer over us? Our letter of praise from the very hand and pen arch enemies will ch uckle over another success of good Queen Bess herself-.,·he massacred the _if they can succeed in making us bel ieve that e ntire defenceless pop ulation of the island, instruments like Messrs. Carson and Campb~ ll man, woman, and chil d . He was afterwards a re our arch enemies . The warning must be captui;ed in battle by Al asdair's Irish regiment repeated till the lesson is driven home- D on't in Scotland. Whe1i be was brought b efore mistake the tools for the burglar. Alasdair·, the Irish commander gave him hi s Eorn MAc NEILL. choice, to \:le s)a,in on the spot or hanged after the battle. H.i s reply became a Gaelic proYerb- - Se an rogba eadar dha dhiogha e-" it is the choice between two mischoices. " ForA NEW WEEKLY PAPER. tu nate I y Ireland is not red uced to a choice We unde rstand that a newspaper of soun d lf we sing wi th het11·een two Wbi ggeries. :'.\Tationalist principles will be issued on tbe Burnsseventeenth of this month under the title of Our sad decay in Church and Sta te · Nationality . From wh at we know of the conSurpasses ~11y describing; trihutors and those responsibl e for the new The Whigs came o'er us for a curse, venture in i o~1 rn al i s m. we who haYc hun "C'rc<I And we ha'e clone wi' thriYingafter 11a liui,;! food will be satisfi ed. ''
Saturday, June 12th, 1915.
I Field Training. I ...........................................................: ,
CHAPTER VIII.
FURTHl:'R l:'XERC!SES JN THE DEFE1VCE. A. __:RECAPITULATION .
Train your men in b uddin g the lo w stone walls mentioned in the last chapter as ofte n as poss ible . Also pract ise them in doubling, section by section, · from one to the other a nd taking cover behind them. It is a good plan for the officer to stand in front of the 1rnll s, and count out the men who fail to take cover as casual ti es. Otherwise the me n take little ca re to conceal themselves . B-- USE OF HEDGES AS COVER.
A Ii edge without a Ditclt is fortifi ed as fo llows : A trench i · d ug in the rear, and the earth pi led up again st the hedge to the he ight The required for kneeling or standi ng: parapet must be at l east 2} f eet thi k at the top to be bull et proof . A. H edge witlt a D itclt in rear is easily prepared . . Cl ear away the undergrowth, level the bank, a nd e rect a parapet as before. The trench may require to be deepened if the men a re' to fire stand ing. Earth not req uired for the . parapet wi ll be thrown to the rear of the trench. l f tlt e Ii edge ltas a Ditclt i11 front two courses are open to you. If the time is sho rt (about an hour), p repare the ditch for defence . If the time is ample dig a trench in rear of tilt: hedge as before . C-
LSE OF HEDGES AS OBSTACLES .
Only a very thi ck hedge will stop troops u1 ac tion. Thin hedges can be imp roYed by mn: and sta kes . D - A SKIRMISH . Bearing these points in min d, se t your comp any to prepare a position . Use an improYed hedge for your firing lin e, . and have hedges o r stone walls parallel to tbe firing line one behin d the other a t intervals of 40 paces . Put two.thirds of your men .into the fi ring line, a rrang in g them on a fron tage of I yard per man . Put the re mainder in the rear shelter hedge or wall. T ell off s ix me n to form a skeleton firing line, and deliver a frontal attack from a di stance of 800 yards. As the at tack develops see that your section commande rs exercise fire control , indicating the targ et, range, and number of rounds. Thi s will be l'endered easier if the range of prominent objects in the foreground (trees , rocks, cottages , etc.) has alread y been paced . Take special care that rapid' fire is developed during the enemy's final rush, and kept up till the last. The Supports wi II reinforce the firing line as already shown. E -
RANGE CARDS.
Every Volunteer shoul d know how to prepare a range care!. ·when tbe range of prominent objects has been taken it is se t down as fol lows : -
10
t
$"
10
3 .2.. ~l.\N t»'lit t.t>S O ~ Y .... 'Y..1>5 .
-
-
- - - --
-- -
,_J
THE IRISH VOLUNTEER.
Saturday, Jun e 12th, 1915.
I
The New Socialism.
Ministers, now it is Ru.lers. "That' ' he sa id " is what is expected and r·equired' in retur~ fo r the many sacrifices whi ch ALL THE PARTIE S have, after due conside ration, made of their own particular interests and ideals. Th at is the message which you wi sh me to take back to ·London ." At ai 1 events, that is the mes ·age whi ch Mr. Churchill has g ive n himself . There is one party, whose sole mandate, whose sole authori ty, whose sole trust is on behal f of Irela nd a lone . Does that party stand for a submissive People, absolute Rulers, and the sacrifi ce of Ir ish interests and ideals ? We shall see. H aving thus enunciated the doctri ne of military absoluti sm, Mr. Churchill ad' led a true Imperia list touch: "Trust the peop le ; they have never fa iled you yet. ., And the gratified British Democracy rai sed a cheer for its young Ruler. Encouraged by thi s testimony, Mr. Churchill spoke more pl a inly: " H e would not much lonrre detain his 0 r . audience, but he had a word to say n THE RIGHTS OF THE STATE in our hour of supreme need. As to those ri ghts tltere could be no dispute- THEY WERE ABSOLU TEnot/ting matters but tltat. . . . . The onl y ques tion which ar ises is as to the derrree to which it is necessary to exefci e thos; incli sp utable ri ghts." Let the reader be assu~ed that these are not the word of N ietsche or Tre itschke or Bernhardi or K a iser Wilhelm. They are the words of a British Min isteria l champion of libert y and civilisation, and they exp lain the exact kind of libert y and civilisation which he champ ions. "I say fr ankly, " he went on, "that if it was not possible to win this war without takin rr men by comp ulsion and sending them into th~ lield I should support such a measure . I do not believe that it will be found necessary, and I am sure it is not necessary Now. " But " the riuestion of service fo r home defence, to keep our fighting men abroad properly maintained, seemed to stand on a different footing. " The n fo llowed some commonplaces . "After what had happened," Mr. Chnrchill went on to say, tha:t "there never coul d be . peace in E urope until the German mili tary system had !been shattered and tom and trampled upon by the conquering Powers. For thi s p urpose, " he continued , "our whole nation must be organised, MUST BE SOCIALISED , if you like the word, must be organiser! and mobilised . There must be asserted in some form or other by the Government a reserve power to g ive the necessary co nt rol and organising authority, and TO MAKE SURE THAT E VERYO NE, OF EVERY RANK AND CO:\f DITIO N - ME >r AN D WOME N-SHALL DO IN THEIR OWN WAY THEIR FAI R SHARE. D emocratic p rinciples ( ! ) enjoin it. SocIAL just ice reCJt•ires it . National safety rlemanrls it. And I shall take ba ck to London, witlt your authority, the message : LET THE (}OVER>TME NT ACT, ACCORDl '\fG TO ITS FA TTH , AHOVE ALL. " So Mr. Churchill has gone ba ck to London, with the message he gave himself, to estab li sh a new Socialist Absolutism--only till the war is over, of course. Absolu tism on a Socialist basis once establ ished, will the neecJl asserted for it pass away? To Mr. Ch urchill's excited vision, it is a matter of an Absolute State of R ulers over a consenting Peop le, a question of the comp ul sory personal servi ce of men and women. Suppose the consenting People accepts, and then .decides to extend compul sory service to the whole accumulation of p ri1·ate 11·ealth in the hands of the minority? Eorn MAC NEILL.
I
The ordi nary Soc ialist ac1rncates So<ialism as a remerly for economi cal ev il s, povert y, and the aliuse of wea lth. Vvho ever drea med until now that we we re to be c1ri1·en and forced towards Soc ialism in support -of Imperial powe r? If Soc ial ism as a remedy for ad'rnitted 1·il s has met with the severest condemn ation, wh at an appa lling spectre must be seen in the ::\'ew Social ism which has for its a1·owed aim no alleviation of the hardships of povert y and to il but the trium p h of one Imper ia l ism over anoth r? A wr iter in the last num ber of the "Spark " giv an imaginary descr ip tion of a meeting of the Coal ition Cabinet, and .how a Labour Mini ster forced hi s coll eague to accept the cnt ir~ Soc iali st prog ramme, incl uding the · f seri uestrat1on o all " ri Ya te wea lth , for the purposes of the war. It seems a fanciful picture, hut truth is strange r tha n fi ction. The L abour Mini ster ca rried his revolut ionary proposal by the simple expedient of makin g it p ublic before he consul ted his col leagues of the Cab inet. The thing was actually p lanned while the imagina ry acco un t of it was a-writing, and it was clone before the writin g was in print . The revol utioni st, howeYer, was not a Labour Minister, but the ex-Tory , ex-Liberal , ex-Home Ru !er , the redoubtable Wins ton Churchil 1. ExtrudecJl from the di rection of the British ~ avy, Churchill has p roved that he ca n st ill box the compass and go one better th an his rival revolutionist, Lord Northcliffe. / Last Saturday Churchill add ressed a meeting at Dundee, as he said in his speech, "upon the only thing that mattered-the on ly thing he cared about- the onl y thing he wanted them to think about- the wagi ng of victorious war upcn the enemy.·' H ere at all event. we have no hypocrisy , no mock morality , no sentimental side issues . Mr. Churchill went on to tel l how, in d ischarge of" the exp ress duty la id upon him by the Prime .Mini ster," he had spent tbe last four years in preparations fo r war with Germa ny. H ere again there is ·no hypocrisy , no p retence that the war was caused by the incidents of the war. Mr. Churchill p roceeded to demand absolute power fo r those whom he called "the responsible leader of the nation ." H e demanded the supp ression of newspa.per criticism. "If there must be criticism, " he said, "it ought to be onl y a Joyal criticism of earnest intention , and let it be in Par.l.iame nt. If necessary, it shoul d be with closed doors. " Then the orator paused to drop a tear over "the late Governm ent. " The men tion of the late Government wa received by the audience with "much laughter," but "the late Government, " said imperturbable Mr. Churchill, " had 1>e ri shed after its work, whether its work in South Afri ca or in Irela.nd, bad passed! for r··ood or for ill into history.·' So Jrelancl is ~ismissed from the pl ay . The work of the late mu r.h -1 :1.u µ;hC' d-a~ Gove rnment in Ireland has hO'e n to i<"::t ve l:ehirnl it an armed force to send 1he J;i ic Covernment's l rish pol icy "to the devil," and to thwart to the utmost the Irish Volunteers organised fo r the de fence of Irish \ ational antnnorn y; and the last expiring declaration of the late GO\·ernment on Ir ish affairs has been to declare that the Iri. h Volunt:eers are d isloyal and that the loy alty of "sendi ng H orne Rul e to the dev il " is not questinned. Mr. Chur hill went on to descri be what he demanded of the new GoYern ment- "a stronger nat ional sentiment , a more powerful dri ving fn rcc, a greater meas ure of consent in the PEOPLE, a greater element of leade rsh ip anrl . rlesign in the RULERS "--in a word, absolu tism and complete submission. It used to be
3 TRACTS FOR THE TIMES. No. 5 is now on S al e. II
''·
ASCENDEN,CY WHILE YOU WAIT ,,
By A. NEWMAN (Illustrated). Price l d. of all Newsagents everywhere. Order at once. Wholesale from · . WHELAN .& SON, 17 U pper Ormond Q uay.
BODENSTOWN SERIES, No. 2.
"FROM A HERMITAGE," By P.H. PEARSE. Published this week at 12 D'OLiER ST. , D UBLIN. Price, 2d. ·
b e 11'J F .5.1Lc:e Spe1r1 ALc:.i. po1m 1i..1 f1.u111~"
5col.<5..1sue
11-0-
murt1-0-n
1 mb e..1l .i.t.5. 'n SMpt..115. VO LUNT EERS ! wri te for Prowectus of Colai sde na Mumhan to -·· Liam de Roiste, 28 , Marlboro St. , Cork.
Cou1rc:e
e.
ui Comp.i.n'Je, C.6.pp.i.15 Col'Mlc:..115, r 9 r 5.
"- 11
(Eugene O'Curry College, Carrigaholt). First Session-July 5th to July 31st. Second Session-Aug. 21Jd to Aug. 28th.
COU RSES-(n) Temporary Certiflcate - .(b) Full CertiH ca te(c) Special Advanced Course in Literat ure, Composi. don and Collection of Gaelic Traditional matter. Hon. Sec.-Maire Bean ni Ohonnobhain , .· 2 Q.uerin Vi_llas,. Baile na Coradh, Lt~imn each.
.. If you want DRY FEET and PERFECT FIT -TRY-
LAHEEN,
Bootmaker,
115 EmlJ)et Road, Inchicore, 22 S~oneybatter, and 23 Bishop Street. REPAIRS Neatly Executed at .MODERATE CHARGES.
M. O'BOYLE, Newsagent, St. Mary's c"atholic Repository (Wholesale Religious Goods Depot ),
CHAPEL LANE, BELFAST. No objectionable English Papers stocked.
Ulster Depot for "TrarJs for the Times." 1 Doz. assorted post free for l;..
·
BARGAINS. Swords, Steel Scabbards, 7/ 6. Martini Sword Bayonet, 3/6, no Scabbard . .22 Short Ammunition, IO/ - per I,ooo. .22 Long Rifle Ammunition, 13/ 4 per 1 ,000. Leather Belts, second-hand; 9d. each, Postage, 1 d. Officers' \Vhistles, 6d, 9d., r/3. Postage, I cl. Bugles, 8/ 6. Bugle Cords, 1/ 9. Riding Saddle, 2sf-. Spurs, I/-. Haversacks, 8d. Knapsacks, r od. Riding Breeches, 3/6, 5/- each. Remington . 2 z Scout Rifle, with Bayonet, 3 7/ 6. Sporrans, 3/ 6. · Get our New Price List. Wonderful Value;
JOHN LAWLOR & SON, 2 Fowne's Street, Dame Street,
DUBLIN.
.- THE IRISH VOLUNTEER.
4 GAELS! Remember an Irish Irelander when you want N ew or ~*condhand Typewriters, Du plicators, Stencils, Stencil Ink, Ribbons, Carbons, Papers, &c. Any make of Typev. riter Repaired. THE FOLEY TYPEWRITER TRADING CO. Telephone 117Y. Reis Chambers DUBLIN.
E verything Photographic, from a Sticky Back to the largest Oil Painting.
The Franco . . Portrait Studios, GRAFTON ART STUDIO.
111 Grafton Street, 46 Harringto_n Street, 85 Talbot Street, 11 Lr. Camden Street and 39 Mary Street,
DUBLIN.
All literary communications for the " Irish Volunteer " should be addressed in future tQ
VOLUNTEER HEADQUARTERS, 2 Dawson Street, DUBLIN. All communications re Advertisements to be addressed t0 the IRISH PRE SS BUREAU, 3o Lower Abbey Street , DUBLIN.
The Irish Volunteer SATURDAY, JUNE 12th, 1915
I Headquarters' Butletin I The Genera l Council of the Iri sh Volunteers met at H eadriua rters on Sunday, May 30th, P rofesso r E oin J..fa c :\eill, l'-res ident, in the c h:i ir . rmpo rta nt m:i tters ceonnecterl1 with Organisation , Recrui ting, Trainin g, Arming, and F inance we re dealt with . The a ttitude of the Iri h Volunteers towa rds Conscri p tion was considered, and it was unanimously reso h·ed, in p ursuance of the already declared policy of the Volunteers, to offer the most st renuous resistance to any a l te mpt to force any form of Conscri pt ion on 1hc peopl e of Trelan cL • Th,· Cc ntra I Exe<"' uti vc met on \ i\T ed nesday C\"Cning, 2nd in st., Mr. Seamus O'Connor in the chair. The usual reports o n Organ isation, Recruitin g, Training, and Finance were considered, a nd the nece. sary o rders made . A statement e mbod ying the views of th e E xen1tive as to the necess ity of res istance to Conscri ption was una nirnousl y agreed to a nd ordered to be circul a ted . H c:idqua rters,
2 Dawson Street, Dubli n, 4th June, r9r 5:
?\OT.ES flZOM HE..\DllL:AlZTElZS . CoN.SCRIPTION .
The Genera l Council a t it.· last meeting unan imously dec lared that th [ri sh Vo lunteers will offer stren uous res istance to the enforcement of any fo rm of Conscri ption in Ire la nd. The attitude of the Volu nteers toward s Conscr ip ti on was defi ned :1 t the fi rs t Annu al Con,·e nti on, and remains unal tered . T hat attitu de is o ne of uncomprom ising hos til ity to11·ards Conscription, or a ny disg uised form of Conscript ion, wheneve r a nd however it may Le a tte mpted· to L;e enforcecl in Ire la nd, no w or hereafter, !Jy any authority other than a n Irish :\ation:i l Gm·ernment. Th at fun<lame nta l declaration of policy b ind · a ll Iri sh Volunteers, ancl the General Council ancl its Central Executive may be re lied· upon to find p roper express ion for it at the proper time , and to g iYe the organ isation such lead ing and li ght in t)le ma tter as it may require. For the moment , the Executive has prepared a nd is c ircul at ing a reasoned stateme nt of the case aga inst Conscription from th nafiona l, the political , and the economic points of view. RE CRUITING .
The recruit ing wa1·e st ill rises , and every week that passes ·ees t)S stronger. The Companies wh ich have not benefi tecl--and there are such Companies-ha ve probalJ!y only themse!l·es to l.ilarne. l t is not yet too l:ite to a va i I of the undoubted mo1·eme ot of p ubli c op ini on in our directi on whi ch has ma rked the last fe w months. Indeed, that movement bas not yet reached it · cli ma x, and if our !ora l uni ts eYerywhere are but vigorous a nd al ert they sta nd to increase their num bers enorm ously befo re the summer is out . EARNESTNESS-
The first essentia l is to im p ress the p ubl ica ntl ourse!l·es- with the fact of our earnestn ess . An acti1·e, business-like, sold ierly Company will tend to recruit up ; an indolent, sli pshod, liackboneless Company will tend to melt a way . .'.\ ot.hing will make so fayourahl e an impress ion on the yo un g men we want to attra ct into our ranks as ha rd work on our part. Tf we can sho w that we are in rleacl ly earnest in the business of organ ising, train ing, and arming I rish manhood fo r p urposes of nat iona l de fe nce, if we can show that as a matter of fact we are organi sin g, tra inin g, a nd a rming the men that are with us, we shall in time have with us eyery man .in Ireland that is worth h:wing. A Vo lunteer force, however small, 1hat is n rea lity will he perma nent and wi ll tend to grow; a Vo lun tee r fo rce that is a sham 11·ill tend to di sappear nnrl will clesen-e to d isappear . ARM I NG .
The ultimate tes t of Volun teer reality is cf course arms, and proftciency in the use of arm ; Increcl ihle as it may seem, there are still Compan ies whi ch haYe not grasped th is truth; there a re still un armed or practicall y un arme d Compan ies which have ba nk balances to the ir credit ! · The first duty of the hour fo r eYer y Volunteer Comp any is to wi pe out its bank
Saturday, June r2th, 1915 . liala1H'c IJy purchas ing g uns and a mmuniti on. If a poss ibl e cb:· of act ion fin ds a Company gunl ess or :immuni tionl es· whil e it ha s a ba la nce to its cred it in a ba nk , what fa te will those· responsibl e dese rYe ?
Buv' :::.ow. On re for a ll , the Company wh iC"b has not ye t clon e its duty in thi s matter mu ·t procra tinate no lo nger. Every penn y at o ur comman d should be expended here anrl now on a rming our men wi th such g uns as a re a1·a ilabl e. I t is not that w~ expect that acti on wi 11 be for ced on the Iri sh Volunteers i"n the near future : it is sim ply that we se t out to do a certain thing - na mel y, to arm an Iri sh defence fo rce-and that as long as that th ing remains undone, with the means to do it at ha nd, 1\"e are untrue to O\lr purpose and cannot hal"e very : asy conscienC"e.s; wh ile there is always the clanger that some new agg ress ion against Ireland or some ne w h earh of faith with •Ire land may dema nd at ur hands the ans wer whi ch, for lack of gun s, we may be unabl e to g i,·e it. L et us co mpl ete our org:ini sation an d a rming as q uickly as m:i y be, and then at least o ur consc ienc·es wi 11 be clea r.
DEFENSIVE TACTICS. Volunteer adil' iti es cover a wid e field. Each day shows us new l ines of wo rk, one just as necessary to o ur progress as the other. E very day shows us the necessity fo r ne w lines of act.ion . W e must occupy e ve ry pos ition, seize every po in t of 1·antage . If we leave one pos ition unoccupi ed, one point undef ended, the others must suffer to a greate r or lesser extent. The Vol unteers a re a defens i1·e force. ::\"o t a lone by arm s must we defend o urseh-es, rbut by th e use cf eve r y m e~rn s which lies rearly to our hand . Ou r fo rces are !bein g threatened with at tack. More- the attack has l;eg un. I t is not a n attack 11·ith the hurt! ing bu] let or the stabLiu g bayonet. Tt is <l more insidious , mea ner form of a ttack. A ·bulle t might snuff out a li f e, a nd the dead require not food or ra ime nt . But the li1·in g do . Therefore our enemies have fo und nnothe r, but a by no me ans new me hod, for 11·e have alwa ys known it in Ireland . They are making nn ntte mpt to drive o ur fo rce· under hy means of eronorni c p ressure . We must face them boldly and meet the ir tact ics with a powe rful organ;sat ion whi ch will protect the vi ctims of this latest phase of the activities of Seaghan Bu idhe and hi s fri ends . T o mee t thi s economi c pressure, this la tes t brew from the seething pot of Engl ish ru le in Ire land , An Cumann Cos an ta has ·been forme d. l t will meet economic p ressure 11·ith econom ic support . T o those persons who, through their adherence to the pr incipl es for whi <"'h the r rish Volun teers stan·cl, rna y b e Yi ctirni serl, .i t will g ive support . But th is support ca n only be comme nsurate with the amount of sup port which the Volunteers as a body extend to it. If the C uman n i~ weak it ca n only gi1·e a very limited support to the unfortunate ones who will ·be penali sed; who are bein g penalised . It is then the duty of a ll Vo lunteers to extend to the Cumann the help whi ch is nece sary to enab le it to do .its work . Let no Vo lunteer thi nk that because he has no f ear of ,·ictimi sation he need not trou bl about the matter. Thi s would be fata 1 to our clefen<"'es; just as fatal as if he aban do ned them in the heat of act ion. \~le cannot affo rd to a llow any of our me n to he penal ised without taking measures to defea t the i:esults of tha,t pena lisat ion .
Satu rday , June r2th. 1915.
THE IRISH VOLUNTEER.
I VICTORIES OF IRREGULAR TROOPS. I X. - SLI VN ITZA.
•
As in the case of the Battle of Bull Run, the title of this seri es ha rdly a ppl ies to th e b:i_ttl e a bout to be descr ibed . [ t was not a Yidory of irregula r troops 01·e r regulars . 1t 1rns a batt le fo ught be tween two p a rtially trnin eri arm ies, p~irtly of-ficered by reg ul ars, an d is inclLided in th e series on account of the many lesso ns whi ch ca n be learnt from it. PRECEDING EVENTS.
· The Treat y of San Stefan o be twee n Russia and Turkey, re1·i serl by the Berlin Co ngress of J 878, created two s tates in the Balkans :--th e Priu cip <1lity of l:lulg:uia, 11· .i th a nomin a l suzerainty to Turke y; and the auto nomo us pro1·ince of E as te rn Rumelia, und er a Turkish go1·ern or. On the ·18 th o f Sep tembe r, 1885 , a re rnlutio n took place in Ph ili ppop olis, cap ital of Jl..umeli a, in fa1· our o f a ·un ited Bulgaria. Prince Al exander of Bulgari a immediate ly set out for Phi l ippopol is a nd p ut himself a t th e head of the mo1·e ment. Expectill g that Turke y \\'Ou l il try to regain her -Jost territory, he immed iately ordered the mob ili sat ion of the Bulgaro-Rumelian foffes near the Turkish front ier. But for a variety of i)ol iti cal reasons Turkey refrain e d from action , a nd th e re vo lu tio n seemed p eacefully accomplished whe n the ·upr i ing ne ws was he[lrd that th e S effian s had cons ti tutecl themseh es the l'h1rnpions of the Berl in Treaty, a nd crossed th e wes te rn fronti e r o f Bulgaria whil e the t rc:o ps of the latte r w r e concentrated in the south. OPPOSING FOR CES .
The Bulga rian a rmy, num bering 55,000 men , co nsisted of s trong stand in g uni ts rein forced by drafts t:o war stre ngth. The Rum elia ns furnish ed 35,000 m iliti a. Tbe offi ce rs were all Russian, but these we re withdrawn bv the Russian Gol'ernme nt on th e o u tbreak of war and their places taken by raw Hul<>aria ns . There was a n ad d .i tio nnl "Bandit Brigade " of 3,000 irreg ul ars .
The Se n·i:rn army co nsisted al mnst e n ti rely of militin. It invaded Bulga-ria in t11·0 cli1·isinns . O ne, the "Army of the Timok, " was to capture \i\T irlrlin an d O\'errun north ern Bulgaria; the othe r, the "Army of th e .\ish[l.Ya , " comm:-i nrled l>y King Milan himself, was to st rike for Snfia, the C apital. Tb <' · northe rn army achicn' rl nothing, be ing ne utralized by the fo rces o pposed to it. It is .ll'ith the oper:1ti nns of th e m;iin a rmy t·h;it we are conce rn ed. I'RELil\IINARY M ANCEUVRES .
wing to c ircumstances alrearly narrntecl thC' Sen· ian s met with l itt le oppo· itio n at first. The y occup ie d Zar ibod o n th e 14th of _\ ol'emher , and clroYe the Bu lgarian adrnn ced g ua rd o ut of the Dragoman Pa ss on the the r 5th. On th e 17th the y fo un d the mse ll'es face to face with the firs t Bulga ri an di1·isions e nt re nche d at Sli,·nitza. The H ulga ri ;i ns . surprised as thC' y wr rC',
had m[ld superhuman exe rtio ns to interpose th eir a rmy be tween the e ne my and the cap ita l. T o e1·e ry co mmande r the s im pl e orde r . was iss ued : "March o n Slin1itza," a ncl the ci1·ilia n populatic;n wa s ordered to turn o ut a nd sup ]ily the troo ps ll'ith pro1·isi ons on the roads ide . Part of the arm y we nt by train, trave llin g in op en trucks , s ixt y me n in each . The rest mad e for ed marches. 011e 1brigade CO\'e red 59 mil es in 32 hc:urs wi th a loss of o nly 62 men . Anothe r l;rigade a nd a Rurne lian battalioi1 . reache d Sofia in an exhausted c0ndition, and were lent th e horse,; of a carnlry reg ime nt to carry th em to the front (each ho rse carr ying t11·0 me n) . A s a resul t of th ese exert ions balf th e e ntire milita r y force o f the country- with 56 piel'es o f artil le ry-- re;iched Slirnitza before the battl e was 0 1·er, a nd 14 ,000 more fa ced th e northern im·a de rs a t vVi drlin . Thus the sm;ill force whil'h the Se n ·ians foun d opposed to them on th 17 th became gradually stronge r through th e three rial's' battl e til l finalh· it took th e offensi 1·e . , , THE GRO UN D .
"Sl iYnitza 1s :in unattracti1·e · Bulg:uian 1·illage of less than a tho usand inhabitants, sit ua ted amo ng hilly sur rou nd in gs on the h igh road betwee n S ofi a and :\"i sh in Serl'ia . lt is about r 5 mi Je s south-east of the easte rn outl e t cf the Drago ma n Pass. Sofia li es abou t 20 mil es · to the so ut h-east of Slirnitza , a nd Zaribrod, on the \ ·ish,11·a, almost th e same d istance to the north-wes t. At that time the Turco-B ul gari an ra ihrny terminated 111 Rell ova, and the Seffian s1·stem in ::\ ish a nd Vranja. "About 2 mile west of the 1·ill age the Bulg <ir ian de ta chm ent- ·cons ist in g on the ·1 6th of 9 battal ion s of reg ul ar infantr y and 2 of Volunteers, 32 g uns, and a ha nrlful of irreg ul a r e;walry, the whol e (about .10 ,000 men) rommanclecl by Major Gutsche ff- had uti 1iserl a littl e ridge cf hillocks fo r th eir encamp rn nt, ;i nd had cle ve rl y a nd effici e ntly fortifi ed th e
5 afte r gl'tt in g 11·ithin 300 y:i rds ut tile Bul ga rian tre nc hes . On thr ri g ht rh Bulg:1ri :rn offens ive, co nclu<'ted hy Bend e reff ll'ith 3 ha tta 1io ns and 8 gun s, was ftrst h ought to :t sta nrlstill ];y superior numbers. Bu t .later on, reinforced th e gene ral resen e of 2 battal io n5, Benclere ff clrm·e th e Se n· ians off the fie ld at the po int nf the bayone t . The Yillrige of lVfal o M:1lk0Yo 11·:is ocr.upi ecl and put in :r state of def ence. The B ul g :-iri a ns lost 600 a nd the S en· ians 1, 200 o n thi s daY . Both sid es were reinforced :luring the n ig ht , hut the followi ng day th e Bu lga rians had to send 3 battal ions und e r Ca[>tain Popoff tow[l rds th e threaten ed tmrn of llresn ik.
uy
THE BATTLE OF 'IHE J 8TH.
The S en·ians 11< ~ \V numbe red 28,000 me n with So gu ns, the Bulgarians 12,000 with 50 . At 8-30 a.m. the Sen·ians atta cked the Bulgarian left . The tre nches here 1\'ere now held by the night's re inforce me nts. The .first assault ha Ying fail ed, a 11·hole cfo·i sion (ro ,ooo) wa s J;iunl'he cl ;it the position . Th is attack 11·a s [tJso defeat ed with a loss of 600. .At 1 o'clo<'k the Se rbs trie d the experime nt of another frontal ;issault, this t ime with tota lly inadequate numbe rs. Af te r a lbra 1·e struggl e they were bea te n back with heavy loss. On the right wing (that is to say, [lt Malo Malkm·o) norh ing was don e in the mornin g, as t he 1·inors of th e 1He1·io us rlay, un contro lle d by their youthfu l offi cers, bad disa p_p e a recl to forage. In th e afte rnoon, ho we1·e r, Bend ereff collected them, and led them forward, birnua ckin g outsid e Dra goma n in th e very rear of the ene my . O n this day both s ides ~ ost 1,ooo men. [ n the night the Bulgarians rece iYed reinforcement: that rais eri th·eir str.ength to .1 5,000 . ' Tr-IE BATTLE OF TH E 19TH. The morn ing of the r9th was fii1 e a nd calm . Just befo re th e batt le commenced Pr ince Al exande r was recalle d to Sofia hy the ne ws that Popoff had been b eaten at Bresn ik, a nd th e Se n·ians we re threatening Sofia. H e left Gutscheff in comm a nd. (W e m:i y mention he re that Popoff e1·entua 11 y re tr ie1·ed hi s defeat.)
san1 e.
The weather wa·s ve ry had , but the sold iers sl e pt in the ope n tren ches . A shed se rw~ d fo r lielcl tele gra ph offi ce, and a pigsty e for ge neral headq uarters . Pr ince Al exa nde r a rri1·ed he re o n the I6th . The pos itio n "lay ;i str ide the Sofia-P irot marl, had a st raight front 3 m il es long wh ich faced almost du e wes t, a nd \\'as <:OYered tn rea n v[l rd by the lo ng straggl in g village . The h igh road cut the _position in twa in ; abo ut a th ird lay to the no rth, filling up the plain :from 11·h ich th e southern sp urs of th e Balkans ri ·e ; the bulk lay to the south, 11·ith th e so uth ern encl turned asi:wanl to protect th e left fl ank . Tbe wh ole front sho wed a r1uadrupl e li ne of tre nches for rifl e fire , one a l>o1·e the other on the gentlv rising ground ." The [lrtill e n was in the rear on b oth sirles of th e road . · There was o ne la.rge rerlo ulit prc:tect in g th e le ft fl a nk, unoccu]ii erl ·hyme n m guns till tlw e1·ening o f the ' firs t d;iy ·s lin ttl e . The IJos iti on 11·:1s strong, but it h;ic l t wn weak pllints- th e Ranks. The ri gh t wns rlomin ;i ted i>y he ights from wh ich ;1rt iller y rnulrl ha Ye ann ih ilated it; and th e tr enches o n tb e left 1yere almost ung:-irri so ned for la ck of men to fill them . The Pr ince's plan of taking th e o ffe nsi1·e o n the right wa s th erefor e a sound one, a s it menaced th e heights a nd 1·ook th e e nemy's attention fro m his left. THE BATTLE OF THE
I
7TH.
The riay was sno 11·y a nd foggy . From 11 o'cl ock t ill 2 a fi e rce artill ery rl u I raged . Th en th e S en ·ia ns rl el ive red a frontal attack with in fant r y, 1Yhi ch \\':'I S three tim es re p ul sed
On the r ight 11·ing Be ncler eff h:id some h a rd fig ht ing , un til at about 3 p .m. he fi n ally c leared th e Sen· ians off th e h eights round Drago man. In these attack s th Rulga ri :in hands play ed in front of th lines, suffe r ing he;ivy losses . On the le ft fl ;i nk the Se n ·ians mad e :i l:ist despe rate assault 1Yith 2 di 1·isions , 01i thC' re pul se of \\'hi ch th e Hul gar i;1ns tonk th C' offe nsi1·c a ncl >ll'Cpt t·he m nff th e fie Id. Tlw fol!ow i'ng cby th e y inrn cled Servia. A lll' O da1·s' battl e at Piro t cleciclecl th e ca mpa ign, :incl Ht;!g[lria liec;ime a un ite cl nation . COMMENTS .
The Se n· ia ns fought well , IJUt \\'e re h;irlly led . Their ge ne rals seC'med inca]Jabl e of any better tani cs tha n the · launching of great in fa nl'r y assa ults . :Moreon·r , in the secon d clay's fig hting th y \'Omrnittecl the_gross lilun:le r of send ing a f e w com parn es ag;i 111 st a pos 1t1on th:it had already rep ul sed hr igarles . On th e Rulg;irian side the on ly thin g rn
T HE I RISH VOLUNTEER. criLic ise is Bcndncffs i11actiu11 after liis L·aplurc of Dragoman on the 18th. Thi s was orde red by Alexander. B ende reff mi ght have p ushed o n and cut the SeHian communi cations. l>ut perhaps Alexander ~vas ri ght to be caut im;s . The Bulgarian de fence was conducted :1rlmirably. On the 17th, though heavily o utnumbered, they took the offens i1·e Loidly . On the 18th , while still keep ing up the ir offensi1·e on one wing, the othe r wing wa. kept 11·e ll in hand- thi s with some rlifficult y in the case of a f ew reg imen ts which were incl i necl to carr1· the pursui t too far. On the 19th Alexande.r sho1r rl great wi sdom in refraining from weakening hi s ar my to re in force P opoff . A less skilful general might ba1·e been tempted to do thi s. The fin al offens iYe wa s take n at prec isely the right moment. This was one of many fights won by 0aoocl marching. ::\othing bur heroir endurance and ronsla ncy could ha 1·e brought the Bul ga:rian ar my in so short a time from Philippopoli s to Slivn itza . ['.'\oTE .- Quotations are from "Ba ttl es of Lhe N inetee nth Century."]
I
Great Belfast Meeting.
I
H ow Asquitlt &> Co . will save tlt eir face s. Palac e Conference Se cret disclos ed . Mr. New man a ddressed a gre at p ubli.c meeting on 4th in st. at St. Mary·s H a ll to cons ider the immed iate cri s is. D . Mac Conuladh occupi ed •the chair. The demand for ticke ts wa s unpi:ecedente cl , and :'.\ationa I is ts of e1·e ry shade of 0~1 inion were present. · A resolution against conscription put to th e meeting by the Chaim1an was p assed un a ni mously amid much enthusiasm. In the course of his remarks Mr. ::-Je 1rma n sa id-There was no smoke without a fire, and coercion had led up to Coa li ti on. H ow we re ulste r ::-Jationalists p laced now? H e need hard! y remind them of the a rsenal which existed at their Yery doors . The English Oligarchy had seen that IrelancVs spirit was reYiving . England determined that she would never grant H ome Rule . Ireland must ne ver be permitte d In U lster, to exist as a trade compe titor. the refore, they had the great Reserve Arm y, with a reserve behind it. At the present. moment he would a thousand times rather .;ee Irishmen unarme d than in the possession of rifles without ammunition. H e p redicted that when it suited England's purpose, to sa ve her face over the H orne Rule 1be trayal, she would 1ight the fires of internecine strife , and the .:'\itionali sts of Belfast wou ld be b la med fo r shooting. Let them consider the exaet mili tary rn lue of the rifles in the Bo ys· Hall. An d le t them afterwards consider the a r ·enals at Dunmore House, Syd'.enha m, Lisburn Road, and remembe r that every Union i s~ landlord's ho use in U lster was an arsenal. H e ha d it on th::: be ·t authority that: one of the U nion ists ;lt the· Palare Confe rence on H ome Rule rlec larerl . th a.t if the Act we re brough t into force there would not be a Catholi c l ft alive in C lster. P eop lf \rho spoke like th a t w re no w Cahi11 r t Ivlinist t> rs. J.et the fri sh ro use the msr h ·rs :Is never before, and show plainly tb:\t the y wo uld stanrl neithe r the coercio n of \" :\ tion:11is ts nor the hre:iking of t reat ies. fn conclusion , :Mr. \.i e1Ym:111 said- You ha1·e the making or unm ak.ing of ·1rela nrl in ymir power. The world is dotted over with - small nat ions which ha1·e risen from the cle;l<l. No fo rre, save a power which wi pes o ut eYery ma n, 11·oman , anrl child composing a nation , can hold a n~' peopl e for e1·er in bondage again st the ir will. \Ve can re lease ourseh es . L et us hatte r at o ur prison rloors ! L et the thunde r nf our bl ows make the earth echo ! And if our assau lt· he fie rre enough the rloor must e1·e ntually splinter and fall. We are no helpless
Saturday, June 12 t h , 1915.
pns,~ n e r~. We ba1·e the powe r to uluw Lhe luck to pieces, and the power to li berate ourseh ·es . 'fo-n ight I offer you that po1Y :> r. Jo in the l ush Volunteers ! O utside the ranks with c,nnscript ion like a wolf on the pro wl, ~here is uanger and sla1·ery. Inside there is sa:fet1· and honour. • A t.the conc lusio n of h.is speech , Mr . N ewman ca ll erl for a show of hanJs e n the pa rt of tb se 1rho w~mld jo in the Irish Volunteers, and :ibout two-thirds of the entire auJ ie nce (thi s estima te 1s corroborated by t1rn Unioni st · ne1rspapers, the Belfast Nez s-L ett er and the Ulst er Echo) respond ed . . Afte rwards the Cha irman called upon. al l Volunte~ rs a nd recrui ts to form U]J , and it· became eY.1 dent that of those who bad not rai sed their hand s all were fr ish Volunteers, except twent y elderly gentlemen. Tb e subseq uent parade there fore included the ent'r· · audience, with the excep tion of the<;e t we:-1 • ,. men .. The res rui ts were then rli smi sserl, <0 11 cl the ori gi nal Vol unteers, man y of whom h:d nut been on parade for months, fo rmed a " uard uf hor~0t1r for the Flag p resented by E~in Mac Neill whe n he last visited Belfast. And tb t dimen ion of e1·en this guard of hono ur caused the utmost surpri se to those present and to the .spectato rs who lined tbe roadway . The general comme nt_was .: "Ir's the old da ys hack again ." The Umon1 st Press est imated the recruits :it two hundred; wl1ile the lrislt News was elo•J U ntly silent !
I
A Review. ·
I
THOMA S DA V IS, THE THINKER AND TEACHER. BY ARTHU R GRIFFITH . D UBLIN : GILL.
3 / 6. In T!te Pessimist, towards the encl of the twenti eth chapter, I said : " The gr·eatest misfortune tha t can OYercome a wi se man is to ha ve hi s bi g raphy written by a fool. " Cardinal Mannmg , fo r instance, was grossly mi sinte rpreted by Mr. Purceil; ind eed de Pre ense descri bed the work of that Liio,;rapher; 1rho provi~ecl the world with a false op.inion of Mann mg for many years, as a "strange ti . ue of errors a nd sop hisms." An d I feel sure that the soul of Da1·is is comforted .when he kno,w:; that the interpretation of his position in Irela nd a nd the estimate of his work have been rnm_pletecl by Mr. Arthur Griffiths. Thi s is a vo lume which should adorn the ur:o kshelf of every Volunteer. It is a go] jL mme of national ity into whi ch one can di.,· . For Da1·i s is he re · allowed to ·peak for h i~ self, and the se lections a re exceedin gly well chosen. \Ve shall consider some f these later. But it is de ·irable at the outset to allow Mr. Griffiths to "place" Davis. Men of rare perception peak with extraordinar y res pect of D avis. And if o ne should ask why this man occ upies so important a pl ace in the thoughts of those who are striving for the regeneration anrl libe rty of Irelan d' to-rlay, the ans we r promptly t·omes in Mr . Grif.'1tl)s · n1r n wo rds : " D:l\'is wa s o ne ot the first m{' n in nin r tec ni h ce ntur y Eurnpt> to n>susr ii<'Hr' tlw tlnct rilll· nf nation :1lity. ·· ln a 1•recedin g passage .he cxpl:li11s, hy a most apt comp:irisnn 1r ith o·connel I, the pos it inn 11·hich D :11· is occ upi es in Irish hi stor y. "Dan ie l O"Connc ll, like most of the men of hi s time, w:i :; the victim of this fa lse polit ica l philosophy. Whe n he ·re jected Lord Cloncurry's ach· ice to unite and leacl Ire land in a struggle for R epeal of tbe union instead of lea ding the mo1·eme11t of a section- although by f:u the la rges t section-of the lrish peop le for the remo Yal of t he ir re li gious d isab ili ties, h..; took the course co nso nant with the anglic·i sed spi rit of bi s age. H e 1rns a reforme r. His mind was not the mind of Moses . T o p ut 0
1
thG people <.> f .l1;elan d in ClJUality of legal rights a nd oppo;·tumt1es w1th the p eop le of England was to him to redeem the m. Thi s wa s his am'b~ti on-hi s aim . .And the error of hi s polit: y m his. later ye.ars wil l find a nobler palliatio n whe n 1t is reali sed that he li1·ed and di ed uncle r the sway of the Bentha mi te phil os6phy tha t OYe rspread ¥\Te.s te rn Europe from England dur mg the earl 1er part of the nineteenth century, and that, according to its fal se li "bts. he rli d his L-es t for hi s people . lt .is esse~tiai tu underst a nd O'Conne ll in orde r to .rea li se what D a1·is was to bi s country. " . Mr. Griffith poi nts o ut ve1y clearly 1rhat fe w o f us appreciated , I think- -that wh c:n O'Connell ied th~ Catholic Emancipat ion agitati on fo·r rel1g1 ous . freedo m he na turally acoentua tecl the rel1g1o us trouble in Ireland , and "inflame d in .the long years of agi tation forces of . la te nt b1$otry which offered stupid and fanati ca l opposm o n to any after mO\·eme nt with whi ch he connected himself. The Protestant popu lat ion of Ire land was predominantly a nt1-Gmo111 st be fore the agitation fo r Cathol ic Emancipation. Cloncurrv had seen that in a11 ag itat ion for the R epeal ~f the uni on Catholic ancJl Protes ta nt could h e combined and the Emancipation wo uld ine 1·itably and 'freely haYe fo ll owed R epeal. . Tlte Cat!tolic movemettf was s11 cceeded by the attornment of tlt e Prot est ant lris!t t o t/1at Union wlticlt tlteir fat!te rs /;ad so bitt erly resisted and t!tey tltemselves d eepl 1' dislik ed ." But here · i· th sig nifica nce of D avis :-" Dauis was t!te fi rst public man in modern Ir eland to realise t!tat tlt e nation must be rebuilt upon tlte Gael . . . . The width of the g ulf that divided the minds of O'Connell and D avis is found by reca lling that the forme r disco uraged the national language and peculi a r customs of hi s coun try and pointed the path of progress through assimil ation, while the la tte r taught that it wa s be tter for an Irishman to li 1·e in rags and d ine on potatoes than to beco me a nglicised. . . . o·conne ll was a polit ica l p hilanthropi st- D avis a ~ ationalist. " It is amazing to conside r that D avis wa s a p ublic figure for o nl y three years. Hi s 1ras an early and untime ly death. But he has left us a splendid he ritage. The re are some passages in hi s prose wri tings which have a peculiar appl ication to the present situation and to the Irish Volunteers. "A na tional militia is the constitutional ri ght of . Irela nd, the p roper trustee of peace, the warden of legal liberty. Without it Irish rights depend on the honour o r justice of England, and, as Gra ttan said in Coll ege Green , the country rha t depends fo r its libe rti es o n the honour of another, depends on its c·ap rice, a nd that is the definiti on of slaYery . " vVe are unlike the English in habits and feelings, and still more un Iike in tendencies . Any existing resemblance has been forced, a nd a year's freedom would make us as unlike as France a nd Russia . 'U niformity is not a law nor a desire of nature . It is the a ttempt of narrow and monntonous sp irits." Only a man wi th a fin e sense of p rose values would h:we used the worrl "monoton0 us .. , " l'lt vsical fora s/1oul~i 11ever be t!tr eat e11 t d bnt in ;amest , no r resorted to sa1·e in extrr mit1·. T h,. re :Ht' wo rsr thin gs than tn cli r o r to kill. ·Ti s k-tt er t0 sl:1y a man than let him dishonour 1·irtue, <kst roy the ri ghts of prope rt y, r. rush libert y. Amid putting him to rle:ith if moral for ce can sta y hi s n!m s, hut saYe yo ur hearth, your a Il a r, and your free.Jorn c1·en though he dies for it. " Da1i s, like all great men , is e1·er yo ung. Hi s ideas are just the ideas which co me to us now. And judg ing him as a p rose write r, his style lacks rhetorical heav iness and the ine 1·italJle term in at ion s of mos t Early Vi cto rian E nglish p rose write rs. H e is essentia ll y 1 thinker ; l:ut the me rli um which he uses to con1·ey hi s tho ughLs is nobly respected by him.· A . N.
•
1HE IRISH VOLUNTEER.
Saturday, June 12th, 1915.
Irish Made Shirts, Caps, Poplin Ties, Collars, Hosiery, &c. THE BEST VALUE FOR CASH IN LIMERICK.
FALLON'S DON'T FORGET
FOR
Irish Suits to measure, from 30;-
LARKIN'S
p.<5:on.-0.15 6 11--0.ttrhun..S.m,
F ALLON,
Draper,
MANUFACTURER OF UNIFORMS AND EQU}PMENT,
10 WILLIAM STREET, LIMERICK.
8 Mary Street, DUBLIN.
LITTLE SHOP Por Big Value In Chandtery, Tobaccos; Cigarettes, &c.
DE WET'S
IRISH GOODS A. SPECIALITY.
National Pamphlet Series-
1. THE SPJ~NISH '11 AR BY THEOBALll> WOLFE TONE.
This series is issued by 1he Publication Comm itt ee Cumann na mBan, Central Branch, Dubli n.
Publishing Office, 12 D'Olier Street, Dublin. Price ld. ; One Doz. or more post free .
Constant thoughtfulness even lo smallest Details is the on ly road to National success. Therefore, note our P•hibsboro address. We are Manufacturing Confectioners, T obacconists, Newsagents, Fancy Goods, and T oy Vendors.
W, J, GOGAN, Wholesale and Retail Confectioner, 54 & 55 Madras Place, Phibsboro.
&c.,
Motto was-Never let the grass grow un ler ·your feet, keep moving.
VOLUNTEERS' Motto sh ould be-Never let your whiskers grow, keep moving them with a good razor. Prices 2/- to 7/6.
M'QUILLAN, 35·36 Capel Street, DUBLIN.
Insures Irish Volunteers against Victim~sation by their Employers.
JAMES :LENNON, Ulster's Leading Nationalist Bookseller a11d Newsagent,
CASTLE STREET and CHAPEL LANE, BELFAST. Everyone should read "The Jail Journal," "New Ireland,"" Speeches from the Dock," l / • each, by post, 1/2. All National Publications Stocked. J>rayer Books and Objects of Devotion at lowest prices. VISITORS TO BELFAST SHOULD INSPECT OUR
STOCK.
AN C UJVIAN N COSANTA.-Wanted, a co mpetent and eneni;etic secretary, who will give whole or part time to managing the Society. Apply I.V. Headquarters, 2 Dawson Street, Dublin.
Write for particulars to the Secretary, I.V. Headquarters, 2 Dawson Street Dublin.
Specialities-Irish National Costumes and Irish Volunteer Uniforms. All Garments made under Trade U nion Conditions.
VOLUNTEERS I'
THE
BADGES FOR VOLUNTEE~ UNIFORMS, Etc. MEDALS FOR RIFLE SHOOTING in Gold ·and,__ Silver, ORIGINAL
Opposite O'CONNELL MONUMENT, DUBLIN. T elephone: 3569.
CITY CLUB CIGARETTES.
LAUNDRY,
SUITS and UNIFORMS CLEANED and PRESSED IN T wo DAYS.
P. CONWAY 8J. CO.,
1782
Established 1894.
13/6
GAELS.- Where to get your News, Stationery, Cigarettes, General F a ncy Goods, etc. , etc. ...-:-
0 Faolain, \ 35 LOWER DORSET STREET. Telephone 222.
Sculptor,
KING STREEf,
CO~K.
Monuments, Headstones, etc.
Miss E. MacHugh, "63" Talbot Street, DUBLIN. L ucania. Pierce. Swift. R udge. B.S.A. New Bicycles. Cash. Easy Payments. Repairs. Accessories. Second-hand Bicycles from Is/-. Prams. and Gramophones Repaired.
LUCANIA OYOLES Best Terms (Cash Only) from
Easy Payments at Cash Prices.
THOS. J. LITTLE, The Irish Tailor,
38 J?RURY STREET, DUBLIN.
TttEcvcLE PEOPLE,
Measure.
IRIS~N~~.~DS
ARE M.lDE IN IREl..ANO,
A Smart Attire Proclaims the Man
Dunlop Tyres.
uomn-0.tt u-0. bu-0.c-0.tt-0., I
mu15 Tiu.a-Oi'O.
TREASON ! _ _ _ _ _, _
It is treason .for Iris~men to . buy the Foreign Article and neglect I rish Industries.
LOUGHLIN'S IRISH OUTFITTING
is bette r than the Foreign Shirts, Hosiery, Gloves, Braces, Hats, Caps, Boots, etc., etc. ALL IRISH. FAIR PRICES.
IRISH OUTFITTING HEADQUARTERS, t9 Parliament Street, OUBLIN.
13 Aungier Street.,
The Volunteer Boots.. To
GLEESON- & co.,
TOBACCONISTS,
31 Exchequer Street and lOa Aungier Street,
SWIFT AND IONA CYCLES. Fitted with £61 1Ss. Cash or 2/- Weekly.
MU~PHY,
10 for 3d.
TRY THEM.
your COLLARS, SlilRTS, etc, to . .
NATIONAL
I
DESIGNS.
CATALOGUES an d QUO T ATIONS FREE.
Sand
60 SOUTH WILLIAM STREET, DUBLIN.
DUBLIN.
" Everything th'lt is not Irish must be Foreign."
Man ufact urers of
Daniel M'Devitt, Irish Tweed and Serge Suits.
STREET,
Hopkins & Hopkins' JOHN A. O'CONNELL,
Tel egrams : "Meyther, Dublin."
MERCHANT TAILOR, 5 ROSEMARY ST., BELFAST (First Floor).
WEXFORD
Irish Volullteer Tailors and Drapers, 11 UPPER O'CONNELL STREET, DUBLIN.
AN CUMANN COSANTA •. •
Irish Volunteers should support .
I
1914
Specially designed for marching, and manufactured in my own factory by Irish Trq.de Union L;:i.bour. Post Orders promptly attended to.
JOHN MAL.ONE, NORTH KING STREET, DUBLIN.
D"n't Buy a Watch by the Case! By all means let the case be as good as yo .i can afford. Bt\t remember that a good case does not necessarily mean a good watch. Be sure you are buyincr an accurate timekeeper. An excellent watch is_ our £'3 3s. Silver Keyless Lever, whose average van at10n 1s less than· a minute a month.
GANTER BROS., 63 South Great George's Street, DUBLIN ..
THE IRISH VOLUNTEER.
8
Saturday, June 12th , 19r 5.
~~~~-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- ~~~~~--~~~~~~~~~
.Ask
£0~
VOLUNTEER SAUCE. Manufactured by
that the _camping seaso n ha s started
the Vo luntee r ins truc to rs to train th e \;oys in
c n ;ry sluagh of the Fianna ought to make a
;Hklit inn tn th eir ba1·ing th eir uw11 uffic ers, wh ich
\Jig e ffort to prO\·ide itself \rithout de \;1y \rith ramp ing equipme nt. Camping will pro,·e a gre at att r;ict io n to all uoys, and the re is nothing
IYOllid \)~ a great help . r hup e that th e An\ Coisde will take thi s matte r. up with o ut d e lay .
that the sluaighte co uld do b:?t te r cal culated to bring in recr ui ts tha n to run fr equent camp s.
The 1''ianna in Belfas t seems to lie e nj o ying anothe r spell of acti,·e wo rk afte r hibe rnati ng mos t of last 1Y inter. They are now ha rd at
\"011·
-x-
*
-x-
*
*
work in th e fo llowing sluaighte :Sluagh Willi e .\e ilso n, \l\Ti\l owuank, W edn b -
110 time sho uld Le lost befor e getting te nts and getting c i.mps s tarted.
dny a nd Thu rsday , a t 8 p . m . Sluagh Sh a ne 0 '.:\ e ill , l\lkGuinness·s Buil dings,
-X·
Berry Street, 1\'Ionday and Thursda y, at 8 p .m. Sluagh W oJ fe T une, i\kGuinness's Buildings,
lt is to be hoped that th e Ard Coisde will
B err y Street, vY e<lnesday a nd l'riday :1t
8 p.rn.
grea test need o f the o rga ni sation 1s an ;id equate s upply of trained officers, a nd th e
I-
Groups!
prl'scnt state of affairs .
*
*
*
Groups !
PHOTOGRAPHIC GROUP SPECIALISTS,
we re fo und to Lie a m a tter of difficulty , I woul d suggest that the me mbe rs f the Fianna
I
Lower Dorset Street, Dublin.
Phone 2902.
sho uld arrange to go to o ne of the train ing C'amps o rgani sed by the Tri sh Voluntee rs . Of
I
cou rse I und ers tand that any me rnli r of th e .Fianna 1rill be a llowed to attend any of the Volunteer camp s on th e same term s as th e
JOHN DALY'S.
Volunteers themselves; uut if o ne parti c ular
26 William Street
BAKERIES,
camp \rc re selected to whi ch a consi<le raul e number o f \Jo ys \rould go in a body , I a m sure
AN D
willing to concede spec ial terms to the Fianna. _
*
*
.
Price ONE PENNY; l'ost F ree,
J. P.
O'H~CKEY, To~ae~~~~;n:,nd
21 HENRY .STREET. No Foreign Foodsfuffs.
For " IRELAND OVER ALL." Wo rds and D.fosic as sung by Gerard Crofts, the Dublin tenor, lo the air of the great German War Song, " Deut>ch land Ueber · Alles." Send T hree Penny Stamps to Eamonn Ceannt, 2 Dolphin Terrace, Dolphin's Barn , Dnb!in. PROFITS TO IRI S H VOLUNTEE R S .
TARGET RIFLES Etc.
(;rcc ncr :ifartini Rill c:; .. . 22 c;:tl. Sten ;n 's Favourite Rifl es ~Iark s m a n Rifl es Crackshot Rifl es ,, Li ttle Scout Rifl es Win c hes ter Single Shot Rillc,; H eavy ·MO'd el Repea ter Rifl es ,, H eavy Nlodel Hamilton Boys ' Rifl es B1·itannia Air Rifl es Ada pto rs for 303 Rifl e Targe l-s, 22 ca l. Ca rlridges, CI L'a ning ' All -Sundrie:;.
l~ d .,
11
But i·ift e.-; now a.re cnrri cU 1, ,.
THE lRlSH YOLUNTU:Ii:;.
27 / li
50 / liO / l O/ li 37 / li :~ / -
1.Zod~,
·
13 Old Camden St., Dublin.
Catalognes Free
3 INN ' S QUAY, DUBLIN. Telephon e 2574.
.\merican made .22 " Hamilton " R ifl e Steve n's .'22 "Little Scout" R ill e S teven 's ·. 22 . " Cracks hot" Stevc n's .22 "1\ Ia rks1nnn " Stc\·en's .22 "Fa vourite " Sava g e .22 R epeater
Ec:mitlance,;
USE
"Green Cross Night Lights.
10 / 6 12/ li 16 / 20 / 25 / 30/ -
BANDOLIERS. Pocket- P erfec tly New-Best L ea th er--lri :; h Made-Post Free , 6 / - each.
WHELAN & . SON,
"
MADE IN IRELAND._
DRINK Dry 6in2er Ale. KER-N AN'S
an d
KE~EGAN,
L.
Fi ve
•
13/ 6 20 / -
1
Iri sh Ireland Pnbl ications, Tracts, Pamph lets, &c. , posted to any pa rt of the world on receipt of order. to accompany all.orders. Provincial Papers .stocked to order.
w
20 / 16/ li
CAN YOU SHOOT?
. InWere da.n:; mc1 gone our ,,·eapon ·cl.rbywooue11 spea1-s,~
to ·be obt<>in cd from
GS / 27 / li
Gun & Rifle Maker and Ammunition Merchant,
All Classes of . FEEDING STUFFS Stocked .
VOLU 'N TEER VERSES ,
HUSH PARM PRODUCE CAPE,
REPAIRS A SPECIALITY.
LIMERICK.
-x-
Thii; would have ·the adYantage of getting
S uppor t your own.
Sarsfield Street,.
that th e Voluntee r officers in charge wo uld Lie
:so ·oLut uo cu:1 .&r S 111nre~'l' ·
I
Groups!
KEOGH BROS., Ltd.,
lf Hie organising uf a F ianna train ing c11111i
le.,1M m
DO YOU FEEL WEAK, DEPRESSED, or RUN DOWN? CA.HILL'S AROMATIC QUININE AND IRON TON lC will tone you up, s teady your nerves , improve For summl:r your appetite, enrich your bl ood. lassituue, for Neuralgi a , try a bottle l s. a nd 2s. ; postag e 4d. Made only by ARTHUR j. CAHILL, Th e National Chemist, 82A Lows r Dor:;et t., Dub lin.
R ecruits a re wclcume in a ll sluaighte .
summer o ught no t to be a I lo wed to pa ss without a ge nuine effo rt b eing ma de to remedy th e
S. C.. ROAD, DUBLIN.
IRISH VOLUNTEERS
Tents ('all ue got fr om local makers Or from the H ead <1uarte rs of the [r ish Vo luntee rs, and
Lake imme diate s tep s to h aYe a camp thi s summer fo r tra ining office rs for the F .ia n na . The
TWINEM - - BR·OS.,
DUBLIN. . RAZORS. SCISSORS, POCKET KNIVES, and 1_7 Upper Ormond Quay,
· RAZOR STROPS from l/· Jo 5/6 each. WILLIAM RUSSELL 8/.. SONS Ha ird res sers ,
55 SOUTH KING STREET, DUBLIN. P1·inkd fc1r tl w P1· ppri1·lor ~ :1l th (· Nnr lhg ~1k Prinlin;. .~: \Vork s , 13 c lf ~ist , a nd publi ,;h ed ~l Lh c V o lunlt ·('l1le:icl lju:irl e1·, , '2 O:rn·s1 >11 St1·c·l· L, Dublin .