Portfolio Sborlini Antonela

Page 1

SBORLINI ANTONELA ESTEFANIA PORTFOLIO ARCHITECT FADU/UBA URBANISM STUDENT POLIMI


CENTRO CULTURAL DEL BICENTENARIO CIUDAD DE BUENOS AIRES. 2015. Photo taken with CANON EOS 1100D


CONTENTS

RESUME 03

ABOUT ME AND THE PORTFOLIO

URBANISM

05

ARCHITECTURAL PROJECTS UNIVERSITY OF BUENOS AIRES

CeMAA UNA

STER GRID

AZUL MUNICIPAL CENTER OF ARTS (2010 - 10.00/10.00) 09

BUILDING IN SAN TELMO (2011 - 10.00/10.00)

STA BUILDING FOR ARTISTS

POLITECNICO DI MILANO

SAN TELMO (2013 - 9.00/10.00)

NOVATE MILANESE (2016 - 30L) SCALO FARINI MILAN INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE WORKSHOP (2017 - 30)

WALLS and BALCONIES

11

IN-BETWEEN

13

URBAN KNITTING

MY MILAN (2017 - 30L)

MODENA (2017 - 30L) 2ND PRIZE URBAN PROMO GIOVANNI 2017 SHARING CITIES DISTRICT MILAN (2018 - 30L)

17

DESIMONE HOUSE

19

LEMHOFER HOUSE

URBANISM

BELLA VISTA OSAWA ARCHITECTS & ASSOC MORENO OWN PROJECT

LOS ROBLES HOUSE

UNIVERSITY OF BUENOS AIRES

CODECITY

33

GRADUATE PROJECTS

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (2012 - 10.00/10.00) ENERGY CONSUMPTION (2013 - 10.00/10.00)

31

ARCHITECTURE

UNIVERSITY OF BUENOS AIRES

EZEIZA HOUSE

29

35

ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH

PUERTO IBICUY

27

PILAR E-ARK ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN

43 45 47

ISLA MARTIN GARCIA (2013 - 10.00/10.00)

HOUSING DEFICIT

JOSÉ C. PAZ (2014 - 10.00/10.00)

21 23

ACKNOWLEDGMENT 49

02


PERSONAL INFORMATION Address:

Via Bartolomeo Eustachi Nยบ32/B. (CAP 20129). Milano. MI.

Mobile Number: (+39) 391 491 5297

E-Mail:

asborlini@gmail.com antonela.sborlini@mail.polimi.it

WhatsApp/Telegram: (+39) 391 491 5297 (+39) 392 097 7874

Date of Birth 20/05/1988 Nationality Argentinian Mother Tongue Spanish

UNDEFINED SPACES: PUBLIC-PRIVATE COLLAGE MADE FOR THE STA PROJECT IN 2013


RESUME EDUCATION AND TRAINING

September 2016 Present

March 2016 September 2016

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN URBAN PLANNING AND POLICY DESIGN Politecnico di Milano. Scuola di Archittetura, Urbanistica e Ingenieria delle Costruzioni (AUIC). Via Andrea Maria Ampere 2 (CAP 20123) Milano, MI. Current average: 29.52/30.00 (108.25/110)

March 2007 September 2015

March 2003 December 2005

March 2015 December 2015

BACHELOR DEGREE IN ART, COMMUNICATION AND DESIGN Istituto Giovanni Pascoli - Club Italiano. Av. Pres. Juan Domingo Peron 4350, Jose C. Paz, Buenos Aires. Average: 9.86/10.00

March 2014 December 2015

March 2011 May 2011

ENGLISH

CAMBRIDGE FIRST CERTIFICATE (FCE). LEVEL B2 - A.

ITALIAN

2003

CORSO DI LINGUA E CULTURA ITALIANA. Livello 3º anno adulti. Istituto Giovanni Pascoli. Jose C. Paz, BA, Argentina.

SOFTWARE CAD (Autocad 2D/3D, Revit, Archicad) - ADOBE PACKAGE (Illustrator, InDesign, Photoshop, Premiere) - 3D MAX+VRAY - SKETCHUP - MICROSOFT OFFICE (Word, Excel, PowerPoint) GIS (ArcGis, QGIS) - MATLAB.

JUNIOR ARCHITECT DESIGNER

INTERNSHIP Department of Transportation Department of Transportation and Road Administration. Buenos Aires City Government. FADU-TRANSPORTE program. Agreement with University of Buenos Aires.

September 2014 May 2015

March 2015 December 2015

VOLUNTEER MARQ Museum of Architecture MARQ – SCA (Museum of Architecture – Central Society of Architects) Av. Del Libertador 999, Buenos Aires.

TEACHING ASSISTANT

FADU/UBA URBAN PLANNING

Arch. Alfredo Garay. Urban Planning. Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Urbanismo (F.A.D.U.). Universidad de Buenos Aires (U.B.A.). March 2014 December 2015

2014

Castellani (Foreman Builder Castellani Daniel – License Number T-11302). Compostela Nº 387, José C. Paz, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Osawa Architects & Asoc. (Architect Osawa Roberto Luis – License Number C.A.P.B.A. 3497). Italia Nº 325, San Miguel, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

PERSONAL SKILLS LANGUAGES

ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS CAD 2D D´onofrio-Stanicic (Forewoman Builder Stanicic Mónica – License Number T-17990). Av. Pte. Sarmiento Nº 3165, San Miguel, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

BASIC COURSE OF ADMISSION UBA Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Urbanismo (F.A.D.U.) Universidad de Buenos Aires (U.B.A.). Ciudad Universitaria, Nuñez, CABA - 3rd Pavilion. (PC:1428) Average: 8.86/10.00

JUNIOR ARCHITECT DESIGNER E-ARK Architecture & Design. Arch. Flores Arce Adolfo (License Number C.A.P.B.A. 25519). Champagnat 870, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

DEGREE IN ARCHITECTURE Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Urbanismo (F.A.D.U.) Universidad de Buenos Aires (U.B.A.). Ciudad Universitaria, Nuñez, CABA - 3rd Pavilion. (PC:1428) Average: 9.07/10.00

March 2006 December 2006

WORK EXPERIENCE

TEACHING ASSISTANT

FADU/UBA ARCH. DESIGN AND PLANNING

Arch. Alberto Varas (“Red”) Architectural Design and Urban Planning. Professor in charge: Arch. Hugo Montorfano. Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Urbanismo (F.A.D.U.). Universidad de Buenos Aires (U.B.A.) May 2011 December 2014

TEACHING ASSISTANT

FADU/UBA CONSTRUCTIONS

Arch. Carlos Castellano. Constructions. Professor in charge Arch. Enrique Bahton. Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Urbanismo (F.A.D.U.). Universidad de Buenos Aires (U.B.A.)

04


OVERVIEW OF LISBON LISBON. 2013. Photo taken with CANON EOS 1100D


ABOUT ME AND THE PORTFOLIO

THIS PORTFOLIO IS A SELECTION OF WORKS AND PROJECTS THAT WERE PART OF MY PATH AS A FORMER STUDENT AT THE UNIVERSITY OF BUENOS AIRES AND CURRENTLY AT POLITECNICO DI MILANO, TOGETHER WITH A FEW EXAMPLES OF MY WORKING CAREER. THE PROJECTS ARE NOT REPRODUCED IN A COMPLETE WAY, SINCE ONLY THE MOST INTERESTING AND USEFUL IMAGES FROM MY POINT OF VIEW ARE PLOTTED HERE. HOWEVER SOME OF THE PROJECTS CAN BE SEEN IN COMPLETE WAY ON MY ISSUU PROFILE OR IN THE WEB ADDRESSES SPECIFIED IN CERTAIN PROJECTS. FIFTEEN PROJECTS MIGHT SEEM A LOT, BUT THEY REPRESENT HOW MUCH I APPRECIATE WHAT I DO AND HOW PASSIONATE I AM WHILE WORKING. I REALLY ENJOY DESIGNING, PROJECTING, PROPOSING AND DREAMING AND I PUT 100% OF MYSELF IN EVERYTHING I DO. THIS HAS ALWAYS BEEN MY ATTITUDE AND MAYBE MY BIGGEST STRENGTH. I USUALLY FALL IN LOVE WITH MY PROJECTS SINCE I DEDICATE MANY HOURS AND A LOT OF EFFORT TO THEM. NEVERTHELESS THIS DOES NOT MEAN THAT I BELIEVE THAT MY PROJECTS ARE “COMPLETE”, I THINK THAT EVERYTHING CAN ALWAYS BE IMPROVED AND THIS THOUGHT IS WHAT KEEPS ME TRYING TO GIVE MORE AND MORE IN THE THINGS THAT ARE TO COME. I LIKE WORKING IN GROUPS (THAT IS WHY I DECIDED TO MENTION ALL THE PERSONS THAT WORKED WITH ME FOR THE DIFFERENT PROJECTS AT THE END OF THIS PORTFOLIO), SHARING IDEAS AND DISCUSSING ABOUT THEM. IT IS A VERY ENRICHING PROCESS THAT ALLOWS THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROJECTS MUCH MORE INTERESTING THAN WHAT THEY COULD HAVE BEEN IF PRODUCED OR PROPOSED BY JUST ONE MIND. IN GROUP WORKS I LIKE TO COOPERATE BUT I DO NOT MIND TO TAKE THE TOUGHEST TASKS IF REQUIRED OR NEEDED, I ENJOY CHALLENGES.

ORDER AND ORGANIZATION ARE FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES, AND I THINK IT IS ALSO VISIBLE THROUGHOUT MY PORTFOLIO. NOTWITHSTANDING IT DOES NOT DARKEN CREATIVITY. IN MY WAY OF WORKING ORDER IS A FRAMEWORK WHERE CREATIVITY CAN BE EXPRESSED. THE LAYOUT OF THE PORTFOLIO SIGNIFIES THAT, IT IS VERY REPETITIVE, STRUCTURED AND NEUTRAL, ALLOWING INSIDE THE PAGES TO SHOW DIFFERENT COLORS, TECNICHES, STYLES AND IDEAS. I AM ALWAYS TRYING TO LEARN NEW THINGS, IT WOULD BE A DREAM TO HAVE THE POSSIBILITY TO KEEP ON STUDYING AND ALSO TO BE PART OF A WORKING TEAM WHERE I COULD EXPRESS MYSELF AND CONTRIBUTE WITH MY THOUGHTS AND IDEAS WHILE ENRICHING MYSELF. MY PARENTS HAVE ALWAYS BEEN MY BIGGEST SUPPORT AND I AM IMMENSELY GRATEFUL OF THAT, THEY GAVE ME THE CHANCE OF STUDYING WHAT I LIKE, WITHOUT ANY PRESSURE. IN THE SAME WAY THEY HELPED ME WHEN I DECIDED TO MOVE FROM ARGENTINA TO ITALY TO FOLLOW MY DREAMS. I MIGHT SAY THIS CHANGE WAS NOT AN EASY ONE AT ALL, NOT ONLY FROM THE ECONOMIC POINT OF VIEW. STUDYING ONCE AGAIN AFTER SOME YEARS OF HAVING FINISHED MY STUDIES IN THE UNIVERSITY OF BUENOS AIRES, AND FINDING MYSELF WITH ABOUT THIRTY YEARS OLD SURROUNDED BY COLLEAGUES IN THEIR TWENTIES WAS NOT SIMPLE SITUATION. BUT I STRONGLY BELIEVE IT IS NEVER LATE TO STUDY AND LEARN, AND YOU ARE NEVER OLD ENOUGH FOR THAT. HAVING SAID ALL THESE, FOR CONCLUDING I MUST SAY THIS PORTFOLIO REPRESENTS A PART OF ME AND MY LIFE - ALMOST ONE THIRD OF ALL MY LIVING TIME. I HOPE WHOEVER IS READING THIS NOTES ENJOYS MY PROJECTS AND THIS PORTFOLIO AS LONG AS I ENJOYED PRODUCING THEM. ANTONELA ESTEFANIA SBORLINI ARCHITECT URBAN PLANNING STUDENT

06


OVERVIEW OF BUENOS AIRES CIUDAD DE BUENOS AIRES. 2015. Photo taken with CANON EOS 1100D


UNIVERSITY OF BUENOS AIRES

RESUME 03

ABOUT ME AND THE PORTFOLIO

URBANISM

05

ARCHITECTURAL PROJECTS UNIVERSITY OF BUENOS AIRES

CeMAA UNA

STER GRID

AZUL MUNICIPAL CENTER OF ARTS (2010 - 10.00/10.00) 07

BUILDING IN SAN TELMO (2011 - 10.00/10.00)

STA BUILDING FOR ARTISTS

POLITECNICO DI MILANO

SAN TELMO (2013 - 9.00/10.00)

NOVATE MILANESE (2016 - 30L) SCALO FARINI MILAN INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE WORKSHOP (2017 - 30)

WALLS and BALCONIES

09

IN-BETWEEN

11

URBAN KNITTING

MY MILAN (2017 - 30L)

MODENA (2017 - 30L) 2ND PRIZE URBAN PROMO GIOVANNI 2017 SHARING CITIES DISTRICT MILAN (2018 - 30L)

15

DESIMONE HOUSE

17

LEMHOFER HOUSE

URBANISM

BELLA VISTA OSAWA ARCHITECTS & ASSOC MORENO OWN PROJECT

LOS ROBLES HOUSE

UNIVERSITY OF BUENOS AIRES

CODECITY

29

GRADUATE PROJECTS

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (2012 - 10.00/10.00) ENERGY CONSUMPTION (2013 - 10.00/10.00)

27

ARCHITECTURE

UNIVERSITY OF BUENOS AIRES

EZEIZA HOUSE

25

31

ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH

PUERTO IBICUY

23

PILAR E-ARK ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN

37 39 41

ISLA MARTIN GARCIA (2013 - 10.00/10.00)

HOUSING DEFICIT

JOSÉ C. PAZ (2014 - 10.00/10.00)

19 21

ACKNOWLEDGMENT 43

08


CeMAA CENTRO MUNICIPAL

DE ARTES DE AZUL

CeMAA AZUL MUNICIPAL CENTRE OF ARTS ARCH. ALBERTO VARAS COURSE LEVEL 3 2010

THE FIRST PART OF THE WORK WAS DETERMINED BY (1) A SITE ANALYSIS (IDENTIFICATION OF BORDERS, LANDMARKS, PROGRAMS AND PROFILES), (2) A GAME FOR PROPOSING URBAN STRATEGIES AND (3) THE ANALYSIS OF A BUILDING (WOLFSBURG THEATRE).

DESCRIPTIVE MEMORY THIS WAS A THEORETICAL PROJECT FOR THE CITY OF AZUL. THE MAIN IDEA WAS DEVELOPING A MASTER PLAN WHICH INVOLVED FOUR STRATEGIES: 1. ACCESSIBILITY AND URBAN/RURAL DEVELOPMENT. 2. STUDENT EXCHANGE. 3. PUBLIC/PRIVATE ARTICULATION FOR THE PRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT. 4. STRENGTHENING LOCAL IDENTITY. TO ACHIEVE THESE OBJECTIVES THE PROPOSAL WAS BUILDING A CENTER OF ARTS AND DEVELOPING A FEW INTERVENTIONS- NAMED PARASITES- INTO EXISTING BUILDINGS (SCHOOLS). DISTRIBUTING THESE BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENTS IN SPECIFIC PLACES, THROUGH THE INTRODUCTION OF ARTISTIC ACTIVITIES WHILE ENHANCING THE MOBILITY AND CONNECTIONS THROUGH THE CITY. THE MAIN BUILDING (CeMAA) TOOK AS A STARTING POINT THE ANALYSIS OF THE WOLFSBURG THEATRE IN GERMANY PROJECTED BY THE ARCHITECT HANS SCHAROUN. CONSIDERING ITS LOCATION, IT CONNECTS THE TWO MARGINS OF AZUL RIVER AND IS SETTLED AS A LANDMARK FOR THE AREA. AN EXTENSIVE WORK WAS ALSO DEVELOPED CONSIDERING THE MATERIALITY, WHICH IS SYNTHETIZED AS THE CONTRAST BETWEEN A LIGHT SKIN AND A HEAVY BASEMENT.

09

FIG.01 (Above). GENERAL SCHEME OF THE NETWORK. Development of an educational and cultural program.

FIG.02 (Above). LOCALIZATION OF THE MAIN BUILDING (CeMAA) AND SURROUNDING ELEMENTS. FIG.03 (Below). GENERAL IMAGE OF THE MAIN BUILDING (CeMAA) AND THE CROSSING BRIDGE.


THE SECOND PART WAS ORIENTED TO (1) THE DEFINITION OF A PERTINENT PROGRAM FOR THE PROPOSED BUILDING, (2) ITS ARCHITECTURE AND (3) TECHNOLOGY. HAVING AS A BASE THE INFORMATION GATHERED AND PROPOSED DURING THE FIRST PART.

FIG.04 (Above). GROUNDFLOOR LEVEL OF THE MAIN BUILDING. The morphology and the distribution is inspired and based on Scharoun´s building: Wolfsburg Theatre.

ARCHITECTURAL PROJECTS UNIVERSITY OF BUENOS AIRES

FIG.05 (Above). TRANSVERSAL SECTION OF THE MAIN BUILDING. There is a clear difference between the heavy structure of the basement and the light one of the skin. FIG.06 (Below). SEQUENCE OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE MODEL. Starting from the entire building with its immediate environment, extracting the light coverage skin and finally the skeleton of the building without environment or skin. Model in wood, whose parts (four pieces) can be extracted and then placed in the same position.

10


UNA BUILDING IN SAN TELMO ARCH. BECKER/BRUNO/FAIVRE/SEBASTIAN COURSE LEVEL 4 2011

THIS WAS A GROUP UNDERGRADUATE PROJECT WHICH STARTED WITH A STRONG SITE ANALYSIS, SINCE PARTICULARLY THIS AREA HAS AN INTERESTING HISTORICAL AND MATERIAL BACKGROUND. -THE NEXT PROJECT IS LOCATED CLOSE BY (PAG. 11/12)-.

DESCRIPTIVE MEMORY THE BUILDING WAS AN ACTIVITY TO PROPOSE A NEW HEADQUARTER FOR THE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF ARTS (UNA) IN SAN TELMO, CABA. LOCATED IN FRONT OF LEZAMA PARK. THE IDEA WAS TO DEFINE A NEW LANDMARK FOR THE AREA. REGARDING URBAN CONSIDERATIONS, THE AIM WAS TO ESTABLISH A CORRESPONDENCE AMONG THE ENVIRONMENT, THE PROGRAM AND THE VOLUME OF THE BUILDING. PUBLIC USES ARE CLOSED TO THE MAIN ENTRANCE OVER PASEO COLON AVE, WHILE THE MOST PRIVATE AND SPECIFIC ONES (SUCH AS CLASSROOMS, OFFICES, THE ADMINISTRATION AREA) HAVE A CLEAR ENTRANCE BY A POSTERIOR ESPLANADE OVER BALCARSE STREET. THE BUILDING WAS SEPARATED FROM THE WALL WHICH DIVIDES THE PLOTS, GENERATING A WALKWAY, CONNECTING PASEO COLON AVENUE AND BALCARSE STREET. MATERIALITY AND FLEXIBILITY WERE ALSO IMPORTANT TOPICS. KEEPING THE PROJECT THE MOST SIMPLE AND PURE WAS ONE OF THE MOST DIFFICULT TASKS. THE PEDAGOGICAL PRISM IS COVERED IN ALL ITS FACADES WITH THE SAME MATERIAL, WHOSE TREATMENT VARIES ACCORDING TO THE ORIENTATION, WHILE THE BASEMENT COMBINES GLASS AND CONCRETE.

11

FIG.07 (Above). ANALYZED TYPOLOGIES. Pavilion+Basement vs Tower+Basement. FIG.08 (Below) FIRST FLOOR “ADMINISTRATIVE LEVEL” (+0.18m).

FIG.09 (Above). LOCALIZATION OF THE MAIN BUILDING AND SURROUNDING ELEMENTS. FIG.10 (Right). LONGITUDINAL SECTION.


THE PROGRAM WAS FIXED BUT AN EXTENSIVE REDEFINITION AND COMPREHENSION OF THIS WAS DEVELOPED AS PART OF THE PROJECT. IT WAS CRUCIAL TO UNDERSTAND WHICH WAS THE MOST ACCURATE LOCATION FOR EACH PROPOSED FUNCTION.

FIG.11 (Above). SKETCH - EXTERIOR PERSPECTIVE. View to Parque Lezama and the accessible terrace.

ARCHITECTURAL PROJECTS UNIVERSITY OF BUENOS AIRES

FIG.12 (Above). SKETCH - EXTERIOR PERSPECTIVE. View to the building from the back street (Balcarse). Access to the coffee bar.

FIG.13 (Above). SKETCH - EXTERIOR PERSPECTIVE. View of the passage that unites the main street (Av. Paseo Colon) and the back street (Balcarse).

12


SAN TELMO ARTE

STA BUILDING FOR ARTISTS IN SAN TELMO ARCH. ALBERTO VARAS COURSE LEVEL 5 2013

THIS PROJECT WAS THE LAST ONE DEVELOPED BEFORE GETTING THE ARCHITECTURAL DEGREE, AND IMPLIED A QUITE EXTENSIVE WORK. THE PREVIOUS STEP, BEFORE THE DESIGN OF THE BUILDING ITSELF, WAS DIVIDED IN SIX PARTS, MENTIONED IN THE NEXT PAGE.

DESCRIPTIVE MEMORY BUILDING FOR ARTISTS IN SAN TELMO, BUENOS AIRES. THIS WAS AN EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL PROJECT, WERE THE MAIN FOCUS WAS THE GEOMETRICAL RESEARCH. BY USING A NON CONVENTIONAL GEOMETRY, THE IDEA WAS TO ADAPT THE BUILDING TO THE ENVIRONMENT; LIMITING THE FOOTPRINT OF THE PROJECT AND ITS HEIGHTS. TWO SPECIFIC PUBLIC SPACES WERE DETERMINED BY THE BUILDING´S SHAPE: AN URBAN PLAYGROUND AND AN URBAN ATRIUM. THESE ONES ARE RELATED TO THE PROGRAM, DEFINED BY STACKING FUNCTIONS HELPING TO REDUCE THE FOOTPRINT, AND PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SPACE LIMITATIONS. LEAVING THE BIGGEST POSSIBLE AMOUNT OF FREE SPACE AT GROUND FLOOR LEVEL AND CONNECTING IT WITH THE BASEMENT, WAS RELATED TO THE INTENTION OF INCREASING ITS APPROPRIATION BY THE NEIGHBORHOOD. REGARDING TO THE VERTICAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ARTISTIC FUNCTIONS, THE MAIN AIM WAS TO GENERATE A CIRCUIT OF ARTISTIC PRODUCTION, AVOIDING INTERFERENCES. ALSO THIS FACILITATES VENTILATION, LIGHTING AND CONTACT WITH THE OUTSIDE, MAKING THE ENTIRE BUILDING AN EXHIBITION PLACE FOR THE NEIGHBORHOOD AND THE CITY.

13

SPACE LIMITS FIXED

BLURRED LIMITS

PROPOSED PUBLIC SPACES

BUILDING SKETCH

FIG.14 (Above). SCHEMES RELATED TO THE AIM AND GOALS OF THE PROJECT. FIG.15 (Below). EXTERIOR VIEW. Facade on Peru street and urban atrium.

FIG.16 (Above). LOCALIZATION OF THE BUILDING AND SURROUNDING ELEMENTS (Parque Lezama). FIG.17 (Below). EXTERIOR VIEW. Main facade on Caseros Avenue.


(1) “OBSTRUCTIONS”, OBJECT RESEARCH, (2) SITE ANALYSIS, DERIVE, (3) PUBLIC AND PRIVATE CONSIDERATIONS THROUGH COLLAGES AND MODELS, (4) ANALYSIS OF PROGRAMMATIC SOLUTIONS, (5) GEOMETRY, MODELS AND EXPLORATION AND (6) MATERIALITY.

FIG.18 (Above). GROUND FLOOR LEVEL. Enhance the continuity, avoiding limits, to make the entire space easy to walk through. FIG.19 (Bellow). EXTERIOR VIEW. Urban atrium and expositions, also it is possible to see the ateliers and spaces of artistic production.

ARCHITECTURAL PROJECTS UNIVERSITY OF BUENOS AIRES

FIG.20 (Above). LONGITUDINAL SECTION. Welcoming arch to the “Patio” and the functions of the basement. FIG.21 (Bellow). EXTERIOR VIEW. Internal “Patio”.

14


SAN TELMO ARTE

FIG.22 (Above). MODEL OF THE ENTIRE BUILDING AND THE FACADES OF THE SURROUNDINGS. SEQUENCE FIG.23/ FIG.24/ FIG.25 (Right, from top to bottom). CONSTRUCTION OF THE MODEL, WITH THE DIFFERENT LEVELS AND PARTS THAT CONSTITUTE THE ARCHITECTURAL OBJECT. Model developed in wood and black paper highlighting the main structural elements. The idea of making the model easily detachable helped to explain the organization of the stacked functions inside the volumetry, the definition of the open spaces at ground floor level and the connection between the different parts of the building itself.

15

THE MODEL AND THE CONSTRUCTIVE DETAILS WERE ALSO FUNDAMENTAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PRESENTATION OF THE PROJECT, SINCE THEY WERE THE LAST STEPS FOR SHOWING THE UNDERSTANDING AND THE LAST CONSIDERATIONS MADE ABOUT THE ARCHITECTURE AND THE SPACE.


ARCHITECTURAL PROJECTS UNIVERSITY OF BUENOS AIRES

FIG.26 (Left). CONSTRUCTIVE DETAIL. Main Facade that looks over the urban atrium of Caseros Avenue. Particular attention was paid to the design of the facades, the materiality and the definition of the edges; the simplicity of the design, and the pure expression of the materials, but at the same time considering the comfort inside the building and the correlation with hosted functions.

16


PUERTO IBICUY

PUERTO IBICUY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ARCH. MICHELI COURSE SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE 2012

THE MAIN REFERENT FOR THIS PROJECT WAS THE GAVIA PARK PROPOSAL BY TOYO ITO (2005) DEVELOPED IN VILLECAS, MADRID, SPAIN. WHICH IS BASICALLY AN URBAN PARK BASED ON THE FILTERING AND RECYCLING OF RAIN AND GREY WATER.

DESCRIPTIVE MEMORY LOCATED IN PUERTO IBUCUY, ENTRE RIOS, 200KM NORTH EAST FROM BUENOS AIRES, THE MAIN AIM OF THE PROJECT, FROM THE URBAN POINT OF VIEW, WAS TO CONNECT THE EXISTENT TOWN WITH THE EXISTENT BUT NEGLECTED WETLANDS AND RIVER, BY PROMOTING THE REVITALIZATION OF THE AREA. APART FROM THE PROPOSAL OF HOUSING PROTOTYPES (NOT PRESENTED IN THIS SYNTHESIS), THE MOST INTERESTING ISSUE WAS THE CREATION OF TWO PARKS: A LINEAL ONE ACCOMPANYING THE TRAIN TRACKS AND ANOTHER ONE WITH ARTIFICIAL WETLANDS BESIDE THE NATURAL ONES (WHICH WAS THE MAIN AIM OF THE RESEARCH). AN EXHAUSTIVE RESEARCH RELATED TO FILTERING SYSTEMS, WATER STORAGE DEVICES AND NATURAL FUNCTIONS OF WETLANDS WAS DEVELOPED IN ORDER TO DEFINE THE PROPOSAL BASED ALSO ON THE GAVIA PARK PROJECT BY TOYO ITO. THE RESEARCH THAT LEAD TO THIS PROJECT, WAS ALSO VALUABLE FOR UNDERSTANDING THE IMPORTANCE OF PAYING ATTENTION TO WATER CONSUMPTION ISSUES AND WARNING ABOUT THE DESTRUCTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT, WITH A SPECIAL FOCUS ON NATURAL WETLANDS AREAS, WHICH ARE NATURAL WATER SPONGES REGULATING RIVER FLOODS AND STABILIZING THE SURROUNDING ECOSYSTEM.

17

WETLANDS URBAN PARK URBAN SCALE. INTERVENTION AT A NEIGHBORHOOD SCALE. HOUSING PLOT AND URBAN FILTERING PARK

HOUSING UNIT

FILTERING SYSTEM COMPLEMENTARY CIRCUIT

WETLANDS URBAN PARK

SCHEME OF THE ENTIRE SYSTEM. PHASES AND SEQUENCE

FIG.27 / FIG.28 (Above). SCHEMES OF THE FUNCTIONING FOR THE PROPOSED FILTERING SYSTEM. Combining the use of different tanks and artificial wetlands which generates an urban park, that acts as a limit and protection for the natural wetlands of the area. FIG.29 (Below). BIRD´S EYE IMAGE OF THE ENTIRE DEVELOPMENT.


THE SYSTEM HAS 5 PHASES: 3 OF THEM ARE RELATED TO FILTERING AND REMAINING 2 TO WATER STORAGE. EACH ONE IS CONSTITUTED BY SEVERAL TANKS, WITH A SPECIFIC FUNCTION, THEY CAN NOT BE EXPOSED TO SUNLIGHT OR HIGH TEMPERATURES.

ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH UNIVERSITY OF BUENOS AIRES

FIG.30 (Above left). FILTERING SYSTEM, 1ST CYCLE - BEFORE THE WETLANDS. Water tanks receiving water for the kitchen basin, the shower, water collection system and the heating system´s purge. FIG.31 (Above right). FILTERING SYSTEM, 3RD CYCLE - AFTER THE WETLANDS. The water could be used for the washing machine, the heating system, irrigation and the toilet. FIG.32 (Bellow). DETAIL OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE ARTIFICIAL WETLAND.

BOD 33MG/L

1ST MECHANICAL BIOLOGICAL FILTER PLANTS, GRAVEL AND SAND

2ND MECHANICAL FILTER FLOOD GATES, AIR INJECTION

3RD MECHANICAL BIOLOGICAL FILTER PLANTS, GRAVEL AND SAND

BOD 5MG/L

18


BUILDINGS´ENERGY EZEIZA HOUSE

EZEIZA HOUSE ENERGY CONSUMPTION ARCH. EVANS COURSE ENERGY IN BUILDINGS 2013

DESCRIPTIVE MEMORY

ORIGINAL CONDITION

THIS WAS AN INTERESTING RESEARCH PROJECT, WHICH WAS NOT BASED ON THE PROPOSAL OF A NEW ARCHITECTURAL OBJECT, BUT ON THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE FUNCTIONING OF AN ALREADY PROPOSED ONE, TAKING INTO CONSIDERATION THE THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF THE USED MATERIALS, ENERGY CONSUMPTION, COMFORT PARAMETERS AND LIGHT INCIDENCE. WHILE CONSIDERING DIFFERENT INDICATORS, IT WAS POSSIBLE TO PROPOSE CHANGES TO THE BUILDING, IN TERMS OF IMPROVING INSULATION AND DEVELOPING SUMMER STRATEGIES . SMALL CHANGES, THAT COULD INCREASE JUST IN A MINIMUM AMOUNT THE CONSTRUCTION COSTS -IN THE SHORT RUN-, COULD REDUCE ENERGY LOSSES AND GAS CONSUMPTIONS, INCREASING THE GENERAL COMFORT FOR THE INHABITANTS, AND REDUCE COSTS IN THE LONG RUN. THE RESEARCH WAS ORGANIZED IN SIX STEPS: (1) GENERAL ANALYSIS OF THE -RESIDENTIAL- BUILDING CONSIDERING ITS ORGANIZATION, LOCATION AND MATERIALS; (2) DESCRIPTION OF THE THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS; (3) ENERGETIC LABELING; (4) SHADOW CASTS; (5) ANALYSIS OF INTERNAL TEMPERATURES AND COMFORT CONDITIONS; AND (6) SUMMER STRATEGIES (PASSIVE ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN).

19

THE ARCHITECTURAL PROJECT ANALYZED IS NOT COMPLETELY REPRODUCED IN DETAIL HERE, SINCE IT WAS THE FAMILIAR HOUSE OF ONE OF THE RESEARCH TEAM MEMBERS; ALSO AT THE TIME THIS ANALYSIS TOOK PLACE, THE HOUSE WAS BEING CONSTRUCTED.

STEAM BARRIER

POOR THERMAL INSULATION

GAS CONSUMPTION AR$7189.70 ANNUAL COST 29751KWhrs AVERAGE CONSUMPTION 2.05W/m2K THERMAL TRANSMITTANCE 6.03C TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE

FIBERGLASS WOOL STEAM BARRIER

BETTER THERMAL INSULATION

H

FIG.33 (Above). CONSTRUCTIVE DETAIL. Original condition, materials and energetic behavior. FIG.34 (Below) GRAPHS SHOWING ORIGINAL COMFORT CONDITIONS. SUMMER CONDITION

STEAM BARRIER EPS

WINTER CONDITION

PROPOSED IMPROVEMENT GAS CONSUMPTION AR$3212.30 ANNUAL COST 16698KWhrs AVERAGE CONSUMPTION 0.89W/m2K THERMAL TRANSMITTANCE 2.54C TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE

E

FIG.35 (Above). CONSTRUCTIVE DETAIL. Original condition, materials and energetic behavior. FIG.36 (Below) GRAPHS SHOWING IMPROVED COMFORT CONDITIONS. SUMMER CONDITION

WINTER CONDITION


JUST SOME RESULTS ARE SKETCHED, SINCE THE ENTIRE RESEARCH WAS A QUITE EXTENSIVE ONE, IMPLYING THE USE OF SEVERAL EXCEL TABLES FOR UNDERSTANDING THERMAL BEHAVIOR AND TESTING PROPOSED CHANGES, AMONG OTHER ISSUES.

ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH UNIVERSITY OF BUENOS AIRES

FIG.37 (Left). SHADOW CASTS. 3D model for the analysis of shadows, considering the South West facade of the building. Figures in descending order: Winter Solstice, equinox and summer solstice; From left to right 9.00hs, 12.00hs, 15.00hs and 17.00hs. The same results were verified also using a physical (not virtual) heliodon, with a corresponding model.

20


CODECITY ISLA MARTIN GARCIA ARCH. VARAS COURSE URBAN PROJECT 2013 PUBLISHED ON http://www.proyectored.org/pu/index.php?/ciudades/2013-codecity/

THE MAIN IDEA OF THIS EXCERSICE WAS TO THINK ABOUT THE POSSIBILITIES FOR THE CREATION OF NEW CITIES, WITH NEW RULES AND LOGICS OF GENERATION. THAT IS WHY THE ANALYSIS OF THE AREA WAS NOT A CRUCIAL POINT OR IMPORTANT REQUIREMENT.

DESCRIPTIVE MEMORY THIS THEORETICAL PROJECT (LOCATED IN ISLA MARTIN GARCIA, BUENOS AIRES) IS A MODIFICATION OF THE TRADITIONAL CITY CONCEPT WITHOUT SQUARE BLOCKS. LONGITUDINAL BLOCKS ARE PROPOSED WHILE CIRCULATION SYSTEMS ORGANIZE CONNECTIONS INSIDE AND OUTSIDE THE CITY. THE AIM WAS GENERATING A CODE THAT COULD BE APPLIED EVERYWHERE, JUST CONSIDERING LIMITS AND USING PROPOSED PLUGGINGS. REGULATION OF CONSTRUCTED MASS ARE BASED ON DIFFERENT PERCENTAGES OF USES, PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SPACES AND DENSITY, ESTABLISHED BY BLOCK, WITH SPECIFIC FOT, FOS AND MAXIMUM HEIGHT VALUES. THE GENERAL WORK WAS ORGANIZED FOLLOWING 5 LAYERS: (1) DENSITY. USING ABSTRACT IMAGES OF TISSUES AND FRAMES, TO DETERMINE NEW WAYS OF ORGANIZATIONS FOR THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT. (2) USES. THROUGH THE STUDY OF RELATIONSHIPS OF FUNCTIONS BY DIAGRAMS. (3) FLOWS. TO UNDERSTAND WHAT EACH TRANSPORT IMPLIES AND REQUIRES. (4) FABRIC AND LANDSCAPE. BY A CODE LIMITING HEIGHT AND PROXIMITY OF MASS BUILT. (5) PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SPACES. USING PERCENTAGES, AND CONSIDERING THE DUALITY BUILT-UNBUILT.

21

FIG.38 (Above). POSSIBLE URBAN IMAGE OF THE CHANNEL. Linear public space that crosses the entire city, where there is a combination of water, vegetation and concrete. FIG.39 (Below) POSSIBLE IMAGE OF THE SUPPORT STRUCTURE / GENERATIVE INFRASTRUCTURE. Before the reception of the built environment.


THE SHAPE ITSELF OF THE CITY OR THE SPACES WERE NOT THE MOST INTERESTING ISSUE, SINCE THE AIM WAS TO THINK ABOUT A CODE THAT COULD BE APPLIED EVERYWHERE, FOLLOWING A SERIES OF RESTRICTIONS AND GUIDELINES. LAYER PUBLIC AND PRIVATE

URBANISM UNIVERSITY OF BUENOS AIRES

LAYER CONNECTIONS

LAYER USES

LAYER DENSITY

FIG.40 (Above). MAPPING OF THE DIFFERENT LAYERS THAT CONSTITUTE THE PROPOSAL. Four main that generate a new type of urbanity: (1) Public-Private; (2) Connectivity and Flows; (3) Uses and programs; and (4) Population Density.

22


HOUSING DEFICIT JOSE C.PAZ

HOUSING DEFICIT JOSE C. PAZ ARCH. GARAY COURSE URBAN PLANNING 2014

DESCRIPTIVE MEMORY

SETTLEMENTS 01

THE IDEA WAS TO ANALYZE AND UNDERSTAND HOUSING CONDITIONS IN JOSE C. PAZ, A CITY OF ABOUT 230000 INHABITANTS LOCATED 40KM AWAY FROM THE CITY OF BUENOS AIRES IN NORTHWEST DIRECTION, APPLYING THE THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK DEVELOPED DURING THE TAKEN COURSE.

02

THE RESULT OF THE ANALYSIS SHOWED A COMPLETE DIFFERENT DYNAMIC: THERE WAS NO A REAL PROBLEM ABOUT THE AMOUNT OF HOUSES AVAILABLE (IN OTHER WORDS, THERE WAS NOT A DEFICIT IN THE HOUSING STOCK), THE POINT WAS THAT MOST OF THEM WERE NOT IN GOOD CONDITIONS (DEFICIT IN QUALITATIVE NOT QUANTITATIVE TERMS). BESIDES THIS, THE ENTIRE SURFACE OF THE CITY SHOWED AN INEFFICIENT OCCUPATION, MAKING THE GENERAL LIVING CONDITIONS OF THE INHABITANTS QUITE DEFICIENT.

23

GATED COMMUNITIES

PILAR (48)

PILAR (169)

(1) UNDEFINED (47) SETTLEMENTS

ALL THE TYPOLOGIES

M. ARGENTINAS (27)

M. ARGENTINAS (8)

(1) UNDEFINED (16) VILLAS (10) SETTLEMENTS

ALL THE TYPOLOGIES

01

JOSE C. PAZ (23)

02

(4) VILLAS (19) SETTLEMENTS

THROUGH THE USE OF DIFFERENT INDICATORS AND A DEEP RESEARCH, IT WAS POSSIBLE TO ESTABLISH RELATIONSHIPS AMONG THE ECONOMIC SITUATION, THE AMOUNT OF PEOPLE AND HOMES WITH UNSATISFIED BASIC NEEDS AND THE NUMBER OF VILLAS (CHARACTERISTIC ILLEGAL AND INFORMAL SETTLEMENT OF ARGENTINA) AND SETTLEMENTS. THE STARTING POINT WAS THE CONSIDERATION OR THE POST OF A HYPOTHESIS RELATED TO THE LACKING OF SUFFICIENT HOUSING FOR THE INHABITANTS OF THE AREA.

THE IDEA OF THIS RESEARCH WAS TO CHOSE A TOPIC TO BE ANALYZED (HOUSING), THEN TO IDENTIFY AN URBAN PROBLEM (HOUSING DEFICIT AND THE PRESENCE OF VILLAS AND SETTLEMENTS) AND FINALLY TO PRESENT A CASE (JOSE C. PAZ CITY).

03

01

FIG.41 (Above). NBI (UNSATISFIED BASIC NEEDS) CLASSIFICATION IN PERCENTAGES (% - 2010). Source: DPE - INDEC 2010. 110000

SIN NBI CON NBI

04

(6) VILLAS (12) SETTLEMENTS

SAN MIGUEL (14) ALL THE TYPOLOGIES

MORENO (49)

MORENO (23)

(1) UNDEFINED (1) VILLAS (47) SETTLEMENTS

ALL THE TYPOLOGIES

100000

SIN HACINAMIENTO

90000

90000

80000

80000

70000

CON HACINAMIENTO

60000

60000

50000

50000

40000

40000

30000

30000 20000

20000

10000

10000

0

03

SAN MIGUEL (18)

FIG.42 (Above). SETTLEMENTS AND GATED COMMUNITIES. Contrast among different cities, being Jose C. Paz the center of the analysis. Source: UN TECHO PARA MI PAÍS (Octubre 2011).

100000

70000

JOSE C. PAZ (20) ALL THE TYPOLOGIES

0 José C. Paz

San Miguel

Malvinas Argen�nas

Pilar

Moreno

José C. Paz San Miguel

Malvinas Argen�nas

Pilar

Moreno

FIG.43 (From Left to Right). HOUSING WITH UNSATISFIED BASIC NEED PER CITY AND CRITICAL OVERCROWDED DWELLINGS. Source: DPE - INDEC Censo Nacional de Población, Hogares y Viviendas 2010. Dirección Provincial de Estadística.


THE WORK WAS NOT JUST ABOUT THE DEVELOPMENT OF A DIAGNOSIS THROUGH THE USE OF DIFFERENT INDICATORS, BUT TO IDENTIFY PROBLEMATICS WHILE THINKING ABOUT POSSIBLE PROPOSALS THAT COULD LEAD TO AN IMPROVEMENT OF THE EXISTENT CONDITIONS.

URBANISM UNIVERSITY OF BUENOS AIRES

POPULATION GROWTH

POPULATION GROWTH IN SETTLEMENTS 25000

700000

50

20000

500000

17500

400000

15000

40

12500

300000

20

7500 5000

100000 1991

2001

2006

0

0 1981

CRITICAL AREAS (2001)

PILAR

NBI NBI NBI NBI NBI

1991

2001

2006

PAVED AREAS (2001) MINIMO 1 2 3 CRITICO

PILAR

MALVINAS ARGENTINAS

1991

2001

2006

2011

SPECIAL URBANIZATION AREAS

PILAR

PAVIMENTO. 30% GAS NATURAL. 40% CLOACAS. 1% AGUA CORRIENTE. 7%

FEDERAL HOUSING PLANS

VILLAS ASENTAMIENTOS COUNTRIES

MALVINAS ARGENTINAS

MALVINAS ARGENTINAS

MORENO SAN MIGUEL

MORENO SAN MIGUEL

MALVINAS ARGENTINAS

8

1 10

MORENO SAN MIGUEL

1.Bº CONCEJAL DE LEON 2.Bº RENE FAVALORO 3.Bº MARIO PANTALEO 4.Bº FONAVI 5.Bº M.T. DE CALCUTA 6.Bº CASITAS DE ALSINA 7.Bº LA PAZ 8.Bº FRINO 9.Bº CONCEJAL ALFONZO 10.Bº SAN ATILIO

PILAR

2

MORENO

JOSE C. PAZ MALVINAS ARGENTINAS

SAN MIGUEL MORENO

10

2500 1981

FIG.44 (Sequence above). GROWTH AND CHANGES DYNAMICS DURING THE PERIOD 1991-2011 (Consider the Crisis in 2001). FIG.45 (Sequence below) MAPPING OF RELEVANT DATA OF THE CITY OF JOSE C. PAZ TO UNDERSTAND HOUSING CONDITIONS AND NBI INDEX (Source: Own elaboration based on data found on different official reports).

30

10000

200000

0

60

22500

600000

INCREASE NUMBER OF SETTLEMENTS

5

3

4

6

7 9 SAN MIGUEL

24


SCALO FARINI RAIL YARD MILAN. 2017. Photo taken with CANON EOS 1100D


POLITECNICO DI MILANO

RESUME 03

ABOUT ME AND THE PORTFOLIO

URBANISM

05

ARCHITECTURAL PROJECTS UNIVERSITY OF BUENOS AIRES

CeMAA UNA

STER GRID

AZUL MUNICIPAL CENTER OF ARTS (2010 - 10.00/10.00) 07

BUILDING IN SAN TELMO (2011 - 10.00/10.00)

STA BUILDING FOR ARTISTS

POLITECNICO DI MILANO

SAN TELMO (2013 - 9.00/10.00)

NOVATE MILANESE (2016 - 30L) SCALO FARINI MILAN INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE WORKSHOP (2017 - 30)

WALLS and BALCONIES

09

IN-BETWEEN

11

URBAN KNITTING

MY MILAN (2017 - 30L)

MODENA (2017 - 30L) 2ND PRIZE URBAN PROMO GIOVANNI 2017 SHARING CITIES DISTRICT MILAN (2018 - 30L)

15

DESIMONE HOUSE

17

LEMHOFER HOUSE

URBANISM

BELLA VISTA OSAWA ARCHITECTS & ASSOC MORENO OWN PROJECT

LOS ROBLES HOUSE

UNIVERSITY OF BUENOS AIRES

CODECITY

29

GRADUATE PROJECTS

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (2012 - 10.00/10.00) ENERGY CONSUMPTION (2013 - 10.00/10.00)

27

ARCHITECTURE

UNIVERSITY OF BUENOS AIRES

EZEIZA HOUSE

25

31

ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH

PUERTO IBICUY

23

PILAR E-ARK ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN

37 39 41

ISLA MARTIN GARCIA (2013 - 10.00/10.00)

HOUSING DEFICIT

JOSÉ C. PAZ (2014 - 10.00/10.00)

19 21

ACKNOWLEDGMENT 43

26


S T E R

STER NOVATE MILANESE Prof. MARCO FACCHINETTI / Prof. MARIKA FIOR URBAN PLANS STUDIO 2016

IN ORDER TO MAKE THIS FORGOTTEN AREA A VIBRANT AND INTERESTING ONE, SEVERAL THEMATIC AREAS WERE DEFINED IN LINE WITH THE PROGRAMMATIC PROPOSAL : FOR EXAMPLE A BOTANICAL GARDEN AND A MUSEUM OF ECOLOGICAL SCIENCES.

DESCRIPTIVE MEMORY THE MAIN ISSUES CONSIDERED FOR THE PROPOSAL WERE RELATED TO THE FOLLOWING CONCEPTS: SUSTAINABILITY, TECHNOLOGY, EDUCATION AND RESEARCH (STER). AFTER AN EXTENSIVE SITE ANALYSIS, APART FROM DEVELOPING NEW CONNECTIONS IN ORDER TO PROPOSE A NEW PART OF THE CITY IN A CURRENT EXISTENT VOID (SURROUNDED BY A4 HIGHWAY AND THE RAILWAY), THE MAIN INTENTION WAS TO GENERATE A BALANCE BETWEEN EXISTING ACTIVITIES AND USES (ILLEGAL HARVEST) AND NEW INNOVATIVE PROGRAMS. THESE NEW PROGRAMS HAVE THE AIM OF ENHANCING THE URBAN SOCIO ECONOMICAL DYNAMISM OF THE AREA AND DEVELOPING A COHERENT PROJECT. THE MASTERPLAN PROPOSAL WAS MADE FOLLOWING THE CONSIDERATIONS ESTABLISHED BY THE MUNICIPALITY OF NOVATE MILANESE IN ITS PGT. RESPECTING THE REQUIREMENTS FOR PRIVATE AREAS, CIVIC EQUIPMENT LOCATIONS, COMPENSATION AND URBAN GREEN AREAS. AS PART OF THE ACTIVITY, AN ANALYSIS OF THE POSSIBLE ACTORS INVOLVED IN THE PROJECT AND COSTS WAS DEVELOPED, IN ORDER TO START UNDERSTANDING THE DYNAMICS AND FORCES INVOLVED FOR A REAL PROCESS OF TRANSFORMATION IN A GIVEN AREA OF THE CITY.

FIG.46 (Above). 3D VISUALIZATION OF THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT AN EXISTENT VOID BETWEEN THE MUNICIPALITIES OF NOVATE MILANESE AND QUARTO OGGIARO. FIG.47 (Right). SEQUENCE OF SCHEMES THAT EXPLAINS THE PROPOSAL. Main ideas, organization and accounting of square meters.

27


APART FROM A DEEP CONSIDERATION OF THE GREEN AREAS AND THE PRESENCE OF DIFFERENT TREE SPECIES (LOCATED IN THE CLOSING CORNER BETWEEN THE HIGHWAY AND THE RAILWAY) GREYWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS WERE PROPOSED , GROUNDED ON REFERENCES (HAMMARBY SJOSTAD IN STOCKHOLM). MAIN OBJECTIVES AND CONCEPT (SCHEMES AND IDEAS)

URBANISM POLITECNICO DI MILANO

MAIN STRATEGIES (SCHEMES AND IDEAS)

ACCESSIBILITY INFRASTRUCTURE (SCHEMES AND ORGANIZATION)

TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATION PROPOSED DISCRIMINATED (SCHEMES AND M2) USES SCIENCE BELT

17593 M2

SCIENCE BELT

4266 M2

PUBLIC AREA

TERTIARY AREA

CIVIC EQUIP.

VEHICLE CIRCULATION STRATEGIC CONNECTIONS (PROPOSED)

SOCIAL CONNECTOR

MAIN ROADS SECONDARY ROADS LOCAL ROADS

PUBLIC AREA

MIXED USE

10835 M2

RES - COMMER.

7931 M2

RESIDENTIAL CORE

17586 M2

RESIDENTIAL FRINGE

18359 M2

BUS STOP

GREEN AREAS GREEN BELT

12226 M2

GREEN BELT

18006 M2

GREEN BELT

8625 M2

LINE PARK

EXISTENT ACTIVITIES AND USES (IDENTITY OF THE AREA)

PEDESTRIAN PATHWAYS MAIN PATHWAY

TRANSITION BUFFERS

SECONDARY PATHWAYS BUS STOP

BOTANICAL GAR. COMMUNIT.

PUBLIC GREEN AREAS

18317 M2

RES. CORE

8368 M2

RES. FRINGE

1935 M2

RES. FRINGE

3523 M2

PRIVATE WITH PUBLIC USE PRIVATE WITH PUBLIC USE PRIVATE

PAVED AREAS NEW INNOVATIVE PROGRAMS (PROJECTUAL SUBSTANCE)

GREEN AREAS AND COMMUNITY GARDENS

BICYCLE PATHWAYS BICYCLE PATHWAYS BUS STOP

OPEN AREAS

51387 M2

OPEN AREAS

31125 M2

SOCIAL CONNECTOR

3942 M2

SQUARES AND SIDEWALKS STREETS

28


GRID SCALO FARINI - MIAW DESCRIPTIVE MEMORY

MILAN INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE WORKSHOP 2017 Visiting Professor Arch. LUIS BASABE MONTALVO - Tutor Arch. TALITA MEDINA PUBLISHED ON http://arenasbasabepalacios.com/blog/2017/03/06/scalo-farini-the-game/ http://www.miaw.polimi.it/2017/03/the-game-is-about-to-start-2/

THE NAME OF THE ACTIVITY WAS “WHO MAKES THE CITY?” THAT IS WHY THE FOCUS OF GRID WAS ON THE DECISIONS AND INTERACTIONS AMONG DIFFERENT DEVELOPERS, FOCUSING RATHER ON THE ACTIONS AND PROCESSES THAN ON THE FINAL OBJECT.

GRID GAME WAS RELATED TO A PROCESS OF URBAN TRANSFORMATION CONSIDERING EXISTING ELEMENTS OF THE URBAN TISSUE BUT ALSO THE SOCIAL, ECONOMICAL AND CULTURAL ASPECTS OF FARINI RAIL YARD IN MILAN. SEVERAL ANALYSIS WERE DONE, CONSIDERING THE WORKING SCALE (1.1000), TO FIGURE OUT CONDITIONS SUCH AS, THE LOCATION OF FARINI AREA WITHIN THE CITY, ITS HISTORY, PREVIOUS AND CURRENT FUNCTIONS. THE TERRITORY WAS SIMPLIFIED AND ORGANIZED IN GRIDS IN ORDER TO CONTROL THE DECISIONS OF THE PLAYERS, FOLLOWING THE SLOGAN OF THE PROJECT, LET’S SIMPLIFY! FOUR SYMBOLIC PLAYERS WERE PROPOSED: THE PUBLIC, DEVELOPER 1, DEVELOPER 2 AND THE INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPERS, EACH ONE WITH DIFFERENT ROLES, INTERESTS AND POSSIBILITIES. THE GAME WAS DEVELOPED IN DIFFERENT PHASES INDICATED BY THE DICE (LAND, VOTE, CARD AND BUILD), BEING THE VOTING ONE QUITE RELEVANT, SINCE IT IS LINKED WITH A PROCESS OF COORDINATION, COOPERATION AND DECISION MAKING WHERE ALL THE ACTORS OR PARTICIPANTS ARE INVOLVED. THE POSSIBILITY OF THE EXISTENCE OF HAZARDOUS EVENTS WAS CONTEMPLATED THROUGH THE INTRODUCTION OF THE EVENT LETTERS. THE FINAL RESULT IS A GAME BOARD WHERE THE INTERESTS OF THE PLAYERS ARE PLOTTED ON THE TERRITORY.

29

FIG.48 (Above). BOARD OF THE GAME WITH ITS MAIN COMPONENTS. The different cards, the proposed currency (named Farinis), the cube, the eraser that forms a set with the score block and the different tokens: representing the function of the buildings (colors) and the open spaces, together with the property assignment of the plots by each player (gray ones).


THE GAME THEMATIZES THE NEGOTIATION ITSELF, AND IS ABLE TO DESCRIBE VERY DIFFERENT REALITIES –VALUES, TOPOLOGIES, ACTORS, ACTIONS, CONTEXTS, ETC.- WITH DIFFERENT TOOLS WITHIN A SINGLE OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK.

URBANISM POLITECNICO DI MILANO

FIG.49 (Sequence above). CARDS OF THE GAME. Four different players are proposed and each one has specific cards that introduce events (positive or negative) that could guide the development of the entire game. The proposed players are (1) The Individual Developer, (2) Medium Scale Developer 1, (3) Medium Scale Developer 2 and (4) The Public. Each one has different interests and possibilities, starting from the initial assignment of money for buying land and allowances of uses.

30


“THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE INSIDE AND THE OUTSIDE IS REALLY IMPORTANT (...) NOT REPRODUCE BOUNDARIES, IT IS IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND HOW TO DIVIDE THINGS WITHOUT MAKING A WALL; HOW TO DEAL WITH PERMEABILITY”. KAZUYO SEJIMA SANAA.

WALLS-BALCONIES MY MILAN Prof. DARKO RADOVIC CONTEMPORARY CITY COURSE 2017

DESCRIPTIVE MEMORY

SITUATION 1

SITUATION 1

GRADE OF PERMEABILITY

THE IMAGES ARE PART OF AN INTERESTING PROJECT THAT STARTED WITH AN IDENTIFICATION OF SOMETHING (IT) THAT WAS INTERESTING OF THE CITY OF MILAN (AVOIDING THE USUAL CLICHE). THE PRESENCE OF UNUSED BALCONIES AND THE DUALITY WITH BARE WALLS WAS A RECURRENT CONDITION IN THE CITY. THE INDIVIDUAL OBJECTS (IT) AND THE RELATIONSHIP WITH THE SURROUNDINGS (W(IT)H) WERE THE BASIS FOR THE PROPOSALS. A CRUCIAL POINT WAS THE PRESENCE OF PEOPLE, THE USE AND THE SYMBOLIC MEANING OF THE OBJECTS INVOLVED; THAT IS WHY MOST OF THE PROPOSALS ARE BASED ON POP-UP INTERVENTIONS, WHERE THE PRESENCE OF EVENTS AND THE CONCEPT OF TEMPORALITY AND THE MOST IMPORTANT ISSUES.

10

0

10

0

10

GRADE OF BEAUTY

DOT STATIC OPEN SPACE

VAIL WALL

LINE LINEAR OPEN SPACE

CYCLORAMA BALCONIES

0

10

0

10

GRADE OF VITALITY 0

10

0

10

WALL BALCONIES

SITUATION 2

SITUATION 2 GRADE OF PERMEABILITY 0

10

0

10

GRADE OF VISIBILITY 0

10

0

10

GRADE OF BEAUTY

LINE LINEAR OPEN SPACE

CYCLORAMA BALCONIES

NUDE WALL

DOT STATIC OPEN SPACE

FIG.50 (Above). SKETCHES OF THE CHOSEN AREA IN PORTA TICINESE, MILAN. Classification of the findings and understanding of the relationships among: WALLS, BALCONIES AND STREET.

31

10

0

GRADE OF VISIBILITY

POP-UP IS NOT JUST A MEANS OF RECOVERY BUT A PROMISING MODEL OF PARTICIPATORY ORGANIZATION AS THE CITY MOVES FORWARD. PEOPLE HAVE THE POSSIBILITY TO RESHAPE THEIR OWN CITY, THEIR OWN MILAN. THE THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK IS NOT REPRODUCED IN THIS PORTFOLIO, BUT A DEEP ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT BIBLIOGRAPHIC SOURCES (DEBORD, DERRIDA, LEFEBVRE, BARTHES) WAS DEVELOPED IN ORDER TO UNDERSTAND WHAT DOES THE MENTIONED SYMBOLIC DIMENSION AND DUALITY MEAN AND IMPLY FOR THE CITY.

0

0

10

0

10

GRADE OF VITALITY 0

10

0

10

FIG.51 (Above). QUALITATIVE AND SUBJECTIVE ANALYSIS. From 0 (none) to 10 (high value).


“WE MUST CONSIDER NOT JUST THE CITY AS A THING IN ITSELF, BUT THE CITY BEING PERCEIVED BY ITS INHABITANTS.” – KEVIN LYNCH IN THE IMAGE OF THE CITY. “URBANITY IS A PHENOMENON WHICH CAUSES AND AT THE SAME TIME IS CAUSED BY DIALECTIC DIALOGUE BETWEEN PEOPLE”. -"THE GREATNESS OF SMALL" DARKO RADOVIC.

URBANISM POLITECNICO DI MILANO

SITUATION 1

SITUATION 2

LIMIT

???

BALCONY NOT SEEN

STREET LINEAR OPEN SPACE

LIMIT

???

BALCONY NOT SEEN

BALCONY TO SEE

STREET EVENTS

ACTIVITIES

BALCONY TO SEE

FIG.52 (Above). SKETCH OF THE POSSIBLE PROPOSAL FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE AREA. FIG.53 (Bellow). SECTIONS SHOWING THE CURRENT CONDITION AND A POSSIBLE INTERVENTION. SITUATION 1

WALL DENIED

VOID STATIC OPEN SPACE

WALL DENIED

NEW WAYS OF LIVING MATERIALS

GLASS CONTINUITY

NEW WAYS OF LIVING MATERIALS

SPACE PLACE

TO BE USED OR SEEN

GLASS CONTINUITY

FIG.54 (Above). SKETCH OF THE POSSIBLE PROPOSAL FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE AREA. FIG.55 (Bellow). SECTIONS SHOWING THE CURRENT CONDITION AND A POSSIBLE INTERVENTION. SITUATION 2

32


MODENA

IN-BETWEEN DESCRIPTIVE MEMORY “IN BETWEEN” WAS BORN AS THE GUIDING CONCEPT FOR ANALYZING AND GIVING ANSWER TO THE ACTUAL CONDITIONS AND DEFICIENCIES OF THE NORTH AREA OF MODENA. THE SEQUENCE OF HISTORICAL EVENTS, PLANS AND TRANSFORMATIONS PRODUCED A FRAGMENTED AREA WHERE THREE PROPOSED TYPES OF IN BETWEEN COULD BE RECOGNIZED.

INTEGRATING THE ISLAND LIMITED BY THE TWO STRONG BARRIERS WAS THE MAIN AIM, BEING DONE THROUGH THE USE OF THE 4 SPINES (LIKING IN NORTH-SOUTH SENSE); BUT IT WAS ALSO IMPORTANT TO GENERATE A DIALOGUE IN TRANSVERSAL WAY INSIDE THE ISLAND.

IN BETWEEN MODENA Prof. PATRIZIA GABELLINI / Prof. GIULIA FINI MASTER PLANS STUDIO 2017 INTERNATIONAL JURY AWARD SECOND PRIZE URBAN PROMO GIOVANNI 2017 PUBLISHED ON http://urbanpromo.it/2017-en/urbanpromogiovani/modena-in-between/ http://urbanpromo.it/2017-en/urban-promogiovani/the-winners-of-the-9th-edition/

URBAN CATALYSTS IN-BETWEEN

SPACES TO INTERVENE

FIG.56. CONCEPTUAL SCHEME. The areas to intervene generate a synergy among them, acting as urban catalyst.

TRANSITION

AREA

LINEAR

TRANSITION

TRANSITION

OBJECT

FIG.57. CLASSIFICATION OF IN-BETWEEN ELEMENTS. Identified in the territory and localized, they are the main areas to be intervened following the masterplan guidelines.

THE MASTER PLAN WAS BASED ON 2 STRATEGIES: (1) FOUR SPINES IN NORTH-SOUTH DIRECTION TO LINK THE AREA WITH ITS SURROUNDINGS AND OVERCOME THE MAIN BARRIERS AND (2) TWO SYSTEMS WERE PROPOSED GROUNDED ON THE CITY’S HISTORY AND THE AREA PRE-EXISTENCES TO CONNECT THE SCATTERED ELEMENTS: - A LOCAL SYSTEM TO REGENERATE AND LINK THE EXISTENT NEIGHBORHOODS THROUGH OPEN SPACES AND EQUIPMENT; -A PRODUCTION HERITAGE SYSTEM TO ATTRACT NEW INHABITANTS AND REVITALIZE THE LOCAL ECONOMY ON THE BASIS OF THE PROMOTION OF EVENTS, TOURISTIC CIRCUITS AND NEW CREATIVE-CRAFT PRODUCTIONS. THE OVERLAPPING OF THE THESE SYSTEMS DETERMINES THE MAIN TRANSFORMATION AND REGENERATION AREAS, LOCATED IN THE CENTRAL SPINE, GIVING ANSWER TO THE MAIN VOIDS AND INTERRUPTED PROJECTS. SEVERAL ON-SITE PROJECT PROPOSALS WERE DEFINED, WORKING ON THE OPEN SPACE AND FOCUSING ON TEMPORAL AND SMALL INTERVENTIONS.

33

FIG.58. IMAGE OF THE MASTERPLAN. Definition of the three spines (in red) and complementary areas (gradients of red), linking the in-between elements and overpassing the barriers (highway and railway). From right to left (1) Sports Spine, (2) Central Spine (with the main intervention areas), (3) Park Spine and (4) Border Spines.


THE LINK IN EAST-WEST DIRECTION IS DETERMINED BY 2 SYSTEMS: (1) ONE RELATED TO THE LOCAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE OTHER (2) TO THE PRODUCTIVE HERITAGE. THEIR OVERLAPPING DEFINES THE CENTRAL REGENERATION AREA (THE CENTRAL SPINE).

URBANISM POLITECNICO DI MILANO

STRATEGIC STATION

AREA.

TRAIN

PHASE 01. Development of Esselunga building (with parking area) and main pedestrian connection with the north.

STRATEGIC AREA.

PHASE 02. Improvement Porta Nord train station, Porta Nord parking (underground) and piazza. PHASE 03. Improvement train station and green corridor. Development of commercial buildings.

STRATEGIC AREA.

STRATEGIC AREA. AMPHITHEATER ROTORE PROPOSED DESIGN. CENTRAL SPINE

PHASE 01.

Train and highway limit parks (green corridors) Linear Park (following abandoned railways with new bicycle paths) Local Parks (different sizes meeting points for populations)

-

Ecological and small scale productive areas (urban gardens and cropping areas - flower gardens) Private open and green spaces (sports and internal courtyards). Other green elements (boulevards). CENTRAL CORRIDOR

FIG.59. ZOOM AND PROPOSED DESIGN OF THE CENTRAL SPINE. It links different kinds of open and green spaces with diverse activities, while generating a vertical connection between the train station and the part of the city that is beyond highway.

Improvement of Mercato building. New activities on Rotore. Development of main connection (north - south) PHASE 02. Private developments: residential areas and offices (with companies related to food production and technology). Dependence of the Municipality. PHASE 03. Green and productive areas. Daily care center and improvement of the existent park.

FIG.60. AXONOMETRIC DETAIL OF THE STRATEGIC AREAS AND THEIR PHASES OF DEVELOPMENT OVER TIME: (1) The train Station and (2) The Amphitheater Rotore.

34


Prof. E. MORELLO Prof. S. PAREGLIO ENERGY AND URBAN PLANNING STUDIO 2017

NORMALIZED DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX (NDVI)

URBAN KNITTING IS A CONCEPTUAL STRATEGY THAT AIMS TO CONNECT AND ENHANCE THE LOCAL POTENTIAL, WHILE BLURRING STRONG BOUNDARIES THAT CHARACTERIZE THE SOUTHEASTERN SECTOR OF MILAN. A DETAILED ANALYSIS OF THE SITE’S PROBLEMATICS AND POTENTIALITIES WAS MADE AND THE PROCESS WAS BASED ON 5 MAIN LAYERS: PEOPLE, MORPHOLOGY, ENVIRONMENT, MOBILITY AND ENERGY (GUIDING LAYER).

35

SECTOR B

MIN. COVERAGE (-0.058 - WATER)

HIGHEST TEMPERATURES

FIG.61 (Left). REMOTE SENSORING OF THE HIGHEST TEMPERATURES IN THE ENTIRE AREA OF MILAN. ATMOSPHERIC URBAN HEAT ISLAND (Source: Store Cloudeo, 7 LANDSAT SCENES). FIG.62 (Right). VEGETATION COVERAGE IN THE AREA. (Source: Own elaboration based on the spectral bands from LANDSAT 8).

LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE (LST) SECTOR A

SECTOR B

LOWEST TEMPERATURES (27.08ºC)

EMISSIVITY

MOREOVER, TWO CRITICAL INTERVENTION AREAS WERE DEFINED: SCALO DI PORTA ROMANA AND VAIANO VALLE. THUS, A SET OF ECO-ACTIONS WERE DEVELOPED, WITH THE AIM OF CREATING SUSTAINABLE TRANSITION AREAS. THE RESULT IS A NEW INTEGRATED NETWORK, THAT RE-USES THE EXISTING POTENTIAL IN INNOVATIVE WAYS IN ORDER TO TRANSFORM THIS PART OF THE CITY INTO A SMART, SHARING, AND SUSTAINABLE AREA.

SECTOR A

TARGET AREA

PERFECT EMISSOR (1)

THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF THE PROPOSAL RESULTED IN A COMBINATION OF KEY ELEMENTS. FIRST, A GROUP OF STRATEGIC SITES IN NEED OF INTERVENTION; SECOND, A SET OF KEY POTENTIALITIES TO BE CONSIDERED; AND FINALLY, THE DEVELOPMENT OF THREE THEMATIC THREADS (BUFFER THREAD, SOCIO-CULTURAL THREAD AND RECREATION & ENVIRONMENT THREAD).

MAX. COVERAGE (0.543)

URBAN HEAT ISLAND (UHI)

SECTOR A

SECTOR B

HIGHEST TEMPERATURES (37.59ºC)

DESCRIPTIVE MEMORY

URBAN KNITTING MILAN LOWEST TEMPERATURES

Linking points, weaving paths, building a network

PERFECT REFLECTOR (0)

Urban Knitting

THE PROJECT WAS ORGANIZED IN 4 STEPS, EACH ONE WHICH INVOLVED AN EXTENSIVE WORK. (1) THE RESEARCH PHASE, WITH A SITE VISIT AND SWOT ANALYSIS THROUGH THE 5 PROPOSED LAYERS; (2) THE CONCEPT PLAN DEVELOPMENT, COMPOSED BY A SYNTHESIS

FIG.63 (Left). EMISSIVITY MAP BASED ON A LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION. Identification of four types of areas and the association with their corresponding emissivity values: Water (0.98) Built up (0.94) Vegetation (0.98) Bare soil (0.93). FIG.62 (Right). SURFACE URBAN HEAT ISLAND. Considering the emissivity map and the thermal band 10 (Source: Own elaboration based on the spectral bands from LANDSAT 8).


THE TODAY SCENARIOS, SET OF A TOMORROW MASTERPLAN AND THE SELECTION OF THE STRATEGIC AREAS; (3) THE MASTERPLAN, THROUGH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ECO-ACTIONS; AND (4) THE INDICATORS, TO ASSESS THE CHANGES, COMPLEMENTED WITH A FINAL TIMELINE.

URBANISM POLITECNICO DI MILANO

CONCEPT MAPS (SCHEMES AND STRATEGIES)

INTERVENTION SAMPLE: SECTOR A SCALO PORTA ROMANA

INTERVENTION SAMPLE: SECTOR B VAIANO VALLE-NOSEDO

BUFFER THREAD SOCIO-CULTURAL THREAD RECREATION & ENVIRONMENT THREAD

N

STRATEGIC INTERVENTION SECTOR FIG.65 (Above). MASTERPLAN PROPOSAL. OVERLAPPING OF MAIN STRATEGIES AND ECO-ACTIONS. Location of the Intervention areas: (1) SECTOR A SCALO PORTA ROMANA and (2) SECTOR B VAIANO VALLE-NOSEDO.

ECOACTIONS (LAYERS)

LOCAL POTENTIALITIES (ELEMENTS, POINTS)

ENERGY RELATED ECO-ACTIONS. MAIN ISSUE.

MAIN THEMATIC THREADS (LINKERS)

ENVIRONMENTALLY RELATED ECO-ACTIONS.

KEY INTERVENTIONS AND REQUALIFICATION AREAS (NEW TISSUE)

PEOPLE, MORPHOLOGY AND MOBILITY RELATED ECO ACTIONS.

FIG.66 (Sequences above). SCHEMES THAT EXPLAIN THE CONCEPT (base for the understanding of the Masterplan) and LOCALIZE IN THE TERRITORY THE DIFFERENT ECO-ACTIONS (Energy, Environment, People, Morphology and Mobility).

36


THESE DRAWINGS CORRESPOND TO THE SECOND SECTION OF THE PROJECT: THE CONCEPT PLAN DEVELOPMENT. SINCE THE ENERGY PROBLEMATIC WAS THE CENTER OF THE COURSE, IT IS PLOTTED HERE, BUT THIS WAS REPRODUCED FOR ALL LAYERS.

Urban Knitting

Linking points, weaving paths, building a network

CO2 EMISSIONS REDUCE

APARTMENT BUILDINGS (+ RETROFIT)

INCREASE GREEN COVERAGE, PRIORITIZE PEDESTRIAN MOBILITY (IMPROVING THE CONNECTIVITY AND THE AMOUNT OF SERVICES)

IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT, REDUCE THE ENERGY FOR HEATING AND ENHANCE THE USE OF LOW ENERGY CONSUMPTION APPLIANCES

ENERGY CYCLES CLOSE FIND NEW WAY OF PRODUCING ENERGY FROM RENEWABLE RESOURCES. INSTALL PV PANELS IN THE HIGHWAY AND ENHANCE THE USE OF PANEL ON ROOFTOPS.

NEW ENERGY PRODUCE SMART GRID AND ENERGY COMMUNITIES. PROSUMERS. EXTEND DISTRICT HEATING NET.

ENERGY POLICIES

ENERGY GENERATION

ENERGY CONSUMPTION REDUCE

ANAEROBIC DIGESTER (EDUCATIONAL)

CO-GENERATION PLANT TECNOVALORE LEONI

(POTENTIAL ENERGY SOURCES)

ENERGY COMMUNITIES SANTA GIULIA

FAMAGOSTA

CO-GENERATION PLANT

CO-GENERATION AND GEOTHERMAL PLANT

ENERGY EDUCATION ENERGY COMMUNITIES

ENERGY GENERATION SEASONAL STORAGE (UNDERGROUND)

ENERGY POLICIES COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS (HIGH ENERGY CONSUMPTION)

ENERGY EDUCATION ENERGY COMMUNITIES

ANAEROBIC DIGESTER (EDUCATIONAL) RECYCLING CENTER (POSSIBLE ENERGY GENERATION)

FIG.67 (Above).TOMORROW SCENARIO. ENERGY CONSIDERATION AND GENERAL STRATEGIES. Extend Heating District Network in order to provide the neighborhood with warm water for heating purposes. Install solar panels where possible and feasible and generate a feedback with the electric lines.

37

ENERGY COMMUNITIES

CASCINA VAIANO VALLE EDUCATIONAL TRAINEE CENTER FOR SUSTAINABLE LIFESTYLE

DISTRICT HEATING NET WITH FLUCTUATING TEMPERATURE

RES (POTENTIAL ENERGY SOURCES)

SUPPLY TEMPERATURE 70ยบC - 6ยบC RETURN TEMPERATURE 40ยบC - 3ยบC

FIG.68 (Above). CYCLE OF GENERATION AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION. Generate and efficient network under the concept of PROSUMPTION (prosumers).


A CATALOGUE OF STRATEGIES (FOR EACH TOPIC) WAS PROPOSED IN THE THIRD PART OF THE PROJECT: THE MASTERPLAN. IT IS LINKED WITH A CATALOGUE OF MEASURES PROPOSED DURING THE COURSE (WHERE DIFFERENT ECO-ACTIONS WERE DESCRIBED).

URBANISM POLITECNICO DI MILANO

A+

A+

A+ BATTERY STORAGE

AC/DC INVERTER

SMART LIGHTING

BUILDINGS RETROFITTING

ENERGY COMMUNITIES

EFFICIENT HEATING AND INSULATION

PV / THERMAL PANELS

51.8%

ACTORS INVOLVED

80%

DECREASE OF EMISSIONS LIGHTING ON DEMAND

UP TO

SAME SYSTEM

EFFICIENT PUBLIC LIGHTING

COMUNE DI MILANO

UP TO

UTILITY METER

ELECTRIC PANEL

735

M.TONS

DECREASE GLOBAL EMISSIONS P/YEAR SOLAR STREET LIGHTS

DECREASE IN ENERGY CONSUMPTION

UP TO

70%

DECREASE IN ENERGY CONSUMPTION WITH LIGHTING ON DEMAND

UP TO

52%

DECREASE IN ENERGY CONSUMPTION WITH SOLAR STREET LIGHTS

FIG.69 (Above). CATALOGUE ENERGY STRATEGIES. Related to Smart Lighting and Efficient Public lighting. Main improvements in numbers.

G 258 Kwh/ B/C 43 Kwh/ m2/year m2/year THERMAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION ORIGINAL CONDITION

THERMAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION STANDARD RETROFIT

1ST FOCUS ON PUBLIC BUILDINGS (MODELS)

3250

Kwh/ Household /Year

ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION ORIGINAL CONDITION

2ND PRIVATE CONDOMINIUMS (CONDOMINIUM 2.0)

1950

Kwh/ Household /Year

ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION FUTURE SCENARIO

FIG.70 (Above). CATALOGUE ENERGY STRATEGIES. Related to Building retrofitting, efficient heating and insulation.

UP TO

28%

DECREASE CARBON FOOTPRINT SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM

33.55 TONS/YEAR

DECREASE EMISSIONS PV PANELS

ROOF SURFACE

PANELS COVERAGE

ENERGY PRODUCED

M2

UNITS

KWH/M

ENERGY CONSUMED

COVERED SUPPLY

AMOUNT OF FAMILIES

KWH/M

FAMILIES

P/BUILDING

595 360 2094 270

8

30

FIG.71 (Above). CATALOGUE ENERGY STRATEGIES. Related to Energy communities, Energy production through Renewable Sources (RES).

38


Urban Knitting

Linking points, weaving paths, building a network

THE FIGURATIVE PART OF THE MASTERPLAN WAS JUST A WAY OF REPRESENTING A POSSIBLE APPLICATION OF THE GUIDELINES DETERMINED BY THE CONCEPT PLAN AND THE ECO-ACTIONS, MAKING POSSIBLE THE ASSESSMENT OF THE CHANGES THROUGH THE USE OF DIFFERENT INDICATORS.

FIG.72 (Above). AXONOMETRIC SKETCH SECTOR B. TOMORROW SCENARIO OF VAIANO VALLE - NOSEDO AREA (with phases of development). Meeting point of the Socio Cultural Thread (red) and the Environment & Recreation Thread (Blue).

39


N

SCALO ROGOREDO (CONNECTION)

01

LINK CASCINA MOBILE (LOCAL LEVEL)

AREAS DESTINED FOR THE STOPS OF THE PROPOSED URBAN SERVICE.

03

02

CIVIC AXE

(LOCAL LEVEL)

EXISTENT SOCIAL FACILITIES TO BE ENHANCED FOR SOCIAL INCLUSION.

01 03

09

TRANSFORMATION AREA (CITY LEVEL)

SCALO ROGOREDO. IMPORTANT FUTURE CONNECTION FOR THE AREA.

F.PRADA - SYMBIOSIS AXE (CONNECTION)

04

07

06

AXONOMETRIC DETAIL 02

CULTURE AND HERITAGE (CITY LEVEL)

PGT. RE-QUALIFICATION AND NEW CULTURAL USES. CASCINAS. 05

05

URBANISM POLITECNICO DI MILANO

SPORTS FACILITIES (CITY LEVEL)

PGT. ENHANCE, IMPROVEMENT AND ADDITION OF SPORTS FACILITIES.

04 01

06

01

BOSCHETTO

07

11

ROGOREDO STATION (CITY LEVEL)

NEW CONNECTION WITH THE STATION. CRUCIAL FOR THE AREA.

08

RIPAMONTI NEIGHBORHOOD (CONNECTION)

(LOCAL LEVEL)

IMPROVE QUALITY, ADD EQUIPMENT AND CONNECTIONS.

(PROTECTED AREA)

12

PARCO CASSINIS

08

PRODUCE AND RECYCLE (CITY LEVEL)

PGT. LIVE + WORK TYPOLOGIES. LINK EXISTENT RECYCLING CENTER.

10 09

NEW SUB-CENTRALITY (CITY LEVEL)

PORTO DI MARE (M3 STATION). IMPROVE ACCESSIBILITY. 10

PARCO VETTABIA (LOCAL LEVEL)

IMPROVE QUALITY, ADD EQUIPMENT AND CONNECTIONS. 11

SECTOR B

NOSEDO WATER-PLANT (CITY LEVEL)

EDUCATIONAL. MUSEUM AND TRAINEE CENTER (GENERAL AIM).

PERI-URBAN PARKS (Limit non-urbanized) PRODUCTIVE LAND (Related with crafts) CROPPING AREAS (Preserve soil) OTHER GREEN ELEMENTS

URBAN PARKS (Increase permeable surfaces) SPORT FACILITIES (Enhance existent uses) MOBILITY BOULEVARD (Transport + Bike paths)

12

CHIARAVALLE ABBEY (CONNECTION)

CULTURAL SUSTAINABLE TRAINEE CENTER CASCINA VAIANO VALLE. RE-QUALIFICATION AND INCLUSION OF NEW USES. NEW CONNECTIONS.

13 13

CHIARAVALLE ABBEY (CITY LEVEL)

FIG.73 (Left). MASTERPLAN DESIGN SECTOR B VAIANO VALLE - NOSEDO. New green surfaces, Reorganization of transitional areas (give new uses and ENHANCE existent ones).

40


FUTURE KINDERGARTEN IN JOSE C. PAZ OSAWA ARCHITECTS METROPOLITAN AREA OF BUENOS AIRES. 2014. Photo taken with CANON EOS 1100D


GRADUATE PROJECTS

RESUME 03

ABOUT ME AND THE PORTFOLIO

URBANISM

05

ARCHITECTURAL PROJECTS UNIVERSITY OF BUENOS AIRES

CeMAA UNA

STER GRID

AZUL MUNICIPAL CENTER OF ARTS (2010 - 10.00/10.00) 07

BUILDING IN SAN TELMO (2011 - 10.00/10.00)

STA BUILDING FOR ARTISTS

POLITECNICO DI MILANO

SAN TELMO (2013 - 9.00/10.00)

NOVATE MILANESE (2016 - 30L) SCALO FARINI MILAN INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE WORKSHOP (2017 - 30)

WALLS and BALCONIES

09

IN-BETWEEN

11

URBAN KNITTING

MY MILAN (2017 - 30L)

MODENA (2017 - 30L) 2ND PRIZE URBAN PROMO GIOVANNI 2017 SHARING CITIES DISTRICT MILAN (2018 - 30L)

15

DESIMONE HOUSE

17

LEMHOFER HOUSE

URBANISM

BELLA VISTA OSAWA ARCHITECTS & ASSOC MORENO OWN PROJECT

LOS ROBLES HOUSE

UNIVERSITY OF BUENOS AIRES

CODECITY

29

GRADUATE PROJECTS

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (2012 - 10.00/10.00) ENERGY CONSUMPTION (2013 - 10.00/10.00)

27

ARCHITECTURE

UNIVERSITY OF BUENOS AIRES

EZEIZA HOUSE

25

31

ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH

PUERTO IBICUY

23

PILAR E-ARK ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN

37 39 41

ISLA MARTIN GARCIA (2013 - 10.00/10.00)

HOUSING DEFICIT

JOSÉ C. PAZ (2014 - 10.00/10.00)

19 21

ACKNOWLEDGMENT 43

42


DESIMONE HOUSE OSAWA ARCHITECTS

DESIMONE HOUSE BELLA VISTA HOUSE IN CONSTRUCTION OSAWA ARCHITECTS & ASSOC 2014

THIS PROJECT, DESPITE THE SIMPLICITY IMPLIED A LOT OF WORK, SINCE THERE WERE SEVEN PROPOSALS MADE TO THE CLIENT BEFORE ARRIVING TO THE FINAL ONE. THE MAIN REASON OD THE CHANGES WERE DUE TO THE FLUCTUATING ECONOMIC CONDITIONS.

DESCRIPTIVE MEMORY INDIVIDUAL HOUSE LOCATED IN THE METROPOLITAN AREA OF BUENOS AIRES, SPECIFICALLY IN A CITY CALLED BELLA VISTA. THE MAIN REQUIREMENT BY THE CLIENT WAS TO DESIGN A SIMPLE AND ECONOMIC HOUSE, IN ORDER TO BUILD IT AS SOON AS POSSIBLE AND WITH THE POSSIBILITY TO DEVELOP IT IN STEPS. THAT IS WHY TO SEPARATED VOLUMES WERE PROPOSED, THE MAIN HOUSE AND A BARBECUE AREA WITH A COMPLEMENTARY BEDROOM, SMALL KITCHEN AND BATHROOM. IT WAS CRUCIAL TO KEEP A CLOSE CONNECTION WITH THE POOL AND THE GARDEN, IN THE SAME WAY ORIENTATIONS WERE CRUCIAL. BOTH VOLUMES WERE DEVELOPED IN ONE FLOOR, COVERING THE HOUSE 68.38M2 MEANWHILE THE BARBECUE AREA A COVERED SURFACE OF 17.86M2 AND SEMI-COVERED OF 41.59M2 (THIS AREA IS NORMALLY KNOWN AS “PARRILLA” IN SPANISH). THE CHOSEN MATERIALS WERE CEMENT PLASTER IN A LIGHT COLOR, WOOD SUITABLE FOR EXTERIORS BOTH IN WALLS AND SUNGLASSES, AND GLASS. ONLY A FEW BUT WITH INTERESTING DIMENSIONS WINDOWS WERE PROPOSED IN ORDER TO MAKE THE INTERIORS THE MORE BRIGHT POSSIBLE. AFTER THE PRESENTATION OF THIS PROPOSAL MANY CHANGES WERE CONSIDERED TO ADJUST TO THE CLIENT'S REQUIREMENTS. FIG.74 (Above). SCHEMATIC RENDERING OF THE ENTIRE PROJECT (ONE OF THE FIRST PROPOSALS). This included not only the house but also a semi-covered area for barbecues, with a small bedroom area and bathroom, in close relationship with the pool and the park of the house (searching for the best orientation and lighting conditions).

43


THE DOCUMENTATION PROVIDED TO THE CUSTOMER WAS COMPLEMENTED WITH A COMPUTE OF DETAILED MATERIALS AND THEIR CORRESPONDING BUDGET. INDICATING WORK STAGES AND ESTIMATED TIMES. THE CONSTRUCTION ADDRESS WAS IN CHARGE OF THE STAFF OF OSAWA ARCHITECTS.

ARCHITECTURE GRADUATE PROJECTS

NORTH WEST FACADE

SOUTH WEST FACADE

SOUTH EAST FACADE

NORTH EAST FACADE

FIG.75 (Above). LONG FACADES PROPOSALS WITH MATERIALS. NORTH WEST AND SOUTH EAST FACADES. The main idea was to keep the volume as simple as possible, without using many materials and keeping them in their purest condition.

FIG.76 (Above). SHORT FACADES PROPOSALS WITH MATERIALS. SOUTH WEST AND NORTH EAST. Same logic and materials, adapted to different orientations.

44


LEMHOFER HOUSE ANTONELA SBORLINI

LEMHOFER HOUSE MORENO PROJECT REMODELING EXISTING INDIVIDUAL HOUSE 2016

THIS WAS A PARTICULARLY INTERESTING PROJECT FOR ME, SINCE I WAS CONTACTED AS A SINGLE PROFESSIONAL, WITHOUT ANY ARCHITECTURAL STUDIO BEHIND, VISITING THE PLACE, TALKING TO THE CLIENT AND DESIGNING.

DESCRIPTIVE MEMORY REMODELING AND ENLARGEMENT OF AN EXISTING HOUSE LOCATED IN MORENO, METROPOLITAN AREA OF BUENOS AIRES. THE MAIN ISSUE OF THE EXISTENT HOUSE WAS THE LACKING OF NATURAL LIGHTING (EVEN IN LIVING AREAS, BEING THIS AGAINST THE BUILDING REGULATIONS), TOGETHER WITH THE LACK OF PROPER AND COMFORTABLE SPACES - IN FACT ONE OF THE THREE INHABITANTS OF THE HOUSE USED TO SLEEP IN THE LIVING ROOM. THE PROPOSAL WAS DEVELOPED LEAVING THE GROUND FLOOR SURFACE WITHOUT ANY CHANGES (88.97M2), MEANWHILE TRYING TO KEEP AT MINIMUM THE DEMOLITION OF WALLS (PAYING SPECIAL ATTENTION TO THE STRUCTURAL CONDITIONS OF THE HOUSE). THE CONCEPT OF THIS LEVEL WAS THE ACHIEVEMENT OF AN OPEN AND FLUID SPACE, COMPLEMENTED BY THE ADDITION OF A NEW FLOOR OF 48.57M2. WHERE POSSIBLE BIGGER AND NEW WINDOWS WERE PROPOSED. THE FACADES WERE TREATED IN THE SIMPLEST WAY POSSIBLE, TO REDUCE CONSTRUCTION COSTS, AND TO MAINTAIN THE EXISTENT APPEARANCE (SINCE THE FACADE ON THE STREET HAD BEEN RECENTLY IMPROVED). THE ADDITION OF THE NEW FLOOR WAS DESIGNED IN A MODERN VOLUMETRIC WAY, BUT TRYING NOT TO GENERATE A BIG CONTRAST. FIG.77 (Above). SCHEMATIC INTERIOR RENDER OF THE PROPOSED OPEN ORGANIZATION OF THE HOUSE. The idea was to make the existent house the most luminous possible and adding a first floor, to increase the surface and have the possibility to live in a more comfortable way.

45


AFTER THE PRELIMINARY PRESENTATION, HAVING DEVELOPED THE CURRENT PROPOSAL AND AN APPROXIMATE BUDGET, UNFORTUNATELY, DUE TO ECONOMIC REASONS, THE CLIENT DECIDED NOT TO CONTINUE WITH THE IDEA OF IMPROVING HER HOUSE.

ARCHITECTURE GRADUATE PROJECTS

EXISTENT GROUND FLOOR CURRENT CONDITION

PROJECT GROUND FLOOR MINIMUM MODIFICATIONS

COVERED AREA

COVERED AREA

88.97M2

88.97M2

SEMI-COVERED

SEMI-COVERED

2.72M2

2.72M2

GROUND FLOOR MODIFICATIONS ELEMENTS TO DEMOLISH AND BUILD

PROJECT FIRST FLOOR MAXIMUM SIMPLICITY COVERED AREA

NEW ELEMENTS

48.57M2

TO DEMOLISH

SEMI-COVERED 3.80M2

FIG.78 (Above). GROUND FLOOR PLANS, SHOWING THE EXISTENT CONDITION (On top) and THE ELEMENTS TO BE DEMOLISHED AND BUILT (Below).

FIG.79 (Above). DESIGN OF THE HOUSE. GROUND FLOOR LEVEL AND FIRST FLOOR. Proposing an open and simple design.

FIG.80 (Above). FACADE TO THE STREET (On top) and FACADE TO THE INTERIOR GARDEN. Maintain the original appearance.

46


LOS ROBLES HOUSE E-ARK ARCHITECTURE

LOS ROBLES HOUSE PILAR HOUSE IN CONSTRUCTION E-ARK ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN 2016

THIS WAS ALSO A QUITE COMPLEX PROJECT, NOT FROM THE PROJECTUAL, MORPHOLOGICAL OR PROGRAMMATIC POINT OF VIEW, BUT FROM THE ONE OF THE RELATIONSHIP WITH THE CLIENTS. IT INVOLVED SEVERAL MEETINGS AND CHANGES (ALL OFF THEM KEEPING THE

DESCRIPTIVE MEMORY INDIVIDUAL HOUSE DEVELOPED IN TWO FLOORS, LOCATED IN A GATED COMMUNITY IN THE NORTH WEST PART OF THE METROPOLITAN REGION OF BUENOS AIRES, IN A CITY NAMED PILAR (CHARACTERIZED BY THE HUGE PRESENT OF GATED COMMUNITIES, AS IT CAN BE SEEN IN THE RESEARCH PROJECT NAMED HOUSING DEFICIT JOSE C. PAZ). THE MAIN IDEA OF THE AESTHETICS OF THE HOUSE WAS TO KEEP IT IN LINE WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE NEIGHBORHOOD (TRYING TO MERGE IT WITH THE INTENTIONS AND DESIRES OF THE CLIENTS): SIMPLE VOLUMETRIC UNITS, OCHER COLORS AND STRICT RESTRICTIONS ABOUT THE FOOTPRINT DUE TO THE IRREGULARITY OF THE PLOT. THE VOLUME THAT HOSTS THE STAIRS IS THE MAIN ARTICULATOR OF ALL THE OTHERS, GENERATING A COMPACT FORM. IT IS A HOUSE DEVELOPED IN TWO FLOORS WITH A TOTAL SURFACE OF 150.16M2, THAT HAS THREE BEDROOMS, THREE BATHROOMS (ONE OF THEM IN DIRECT CONNECTION TO THE OUTSIDE, THE POOL AND THE SEMI-COVERED AREA) AND THE KITCHEN-LIVING ROOM DEVELOPING A SPATIAL CONTINUITY. THERE IS ALSO AN UNCOVERED AREA (JUST WITH A WOODEN PERGOLA) FOR THE CAR.

FIG.81 (Above). AXONOMETRIC SCHEME OF ONE OF THE FIRST PROPOSALS. A simple project developed in two floors, with a simple and volumetric aesthetic, which was in line with the aesthetic parameters of the medium class gated community where it was to be built.

47


PROPOSAL MORE OR LESS IN THE SAME LINE) BUT GENERATING A DEVELOPMENT OF ABOUT TEN VARIATIONS AND DELAYS. FORTUNATELY, BY MID OF 2016, THE HOUSE STARTED TO BE BUILT, INSIDE A GATED NEIGHBORHOOD (BUT STILL WITH ONGOING CHANGES).

ARCHITECTURE GRADUATE PROJECTS

SOUTH EAST FACADE

ROOFS PLAN

NORTH WEST FACADE

GROUND FLOOR PLAN AND SURROUNDINGS

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

TRANSVERSAL SECTION B-B

FIG.82 (Above). SOME OF THE TECHNICAL DRAWINGS THAT WERE DEVELOPED FOR THE PRELIMINARY PRESENTATION TO THE MUNICIPALITY FOR HAVING THE FINAL APPROVAL BEFORE BUILDING. It is possible to identify that the final project followed in a quite close way the initial proposals, considering the volumetric aspect and the simplicity mainly (The shadows were added for the motives of this portfolio).

48


AVENIDA PAOLISTA SAN PABLO. 2015. Photo taken with CANON EOS 1100D


ACKNOWLEDGMENT

CeMAA

STER

Figure 01. Proposal for the Masterplan in collaboration with Arch. Clivio Josefina (FADU/UBA). Figure 03. Own elaboration. The model that is part of the image was made also in collaboration with the Ach. Clivio Josefina (FADU/UBA).

Team work developed with Arch. Valverde Bagnarello Ariela (Costa Rica), Arch. Eltokhy Sara (Egypt) and Bsc. Planner Errera Efrem (Italy). Figure 47. Joint development by all the members of the group, both in the approach and in the execution.

UNA

GRID

The project and design were developed in collaboration with the Arch. Skulj Nicolas (FADU/UBA), since it was a group undergraduate project. Figures 11/12/13. Sketches made in collaboration with the Arch. Skulj Nicolas (FADU/UBA).

Team work developed with Arch. Beingolea Carla (Peru), Arch. Torres Sally (Peru), Khalili Romina (Iran), Mitra Debakshi (India), Nahavandy Niyayesh (Iran), Xin Tang (China) and Xin Wang (China). Figures 48/49. Board, Cards and general rules of the game were developed and executed by an collaborative way by all the members of the team.

STA Figures 15/17/19/21. Renders were developed in collaboration with the Arch. Piccini Ignacio (FADU/UBA). The Logo of the project was developed and designed by Saia Leonardo, and Lapelosa Florencia collaborated with the photographies of the model.

PUERTO IBICUY Project and research developed together with the Arch. Piccini Ignacio, Arch. Charo Juan, Arch. Muzzo Federico, Arch. Ludovico Gaston and Arch. Zitelli Florencia (FADU/UBA). Figure 29. Was produced in collaboration with the Arch. Piccini Ignacio (FADU/UBA).

WALLS BALCONIES Individual project and design, but the main idea was developed in collaboration with Bsc. Planner Scarnera Francesco (Italy).

IN BETWEEN Team work developed with Arch. Bobic Snezana (Serbia), Arch. Francisco Zesyl (Philippines) and Arch. El Ghoul Bilal (Lebanon).

EZEIZA HOUSE

URBAN KNITTING

Project and research developed together with the Arch. Ludovico Gaston and Arch. Zitelli Florencia (FADU/UBA). The analyzed house was a project developed by the Arch. Ludovico Gaston (FADU/UBA), a house for his parents, that at the moment of the research was being built.

Team work developed with Arch. Valverde Bagnarello Ariela (Costa Rica), Arch. Beingolea Carla (Peru) and Arch. Torres Sally (Peru). Figures 65/66 (Concept maps sequence). Developed in collaboration with the Arch. Valverde Bagnarello Ariela (Costa Rica). Figures 72. Axonometric image developed in collaboration with the Arch. Beingolea Carla (Peru).

CODECITY Team work developed with Arch. Skulj Nicolas, Arch. Capuzzi Jeanette and Arch. Sevilla Daniel (FADU/UBA). Figures 38/39. Developed in collaboration with the Arch. Skulj Nicholas.

NOTE. Figures and Projects present in the portfolio with no specific notes in this section are own elaborated.

50


SBORLINI ANTONELA ESTEFANIA ARCHITECT FADU/UBA URBANISM STUDENT POLIMI

IMAGE FRONT AND BACK COVERS: COLLAGE MADE FOR THE STA PROJECT IN 2013. BLURRING LIMITS BETWEEN PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SPACES.


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