ILLUMINATION – CRITERIA AND STANDARDS OF ILLUMINATION RESIDENTIAL ILLUMINATION •ANWESHA DUTTA •27802317012 •4 TH YEAR , 7 TH SEM •R.R.S.A.
INTRODUCTIO N: The basic requirement for any lighting design is to determine the amount of light that should be provided . for this a survey of a lighting problem is necessary prior to actual calculations in order to dertermine the the best possible lighting system . a survey usually includes :
1 .THE DIMENSION OF A ROOM , AREA, OBTAINED FROM THE OF THE PLAN.
2 . THE ROOM CAVITY DATA : THAT INCLUDES THE TOTAL WALL AND FLOOR AREA AND ALSO THE HEIGHT WIDTH AND LENGHTH OF THE ROOM
3 . SELECTION OF MOST SUITABLE LIGHT SOURE
4 . NUMBER AND SIZE OF LAMPS AND FIXTURES
5 . LUMENS / LAMPS
6 . CAVITY RATIO
• The cavity ratio basically determines the shape factor of a room in accordance with the lighting system , thus determining the position of lights in a room : • The following formulas determines the cavity ratio of a room I . 5H (L+W) / (L xW) II .2.5 X WALL AREA / FLOOR AREA WHERE L IS THE LENGTH , W = WIDTH , H = HEIGHT OF THE ROOM . THE PICTURE REPRESENTS THE ROOM CAVITY DATA : USED FOR SURVEY
RESIDENTIAL LIGHTING
• Properly designed lighting is one of the greatest comforts that an owner can enjoy . the light has certain features that can be used to change the mood and the room orientation . • There are four layers of light typically used in residential lighting: general (also called ambient) lighting, task lighting, accent lighting, and decorative lighting. Combining and balancing these lighting types gives visual interest to the space and creates a more attractive, exiting and inviting environment.
ENTRY HALL - Entry lighting covers the entire foyer area and should be carefully planned since this is where the guests gets first impression. - Illumination levels vary greatly at this level .
- Flush mount lights are always a good choice for hallway lighting, and there are plenty of stylish and functional options that would work equally well in a hallway and seating area. Pendant lights are a great choice for a transition area or hallway between two living spaces. - The first step is usually a centrally located ceiling mounted fixture . This fixture may be recessive but is generally effective when mounted or suspended from the ceiling .Entry planters or other supplementary area are accessed with supplementary lighting . Recessed downlights and wall washers are veery effective for accent lighting .
LIVING ROOM
- Living room emphasizes mainly on social dramatic features such as fire places ( specially in colder climatic region ) , bookcases , painting etc . - Dramatizing these spaces with accent lights brings out the texture of the room .
- Use 75 –150 WATTS LAMPS IN WALL WASH TYPE FIXTURE.DIMMERS can also be added for attaining the relaxed mood - The STAIR WAY FROM LIVING ROOM SHOULD HAVE 50- 100 LUX of light intensity depending on its width . - The downlights lights positioned for living room should be atleast 2.5 - 3 FEET APART FROM THE CEILING AND 8 – 10 INCHES FROM THE WALL . - UPLIGHTS that reflects off ceilling should be provided for general lighting , PULLDOWN FIXTURES or TABLE LAMPS are provided in
DINNING AND KITCHEN
• RECESSED OR TRACK , MONORAIL LIGHTING are perfect in most dining rooms. Monorail, recessed, and track lighting allow you to feature certain architectural elements of your space as well as bring focus to your art work. • The DINNING ROOM SHOULD HAVE 150 LUX of light intensity . • A CHANDELIER above the dinning table for general illumination becomes the center piece of the room . • Glare is a common problem that kills ambiance in many dining rooms. Often times a simple adjustment of the fixture will do the trick. Most glare issues stem from the aim of the bulb. If you have recessed lighting, another solution is to change the trim to a raised or adjustable one, concealing the bulb a little more, and decreasing the glare. Thus installing a DIMMER helps in solving this issue.
- Kitchen is the basic and most used work area of any home and carefully planned lighting should be made to make day to day house hold chores easier . - When it comes to installing PENDANTS, as a general rule of thumb, a set of two pendant lights installed over a kitchen island should be at LEAST 30 INCHES FROM THE CENTER OF THE ISLAND AND HAVE 30-32 INCHES BETWEEN THE COUNTERTOP AND THE BOTTOM OF THE PENDANT. - LUMINIOUS CEILING provide best skylight effect and therefore acts as the most iseful working lights . - The KITCHEN SHOULD HAVE 300- 750 LUX of light intensity . - LED strips can be used cast a beam of light onto a surface that is brightest and most concentrated at the center of the beam and less bright on the edges. This is suitable to countertops made of butcher block, stone, or another material with a flat or matte finish .
- Kitchen work can be made much easier if there is supplementary lighting for certain tasks . AMBIENT LIGHTING is soft overhead light that illuminates the floor and walls so you can easily enter, exit, and navigate the kitchen.TASK LIGHTING is brighter to illuminate countertops, islands, sinks, and other work areas for increased precision during food prep, cooking, and cleaning.ACCENT LIGHTING, in between ambient and task lighting in brightness, highlights architectural features or decor in the kitchen, such as a coffered ceiling or a collection of fine china.A layered approach incorporating all three types brings the right level of lighting for the various uses of a kitchen. It also helps minimize shadows, which often result from the exclusive
BATHROOM
• Lighting performs a wide variety of specific tasks in bathroom . For good grooming the vanity should be lighted to remove alll the shadows from face MIRRIOR LIGHTS gives the best effect for that. • The best place for SCONCES in a small bathroom is on either side of the mirror or sink. By placing sconces on the sides, you can have the best cross illumination for shaving or applying makeup. You can even mount recessed lights on either side of the sink for the same effect. • Over a vanity table downlights could be used for concentrated lighting . • The bathroom lights requires as much as general lighting as other rooms. • Bathroom should have atleast 300 LUX OF LIGHT INTENSITY.
BEDROOM AND STUDY ROOM
• Bedroom lighting should create a peaceful, relaxing atmosphere using soft, flattering ambient light while providing bright spots in the places where they are needed. When developing your bedroom lighting design, first consider the size and ceiling height of room. • In terms of artificial lighting, ambient light is best achieved with CEILING FIXTURES (LIKE FLUSH MOUNT CEILING LIGHTS, CHANDELIERS, PENDANT LIGHTS, ETC.) or through portable, like floor lamps. Both lighting types will offer a sufficient amount of lighting for activities that don't require bright, focused light
• CENTRAL ROOM lightning will give an equal amount of light to all corners of the room specially for the dressing room and for cleaning purpose . • Bedroom should have 50 LUX OF LIGHT INTENSITY. • Bedroom closets , as well as other closets should have RECESSED LIGHTING FIXTURES USING 60 – 100 WATT LAMPS . • It is also good to provide switches that have glowing handles when you have lamp on this prevents leaving the closet lights burning accidentally . • Focused task lighting need not be confined to the traditional desk task light. Consider bedside table lamps, low hanging pendants on either side of the bed, sconces, wall mounted task lights on either side of a headboard or other directional lighting placed above it.
• Natural lighting is the best type of light for your study room – and it's free! Natural light has a positive impact on your mood, and especially on your eyes. It helps minimize the stress on your eyes while reading or writing. If you have a window in your room or dorm, try to position your desk near it. • Use a 60 TO 80-WATT LIGHT BULB FOR DETAIL ORIENTED TASKS. Avoid cool FLUORESCENT BULBS that emit harsh lighting that can strain your eyes and make you feel tired. Opt for warm halogen bulbs that are close to natural daylight and place less strain on your eyes. • For study purposes, it is recommended we use light bulbs with colour temperature ranging from 4000K TO 6500K. THESE ARE DESCRIBED AS DAYLIGHT AND COOL WHITE. Another factor to consider while choosing new study lighting is a method called “light layering”.
OUTDOOR LIGHTING
• ENTRY PORCH : • Outdoor wall bracket fixture around the door usually has post of low level lights along walkway. • UPLIGHTS AND WARM LIIGHTS could be used for lighting . • Pair of outdoor wall bracket fixture, ceiling pendant fixture or a recessed fixture at front and recessed doors are common. • BALCONY : • a bulb string is right what you need to create a romantic atmosphere. • a bulb string or severla ones will light up your balcony in the best way , bulb strings on the railing for a tiny balcony. • string lights is the most popular and budgetfriendly idea you can find , hang string lights over the balcony to make it illuminated.
BALCONY LIGHTS
GARDEN LIGHTS Types of Light fixtures that could be used for garden lights are - low voltage (12V U.S.) - modest location adjustments • path lights • area lights • uplights (directional, spot, and flood lights)stake mount • wall lights surface mount.
• tree-mount lights - down lights • deck lights - surface mount • well lights - mounted below grade • hardscape lightsintegrated into walls. • step lights - recessed into catherine risers • rope lighting - fiber optics • Path and step lights are best around 100 lumens, flood and motion sensor lights 700 lumens, underwater lights 200-400 lumens, wall lights 50-185 lumens, and general landscape lights 50-300 lumens
OTHER LIGHTINGS INCLUDED ARE : GARAGE LIGHTS , ENTRY GATE LIGHTS AND LIGHTS USED FOR DECORATIVE PURPOSE . THE LIST GIVEN SHOWCASES ALL THE LIGHTING FIXTURES :
THANK YOU