Krishi Sanvardhan Kendra_Design Dissertation_2021-22 by aoa_confluence_2022

APPROVAL

CERTIFICATE

The following Under-Grad Design Dissertation Study is hereby approved as satisfactory work on the approved subject carried out and presented in a manner sufficiently satisfactory to warrant its acceptance as a pre-requisite and partial fulfillment of requirement to the 5th Year Sem IX of Bachelor Of Architecture Degree for which it has been submitted. This is to certify that this student Ankit Ashok Gaikwad is a bonafide Final Year student of our institute and has completed this Design Dissertation under the guidance of the Guide as undersigned, adhering to the norms of the Mumbai University & our Institute Thesis Committee. It is understood that by this approval and certification the Institute and the Thesis Guide do not necessarily endorse or approve any statement made, opinion expressed or conclusions drawn therein; but approves the study only for the purpose for which it has been submitted and satisfied the requirements laid down by our Thesis Committee.

Name of the Student: Ankit Ashok Gaikwad

Date:

Monday 22nd Nov’ 2021.

Approved By

Principal Ar. Prof. Suresh Singh

College Seal

Thesis Guide Ar. Prof. Rajratna Jadhav

Certified Seal

Certified By

Examined By

External Examiner-1

External Examiner-2

DECLARATION I hereby declare that this written submission entitled ‘KRISHI SANVARDHAN KENDRA : Marking the Farmer ’s identity in an industrialized area’ represents my ideas in my own words and has not been taken from the work of others (as from books, articles, essays, dissertations, other media and online); and where others’ ideas or words have been included, I have adequately cited and referenced the original sources. Direct quotations from books, journal articles, internet sources, other texts, or any other source whatsoever are acknowledged and the source cited are identified in the dissertation references. No material other than that cited and listed has been used. I have read and know the meaning of plagiarism* and I understand that plagiarism, collusion, and copying are grave and serious offences in the university and accept the consequences should I engage in plagiarism, collusion or copying. I also declare that I have adhered to all principles of academic honesty and integrity and have not misrepresented or fabricated or falsified any idea/data/fact source in my submission. This work, or any part of it, has not been previously submitted by me or any other person for assessment on this or any other course of study.

Signature of the Student: Name of the Student: Ankit Ashok Gaikwad Exam Roll No: 13 Date: 22/11/2021

Place: Mumbai

*The following defines plagiarism: “Plagiarism” occurs when a student misrepresents, as his/her own work, the work, written or otherwise, of any other person (including another student) or of any institution. Examples of forms of plagiarism include:  the verbatim (word for word) copying of another’s work without appropriate and correctly presented acknowledgement;  the close paraphrasing of another’s work by simply changing a few words or altering the order of presentation, without appropriate and correctly presented acknowledgement;  unacknowledged quotation of phrases from another’s work;  the deliberate and detailed presentation of another’s concept as one’s own.  “Another’s work” covers all material, including, for example, written work, diagrams, designs, charts, photographs, musical compositions and pictures, from all sources, including, for example, journals, books, dissertations and essays and online resources.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In the beginning, I would say thanks to my supervisor Ar. Prof. Rajratna Jadhav to guide me well and for his marvelous supervision, guidance and encouragement throughout the research work. A very sincere gratitude is extended to him for understanding the roller coaster pace in the research because of certain restrictions to resources due to the pandemic. Their immense experience and knowledge into the subject has given me utmost inspiration in research writing. I am also pleased to say thank you to Prof. Kuntewad of G.M. Vedak High School, Tala, for sharing their deep knowledge on the topic without any hesitation . It wouldn’t have been possible to conduct this research without their precious support. I shall not forget to mention Adv. Uttam Jadhav, Mr. Anant More, and Mr. Dhanraj Gaikwad for taking out time from their occupied schedule and assisting me with all the queries I raised towards them. Many thanks to my friends and acquaintances for the encouragement and support throughout the process. Last but not least, my warm and heartfelt thanks go to my family . I consider myself nothing without them. They gave me enough moral support, encouragement and hope to accomplish the personal goals. Thank You all!

कृषी संवर्धन केंद्र : Marking the Farmer’s Identity in an industrialised area By Ankit Ashok Gaikwad

Contents 1.

Introduction 1.1 Backgound

…

Maharashtra and Raigad

…

Concerns

…

… … …

24 25 31

…

… … … … … …

33 34 35 36 37 38

6. Case Studies

…

7. Program Curation

…

… … …

48 52 54

8. List of Figures

…

9.Bibliography

…

3.1 Revolt against DMIC 4. Purpose of the Research 4.1 Aims and Objectives 4.2 Survey Method 4.3 SWOT analysis 5. Context Study 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6

Roha Taluka (Phase 1) Mangaon (Phase 2) Tala (Phase 3) Comparative Analysis Interview Method Miscellanous

7.1 Site Analysis 7.2 Area Statement 7.3 Design Objective

Fig 01 – watercolour Portrait of an indian farmer (anonymous artist)

Abstract :

Fig 02 - Industrialization effect on farmers (illustration) (anonymous artist)

The DMIC (Delhi – Mumbai Industrial Corridor) project was launched in pursuance of an MOU signed between the Government of India and the Government of Japan in December 2006. "The project aims to create a business model out of urbanization and the trunk infrastructure would help in land monetization and undertaking-specific greenfield and brownfield industrial and physical infrastructure projects. While the corridor stretches from Dadri to the JNPT near Mumbai, It engages six more states in it namely, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Maharashtra. In Maharashtra, an additional elongation of the corridor has been decided, and to connect the JNPT and the Dighi Port from the Raigad district was the new plan. Because of this unexpected alteration in the project, the state government started acquiring land of the people from the district on very short notice. These resulted in the protest against the project as the people

were unaware of the purpose for the land acquisition, their unassured Rehabilitation and were also unsatisfied about the compensation promised for their land. Many farmlands and undocumented lands of the Adivasis were also illegally acquired by the land agents even before the project was announced to the common people.

Raigad is in very close proximity to Mumbai and Navi Mumbai and also because of the smooth connectivity through both roadways and waterways, the district has been always under rapid urbanization and several infrastructural developments. These have been a threat to the farming sector, and the agricultural graph is seen to be continuously falling over the years. With the

industrialization and enhancement of the corporate sector because of the DMIC, the leftover agricultural land would undoubtedly be abandoned and people will have no option to leave farming and move towards the private sector. There needs to be a platform established for the farming community and the youth to be emphasized the scope in the field to give them enough reason to direct and advance their skills in the agriculture sector. Hence, educating and empowering not only the farmer’s group but also the new generation is necessary to sustain farming for a longer run and balance the agriculture and the industrial sector after completion of the DMIC project by the year 2035. A farmers’ training institute where advanced farming methods and modern strategies for better yield is proposed in the research. It will be assisted with tourist facilities to promote the fundamental program and also the context of the selected site highly demands the assisted program. The large emphasis of the program is to work for the beneficiaries of the affected villages by the DMIC and to provide employment opportunities through farming as a medium. Hence, promoting FPO (Farmer producer organization) will also look upon the outsourcing of the produce and can become a reliable solution in the initial building phase of the project.

Fig 03 google sourced Photograph 4

Industries Curse or Boon? :

The development of science and technology has resulted in the growth and spread of heavy Industries in India. Human progress nowadays is measured in terms of industrial potentialities and prosperity.

But, unfortunately, we have not yet realized the evils of industrialization due to unplanned growth in our time. The ecological imbalances and greenhouse effects have posed a serious threat to humankind and its survival is questioned. The research attempts to critically lense the effects of post-industrial development in agriculture-oriented villages and its impact on the daily lives of the people and intends to find the best solution for better sustainability.

01 Introduction to DMIC The DMIC project was launched in pursuance of an MOU signed between the Government of India and the Government of Japan in December 2006. DMIC Development Corporation (DMICDC) incorporated in 2008, is the implementing agency for the project. It aims to create an area with a cluster of manufacturing or another industry.

About DMIC : Background : National Industrial Corridor Development Programme is India's most ambitious infrastructure programme aiming to develop new industrial cities as "Smart Cities" and converging next generation technologies across infrastructure sectors.

Govt. of India is developing various Industrial Corridor Projects as part of National Industrial Corridor programme which is aimed at development of futuristic industrial cities in India which can compete with the best manufacturing and investment destinations in the world. The same will create employment opportunities and economic growth leading to overall socio-economic development.

Fig 04 - National Industrial Corridor Programme (Source : NICDC)

While developing the Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) project, Western DFC has been considered as the transportation backbone while Eastern DFC has been considered as the backbone for Amritsar Kolkata Industrial Corridor (AKIC) project. For other industrial corridor projects like Chennai Bengaluru Industrial Corridor (CBIC) and Bengaluru Mumbai Industrial Corridor (BMIC), NH-4 has been considered as the backbone. For East Coast Economic Corridor (ECEC), NH-5 which is part of the Golden Quadrilateral, the Kolkata–Chennai rail route has been considered as the transport backbone. The proposed North-South East-West and East Coast

Dedicated Freight Corridors will further supplement the existing transportation backbone for the corresponding Industrial Corridors.

About DMIC : Background :

In pursuance of an MOU signed between the Government of India and the Government of Japan during the Hon’ble Prime Minister’s visit to Tokyo in December 2006 to promote investments and explore opportunities for mutual cooperation, Government of India accorded ‘in principle’ approval to the project outline of Delhi - Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) Project in August 2007. The DMIC is proposed to be developed on either side along the alignment of the 1483 km long Western Dedicated Rail Freight Corridor between Dadri (UP) and Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPT), Navi Mumbai. The project seeks to create a strong economic base with a globally competitive environment and state-of-the-art infrastructure to activate local commerce, enhance investments and attain sustainable development.

A model Industrial Corridor of international standards is proposed to be developed with emphasis on expanding the manufacturing and services base and creating a “Global Manufacturing and Trading Hub”. The DMIC runs across the six States of Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat and Maharashtra and majority of projects in DMIC are envisaged to be implemented through Public Private Partnership.

Fig 5 - DMIC graphical Illustration (Source : DMIC official website) 8

About DMIC : Contribution of DMIC states:

Fig 06 Contribution Of DMIC states 9

About DMIC : Contribution of DMIC states:

Fig 07 - Graphical Representation of DMIC’s Economic Contribution

About DMIC : Proposed Development :

It is expected to double the employment opportunities, triple the output for the industries concerned with its development and increase the exports four times in a span of five years. Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor Development Corporation will be in charge of the construction of the corridor.

Key points of the Projects :

• 90 - 100 Billion Dollar Investment • MOM (Memorandum of Understanding India Japan -2008 • 1483 km stretch • 200 sq. km allotted for Investment sector • 24 Investment and Industrial sectors are focused • 100 sq. km for Industrial sector Investment Regions: : o Dadri-Noida- Ghaziabad Region in Uttar Pradesh as General Manufacturing Investment Region o Manesar-Bawal Region in Haryana as Auto Component/ Automobile Investment Region;

o Kushkhera-Bhiwadi-Neemrana Region in Rajasthan as General Manufacturing/ Automobile/ Auto Component Investment Region; o Bharuch-Dahej* Region in Gujarat as Petroleum, Chemical and Petro-Chemical Investment Region (PCPIR) o Igatpuri-Nashik-Sinnar* Region in Maharashtra as General Manufacturing Investment Region; o Pitampura-Dhar-Mhow in Madhya Pradesh as General Manufacturing Investment Region.

About DMIC : Proposed Development :

Industrial Areas:

Investment Regions:

o Rewari-Hissar Industrial Area

o Kundli – Sonepat Investment Region

o Rajsamand-Bhilwara Industrial Area

o Ajmer-Kishangarh Investment Region

o Pali-Marwar Industrial Area

o Bharuch-Dahej Investment Region

o Surat-Navsari Industrial Area

o Dhule-Nardhana Investment Region

o Valsad-Umbergaon Industrial Area

o Ratlam-Nagda Investment Region

o Pune-Khed Industrial Area o Shajhapur-Dewas Industrial Area Initially, the following eight investment regions/industrial areas have been taken up for development as Industrial Cities: o Ahmedabad-Dholera Investment Region, Gujarat o Shendra-Bidkin Industrial Park city near Aurangabad, Maharashtra o Manesar-Bawal Investment Region, Haryana o Khushkhera-Bhiwadi-Neemrana Investment Region, Rajasthan o Pithampur-Dhar-Mhow Investment Region, Madhya Pradesh o Dadri-Noida-Ghaziabad Investment Region, Uttar Pradesh and o Dighi Port Industrial Area, Maharashtra o Jodhpur-Pali-Marwar Industrial Area, Rajasthan Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor Development Corporation (DMICDC) Limited, a special purpose company, was incorporated to establish, promote and facilitate development of Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor Project. Further, after announcement of other Industrial Corridor Projects, the mandate of DMICDC Ltd. has been expanded to develop and implement all Industrial Corridor Projects in the country and accordingly, the name has been changed to National Industrial Corridor Development Corporation (NICDC) Limited. NICDC is mandated to undertake project development activities for Investment Regions / Industrial Areas / Economic Regions / Industrial Nodes and Townships / Integrated Manufacturing Clusters / Stand Alone Projects / Early Bird Projects for various Industrial Corridor Projects and also assists various State Governments. 12

02 Maharashtra and Raigad

About DMIC : Maharashtra :

Shendra – Bidkin IA

Dighi Port Industrial IA

Fig 08 - IA in Maharashtra under DMIC 14

About DMIC : Maharashtra :

In alignment

Maharashtra, DFC

passes

the

through

Dahanu Road, Virar, Vasai Road, Diva and terminates at the Jawaharlal Nehru Port in Navi Mumbai, with about 18% of area of the state within the influence area of DMIC. • Based on the strengths of specific regions in the influence area, four development nodes have been identified in the influence area of DMIC. These include two investment regions Fig 10 - Key Projects in Maharashtra

and two industrial areas.

Fig 11 - Connectivity through DMIC

• Fig 09 - Dmic, Maharashtra, Impact and Influence

KEY PROJECTS : • 2 Investment region • 2 major Industrial area • Dighi Port Industrial area

• 3New Smart city • Aurangabad Smart City 40 sq km

Proposed project components in each of the nodes are discussed briefly hereafter:

o Node No.17: Dhule-Nardhana Investment Region o Node No.18: Igatpuri-Nashik-Sinnar Investment Region o Node No.19: Pune-Khed Industrial Area o Node No.20: Industrial Area with Greenfield Port at Dighi

The Raigad district is located on western side of Maharashtra State in Konkan Division. Arabian Sea is spread along the west side and Sahyadri Hills towards the east. Thane, Pune, Satara and Ratnagiri are the border districts. North West is Thane crick. The District is spread 160 km north-west and 25 to 50 km east-west. Geographical area of the district is 7,162 sq km and is 2.32 % of the total area of state. Raigad district has 240 km clean and beautiful sea shore. There are fifteen Talukas namely; Alibag, Pen, Panvel, Karjat, Uran, Khalapur, Roha, Sudhagad (Pali), Mangaon, Murud, Mhasala, Shrivardhan and Poladpur in Raigad District. Alibag is the head quarter which is historical

capital city of Sarkhel Kahnoji Angre. As per 2011 census the population of district is 26,34,200 which includes 12, 89,855 females and 13,44,345 males. Literacy percentage is in males is 89.10% and

Fig 12 - Raigad District Map

females is 76.90% averaging 83.10% of the Agro Climatic Conditions :

district

The soil of the district is of deep loamy at sea shore and river basin, lateritic on hill tops, saline at sea shore, medium in paddy cropped area, shallow in forest. Around 30,000 ha land is saline due to inundation of sea water and is becoming uncultivable. Raigad was supposed to be Rice Boul. Around 60-70% of cultivable land is under paddy crop. Though paddy is cultivated all over the district, Nachani and Vari are grown in Roha, Mahad and Poladpur Talukas. In

saline and sandy soils around sea shore coconut and arecanut plantation crops are grown. Ratambi alias Kokam is also planted in some parts of the district. Mango, cashew, jack fruit are also grown. 17

Raigad :

Fig 13 - Dighi Port IA Land use map

Fig 14 - Dighi Port IA illustrated satellite image 18

03 Concerns Farmers in Maharashtra to go on an indefinite fast to protest land acquisition 19

Fig 15 - graphic (Author)

Raigad :

Fig 16 - Farmer’s protest against DMIC in Raigad

Revolt against DMIC : Around 1,000 farmers from Mangaon in Raigad district decided to hold an indefinite ‘dharna’ at the local sub-division office against the acquisition of 67,500 acres from 78 villages in that area. Leading civil rights activist Ulka Mahajan lead the farmers against the DMIC project. Mahajan is a veteran of many protests, and was also responsible for the cancellation of the Mukesh Ambani-promoted 10,000-hectare Maha Mumbai Special Economic Zone.

Hurried move Mahajan told Business Line that the State Government, under the Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC) Act, has issued land acquisition notices to about 15,000 families “which will destroy them and make them 100 per cent landless. The notice effectively ensures that farmers cannot buy or sell land to a third party. They can only sell the land to MIDC,” she said. MIDC is the lead project manager for the DMIC project. “I find similarities in the land acquisition process for MIDC and Maha Mumbai SEZ. The

SEZ developers never explained to the farmers the exact reason for acquiring such a huge tract of land. Same is the case with MIDC,” Mahajan said. She alleged that though the MIDC has asked for a no-objection certificate from the panchayat members, the land acquisition was being done very hurriedly.

Allegations Further alleging that the State Government officials were resorting to the MIDC Act for

acquiring the land, and that they were not waiting for the new land acquisition Bill to the passed by Parliament, Mahajan said the detailed project report and environment impact analysis was not shared with farmers. Amitabh Kant, CEO and Managing Director, Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor Development Corporation Ltd denied that land acquisition was being done using the MIDC land acquisition Act. He told Business Line that in most cases, land was being bought through negotiations. Bhushan Gagrani, CEO of MIDC, said that initial measurement of land and meeting with villagers was underway. In the first phase, 5,000 acres from less than 12 villages would be acquired. “I am aware that our acquisition process will face some amount of opposition, but we will still try to convince the people,” he said. 22

04 Purpose of the Research

Aims and Objectives : Aim : To access the effects of the proposed Delhi- Mumbai Industrial corridor in the agriculture-aligned villages of Raigad district and understanding the potential of primary occupations in the industrial province. The research also intends to extract the suitable cohesive extremity of the industrial-agriculture sectors.

Objectives : Following research objectives would facilitate the achievement of this aim: 1.

To examine the typical working pattern of the villages in the industrial prone talukas

To study the notable events in the past and the response of the people towards it.

To understand the socio-economic trend of the villages so far and predict the future behavior after the emergence of the Delhi Mumbai corridor.

To find the balance between agriculture and the industrial sector and introduce a program that will neutralize both the systems.

To find a solution to industrial pollution and work out the waste management system.

Raigad: Survey Method : Total of 78 affected farmers from Roha, Mangaon and Tala taluka were asked certain questions to know their opinions about the corridor and to understand what are their actual

desires. Certain questions emphasized onto psychological behaviour and their regular routine to extract out the current circumstance of people of the affected villages. Hence, even if the question seems irrelevant, but it might would help to indirectly cater to target on the program development. Following graphs shows responses of the people on this questions.

प्रश्न- आपणास DMIC प्रकल्पा बद्दल माहिती आिे का?

३. आपण सामाहिक संघटनांचे आदे श पाळता का?

संघनात्मक समस्या – ४. सामाहिक संघटन समस्ा सोडवण्यात उपयुक्त ठरे ल असे आपणास वाटते का?

१. रायगड हिल्ह्यातील समाि संघटीत आिे असे आपणास वाटते का?

२. रायगड हिल्ह्यातील समस्ांना संघटीतपणाचा अभाव आपणास कारण वाटते का?

५. DMIC या प्रकल्पामु ळे एकसंघ समािाचे हवघटन िोईल असे आपणास वाटते का?

Raigad: Survey Method :

वैचारिक समस्या-– १. वैज्ञाहनक दृष्टीकोन आपण अं हगकराता का?

४. हशक्षणाचे सामाहिक हवकासातील मित्त्व िाणता का?

२. इिवादी िीवनास आपण मित्त्व दे ता का?

५. कौटुं हबक स्तरावर वैचाररक बांहर्लकीला आपण मित्त्व दे ता का?

३. मू लतत्ववादी हवचार आपणास मान्य आिे का?

१. रायगड हिल्ह्यात सामाहिक भेदभाव हकंवा हवषमता आपणास िाणवते का

Raigad: Survey Method : 1. सामाहिक स्तरीकरण आहथधक समस्ांना कारणीभूत वाटते का?

. उद्योगर्ं द्यांची हनहमध ती स्थलांतरास पायबंद घालू शकेल का?

2. DMIC प्रकल्प रोिगार उपलब्ध करून दे ऊ शकेल का?

6. परप्रांतीयानमु ळे स्थाहनक रोिगारावर प्रभाव पडतो आिे का?

3. रािकीय ने तृत्व आपल्या समस्ा िाणते का?

7. रािकीय पक्षांना स्थाहनक समस्ांची िाणीव आिे का?

4. स्थाहनक ने तृत्व आपल्या समस्ा सोडवते का?

8. रािकीयदृष्ट्या लोक िागरूक आिे त असे आपणास वाटते का?

Raigad: Survey Method :

Internal lacking in unity : As the problem of caste and religion is a hindrance all over the

country, Raigad doesn’t stay back with this issue also withholding differences within their territorial community (gavki, bhavki) and social and economical divergences. 2.

Lacking in Awareness : The district over the years has become self sufficient enough to

manage and run a system within. And it has also been sourcing essentials from Mumbai as it is well connected with it through railways and roadways. Hence the people are satisfied with whatever they obtain through a simple system and therefore do not wish to risk for the progressive change in their system. 3.

Common People’s leader : Although the district has given two chief ministers to the state

and also India’s first governor Mr. C.D. Deshmukh belonged to the district. And

Datta Patil,

Prabhakar Patil, Jayant Patil, Sunil Tatkare are all sons of this

land. Lately, the district seems to produce a leader who can look into the roots and the smallest the regions. The large political parties and the independent working groups in small villages behave to be unaware of each other’s working status.

Swot Analysis Strengths :

• • • • • • • • • •

Raigad District is located near to Mumbai, where the agricultural produce can be transported overnight from all corners of the district. The Raigad-Mumbai track is getting converted into a major urban centre of the state where the demand for Agricultural Produce, Milk and Milk Products, Processed Foods, Fishery Produce etc. is constantly increasing. Raigad is very well connected with other major cities like Mumbai, Pune, Delhi, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Chennai, Bangalore, Nagpur by roads, railway, air route (via Mumbai) and JNPT port. The district has a diversified agro-climatic condition which is suitable for a wide range of agricultural as well as horticultural crops. Natural resources such as soil, water are favorable for Agriculture as well as Horticulture. Hardworking farming community which is responsive to extension efforts and eager to adopt modern agricultural technology. Crop loans are available from co-operative as well as nationalized banks. Banking infrastructure is fairly good, 318 branches out of which 178 are cooperative. Availability of inputs like seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, cattle feed and veterinary services in the rural part of the district. Farmers Organizations like Krishi Vigyan Mandals various commodity groups are supportive for agricultural extension work and related activities. Good network of roads connecting Taluka and District.

Weakness :

• • • • • • • • • • • • •

Raigad District is located near to Mumbai, where the agricultural produce can be transported overnight from all corners of the district. The Raigad-Mumbai track is getting converted into a major urban centre of the state where the demand for Agricultural Produce, Milk and Milk Products, Processed Foods, Fishery Produce etc. is constantly increasing. Raigad is very well connected with other major cities like Mumbai, Pune, Delhi, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Chennai, Bangalore, Nagpur by roads, railway, air route (via Mumbai) and JNPT port. The district has a diversified agro-climatic condition which is suitable for a wide range of agricultural as well as horticultural crops. Natural resources such as soil, water are favorable for Agriculture as well as Horticulture. Hardworking farming community which is responsive to extension efforts and eager to adopt modern agricultural technology. Crop loans are available from co-operative as well as nationalized banks. Banking infrastructure is fairly good, 318 branches out of which 178 are cooperative. Availability of inputs like seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, cattle feed and veterinary services in the rural part of the district. Farmers Organizations like Krishi Vigyan Mandals various commodity groups are supportive for agricultural extension work and related activities. State, District and Block level exhibitions are organized by State and Zilla parishad agriculture and allied department in Raigad which proved to be a knowledge and information source for farmers in the district. Good network of roads connecting Taluka and District. Agriculture College and University Research Centres, which help in disseminating, improved Agriculture Technology for farmers and improve crop production. Soil testing and water facility available at Raigad.

Swot Analysis Opportunities :

• • • • • • • • • • • • •

There is tremendous scope for the growth of Horticulture, Floriculture, Animal Husbandry, Dairy, Poultry, Apiculture, etc. There is also good scope for development of agro-tourism in and around Raigad as well as Raigad district as a whole. There is scope for establishing private market, contract farming, cold chain, cooperative marketing- farmer to consumer market. Large area of cultivable wasteland can be converted to cultivated land. There is scope for agro processing industries at a great extent. There is a scope for growth of dairy and milk processing industry. Good scope for the development of inland fisheries 1055 ha. Water spread area is suitable for inland fisheries. Growing opportunity to develop organic Agricultural Produce and Food Products. Opportunity for establishment of organized markets by farmers groups and linkages with retail markets like Malls etc. Opportunity for contract farming. Opportunity for formation of commodity interest groups for production, processing and marketing. Opportunity for developing good brands for domestic as well as export market. Small agricultural processing units/federations can be initiated in generating employment opportunities.

Threats : • • • • • • • • • •

Increasing urbanization leads to decrease in net cultivable area. Due to urbanization the market potential is increasing on one side but the availability of human labor for agricultural activities is decreasing. The agricultural labor is becoming costly day by day. Migration of rural population to urban area is posing a threat to agriculture. Lack of attractive support prices may affect production of cereals, pulses and oilseeds etc. affecting the food security. The demand for rural infrastructure facilities in ever increasing, which if not fulfilled may lead to more migration and also agricultural production may Decrease. Lack of cold storage, supply chain may incur losses due to price fluctuation. Increased losses in handling during transport. Lack of awareness in improved technology and its non use may affect production processing and returns from various crops and enterprises. Increasing soil erosion in hilly areas having light soils is a threat to agriculture in those areas.

Agriculture sector continues to be the prominent sector in the economy of Raigad. There are three agro climatic regions for formulating the need based, location specific and practically feasible development programmes, they are 1) Sea Shore regions with deep loamy soils covering B. Uran, Alibag, Murud, Mhasala and Shrivardhan talukas; 2) Hill top regions with late rite soils covering Karjat, Khalapur, Sudhagad, Eastern part of Mangaon & Mahad and Poladpur talukas. 3) Kharland region covering eastern part of Uran, Panvel, Pen, part of Alibag. Mhasala, Tala, Shriwardhan Karjat are the most backward talukas of the district and these regions are the core areas of the district with slow development of infrastructure including irrigation.`

05 Context Study Phase wise distribution of project in Raigad district 31

Raigad: Schematic route of DMIC :

Jamgaon, Patharshet, Pahur and Jawra

JNPT

4 Affected Villages

Roha Taluka (Phase I)

Tala Taluka (Phase III)

Dighi Port

Mangaon Taluka (Phase II)

26 Affected Villages

43 Affected Villages

Nizampur, Shirsat, kandalgaon, Bondshet, Boriwali, Sakhalyachiwadi, Bamangaon, Maluste, Titwae, Tasgaon, Yarad, Aelwade, Sangi, Umbardi, Shirawli, Jite, Dharmali, Chach, Dhadawe, Ghotwad, Ratwad, Nilaj, Pansai, Kalwan, Koshimbale, Dakhane, Potner, Kashene, Bhale, Kumbharte, Gharoshi, Palasgaon, Palasgaon kh. , Palasgaon B, Khardi kh. , Hodgaon, Mughwali, Karambali, Dhamani, Mashidwadi, Harwandi, Vaki, Salave, Gangavali.

Vinawali, Mahure, Barpe, Padwan, Mahagaav, Vashi Mahagaav, Phalshet karnala, Sonsade, Bhanang, Kalasambade, NIgudshet, Borghar, Arnala, Saalshet, Usar, Gaulwadi, Ambeli, Pachghar, Kistketaki, Vawe haweli, Kalamshet, Ranewadi, Tambadi, Khairat, Medha, Bamanghar.

Fig 17 Schematic Explaination of DMIC route in Raigad (Author) 32

Raigad: Roha Taluka:

Fig 18 - Roha MIDC land use map

Roha is a town and taluka in the Raigad district of the Maharashtra state of India. It is located 120 km southeast of Mumbai. It is the starting point of Konkan railways and end point of central railways(Mumbai). Many chemical industries have opened up their manufacturing bases in Roha. Roha is located between the banks of the Kundalika River and the hills of Kalasgiri. It has a population of over 20,849.Roha is connected to Mumbai by Panvel-Roha railway line. Roha is also the northern end of the Konkan Railway. Roha is off of the Mumbai Goa Highway, via the Kolad road. • Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC) is located at Dhatav. This area is a Chemical Industry zone as declared by MIDC. Roha is surrounded by 69 SEZ areas. • New companies are planning for setup & existing companies are in expansion mode, leading to generation of huge employment opportunities. •

Also proposed is the Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC – Connect to Dighi Port) and Panvel International

Airport, two colossoal developments that will drive growth in and around Roha. Fig 19 - Roha industries 33

Raigad: Mangaon Taluka:

Fig 22 - Vile Bhagad Industrial stretch

Mangaon is a small town (and taluka) in the Konkan region of Maharashtra, India. It is located in the Raigad district, 80 kilometres (49.7 miles) from Alibaug headquarters, and 119 kilometres (73.9 miles) from the state capital of Mumbai, towards the Panjim side.[1] Rudram Realty is the major land developers present in mangaon The Vile-Bhagad M.I.D.C. industrial zone, which is located in Mangaon, was

Fig 20 - Mangaon Taluka’s Proposed Land use map)

previously in a dilapidated state due to a lack of investment. Lately, however, the zone has increased in importance and houses several steel companies, including

POSCO LTD. Moreover, Tata Power Ltd.'s hydroelectric project has greatly reduced the need for additional energy generation in the Mangaon Taluka and industrial zones in Raigad. Recently 15000 Acres have

been

declared

acquisition in Mangaon.

under

MIDC

Raigad: Tala Taluka:

Fig 23 - Tala fort

Tala is a small town and taluka in Mangaon subdivision of Raigad district of Maharashtra State in India. Tala is 15 km away from Indapur Town which is located on Mumbai-Goa Highway. Talgad is main attraction of Tala which is one of the important fort in Raigad district. Chandika Mata Temple is located at Marketplace of Tala village. Tala is Marathi translation of word lake, and there were many lakes located in Tala village which is also the reason behind the name Tala.. Talgad is main attraction of Tala which is one of the important forts in Raigad district. Tala is Marathi translation of word lake, and there were many lakes located in Tala village which is also the reason behind the name Tala. Tala has historical importance since it was primarily a fort once, then the groups of settlements started formulating and started growing. Many ancient lakes, temples, old schools, old traditional houses are still lively in and around the town.

• Employment setup : Mumbai

• The lack of industries in the town has resulted in issues like unemployment which indeed made migration as the major concern. • Also the easy connectivity with the neighbouring urbanised cities is dragging the youth towards It in search for job opportunities in private sectors.

Mangaon Roha Tala Fig 25 - Migration in Tala (Graphical)

Raigad: Comparative analysis :

Roha Taluka (Phase I)

Mangaon Taluka (Phase II)

Tala Taluka (Phase III)

Fig 26 - Comparison between three talukas (Graphical)

The three Talukas have different scenarios for their employment setup currently as well as it has developed a culture of its own over the years. Hence after the emergence of DMIC by the year 2035, each taluka which is categorised into different phases respectively, shall have different way of approaching towards it. Right from the building phase to the completion, the the talukas shall experience a series of changes but the

impact on each would vary. Roha Taluka, being the MIDC area right from the late 90s already been prone to industrial development there. Hence the impact of industrialisation, migration, wouldn’t be very harsh. The second phase, Mangaon taluka is slowly and steadily approaching towards industrial growth majorly because of its easy connectivity to the Mumbai – Goa Highway. On the other hand, Tala, the third phase of the Corridor development project which is completely deprived of any major industrial development and its direct influence, shall have to withstand a heavy impact by the large scale industries. The Taluka is rich in culture and natural fabric. And the industries would certainly damage it. 26 villages from this will be affected by the project. Considering all this points Tala taluka is shortlisted for the further study of the topic. 36

Interview Method : 1. Mr. Anant More , o o o o

(Sonsade, Tala) Social worker 20 years Baudhajan Panchayat Samiti, Tala 10 years President of Panchayat Samiti, Tala

• Last 200 years and before 30 years almost same scenario. • Last 15 - 20 years significant changes are observed in Taluka. • Depression increased in the youth with concern of unemployment.

• Influence of Mumbai city. • Migration to some extent is always necessary • Culture exchange brings about neutrality in evil and biased traditions. • DMIC will bring out positive changes in the Taluka. 3. Mr. Dhanraj Gaikwad,

2. Adv. Jadhav,

o (Shenawali, Tala) o Secretary of Shetkari kaamgar Paksha, Tala o Member of Panchayat Samiti, Tala.

o (Talegaon, Tala) o Pursued Law degree from Mumbai university o Representative of National Congress Party, Tala.

• DMIC is definitely a boon for the

• If the situation continues without any

people

opportunities to people, there is definitely

• Bring back the interest of people into

going to be imbalance in the Social

agriculture

lifestyle.

• Animal Husbandry and other relevant

• ‘Family Organization’ in line.

occupations will also get a boost.

• Generation Gap.

Solution :

• Rehabilitation in the nearby locality

• Employment should be given to the locals

• Shares for land (lease)

under the Industrial Dispute law.

• Strengthening the Farmers and

• Skills to be taught.

labourers

• Management training.

• No chemical Industries.

• Smart planning of land. 37

Tala : Miscellanous :

Fig 27 - Proposed production of organic input and formation of organic groups in the next five years ( Raigad district)

Source: MIDC acts and regulations Start up Policy 2018.

06 Case Studies

Case Studies: Case Study 1 :

Galbabhai Farmers’ Training Institute and Production centre, Gujarat : •

Started in the year 1969, just after the establishment of the co-operative movement in Gujarat.

•

To boost the yield from the Anand dairy and the Mehasana Dairy.

•

Besides milk and dairy there was no other occupation here.

Take aways : •

The co-operative movement was well taken forward and not only the production part but also the distribution

with

advanced

and

industrial

management

techniques was done. •

The

formal

institute

engaged

generation farming

farmer’s

training

the

new

their

carry

animal

husbandry

business with an eye to update their

methods

with

modern

techniques. •

The architecture of the institute allowed learning in collaborative and inclusive spaces like the open courts,

Case Studies: Case Study 1 :

I knew it as sitting among wheat fields, but giant (and thriving) milk-dairies have sprung up in their place. Formal gardens, with palms and other non-native ornamentals, fill up a couple of outdoor courts. The rubble stone and roughly cast concrete construction have in the meanwhile seen the concrete painted (with care) two shades of blue, no less. And yet it holds. Perhaps because it was about how the learning, living and eating could coexist simply, beginning in the courts and rooms without roofs and gardens which are also rooms...the building itself only a way to give these rooms their sense of enclosure. Often times, architecture seems to be intolerant to weathering due to modifications and changes (among other things), and as architects we despair about this sort of disrepair. I assumed this would be the case with my father’s work as well. But I was genuinely surprised how little the changes outside (fields to dairies) or inside (raw exposed concrete becoming blue) mattered. Somehow in this instance, the architecture has been able to absorb it all.

Case Studies: Case Study 2 :

University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru

The ultimate goal of this important function of the University is to enhance the sustainable net income of the farmer, by taking all the enterprises on the farm into consideration, integrating them and treating the whole farm as one unit. This major function of extension is accomplished through dissemination of farm information, training of farmers and extension functionaries, educating the farmers through field activities such as demonstrations, field visits, field days, farm advisory service etc. To carry out these activities, seven Krishi Vignan Kendras, two Extension Education Units and other eight Extension Units working under the jurisdiction of the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore.

The farming community can avail the services of the units of the Directorate of Extension to get the solutions to their farming problems and to increase their economic status.

• •

•

• •

Link workers training programmes both institutional and at village level Specialized trainings as per the need of client departments of Agriculture, Horticulture, Animal Husbandry, Sericulture, Watershed Management, etc. The subjects covered are Contract Farming, Organic Farming, Rain Water Harvesting, Agricultural Machineries, Integrated Farming System, Integrated Nutrient Management, Integrated Pest and Disease Management, Bio-fuels, Agrientrepreneurship, Value addition, Fodder production, Water Management, Post Harvest Technology etc. Specialized trainings for field level functionaries of development departments on agriculture & allied aspects based on demand. Workshops, Farmers – Scientists interaction, Seminars etc. Conducting front line demonstrations in Bangalore Urban district under Integrated Farming System Demonstrations (IFSD), Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) programmes etc.

Case Studies: Case Study 3 :

Worlds first of its kind institute, it is based on a unique agriculture model which is providing training to the farmers and stakeholders in agriculture for commercial cultivation of medicinal and aromatic crops and other certificate courses in organic farming, Minimum Budget Farming/ Sustainable Agriculture.

Till date the institute has trained 10,000 farmers from all over the India to become entrepreneurs as well as 40,000 have got training from the institute to become economically independent. Since 1996, it is providing this unique kind of services to the world, and the aim is to provide low cost farming practices knowledge and in return farmer should get high value for their products, the reason behind it was produced from traditional (Paramparagat) like, Seeds and Handmade organic manures. With this vision and mission the founder of the institute started International Institute of Advance Agriculture Skill Development in year 2010 for the betterment of Farmers and Agriculture in India. From starting it has overcome many milestones by providing better knowledge and good quality services to India. Farmers and Agri Entrepreneurs from all across the country are coming here for getting this precious & unique kind of knowledge and services.

Case Studies: Case Study 4 :

Amruth Organic Fertilizers, Bengaluru

Amruth organic fertilizers is the manufacturer of agricultural inputs such as bio fertilizers, bio pesticides, and micronutrients in both liquid and solid form with the engineering of bio products from Renewable Bio Sources. Its an Integrated Agricultural Biotech Company established in the year 2009. The factory is located about 40 km. from Chitradurga and 245 km from State capital, Bangalore. The company’s vision is to serve the farming community through healthy, eco-friendly and profitable agriculture.

Set up : Three large plants are spread over 10 acres of land fully integrated production facility capable of producing I. Organic Manure II. Organic Fertilizer III. NPK Modern Microbiology Laboratory o Microbial Growth Culture o Precision Control for Temperature and control. o Nutrient streamline production produces various formulations and gives the end products.

• Almost every single product involved in the process or produced is optimally utilized and consumed. • Native vegetation is taken care of. • Perfect balance of both formally trained and untrained farmers. • Skilled and unskilled workers. • Farmers and skilled technicians. • Integration of modern farming techniques. 44

The factory has its integrated farmlands where native crops and vegetables are produced. Horticulture is promoted in other smaller fields. The local farmers are kept updated of newer agricultural technologies, The use of Rainwater harvesting system in farming, etc. The local farmers are kept updated of newer agricultural technologies, The use of Rainwater harvesting system in farming, etc.

07 Program Curation Finding the balance of Agriculture and Industry 45

Program Formulation :

A G R I C U L T U R E <----------> I N D U S T R Y

Educate

Empower

Preserve

Primary Producers / Emerging Youth

Social Perception of agriculture

Available agriculture land / Local culture of cultivation

Develop

Employment Opportunities , Growth of agrarian Community

Fig 28 -finding balance between Agriculture and industry

Innovate

Farming Technology, Framework of Primary food Growth

Expand

The enhanced system to other networks

Program Formulation :

Dairy/ cattle

Organic farms

Hydroponics

Organic food/ Manure

Aeroponics

Aquaculture Organic fertilizers

Training Centre

Exhibition Centre

Hands on experience for tourist

Educational Facility

Organic Food facility

Fig 28 - Program Formulation (Graphic) 47

Site Analysis: Comparative analysis of Potential sites:

Fig 29 - table for comparative analysis of potential sites

Criteria For Site Selection : 1.

Should come under Tala Taluka. (DMIC Phase 3)

Close Proximity with the affected villages.

Easy accessible.

Cultivation land nearby.

Near to a water source.

Shouldn’t be very close to the ‘Gaonthan’ area.

Shouldn’t be completely on a sloping land.

Site Analysis : Shortlisted Site :

Affected villages In and around The site :

Site Analysis : Shortlisted Site ( Suitability and Justification) :

• More number of affected villages coming under the Tala- Indapur road.

• The site is just 10 km away from the Mumbai- Goa Expressway and directly connected to Dighi Port. • The dam water was used for agriculture purpose during summers . Hence, developed water canal system is available. • Diversed use of land around the dam promoting horticulture as well as traditional farming. • More than 65000 sqm of area is been developed as a Nursery under several Polyhouses in the time span of just 3 years with the help of the Dam water. Hence, the area is well suited for Polyhouses or artificial environment farming. • The several undulations in the topography can be architecturally utilized for offering different vantage points to the users as well as for creating terrace farmings and multiple Farming pockets on the terrain. • The existence of IT and Engineering college within 2 kms from the site makes it more accessible for learners. There is also a developed accommodation facility for the minorities very close to the site. • ‘ESSAR Petroleum Service’ is recently developed within a km reach from the site which has increased the flux of vehicles 24 x 7. • The dam, holds a great potential for developing into a tourists spot.

Site Analysis : Context :

Area Statement :

08 Design Objectives

Design Objectives: Seeing For Opportunity in Threat :

Fig 32 - effects of natural calamities in raigad

Possible Scope for Design Objective Raigad as a district is prone to many environmental disasters which cause in power outbreak for several days or even weeks every year. Having a modern agricultural setup amidst the powerful industrial fabric would demand heavy electric supply as well as water supply. These factors shouldn’t hinder the daily functioning of

the people working in the centre. Hence, a net zero building can become a powerful design scope in the context Fig 34 - Rainwater harvesting Projects in India Fig 33 - Net zero Buildings in India (Gaphical) 55

Desgn Objectives : Why Rain water Harvesting and a Net Zero Building ? :

RAIN WATER HARVESTING : 1.

Industries depend on common source of water . This might result in pollution of the water resource which is utilized for farming.

Summer farming happening around the selected sites which source water from the only dam.

The water reservoirs by rain water harvesting is done on many sites around the selected site. Thus indicating high ground water table level.

The reservoirs can become the architectural feature and also can be used for Passive cooling purposes.

NET ZERO BUILDING : 1.

Raigad district is vulnerable for various natural calamities, especially during monsoon which results in the major power outbreaks every year which spans for months and affects the daily routine and work including farming.

Power shortage for days could affect the growth of sensitive crops which require artificial micro environment.

The incorporation of Photo voltaic can be done on open fields and energy generated through it can be utilisef for rain water harvesting and water irrigation on daily basis.

The factors like Rain water harvesting, waste recycling through organic

manure production already adds to the sustainability of the project. Hence, a net zero building can make it more energy efficient and sustainable. 5.

In the context of industries which draw heavy energy for its effective running, a net zero building with other sustainable features would make it self sufficient.

Fig 35 - digital art (anonymous artist) 57

List of Figures:

Fig 01- watercolour Portrait of an indian farmer (anonymous artist) Fig 02 - Industrialization effect on farmers (illustration) (anonymous artist) Fig 03 google sourced Photograph Fig 04 - National Industrial Corridor Programme (Source : NICDC) Fig 5 - DMIC graphical Illustration (Source : DMIC official website) Fig 06 Contribution Of DMIC states Fig 07 - Graphical Representation of DMIC’s Economic Contribution Fig 06 Contribution Of DMIC states Fig 08 - DMIC Maharashtra (dpiit/ Maharashtra) Fig 09 - Dmic, Maharashtra, Impact and Influence Fig 10 - Key Projects in Maharashtra Fig 11 - Connectivity through DMIC Fig 12 - Raigad District Map Fig 13 - Dighi Port IA Land use map Fig 14 - Dighi Port IA illustrated satellite image Fig 15 - graphic (Author) Fig 16 - Farmer’s protest against DMIC in Raigad Fig 17 Schematic Explaination of DMIC route in Raigad (Author) Fig 18 - Roha MIDC land use map Fig 19 - Roha industries Fig 20 - Mangaon Taluka’s Proposed Land use map) Fig 21 - Proposed Land use map’s Table Fig 22 - Vile Bhagad Industrial stretch Fig 23 - Tala fort Fig 24 - Kuda Caves (Tala) Fig 25 - migration in Tala (graphical) Fig 26 - Comparison between three talukas (Graphical) Fig 27 - Proposed production of organic input and formation of organic groups in the next five years ( Raigad district) Fig 28 -finding balance between Agriculture and industry Fig 28 - Program Formulation (Graphic) Fig 29 - table for comparative analysis of potential sites Fig 30 - shortlisted site’s Graphical satellite image Fig 31 - Area statement Table Fig 32 - effects of natural calamities in raigad Fig 33 - Net zero Buildings in India (Gaphical) Fig 34 - Rainwater harvesting Projects in India Fig 35 - digital art (anonymous artist)

Bibliography :

• हदल्ली - मुंबई औद्योहगक कॉररडॉर (DMIC) आहण प्रकल्प ग्रस्त शेतकऱयां च्या समस्ा – Research by Prof. Datta Uttamrao Kuntewad • Dainik Raigad Times, Article Published on 21st April,

• ‘The Hindu’ . Article Published on 12 April 2013. • Hindustan Times, Article Published on 15th Oct, 2012 • Zee 24 taas, News broadcasted on 7th April 2017 • Hindustan Times \, Article Publihed on 1st August 2017 • The Economic Times, Article Published on 26th April, 2015 • https://www.nicdc.in/about-DMICDC • https://dpiit.gov.in/programmes-and-schemes/delhi-mumbai-industrialcorridordmic

• http://www.dighiport.in/innercontent.php?contentid=OTE=# • Raigad Cdap by K.B. Tarkase, district Supretending Agriculture Officer, Raigad • District Census Handbook, Raigad • Tourism Survey for the State of Maharashtra • MIDC rules and regulations report • MIDC report rules for land acquisition • https://www.agrifarming.in/aquaponic-farming-in-india-a-full-guide • Dtp Maharashtra website • architecturez,.net • IIAASD : Agriculture Institute India handbook • Rural Connections New Architecture for Farming and Consumer Experience book • Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Roha Report • Wikipedia – Roha • Wikipedia- Mangaon • Agricultural Sciences Museum , Bangalore book • Akash Banerjee’s informative Podcast ep -44 on youtube • Dhruv Rathee’s Youtube – Explaination of the farm Bills