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S端dtirol | South Tyrol | Alto Adige

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Contents

Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Basic lectures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Excursion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Workshops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lecture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Final Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Participants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Partners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Organizers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Imprint: Copyright: 息 2010 ap35 GmbH Image material: Daniel Grund, ap35 Graphics: Anja Sawatzke, ap35 Texts: Dr. Oliver Herwig,

Florian Semmler, ap35

Andreas Gottlieb Hempel

Edition:

German 1500 St端ck Italian 500 St端ck English 500 St端ck

Alps, Technologies & Architecture

Buildings are built for the future. Designing them requires a number of decisions by the architect and investor that must be weighed off against each other. The higher the costs entailed by the decisions and the more alternatives available, the more intensive the deliberations must be. Especially if the usable space is in competition with agricultural production, commercial usage, or housing space, a critical appraisal of the site in question will be necessary long before any construction can begin. Alpine regions are especially affected by these conflicting interests. In South Tyrol, about 5 % of the total land area is commercially usable and can be built on.

alpitecture involves the invited participants personally in South Tyrol’s building culture.

The increasing scarcity of building space in a village or urban area and the visibility of the structure, whether on a slope or in the valley, have over time awakened sensitivity in inhabitants for dealing with the landscape they shape. Architecture is discussed because its value has been recognized.

The various experts in the building sector are guardians of information and have the answers to specific questions. It is frequently forgotten that everything is interrelated, systems affect one another, and seemingly minor things can create benefits in another area when reinterpreted. Overlapping, linkage, and parallels can be found in many areas and in all living spaces. In the future, problems will be solved only if all specialists involved come together and inspire one another with new ideas. alpitecture links those involved in architecture of the Alps to generate synergisms for the future.

PREFACE

During the workshop, the participants of alpitecture code 2-10 have made a contribution to the building culture through their unbiased view from the outside and their solution-oriented suggestions for special building tasks in the region, thus contributing to the progressive development of the building culture.

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The more varied the living space becomes due to the conditions it defines, the more fascinating it is. The Alps have been an extreme and contradictory living space for as long as anyone can remember. The continuous application and adaptation of the newest methods and technologies have made permanent settlement possible. Social needs and the use of structures have influenced regional building cultures. Architecture is building culture. The quality of architecture achieved, emerging from the conflicts between geographic location, spaces, uses, tradition, and design makes building in the Alps so interesting for architects.

The image of South Tyrol with its only 500,000 inhabitants has changed in recent years from the romantic image of mountain farmers to that of an innovative business location. Especially within the building sector, companies have developed whose high quality products can compete in the global market. These are often family-run trade businesses that have retained a strong personal character.

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Program

Program

Day One – Thursday 10/06/2010 » Arrival of guests » Welcome and introduction of guests, chamber of commerce Bolzano » Guided Tour, chamber of commerce Bolzano » Basic lectures, Hotel Terme Merano, Merano » Merano arte – „Living in the alps“ exhibition » Lecture Plasma Studio, London, Sexten at the Merano Kurhaus » Dinner, Moccaria, Kurhaus Merano » Transfer Theiner‘s Garten Bio Vitalhotel, Gargazon, Check in

Day Two – Friday 11/06/2010 » Departure for the excursion, Transfer to Brixen » Combined Heat and Power plant, Brixen » DUKA, Brixen » Frener & Reifer Metallbau, Brixen » Erlacher incl. Lunch, Barbiano » Tramin Wine Cellars » Laives parish church » Sigmundskron Castle, MMM – Messner Mountain Museum, Firmian » Terlan Wine Cellar » Hangar FRI-EL Green Power, South Bolzano » Höller KG, Laives » Dinner » Return journey Theiner‘s Garten

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» Guided Tour » Workshops Part I – Workshops Part I – Defining the challenge » Workshops Part II – Drafting » Lunch » Workshops Part III – Results » Presentation of workshop results » Discussion of results » Discussion with partner » Lecture Astrid Piber, UNStudio Amsterdam Bolzano District Vocational School » Panel discussion » Dinner

Program

Day Three – Saturday 12/06/2010

South Tyrol in facts and figures

» The autonomous province of Bolzano-South Tyrol, northernmost province of Italy, 7,400 km2, 10 % of this permanently cultivatable, about ¼ lies between 1,000 and 1,500 m and 2/3 above this. » Of the approx. 500,000 people, around 70 % are German speaking, 25 % Italian speaking, and 5 % speak Ladin. Foreigners make up about 6 %. » Some 98 % of the population is Catholic. »O ne third of the employees work in the service providing sector, ¼ in production, and about 12 % in agriculture. South Tyrol has an unemployment rate of 2 %, the lowest in the EU. » The provincial government governs eight districts and 116 communities. The capital is Bolzano with about 100,000 residents, followed by the municipalities Merano (35,000), Brixen (20,000), Laives (16,000), Brunico (14,000), Sterzing (6,000), Klausen (5,000), and the smallest town is Glurns with 900 residents. Most people live in rural areas. » The highest mountain is Ortler, 3,905 m high, and Langkofel in the Dolomites is 3,179 m high. » The province is divided into 7 districts: Vinschgau, Etschtal, Eisacktal-Wipptal, Pustertal, Salten-Schlern, Burggrafenamt, and Südtiroler Unterland. » The major rivers are the Etsch (140 km), Eisack (96 km), Rienz (81 km), Ahrn (50 km), Talfer (46 km), and Passer (43 km). » In the Alps, Kalterer See is the warmest lake and the Seiser Alm is the largest Alpine meadow.

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South Tyrol

» Some 4.5 million guests spend about 27 million overnight stays each year in the 211,000 beds of the hotel industry.*

South tyrol

A few words about South Tyrol

These statistics do not say much about the fascination of South Tyrol. Not about the stimulating sensation that Goethe felt in 1782 on the Brenner when he reached Bolzano with the post coach and noted the southern impression in his diary. Sixty armies of the German emperor passed across the Brenner on their way to Rome for the coronation by the Pope. This route was secured by numerous castles. Imposing guest houses arose for the travelling merchants and their goods were traded under the picturesque arcades in the cities. Craftsmen and artists on their way between North and South left behind samples of their art in the monasteries, churches, castles, and manors.

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The peaceful coexistence of the cultures and languages was disrupted after Italy annexed South Tyrol in 1918. Tens of thousands of Italian workers were brought into South Tyrol to industrialize Bolzano, the German language was prohibited, and the German place names were Italianized, often in a random manner.

After the end of World War II, today’s valid, quite extensive autonomy statute for South Tyrol was passed in 1972 after difficult negotiations. The enormous economic boom has since then contributed to smoothing out the ethnic differences and normalizing the way the different ethnic groups interact. Still – kindergartens and schools are separated linguistically, public positions are given according to ethnical affiliation using a competition system, and the Italians have been disappointed over the loss of their former privileges.

It will probably take a while before everyone considers themselves as South Tyrolean in a region that utilizes their unique cultural and language variety to the full extent.*

South Tyrol

For millions of tourists, the South begins at the Brenner. On the south side of the Alps, the weather is more reliable, lovely, mild, and dry. The northernmost vineyards of Italy are located in the valley around Brixen.

This is where the cultivated landscape of South Tyrol starts, whose dry stone walls, terraced vineyards, orchards, fields, meadows, and flood plains are the result of hundreds of years of farmers’ labors. There is hardly another region that has such a variety of landscapes. When swimming season has begun at Kalterer See, you can still go skiing in Schnalstal. Those who do not want to climb the pale cliffs of the Dolomites can hike through the isolated woods of Regglberg or the broad Alpine meadows. Those who want to avoid the summer heat in Vinschgau can walk along the cooling waterways in Waale. Those who find too much bustle in the cities can enjoy beautiful days until late fall under the golden foliage in a Buschenschänke, or country tavern. For culture lovers, there are the many architectural treasures ranging from the Carolingian period to Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, and art nouveau. A building tradition marked by stately manors, grand estates, and richly decorated churches in addition to sturdy guest houses. Austrian and Italian influences overlap here just as in the food.

Eisack valley The map, with the most important transport axis between Germany and Italy – motorway, state highway, and railway – shows a continuous line between Brenner and Bolzano. But what it doesn’t show is that the Central Alps have innumerable sequences of different valleys.

The Eisack, which has its source near the Brenner Pass and flows through the valley, gets its water from the ever-receding glaciers of the Stubaier and Zillertaler Alps. It once formed the swampy landscape of the Sterzinger Moos. Then it meanders further through the valley between steep wooded slopes to Franzensfeste. Up to here, the upper Eisack valley is called Wipptal, a term that refers to the name of the Roman fort Vipitenum where today Sterzing is located.

The dam built in 1941 near Franzensfest to provide electricity to the Brenner railway flooded the Brixner Klause, the defile behind which the wide Brixen basin opens, whose orchards and vineyards create a southern atmosphere. Here, the second large section of the Eisack valley begins.

At Brixen the Eisack joins with the Rienz, coming from the Pustertal. The river then flows through particularly attractive highlands which have been settled for ages, through the narrowing of the valley near Klausen, up to Kollmann in the lower Eisack valley. Here, at the old customs post, the valley becomes a dangerous, steep gorge until Bolzano, the “Via Mala of South Tyrol”. The ancient Romans and the German emperors preferred a higher route over the Ritten. Not until 1314 on the initiative of the Bolzano merchant Heinrich Kunter was a trade route known as “Kuntersweg” cut into the mountainside along the raging Eisack.

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South Tyrol

In 1867, the Brenner rail line with its many tunnels was laid which was again and again endangered by mudslides and flooding, and in 19721974, the technical masterpiece, the motorway curving through the valley on high pylons, was finished. But down in the valley, the traveler sees very little of the gentle plateaus around Kastelruth, Seis, or Völs and sees nothing of the sunny villages on the slopes of the Ritten. You have to view the lower Eisack valley coming from Tschafon or Puflatsch to realize its beauty. The river becomes calmer in the Bolzano basin.

At the foot of Kardaun Castle, through the entrance to the Eggertal, then through vineyards, fig trees, oleanders, and cypresses along the Bozner Leiten, and finally through the commercial areas of the city flows the Eisack, and then joins the Etsch below Sigmundskron. Since Roman times, the Brenner route has been an important connection between North and South – the scene of mass migrations, route taken by over sixty armies of German emperors (on the way to coronations in Rome, to battle, or to the Crusades).

Albrecht Dürer commemorated Klausen in his engraving “The Great Fortune”, Goethe rode the post coach through the valley by night, and Napoleon’s generals left a trail of destruction. In World War II, there was hardly a railroad line more often bombed than the route between Brenner and Bolzano. After the 1950s, steadily increasing streams of sun-starved holidaymakers made their way over the Brenner to the Adriatic beaches.

Finally – with the Schengen agreement – the Brenner border, which had been in existence since the annexation of South Tyrol by Italy after World War I, was virtually eliminated. Customs and passport checks and the inevitable and annoying traffic jams in holiday periods disappeared. The village of Brenner was reduced to a tenth of its population and is now looking for a new purpose – among other things, with a modern outlet center.

The Eisack valley does not engage in standardized mass tourism. Those who love the solitude and silence of the mountains will find it, especially in Wipptal and in the mostly pristine side valleys of Ridnaun, Villnöss, or Tiers. It is possible to spend the holidays in privately run holiday apartments and on farms, or in small historical, family-operated hotels. Holidaymakers will be fascinated by the overwhelming abundance of stately manors, castles, churches, pilgrim chapels, museums with masterpieces, unparalleled frescos, wayside shrines, and old estates. Connoisseurs will enjoy the traditional rural food as well as the refined Eisack valley cuisine with its old Austrian and Mediterranean influences and excellent wines.

Finally, the attraction of the region includes the open, friendly people, who have been good hosts to travelers through this valley for centuries. For them and their backgrounds as German Tyroleans, Ladins, or Italians, the same applies as for landscape, climate, vegetation, cuisine, architecture, and art history – the Eisack valley includes both the North and the South.*

Land of Castles No other region of Europe has as high a percentage of castles and palaces in relation to its size as South Tyrol. All in all, over 780 castles, palaces, estates, fortification, and ruins can be counted. They reflect the building history of the country throughout the centuries in a unique way. Their appearance is extremely varied, due not only to the different geographic locations, but also due to frequent reconstructions.

The history of castle building began in the 12th century and experienced its climax in the middle of the 14th century. The defense structures of the early Middle Ages still had a simple structure: The rulers had quadratic – less often round – towers built on hills or elevations. They were surrounded by a ring wall, behind which the population could seek protection.

In addition to the main tower, residential structures were later built, which became larger only in the 14th century and at the beginning of the 16th century were sometimes real palaces. Gradually, defensive facilities were added as new military requirements arose – e.g. bastions, firing slits, and shooting stands for the artillery.

Decisive for the construction of the numerous castles in South Tyrol was the key location that the region occupied between the German empire in the north and the Roman papal state in the south. The German emperors secured the Eisack and Etsch valleys as a route to Italy. To do so, they combined ducal and church power – the bishoprics of Brixen and Trient, dependent on the emperor, were created.

When the Duchy of Tyrol was ceded to the Hapsburgs in 1363 and somewhat later the capital was moved from Merano to Innsbruck, Trentino turned toward the Italian culture, while South Tyrol was oriented to the North – a development that was to have a decisive influence on the later history of the region. In the middle of the 14th century, the zenith of castle building was reached; the remaining castles gradually lost their functions as fortifications and some of them became palatial grand manors. The severe architecture then often took on the shape of elegant palaces and hunting lodges.

Churches & Monasteries After conquering the Langobard kingdom in 774, Charlemagne also strove to achieve clerical domination over upper Italy, changed the borders of bishoprics, and made the church province of Salzburg an archbishopric (798). The consequences that this orientation towards the north was to have for the history of South Tyrol can hardly be underestimated.

When Otto the Great began the tradition of imperial coronation trains with his trip to his coronation by the Pope, a safe route to the south became necessary. This was now achieved with the help of the Church. The bishoprics along the Eisack and Etsch were established. Louis the Child gave the Bishop of Saeben the court of Prichsna in 901, from which the city of Brixen arose. In 1027 the Bishop of Brixen was ceded the Eisack region as an imperial fiefdom; the bishopric of Trient was granted the lower region with Bolzano, Ueberetsch, and Vinschgau. Thus, both bishoprics were able to develop independently of Bavaria and Verona. For internal church reasons, the bishops did not personally exercise secular power, but granted counties to stewards, who were soon in competition with one another. In the end, the counts of Tyrol emerged as the winners of the competition and obtained power over the bishoprics of Trient and Brixen until the last Countess of Tyrol, Margarete Maultasch, ceded power to Duke Rudolf IV of Habsburg in 1363. This was the start of 555 years of South Tyrol’s belonging to the Catholic House of Habsburg. As in the rest of the Christian West, the monasteries assumed the task of schooling and cultivating the land until modern times. Important centers were the Benedictine Abbey Marienburg in Vinschgau, built in the 12th century, and the Neustift monastery in the Eisack valley, established by Bishop Hartmann of Brixen in 1142, which is still run by the Augustinian canons today.

In addition to these spiritual centers, numerous chapels, many popular pilgrimage sites, and hundreds of lovely churches were built in South Tyrol, where up to the present day, believers find a place of tranquillity and contemplation.*

Architektur & Wein Excellent wine architecture in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and South Tyrol | Callwey Verlag, Munich | to be published in December 2010

Südtirols schönste Hotels 88 small paradises Folioverlag Bolzano/Vienna | 2009

Culturonda Südtirol Hike and experience culture and way of life Folioverlag Bolzano/Vienna | 2008

Vinschgau in einem Zug By train through western South Tyrol Folioverlag Bolzano/Vienna | 2006

Erlebnis Eggental Culture and nature around Rosengarten and Latemar Folioverlag Bolzano/Vienna, | 2010

Architektur in Südtirol Current structures – an architecture guide Callwey Verlag Munich | 2008

Erlebnis Eisacktal Hike, stop to explore, discover culture Folioverlag Bolzano/Vienna | 2008

Südtirols schönste Hotels, Gasthöfe and Pensionen 88 small paradises for weekend trips and holidays Folioverlag Bolzano/Vienna | 2005 (no longer in print)

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*Text extracts from the following books by Andreas Gottlieb Hempel are marked with an*

South Tyrol

At the beginning of the 19th century, many of the castles fell to ruin until a real restoration boom began at the end of the century – often borne by glorified romantic ideas. Examples of this are the Brunnenburg near Merano, Garnstein Palace in Thinnetal, and Welfenstein near Mauls. Today, the remaining castles, around 30 of which can still be toured, make a considerable contribution to the special cultural scenery of South Tyrol.*

10 BASIc Lectures

In order to understand the culture of a region, you need to get a deeper insight. Three lectures by renowned experts on the area create the basis for acquiring information and forming an opinion.

The focus is on architecture, regional planning, and economy.

11 Basic Lectures

Basic Lectures

The architectural development of South Tyrol » Dr. Arch. Josef March, department of buildings, assets, Ladin school, and culture of the autonomous province of Bolzano – South Tyrol » 1973 degree from the Technical University of Vienna » 1975 architect with the South Tyrol Public Administration » Since 1981, management position » Since 1988, regional building director for South Tyrol, responsible for all public buildings in the region » Since 2002, head of the department of public buildings and heritage

12 BASIc Lectures

» New construction zone Semirurali, Darbourne & Darke, 1986

» Cusanus Akademie Brixen, Othmar Barth, 1962

Today, contemporary architecture in South Tyrol is perceived to be international. The architectural language in the country has been steadily developed since the post-war period. Due to the Fascist repression under Mussolini and the events of the war, there was a general lack of academics, including architects, after the war. Othmar Barth, Luis Plattner, Helmuth Maurer, and others formed a small circle of architects in South Tyrol, most of whom had studied in Vienna.

The 1970s were marked by a sharp rise in regionalism, followed by the postmodernism of the 1980s. In the early 1990s, the provincial administration began to promote modern architecture – a “new building culture in South Tyrol developed from tradition”. This formed the basis for a positive attitude toward modern architecture in the population and political scene. Efficient laws and a functioning regional planning supported the attitude toward modern architecture – today the concept of building tradition is discussed.

» Tschötsch school for girls near Brixen, Othmar Barth, 1970

The provincial administration consciously functioned and still functions as a role model in issues of architectural quality. A broad tradition of competition and the international rivalry associated with it contributed to a rise in the quality of architecture. Since 1980, design competitions have been the normal procedure in the building sector.

Between 1975 and 1990, remarkable public buildings were constructed: hotel management school in Brixen, fire department school in Vilpian, Landhaus II, youth center in Brunico, etc. Many communities and private owners in South Tyrol followed and still follow the example set by the provincial government. Modern and innovative architecture can therefore be found all around the area. We would especially like to mention the high quality architecture initiated by courageous owners in the private sector. Contemporary architecture has become a publicly discussed topic. This is a great opportunity for the modern building sector.

The province saw the challenges of the future. So in general, it strove for building designs that were more rooted in tradition. The new demands on building have to be recognized before they can be met – the KlimaHaus concept must be implemented in architecture, alternative energy sources must be integrated, and sustainable building achieved. In taking on these challenges, the province assumes another role model function.

» European Academy of Bolzano, Klaus Kada, 2002

13 BASIc Lectures

Building tradition is the sum of all things that change the natural and built environment. The identity of the building tradition is based on the history of a geographic region. Building tradition affects all people. They live in a built environment and should be responsible for its quality. The cultural development in the history of South Tyrol was marked by Italy’s and AustriaHungary’s claims to power.

Architecture in South Tyrol between two cultures » Dr. Arch. Lukas Abram, former president of the South Tyrol Architects Association » Partner in Abram & Schnabl, architecture firm in Bolzano » 1995 – 2002 studied architecture at the Technical University of Graz » 2002 Final examination in Venice » 2005 certified KlimaHaus expert » since 2003, Editor of “Turrisbabel” magazine » since 2009 Regional advisor for landscape conservation and urban planning » since February 2009, Chairman of the jury for “Architektouren der BYAK” » 2005 – 2009, President of the South Tyrol Architects Association

14 BASIc Lectures

» Haus Mimmi, Settari, Dreikirchen, Lois Welzenbacher, 1924

» Hotel Alpi, Armando Ronca, 1956

» Hotel Kurzras Schnalstal, Abram & Schnabl, 1980

» Winecenter Kaltern, feld72, 2006

The affiliation of South Tyrol with the monarchy in Austria-Hungary led to a transformation of the cities in the 19th century with the rise of upscale tourism. Merano was remade into a health resort. The towns became relaxing areas away from the large cities. Some of the buildings, often sophisticated hotels, were built by the same Viennese architects. Historicist architecture was designed by architects from Dresden, Munich, and the southern German region. The locals viewed this development with skepticism and saw their cities being changed by outsiders. This development came to a standstill after World War I. In South Tyrol, the desire arose for a renunciation of historicism; a new orientation pursued the ideas of Werkbund and “Neues Bauen”. In addition, perhaps due to the onset of “Italianization” under Fascism beginning in 1922, architects perceived an obligation to the local building traditions; they wanted to develop the essential Tyrolean features and began to reject everything that was exaggerated, overly ornate, and ornamental. Architects oriented new buildings to the anonymous rural building tradition. This gave rise to regionalism and a new physicality (e.g. Hotel Panna) in line with the national socialist view of humanity. Builders such as Lois Welzenbacher shaped new tendencies with buildings that addressed the place and conveyed an unknown lightness. After 1930 it became difficult for architects trained in Austria to work. They lost their certification. Offices were closed. The Fascist plan for Bolzano: steel industry and growth from 100,000 residents from Sicilian laborers (although Bolzano had neither iron ore nor coal resources). The southerly expansion of the city by an industrial zone has consequences up to today – the inner city is heated up by the southerly winds.

After the war, Bolzano had been almost completely destroyed as the result of eleven bombing raids. And the society was forced to come to terms with itself first. The wounds caused by the annexation to Italy had to heal first.

The local heritage society turned to national socialist ideals and revived the South Tyrolean agenda of the 1930s. With the prospering tourism industry, this led to the familiar kitsch and prevented any discussion of contemporary architecture for a long time. While the German-speaking South Tyroleans continued to concentrate on building in rural areas, the Italian colleagues were active in the cities.

Between 1960 and 1980, 43.5 million square meters of new buildings were completed. That is more than the total construction in South Tyrol before 1960. The increase in tourism with the demand for more beds contributed considerably to this. Overdevelopment was encouraged as improvements were made to the road and electric networks and mobility increased.

Since only about 5 % of the land was commercially usable and could be built on, something had to be done. In 1970 a land conservation law was passed, the most progressive one in Europe at the time, in 1972 a first regional development plan, and in 1974, the first nature park was designated.

Innovative projects were made possible, especially by the Church, which had the courage to try out new building styles. For example, Helmuth Maurer: Exerzitienhaus in Nals 1963, Othmar Barth: dormitory in Salern, girls’ school in Tschötsch, housing development in Haslach; Abram & Schnabl: church in Kastelbell, 1973. At the end of the 1980s, the strict regional planning was relaxed; regional councilor Benedikter was not reelected. The party gave away the carefully preserved landscape to the voters – industry got expansion space, the farmers got their barn volumes, and hotel owners were given three stages of expansion. The regional planning office lost power; development plans were made by the municipalities and no longer coordinated.

Public land use was no longer important. In some areas, spaces were made into public areas through competitions as a result of community spirit.

Today there are a number of successful projects that have arisen from the local context. It is impossible to name them all, but some examples are: Manincor Winery, Kaltern, 2004, Walter Angonese with Rainer Köberl and Silvia Boday; Winecenter, Kaltern, 2006, feld72; Regional Vocational School of Bolzano, Bolzano, 2007, Höller & Klotzner Architekten; and the SALEWA headquarters in the Bolzano South industrial zone by Cino Zucchi Architetti – Park Associati, which should be opened by 2011.

15 Basic Lectures

Identity is a word that is redefined daily, almost hourly, by the political representatives of all linguistic groups in South Tyrol. The issue of the nature and the values of South Tyroleans today, the trans-regional context, and their demands aside from social well-being is difficult to address. Identity finds its greatest expression, visible for all, in architecture. The conflict between the Italian, the German, and the Ladin culture, although mainly political in nature, has always had an impact on the building tradition in South Tyrol.

Regional development and site management in South Tyrol » Dipl.-Ing. Lisa Kofink, EURAC Research Institute for Regional Development and Location Management, Bolzano » 2001 – 2002, Regional development studies at the Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden » 2005, degree in Regional and Environmental Planning at the Technical University of Kaiserslautern » since 2005, employed at the Institute for Regional Development and Location Management at the European Academy in Bolzano (EURAC research) » since 2008, coordinator at the European Academy in Bolzano, Institute for Regional Development and Location Management (EURAC research)

substance

16 Basic Lectures

core

differentiators

Core competence as a basis for the umbrella brand “Alto Adige”

cordial distinct and warm hearted high-contrast

rich in tradition

“Knödel and Spaghetti” reliable valuable

to have time/enjoying

genuine

reliable

Umbrella brand for

confident

powerfull

authentic

support Source: www.provinz.bz.it/dachmarke)

• Agricultural products • Tourism • Commercial and industries • Services

Regional economy on the other hand, deals with the economic efficiency of spatial structures and includes mainly the analysis and promotion of local factors that make a location attractive or competitive. Tourism plays a major role in the regional economy and development of South Tyrol. For example, the tourism sector contributes 11.9 % (manufacturer prices) to value creation. South Tyrol is at the top of the Alpine region with respect to intensity of tourism, bed occupancy, and density of hotel coverage.

The demands on a region made by competition can be classified in basis factors (e.g. accessibility), competition factors (incl. architecture), and differentiators (special, unique competencies). Together, the factors form the core competencies of a region. Based on the core competencies, themes for a region and based on these, unique and competitive products can be defined and developed.

Location management in South Tyrol means integrating business management principles into regional development and location issues. The location becomes a business, whose management guides its future development in a planned direction and in doing so takes more than one location factor and more than one target group (businesses, residents, guests) into account.

It is no longer just a product, but integrated services of several sectors that are offered.

As an example, we could mention the commitment on the part of drivers of the economy in the various sectors (winemakers, tourism directors, farmers, and people of public life) in Kaltern, who developed a theme for their town with a communications agency. The result was the “wein.kaltern” profile, a quality offensive of the wine producers with their town. Under the label “wein.kaltern” a new brand was developed and a “wein.weg” wine route in the form of an 8 was built through the town, through vineyards and wineries to Kalterer See. The intersection at the middle of the 8 is the PUNKT wine house in the center of town. The building was redesigned by the Vienna architect Hermann Czech in 2005. It is a vinothek where you are invited to taste all the wines made in Kaltern. Another combination of contemporary architecture, tourism, and wine culture was implemented in the new Winecenter sales building of the Kaltern winery. The architecture firm feld72 from Vienna won the invitational competition with a structure that, as a landmark on the road from Bolzano to Kalterer See – the building is directly on the main road – gives equal consideration to the 21st century perception of mobility and to the local identity. Through all of these measures, Kaltern became a business operation with various departments that all benefit from the joint development.

17 Basic Lectures

Regional development is based on the interaction of various elements (population, business, traffic, etc.) and is associated with the growth of the economic capacity of a region.

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Combined heating and power plant, Brixen Duka, Brixen Frener & Reifer Metallbau, Brixen

Merano Arte Hotel Terme Merano

Erlacher Innenausbau Theiner‘s Garten Bio Vitalhotel, Gargazzone

CantinaWinery Terlan di Terlano

District Vocational School, Bolzano Sigmundskron Castle

Camera diofCommercio Chamber Commerce, Bolzano

Hangar della FRI- EL Green Power, Bolzano

Parish church Laives Höller KG, Laives

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Cantina Winery Tramin Tramin

» Cartography: Autonomous Province of Bolzano South Tyrol - Office of Geographic Information and Statistics 9.6

Bolzano Chamber of Commerce, Bolzano Bolzano’s city center has an interesting series of spaces. Not only with respect to squares, streets, alleyways, parks, and the Talfer and Eisack rivers, which cut deep into the fabric of the city – but also with respect to contents. Contrasting with the historical city center is the Italian expansion of the 1920s and 1930s on the other side of the Talfer valley. Even if both parts are joined by some structures such as the reinterpretation of the arcades, we still find two fundamentally different atmospheres – the “gemütlich” old town enhanced by the emotion of history and the “rational” new town, where the urban spaces are handled with cool reason.

How should a modern administration building of considerable size be integrated into the language of our times in this multifaceted context?

For one thing, by its location within the city. This was hust a fortunate coincidence due to the purchase of the building site. The new structure complements the already existing large scale buildings in the vicinity – the massive theatre block with its façade of light natural stone, the delicately laid out episcopal ordinariate with its plaster-walled buildings, and a hotel with its façade of interestingly structured concrete elements.

For another thing, in the architecture competition, the proposal by Wolfgang Simmerle was selected, which recommended building around the edges of the block along Südtiroler Straße and around the corner to Verdiplatz. Only the section of the chamber of commerce corresponds to the original design of three blocks – like a spatial meander, open and functional spaces open, close, and surround each other. This creates an inner space, which is designed as a “three-dimensional city” with squares, pathways, bridges, and optical connections. Between each section, a narrow street leads into the courtyard, from where Verdiplatz, the episcopal ordinariate, and the theatre can be reached. In the future, this will be an inviting, quiet courtyard with a café and trees.

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This approach, with its different spatial dimensions, incorporates the conditions of the old town at this previously diffuse location naturally – square, boulevard, courtyard, and a great deal of city traffic, especially pedestrians from the parking garage on the other side of the street, whose first impression when emerging from the lower level is the corner of Verdiplatz. The new building does this justice. With a wide, open glass hall on the corner, it welcomes the surprised visitor, who would not initially expect this gesture from the rather cool, smooth façade. In the interior, large, publicly accessible spaces open up that make you forget that this is actually an office building with many small offices for employees. These semi-open interior spaces are reflected in the façades. Where there is a transparent glass façade, halls, galleries, courtyards, and stairwells are located, while offices are located behind the light reinforced areas. A clearly structured building that reflects the architecture of this “rationalistic” district and yet fits into the intimate old town thanks to its interwoven spaces.*

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» Architecture: Wolfgang Simmerle, architecture firm » Client: Bolzano Chamber of Commerce » Construction Period: 2004 – 2007

As early as the 1960s, the basis for the new Chamber of Commerce building was laid with the purchase of lots on Südtiroler Straße. But it was not until 1997 that the municipal administration approved the plan for improving Südtiroler Straße. The Institute for Subsidized Housing, the municipality of Bolzano, and the Chamber of Commerce jointly held a design competition.

Hotel Terme Merano and Terme Merano, Merano

Foto: Therme Meran/Tappeiner.

» Architecture concept: Rüdiger Baumann and Julia Zillich, Berlin » Architecture realisation and furnishing: Matteo Thun, Milan » Landscape architects: Lützow7, Berlin, Cornelia Müller and Jan Wehberg » Client: Thermen Meran AG » Construction Period: 2005

Merano has almost 300 sunny days a year, yet despite its mild climate is located in the midst of mountains, surrounded by peaks three thousand meters high. Subtropical plants survive the winter here in fresh mountain air. Visitors can find culture, shopping, and high-class hotels. Merano was at its height between 1317 and 1420 when it was the capital of Tyrol. The old town and the numerous manors of the nobility are proof of this. When the capital of Tyrol was moved to Innsbruck, Merano was known as a “cow town” for almost half a millennium. In the middle of the 19th century, Merano began its second career as a health resort for European royalty on the trail of Empress “Sissi”.

When it was connected to the railway in 1881, palatial grand hotels arose and spa physician Dr. Franz Tappeiner created the promenade named after him. Waltzes were played in the new spa center. World War I and the annexation of South Tyrol by Italy ended all this. After the Second World War, Merano needed a long time to reach a certain level of tourism again. The grand hotels had become old; the visitors had changed. Still, Merano has done a lot in recent decades to refresh its old glory and add new attractions with cultural events.

Radon springs were discovered around Merano. An obvious idea was to build a thermal bath. It was complemented by a first-class hotel with all the luxury of modern times.

The Berlin architects Baumann and Zillich won an international competition and their design was the basis for the project. The implementation was planned by the architect Matteo Thun.

The Terme Merano, opened in December 2005, succeeded in combining the genuine South Tyrol with the modern Mediterranean. The glass architecture of the Terme Merano gives visitors an unobstructed view of the surrounding mountains, allowing them to be part of the landscape, the water, and the original elements of South Tyrol. Clear lines in the architecture, the use of valuable natural stone and wood, and of regional products in the Spa & Vital Center show an understanding of and respect for nature.

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In addition to the large area dedicated to the indoor and outdoor swimming pools, the sauna area, the wellness and fitness center for the hot springs, and the 300-bed hotel with its own spa and conference rooms, the integration into the urban planning of the city of Merano plays a crucial role. Over an underground parking area with art installations, a spacious square was created between the hot springs and the hotel on the left side of the Passer River. It forms the center position opposite the long promenade on the old town side of the river, from where it can be reached via a new pedestrian bridge and has become a new attraction in Merano. From here, you have a beautiful view across the city to the snowy peaks of the Texel mountains, can look over the hot springs and the adjacent park far out into the Burggräfler Land, or enjoy the hotel service on the terrace.

The choice of natural stone with a warm tone for the façade of both buildings compensates somewhat for the somewhat sterile rights angles of the two complexes.*

Merano Arte in the Sparkasse building, Merano Merano Arte is a gallery and a forum for discussing contemporary art; it is supported by an association and promoted by numerous institutions. With an average of 10,000 visitors a year and with many events and international links, Merano Arte occupies a prominent place in the cultural life of South Tyrol.

The historic building under the arcades in the old town of Merano is owned by the South Tyrolean Sparkasse and has been completely renovated so that around 500 square meters of exhibition space are available on various levels. It has its own studio that can accommodate external artists and the Café Kunsthaus is a popular meeting point in the historic center. The historic Sparkasse hall can be used for lectures and concerts and is also rented out for external events.

The first elements of the building stem from the Middle Ages. The building has the typical features of the Merano arcade buildings – very long, narrow floor plan (40 by 9 meters), front façade with an alcove projecting over the arcades and an open atrium over all floors.

The architecture firm Höller & Klotzner took pains to retain the old structure and visibly integrate the new elements glass and steel. The atrium was designed to bring more light into the central courtyard.

At the same time, the architects had the not so simple task of dividing the long, narrow building according to use. To do this, they decided on a neutral design for the space.

White walls and wooden floors form the subtle background for the changing, very different demands of exhibitions.

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Only the successful renovation of the old Sparkasse hall has its own character. The other rooms, as so often in galleries or museums, live from the light that is intended to bring out the best in the objects exhibited. The natural lighting from above – lateral lighting was not possible due to the existing conditions of the building – was a masterful achievement of the architects, but the artificial lighting of the rooms was also implemented very successfully. Through the reduction to essentials, also in materials, a calm gallery architecture was created that provides a good framework for the art with its casual noblesse.*

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»A rchitecture: Höller & Klotzner Architekten, Merano » Client: Foundation Südtiroler Sparkasse » Construction Period: 2000 – 2001

Combined heating and power plant, Brixen The city of Brixen could be considered a model city, as the historic old town has no vehicle traffic and there is a city bus network that is used extensively by the population.

The network of cycling and walking trails in and around the city is impressive and water supply is just as exemplary as the canalization, waste disposal, and a district heating network that will supply the entire city will be completed shortly. The district heating plant needs several intermediate stations, one of which is located at the Mozart Bridge south of the city center as has become a spectacular structure although it is rather small in size compared with the adjacent monasteries and schools. Technical structures are generally neglected when it comes to design. Transformer stations, substation, water treatment plants, heating plants are – like bridges – considered purely engineering structures, are designed without architects, and their ugliness is simply accepted. » Architecture: Modus Architects, Matteo Scagnol, Sandy Attia, Brixen » Client: Stadtwerke Brixen AG » Construction Period: 2007 » 1st Prizewinner at the 5th South Tyrolean Architecture Awards

But not the Brixen district heating plant – the intelligent combination of necessary technical plant was successfully integrated into the urban environment with a meeting point for youth in a prominent location between the bridgehead and the roads. On Mozartallee, which is busy but is edged with lovely large trees, a real effort was made and a talented young architect was commissioned with a special solution – the functional, technical structure, of course built of concrete, was given a large show window onto the Eisack river promenade. Here pedestrians, joggers, and cyclists pass by and can look in on the plant’s technical bowels, whose sparkling clean, gleaming chrome pipes are visible to observers. The concrete block was given a second skin, a chain mail shirt of steel fabric that rises to various heights and is lit up from behind at night in changing colours. Up on the roof, framed by the steel construction, a skateboard ramp was built.*

DUKA Exhibition Hall, Brixen

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In 1993 the company needed to move again to its present location. The modern building, in the midst of the lovely South Tyrolean landscape, is an expression of the vision – be open to new things, grasp opportunities, and still remain rooted in the own kind. In 2006 the new exhibition hall with 600 square meters of floor space was opened. With nature as the backdrop, a highly flexible presentation room, independent of current design trends, was created. Individual scenarios address the different types of the shower enclosures and their special features. The lighting concept and string curtains set the stage for the exhibition.

» Architecture: ra.be interior design » Client: duka AG » Construction Period: 2006

FRENER & REIFER Metallbau, Brixen The concept for the new structure was dictated by the already existing building, which was built in 1995 as the first of 3 construction stages. In the 2nd stage, the striking addition of two levels (Production and Office & Administration) to the hall was undertaken.

» Architecture: BRT Architekten - Bothe, Richter, Teherani, Hamburg » Client: FRENER & REIFER Metallbau GmbH » Statics: Studio di Ingegneria Srl Bergmeister » Construction Period: 2004 – 2007

FRENER & REIFER Metallbau GmbH is one of the world’s leading companies in façade construction, it was therefore natural to create a special façade made of the materials most frequently used by the company – glass, steel, and aluminum. The façade design adds an accent in the industrial zone. The architects designed a glass façade representing a stylized forest. The “tree trunks” consist up to 90% of transparent glass extending to the ceiling. The filling between the “trees” is made of translucent glass. In the foyer they have stainless steel flashing. The interior design of the office and administration level was done by Höller KG.

ERLACHER Innenausbau, Barbiano/Ponte Gardena ERLACHER Innenausbau has a long history full of tradition. “Schenk carpentry” in Waidbruck, established in 1905 and famous far beyond the region, was taken over in 1976

by Toni Erlacher, who expanded it and since then has successfully managed it.

In 2009, the new administration building was placed, very visible in the new spirit of the times, on the Bolzano-Klausen road (former post office). The company is the first in all of Italy to obtain the environmental certification ISO-14001 and in 2009 was awarded “A Gold” as the best KlimaHaus (Climate House). The qualities of the acoustics, sound insulation, and lighting technology were especially praised.

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Site of Tranquillity – Saeben Monastery The Romans named the steep diorite cliff towering over the narrow Eisack valley at today’s Klausen Sebenum. Up to today, it is still often revered as the “sacred Mount Saeben” or the “Acropolis of South Tyrol”. This almost sublime location became the starting point for the Christianization of Tyrol in Roman times around 400 AD under the metropolitan of Aquileia. Saeben became a bishopric in 590 under Ingenuin. The monastery, imposingly situated high above today’s Klausen, became the symbol of the Christian tradition in South Tyrol. *

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» Architecture: Dr. Arch. Stefan Gamper » Interior planning: Toni Erlacher & Manfred Erlacher » Client: Erlacher Innenausbau KG » Construction Period: 1997 – 2008

Tramin Winery, Tramin The Tramin winery was established back in 1898 as one of the first winery cooperatives in South Tyrol. The 290 members cultivate a total area of 220 hectares.

Every year, 1.2 million 0.75-l bottles are produced. The existing winery buildings were not especially striking from the architectural point of view. The planned new construction therefore sought a design solution that would also do justice to the key location at the entrance to the town. The view from there goes across the seemingly endless vineyards to the Kalterer See and to Mitterberg. At the same time, the structures form the northern – until now not particularly attractive – entrance to the town.

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» Architecture: Architekt Werner Tscholl, Morter » Client: Kellereigenossenschaft Tramin » Construction Period: 2008 – 2010

In a selected design assessment, the unusual project by Werner Tscholl was chosen; building was begun in the spring of 2008 and completed two years later. In a gesture similar to outspread arms, two wings were added in front of the existing building, which welcome those arriving in the wine village of Tramin to the most important winery of the town. The wings form a two-story courtyard; and the steep road allows two entrances – the lower access has a roof for deliveries of goods and the upper entrance is open for receiving visitors. The new U-shaped building is placed in front of the existing structure so that the latter is not immediately seen. In the design of the new structure, the architect used forms reminiscent of leafless vines in winter. He translated the bizarre shapes into a steel construction, which forms a frame for the glass façades at some distance behind them. Visitors enter the ground floor sales area or the hall opposite to it and are welcomed at this elevated site by an overwhelming panorama. The building has symbolic value that fits the quality of the wines produced there and has already become a destination for wine lovers interested in architecture.*

Wine Gewürztraminer is wine indigenous to South Tyrol that made the wine village of Tramin famous and the winery has been practically showered with international awards in recent years, especially for this wine. As usual in many areas of South Tyrol, this winery offers different qualities of wine – the classics, cuvee wines, single site wines, and the top wines. Then as a speciality there is the Gewürztraminer Spätlese, a sweet Beerenauslese or Trockenbeerenauslese, whose grapes mature on the vines until November. There is an astonishing variety – in addition to Vernatsch, the classic Kalterer See wine that constitutes a third of production, the are the white wines Weißburgunder (Pinot Blanc), Chardonnay, Sauvignon, Pinot Grigio, sweet golden Muskateller, Müller–Thurgau, Gewürztraminer, and Riesling and the red wines Lagrein, Merlot, Cabernet-Sauvignon, Blauburgunder (Pinot Noir) and Rosenmuskateller.

Three cuvées, Stoan, Roan, and Loam add to the variety of the highest qualified wines, whose showpiece is certainly the Gewürztraminer “Nussbaumer”.

Recommendation: Gewürztraminer Nussbaumer 2009 Fascinating aromas of roses with notes of lychees and honey dominate this best of class.*

Extension of the church, Laives The Church of Saints Anthony and Nicholas was begun around 1250 with the Romanic tower and chancel. In 1509, construction continued in the Gothic style and in 1650 in Baroque. Finally, the nave was renovated in 1856 in neo-Gothic style, which is now to be too small for the growing population. All previous suggestions to extend the existing nave were rejected by the people. Only the current suggestion for an extension that preserves the appearance of the old church met with approval.

The old church area is now a day chapel with the baptismal font and confessionals.

The Romanic nave was opened up again and the main altar with the shrine image was set back into it. The old church thus appears larger than before. The glazed connection admits light from above, which modulates the old façade. The light that falls over the back of the altar is stronger and lights up the huge cross above the altar from behind.

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The warm tones of the Canadian maple paneling surround the observer, who feels transported to a mystical world by the gently sloping walls and the upward-curving ceiling.

The floor is also slightly inclined down to the altar – as if one is walking on swaying, holy ground. A room that simultaneously disconcerts and welcomes visitors. The gaze is concentrated on the large golden cross that occupies the only right angle and thus conveys safety to the room. Behind this transcendental staging are concrete walls insulated with foam glass and steel supports. Façade and roofing are clad with Tombak.

But all the worldly aspects count little in comparison with the penetrating atmosphere of this sacred room.*

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» Architecture: Höller & Klotzner Architekten, Merano » Client: Parish of St. Antonius the Abbot and St. Nikolaus » Construction Period: 2000 – 2003 » built-over area: 890 m² » Construction volume: 8.400 m³ » 1st Prizewinner at 3rd South Tyrolean Architecture Awards

The architects decided on an almost self-contained structure that does not give rise to any sacred associations from the outside. It is subordinate to the old church structure, separated by a glass connection through which the north façade of the church can be seen. You enter the church as before through the main entrance in the old west façade and through a side entrance in the south, which offers a more interesting spatial experience in the axial relation to the new structure.

Messner Mountain Museum, Sigmundskron castle, Firmian Sigmundskron Castle – or “the enchanted mountain”, as mountaineer Reinhold Messner likes to call the largest castle ruins in South Tyrol on the northern tip of the Mitterberg between Etsch and Überetsch.

The enchanted mountain was probably protected with a walled fort even back in prehistoric times. One of the castles built to protect the most important connection between North and South in the Middle Ages, Sigmundskron was first the seat of the bishops of Trient and later of the counts of Tyrol. During the disputes with Venice in 1473, Duke Sigismund “rich in coins” purchased the castle and transformed it using the newest defense technology into an extensive fortification. Most of the old castle was torn down. » Architecture: Werner Tscholl, Morter » Client: Autonomous Province of Bolzano, South Tyrol & Reinhold Messner » Construction Period: 2005

Sigmundskron achieved great symbolic political value in our times, when Silvius Magnago, who would later become the president of the South Tyrolean government, demanded autonomy for South Tyrol with the slogan “Away from Trient” at a large rally in 1957. For many years, the ruins were unused until Reinhold Messner succeeded in having it made available by the province of South Tyrol as the main site of his five planned museums, already achieved in Sulden, Juval, and Monte Rite.

In the Messner Mountain Museum at Sigmundskron Castle, everything is about the mountains –models, sculptures, objects from expeditions, and photographs convey the fascination of the mountains. But even those who are less fascinated by this subject should see Sigmundskron Castle because of the unique quality of the new additions.

The architects were requested to retain the historic walls and be able to reverse all changes made at any time. The new architecture recedes into the background. Pipes, electricity and water lines are just as invisible from the exterior as the glass roofs on the towers. Steel, glass, and iron are used as modern, yet timeless materials.

The ruins of the castle were reduced to the essentials, later, unimportant additions were removed, and necessary additions were made with great sensitivity. The existing structure was weatherproofed, so to speak. The actual center of the site, the ruins of a chapel at the highest point on a porphyry cliff was separated – it is not accessible to the public, a stark monument on its own.

All fixtures needed for the museum – girders, sections, extruded metal – were made of untreated, slowly corroding steel. All new elements were added at a distance from the old walls. The distance and the use of material that is less permanent than stone give the observer the impression that the new elements from our time can be taken away again when the castle is to serve a new purpose – but that the castle itself will remain as it has for centuries. At the same time, the fragile-looking metal bridges, spiral staircases, exhibition levels, railings, etc. are subordinate to the museum function so that they appear to be quite natural and unobtrusive.*

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Awards: 2006 Architecture award of the city of Oderzo;

2008 International builders award Dedalo Minosse

Terlan Winery, Terlan In 1893 the Terlan winery was established as one of the oldest winemaking cooperatives – in the same year as the neighbouring Andrian winery on the west side of the Etsch valley. In 2007 the two wineries were joined, one reason for expanding Terlan as the joint winery.

Recommendation: Quarz Sauvignon blanc 2009 This temperamental mineral wine with the spicy-salty touch of nettles, elderberry, and apricot aromas grows on quartz/porphyry.*

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Wine From the founding generation of 24 winegrowers in 1893, the winery today has some 100 members with approximately 150 hectares under cultivation with a production of 11,000 hl and 1.2 million bottles. White and red wines constitute about half the production each; they all have the DOC designation of origin for the three quality lines of classical wines from the traditional red and white South Tyrolean grape varieties, among which the Terlaner and Weißburgunder have a top spot. The wineries whose wines stem from selected Terlan special locations and are fermented and matured in large wooden casks and finally selected from the best locations for maturing in the barrique. The selections such as “Quarz” Terlaner Sauvignon and “Porphyr” Lagrein are not only the top quality of the winery but are also among the best wines in South Tyrol, with a pronounced complexity and long life – as proven by the bottles stored for decades in the “treasure chamber”.

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»A rchitecture: arch.TV – Trojer, Vonmetz Architekten, Terlan » Client: Kellerei Terlan » Construction Period: 2007 – 2009

The architects’ project was selected by means of an invitational competition, as they had discussed retaining the old substance. The structure from the earliest period kept its characteristic appearance, but was give another function by adding a vinothek and administration rooms. The former main entrance became the starting point for a pathway leading through the courtyard over the roof of the new structure made of glass panes in Corten steel frames that channel light down to the multi-level pathways lying below that connect the old and new cellars. The courtyard as the central reception area is also flanked by a tower clad in Corten steel and an elevator, which is like an exclamation point forming a “landmark” approximately in the middle of the complex. A one-story glazed pavilion with the staircase down to the new cellar is also inviting. The characteristic material of the new structure is announced here: reddish porphyry from the neighbouring cliffs. The lovely detail and elegant water basin is made of it and it was also used to line the masterpiece of the winery – the large barrique cellar including the ceiling. All the technical systems are cunningly hidden behind it and lighting is integrated into it. A very elegant room for elegant wines. Thanks to the central axis of the pathways, orientation in the lower levels of the winery is surprisingly easy, one of the pathways was even made through an existing concrete fermentation cavern – walking through the inside of a cask is an astonishing spatial experience. Integrating the large structure was also aided by planting some areas with vine stocks.*

Fri-El hangar at the airport, Bolzano The hangar is the basis of a jet service company. Three to four business jets are accommodated in a structure covering 1,600 sq. meters. In addition to the hangar there is a three-floor administration building. It holds service rooms, offices, a multi-function room, and a pilot’s lounge. Accommodations for pilots and staff are planned. Completion is scheduled for October 2010.

» Architecture: Lukas Burgauner, Bolzano » Client: Fri-El Green Power AG » Construction Period: 2009 – 2010

Höller KG, Laives In 1975 the company moved to the new hall (1,250 m²) in Laives. In 985 the increase in orders made it necessary to add on 750 m² and build a silo. After another extension and construction of the second silo in 1991, the company reached its present size of 3,600 m². In 2007 an adjacent property was purchased to expand the production hall. An architecture competition to build the new administration was held which was won by the Wimmer-Armellini architects from Bregenz.

» Architecture: Architekten Wimmer-Armellini – Peter Wimmer, Ute Wimmer-Armellini, Bregenz (Competition) » Client: Firma Höller KG » Construction Period: 2007-2012

From the jury report: “A building will be constructed that is characterized by impressive openness. A broad empty expanse forms the middle whose lightness attracts visitors and welcomes them in a friendly way. The central spatial sequence – an atrium combined with a two-story exhibition hall – has great potential for demonstrating the competence of Höller KG “... consummate space”. The concept responds masterfully to the absence of attractive outside and inside space, a feature of peripheral commercial zones.

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The structure of the building is spacious, clear, and makes orientation easy. The development is not only compelling, but varied as well. It never conveys the impression of constriction. This is not only a plus for customers, but contributes to a pleasant working atmosphere as well. The integration of the existing building was also successful.

The principle of openness is apparent everywhere. The wide projecting roof creates a transition between inside and outside, which is a somewhat unexpected enhancement in this commercial district marked by hermetic façades. This inviting gesture reflects the company’s open spirit. The showroom is lighted from behind through the atrium, making the high windows seem transparent in real life as well and there is an optimal view through to the atrium. Well planned views also enhance the impression of openness and establish a feeling of space that is created, for example, from the specific view into the workshop and a strategically positioned opening to the north along the structure that borders the back of the atrium.”

Theiner’s Garten Bio Vitalhotel, Gargazon The Bio Vitalhotel “Theiner‘s Garten” is the first hotel in Europe that has completed the entire certification process for sustainable hotels. The hotel consumes only 1/15 of the CO2 of a conventional hotel of the same category.

Climate policy is implemented here, not just discussed. The corresponding proof of quality was developed by the KlimaHaus agency of South Tyrol on the basis of many years of experience in building certification. It is intended to be an easily understood instrument for planning and assessing.

»A rchitecture: baukraft Architektur, Dominik Rieder and Georg Rubner, Brixen » Client: Walter Theiner » Construction Period: 2008 – 2009 » Volume: ca. 22.000 m³

The concept is based on the conviction and attitudes of the owner and his family for living an organic, ecologically sustainable life. The guest can enjoy healthy living and the amenities of a 4 star luxury hotel as well. The hotel would like to do away with the prejudice that healthy living must automatically be associated with doing without. The hotel was built using ecological construction techniques, using wood without glue or nails.

District Vocational School, Bolzan0 Town planning considerations determine the external appearance of the new school.

Three parallel blocks of various lengths and heights form the basis of the school complex. Between the first and second block, there is an entrance hall with the gymnasium located underneath and two access towers. Blocks two and three are connected by steel bridges with glazed façades designed by the Viennese artist Heimo Zobernig.

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The most important materials for the façades are fair face concrete, steel, and glass.

Gypsum board was used in the interior area, making it very comfortable with optimal acoustics in the classrooms.

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»A rchitecture: Höller & Klotzner Architekten, Merano » Client: Autonomous Province of Bolzano, South Tyrol » Competition: 2001 » Construction Period: 2001 – 2007 » Built-over area: 7.200 m² » Volume: 137.000 m³

A two-story open portico leads from the road to the main entrance into the four-story entrance hall, flooded with light and with a view of the surrounding pathways, two open stairwells, and two glassed-in elevators. A simple orientation system enables the 120 teachers and approx. 1,000 students to find their way easily in the seven-story school building. The middle block has a roof terrace on the fourth floor and is used as a break area.

Between cellar and goblet

Grapes have been cultivated in South Tyrol for over two thousand years. “Rhetian wine” was valued in the Roman Era. Before South Tyrol was annexed by Italy after World War I, the cultivated area was still about 10,000 hectares. Then, with the loss of the Austrian market and development in agricultural areas in recent decades, the cultivated area was reduced to about 5,000 hectares. Less than 1% of Italian wines come from South Tyrol, Italy’s smallest wine-growing region. However, over 20 varieties are grown here that measure up to the top wines in Italy.

For many companies, growing grapes has become a side business. They no longer make wine themselves, but sell the grapes to cooperatives and private wineries. But recently, more and more wine growers are trying their luck as vintners. Acquiring land by purchasing or leasing it gave rise to larger vineyards that make it possible to produce their own wines. These small producers are thus, after the cooperatives (60 % of production) and the private wineries (30 % of production), the third group of South Tyrolean wine producers.

Since the 1970s, a new generation of ambitious, highly qualified wine makers has brought about a transformation from quantity to quality. Compared with the small area under cultivation, South Tyrol wines receive the most awards in all of Italy, especially for wines made from the indigenous white and red varieties such as Gewürztraminer, Vernatsch, and Lagrein. The special climatic conditions contribute to this – warm days are followed by cool nights, slowing down the metabolism of the grapes and leading to a harmonious maturity. The wind through the valleys provides good ventilation. Almost all of the vineyards use drip irrigation because of the low precipitation and 300 days of sun. The soil quality – the “terroir” – in South Tyrol has striking differences with porphyry in the Bolzano basin, quartz phyllite in the Eisack valley, and dolomite and sandy marl in the lower locations that give the wine fine mineral minerality.

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South Tyrol

If there is such a thing as a “typical” South Tyrolean wine, it would have a fine fruitiness ranging from the delicate apple and pear tone of Weißburgunder to the almond aroma and violet fragrance of Vernatsch wines to the cherry aroma with spicy notes of the Blauburgunder. The simple wines are uncomplicated and are enjoyed young. But even the full-bodied, dark red wines and cuvées from Blauburgunder, Merlot, Cabernet, and Lagrein, which mature after fermentation in barrique casks and have a long life, have been produced in recent years.

For white wines, in addition to the varieties Weißburgunder, Müller-Thurgau, Kerner, Veltliner, and Silvaner, a new prime class has arisen with Gewürztraminer, Sauvignon, Chardonnay, and most recently Riesling as well, which is one of the best in Italy especially because of its fruity freshness. Incidentally, the oldest grapevine in South Tyrol is around 350 years old. This is the old white wine variety Versoaln, which is cultivated at Katzenzungen Castle near Prissian under the patronage of the Gardens of Trauttmansdorff Castle.*

Land of Enjoyment

Spaghetti or Knödel?

The South Tyrolean cuisine combines the influences the original peasant fare with those of the German and Italian speaking neighbours to a variety with special features. Pasta dishes and dumplings are not exclusive of each other, but form a seductive juxtaposition.

In addition to the “German” one-plate meals, the Italian tradition with “antipasto” (appetizer), “primo” (first course), “secondo” (main course), and “dolce”(dessert) is also common – the pasta is then usually the first course.

The warm appetizers include noodles of all kinds – spaghetti, tagliatelle, tortellini, ravioli or the South Tyrolean version “Schlutzkrapfen” (pastry filled with spinach and quark) – and the classic of South Tyrolean cuisine, the Knödel (dumpling). This might be a bacon or liver dumpling in bouillon, “Tris” (one bacon, one cheese, and one spinach dumpling with melted butter and Parmesan), or a bread dumpling with roast or smoked meat and kraut.

One speciality of the South Tyrolean cuisine is the “Marende”, an afternoon snack. This consists of hearty cheese or South Tyrolean bacon – chopped finely or in one piece. The quality seal for this lightly smoked raw ham is the protected designation of origin “South Tyrolean Bacon GGA“ (protected geographical designation).

Bacon is often also served for Törggelen. Törggelen gets its name from the old wooden grape press, Torggl, and is associated with a trip to the wine taverns of the winegrowers at harvest time, where in addition to bacon and wine, roasted chestnuts, smoked sausage, Schlutzkrapfen, pork ribs, homemade garlic-scented sausage or smoked pork loin, both with kraut, and finally Tyrolean gray cheese prepared with onions, vinegar, and oil are served. There is also a remarkable variety of bread, from Vinschger Paarlen made of rye and baked in pairs, Pusterer Breatln of rye or wheat flour, to the crisp, hard Schüttelbrot or the Italian varieties such as unsalted Tuscan white bread.

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The eating establishments in South Tyrol have a wide range of offers – from modern bars where you can get together for a quick espresso or prosecco, to cozy coffee houses to elegant wine bars with a large selection of wines, from pizzerias to wine taverns and typical local guesthouses to luxury restaurants where almost seventy award-winning chefs creatively and successfully refine South Tyrolean cuisine using local products and recipes (see “GaultMillau 2010” restaurant guide, South Tyrol edition).*

South Tyrol

The desserts such as Kaiserschmarren or quark or apricot dumplings have an air of the Danube monarchy. In the fall, desserts such as chestnut rice and prior to Christmas, stollen and fruit bread and the juicy “tents” with raisins, dates, dried figs, nuts, and pine nuts are a treat. You have a choice of apple strudel, buckwheat cake, and other delights to go with your afternoon coffee. At local village fests the air is filled with the delightful scent of South Tyrolean crullers.

Norbert Niederkofler | www.n-n.it | Moccaria in the Kurhaus | Merano » 1987-1990 Restaurant Kurhausstüberl, Waging am See (1 Michelin star), chef de partie, entremetier, gardemanier, poissonnier » 1991 Restaurant Jörg Müller, Sylt (1 Michelin star) » 1992 Restaurant Aubergine Eckart Witzigmann, Munich (3 Michelin stars), saucier » 1994 Hotel Rosa Alpina » Since 1996 Restaurant St. Hubertus » Since 2000 Realis & Chateaux » 2000 1 Michelin star » 2003 – 2007 3 Frochette von Gambero Rosso, 17 points in the Giuda del Espresso, Gault Millau 3 toques 18 points » 2004 – 2008 Restaurant with the highest awards in South Tyrol » Sept. 2005 Restaurant of the month from “Der Feinschmecker” magazine » Oct. 2006 Awarded the first “The Rising Star” prize, given by Stefanie of Monaco, from the “Relais & Chateaux” group in Monte Carlo » Nov. 2006 Awarded two Michelin stars, first time given in South Tyrol and Trentino

“At age 18, I had a big goal – I wanted to see the world. And I had a second, much more modest goal – I wanted to be a chef. With a great deal of discipline, I succeeded in combining my two wishes. I experienced failures and successes. The latter stem from my clear ideals and goals and through striving to test myself every day and trying to be modest. My reward is that I can now do what I enjoy, as my work is my hobby and my philosophy of life.”

Restaurant: St. Hubertus in Hotel Rosa Alpina Cook books: St. Hubertus - Kochen mit Norbert Niederkofler. 2003 (ISBN: 8882662411),

St. Hubertus and the Flavor of the Dolomites. 2006 (ISBN: 8879062964),

Dinner at Loacker Moccaria, 10 June 2010 Menu » Melanzane and grilled pepperonis with mousse of fresh goat cheese and herbs » Filet of beef cooked in mountain hay in a salt crust with oven vegetable and red wine sauce » Iced apple strudel

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South Tyrol

Wines » 2009 Chardonnay Salt, E&N Winery » 2008 Blauburgunder, Merano Winery

indulgence

Menu from 12 June 2010 | Willi Winkler, Creafood | Bolzano

Pink roasted saddle of venison Ingredients for 6 people: » 600 g saddle of venison, trimmed » Approx. 10 juniper berries » Rosemary, thyme » Salt, freshly ground pepper » Some oil for searing

South Tyrolean cheese dumplings Ingredients for 6 persons (18 dumplings): » 250 g bread » 50 g onions » 30 g butter » 15 g mixed cheeses (hearty) » 3 eggs » 100 ml milk » 1 T flour » 3 T parsley » Chives, finely chopped » Salt, pepper

Directions: » Season the venison with salt and pepper, sear it on both sides in hot oil, place the crushed juniper berries, rosemary, and thyme on it, and cook in a preheated 120° C oven for 20 minutes » Take the venison out of the oven, let it rest for a while and then heat it up in hot oil with fresh herbs just before serving. » Cut in thick slices » Serve with game sauce and sides

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South Tyrol

Directions: » Sautee the finely chopped onions in butter until they are golden » Mix the onions with milk and eggs » Dice the cheese and add it with flour and fresh herbs to the spiced bread » Add the eggs, milk, and onions and mix everything carefully » Shape balls about 7 cm in diameter » Boil in salt water about 15 min. » Sprinkle with Parmesan and chives and drizzle browned butter on them

Wine recommendations from Tramin winery In the cradle of Gewürztraminer, the sub-Mediterranean climate and large temperature differences between day and night give rise to the unmistakable aromatic wines of the Tramin winery.

Small-scale agriculture and the association of 280 winegrowers guarantee optimal conditions for production and highest quality.

NUSSBAUMER Gewürztraminer Designation: South Tyrol DOC Year: 2009 Grape variety: Gewürztraminer Vineyard: All grapes for our Gewürztraminer come from Söll near Tramin. The Söll location extends above the town of Tramin at an altitude of about 350 m to 550, at the foot of the mountain range around Mount Roen. In addition, the entire region is ventilated daily during the growing period by the “ora” wind, which comes from Garda Lake in the south and reaches the vineyard every day in the early afternoon.

Sensory characteristics: The name Nussbaumer comes from the growing region, the Nussbaumerhof in Söll, which is one of the oldest farms in Tramin with a 700-yearold tradition of grape cultivation. The wine has an intense straw yellow colour. In the glass, it develops aromas of rose petals, cinnamon, tropical fruits, and cloves. A rather high alcohol content and the relatively low acid level give the Nussbaumer its special taste.

Recommendation: We recommendation mature soft cheese and goose live paté.

It also goes well with lobster and shrimp as well as with spicy Asian dishes.

Serving temperature: 12 14° C Alcohol: 14.70 %

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South Tyrol

Bottle size: 0.75 l | 1.5 l magnum

indulgence

URBAN Lagrein Designation: South Tyrol DOC Year: 2007 Variety: Lagrein Vineyards: The grapes for Lagrein Urban stem from vineyards around the Urbanhof in Vill near Neumarkt and Auer. Grapes have been cultivated at this farm for over 200 years and its soil is excellent for this variety. This hillside location is about 235 m above sea level.

Sensory characteristics: Lagrein is an indigenous South Tyrolean variety with a ruby to dark red colour. It has a fragrance of violets and blackberries and has a full, velvety taste with slightly tart notes.

Recommendation: We recommend serving Lagrein with game, grilled red meat, and fried fish and hard cheese.

Serving temperature: 18-20° C Alcohol: 13.60 %

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South Tyrol

Bottle size: 0.75 l | 1.5 l magnum

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Workshops

Workshops

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Workshops

Workshop 1: Architecture in Alpine areas - commercial and industrial areas Moderators

» Dipl.-Ing. Lisa Kofink EURAC research, Institute for Regional Development and Location Management, Bolzano

Mentors

» Dipl. Arch. ETH Jürg Ragettli | Publicist, Docent, President of the Bündner Heimatschutz

» March(BI) Dott. Arch. DI Martin Mutschlechner www.stadtlabor.org, Innsbruck | managing director

» Daniel Zwangsleitner EURAC research

» Hannes Auer

Auroport, Brunico | Responsible for planning and development

» Ursula Faix

bad architects group, Innsbruck | Partner

» Jens-Peter Frahm SCHWEGER ASSOCIATED ARCHITECTS GmbH, Hamburg | Partner

» Klaus Höller Höller KG, Laives | owner and managing director

» Dipl.-Ing. Solweig Kieser | Burkhalter Sumi Architekten, Zurich | Project Management

» Christian Krapf

Duka, Brixen | business operations Sanika

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Workshops

Participants

» Heinrich Geier Erlacher Innenausbau, Barbiano/Ponte Gardena | Marketing | Sales and distribution International

» Architekt RIBA Stephen Williams | Stephen Williams Associates, Hamburg | Owner

» Dipl.-Ing. Johannes Wohofsky | balloon_ Wohofsky ZT-KG, Graz | Shareholder

» Astrid Piber UN Studio, Amsterdam | Partner

» Arch. Dipl.-Ing.Thomas Pucher | Atelier Thomas Pucher, Graz | Owner and Managing director

Workshops

» Dipl.-Ing. Ernst Panse Landschaftsarchitektur Panse, Bautzen | Managing Director

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» Dipl. Arch. ETH SIA Andreas Elmar Müller Müller & Truniger Architekten, Zurich | Partner

Workshop 1: Architecture in Alpine areas - commercial and industrial areas Topic: Commercial areas are designated and developed by communities. For years, many South Tyrolean communities have had a tendency to make too much space available for commercial purposes. In some of these communities, a reallocation of these spaces is currently taking place.

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WORKSHOPS

The possibility of building employee housing on commercial premises has led to increased residential use of commercial zones in South Tyrol, but without the appropriate infrastructure and integration into the original village structure. The narrow valleys are one reason for the uncontrolled encroachment of commercial zones up to the borders of communities. The increase in vacancies leads to loss of attractiveness of commercial zones. Especially in regions where the available usable space is limited – 5 % of the total area of South Tyrol – it is necessary to deal wisely with this valuable resource. To make the population aware of this topic, recommendations should be compiled derived from observations of the existing situation.

» View of Bolzano from Sigmundskron Castle

The objectives of this workshop are:

» Aerial view of Bolzano facing north

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WORKSHOPS

» Upgrade the potential around industrial and mixed-use zones » How is “upgrade” defined? » What measures can be used to achieve it? » Definition of tolerable volume of building in commercial areas?

Workshop 1: Architecture in Alpine areas - commercial and industrial areas Group Daniel Zwangsleitner: The example of Kardaun industrial park at the Bolzano Nord autobahn exit Participants: Hannes Auer | Ursula Faix | Christian Krapf | Daniel Zwangsleitner Initial situation The Kardaun industrial park was established at the initiative of entrepreneurs from the Eggen valley and was executed at the entrance to the Eggen valley because of the better accessibility and more available space. It is currently well occupied. The object studied is located within the boundaries of the community of Kardaun north of the provincial capital in Bolzano and has 21,500 square meters of usable space. Due to its location at the northern edge of Bolzano, directly on a state highway and autobahn ramp, visible from afar, the area has added significance as the first impression of the city of Bolzano. The industrial park, far from residential areas, could be constructed only with the aid of elaborate slope preparation of the steep north face, previously covered with woods and vineyards.

SWOT analysis The team first discussed the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the Kardaun industrial park. The architecture was not discussed in the workshop in the sense of an appraisal or assessment of taste. The SWOT analysis allowed a good understanding of the qualities or inadequacies of the project.

Strengths » Compact design » Good accessibility for vehicle traffic » Cycling route available » Commercial zone for several communities » Does not damage any townscape » From an entrepreneurial viewpoint: low-cost location Weaknesses » Small size of the zone » Few expansion options » Slope / landscape not given enough consideration » Promotes overdevelopment » Ruins landscape Opportunities » Customer acquisition due to heterogenous offer

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Workshops

Threats » Future development may be jeopardized by fixed structure

» Kardaun industrial park

Recommendation for upgrading the object In the discussion of the SWOT analysis, it was determined that the human factor was not taken into consideration in this industrial park. It seems that the complex was designed only because of the location. Fixed structures and non-existent expansion options rule out the sustainable economic development of the complex from the start. Upgrading is therefore oriented mainly to the needs of the users of this business park.

For employees » More eating establishments within walking distance » Design and integrate recreational areas For deliverers » Design and improve waiting zone For entrepreneurs » Master plan for expansion For visitors (tourism, etc.) » Improve external design (view from above, etc.)

General guidelines for establishing an industrial park in a natural area If we analyze the individual industrial parks, we come to the same results for all of them. Sustainable overall planning does not take place due to the pressure of the existing economic situation. No consideration is given to the processes taking place in the buildings for the potential for profitable use at the time planning is made or in the future.

The team therefore compiled general guidelines that can lead to a higher quality of the project in a deliberate planning process:

» Involve landscape architects from the beginning » Require and promote competitions » Compile a site assessment report » Do not base access only on private motorized individuals » Enable horizontal and vertical mixed usage » Improve the quality of surroundings

» Aerial view of Kardaun industrial park

» Kardaun industrial park – view from the other side of the valley

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Workshops

For customers » Improve orientation with a guidance system

Workshop 1: Architecture in Alpine areas - commercial and industrial areas group Lisa Kofink: “The New Unten” – Visions for Bolzano South Participants: Heinrich Geier | Klaus Höller | Lisa Kofink | Thomas Pucher | Stephen Williams | Johannes Wohofsky

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Workshops

Initial situation Bolzano South is the largest commercial and industrial zone in South Tyrol. It covers almost the same size as the rest of the city of Bolzano and is the first part of the town seen by new arrivals coming from the south. In addition to a few heavy industry businesses (steel), mainly processing is done. However, there are also service providers, retail, and technology-oriented businesses.

In recent years, Bolzano South has become an attractive location for leisure businesses (bars, discos). The area has a high level of soil sealing; it also has a climatically unfavorable location, as it also warms the hot southerly winds before they reach the city center. The area has optimal accessibility, both for individual traffic and public transportation.

» Bolzano South industrial zone

Challenge The task facing the team was formulated as follows: Plan and design a new district of Bolzano that meets the needs of the industrial heritage and does justice to the social and architectural variety of the city.

Vision In the discussion, the working group chose to concentrate on the aspects of economy, society, and urban planning from the broad scope of the task.

Under the demand – From Post-Industrialism to “Süd-Tirolism” – guidelines were drawn up based on the objectives that looked at the existing situation and then defined the process and pointed out options for communication.

The south of Bolzano is still “the” location, given the need for large space for commercial and industrial use. This means that the economic aspect is also a primary consideration when redesigning the area. The goal should be to promote sustainable economic feasibility without damaging the immediate economic feasibility. In the discussion, no hierarchy was specified, but it was determined that all three levels (economy, society, and urban planning) should be addressed equally.

Ultimately, in a multifaceted society, people bring life even to industrial zones and by enjoying the time they spend there, they contribute to a qualitative upgrading of the area. The goal should be to enhance the quality with a “mixed culture” of living, working, leisure, and cultural variety. The existing structures are currently marked by a negative industrial image, which is slowly but surely being infused with a positive subculture. In addition, in South Tyrol, the separation between the German and the Italian culture still exists. The formation of a mixed culture could be the basis for a “global village”, both from the social and urban planning standpoint. However, this experiment in progress must be guided appropriately in order to communicate the resulting new feel of this district.

The process of a new vision “The New Unten” is initiated by urban development changes. This urban development process can begin by converting industrial buildings to industrial landmarks with open uses (housing in a historical building). Crucial for sustainable projects is a long-term perspective for short- and mid-tem use (monitoring, project support). Dealing with public and private spaces must be the focus. Vertical spatial planning will play an increasingly important role when there is less available space. This can be the starting point for developing a future-oriented building typology.

Undoubtedly a favorable starting point for communicating a “hip new district”, for discovering new living spaces.

Economy

Society

Urban/Spatial Planning

Objective

Sustainable feasibility Immediate feasibility

Quality of life “mixed culture” Housing-working-leisure Cultural variety

Variety of uses Overlapping uses

Existing Building

Subsidized “ Negative” industrial image (heavy indus30% vacancies try moving out) Program: airport, fairs, shopping, offices, “Positive” subculture (scope) increasing trades, heavy industry, discos, events Cultural division Ger/Ital = mixed usage

Central location | Clear borders Good infrastructure Lack of green areas High soil sealing Negative impact on climate in city center

Process „The New Unten“

Concentration on mixed markets with Mixed culture Ger+Ital high quality products “Global Village” experiment in progress

Urban planning = process Change from industrial buildings to industrial landmarks with open uses (living in a historic building) Long term perspectives for short- and medium-tem use (monitoring, project support) Vertical spatial planning Dealing with free space Experimental building typologies

Communication

“A Company from South Tyrol” (umbrella New feeling of life brand)

Hip district “ From Post-Industrialism to Süd-Tirolism” Discovering new living space

Workshops

Urban and spatial planning form the environment for repositioning the industrial zone with the goal of variety and overlapping different uses. The central location of the area with its clear borders and appropriate infrastructure for the requirements, the lack of green areas, and the ensuing high soil sealing and negative influence on the climate in the center of Bolzano (see Workshop 3) are the existing conditions.

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This location is currently subsidized to counteract the high vacancy rate of 30 % of the space. The main commercial use of the area is for trade, industry, commerce, fairs, services, and discos. The transformation process is concentrated on diversifying the already existing “mixed market” with high quality, local products. The communication of the location can be made under a mutual umbrella brand “A company from South Tyrol”.

Workshop 1: Architecture in Alpine areas - commercial and industrial areas group Jürg Ragettli: South Tyrol is a region of villages Participants: Jens-Peter Frahm | Solweig Kieser | Andreas E. Müller | Martin Mutschlechner | Ernst Panse | Armin Strickner

Starting point The subject and starting point of the observations is the village of Andrian between Bolzano and Terlan on the western side of the Passer valley. A town with a heterogeneous village structures, several centers of settlement, and isolated buildings surrounded by orchards and vineyards on the gentle slopes, in the center the cooperative winery, in the lower parts of the village are the fruit cooperative halls.

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Workshops

Introduction The object for this topic is a commercial building at the foot of the village of Andrian, which is mostly vacant and should now be used with clever ideas such as “temporary living”. The focus of discussions quickly spread to the structures of the entire village. The discussions between foreign and local architects and “commercial parties” yielded a proposition and a recommendation.

» Aerial view of Andrian

Comment The unsatisfactory commercial building at the lower entrance to the village is disastrous because its size does not integrate it into the town and its mediocre shape disfigures the town’s appearance, but it is not a symptom of completely faulty structures. A commercial structure could even be appropriate at this location if it were operationally and structurally plausible and were handled with a view to town planning and architecture.

Observation There is a certain extent of sprawl, the heterogeneous structures are mostly based in and have grown out of agricultural development. Many of the building and agricultural/commercial structures are appropriate. The basic components are proper and fitting.

Proposition: South Tyrol is a region of villages!

This proposition was discussed in the working group. The group was aware of the following situation: The village is the starting point and core of the prosperity in South Tyrol.

A mixture of housing and workplace. A concept for success. The details of social and economic structures are still mainly intact. Crafts and agriculture are rooted in firm structures; they have their own place and potential for development. The infrastructure for daily life, such as the indispensable grocery store, is present. The village has the potential of a local entity with global perspectives.

Based on this proposition, the group made the following recommendation:

Recommendation: The certificate / label SÜDTIROLER DORF© (South Tyrolean village) A label to reinforce and develop the structural and regional, sociocultural, and economic identity. The SÜDTIROLER DORF© must fulfill certain criteria with respect to its economic, sociocultural, structural, and regional qualities.

The “cittaslow” concept established in Italy in 1999 based on the slowfood movement (www.cittaslow.info) can be a guideline for this.

A requirements profile must be defined for planning. Deliberate town planning and celebrated urbanization can be the concepts for specific development. The limits of building and neuralgic points must be defined, as they form the image of the town.

» The trading centre in Andrian in the rural environment

» The trading centre in Andrian

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Workshops

The village is the wrong place for speculative construction of unnecessary commercial buildings. If a commercial/industrial structure has not been used within a certain period of about 5 years, it should be torn down.

Workshop 1: Architecture in Alpine areas - commercial and industrial areas

Conclusion How will commercial zones and industrial estates look in the future? How will a sustainable mixture of economic growth and protection of nature be achieved? The first workshop dealt with a fundamental problem of the Alpine region. High value creation and a high level of innovation in a prospering economy meet the natural limits of growth. Only around five percent of the land in South Tyrol is available for building on and this space must be shared by inhabitants, tourism, agriculture, and business.

An initial analysis showed how fragile the balance of nature, infrastructure, commerce, agriculture, and man has become. This requires new thinking and planning beyond the borders of the communities. Industrial zones must be developed jointly in the future.

Instead of parochialism, the constrictions and a mixture of uses should be the incentive for over arching regional planning.

Tolerable building capacity in industrial areas goes beyond the bare figures and volumes, it does not come about until nature is recognized as a resource and included in the planning context. Instead of allowing industrial zones to sprawl and lead to conflicts between industry and nature, man and agriculture, in South Tyrol development opportunities arise only in the interaction of all forces.

South Tyrol is the region of villages. Compact and open to the world, embedded in nature and tradition.

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Workshops

In the future, the “SĂźdtiroler Dorfâ€? as a brand name should provide impulses for integrative building and thinking in the Alps. It reinforces the structural, regional, sociocultural, and economic identity and develops it further.

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Workshops

Workshop 2: Urban sprawl of village structures and natural spaces

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Workshops

Moderators

Mentors

Participants

» Arch. Gerd Bergmeister bergmeisterwolf architekten, Brixen | Shareholder

» Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Arch.

Thomas Ebner | Division 28 - Nature and Landscape, Autonomous Province of Bolzano South Tyrol

» Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Ruth Berktold MSc. | Yes Architecture, Munich, Graz | Shareholder

» Dietmar Auer auroport GmbH, Brunico | Owner and Managing Director

» Josef Blasbichler

Duka, Brixen | managing director Sanika

» Prof. Dr.-Ing. Matthias Castorph | Goetz Hootz Castorph Architekten & Stadtplaner GmbH, Munich | Shareholder

» Dipl.-Ing. Architekt Olaf Arne Drehsen

JSWD ARCHITEKTEN GmbH & Co. KG, Cologne | Shareholder

»

Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Manfred Ehrle | Arcass Freie Architekten BDA, Stuttgart | Partner

» Thomas Erlacher Erlacher Innenausbau, Barbiano / Ponte Gardena |Owner and Managing Director

» DI ERNST GISELBRECHT Ernst Giselbrecht + Partner Architektur ZT GmbH, Graz | Owner

» Dipl.-Ing. Innenarchitektur Ulrike Graefenhain | nps tchoban voss, Berlin | Project Management

» Heiner Grewsmühl

petersen pörksen partner architekten + stadtplaner Bda, Lübeck, Hamburg | Project Management

» D ipl.-Ing. Nina Hambrusch Architects Collectives, Vienna | Project Management

» Dipl.-Ing. Robert Haranza | Querkraft Architekten ZT GmbH, Vienna | Project Management

» Dipl.-Ing. Raffaela Hoffmann | Architektur Hoffmann, Meschede | Owner

» Dipl.-Ing. Innenarchitektur Veronika Kammerer | Studio Lot, Munich, altötting | Partner

» Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Doris Lischnewski | AĞirbas Wienstroer Architektur & Stadtplanung, Neuss | Project Management

» Dipl.-Ing. Arch. Martin Maxa | h4a Gessert + Randecker Architekten BDA, Stuttgart | Project Management

» Dipl.-Ing. Architekt Jörg Müller | Auer + Weber + Assoziierte, Stuttgart | Partner

» Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Monika Obermüller | Büro für Architektur Monika Obermüller, Waldkirchen | Shareholder

» Dipl. Ing. Jörg Radloff Fink & Jocher Archi tekten und Stadtplaner, Munich | Project Management

» Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Stephanie Reichl | Brückner & Brückner, Tirschenreuth | Project Management

» Gert Lanz Lanz Metall, Toblach | Owner

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» Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Groser DFA | Dietmar Feichtinger Architectes, Vienna | Project Management

Workshops

Participants

Workshop 2: Urban sprawl of village structures and natural spaces Topic:

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Workshops

Vibrant long-term settlement spaces need opportunities for development on the one hand and on the other hand, changes should not destroy the character of a town or existing values, but develop them positively where ever possible. In mountainous regions such as the Alps, settlement and natural spaces are intertwined more than in other areas and influence the mutual perception of each other. Building development is always town and nature development at the same time. Large-scale developments in the town and natural space therefore change the character and value of entire regions permanently.

The objectives of this workshop are: » Using the example of the “viles” (typical compact settlement structure in Ladin valleys), should options for an integral development of settlement and natural spaces be planned? » What parameters can be defined for the originality of a village structure, a natural area? » What role do building structures play today, what attention is paid to them in village centers, residential areas, trade zones? » In many areas, economic feasibility requires a large building. What ratios of building volume and nature are tolerable? What forms of linkage are conceivable?

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Workshops

The participants of the workshop were divided into three groups: The first group – again divided into three sub-groups – dealt with the topic “further construction”, the second with the topic “stables”, and the third with the topic “hotel”.

Workshop 2: Urban sprawl of village structures and natural spaces Topic 1: “Further construction” Group 1 Participants: Ruth Berktold (mentor) | Veronika Kammerer | Gert Lanz | Jakob Meraner | Stephanie Reichl

Group 2 Participants: Matthias Castorph | Thomas Erlacher | Robert Haranza | Jörg Müller | Jörg Radloff

The group made an analysis of deficits and potential under the heading “Cooperation Viles”. Assessed as deficits were: the profitability of agriculture, (mass) tourism, partition of real estate (division of property among all heirs), the distances to the center and the infrastructure and traffic associated with them, and migration of young people away from villages.

This group came to the conclusion that the future for the “viles” lies in “neighbourly growth”.

The potential of the “viles” lies in living quality, intact nature, cohesive village community with familiar traditions, the additional income from handicraftstourism-agriculture, and the existing traditional village structures.

The group developed visions, the realization of which were begun immediately – further construction in the “viles”, always starting from the center, in the form of sensitive retroactive densification in order to retain the authentic village structure. Revitalize and reinvigorate the town, promote the return of inhabitants and prevent emigration. Make new developments possible and facilitate mixed usage.

Irrespective of the actual ownership situation, every building lies in the center of a “force field circle”. The buildings are defined by the tasks they must fulfill, which determine the volume, the distance from one another, and topography. Overlaps of circles can be considered as sites for new buildings.

Roof orientation is determined by the adjacent buildings.

The deliberate re-densifying and minimal distance to an existing building reinterprets the quality of the town. The existing structures are the reference points. They are interpreted and transformed to fit the times. The typologies of the old layouts are reflected in the new buildings. Material, building form, and elements are oriented to the existing buildings in the “viles”.

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As strategies to achieve the visions, the following methods were suggested: Promote traditional agriculture (subsidies); an advisory committee to form the individual basic strategy for every village (master plan/concept); the population must be sensitized to the measures and encouraged to take responsibility in citizen initiatives whose results can be documented in a master plan.

» Selective concentration of a “Viles“

»Force field circle analysis of a “Viles“

Topic 1: “Further construction” Group 3 Participants: Dietmar Auer | Josef Blasbichler | Olaf Arne Drehsen | Doris Lischnewski | Monika Obermüller

» Adaptation of rural architecture

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This group arrived at six results, formulated as follows: » Do not allow overdevelopment; ignore existing “failures”. » Make targeted structural additions; do not allow further construction in the bottoms of the valleys and preserve the view of the slopes. » Two typologies: town center with community buildings and edges of town with design statutes. » Retain agricultural use: Integrate the edges of town and building volumes into the topography. »V italize spaces: Enhance the design and convert existing outbuildings for other uses. »D ealing with hotels: Integrate small guest houses and consolidate large hotels in hamlets.

Workshop 2: Urban sprawl of village structures and natural spaces Topic 2: “Stable” Participants: Manfred Ehrle | Heiner Grewsmühl | Thomas Groser | Nina Hambrusch In former times, people worked and lived harmoniously under one roof; the stable was either part of the house or directly next to it. More animals required larger areas to be managed. The stable in the house became too small. This resulted in the separation of living and working areas.

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Agricultural facilities were moved away. Existing spaces were upgraded; this led to densifying the area used for living in the center of the village. Parallel to this was the expansion of building complexes. The agricultural facilities such as stables were integrated into the landscape and implanted in the topography.

Topic 3: “Hotel�

Participants: Ernst Giselbrecht | Ulrike Graefenhain | Raffaela Hoffmann | Martin Maxa | Werner Volgger The group addressed the issue of whether hotels pose an opportunity or a risk for landscape, economy, and identity.

The following results were reached. For the landscape, it was determined that hotel buildings should be erected where no other uses are possible.

Despite this, the structure must be built with awareness of the surroundings and in a tolerable volume. Buildings in extreme situations awaken interest in visiting them.

For the economy this means modern hospitality in an innovation society with an economic model for the future. The existing micro-urbanity of the small community is preserved. The cost effectiveness of building and operating a hotel is aided by a compact structure.

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For identity, the result is that the small community is preserved as a cultural entity. Hospitality and local traditions are the basis for this model and are consciously conveyed to guests.

Workshop 2: Urban sprawl of village structures and natural spaces

Conclusion

The Alps and South Tyrol in particular pinpoint the opportunities and problems of our society. Will continued growth break up the remaining traditional structures or is longterm densification possible? This second workshop had the task of resolving this conflict situation. It impressed the need for vibrant village structures and landscapes that bring man, agriculture, and nature into balance. A “viles”, the typical settlement structure for Ladin valleys, was made the starting point for the analysis.

The architects and town planners identified existing buildings and structures as cores.

Around them they placed spheres of possible expansion for stables and residences.

This was not about forced growth but intelligent expansion. The plan made it clear – the fabric to arise reflected the traditional compact settlement form.

The workshop thus showed ways in which economic growth can go hand in hand with intact quality of life, thanks to sensitive planning and the guidance of a natural environment that sets the limits of building development.

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With this assessment, the second working group built a bridge to the recommendation of the first workshop, which had already recognized the opportunity offered by “Südtiroler Dorf“ and the “cittaslow” concept.

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Workshop 3: Integrative architecture and energy systems Moderators

» Prof. Volkmar Bleicher University of Stuttgart | Transsolar Energietechnik, Stuttgart | managing director

Mentors

» Carlo Calderan Executive editor of the journal “turrisbabel“, Bolzano

» Dipl.-Ing. Eckehart Loidolt | Schneider & Schumacher, Vienna | Management director

» Claudia Bradlwarter Keyobject, Bolzano | Public Relations and Marketing

» Toni Erlacher Erlacher Innenausbau, Barbiano/Ponte Gardena | Owner and Management director

» Sebastian Finckh

J. MAYER H. Architekten, Berlin | Project Management

» Volker Halbach

blauraum architects bda, Hamburg | Managing director

» Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Elmar Hasler | Baumschlager Eberle St. Gallen AG | Managing director

» Dipl.-Ing. Cornelia Herrmann | ch.architektur, Frankfurt on the Main | Owner

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Participants

» Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Marco Franzmann | Baumschlager Eberle St. Gallen AG | Project Management

» Thomas Pohl Lanz Metall, Toblach | Managing director

» Michael Purzer

Frener & Reifer Metallbau, Brixen | HEad of Marketing and sales

» Dipl. Des. AKS Daniela Sachs Rollmann | Prof.

R o l l m a n n & P A RTNER , Homburg | Partner

» Cornelius Schlotthauer Zaha Hadid Ltd. Architecture, London, Hamburg | Associate

» Dipl.-Ing. Arch. BDA Prof. Hans Struhk

s truhkarchitekten, Braunschweig | owner

» Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Wortmann | NOX/Lars Spuybroek, Rotterdam | Project Management

Workshops

» Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Monika Marasz | via Movo Bau+ Kunst, Detmold | Partner

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» Norbert Mair Keyobject, Bolzano | Managing director

Workshop 3: Integrative architecture and energy systems Topic:

The objectives of this workshop are:

Industrial buildings have great potential for the use of intelligent energy systems.

Âť Highlight the existing structures? Âť Develop future-oriented models taking into consideration the town planning, architectural, and energy-saving possibilities? Âť Recommend measures for implementation

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In growing industrial zones with a large share of older construction and a limited amount of space to expand in, new models for use must be found that are financially interesting for companies. The core of such models on the one hand are the building volume, its structure, construction, and materials. On the other hand are measures for conserving or generating energy and resources.

Introductory presentation by Prof. Volkmar Bleicher, Transsolar Energietechnik GmbH; Stuttgart, Munich, New York Contents » Energy and comfort in the sense of ecological architecture » Working method » Example: Masdar City, Abu Dhabi » Conclusion Energy and comfort in the sense of ecological architecture » Core question: How will our living space develop over the coming years – how should it develop? » 40 % of the global energy consumption goes to the buildings in which we live and work and 36 % of all global greenhouse gases are released. » More than half of the world’s population today lives in urban areas; tendency rising – in 2050 it is likely to be more than 70 %. » Every German spends a total of 14 days a year in the car. » The inhabitants of all the cities in the world cause 80 % of all greenhouse gas emissions. » Quote from urban theorist Jane Jacobs: “New ideas need old buildings, the tension between traditional and modern; it is not perfection that makes a town worth living but its authenticity.”

CO2 emissions The current global average is 4t CO2/pers/a; this corresponds to a continuous fossil output of 1,800 W/person.

The goal in Switzerland is the 2,000-watt society: “sustained emission“: < 1t CO2/pers/a, this is equivalent to a continuous fossil output of 500 W/person. However: wealth and economic growth require a continuous output of 2,000W/pers.

Comfort in the sense of ecological construction is perceived by humans as satisfying.

Parameters for comfort are: » Solar radiation (warmth/light), daylight, fresh air. The perceived temperature is the operative temperature, the sum of air temperature (humidity) and the reflected surface temperature. In the building process, these parameters are defined by limits in U-value, G-value, light transmission, direct sunlight, transparency, and sound insulation.

Method Site analysis with the influences on the building such as: temperature, radiation of warmth and cold from adjacent zones, rain/snow, microclimate.

Working method using the example of Masdar City – Zero Carbon City, Abu Dhabi, UAE Architect: Foster & Partners, London Built for: Abu Dhabi Future Energy Company Definition of a sustainable city according to the World Wildlife Fund – One Planet Living » No CO2 emissions » No waste » Sustainable transport and transportation systems » Sustainable materials » Sustainable food chain » Sustainable water cycle » Preservation of habitats and species » Cultural heritage » Fair trade » Health Location and climatic conditions – temperature, humidity, sunlight The location for Masdar City has four very hot and humid summer months from May to August and four very pleasant winter months from November to February with respect to temperature and humidity. The mean annual temperature is 27°C, corresponding to the temperature of the ground at a depth of 10 m. The annual solar radiation reaches 2205 kWh/m²a.

Functional units The various functional units such as housing, business, education, community, technology park, etc. are distributed across the city. This mixture counteracts the formation of monotonous zones.

The construction phases can be made successively as needed and guarantee the desired mixed usage in the individual segments.

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The levels perceived by people are influenced by color (light reflection), surface consistency (spackled, metal, concrete, wood, carpet), and acoustics of the space.

Workshop 3: Integrative architecture and energy systems Approaches As the basis for the concept of a sustainable city in the desert, historical examples such as Bagh e Shahzadeh (Iran) and Shibam (Yemen) were studied. These cities are marked by multi-story, closely placed cubic structures.

The buildings provide shade for the narrow streets and public squares. The buildings are accessed through courtyards. They are the center of the inhabitants’ lives. A system developed over centuries is used to provide lighting and ventilation that is perceived as pleasant for human needs.

The intended dense construction has a positive effect on the lower consumption of oil as fuel. The greater the urban density of persons per hectare, the lower the consumption of oil in MJ per year and person. If we compare densities, in European suburbs, 18 people live on one hectare of land. In a densified city, 140 persons live on a hectare. At this density, 40,000 inhabitants travel a distance of 700,000 km/day in daily traffic, 70 % less than the residents of a suburb who travel 2,000,000 km/day. The CO2 emissions per year correspond to these figures.

Traffic consumes space, for driving and for parking. Thee following data can be calculated for one user: pedestrians move at 5 km/h and need an area of 0.8 m²/person, cyclists move at 10 km/h and need 3 m²/person, a passenger car travels at 40km/h in town and needs 60 m²/person, and a fully occupied streetcar or subway uses the least space. It transports a person at 20 km/h, using only 1.5 m²/person.

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Without combustion motors, reduced urban ventilation is possible; the hothumid wind in the occupied zones of the city can be reduced. The winds are led across green areas during the day to cool them off. The city is cooled off at night in the opposite direction with cool winds from land.

A conventional city generates 1,750,000 tons of CO2 per year – 80 % of it from conventional architecture and energy production, 13 % from waste disposal, and 7 % from traffic (fossil fuels).

This is an incentive to promote sustainable cycles for water and energy.

The design guidelines for buildings take all aspects of a CO2 neutral city into consideration and are set up as follows: » Local climatic conditions » Assessment at the urban level » Design guidelines for urban development » Generic building and street models » Assessments of base loads and microclimate » System recommendations » Limits of regenerative energy production at the urban level » Final load profiles and conditions for a typological development Conclusion » Because of the limited density of energy from regenerative energy sources such as solar, wind, and geothermal energy, an initial step must be lead towards minimizing loads and consumption. 3 E’s: energy consumption, system efficiency, and regenerative energy systems. » A sustainable CO2-neutral concept cannot be solved by technical designs alone. » It also entails changes in our everyday behaviour with respect to expectations of comfort, mobility, water, energy, and material consumption, and waste production. » All energies must come from regenerative sources and, like all materials, be used in a cycle system.

Declaration of the Bolzano South industrial zone

Bolzano South industrial zone

The Oberau industrial zone in the south of Bolzano is bordered on the east by the steep slopes of the Rotwand rising above Haslach. The Eisack flows from the northeast in an arch to the west of the industrial zone and continues south. Along the Eisack, the autobahn passes above the shores of the Eisack on bridges and separates the residential structure of Bolzano from the industrial zone. Below the autobahn, the main road is directly next to the river. In the south, the industrial zone ends abruptly and agricultural areas begin. The industrial zone is arranged in an orthogonal street network. The main roads are north to south, and the east-west access roads branch off from them.

Within the industrial zone, there are unused spaces and vacant buildings.

The northern tip of the triangle points towards Bolzano and its train station, which is now the main entrance to the historic old town. There is no visible connection between the old town and the industrial zone.

*Text by: Lukas Abram

Workshops

The industrial structures in rationalismo style and the new residential districts between Bolzano and Gries, some in historicist style, some in the monumental style associated with the fascist regime, contributed to discrediting the ideas of modernism in the eyes of the German-speaking population.

The goal of 100,000 inhabitants was not reached until long after World War II, but urban planning in Bolzano is still suffering today from the politically motivated decisions made at that time. The best locations of the city with the largest amount of sunlight in South Tyrol are still used for industrial purposes.

In addition, the summery afternoon wind from Lake Garda through the Etsch valley across the sealed soil in the south of Bolzano raises temperatures up to 40째 C in the city.*

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After Mussolini grabbed power in 1922, he attempted to incorporate the former Austrian provinces of Bolzano and Trient into Italian territory ideologically as well. It was his goal to create an Italian industrial city with 100,000 inhabitants out of Bolzano and Gries, which at that time were two separate communities with a total population of 25,000. South of Bolzano, steel plants and processing plants were established, although neither iron ore nor coal were mined in the surrounding area. The location was probably chosen with the intent of reducing the agricultural economy of the German-speaking population by confiscating the cultivated areas. An elaborate infrastructure with freight rail stations and supply rails completed the project.

Workshop 3: Integrative architecture and energy systems

group Volkmar Bleicher: Energy-efficiency concept Conditions and structures The climatic constraints (temperature, wind [temperature, direction], sun, microclimate) have a considerable influence on the living quality and energy consumption of the quarter. The warm southeasterly winds were determined to be a special feature of the location, additionally warming the broad streets in the same direction. In addition, considerable energy-efficiency potential was localized from the geological conditions (high ground water level, moist soil). A striking feature of the existing infrastructure (supplies, traffic, waste removal) is the dominating road network. Also important for sustainable development is the relation of working to housing. This can lead to a reduction of traffic and thus of streets, which leads to an improvement of living quality. Housing is not currently available at the location.

Other important factors at the location: » Smog at times » Existing wood resources

Development/recommendation Based on these parameters, and urban development and energy-saving plan was developed with the following recommendations: » Streets in NE-SW direction should be narrow and not thoroughfares, so the hot wind is not funneled into the city. » The existing streets should be converted to a zigzag pattern with new green spaces, water, and densification through housing, thus creating better living quality and housing. » Wide streets and new access should be developed in east-west direction, bringing a cool wind. » De-centralized geothermal power plants and wood power plants (location depending on wind conditions). » Use of solar energy for producing heat and electricity. » Some solar updraft towers on the slopes for generating energy and reducing smog.

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Summary: Volkmar Bleicher, 16 July 2010

group Sebastian Finckh: Aspects of the traffic structure

Side of the triangle to the northwest of the Eisack: The historic working-class district on the right bank of the Eisack is more separated from than connected to the industrial zone by the few bridges on the river, parallel to which the elevated autobahn runs. The interchange ramps for the Bolzano autobahn occupy a great deal of space south of the industrial zone. The result is that vehicle traffic to the old town of Bolzano mixed with transport traffic has to navigate the streets of the industrial zone, which were not intended for this purpose.

Side of the triangle to the northeast of Rotwand: At the foot of the mountains the steep slopes form an even clearer boundary that is accentuated by the rail line that runs here.

Southern side of the triangle: Here the area borders on the small Bolzano airfield. The only potential for future development lies in this direction.

Three goals were drawn up for the recommendations that were to be made for improving the existing situation, taking into consideration a future sustainable development. Âť Promote a mixture of uses in the area. Âť Improve traffic connections. Âť Untangle the diffuse traffic situation.

These objectives should enhance the attractiveness of the industrial zone for other uses and thus improve the overall density and efficient use of space.

This should reduce commuter traffic considerably. Existing parking spaces and the access spaces on rooftops can be used for more attractive purposes (greening, restaurants, swimming pools, housing, gardens etc.).

More greened areas, e.g. on rooftops, prevent the industrial zone from heating up in the summer and contribute to improving the microclimate in the old town. Putting traffic on different levels makes more efficient use of the (now jam-free) streets for the necessary deliveries. These measures contribute to improving the living quality in the area.

The modes of transportation to be developed, e.g. by a local company experienced in building cable railways, can create a ring connection of the old town with the industrial zone through a terminal building (Park & Ride) near the autobahn ramp in the south of Bolzano. Along this ring, the traffic volume can be reduced considerably. If it proves itself as an experimental prototype, the new mode of transportation could be seen as the ecological and economical solution for cities with similar problems and thus help sustainably develop the future-oriented technological standard of the region.

Linkage with the recently modernized regional rail line would also be useful and possible. Finally, such an innovative means of transportation would be an additional attraction for Bolzano, which has not yet developed its tourism potential.

The resulting mixture of uses (housing and working) in the area studied can absorb some of the housing pressure in the valley. A new building type for this purpose has already been established in this district.

Summary: Sebastian Finckh, 27 June 2010

Workshops

The problem of traffic volume was studied in the center and at the edges of the industrial zone. It became clear that the topographically varied sides of the triangular zone had different characteristics.

The following solutions were discussed in the group: A new mode of public transportation should be developed combining elevated train, cable railway, and streetcars, similar to the systems used in the past in the World Expos in Hanover and Barcelona. Using stations placed on existing buildings and rails about street level, space can be given multiple uses and overlapping use is generated. The passenger compartments can circulate at a relatively high speed and be shunted away from the flow of traffic for entering and leaving.

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The group had the task of developing potential strategies for improving the situation in the industrial zone south of Bolzano under the aspect of the traffic structure.

Workshop 3: Integrative architecture and energy systems

group Eckehart Loidolt: Aspects of urban structures The existing development plan for the industrial zone south of Bolzano is interpreted in various ways depending on the needs of the construction companies. It sets the master conditions with building lines, heights, and density/sealing for use as production sites or services.

Vision From area to spaces. The goal must be to improve the living quality in the existing industrial zone in order to give an attractive design and add new vitality to the area of Bolzano through mixed usage as a commercial and residential area. The existing model “area for commercial use” must be expanded in the spatial dimension and beyond the horizon of function.

The following measures can contribute to this The existing street and road network should be adapted to the personal scale and not be designed only for vehicle traffic. » Access to the center of Bolzano through green areas for cycle and pedestrian routes (perhaps along the Eisack) and realignment of the street axes to create barriers against the hot midday ora winds. » Organizing the movement of people. » Reducing car traffic through innovative public transportation. » Redesigning street profiles, e.g. with shade trees and different surfaces.

Lots need to be sized for commercial usage and innovative expansion or retroactive changes of usage. Moreover, a compact or dense appearance of building structure should be counteracted by appropriate measures, e.g. use of rooftops as green zones or for photovoltaic systems or generating energy.

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The new district in the former industrial zone should be enhanced with functions of everyday needs for moderate mixed usage. These include primarily grocery stores, cafes and restaurants, and childcare centers, but cultural events also function as a generator for improving quality of living and achieving a good “mixture”.

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Âť Graphics: Prof. Hans Struhk

Workshop 3: Integrative architecture and energy systems

Conclusion: The conclusion of the third workshop is to move way from single buildings, toward more integrative planning. Based on a thorough analysis of the Bolzano South industrial zone, the participants drew up recommendations as to how a monostructure can grow into a varied mixture of uses for working, living, and leisure.

First, the potential of the area was determined. Its compact structure should be retained externally and be differentiated internally. Green rooftops and water reservoirs improve the microclimate; solar thermal energy and solar cells on the factory roofs support the ecological upgrading. As soon as heavy industry has left Bolzano, the pace of change will accelerate. Streets can follow the topography. New development in east-west direction will break up the hot midday wind from Lake Garda and lower the average temperatures by up to two degrees.

Finally, the workshop made a daring look into the future. An elevated cable railway could connect the old city and the industrial zone on the second level. The ring railway reduces commuter traffic and offers commuters and new residents a reliable, environmentally friendly transportation system.

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The challenge was clear â&#x20AC;&#x201C; targeted investment in infrastructure saves energy and acts as a catalyst for sustainable modification of existing monostructures to a multi-faceted mixture of industry and housing, man and nature.

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Discussion

Lecture & podium discussion

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Lecture

Lecture by Astrid Piber: UN Studio Design Model – Key Functions in Architecture » Astrid Piber » Partner UN Studio, Amsterdam » www.unstudio.com

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Lecture

Astrid Piber is a partner at UNStudio with more than ten years of experience as implementing architect for urban development projects and international competitions such as the Ponte Parodi project in Genoa and the master plan for the harbor in Las Palmas, Gran Canaria. The completed projects Galleria Luxury Hall West (Seoul, 2003-2004) and Star Place Luxury Shopping Plaza, Kaohsiung (2006-2008) awakened her interest for other projects in planning with mixed uses and retail, such as Galleria Cheonan (2008-2010) and Raffles City Hangzhou (2008-2012). Since 2006 she has been part of the UNStudio management team and since 2008 a partner at UNStudio.

UN Studio

UNStudio – established in 1988 by Ben van Berkel and Caroline Bos – is an architecture firm in the Netherlands specialized in architecture, urban planning, and infrastructures. The letters UN stand for United Network and refer to the team character of the company. A number of long-term objectives form the basis for all the firm’s work. They characterize and determine the quality of building services. We strive to make a significant contribution to the architecture of our time, constantly improve our performance in design, building technology, expertise, and management, and prove ourselves as specialists for public network projects.

UNStudio avoids preconceived style decisions and develops its own architectural designs based on thorough research, with the focus on issues of structural arrangement. After we have drawn up a clear concept for a specific task, we test the parameters of the space utilization program using three-dimensional models. These models allow us to determine and take into consideration aspects such as routing, infrastructure, and program density. From the results of these analyses, coherent and logical space arrangement and supporting structures are developed – and from them, the external shape of the building in question.

For us, the environment, market requirements, and carrying out the owner’s wishes complement one another. They all facilitate our work, and we strive to achieve results that fulfill our own expectations as well as the owner’s objectives. Our employees come from various countries. Every one of them has training and experience in various technical areas. As networkers, we have developed a highly flexible system of working in our office that includes parametric design and cooperation with leading specialists in other disciplines. Using the know-how from other relevant disciplines makes it easier for us to try out different design strategies, in which we process space utilization programs, building technologies, and movement or traffic analyses to integrated designs. Since it was established, UNStudio has designed a wide range of construction and other projects at its headquarters in Amsterdam for the Netherlands and abroad – from public buildings, transportation structures, office and residential buildings to furniture, products, and urban development master plans.

UNStudio knows that the tasks of architecture are currently subject to profound changes. New building technology developed by industry, the current transnational conditions for construction activity, new design technology and the changed, more complex functional nature of the architectural project itself have motivated us to develop new work strategies.

Lecture 77

Among the most important UNStudio projects are the new Mercedes Benz Museum in Stuttgart (2001-2006), the Galleria department store in Seoul, Korea (2005), the ViLLA NM residence in the US state of New York (20022007), the Agora Theater in Lelystad, Netherlands (2004-2007), and the Erasmus Bridge in Rotterdam (1990-1996).

Our team prefers an “integral” approach to architecture, this means a nonhierarchical, multifaceted, imaginative design process that keeps everything in mind and takes all facets of architectural products into consideration. Time, purpose, construction method, and all other material and virtual systems and fundamental values are analysed, visualized, related to one another, and finally integrated into one all-encompassing building design.

The shifting tasks in the area of building technology, urban development, and infrastructure planning are among the most important parameters of architectural design and implementation. They all coexist in every single project.

The new, integral visualization of a design is a challenge to our fantasy, for us to take the plunge from construction to spatial effect and from spatial effect to spatial arrangement.

The Lecture: UN Studio Design Model – Key Functions in Architecture

For the last three days, the temperatures in South Tyrol have been the highest so far this year. It’s almost too hot in the assembly hall of the state vocational school in Bolzano. Still, some 100 architects and those interested in architecture have taken the opportunity to hear Astrid Piber. Because of her international work, where she uses English, currently mainly in China, she had difficulty finding the right words in German to explain the comprehensive model.

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If you have been to Rotterdam you will recall how the Erasmus Bridge connects the harbor and the city in one grand gesture. Astrid Piber used the famous early work by the Amsterdam architecture firm UNStudio as an example of how to enter new design terrain. Suitable calculation models help to master complex building tasks.

For years, the architects at UNStudio have studied how to describe the flow of movement and goods and requirement profiles using an analytical design method and implement them in architecture. Design models such as deep planning, V model, mathematical model, blob-to-box model, and the inclusivity principle provide rational grids that combine topography and user profiles with the cultural context.

Of course, extracting this mixed culture and using it productively for a design is quite a different challenge in South Tyrol than for the Rotterdam train station, for example.

Piber has completed a range of projects from the Ponte Parodi in Genoa harbor to the Mercedes Benz Museum to the concert hall in Graz and Raffles City towers in Hangzhou, China. Her conclusion is that architecture and urban planning mean “understanding the internal qualities of projects”. Just back from China, she paused a moment and then said, “alpitecture meant two very inspiring days to get back to earth.“

Lecture 79

Âť Mercedes-Benz Museum, Stuttgart, 2006

Alpitecture final discussion: Alps – Technology – Architecture Participants:

» Dipl.-Ing. Astrid Piber UN Studio, Amsterdam | Partner

» Dr. Markus Walder, EOS. – Export Organisation of South Tyrol for the Chamber of Commerce in Bolzano | Deputy director

» Dipl.-Ing. Ernst Giselbrecht | Ernst Giselbrecht + Partner, Graz | owner

» Dipl.-Ing. Eckehart Loidolt Schneider & Schumacher, Vienna | managing director

» Prof. Volkmar Bleicher University of Applied Sciences Stuttgart | Transsolar Energietechnik, Stuttgart |managing director

» Dipl.-Ing. Carlo Calderan Executive editor of the journal “turrisbabel“, Bolzano

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Discussion

presentation

» Dipl.-Ing. Georg Klotzner Höller & Klotzner Architekten, Merano | Partner

» Dr. Oliver Herwig

Journalist, Author, Moderator, Munich

Alpitecture final discussion: Alps – Technology – Architecture

“It’s too warm, and soon rockfalls will begin. But there is no point in lamenting the destruction of the mountains, especially when you are one of those who are contributing to the melting ice. After all, I used to plead for the preservation of the mountains, but I still drove a car.”

Reinhold Messner, Westwand, 2009.

We look up into the mountains and then back to the valley. How can beautiful landscapes be preserved in the interaction of man and nature, architecture and infrastructure? This question ignited a controversy in the high quality podium discussion in the assembly hall of the Bolzano regional vocational school. Developing the valleys is the simpler solution; protecting the slopes is the challenge. Concentration is not an option. But a look at traditional settlement types and structures is an asset, a profitable way to the future.

What role do architects and urban planners play in all this? A consensus was reached here – Architecture has the power to present changes and bring them about, but it can do little without a basis in society and resonance in the population. Building culture is not just a big word, building culture means actually dealing with tradition, landscape, and people, whose respective desires and needs must be harmonized with the demands of the future.

Landscape, lost nature is just not reversible, it was heard. Accordingly, increased efforts were made to encourage the interaction of politics, business, and architects, for example in the revitalization of industrial areas, which must be transformed from purely production sites to vibrant districts that are linked to cities and communities. South Tyrol has the prerequisites for such a qualitative modification – thanks to the mentality of its citizens and the planning instruments of its regional planners. Building is a process that yields quality only after generations. For this, it does not need mega-cities or skyscrapers that could compete with the Dolomites.

Individualism is an important part of identity and is expressed in the quality of what is built. But preserving it requires everyone to join in a social effort.

In particular, politicians, citizens, and planners have to be brought together and become enthusiastic about the goal of preserving the Alps in the future as a place worth living in, in harmony with economy and nature.

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Discussion

The guests continued the stimulating discussion in the warm summer evening at a typical South Tyrolean buffet.

Participants

“I was very happy and excited about coming to South Tyrol, which I was familiar with from vacations years ago. I was quite surprised by the economic and cultural development of the last decades and by the great, multifaceted architectural scene in South Tyrol. The encounters with craftsmen, industry, spatial and traffic planning, etc. gave insights into building culture, economy, and regional development and the emerging opportunity for the future that networking presents.

“alpitecture is an outstanding initiative, not only for thinking jointly about architecture in the Alps, but also experiencing it up close. In this respect it is one of the very important initiatives for the building tradition. Whoever has had the chance to experience it must ask himself why such initiatives and hospitality are not practiced everywhere in Europe.”

The new culture of building and technology is evident and is being followed closely in the world. It is true to the esthetic modernism and the tradition of South Tyrol, apparent in the architectural and technical expression of the frequently practiced building with wood. The lectures, excursions, workshops, and discussions on the topics of architecture and technology in the Alpine regions of South Tyrol and dealing with the topography, climate, culture, and landscape in this regard were very enriching for me and encourage further contacts. A great success!”

Prof. Hans Struhk, owner of struhkarchitekten Planungsgesellschaft mbH, Braunschweig

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Impressions

Ernst Giselbrecht, owner of Ernst Giselbrecht + Partner Architektur, Graz

Thank you for the good management. It is certainly no easy task to guide a “pack” of individualists with charm, friendliness, and firmness. But you were successful. The trip was interesting and full of adventures.

Interesting, because I have already reported to acquaintances about it,... it’s always a good sign when there’s something to talk about.

Manfred Ehrle, partner at Arcass Architekten Stuttgart

“Thank you for the fantastic time and precious experience that you made possible with your wonderful alpitecture initiative. I am very happy to have been able to be part of it and I will always remember your holistic work of art.“ Monika Marasz, free-lance architect, Detmold “An interesting exchange of ideas with colleagues. An interesting exchange of ideas with companies. A broadening of the horizon regarding company structures on the other side of the Brenner. A very interesting tour de force through the vineyards and industrial regions of South Tyrol. Looking back, a colorful kaleidoscope of impressions, but also relaxing hours in what I found to be a very pleasant hotel. I personally would have liked more time for the workshop, not too much, but maybe another half a day. I made very interesting contacts and spent days rich in variety.”

Cornelius Schlotthauer, Associate Zaha Hadid Architects Hamburg “Thank you again for the lovely and inspiring trip. I saw and heard many interesting things and I met many nice people. I will meet some of them in South Tyrol in the fall.”

Jens-Peter Frahm, partner at Schweger Associated Architects, Berlin

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“It was great fun to travel around South Tyrol. The excursions, the lectures, and the workshops gave me many ideas and I learned a lot about South Tyrol and the Alpine region.”

Impressions

Ursula Faix, partner at bad architects group, Innsbruck

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pARTNERs

Partners

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pARTNERs

Auroport - COMPETENCE IN DOOR SOLUTIONS Auroport has stood for excellent door and gate concepts for more than 30 years. The competence of the company lies in implementing architectural designs for movable building closures.

In the plant near Brunico, 28 employees produce special gate systems, house doors, yard gates, and special function gates (bullet resistant, airtight, waterproof, sound-proof) to meet the highest technical and architectural demands. www.auroport.it

» Dietmar Auer

owner and managing director

» Hannes Auer

Responsible for planning and development

Duka – The shower enclosure | Sanika – prefabricated bathroom duka is a specialist for shower enclosures. The utmost goal of product development is creating multi-faceted options for customized interior design.

Custom-made products, perfection in technology and quality, and short delivery times have been the mark of the company since it was established in 1979.

Technical details such as the innovative adhesive technique, elegant sliding elements, or the fold-swing system are designed down to the smallest detail and produced at the plant.

The partner company Sanika develops and sells prefabricated, lightweight bathrooms and has 2 product lines that cover market demands. With a production of about 3,000 prefabricated bathrooms a year, Sanika is one of the market leaders in this sector in Europe.

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Partners

www.duka.it

» Christian Krapf | business operations Sanika

» Martin Kusstatscher | Duka Brand management

» Pepi Blasbichler | managing director Sanika

Erlacher Innenausbau – Based on tradition, oriented to the future Erlacher Innenausbau specializes in acoustics and soundproofing solutions as well as lighting concepts for implementing customized contemporary architecture.

Its strength is in furnishings for upscale hotels, restaurants, apartments, and resorts, public buildings, administration buildings, banks and offices, libraries, boarding schools, retirement and nursing homes, and private homes.

Since 1976, the company has produced high quality interior finishings and complete solutions up to turnkey handover. www.erlacher.it

» Toni Erlacher owner and managing director

» Thomas Erlacher | owner and managing director

» Heinrich Geier Marketing | Sales and distribution International

Frener & Reifer Metallbau – Building shells, metal and glass constructions “We find solutions where others do not even look. We find the limits of what is technically feasible. For unusual designs by excellent architects.”

The company was established in 1974 by Georg Frener and Franz Reifer in Brixen, South Tyrol. The focus is on consulting, developing, designing, project management, producting, and installing sustainable customer solutions. Special developments for building shells, exclusive constructions in glass, metal, and other materials – for all types of buildings.

Partners

www.frener-reifer.com

» Michael Purzer Head of Marketing and Sales

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The headquarters is in Brixen, with branches in Italy, Germany, Switzerland, France, Russia, and the US.

Höller KG – perfect rooms The company has been owner-managed since it was established in1949 and produces custom-designed furnishings for public buildings, upscale hotels, banks, and private homes for the discerning taste.

As a highly specialized interior furnishings business, HÖLLER combines planning skill with handling technical details including acquiring and integrating unusual materials. The employees are specialists and plan and produce all products with certified quality on a production area of 5,000 m². www.hoeller.com

» Klaus Höller owner and managing director Höller KG

» Gabriel Troger sales manager | international Projects

» Jakob Meraner master carpenter | sales and Project manager

» Claudia B r ad l w a r t e r Public Relations and Marketing

» Norbert Mair managing director and shareholder

KeyObject – Your wish. Our goal.

The company specializes in turnkey interior construction. KeyObject is seated in Bolzano and has a branch in Munich. The team complements its partners in a perfectly functioning network, allowing projects to be carried out smoothly.

The combination of innovative design, perfect functionality, and production featuring craftsmanship gives turnkey interior fittings an individual, thus unmistakable character. The result of planning is timeless, innovative design, perfect functionality, and durability.

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Partners

www.keyobject.it

Lanz Metall – solutions in glass & metal LANZ Metall has stood for a wide range of high quality services since 1963, ranging from classic metalwork to innovative project solutions to customerspecific special designs. The professional combination of experienced craftsmanship and the newest technical know-how makes LANZ Metall a competent partner for glass and metal work in construction. www.lanz.bz.it

Partners

» Thomas Pohl

managing director

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» Gert Lanz owner

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Organizers

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Organizers

Organizers

ALPITECTURE – THE UNIQUE PLATFORM FOR COMMUNICATING NEW IDEAS ON THE THEMES OF “THE ALPS, ARCHITECTURE AND TECHNOLOGY” WAS STIMULATED BY AP35 AND INITIATED BY EOS. – EXPORT ORGANISATION OF SOUTH TYROL FOR THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE IN BOLZANO. “We are smoothing the way for new customers and markets“ EOS. supports South Tyrolean companies in setting up and consolidating markets. EOS. links networks, uses synergies and in this way contributes to increasing competitiveness and long-term to achieving prosperity in South Tyrol.

EOS. – Export Organisation of South Tyrol for the Chamber of Commerce in Bolzano Via Alto Aldige 60/Südtiroler Straße 60 | I – 39100 Bolzano | T. +39 04 71.94 57 50 | www.eos-export.org

ap35 GmbH Architecture Management & Relationship Marketing is the agency for brand strategy, brand presentation as well as brand communication in the specialist area of architecture. Our focus is orientated towards architects as well as companies with a main emphasis on architecture. Our agency content encompasses: marketing, advice, strategy, corporate design, communication design, public relations, graphic design as well as event management. Our agency is a partner of internationally successful architects and companies.

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Organizers

ap35 GmbH | Magirus-Deutz Str. 12 | D – 89077 Ulm | T. +49 731.140 225 0 | www.ap35.de

partners and MEDIA PARTNERS OF ALPITECTURE WERE:

solutions in glass & metal

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Partners

Supported by

www.alpitecture.com

ap35 GmbH Magirus-Deutz Str. 12 D – 89077 Ulm

t. +49 731.140 225 0 f. +49 731.140 225 20 office.ulm@ap35.de www.ap35.de