ARABIC
LESSON 1 WORD Kind of Words Ism
ِ سم ِ اهللِ الر ْح َم ِن الر ِ حيم ب ْ َّ َّ ١
ا ْلكلِ َمة A word is a unit of spoken or written language. Examples: Book
He Knew
The Silver
ِ تاب ك ٌ
َعلِ َم
ِ َّ الف ض ُة
سلِ ُمون ْ ُم
Kinds of words
ع ا ْلكلِ َمة ُ انْوا Particle
ِ الف ْع ُل
ف َ ُ الح ْر Doesn’t convey complete meaning on its own. Gives meaning to a sentence when used with verb or a noun.
Examples:
ِم ْن ِفي
َع ْن إلى
Noun
Verb
االسم
Action in relation to past, present, future tense or a command or request.
Listen
س َم ْع ْ ِا Don’t help
ص ْر ُ ْ ال تَن
Name (of example: place, person, animal, thing)
ُم َح َّم ٌد
He opened
َفَتَح
Face
َو ْج ٌه
Sun
َ س ٌ ش ْم
He hits
ْ َي ب ُ ض ِر
Moon
َق َم ٌر
Neck
Day
ِ ج ْي ٌد
َ ار ه َ ٌ ن
ليْ َل ٌة
Spring/Eye
Rope
Elephant
ني ٌ ْ َع
َحبْ ٌل
ف ْي ٌل
Night
االس ُم ْ
NOUN INDEFINITE NOUNS DEFINITE NOUNS INDEFINITE NOUNS-
س َما ُء الن َّ ِك َرة ْ َأ س َما ُء امل َ ْع ِرفَ ُة ْ َأ س َما ُء الن َّ ِك َرة ْ َأ
Names given in general to Living/Non Living things(common nouns).
تَنْوين
End with Examples:
ً
Pen
Man
Fish
َق َل ٌم
َر ُج ٌل
س َم ٌك َ
Mountain
Woman
Water
َجبَ ٌل
ٌإِ ْم َرأَة
مآ ٌء
ٍ
ٌ Kingdom
ُم ْل ٌك Sky
س َما ٌء َ
DEFINITE NOUNS- س َما ُء امل َ ْع ِرفَ ُة ْ َأ Proper Names given in general to a certain person, place, object
1st type
2nd type
End with تَنْوين
“DO NOT ” end with تَنْوين
ً
ً
ٍ
ٌ
ٍ
ٌ
Egs.:
ِ َح ام ٌد
ٌنُ ْوح
Egs.:
ِ إِبْر م ي اه ْ ُ َ
ْ ُاح َمد
Usually non-Arabic names and names which have more than 3 letters do not bear
تَنْوين
ِ إِ ْبر م ي اه ْ ُ َ
*A non- Arabic name
Nouns used as Adjectives denoting colours do not bear
Yellow
Black
صفَ ُر ْ َأ
س َو ُد ْ َأ
تَنْوين
Green
ْ َأ َ خ ض ُر
Noun
االسم
Definite
Indefinite
الن َّ ِك َرة
ْامل َ ْع ِرفَة Proper Names given in general to certain person, place, object
نُو ٌح
اح َم ُد ْ
َم َّك ُة
Adding ا ْلـto an indefinite Noun makes it Definite The man
A man
ٌ الر ُج ُل ل َّ = َر ُج+ ا ْلـ The elephant
An elephant
ُ ف ْي ٌل = ا ْل ِف+ ا ْلـ يل ِ Proper Nouns like حام ٌد are definite by nature. So, ا ْلـcannot be added to them.
Names given in general to a living/non-living thing(Common Nouns) Sky
Man
Sun
Moon
سما ٌء َ
َر ُج ٌل
َ س ٌ ش ْم
َق َم ٌر
Earth
Woman
Day
Night
ٌ أر ض ْ
ٌِا ْم َرأَة
ار ٌ نَ َه
ل ْي َل ٌة
Mountain
Fish
Rope
Elephant
َجبَ ٌل
س َم ٌك َ
َحبْ ٌل
ف ْي ٌل
Examples for changing Indefinite nouns to Definite nouns: Adding ْ الـto an indefinite Noun makes it Definite The house
A house
ُ ْ= ا ْلبَي ت The pen
ال َق َل ُم
The book
ُ
=
ٌ َق َلم+ ا ْلـ A girl
=
ٌ ْ ِبن+ ا ْلـ ت A book
ِ ِ ْ ْ ـ ل ا َ اب ت ك ل ا ك ُ + = تاب ٌ
ِ س ْ م َ ٌ جد
The news
A pen
The girl
ُ ْا ْل ِبن ت
ٌ ْ بَي+ ا ْلـ ت
ْ ِ س جد ْ َ امل
ُ
= النَّبَأ The fruit
ِ ا ْل ُ فاك َهة
ٌ نَبَأ+ ا ْلـ A fruit
ْ ِ ـ ل ا + = ٌهة َ فاك
The day
ُ = ا ْليَوْم
A day
يَو ٌْم+ ا ْلـ
ا ْلـ +بَيْ ٌ ت
= ا ْلبَيْت
ُ
ِ فاك َه ٌة ا ْلـ +
=
ا ْل ِ فاك َهة
ُ
ا ْلـ
+
َق َل ٌم
=
ال َق َلم
ُ
Conditions in which tanween on the last letter of the Noun is dropped: Adding
ا ْلـto an indefinite Noun makes it Definite The Fruit
A Fruit
ِ َا ْلف اك َه ُة
ِ َف اك َه ٌة
=
+
ا ْلـ
Proper nouns are definite by nature. Therefore, Examples:
ِْ إِ ْبر م ي اه ُ َ
ا ْلـ
cannot be added to them.
ٌ نُ ْوح
*A non- Arabic name
When two nouns come together in the possessive form, the while the corresponding harakah
The second noun will have kasrah/Tanween Kasrah
َأ ور ح ص َ ِ ُاب ا ْل ُقب ْ ُ
Inhabitants of the graves
In case of pronouns:
َب ْي ُتـ َك Your house
تَن ْ ِوين
ِ ُ َ
ا َ ْل ُقبُور
ُ
The graves
َك Your
is dropped from the first noun will remain.
اب ٌ أ َ ْص َح Companions/ Inhabitants
ت ٌ َب ْي House
In the possessive phrase, the first noun is owned by or in possession of the second noun