Student Portfolio
ARCH 473/3522 - DIGITAL DESIGN STUDIO AND WORKSHOP Veronica Nashat Adly Zaky Spring 2019
The American University in Cairo (AUC) School of Sciences and Engineering - Department of Architecture ARCH 473/3522 - Digital Design Studio and Workshop (Spring 2019) Student portfolio documenting samples of work submitted along the course, including research, experimentation, 3D modeling, digital fabrication, parametric design and modeling, physical model realization and analysis. Student name: Veronica Zaky Student ID: 900150868
Š The American University in Cairo (AUC), May 2019
Table of Contents
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Stage 1 - Phase I “The Natural Phenomenon”
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Stage 1 - Phase II “The Material”
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Stage 1 - Phase III “The Motion”
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Stage II - Phase I “The Context/ Site Analysis”
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Stage ll- Phase 11 “3D Modeling And Facade Iterations” “Digital Fabrication”
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Stage ll- Phase 111 “Parametrized Kinetic Facade ” “Model Prototype” Stage lll- Final Stage “Kinetic Extension To AUC Architecture Department”
Veronica Zaky Architecture Student
city of love and light;” It’s what makes Dubai the mega economic city that prospered in less than a decade.
I am Veronica Nashat Adly Zaky, an Architecture Undergraduate Student at The American University in Cairo. Living for the first 18 years of my life in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, I have developed skills for visualizing and seek authenticity and aesthetics. The city is one of the worlds’ mega cities dictating futuristic architecture in a conservative culture. In my quest for better social skills and communications , that already characterize me, I traveled to seek exposure to new cultures, societies and architecture. I pursued Architecture as my Major because it’s a cultural dictator. It’s what makes Paris “the magnificent
In my quest for education, architecture has exposed me to not only a broader idea of structural systems and their technicalities, experiences, and implementations. Every year in the program was a milestone from designing to the public and community participation, to designing for the environment and the LEED Certificate .T designing for form and functionality and the dilemma that generates between the two concepts, to using a set of grids and guidelines to define borders. To further designing for education centers using Architectural Structure that manipulates user experiences. and to applying the structure in real construction. This year is a different kind of challenge, Design V is the cultural, aesthetically concern of Egyptian and NeoIslamic elements in El-Korba. Came in parallel the opposing design mind set that allows for the design of extensions based on natural phenomenas, that may or may not be contextual. “Designing for Sound Digitally” is the story for the upcoming portfolio.
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“The Natural Phenomena”
1 The Biomimicry Of The Beating Heart The Heart It beats x 101,000/ day. Mode of Function: “Differential Pressure”
Stage Reflection “ Learning From Nature and Responsive Materials” The Heart has been a mysterious body organ that controls the entire living of a person. It Responds differently to different situations and senses including “SOUND. ”
The Biomimicry Of Muscle Motions The video illustrates how electro-active materials are manipulated to create kinetic surfaces that mimics the human muscle motion. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4XGVMXCxBNA ARCH 473/3522 - Spring 2019
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Stage 1 - Phase I “The Natural Phenomenon” Veronica Zaky
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“The Natural Phenomena”
3 Functions of Kinetic Energy of the Valve as depicted in an Ultrasound.
The Heart-Valve Kinetic Motion The heart valve is a mode of “Travel Regulators” of blood who’s motion is caused by an electric pulse from the SA node (Pacemaker). Motion caused by “Pressure” of blood contracted in the heart by the pulse. The Kinetic Energy of a valve is converted into the “Sound Energy” of a heart beat. From here, the physical concept of converting sound energy to kinetic energy and the reverse process is derived.
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“The Material”
5 A Parametrized Abstraction” Shape Shift -
Stage Reflection “ Learning From Nature and Responsive Materials” Merging Design with nature created a design flow process parallel o that of the context; both feed into the user experience and the form generation and development.
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Stage 1 - Phase II “The Material” Veronica Zaky
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“The Material”
7 Material - Motion “Concept�
-The initial concept was to develop an automated/responsive air control and lighting/shading system, which could be incorporated in a new kind of building skin. -The distinctive properties of the material should not only become a mere actuator replacement but be orchestrated for their aesthetic qualities. EAP is a highly attractive component for kinetic architectural applications due to its extreme flexibility, lightness,thin dimensions and smooth actuation.
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8 “The Parametrized Abstraction” Attraction of opposing charges, the film is squeezed in the thickness direction (up to 380%) Repelling charges between equal charges on both electrodes results in a linear expansion of the film. The film gets thinner and the surface area increases.
Electro-Responsive Design The attached experiment shows the attempt to create an electro-active responsive element at The American University in Cairo. The materials used, (shown in the figure on the right), are merged using a polymer and left to bond under heat.
The Experimentation with Materials The experiment presented is student produced at the American University in Cairo under the supervision of MENG TA Dina Hesham.
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“The Material”
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10 Experimentation “Conclusion” Dynamic - Each component has an influence on the neighboring component - Act together as a structure - Not each one on its own - The pattern and the rotation angle in which panels are arranged tests the durability of the prestretched material. - Changes its shape in two ways. First, due to the attraction of the opposing charges, the film is squeezed in its thickness direction. Second, the repelling forces between equal charges on both electrodes result in a linear expansion of the film Rhombic frame bends when the material is in its relaxed condition. After the high voltage is applied, the material expands, and the component flattens out. Kinetic Motion Possibilities • Dynamic • Each component has an influence on the neighboring component • Act together as a structure • Not each one on its own
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“The Material”
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“The Motion”
13 “A Parametrized Abstraction” - Shape Shift -
Stage Reflection “ Abstracting The Motion” Studying the motion of Electro-active materials allowed for several interpretations that can be applied to kinetic architecture.
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Stage 1 - Phase III “The Motion” Veronica Zaky
14 Conceptual Motion I “Pressure vs Flow” The responsive electro-active element mimics the heart motion in its expansion and contraction which creates the flow of blood into the valve. Relationship between pressure and flow in open valves. The pressure drop, across an open heart valve relates to the flow rate, Q, through the valve: If: • • • •
Inflow energy conserved Stagnant region behind leaflets Outflow momentum conserved Flat velocity profile
Stimulus: Pressure Response: Contraction + Flow
Conceptual Parametric Motion The videos illustrate the different motions inspired from electro-active materials in relation to the Heart Valve Motion. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ays6km1CzCs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d8Mw8TFHuxk Portfolio
“The Motion”
15 Conceptual Motion II “Shifting Solids and Voids� Stimulus: Electricity/ Light Response: Kinetic Motion The motion of opening and closing of the heart valve allows for the shift of solids and voids. It responds to the concept of a self - deployable structure.
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16 Parametric Mimicry of Motion “Hexagonal Wave” The Hexagonal structure resembles the heart motion in which the point at the vertex of each hexagon undergoes pressure by the motion of the adjacent joints causing it to flow upwards or downwards. Materials: Unlimited Materials- Tensile Fabric or Modular Wood/Metal Motion Morphology: Rhythmic pattern of Pressure and Flow
Conceptual Parametric Motion The videos illustrate the different motions inspired from electro-active materials in relation to the Heart Valve Motion. https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=FSv5JRBpElg Portfolio
“The Motion”
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“The Motion”
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Parametric Mimicry of Motion Opening and closing of valve can be used to design a: 1- Deployable structure in the courtyards of SSE for temporary exhibitions. 2- A responsive facade that responds to any form of Energy (Light, Kinetic, Thermal,...etc.)
Abu Dhabi Investment Council Headquarters design by Aedas architects and Arup engineers is shaded by a system of PTFE clad “Masharabiyas�.
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“The Motion”
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Conceptual Motion III “From Kinetic to Sound Energy” The Valve Motion 1- Electric Energy - Received Energy 2- Kinetic Energy - Valve Motion is governed by - Pressure and direction of positively charged blood 3- Sound Energy - A result of valve motion of closing flaps The heartbeat happens as follows: 1- The SA node (pacemaker) 2- The heart chambers contract or pump blood through the valve. 3- The closure of the valve flaps in the repetitive motion create two distinct “heart sounds” commonly referred to as the heartbeat. Stimulus: Kinetic Motion (Valves Open/Close) Response: Sound (Heart Beat) Conceptual Motion III “Kinetic to Sound Energy Applied” Sound is a mechanical form of energy which travel in the form of wave, Mechanical wave that is an oscillation of pressure this pressure created by the sound could be used to convert it into electric energy or other form of energy. Motion Morphology: Oscillation
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The Inverse Process • •
Could sound motion be converted into kinetic motion in the same manner the valve acts? Electro active lashes
The Sound-scraper is a futuristic structure designed to transform auditory vibrations from bustling cities into a source of clean energy. The Sound-scraper is covered with noise-sensitive cilia that harvest kinetic energy while soaking up urban noise pollution. Each of the 84,000 lashes is armed with sound sensors called Parametric Frequency Increased Generators. Once the noise is picked up, an energy harvester converts the vibrations to kinetic energy. Transducer cells then convert the energy to electricity, which is stored or distributed to the grid for regular electric use. Materials: Piezo Material Sound-scraper Captures Sound Kinetic Energy while Reducing Noise Pollution Portfolio
“The Motion”
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“The Context and Site Analysis”
25 SSE Courtyard 3 Located adjacent to Quick and The Steps.
Stage Reflection “ The Site Selection” Studying t the AUC has allowed the site selection to be a smooth process as the locations available for the Architecture Building Extension are limited to AUC’s SSE Courtyards. Designing upon sound, site selection was informed by the previous stages to be in the courtyard near AUC’s crowded and noisiest location, Quick and Steps zone.
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Stage II - Phase I “The Context/ Site Analysis” ARCH 473/3522 - Spring 2019
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SITE LOCATION The selected site is one of AUC New Campus’s Court yards. Located in New Cairo along the South 90 Avenue, AUC serves as a hub for the education and exhibitions that is emphasized by the extension typology. Portfolio
“The Context and Site Analysis”
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28 Site Setting The third courtyard, located near The Steps, is one of the most active courtyards at AUC. It links 3 different zones of classes as well as “the steps” students and the service node “Quick Market.” Conditions And Affecting Variables 1- Flow and Transition Zone 2- Time 3- Sound 4- Occasional Uses (Architecture Exhibitions) Material: Sharp, Stone, Wood As opposing to the nature of a Heart Nature: Dynamic Behavioral Logic: Junctional Atrium to all Entrances High pace activity An Assembly Point Time Dependent rhythm of flow Sound varies along time
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“The Context and Site Analysis”
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“The Context and Site Analysis”
31 Site Masses and Corresponding Views
The Site Main Nodes and Surrounding Masses
Nodes The site is surrounded by 3 nodes including Quick and Steps near the HUSS plaza, the Medhat Haroun Lounge Extension and CP 43, known for frequent use by the AUC political camps for meetings. Behavioral Logic: Junctional Atrium to all Entrances High pace activity An Assembly Point Time Dependent rhythm of flow The flow of users (students, faculty, and staff) is regulated by the time factor of classes. Therefore, “Sound varies along time�
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“The 3D Conceptual Modeling ”
33 “This Robot Can “Sound Design” Your Movie” Conceptual Form Generation Form Trials 3D Rhino Model
Stage Reflection “ The Site Selection and the Sound Responsive Design” The form started generating based on the concept of creating an activity withing the form void created within the larger void of a courtyard. The form generation process required studying the sound intensity according to different times and different positions in the site.
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Stage 1- Phase 11 “3D Modeling And Facade Iterations” ARCH 473/3522 - Spring 2019
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34 Conceptual Form Generation The Sound Algorithms 1- Layers of Sound Beat - Melody - Rhythm These parameters are used to design the layers of the GRID of THE SKIN. The overlap of the multi-layered skin creates “HARMONY” (External Grid) 2- Physicality of Sound Amplitude: sound intensity Frequency: sound pitch These parameters are used to design patterns of the Elevations or Extrusions according to numerical values extracted from site activities. 3- Acoustics of Sound Sound as a set of “RAYS” Reflection - Refraction - Diffraction - Absorption These parameters are manipulated to design facade motion according to motion of people/sound.
SITE LOCATION The video is a timelapse recorded in a normal study day illustrating the heart beat rythm and the effect the site transitioning has on it.
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“The 3D Conceptual Modeling ”
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Trial 1 - Algorithms “Surfaces Deformation” “Sound Amplitude” Determines the height of the surface deformation. “Sound Frequency” Determines the shift of the surface deformation. “Sound Beat Layer” Determines the grid of modular element designed to flow along the created surface. “Create a Volume of sound experiential Rhythm.” Parameters Used “Sound Amplitude” The building height increases in multiples of 5m and 3m. “Sound Frequency” The surface control points are shifted in x3m in direction of lower frequencies. “Sound Beat Layer” The beat is affected by a certain rhythm that starts as rapid and slows down in the courtyard. (Grid offset of 1m and 3m)
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“The 3D Conceptual Modeling ”
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38 Flow of Sound Waves Generated “Exterior Skin” The designed model parameters created a volume that emphasizes rather inactive zones to increase the rhythm of action. The designed Skin grid created sharp edges access points. This leads to shocking user experience and empowers user curiosity. Trial 2 - Algorithms “Shifting Solids and Voids ” “Sound/ People Circulation Determines the shift of the surface deformation. “Sound Amplitude” The openings expand when sound is refracted/ absorbed The form is generated with solid and void inverse concept “Sound Frequency” Determines the shift of the surface rotation. “Shifting Experiences; Creating a junctional void of Activity.” Parameters Used “Sound Circulation” The sound circulation in the courtyard is what creates the negative spaces o subtracts from the from. This will prevent the reflection or refraction of sound rays to prevent construction of wavelengths in an educational context.
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40 Trial 3 - Algorithms “Modular Generation ” Kinetic Architecture Modular deployable structure. “Modular Size” The openings expand when sound is refracted/ absorbed The form is generated with solid and void inverse concept “Sound Frequency” Determines the rotation of the module towards the high frequency sounds. “A Sound Experience in which the model responds to the motion of sound.” Parameters Used “Kinetic Architecture” The sound circulation in the courtyard is what creates the negative spaces
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“The 3D Conceptual Modeling ”
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42 Module Iterations “Sound Harmony Grid” “Modular Size” The openings expand when sound is refracted/ absorbed The form is generated with solid and void inverse concept “The different layers of the single Beat allows for different possibilities of the module. The thin-wired module allows for sound “Diffraction and Reflection according to the user behavior. The module is a responsive element that can be manipulated as Gateways/ Seating areas creating a user reactive facade/skin.
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“The 3D Conceptual Modeling ”
45 Model Iterations in chronological order from left to right.
The Model Evolution Explained The model generation process evolved as the course proceeded to improve skills on Rhino modeling software. The model generation was based on building 2 zones encompassing a social outdoor node. The model design started with building a rail to sweep a basic element across. It later developed into a TSPLine model that can generate complex surfaces to design for different experiences.
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“The 3D Conceptual Modeling Fabricated”
47 A Form Generation Concept The concept is based on the motion of the sound intensity of circulating students around Quick Courtyard.
Stage Reflection “ The Design of Sound Responsive Experiential Building” The form generation stage has resulted in form that allows user circulation and penetration within the greater mass. The structural decisions resulted in the use of steel frames and secondary steel beams that would allow for the building’s structural authenticity. Furthermore, the parametric screen/ facade design allows for the form and function to be integrated within the AUC Context.
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Stage 1- Phase 11- Part 2 “Final 3D Modeling And Facade Design” ARCH 473/3522 - Spring 2019
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“The 3D Conceptual Modeling Fabricated”
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“The 3D Conceptual Modeling Fabricated”
51 Diagramatic form generation and design of the AUC Architecture Department Extension
Social Inclusion Dynamic Solid - Void Shift The design process began with mapping the social and circulation behaivior in the SSE courtyard, as mapped in red in the figure on the left. The users circulate across a single path while rarely clusterig in courtyard corners or around the seating areas designed there. Mapping the sound intensity in relation to the students circulation, the form subtraction is caused by the sound intensity, creating a void within the soild that accentuates the user social behavior. This is where the exhibition is zoned. Zone Separation
Stimulus: Sound Frequency Response: Kinetic Architecture The building is separated into 2 components. Each component has an influence on the neighboring component - Act together as a structure the pattern screen responds to the concept of a self - deployable structure. • Inflow activity conserved • Outflow momentum (circulation) conserved
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THE STRUCTURE The AUC Architecture Building Extension is designed with a series of steel frame structures with secondary steel beams. Portfolio
“The 3D Conceptual Modeling Fabricated”
53 The Series of Diagrams Depict the Structural Integrity of The Design.
The Structural Logic The building is designed to be structured with steel frames that are malleable enough to form the complex surface. The steel frames 40 cm in depth to tolerate lateral loads on the curved surface. The main steel structure is supported with a secondary beam system that creates a structural grid that carries the concrete shell that acts as the external skin of the building.
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Parametric Definition “Sound Responsive Module” “The different layers of the single module” Beat allows for different possibilities of the module.
Sound Beat Grid Formation
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“The 3D Conceptual Modeling Fabricated”
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Structure Generation
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The Series of Juxtaposed Layers of Design Kinetic Electro-Active Bi-metal (Sound Responsive Element)
Secondary Structure as Fixtures for the Kinetic Pattern
Concrete Shell External Structure
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“The 3D Conceptual Modeling Fabricated�
57 Material - Motion “Concept”
The Kinetic Pattern Design Logic -Thwe initial concept was to develop an automated/ responsive sound control and reflective-absorptive sound system, which could be incorporated in a new kind of building skin. -The distinctive properties of the material should not only become a mere actuator replacement but be orchestrated for their aesthetic qualities. EAP is a highly attractive component for Kinetic Architecture Application due to its extreme flexibility, lightness,thin dimensions and smooth actuation. Kinetic Motion Designed The Circular Module Within the Hexagonal Structure 1- Rotates 2- Scales 3- Moves in the Z-Direction To create a concave circle that reflects the sound into the space, empowering the spatial experience.
PATTERN ILLUSTRATION The Kinetic pattern is designed to accentuate the open space where high frequency-producing activities take place in SSE’s Courtyard.
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Portfolio
The Architectural Building Extension is built in 2 zones to allow for public and private studio spaces. As well as an open exhibition in the middle of the courtyard.
“The 3D Conceptual Modeling Fabricated�
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Digital Fabrication Model “3D - Printing” The softwares used to digitally fabricate the model include “Cura” and “Meshmixer” to optimize the use of material and the time consumption of the process. As well as design the required support for the structural buildup of the model.
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“The 3D Conceptual Modeling Fabricated”
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“The Parametrized Kinetic Facade ”
63 Kinetic Element Physical Modeling Conceptual Form Generation Kinetic Architecture and Parametric Definition
Stage Reflection “The Kinetic Activity of Architecture” The Kinetic conceptualization of the pattern is a mechanical process that was visualized through building the physical model of the module. The physical model mimics the modular motion that 1- Rotates 2- Scales 3- Moves in the Z-Direction To create a concave circle that reflects the sound into the space, empowering the spatial experience.
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Stage 1- Phase 111 “Parametrized Kinetic Facade ” ARCH 473/3522 - Spring 2019
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Parametric Definition “Sound Responsive Prototype”
Low Frequency Shape Shifting
01- Frequency increases
02- Frequency increases
“Higher Frequency Shifts in Kinetic Module”
High Frequency Shape Shifting Portfolio
04- Frequency increases
05- Highest Frequency “The Parametrized Kinetic Facade ”
65 Parametric Definition “The Module responds to the frequency levels; the higher the frequency the higher the module walls expand to create a concave enclosure that reflects the sound into the exhibition.
Module Prototype in Action
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SCALE-1:5
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SECTION SCALE-1:5
Parametric Definition of A Kinetic Module in a Static Form The Kinetic Element detail is composed of several layers of electric connectors that transfers he external sound energy into kinetic energy that can later be stored.
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“The Parametrized Kinetic Facade �
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67 Noise Signs LEDs
Electro-active Lashes include Parametric Frequency increased Generators
PTFE Membrane
Metallic Structure
Electric Manifold Electric Cable
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“Kinetic Extension To AUC Architecture Department”
69 “Sound Design in The American University in Cairo” Final Project Documentation
Stage Reflection “The Parametric Architecture Building Extension” The Kinetic concept is tested in the context with designed elevations and plans that support the design’s functionality.
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Stage lll- Final Stage “Kinetic Extension To AUC Architecture Department”
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Site Layout Scale 1:400 The Architectural Building Extension is built in the courtyard entrance to accentuate the user circulation into the exhibition set .
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“Kinetic Extension To AUC Architecture Department�
71 Zoom-in Top View of the Designed Building Extension.
Layout Zoom in shows the user interaction with the building out of the courtyard context.
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EXHIBITION ZONE UNIVERSAL SPACE
OUTDOOR EXHIBITION ZONE UNIVERSAL SPACE
GENERAL OPEN STUDIO 2
WORK STATION/ LAB
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GENERAL OPEN STUDIO
Ground Floor Level Plan Scale 1:200 The Architectural Building Extension is built in the courtyard creating minor communal pockets around it to empower social nodes in a void.
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2D Section Scale 1:200 Portfolio
The Architectural Building Extension is built in 2 zones to allow for public and private studio spaces. “Kinetic Extension To AUC Architecture Department�
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Main Elevation Scale 1:200 Portfolio
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Secondary Elevation “ Scale 1:200 Portfolio
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“Bibliography”
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Bibliography
• The Biomimicry Of Muscle Motions The video illustrates how electro-active materials are manipulated to create kinetic surfaces t hat miics the human muscle motion. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4XGVMXCxBNA • Conceptual Parametric Motion The videos illustrate the different motions inspired from electro-active materials in relation to the Heart Valve Motion. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ays6km1CzCs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d8Mw8TFHuxk • Conceptual Parametric Motion The videos illustrate the different motions inspired from electro-active materials in relation to the Heart Valve Motion. https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=FSv5JRBpElg • Abu Dhabi Investment Council Headquarters design by Aedas architects and Arup engineers is shaded by a system of PTFE clad “Masharabiyas”. • Sound Scraper Materials: Piezo Material Soundscraper Captures Sound Kinetic Energy while Reducing Noise Pollution
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ŠAll rights reserved, American University in Cairo (AUC) May 2019