Inter - City Bus Terminal at Banepa, Kavre, Nepal

Thesis presentation b. arch.

By AAKASH BHOCHHIBHOYA (B.ARCH / 69001) DATE : 6TH AUG, 2018 PROJECT SYNOPSIS : Developing a bus terminal – a sustainable urban design; with an enhanced element of integrating community involvement and connection.

Department Of Architecture

Inter-City Bus Terminal

at banepa

inching towards the development of A satellite city; banepa

PRIVATE

PUBLIC

Which one ??????……

Is My City’s Pollution Free?

Can I travel freely Safely?

Where are the Parks?

Where is the public realm?

SOURCE: google earth (SAS planet 2015)

Where do people gather?

How do you go place to place?

How do you go to market?

How does a child visit a friend?

How do we travel for evening leisure?

Banepa municipality

SOURCE: www.banepamun.gov.np

City planning impact our lives……

SOURCE: Delhi Integrated Multi Modal Transit System Ltd. (DIMTS), 2013

What is the true picture??

SOURCE: Delhi Integrated Multi Modal Transit System Ltd. (DIMTS), 2013

What is the true picture??

DEFINING :

SPACE

SOURCE: Delhi Integrated Multi Modal Transit System Ltd. (DIMTS), 2013

What is the true picture??

DEFINING :

SPACE

SOURCE: Delhi Integrated Multi Modal Transit System Ltd. (DIMTS), 2013

What is the true picture??

DEFINING :

P

S ACE

SOURCE: Delhi Integrated Multi Modal Transit System Ltd. (DIMTS), 2013

What is the true picture??

DEFINING :

ACE

SP

SOURCE: Delhi Integrated Multi Modal Transit System Ltd. (DIMTS), 2013

What is the true picture??

DEFINING :

CE

SPA

SOURCE: Delhi Integrated Multi Modal Transit System Ltd. (DIMTS), 2013

What is the true picture??

DEFINING :

E

SPAC

SOURCE: Delhi Integrated Multi Modal Transit System Ltd. (DIMTS), 2013

What is the true picture??

DEFINING :

E

SPAC

SOURCE: Delhi Integrated Multi Modal Transit System Ltd. (DIMTS), 2013

What is the true picture??

Because of those problem and uncomforta ble travelling, people are preferring PRIVATELY OWNED VEHICLES.

SOURCE: Delhi Integrated Multi Modal Transit System Ltd. (DIMTS), 2013

consequence

Solution???????

Over time, achieving greater sustainability in transport means…………. ………..

Investing in schemes and initiatives that improve accessibility.

SOURCE: Public transport and Sustainable development, Brazil

Can something be done?

1 2 AIRLINE

BUS AND COACH

TRAIN PERSONAL RAPID TRANSIT CABLE-PROPELLED TRANSIT FERRY AUTO RICKSHAWS

WALK FIRST PEDAL NEXT

3

PUBLIC TRANSPORT

4

MOTOR VEHICLES

Sustainable transportation policy

 Transportation is an integral part of the functioning of the society.

 The transport system improves the social, economic, industrial, commercial progress and transfers the society into an organized one.  It is one of the most essential services, vital force for determining the direction of development.  To achieve the desired transportation balance and the system to be efficient, it is essential to provide organized facilities in the system, one such facility is a

Bus Terminal.

 As transportation involves the movement of the people and goods, there is a need of an “access point” in transport system to use it.  These access points are known as “Terminals” or the fixed facilities.  Terminals are one of the main components of any mode of transportation.

introduction

A bus terminal, or terminus, is the point where a bus route starts or ends, where vehicles stop, turn or reverse, and wait before departing on their return journeys.  A convenient point where services can be controlled from.

Terminals serve as a point of –

•Concentration •Dispersion •Loading/unloading of the passengers •Interchange of mode •Storage of passengers and vehicles •Maintenance of vehicles •Facilities and amenities for the users and crew •Documentation of movement •Information system •Integration of various systems of transportation

Hierarchy of Bus Terminals –

•Road based bus stop •Road side bus bay •Bus stop distributed •Sub-nodal terminal •Nodal bus terminal

•Inter-city bus terminal and inter-state bus terminal(ISBT)

As urban nodes

Abbr.

02

Tribhuvan Rajpath

03 Arniko Rajmarg 04

Prithvi Rajmarg

05

07 08

Narayanghat Mugling Rajmarg Dhulikhel Sindhuli Bhittamod Rajmarg Mechi Rajmarg Koshi Rajmarg

09

MRM

Length (KM) 1027.6

Node Feature Start Point Mechi Bridge, Jhapa Border

TRP

159.66

Tribhuvan Statue, Tripureshwor Sirsiya Bridge, Birgunj Border

End Point Gaddachowki Border, Kanchanpur

Remarks including 29 Km TRP

ARM 112.8 Maitighar Junction, KTM Friendship Bridge, Kodari Border PRM

173.43

Naubise (TRP)

Prithvi Chowk, Pokhara

NMR 36.16 M DSRM 198

Pulchowk, Naryanghat Mugling (PRM) Bhittamod border, Jaleshwor Dhulikhel (ARM)

MERM 268.06 KRM 111.46

Kechana Border, Bhadrapur Rani Border, Biratnagar

Taplejung Hile

Sagarmatha Rajmarg SARM 265

Kadmaha, Saptari (MRM)

Solusalleri Solukhumbu

10

Siddhartha Rajmarg

SRM

181.22

Sunauli Border

Prithvi Chowk, Pokhara

11

Rapti Rajmarg

PRM

196

Ameliya, Dang (MRM)

Musikot, Rukum

12

Ratna Rajmarg

RPM

113.08

Jamuniya Border, Nepalgunj

Bangesimal, Surkhet

13

Karnali Rajmarg

KARM 220

Surkhet, Bangesimal

Jumla, Kalikot

113 Km

14

Mahakali Rajmarg

307.76 Km

Seti Rajmarg

Mohana Bridge, Dhangadhi Border Syaule, Dadeldhura

Darchula

15

MKR 320 M SERM 65.96

06

135.94 Km.

168.54 Km

Samuwagad - In Safe rd

SOURCE: https://www.dor.gov.np/national_highways.php; viewed 1st December, 2016; Department Of Roads

53.97 Km.

Banepa municipality ------- under arniko rajmarg

S.N Name of Highway .

01 Mahendra Rajmarg

Highways of nepal

SATELLITE CITY BANEPA Dhulikhel Sindhuli Bhittamod Rajmarg SINDHULI

Banepa municipality ------- under arniko rajmarg

TIBET

Arniko & sindhuli bhittamod rajmarg

NALA

Existing BANEPA station is catering public transport properly to

bus not the due

Increasing Population and Number of Routes PANAUTI

Banepa municipality ------- public transport

RAVI OPI

Routes

TOTAL HOUSE

WITHOUT ANY FACILITY

MOTOR

MOTORCYCLE

CYCLE

OTHER VEHICLE

NOT STATED

BANEPA

5,540

83

308

1,136

438

34

106

DHULIKHEL

3,279

279

88

390

99

9

67

PANAUTI

5,943

131

167

895

139

17

85

Number of PRIVATE VEHICLES increasing.

SOURCE: National Population and Housing Census 2011

Households by types of household facilities

AREA

Proximity

NEED of the

TERMINAL arises with increase in the demand.

An organized bus terminal should meet the following requirements Accessibility  Comfort and convenience  Safety  Easy processing

Need !!!!

BUS STOPS

OLD BAZAAR

Commercial area, Vendor spaces and Private vehicles parking are required around the Terminal Complex.

Banepa municipality ------- commercial development

MIXED USED ZONE

Mix – used zone

GROUND

HILL

GROUND JATRA ROUTE GROUND

Both man build and natural open space

TEMPLE SQUARE

Public open space

Equitable Allocations of Road space for Buses, Pedestrian, NMT (Non-Motorized Transport) & Private Vehicles

TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT Hierarchical Space Allocation – Pedestrian with Cyclist and Public Transport on Top and Cars at Bottom

Aim !!!!!!!!

OLD SETTLEMENT NON MOTORIZED ROUTE

UGRATARA JANAGAL

EASILY ACCESSIBLE

SITE AREA: 36,339 sq. m.

71-6-3-2 SITE LOCATION  ACCESSIBILITY  EASY PROCESSING  FLAT LAND  RIVER FRONT AREA CAN BE A PUBLIC OPEN SPACE

BANEPA

700 meters

EXISTING BUS STATION

PANAUTI – BANEPA - KATHMANDU  TOTAL = 108 per 5 minutes  18 on hold (parking)  4 Khopasi per 30 minutes  5 Banepa per 15-30 minutes  2 Bashdol per 2 hours

Approximate Site location

BUS BEWASAYE

TOTAL NUMBER OF BUS

 ARANIKO YATAYAT SEWA SAMITY – 165  KAVRE BUS BEWASAYE SANG – 136  KAVRE MINI BUS SAMITY – 108  HELAMBU YATAYAT SAMITY – 74  HIMAL TERAI YATAYAT SAMITY – 53 TOTAL – 516 / Day

SOURCE: (Google Map, 2017; viewed on march 16th, 2017)

Routes

1 Close up of river

1 Open and flat land

2 G a n e s h Ma n d ir a n d p e d e s tr ia n b r id ge

4

3

4 Araniko highway

1

2 3 Pulbazaar approach road

SOURCE: en.climate-data.org; viewed on march 16th, 2017

Site context

FORM FOLLOWS SITE AND MOVEMENT with mutual relation “ EVERY BUILDING SHOULD GROW NATURALLY FROM ITS ENVIRONMENT ”, Frank Lloyd W.

1

FLATTERN

2

BUILDING ADJUSTMENT

3

EXTRUDE

CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

7

4

ADJUSTING TO FIT WITH SITE AND FUNCTION

5

CREATION OF TERMINAL WING

6

CREATION OF ACCOMODATION TOWER

“Form follows function – that has been misunderstood. Form and function should be one, joined in a spiritual union.” Frank Lloyd Wright

CREATION OF LONG SPAN SHADES Which are truth to material (Steel and concrete)

MERGING THE FORM WITH FUNCTION

Design Concept

CIRCULATION

BUS PEDESTRIAN PRIVATE (PICK & DROP) (PARK & RIDE)

Circulation

LEVITATING ARCHITECTURE

Shifting of masses and raising the building on piloties can help in the process of natural ventilation

 FOCUS ON PRESERVING THE ECOSYSTEM THAT FLOURISHES IN THE GROUND  HARMONY WITH THE SITE, VIEWS AND HUMAN VISION TAKEN INTO PERSPECTIVE FOR LEVITATION

Sustainable composition

Design

ENTRANCE PLAZA

Design

USE OF PERMEABLE PAVEMENT

Design

Marshalls Priora Permeable Pavement

SOURCE: (www.youtube.com;marshalls; viewed on Jan 19th, 2017)

Permeable pavement

XTREME STRUCTURES AND FABRICATION (xsf) TRIANGULAR TRUSS – MAXIMUM SPAN

12 m

Structure

Wheelchair user escalator

 Divided structural members  Economic for span 30 m  Maximum span applied for 25 m  Increase in stiffness rather than strength

tactile paving

COMPOSITE TRUSS

SOURCE: (www.accessible-japan.com)

Structure

SOURCE: (baradpooshesh.com; viewed on march 14th, 2017)

Roof Garden

Berth area

Arrival and departure berth

tactile paving Wheelchair user escalator SOURCE: (www.accessible-japan.com)

Berth area

Smog vacuum cleaner SOURCE: (www. inhabitat.com/worlds-largest-smog-sucking-vacuum-cleaner-could-rid-cities-of-pollution/)

Berth area

SOURCE: (www. ted.com; viewed on Sep 19th, 2017)

Smog Vacuum Cleaner

SMOG VACUUM CLEANER

 DESIGNER DAAN ROOSEGAARDE  7 m tall  Cleans 30,000 cubic meters of air per hour  Effective radius 300 m

Smog vacuum cleaner

1 smog free ring = 3 1000 m clean air

SOURCE: (www. inhabitat.com/worlds-largest-smog-sucking-vacuum-cleaner-could-rid-cities-of-pollution/)

Berth area

SOURCE: (www. malaysiahydroponics.com)

Nutrient film technique

Hydroponic technique Free flow of air and cleans it

Horizontal NFT system

 Prototype stage  Efficiencies above 5%  Traditional solar panels 15-18%  Can be use in windows

SOURCE: (www. energy.mit.edu/news/transparent-solar-cells/)

Transparent solar cells

Green electrical energy

Real time Information display boards

Reed Beds are aquatic plant based systems which allow bacteria, fungi and algae to digest the sewage and clean the water.

SOURCE: (www.info.cat.org.uk/questions/water-and-sewage/what-are-reed-beds/)

Reed Beds

SOURCE: (www. bowen2bangladesh.wordpress.com/2016/05/31/flooding-yesterday-in-banepa/)

2016-5-31 and 2018-7-20 for around 6 hours

Earthquake

Flooding in Banepa

Topmix permeable concrete SOURCE: (www. tarmac.com/solutions/readymix/topmix-permeable/)

Permeable Concrete

Permeable concrete

Road level

Solution of Flooding

    

Recycled material Context changes with innovation Use of green energy Plan for future Sustainable approach

SOURCE: (www. indiatimes.com/news/world/these-eco-friendly-buses.html

Design for Future

One step towards sustainability The one thing all humans share is that we all inhabit the same limited amount of real estate, which is Planet Earth. – Bjarke Ingels

Sustainable Urban Design