STANCHION | 5th Issue | July '21 by NIT Patna Architecture Publications

DETAILS STANCHION JULY ‘21 5TH ISSUE

PUBLISHED ON

13th July, 2021

Publication Club, Department of Architecture and Planning, National Institute of Technology Patna

STANCHION | JULY ‘21

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/ NIT Patna Architecture

TEAM STANCHION EDITORS B.V.S. Chinmayee Content Editor bc.ug19.ar@nitp.ac.in

Shreya Sinha Editor shreyas.ug19.ar@nitp.ac.in

Nutan Nimje Developmental Editor nutann.ug19.ar@nitp.ac.in

MEMBERS Prit Pranay Ranjit Gochhayat Tanzeelur Rahman Sikha Balangouda Mahantesh Patil Roshani Kumari Rahulxavier T Varsha Yashaswi Harsh Annu Akanksha Priya Mishra Pritam Kumar Bhowmick

ILLUSTRATION TEAM

B.V.S. Chinmayee Rahulxavier T Pritam Kumar Bhowmick

Ranjit Gochhayat Yashaswi Harsh Priya Mishra

DESIGN TEAM Shreya Sinha Nutan Nimje Yashaswi Harsh Priya Mishra

COVER SKETCHES

PAINTINGS

Roshani Kumari Rahulxavier T

Tanzeelur Rahman

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PR TEAM

STANCHION | JULY ‘21 - Tanzeelur Rahman (2019) 4

EDITOR’S NOTE There is a surge of development escalating the demand for various services which imparts immense pressure on the resources. Thus preserving the surviving resources is an important task. This issue is focused on Green technologies and sustainability trend of the discipline. This would be the first issue published by us after we took the responsibilities from our senior batches who have been guiding us to complete this issue. In this issue we tried to convey the significance of practical apprehension of the discipline through our cover story. We have mentioned some recent achievements by the students of our department and some recent work by some of our professors. This time we included interview of a graduate, describing some emerging trends and complications of the field. We have included the architect section which contains the details of the 2021 Pritzker Prize laureates, the recent innovation of kinetic pavement, and an article on terracotta briefly describing its cooling effects. We included a case study on Mundeshwari temple, considered as one of the oldest standing hindu temple. Apart from these we have introduced a section for case study on green buildings. instituted this year. successful the faculty information

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The batch of 2k16, which the magazine is graduating We wish them a blissful and life ahead. We have included profile of the department for the of the readers.

FACULTY PROFILE Prof. (Dr.) Manoj Kumar Professor Head of Department Research Interest: Architecture, Urban Planning, Rural & Regional Planning Dr Fulena Rajak Professor Research Interest: Architecture, Conservation Dr. Kamini Sinha Associate Professor Research Interest: Architecture, Sustainable Architecture, Green Architecture, Architecture Heritage Conservation, Urban Conservation Dr. Bijay Kumar Das Associate Professor Research Interest: Building Science, Regional Planning, Urban Economics Dr. Shailendra K. Mandal Assistant Professor Research Interest: Climate Change and Climate Variability, Climate Change Adaptation, Water Security and Sustainability, Urban Resilience and Urban Sustainability, Sustainable Urban Planning, Sustainable Architecture, Sustainable Development

Research

Interest:

Dr. Ajay Kumar Assistant Professor Architecture, Urban Planning, Sustainable Development

Anjali Sharma Assistant Professor Research Interest: Ecologically Sustainable Intelligent Cities, Earthquake Resistant Buildings STANCHION | JULY ‘21

Dr. Mazharul Haque Assistant Professor Research Interest: Architectural Design, Building Construction, Historical Architecture, Computer Application in Architecture, Universal Design Dr. Ravish Kumar Assistant Professor Research Interest: Architecture, Project Management

Dr. Md. Danish Assistant Professor Research Interest: Tourism Planning, Sustainability, Housing, Urban Planning Ar. Anushri Barman Assistant Professor Research Interest: Traditional knowledge systems ,Wetland conservation ,Sustainable built environment Ar. Abhishek Kumar Bittu Assistant Professor Research Interest: Architecture, Housing, Urban planning, Water supply and sanitation, Sustainable Development Dr. Kranti Kumar Maurya Assistant Professor Research Interest: Architecture, Urban Planning, Governance, Smart Cities, Fringe area development Ar. Sandeep Kumar Assistant Professor Research Interest: Landscape architecture and ecology, Urban design, Public Realm Design. Ar. Supriya Kumari Assistant Professor Research Interest: Noise pollution, environment pollution, Urban planning, Architecture Ar. Supriya Kumari Assistant Professor Research Interest: Residential satisfaction Dr. Smriti Ashok Assistant Professor Research Interest: Ecotourism Sustainability, Urban Recreation Study, Green Infrastructure Development in Spatial Planning

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Ar. Manohar Kr. Gupta Assistant Professor Research Interest: Metropolitan region development index, Regional connectivity and economic development, Rural area Planning Mr. Amit Kr. Bala Assistant Professor Research Interest: Land use and special planning, GIS and remote sensing, transportation planning

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- Tanzeelur Rahman (2019) 8

Achievements

Revival of Mythological Legend

Design Fiascos

Mundeshwari Temple

Pavegen

Batch of 2k16

Alumni Talk with Ar. Akhtar Imam

Ar. Anne Lacaton & Ar. Jean Phillipe Vassal -The DUO

Toon

Terracotta

Fun Section

The Energy Research Institute (TERI), Bangalore

Upcoming Competitions

Reference

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C O N T E N T

ACHIEVEMENTS The “HERITAGE BUILDINGS OF PATNA OVERLOOKING GANGES OR NEAR IT” book is written by two of our professors from National Institute of Technology Patna, Dr. Fulena Rajak and Dr. Ravish Kumar. The book is a documentation of glorious architectural monuments standing on the banks of the river Ganges or near to it. These heritage monuments such as important buildings, temples, mosques, tombs, churches and gurudwaras are beautifully documented with the help of sketches, photographs and drawings. The book takes reader back to the rich history of Patna by explaining the legacy of the architectural style and history related to these heritage buildings. The book is a documentation of 68 such monuments including the buildings either in ruined state or demolished.

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BOOK BY TWO OF OUR PROFESSORS

Archana Doimari (2k16) IIT Delhi “I appeared for CEED Examination 2021 and successfully qualified it. I applied for the Master in Design program in three institutes separately – IIT Delhi, IIT Guwahati, and IDC IIT Bombay and was shortlisted in all the three institutes to appear for the interview and design test round. I finished my interview and after long wait, I finally got shortlisted and received my admission offer letter. And I must mention that the admission process for IDC IIT Bombay was comparatively more intense than the other two.” “When I started my preparation I couldn’t find any books related to CEED, so I had to refer other sources to study which was somewhat confusing. My suggestion for design aspirants who want to prepare for CEED would be to start the preparation by solving previous year question papers.”

GUINNESS WORLD RECORD

Tapala Nadamuni (2k19) “I acquired Guinness world record for creating the smallest vacuum cleaner which was 1.76 cm in size. The record was confirmed on 15 September, 2020. I came across this project through internet and thought I had the potential to work on it. With the help of my professor Dr. Bijay Kumar Das sir I successfully completed the project.”

GATE AR 2021

Yatish Naman Asthana (2k17) AIR 02 Yatish Naman Asthana from 4th year has achieved All India Rank 2 in GATE Architecture and Planning. In his conversation with us he said “I was pretty sure that I would achieve a decent score after I came out of the exam hall. I was quite delighted with my results, I received calls from my relatives, friends and well-wishers. I was determined to clear this examination since my 2nd year when one of my senior made it into top ranks in GATE, Well, I started serious preparation during my 4th year when I roughly had one and a half month left for exam. Class lectures played an important role in my preparation. I focused on regular classes and did self study, which helped me clear concepts and theory which is why I could cover theory part of the syllabus efficiently. I utilised online sources and solved previous year papers to gain grip over the knowledge on subject and new topics. Numerical is the scoring section of the exam to attain a decent score. Managing time was quite difficult during this period, being an architecture student one has to complete a lot of assignments and they do consume good amount of time, one must maintain daily or weekly goals and complete them. The journey was long and staying motivated and inspired is important, I didn’t have a single source of inspiration, my family played an important role in my journey, and they were supportive and understanding. There are several professionals from the architecture fraternity who have achieved heights and help me stay motivated to learn and acquire knowledge. As an advice I would say give good amount of time for preparation and stay motivated towards your goal.“ Covered by -Pritam Kr. Bhowmick (1st Year) 11

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POST- GRADUATION

Revival of the Mythological Legend

- Balangouda Mahantesh Patil (1st Year)

SHRI MARUTI HANUMAN MANDIR Shri Maruti Hanuman Mandir is at Mahavir Chauraha, Ram Chandra Nagar Dighi-Kala, Hajipur, Vaishali (Bihar). It’s a beautifully planned temple reaching to a height of 101feet from the ground level. The design of the project is carried out by Prof. Manoj Kumar and Dr. Ravish Kumar with an assistance of Yatish Naman Asthana (B.Arch. Sem 9). The Sacred Garbhagriha is located at the upper ground floor of the temple with a beautifully designed Pradkshina Patha around the Sacred Garbhagriha. The first floor has a prayer hall with decorative arches, parapets and columns around.

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As the temple reaches to a height of 101feet above ground level, only about 32 feet is accessible to the devotees. The remaining 69-70 feet is the shikhara. The Shikhara is in the circular form placed on the rectangular platform. It is beautifully designed by Yatish Naman Asthana with an inspiration of lord hanumans gada(mace) placed in a lotus.the Amalaka depicts the bulged part of the gada and the handle of the gada is beautifully designed along the centre of the shikhara. the four corners of the shikara have well designed cupola, attached to which we can find petals of lotus. The temple is built by using all the design principles and techniques. The proportion and balance principles have been wisely used to construct the temple. The temple appears as a stunning beauty reaching the sky with its extraordinary aesthetic looks and an architectural glory. 12

SHRI SHAKTHI PEETHA MAA CHANDIKA STHANA

Mythological Aspects: Shri Shakthipeetha Maa Chandika Sthana is one of the holiest temples, myth says that, when mother Parvati killed herself as Sati for her father insulting Lord Shiva, Lord Shive out of rage roamed all three worlds with the burnt body of mother Sati on his shoulders. To control the anger of Lord Shiva, Lord Vishnu dismembered the body of mother Sati with his Sudarshan Chakra. Wherever the body parts of Mother Sati fell on earth were considered as Shaktipeethas. It is said that the left eye of Mother Sati fell at this holy place. Here people suffering from incurable eye diseases get cured by applying the holy kajal available here. It is also believed that, at the period of Mahabharata, the Anga Raja Karna, a devotee of Maa Chandika used to worship

mother by diving in a pan of boiling oil every day. Every time mother used to retrieve him back to life and give him 50 Mon of gold to distribute among the poor. Architectural Aspects: The holy temple is located in the rocky hill cave. Due to extensive crowding and water logging, it is decided to refurbish the temple. The temple project is newly designed by Prof. Manoj Kumar and Dr. Ravish Kumar with an assistance of Yatish Naman Asthana (B.Arch. Sem 9). The Sacred Garbhagriha is in the basement on which stands the beautifully designed Shikhara. There are 4 Urushikharas (subsidiary shrines) around the shikharas. The temple has separate entrance and exit with a covered path way. The holy Shikhara is designed by Yatish Naman Asthana with an inspiration of Achyut Purushotham Kanvinde’s (Indian Architect, famous for ISKCON temple design New Delhi) style.in his style there are designed circular openings in the Shikhara for ventilation, but in this temple designs to prevent water logging there are closed circular designs in the Shikhara. The The temple is beautifully designed with relaxing areas around. There are two more shrines at the entrance and exit space. The temple is well designed and planned to prevent from water logging and extensive crowding with a beautiful aesthetic appearance.

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Shri Shakthipeetha Maa Chandika Sthana also known as “Chandika Sthana”is situated in Munger, in the state of Bihar. It is a 65 feet tall temple, and also one of the 51 Shatkhipeethas. The main deity of the temple is mother Chandika, resemblance of goddess Parvati Devi. The temple is located 2 km away from Munger town in a hill cave on the banks of river Ganges.

DESIGN FIAS COS - Prit Pranay (2nd Year)

Among the primary jobs of an architect is to enhance the aesthetics and functionality of the building they design. Though by no means easy, more often than not this is achieved in spades by them. No amount of deliberation, however, is sufficient to avert the occasional mishaps that could lead to fiascos. Before we discuss it any further, let us take a look at some of these fiascos and the reasons behind.

20 Fenchurch Street, London Needless to say, the objects in this range met their peril. The affected include slate tiles of the restaurant across the street and panels, mirrors and other parts of Martyn Lyndsey’s Jaguar XJ. On top of that the building was criticized for its appearance leading to its eventual win of the infamous Carbuncle cup in 2015.

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This 38-storey building nick named “the walkie talkie” is designed by Rafael viñoly. The south facade of this building is concave and reflective. It therefore acts as a mirror with the temperature at its focal point reaching up to 110oC for almost two hours daily which amounts to a beam of light approximately 6 times brighter than the direct sunlight.

Vadara hotel and spa, Las Vegas, Nevada Rafael viñoly got his optics jumbled once again in designing this exquisite tourist stay and once again let its south facade concentrate noon sunlight into a death ray on a 4000 sq. ft. pool. Intense heat is generated roughly for 1.5 hours a day depending upon the season and reports of sunburn and objects being melted/disfigured are not uncommon.

Kemper arena, Kansas, Missouri, US

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This indoor stadium which opened in 1976 was designed to release rainwater but it ended up accumulating and increasing the load on the structure which led to its eventual collapse in July 1979 when a storm hit it. Apart from this, specifics of the bolts used in hangers to suspend the roof were also severely miscalculated.

Tacoma Narrows bridge, Washington, US

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This bridge which opened in 1940 was, at the time, the third longest suspension bridge in the world. It lasted for a mere period of 4 months and 7 days before collapsing due to aeroelastic flutter. Usually, in a bridge, trusses are incorporated to allow the wind to pass through the structure. Here, however, the design forced the wind to move above and below the bridge. This resulted in noticeable twisting of the bridge into two parts, the structure experienced 14 vibrations/minutes which led to span members' alternated hogging and sagging. The towers were pulled towards each other, dominant cracks developed in the bridge and eventually the entire bridge collapsed into the river. This was perhaps one of the most spectacular failures of design.

The Carbuncle Cup was an award given to the "the ugliest building in the United Kingdom completed in the last 12 months" by the magazine named Building Design. It started in 2006 and the last carbuncle cup was given in 2018.

W. E. B. Du Bois Library, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, US

The above are not mere examples of carelessness and they most certainly do not do justice to the abilities of their respective architects. These serve as remainders of how ignorance and miscalculation of a very minor degree in the planning and design stage can blow totally out of proportion at the completion. Also, they are thriving portrayals of a concept being sound in theory but disastrous in practice. Above all they once again hammer the point home that architecture is an extension of humanity itself and like all things human, it is also prone to errors of calculation and judgement. So this is not a criticism but merely an observation on what could go wrong and where to look for mistakes because sooner or later, they are bound to happen. 17

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The third tallest library in the world and also the tallest academic research library established in 1974 and designed by Edward Durrell Stone was originally intended to be an office building. Rumour has it that the weight of the books, when it got turned into library was not taken into consideration and as a result the building started sinking. After confirmation about 60,000 books were later removed from the building.

Mundeshwari Temple

- Shreya Sinha (2nd Year)

KAIMUR

Building Material: Sandstone Architectural Style: Nagara style of temple architecture Plan: Octagonal Completed: 635 CE

The oldest functional Hindu temple surviving today, the Mundeshwari temple, is located at an elevation of 608 feet on the Mundeshwari hills of Kaimur plateau near Son River, Bihar. Since 1915, it is under the protection of the Archaeological Survey of India. According to the inscriptions found in the temple dated 635 c A.D., it’s believed to belongs to the Gupta Age. After the declaration of all the facts in 2008, Bihar State Religious Trust Board unitedly fixed their date to 108 CE. It is evident from the topography and relics that the temple was a part of a fort and temple complex which, got destroyed when Muslim ruler Sher Shah set up in this area. The shikhara that was probably pyramidal with an amalaka, and mandapa also collapsed due to some reason. The flat roof we see today was a recent restoration.

The architecture and vastu of this Shiv and Parvati temple are unique. The octagonal sanctum measures 12.2 meters in external diameter and 6 meters internally having, four entrances opening in cardinal directions. The distance between one door to the opposite is 14 meters. There are doors and windows on the four sides of the temple and, on the remaining four sides, there are small niches meant for placing deity idols. The principal entrance of the temple is from the east, evident by few pillars still seen. The door is a fine specimen of architecture carved with figures of dancers and musicians. Francis Buchanan in, his account of ‘The District of Shahabad’ in 1812-13, stated that the temple is supported by four columns of order common in Behar, and had eight similar columns supporting a porch.

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Exterior view of niches (above) and doors (below). © rohtasdistrict.com

In the centre of the sanctum, the four-faced Shivalinga is installed, and the main deity i.e., Devi Mundeshwari is placed in a sub-chamber. In the other two niches, a statue of Lord Ganesha and Kartikeya were placed, which have been destroyed. The inscriptions seen on the pillars of the temple are carved with the figure of deities. One pillar for each Lord Surya, Vishnu, Shiva- Parvati, and Ganesha was carved between the 6th to 7th centuries. Besides these, few images of Buddha and Jain god were recorded.

Presumed Sikhara of Mundeshwari Temple according to existing temple design and Shri Yantra. © Mundeshwari Mandir: The oldest, recorded temple in

Most of the damages caused to the Mundeshwari temple are not man-made but instinctive due to time. Parts of the temple have weathered into pieces.

BSRTB is dedicated towards the development of the Mundeshwari temple. A historical film was decided for the site, and even a proposal to build a ropeway was sent to ASI. This effort is to develop the temple site into a full-fledged pilgrim centre with amenities like dormitories, kitchens, and well-organized transportation. The development plan even includes a ‘vivah’ mandap in two and a half acres. Every year, a big annual fair is held here on the occasion of ‘Navaratra’. A large number of pilgrims visit here for festivals, which is somewhere causing pressure on the hill’s ecology. The view of the hill’s vegetation and the art of this site is well worth a visit and even further excavation. © Midstick Q&A

The archaeological remains around Mundeshvari temple, Bihar.

Different levels of Shri Yantra through which Sikhara of Mundeshwari temple can be constructed © Mundeshwari Mandir: The oldest, recorded temple in

Cubical form of Shri Yantra

The Chaturmukh Shivling placed in the Mundeshwari temple is constructed of a special stone that changes its colour along with the position of the sun and stone.

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The first-ever record published about the site was by Thomas and William Daniell who visited the temple in 1790. A book on the temple ‘Mundeshwari Mandir: The oldest recorded temple in the country’ was released in March 2011.

Afternoon

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Statue in Statue in Statue in morning time afternoon time evening time © The Hindu

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- Nutan Nimje (2nd Year)

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THE POWER OF FOOTSTEPS © Digital Trends

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e live in the world which demands for energy. Energy demand is increasing at an alarming rate and the availability of these energy resources is decreasing everyday. Depending on the conventional energy resources to meet the never ending demand of energy is inadequate. We need to search for more sources of energy which are renewable, sustainable, pollution free and be more efficient. PAVEGEN- Laurence came up with an idea to harvest energy from day to day human activities into electrical energy. The objective of pavegen is to generate green, clean, renewable and environmentally friendly energy generation. To use for smart data sensing. However the device need to be installed in an urban environment, with presence of high human activities, which will offer greater potential for energy generation. It is a technology that offers tangible way to engross people with renewable energy generation. The technology helps to convert pedestrian energy to electrical energy. The tile generates electricity through deformation of the tile under load. PAVEGEN TILE- The old version of the tiles were squared in shape, while the latest version are shaped triangular which consist of a generator in each corner, to maximize the energy output on each footfall. Material used to make the tile are recycled. The top surface of the tile is made from recycled tier rubber and stainless steel. The base of the slab is constructed from over 80% recycled materials with concrete.

Laurence Kemball Cook Industrialist and Designer Founded Pavegen in 2009

Tile Size- 600x450x87mm Cost of each tile- Rs 5,000 approx WORKING PRINCIPLE- Kinetic tiles work on the principle of electromagnetic induction by copper coils and magnets. It works because of the principle of Piezoelectricity.

Pavegen have distributors in Australia, New Zealand, Korea, Singapore, Thailand, Portugal, India and Japan. The first successful pavement was installed in 2012 at London West Ham underground station for Olympics Games.

PAVENGEN TILE

PAVEGEN IN INDIAThe New Intel Campus (SRR4) in Bengaluru has successfully installed the Pavegen at the entrance walkway of the building.

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Piezoelectric element are used as transducer. When an object is the subjected to mechanical pressure it creates electrical current. It converts the kinetic energy into electrical energy upon stepping on the tile. The footfall compresses the tile by about 5mm.Pavegen tiles are electromagnetic, they have flywheels beneath them that spon when walked on, producing upto 7W energy with every footfall. The electricity can be used to power appliance directly or stored for later use.

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Rakhi Archana Doimari Chetan Siddhartha Surbhi Kumari Md. Firdous Alam Abhishek Choudhary Vansh Raj Ritesh Khan Md. Zahid Wasim Kartik Barthwal Rik Chattopadhyay Aditya Ranjan Avinash Yadav Amar Kumar Subhagata Mukhopadhy

Mritunjay Kumar S Harikrishna

Vandana Rani Kajal Kumari

Ravi Prakash Rahul Kumar Suraj Prakash Singh Chanda Kumari

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Sharma Vikas Kumar Kumari Pratima Ratan Kumar yay Syed Ghausul Hoda Abhishek Kumar Md. Athar Ansari

ALUMNI TALK Covered by -Rahulxavier T (1st Year)

Ar. Akhtar Imam

(B.ARCH, IGBC AP, AIIA) 1993 Batch, Department of Architecture, NIT Patna (formally known as BCE, Patna) Director -Design & Projects Genesis Planners Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore www.genesisplanners.in

C: +91 9035148549 E: imamakhtar@gmail.com L: linkedin.com/in/akhtar-imam-361757104

How was your journey from a student to a practitioner and to a position you are in right now? I started working on small and some professional projects during my 3rd year with the help of a small team consisting of juniors from my college. After receiving my degree I got a proposal from one of my senior Ar. Amit Kumar to work together. We started a small office in Patna, to our surprise we kicked off with a good amount of projects fee during our initial months. Later we started earning sufficient to hire some staff and later shifted to a bigger space in Fraser Road, I worked there for the next 7 years.

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What are your field of interests? My core and expertise are all type of residential development projects with different types of building construction technology including precast, 3D precast, mivan, Top-down construction, steel, prefabricated building, and RCC. Vastu is also one of my interests on which I have written some articles, other than these I’m also interested in detailing of building elements, building Bye laws, NBC etc. In terms of kind of projects I take up, I’m very much interested in projects which include utilization of new technologies and I feel quite enthusiastic to work on such new and different projects. Other than professional work I had interest to write story, I wrote for some articles in magazines and newspapers and I have a hobby to read books even out of my sphere time. I read something at least for 30 minutes daily. I even have a small library in my house with some interesting books of my interest. In our current curriculum, the subject of building materials and building construction emphasize on conventional materials and tribemate systems, according to you how should these subjects be taught and what all should be included? It is important for students to explore these all type of new building materials which all may not be included in syllabus. In building materials students tend to learn about conventional materials through some standard books but when we enter the professional field, we find a 24

lot of materials which one might not have come across previously. There are newly emerging techniques of building construction namely precast construction, 3d precast construction, 3d printing of building, Mivan shuttering (aluminium shuttering) for erecting walls and top down construction. In my opinion it may not be possible for our education system to keep updating the curriculum as per the advancements so the students must take the initiative to make oneself aware and updated. Knowledge about such innovations in the sphere could be developed through attending workshops and seminar and visiting the vendors and material showrooms. Could you explain us about some recent advancements in construction field? Precast and 3D Precast construction are an important advancement in building construction. Generally, to erect a building one need to contact several agencies, engage several workers to fix various structural and building elements/ fixtures in a building, but precast construction gives a packed form of a building constructed completely in factory and all elements are brought to site in pieces which are later arranged together with the help of robotic cranes controlled by software and computer. This technique utilises advanced technology, for instance, the BIM technology where the entire coordination is first carried out on paper which is later read by a machine without human interference. My first project in 2D precast building was constructed in Mangalore for Yenepoya medical college family accommodation building, which was built in a period of 8 months. One important task during the period of construction was to minimise disturbance at site and reduce the pollution. Precast construction proved to be advantageous in these aspects other than reduced construction time. I later worked on another project which was built using 3D precast construction technique in Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu in a period of 6 months. Both the buildings are 10 story building Fully furnished. Why is it important for one to grow and keep oneself updated with the emerging techniques? Developing and keeping oneself updated by the new advancements is important which is not merely restrained to architecture discipline. At the time of my graduation, we as students carried out our work through hand drafted designs, but the current trend is different. We find several new software serving various purpose of drafting, modelling and rendering. For instance, if we tend continue with our system of preparing designs hand drafted, the machine functioned to read the design draft in precast construction would not perform task, since it is programmed to read software-based drawings. We have to constantly upgrade ourselves to put the emerging techniques and technology into use to keep ourselves updated at global level. © Katerra Affordable Housing Project for EWS and LIG section of the society, Krishnagiri

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When we work on our design projects during our semesters, if we tend to use something unconventional and our final work isn’t accepted, as a student how do we tackle the situation and improve our design skills? Some of our building codes are not written to accommodate new techniques of construction due to which the safety of the structure cannot be justified. While we were working on our project to build a hospital using precast technique, we had to take approval from IIT Roorkee where they went through and analysed the safety of the structure. Other obstacle for students arises with the level of knowledge one maintains about the new technique; it is important to justify the safety of your design before the jurists. Students can explore new advancements and even use them in their projects but they must ensure good knowledge about it which can be achieved through several online sources and discussion with professional of the field. LinkedIn a professional network app may be helpful to get connected with experts. With reference to any of your project could you enlighten us about new techniques in construction? We have worked on a project in Bangalore, it is an IT building at Manyata Tech Park by MFar Developer. There were several high-rise buildings all around the site and the project itself was a high-rise structure. It was difficult for us to dig basements and lay the foundations without disturbing the stability of the other structures, here we have used Top-Down construction technology. In TopDown construction, first we build a floor then it is pushed down. Another project is WF48, Bangalore, where there was an issue to build the basements as they touched the rock after construction of one basement. So here we developed parking in above two levels above ground and residential towers were designed to come over it. Some of my projects you can see on google like Purva Zenium in Bangalore, Adora de Goa, provident Tree, Bangalore, Vedanta township, Jharsuguda, Kalahandi hospital, Bhawanipatna, Orissa, AWHO, Bangalore and Mysore, Ozone polestar etc. We have designed a swimming pool with all water activities, water sunken bar, lazy river, water fun activities, sand volleyball area and water activities in 5 acers of land in the project , Adora de Goa. All these projects were done through the company called KGD Architecture, Bangalore ( now KDPL, Bangalore) where i was working as Associate Director till April 2021. There’s been a global shift towards judicial consumption of resources, we have understood the importance to protect and restore the natural environment, could you explain us through your design projects how the advancement in material and techniques would be helpful to achieve this? Let me take you back to the precast construction technique, in normal construction the building undergoes RCC curing for 21 days but in precast construction the curing takes

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Und (GFC

Purva Zenium

place in controlled conditions in the factory using vapours in less than 8 days, which helps to achieve the same strength of the structure but in less time and using less amount of water. Secondly, we can reduce the amount of carbon footprint generated, in normal construction for instance large quantity transportation is used for bringing all building materials to the construction site while in precast as it is all factory made so transportation is used to bring the raw materials are less due to bulk orders and reducing the carbon footprint. Another important advancement is the introduction of engineered sand and wood, which is made using stones rather than using normal sand collected from river bed and wood materials are also not the real wood. There are even several substitutes for wood like MBF (Medium density Fibre board) and use of artificial granite and marble for flooring. Recent advancements in some building materials allowed us to reuse the material collected from demolished building also. Would you like to share any story or experience of yours from your collage days? I remember my first day of college, like every first-year student I was stepping into a completely new place with new people around. As usual the interaction of senior junior was going on all around. The final year batch was about to have their submission for thesis which was roughly a week away. I was asked to help in making model of the thesis project for one of my seniors. It was for his final submission. I expressed him my concern about my low experience to work on such models, he comforted and encouraged me to take up the task but he was very stressed too. Later in the hostel I could find several juniors helping out seniors, this was something new that I experienced. I was quite excited to work on model. I added extra doors and windows to make it more beautiful which my senior was not able to noticed. The senior was busy with his other stuff so he couldn’t check if I was working according to a new plan in my mind instead of actual design. I completed the model and I was quite satisfied with the work. It was the day of jury. The jurists were pretty impressed with the model. When the project was explained in detail, they found that the model didn’t match the plan. The positioning of doors and windows were completely different. The senior was clueless about how he could commit such blunder. With my effort the poor guy repeated one extra year, well it was a classical irony that I helped him but somehow it was not worth it.

For the students and readers, I would suggest to attain knowledge from every way possible. Even in college try to organise knowledge sharing session in group where the students can discuss about new development, talk about your hobbies, talk about new book published, talk about seminar attended etc rather than working alone. Try to work in groups to share thoughts, ideas and try to share Knowledge is not merely limited to books, as an architecture student try to explore and analyse the surroundings when you travel and try to connect to some vendors or showrooms of building materials to organise sessions. Whatever source or method you apply always try to ENHANCE AND IMPROVE YOUR KNOWLEDGE, SKILL AND PERSONALITY which will help you to become a good professional to serve the society for upgrade the lifestyle of mankind. 27

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A piece of advice for our readers.

Ar. Anne Lacaton & Ar. Jean Phillipe Vassal - THE DUO - Roshani Kumari (1st Year)

French architect Anne Lacaton and Jean Phillipe Vassal are the 2021 Pritzker prize laureates for whom demolishing is an act of violence.

STANCHION | JULY ‘21

Ar. Anne Lacaton became the 6th female laureate and the first French female laureate of the Pritzker Prize.

and Vassal moved to Niger West Africa to practice urban planning but they often visited each other.

Anne Lacaton and Jean Phillipe Vassal knew each other from the duration of formal architecture training at Ecole Nationale Superieure D’Architecture etde Paysage de Bourdeaux (ENSAPBx) in the late 1970s.

Their first joint project was a straw hut built with local Bush branches, sand and mud in Niamey, Niger, Brazil. This was the duration of time when they learned the reverence to other architects and built their ideology which is reflected by their build projects, ‘the ideology of reverence to never demolish what could be the redeemed and instead make sustainable what already exists and

After their formal architecture training, Lacaton went on to pursue masters in urban planning from Bordeaux Montaigne University 28

reflects social justice’. In 1987, “LACATON & VASSAL” was established in Paris which have been designing multiple projects for three decades ranging from private to social housing, from cultural to academic institution, from public spaces to urban strategies. The duo’s architecture reflects their advocacy of social justice and sustainability by prioritizing a generosity of space and freedom of use through economical and ecological material through addition, respecting the luxury of simplicity and us proposing new possibilities .

“Transformation is the opportunity of doing more and better with what is already existing.” - Anne Lacaton “The demolishing is a decision of easiness and short term. It is a waste of many things – a waste of energy, a waste of material, and a waste of material, and a waste of history. Moreover, it has a very negative social impact. For us, it is an act of violence.” - Jean Vassal Some of the famous examples of this are :• 530 dwellings Grand parc Bordeaux, 2017, Bordeaux • House in Bordeaux, 1999 Bordeaux • Ecole Nationale Superieure d’Architecture de Nantes, 2009, Nante • FRAC Nord – pas de calois, 2013, Dunkirk • CAP Ferret house, 1998, cap ferret • Tour Bois lnew possibilities • Latapie house, 1993 • Le grand sud multipurpose theatre, 2013, Lille • Oureq- juares student and social housing, 2014, paris Palais de Tokya, 2014, Paris

CAP FERRET HOUSE: CAP Ferret house, 1998, cap ferret, France was built on an undeveloped plot along Arcachon Bay. Rather than cutting many trees they chose to elavate the home constructing around the trucks that intersected it, allowing occupants to live among the plant life.

LATAPIE HOUSE: Latapie house , Floirac , France, (1993). They applied greenhouse technologies, the sun, in harmony with natural ventilation, solar shading and insulation, to create adjustable and desirable microclimates.

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GRAND PARC BORDEAUX, 500 DWELLINGS: A social housing project which have been renovated in previous years to allow for better thermal performance meaning the actual quality of life was not vastly improved. Built in the early 60’s the urban housing counts 4000+ dwellings. The 3 buildings G, H and I, 10 to 15 floors high gather 530 dwellings are transformed into beautiful dwellings with redefined qualities and comfort. The addition of the new balconies and conservatory has allowed its occupants to have a better quality of space, improved natural ventilation, better climatic control and some quality living. They established a high standard guideline for how to renovate residential housing blocks.

Freedom of use written by duo reflects on these core values to present a fluid narrative of Lacaton and Vassal's body of work, articulated through processes of collection, addition and extension. Anne taught in different schools in Europe and United States and have been a professor at GSD in study abroad from 2010-2011. She has been teaching in LA & ETSAM in Madrid. Phillippe has taught in Dusseldorf in LA and Berlin, and now continues teaching in Berlin in UDX school as a professor.

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Once the duo was asked to redesign a public square in Bordeaux, after months of study they came on conclusion that nothing needs to be changed. Everything is perfect as it is and public money should be invested elsewhere.

Please don’t call the cops.

Deal... By the way.. what do you do?

STANCHION | JULY ‘21

If you help me with my assignment, I won’t call the cops. Deal?

Call the cops!!

I’m an archi student. 31

TERRACOTTA - Sikha (1st(1st Year) -Shikha Kumari Year)

Terracotta, which is an Italian word means ‘baked earth’. The fact that clay when exposed to heat, becomes a hard brittle substance, was initially invented for ceramic and sculpture work. Terracotta before long discovered its potential as a building material, generally used in architecture to trace the form of masonry made from molded clay. The use of terracotta in building constructions started from producing bricks, roof tiles, and linings with glazed, unglazed, or painted appearances

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Terracotta has a long and eminent history as a form of architectural adornment with beautiful examples from ancient Greek temples and Renaissance churches of north Italy. It was quite an important part of ancient symbolic structures like the Great Wall of China, the Dome of Cathedral in Florence, Italy, Haghia Sophia, Bhitargaon temple, and Jain temple in the Mahbubnagar district of India, and many others. The earliest use of terracotta in construction included hallow pots filled with concrete or as solid blocks made in the same way as brick or stones, but gradually with the advancement in architecture, the old methodology also changed. Advances in machines forced out terracotta and made it competitive with other hallow clay tile alternatives with time. By the 1960s, it flustered with the introduction of more synthetic materials in the construction market. 22 32

SHoP immersive terracotta enclosure

Furthermore, it is pollution resistant, can be mass-produced, time-proof, economical, sustainable and recyclable, corrosionresistant, an energy-saving alternative, appealing & attractive.

Alluding to modern architecture, many intellectuals and architects have acknowledged the value of terracotta as an ideal material for public building facades and construction motives. Since it does not require much maintenance, it’s ecological, inexpensive, and offers great potential in terms of design. Architects who favor green architecture, view terracotta as the perfect source for mass- producing fine masonry by combining new technology with traditional craftsmanship. The use of terracotta in modern architecture is a revival that implies additional processes, making the material more resistant and colorful. Terracotta provides us with numerous advantages. The lightweight terracotta along with its enormous resisting strength, durability, and indestructibility, making it especially desirable for use in the construction of large imposing buildings. Also, it is the only material known which is fire-proof. The fire of Chicago and Boston (1871, in which metal frames were shown to be dangerous unless insulated and secured by masonry, as heat caught the frames and the spontaneous cooling by water hoses caused the structures to shatter) stimulated interest in terracotta as a fireproof building material. Terracotta proved particularly suitable in this case as it can be installed at little or no extra cost too.

KOY Terracotta Biomorphic Furniture Collection

23 33

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The modern utilization of terracotta in the architectural field is for tiles, panels, and medallions, pilasters, columns, arches, and keys. It is also employed for tracery windows, pedestals, statues, niches, mantels, fireplace facings, base panels, garden decorations, and other horticultural appliances. Moreover, the choicest specimens of the modern-day terracotta can be seen in many well-known creations all over the world, for instance, Ho Chi Minh apartment block, by the Sanuki Daisuke Architects portrays patterned terracotta facade, garden pockets and plant courtyards in the centre of the building. Terracotta was chosen for its: •Low cost, •Natural ventilation by perforated blocks, •Cooling by shade, •Urban open spacing •Utilizes daylight and wind flow, and •The most important part, it maintains privacy from the streets.

Electricity-free Egloo heater

Other examples include immersive terracotta enclosure by SHoP, Texan military hospital by RTKL featuring slatted sun shades, terracotta school building in Gujarat, India by Samira Rathod Design Associates, Guaranty Building, Buffalo, 17 & 19 Newhall Street, Birmingham, England, Terracotta Baguettes, Terracotta Studio and a lot more of other buildings.

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Besides all this, a few more terracotta made compelling designs are the electricity-free Egloo heater, which uses only candle power to warm a room, MPGMB’s homeware including terracotta cacti pots, KOY made terracotta biomorphic furniture collection and beehive inspired air coolant by Ant Studio which demonstrates how terracotta can be used as a sustainable cooling system. It was architect Monish Siripurapu who came up with this idea of turning beehive and terracotta to design innovative based on ancient technique of evaporative cooling which: •Facilitate evaporative cooling. •Made using advanced computational analysis and modern day techniques. •Inspired from the design of a beehive. •Use of concentric circles in the terracotta structure, so two surfaces the inner and outer surfaces are cooling as sir passes through it. •The moss that grew on the terracotta cones could actually clean the air by extracting carbon particles. Comprehending all these facts concerning terracotta, it proves to be an ideal material for futuristic architecture which also has the essence of traditional mastery and sustainability. 24 34

Terracotta Design Competitions: Several terracotta design competitions are organised by firms in which architects, architecture students, designers and anyone having visionary ideas and knowledge of software can participate with their projects. Such competitions are held to explore creativity among the participants and to promote the use of terracotta. Few firms which work for the same are: •Terracotta Design Contest by Bangalore Tile Company •Terracotta Design Award

Beehive coolant by Ant Studio

ABBREVIATIONS OF ARCHITECT’S LIFE

FUN SECTION Ground Floor

BFF=

Below Finished Floor

DM=

Design Manifesto

FB=

Footing Beam

IG=

Insulating Glass

BTW=

Between The Walls

LBW=

Laurie Baker's Work

WTF=

Wow! That Facade

AM=

Ashlar Masonry

AC=

AutoCAD

DP=

Damp Proofing

BF=

Barrier Free

HD=

Hand Drafting

GB=

Green Building

RCB=

Reinforced Concrete Beam

e imp act a

nswe

GF=

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- Varsha (1st Year)

TERI

The Energy Research Institute,

Bangalore

Buildings have become an integral part of a human's life. With the immense growth of the world, the requirement for buildings has surged. Structures are now built for various purposes thus expanding the construction industry. Buildings have accomplished the task to provide shelter but they are yet to achieve the task of survival. What survives in the end, is only nature or entity closely related to the natural environment. Sustainability together serves the aspiration of economic, environmental and social aspects as said by John Elkington.

- BVS Chinmayee (2nd Year)

construction sector, TERI established GRIHA – Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment, ratified as a national rating system for green buildings by the Government of India with Ministry Of New and Renewable energy, in 2007. TERI Bangalore, serving as the southern regional headquarters is located near Domlur Bus Stop, around 3 km from the Bangalore airport, is one of the first energy-efficient and environmentally sustainable campuses in South India, which provides assistance and energy services for projects in the building sector. © Wikipedia

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TERI is an independent energy resource institute which is specialized in the field of environment, energy and sustainability. Established in 1974, formerly known as Tata Energy Research Institute. The enormous growth of population and swift growth of the economy created the demand for buildings, thus imposing pressure on the limited resources. Several policies were instigated to address the challenges of urbanization accompanying resource limitations and climatic changes. With the overall objective to reduce energy and resource consumption, reduce environmental risk and advance the use of renewable and recycled sources in the 36

The project aimed to accommodate office block with spaces for staff, conference room, library, laboratory, recreational space and guest house. Long and narrow site with roads on the eastern and northern sides, the eastern one being the major road. The southern side is occupied by an open drain about 9m wide which promulgates the design as wind is

received from the southwest. The western side has an open ground. The entry into the site is from the north which is less busy when compared to the eastern road. Potential of setting an example of treating waste water as is done Space for service road

Wind flowing over nailah carrying foul air Existing building to be removed

Buffer zone necessary

Possible entry from side road

The building is oriented along NE – SW direction. The building has been divided into several individual areas with small intimate spaces for individual work and common spaces. In the east, towards the main road is the office block providing ample light, the western side is a quiet space suitable to place the guest house. The dining hall and the recreational spaces are arranged in such a manner that the area is shared by both the office and guest house. Common spaces such as atriums, courts and corridors interplay with the other individual spaces, thus creating interactive areas.

The energy-efficient complex ensures comfort to the physical as well as mental health of the users through utilization and interaction between LIGHT, WIND, WATER, SKY and EARTH, regarded as the basic natural elements. The complex is open towards the north to utilize low glare. The southern region of the site expects the maximum heat, the solar cavity wall placed in this direction insulates the building from solar heat. A solar cavity wall is an absorptive double wall with a cavity made of Kadapa Stone. Spaces have been designed in such a manner that natural light is utilized to its maximum throughout the day hence reducing the dependence on artificial light. Atrium and skylight have been provided for adequate lighting, lights shafts have been used to transmit light from the skylight into places like meeting rooms and parking through the photosensitive glass.

Kadapa stone double wall

The monthly energy consumption of the complex is about 1/10th of that of a conventional building with air conditioning in Bangalore.

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FIRST FLOOR PLAN

SECOND FLOOR PLAN

Filler slabs designed with an alternate panel of concrete and hollow blocks provide insulation between inside and outside temperatures and help to maintain thermal comfort. The hollow blocks help to reduce the transmission of heat from the interior to the exterior of the building. Window openings are the major source of light but induce heat into the building. A double glazed window with coating has been used to reduce heat gain.

Natural Light Transmission

South west wall cladded with black cudappa slabs cavity which serves as a bottle neck for convection currents SOLAR INDUCTION VENT

SW solar wall

The solar energy is captured using photovoltaic cells which are arranged with the combination of dynamic truss along the primary orbit of the sun. The captured energy is later used to generate electricity, create stack effect with the help of solar chimney and meet hot water requirements in guest house & kitchen.

Solar water heater to meet hot water requirements

The primary wind direction is along the southwest which consists of a foul-smelling drain. The responsive design needs to ensure that the unhygienic breeze from the drain is prevented direct entry into the building. The development of the southern wall was an important design aspect. A blank wall has been provided in the southern direction which allows the wind to flow over buildings creating negative pressure in the north and pulls in the breeze from this direction. Ventilation is amplified with the help of a solar chimney which utilises the heat captured from the southern region. The air in the cavity in the wall in the southern heats up and rises to the top and this space is occupied by the cold breeze which is pulled from the northern region through the entire section of the structure, thus creating convection currents.

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Wind Movement

HOT STILL DAYS

Photovoltaic cells integrated with dynamic truss

SOLAR CHIMNEY

WINDY DAYS

WIND INDUCED VENTS

In the past, there was adequate opportunity for the rainwater to percolate into the natural ground. Increasing urbanisation resulted in artificial and hard surfaces as a result the penetration and percolation of the water have reduced drastically. Most of the rainwater today is carried away by the stormwater drains. The appropriate management of rooftop rainwater and surface runoff paves way for more sustained and judicial use of persisting water sources. The central courtyard connects the guest house to the office space. It houses an amphitheatre which is used for informal gathering, plays a significant role in the rainwater harvesting system of the campus. The rainwater from the roof and the paved area is collected and stored in a catch basin under the amphitheatre which is later used in restrooms and landscaping.

Water Management

One major component of the design which provides thermal comfort is the earth shelter. Due to the high thermal capacity of the earth, the fluctuation in temperatures are reduced with increased depth and temperature tends to remain constant.

Landscapes, Vegetation & earth cover in different levels

Various environmental and manmade factors interact in complicated equations dealing with various aspects of comforts. These equations must ensure balance within to create and compose the internal environment of the building. The use of non VOC paints and local flooring material with effective ventilation has greatly influenced the indoor air quality. Self – shedders technique has been used in the north region of the building to reduce the induction of heat into the building. Plants are used in indoor spaces for refreshment and air circulation. The region of the site facing the drain is customized into a landscape by using plants that absorb impurities. Basic filtration and aeration techniques have been used as well to maintain the air quality. The project has succeeded in achieving the goal of sustainability by addressing the key elements of comfort. With the beautiful blend of vegetation, ventilation and lighting what is churned out is an elegant design that is congenial yet economical and socially acceptable.

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An earth berm, 4 metres deep has been created in the southern region to retain the heat. Landscape courts have been designed at various levels to enhance the working environment and climate inside the structure. The induction of heat from the terrace is insulated by placing earth in the form of roof gardens.

UPCOMING COMPETITIONS - Annu Akanksha (1st Year)

Competition section includes brief information about selected upcoming Architectural competitions. 1. ARCHITECTURE THESIS OF THE YEAR :2021

• An Architectural Thesis is considered the avant-garde-pursuing what is accepted as the norms in the architectural realm. It is the out come of the months of the painstaking research and an excruciating design process. • “THE ARCHITECTURAL THESIS OF THE YEAR:2021” is here to seek to encourage talent in bringing their path -breaking to the forefront on a global scale and appreciate to the creativity of the student thesis in the field of architecture. • REGISTRATION DATE: AUGUST 01, 2021 • SUBMISSION DATE : DECEMBER01, 2021 • WEBSITE : https://thecharette.org/ architecture-thesis-of-theyear/

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2. AFRICAN URBAN SCHOOL: A NEW CENTER FOR ENKO EDUCATION

• Archstorming will be looking for design to build a new school in an urban context for Enko Education, in Bamako, Mali. • Enko will be building a new primary and secondary schools for 550 students in Bamako. 40

• The major challenges of this contest are to look for a building that represent Enko’s values, are realistic and respectful, with the material and construction techniques of the area, prioritize the safety of people are environmentally conscious and can adapt to the future growth of the school, • REGISTRATION DATE : JULY 29, 2021 • SUBMISSION DATE : SEPTEMBER 22, 2021 • WEBSITE : http://www.archstorming.com/ info. 3. EURASIAN CHALLENGE 2021

• Challenge is about exploring direct and metaphorical ideas of what architecture can be and do. • Challenge mission is to find the most unconventional and creative response and promote the most excellent design to the global arena of the architectural industry. • Eurasian challenge aims to encourage critical thinking among the industry professionals and cultivate fruitful conversation on how to make our built environment a better place. • REGISTRATION DATE: AUGUST 02, 2021 • SUBMISSION DATE: AUGUST 02, 2021 • WEBSITE: http://www.eurasianchallenge. com

4. PANDEMIC MEMORIAL

• Recognising the services and sacrifice by the frontline workers, Archasm invites all architecture students and professionals to design a memorial. The challenge is to design a prototype in your city/region as a mark of respect and tribute to the local warriors. • REGISTRATION DATE : AUGUST 30, 2021 • SUBMISSION DATE : AUGUST 31, 2021 • WEBSITE : https://archasm.in/pandemicmemorial-current-competition/info.

5. HOME 2121| Future Architecture

6. TREE HOUSE 2021 ARCHITECTURE COMPETITION

• For most of us, the Tree House has been a childhood dream, triggering our wildest imaginations. As adults, we continue to aspire for our very own Tree House, one that will fulfil our needs to lead productive lives. The Tree House is synonymous with freedom, independence, adventure, creativity, safety, warmth, fun, solitude and many more emotions aspired by children and adults alike. • The Tree House would be the primary residence for 2 individuals. And the relation between the exterior surroundings and interior spaces must be taken into consideration. • REGISTRATION DATE : AUGUST 20, 2021 • SUBMISSION DATE : AUGUST 27, 2021 • WEBSITE : https://volumezerocompetitions. com/?utm_source=Media%20 Partners&utm_medium=Press%20 Release&utm_campaign=Introduction

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• Home 2121, architecture competition organized by archiol invites all designers to explore ideas of residential architecture for the future. • Considering the impacts of global population shifts, advanced materials and building techniques, as well as marketplaces, propose a single family home. • REGISTRATION DATE : JULY 28, 2021 • SUBMISSION DATE : AUGUST 5, 2021 • WEBSITE : https://www.archiol.com/ archiol-competitions/home_2121_future_ architecture

REFERENCES Page no.: 12- 13

• https://www.livehindustan.com/astrology/story-navratri-2020-devotees-worship-an-eye-of-sati-maa-atmaa-chandika-devi-temple-in-munger-bihar-get-relieves-from-eye-disorder-3116964.html • https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandika_Sthan&ved=2ahUKEwiz_ ofkwr_xAhUSSX0KHdapATYQFjAOegQIBBAC&usg=AOvVaw15Atvpm-A8eXuB3sUs6eXv&cshid=1625061919290 Page no.: 14 -17

• https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois_Library • https://www.google.com/amp/s/amp.interestingengineering.com/25-extremely-embarrassing-architecturalfailures • https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/5365-vi-oly-s-vdara-hotel-accused-of-scorching-sunbathers • https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vdara • https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/20_Fenchurch_Street • https://www.simscale.com/blog/2018/07/tacoma-narrows-bridge-collapse/ • https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-23930675.amp

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• https://web.archive.org/web/20111105052617/http:/articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-06-12/patna/29649899_1_ temple-site-film-ancient-structure • https://web.archive.org/web/20160321082532/http:/hindubooks.org/temples/bihar/mundesvari/index.htm • https://www.maamundeshwari.org/about-mandir • https://www.templepurohit.com/hindu-temple/mundeshwari-devi-temple/ • http://www.bihartimes.in/news08/Jan/19jan3.html • https://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/details/sacred-landscape-of-mundeshwari-oldest-living-temple-NAS066/ • https://archive.ph/20130103112813/http:/articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-06-14/patna/29656560_1_templesite-ancient-temple-acharya-kishore-kunal • https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/mundeshvari-temple-history-in-every-stone/ article34659226.ece • https://kaimur.nic.in/tourist-place/maa-mundeshwari-temple-bhagwanpur/ • https://acumenias.in/current-affairs-detail/mundeshvari-temple Page no.: 20 -21

• • • •

www.pavegen.com www.irjet.net www.impakter.com www.dezeen.com

• • • •

Common characteristic of good & poorly perform pavement- Jaehawan Kim (2009) An Investigation into energy generating tiles- pavegen – Zhen Liang Seow (2011) Human energy harvesting in the urban environment pp498-504 – Julius Simon Patridge (2015) Harvesting wasted vehicular kinetic energy from transportation infrastructure—William Evangelakos (2016)

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• • • •

https://www.lacatonvassal.com https://www.pritzkerprize.com https://www.dezeen.com https://www.theguardian.com

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• http://www.dezeen.com/tag/terracotta/ • https://www.lacuisineinternational.com/en/blog/design-and-trends/4-examples-of-the-successful-returnof-terracotta-to-architecture/ • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural_terracotta • http://web.nationalbuildingarts.org/collections/clay-products/terra-cotta/terra-cotta-in-architecture/ • https://www.artystagallery.com/blogs/home-decor/terracotta-art-earth-and-soulpottery#:~:text=Terracotta%20Art%20%2D%20Earth%20and%20Soul%20Pottery Page no.: 36 -39

• • • • • • • •

https://www.teriin.org/article/let-fresh-air-flow-solar-passive-architecture-can-make-buildings-resilient-covid-19 https://www.slideshare.net/vinaymandaloju/green-building-case-study-on-teribangalore https://www.slideshare.net/naveenmass/teri-banglorecase-study https://www.slideshare.net/thincdesign/teri-13480414 https://www.slideshare.net/rupeshchaurasia39/teri-bangalore-solar-passive-techniquesrupesh http://high-performancebuildings.org/case_study_Tecm1.php Research Gate https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/sic.1980.25.Supplement-1.1?journalCode=ysic20

• • • • • •

https://thecharette.org/architecture-thesis-of-theyear/ http://www.archstorming.com/info http://www.eurasianchallenge.com https://archasm.in/pandemic-memorial-current-competition/info. https://www.archiol.com/archiol-competitions/home_2121_future_architecture https://volumezerocompetitions.com/?utm_source=Media%20Partners&utm_medium=Press%20Release&utm_ campaign=Introduction • https://worldarchitecture.org/all-countries/india/competitions • https://competitions.archi/tag/architecture-competition-india-2021/ 43

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