Graduation Project (Main Transit Hub)

To : Prof. Mahmoued Zaki Prof.Walaa nour Assoc.Prof. Mai wahba Dr. Hosny Dower Dr .Lobna Agha Dr.Bahaa al boshy Dr. Rania elgamary

Rashed

youth Entrance

Main Entrance

SPACE PROGRAM

TRAIN STATION :-

Main Elements :-

Arrival Hall : 2000 m2 (2.5 m2 per person)

Restaurant : 400 m2 ( 1.2 m2 per person )

Book Stock : 250 m2 ( 1.2 m2 per person )

Patios and rest areas : 200 m2 ( 0.9 m2 per person )

Outdoor spaces : 300 m2

Supporting Elements :-

Investment Areas :-

* Cafeteria : 300 m2

* Retail shops : unlimited

* Entertainment area : 300 m2

* Gallery : 600 m2

* Workspace Arena : 300 m2

* Bar : 100 m2

* Supermarket : 100 m2

* Mosque : 60 m2

Offices :-

* station manager : 40 m2

* microphone office : 25 m2

* movement inspector : 25 m2

* movement judge : 20 m2

* paths inspector : 20 m2

* movement Boss : 25 m2

* al-tash- heilat : 25 m2

* blockamein : 25 m2

* engineering manager : 25 m2

* engineers :125 m2

*archieve : 60 m2

* open offices : 400 m2

* Information and Subscription Department : 100 m2

* waiting areas : 50 m2

* secretary : 50 m2

* investment offices : 100 m2

* service and cleaning : 100 m2

Service Areas :-

Tickets area : 100 m2 ( 1.2 per person )

Baths : 100 m2

Garage : 300 parking strip

BUS STATION :-

Main Elements :-

Arrival Hall : 100 m2

Outdoor spaces ( café ): 100 m2

Supporting Elements :Offices :-

* station manager : 40 m2

* Tickets area : 20 m2

* Secretary : 50 m2

* microphone office : 25 m2

* Inspector : 25 m2

* Open offices : 100 m2

* Waiting areas : 50 m2

* Secretary : 50 m2

* Service and cleaning : 100 m2

* Baths : 50 m2

FREIGHT TRANSPORT STATION :-

Main Elements :Goods Quay : 400 m2

Road circulation : 100 m2

Trell waiting garages : 50 strip

Supporting Elements :Outdoor spaces ( café ): 100 m2 Offices :-

* station manager : 40 m2

* Tickets area : 20 m2

* Secretary : 50 m2

* Inspector : 25 m2

* Waiting areas : 50 m2

* Service and cleaning : 100 m2

* Baths : 50 m2

MICROBUS STATION :-

Main Elements :Arrival plaza : 100 m2

Outdoor spaces ( café ): 100 m2 Green areas : 600 m2

Supporting Elements :Offices :-

* station manager : 40 m2

* Secretary : 50 m2

* Inspector : 25 m2

* Open offices : 100 m2

* Waiting areas : 50 m2

* Service and cleaning : 100 m2

* Baths : 50 m2

New Alamein - Ain Sokhna

250 km/h electric train

Initial data about the project: -

* The project extends from the city of Ain Sokhna on the coast of the Red Sea to the new city of Alamein, passing through the new administrative capital and the 6th of October City.

And the high-speed railway station in Muharram Bey in Alexandria, El Alamein and Marsa Matrouh, with a length of approximately 660 km. And 20 stations (8 for express trains + 12 regional).

* The implementation will take place within 24 months, provided that the design speed is 250 km / h, the number of fast electric trains is 15 trains, the operational speed is (200) km / h, the number of regional electric trains is 24 trains and the speed is (160) km / h, and the number of cargo tractors is 14 fast tractors. (120) km / h.

The “Ain Sokhna - Administrative Capital - El Alamein ” train project ..

It is a project that is the first of its kind in Egypt in the stage of constructing a new, fully electrified and fast railway line, as it includes within it new stations and

a total length of 2000 km, so that the new line includes three stages. The first is: Implementing a train project that connects between El Alamein and Ain Sokhna, and the second phase

Alexandria

Aswan and the third phase from Ain Sokhna and then Hurghada to Luxor to develop and facilitate the tourism movement.

The final route of the high-speed train, Sector 1, “Ain Sokhna - Al Alamein” “Ain Sokhna - the new administrative capital - a tribal face” is an exchange station, from which the train will branch out to the governorates of Upper Egypt - 6 October 1 - 6

Al Natroun - Burj Al Arab - Bahij - Al Hamam - Al Ameed - New Alamein City - Burj Al Arab Stadium - Amiriya - Alexandria

2

The route consists of 15 stations, with a length of 534 km and a speed of 250 km / hour, and the cost of the project is 8.5 billion euros. The Chinese government decided to pump 2 billion dollars in investments in the project.

The project is being implemented by a consortium of Egyptian and Chinese companies, namely: (Samcrete - Nirk Factory - Chinese Companies Alliance CR20 --CCEC - CRRC).

The Nirk Factory is a factory established in East Port Said specializing in the manufacture of trains, railroad cars, diesel tractors, electric tractors, monorail and metro cars with an Egyptian local component of up to 40t with Egypt granting the right to know the trains, and providing all guarantees and operating certificates internationally approved to enter Egypt into the club of the countries that own trains. Super fast. There are two scenarios for the implementation of the first phase of the project:

- The first scenario: is the implementation of the project in 3 phases, the first from «Ain Sokhna to the Administrative Capital», the second from «the Administrative Capital to the 6th of October» and the third from «October 6 to the New Alamein».

- The second scenario: It is to start implementing the project in full, and to divide the civil works of the project among 5 Egyptian companies that can be increased to speed the completion of the project. This comes after the success of the experiment in the electric train «Adly Mansour - the Administrative Capital - Tenth of Ramadan» when the civil works began and increased The number of Egyptian companies in civil works, which led to the completion of about 70% of them in less than a year.

we have chosen new city of alalmein as a place to work ,

* historical place

* encourage tourism

* a beach town

* dry port enhance the purpose of the main project

modern high-speed trains with

to complete it from

to

October

- Rawd Al Farag - Wadi

DESIGN OBJECTIVES

Perfect Alternative for SUEZ Canal ..

The Suez Canal is an important factor in the transportation of goods

However, there are many obstacles that delay the transfer process(such as routine work, maintenance, and the speed of the ship itself)

Imagine that in just two hours the same goods and more can be transported to the same point that the ship takes in no less than 7000 hours.

It is a real breakthrough in the process of transporting goods

Encouraging tourism in the whole region ..

Linking Historical and tourist Areas make it easy to reach more historical places in one day

It takes only 2 hours from EIN EL-SOKHNA to NEW-ALAMEIN city

Sustainability as a Duty for 250 km/h Electric train

The electric train, the first of its kind, is considered a boom in the world of transportation and communications in Egypt, which is an explicit trend towards using clean energy and preserving the environment.

First Step to sustainable Main Transit Hub

The electric train, the first of its kind, is considered a boom in the world of transportation and communications in Egypt, which is an explicit trend towards using clean energy and preserving the environment.

EIN EL-SOKHNA

ALEXANDRIA MARSA MATROUH NEW ALAMEIN

HURGADA

ALAUXOR ASWAN

pedestrian flow railway strip lines Studies & Concept

pedestrian flow

LOCATION : NEW ALAMEIN CITY, EGYPT

PROJECT AREA : 480 m2

VIP Entrance PIB Transit Hub ( Graduation project 2021 ) 5 Site Access

Historical Overview

Alamein city

..

The First Battle of Alamein : was a battle of the Western Desert Campaign of the Second World War, fought in Egypt between Axis forces (Germany and Italy) of the Panzer Army Africa (Panzerarmee Afrika) (which included the Afrika Korps under Field Marshal (Generalfeldmarschall) Erwin Rommel) and Allied (British Imperial and Commonwealth) forces (Britain, British India, Australia, South Africa and New Zealand) of the Eighth Army

The Second Battle of Alamein : was a battle of the Second World War that took place near the Egyptian railway halt of El Alamein. The First Battle of El Alamein and the Battle of Alam el Halfa had prevented the Axis from advancing further into Egypt.

Cross of Sacrifice

Alamein war Musuem

Alamein city

.. As a historical place ..

Alamein War Musuem : El Alamein has a war museum with artifacts from North African battles

Military Cemetries : the city has many kinds of Nations

Germany

Visitors can also go to the Italian and German military cemeteries on Tel el-Eisa Hill outside the town. The German cemetery is an ossuary, built in the style of a medieval fortress.

Italy

The Italian cemetery is a mausoleum containing 5,200 tombs. Many tombs bear the soldier’s name with others simply marked IGNOTO, i.e. unknown

Greek

There is a separate Greek cemetery at El Alamein.

Commonwealth of Nations

There is also a Commonwealth war cemetery, built and maintained by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission, with graves of soldiers from various countries who fought on the Allied side. Buried here are 6,425 identified Commonwealth service personnel, 815 unidentified ones, and 102 of other nationalities;These include four Victoria Cross recipients

* Private Percival Gratwick, Australian Imperial Force

* Private Arthur Stan Gurney, Australian Imperial Force

* Sergeant William Bill Kibby, Australian Imperial Force

* Private Adam Wakenshaw, Durham Light Infantry

Others buried here include

* Squadron Leader George Barclay, RAF Battle of Britain fighter pilot

* Major Henry Rew, Royal Tank Regiment

This has monuments commemorating Greek, New Zealand, Australian, South African, Indian and Canadian forces. The cemetery entrance is through the Alamein Memorial and there is also a separate Alamein Cremation Memorial to 603 Commonwealth service personnel who died in Egypt and Libya and were cremated in line with their religion.

The names of 213 Canadian airmen appear on the Alamein Memorial in Egypt. The cemetery was designed by Sir J. Hubert Worthington

.. where the second world war has placed

EL Alamein Italian Memorial Entrance Alamein Commonwealth Cemetry

* The station is located in the center of the city

* the railway strip separates the upper part of the city with the lower part.

* This caused educational and commercial districts to be separated from each other

* modern high quality buildings with efficient futuristic infrastructure ..

* vwide green streets with urban pedestrian accessibilityv ..

The temperatures are semi-moderate and suitable for daily works

The Average temperatures are moderate and suitable for youth activities

Percipitation range isn’t dangerous and can be solved

Wind Rose indicates the most common wind comes from the west-north & its temperature are perfect for sunny days salty winds comes with the smell of the sea ..

NEW ALAMEIN CLIMATE SUMMARY :-

-The chart shows the monthly number of sunny, partially cloudy and cloudy days. The days are sunny with cloud cover below 20%, with 20-80% cloud cover partly cloudy and with more than 80% showing cloudy.

- THE MOST OF THE YEAR IS DRY DAYS ( NO RAINS)

- THE SKY IS ALMOST CLOUDY

-THE SUN RAYS IS PERFECT

Most days are partly-cloudy days with perfect sky shows ..

Most of the year are dry days with perfect sky scenarios ..

- THE SKY IS SIGNIFICANT

- THE WIND IS ALMOST CALM

Sun bath & Wind direction

* The site is located in a central area of historical and tourist city

* Far from residential areas ( with ease of connectivity )

* Connected to urban Spaces in the city ( Ped. paths)

* Surrounded by main wide streets

* perfect sky views

* Good climate

* the site located near the dry ports of new alamein ( for goods)

* & Close to the tourist areas

* & small industries areas

Benefits of creating ped. Bridge

* Connet the city separated elements

* Ease moving towards historical places

* Emphasize the station main elements ( main entrances& out )

* & Comercial ( investment spaces )

* Encourage urban movement

* Emphasize walking , running , doing sports

* Encreasing the level of safety in the station ( fire safety)

* the site located in the cross of pedestraian paths

* Railway Strips separate the city elements( commercial & educational )

* Ped. Bridges as a ped. FLOW may affet the site and its components

(so we should manage this flow carefully ..

* Rains may affect the building envelope ..

Case 1:

The station is located in the center of the city Despite the many advantages that the central site possesses, the railway strip separates the upper part of the city with the lower part. This caused educational and commercial districts to be separated from each other

Case 2:

According to the plans of the new city of Alamein Footpaths are an integral part of city planning The station is located at the crossroads of pedestrian paths in the city

Response

1 : CONNECT THE CITY :-

*** CREATING PEDESTRIAN BRIDGES ABOVE THE LOCATION OF THE STATION MAKE IT EASIER TO :-

- CONNECT THE URBAN , EDUCATIONAL , COMMERCIAL PLACES TOGETHER - ENCOURAGE URBAN MOVEMENT - BE USED AS TRAIN STATION MAIN ACCESSES

Case 3 :

TRAIN STATION IS CONSIDERED AS A BARRIER WHEN DEVELOPING THE CITY

TRAIN STATIONS AND ITS STRIPS ARE CONSIDERED AS A BARRIER WHEREVER IT PLACED CAUSING ALOT OF DISHARMONY AND FEEL OF UNSAFE AND DIVERGENCE

Response 2 :-

TRAIN STATIONS ARE NO LONGER A BARRIER

*** MERGING THE STATION BUILDINGS WITH THE URBAN BRIDGES MAKE IT EASIER TO :-

- THE STATION BUILDINGS AS AN ADMINISTRATIVE BUILDING BE MORE TRANSPERENT..

- ACCESS IN & OUT OF THE STATION MORE EASY .

- FEEL FREE & SAFE AS A USER BECAUSE IT’S CONNECTED TO URBAN OUTDOOR SPACES

Response 3

:-

FRAMING THE SKY ..

NEW ALAMEIN CLIMATE SUMMARY :-

-The chart shows the monthly number of sunny, partially cloudy and cloudy days. The days are sunny with cloud cover below 20%, with 20-80% cloud cover partly cloudy and with more than 80% showing cloudy.

- THE MOST OF THE YEAR IS DRY DAYS ( NO RAINS)

- THE SKY IS ALMOST CLOUDY

-THE SUN RAYS IS PERFECT

- THE SKY IS SIGNIFICANT

- THE WIND IS ALMOST CALM

Using ped. bridge , Generating Slots sequentially in the roof of bridge Makes it easy to emphasize the beauty of the sky and to emphasize the investment elements on the upper floor

Concept Illustartion

The Main Concept comes from Saving Urban Context , Ensuring the continuity of urban city lines

Merging the station Buildings with city urban elements and Emphasize the presence of natural Elements of the city ( the sky of new alamein )

1

Framing the Sky 2 3

MAIN PROJECT DIAGRAM

vertical access horizontal access train Quay ..

waiting area 2 train station management

cafeteria& entertainment waiting area 1

Tickets

URBAN PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE

workspce arenas supermarket Fire EXIT service

Main Entrance 1 LOBBY for bussiness men

Upper plaza for youth & tourist

Waiting area 1 for bussiness men Waiting area 2 for youth &tourist

UPPER LOBBY

Entrance 2

Tickets

UPPER PLAZA commercial commercial

service

restaurant & bookstock

Security T. support

Main Entrance 1 LOBBY

waiting

MPU MPU Main Entrance access FREIGHT TRANSIT ACCESS

Manager B.manager B.offices

Main Project Plaza

microbus station BUS STATION

Garage

Main Ped. Access

Bus Track

MAIN CITY ROAD

URBAN PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE

cafeteria& entertainment waiting area 1

workspce arenas supermarket Fire EXIT service

UPPER PLAZA

Main Entrance 1 LOBBY for bussiness men

Upper plaza for youth & tourist

waiting area 2 train station management

restaurant & bookstock

commercial commercial

Waiting area 1 for bussiness men

Waiting area 2 for youth &tourist

Security T. support

Main Entrance 1 LOBBY

Main Project Plaza

Entrance 2

vertical access horizontal access train Quay .. train Quay .. microbus station BUS STATION

UPPER

LAYOUT ILLUSTRATION

Layout ( 1: 2000 )

PIB Transit Hub ( Graduation project 2021 )

NLayout ( 1: 1500 )

Layout ( 1: 1500 )

mainplaza

busstops

NMASTER PLAN

_GROUND FLOOR (+0.6 m)

where bus terminals , trellis track, and main entrance track stand as axes mentored to the station building

main entrance axe leads to the main plaza where you can acces the main entrance of train station

main station plaza is surrounded by commercial kiosks as an urban intervention , .. plaza where different activities are made is minimal-Oriented design to make it easy for human beings to express free different behaviors ..

garage

mainentranceaxe trellistrack

DESIGN PATTERN OF BUS STATION

GROUND FLOOR PLAN ( +0.6 m ):-

THE FLOOR where bussiness men stay..

* wide store rooms

* calm waiting area

* partially-separated restaurant

* quiet book stock area

Ground Floor Plan (1:1500 )

N+2.10 m

+2.00 m +0.60 m

+8.80 m

+6.70 m

+6.60 m

UnderGround Floor Plan ( - 1.00 m ) :-

underground kitchen and book store to supply the upper restaurant and book stock (placed at level + 2.10 m)

the kitchen and book store get their light and fresh air from two small courts placed at lvl+0.6

FIRST FLOOR PLAN ( +6.60 m ) :-

THE FLOOR with which students & tourists interact

+2.10 m +2.00 m +0.60 m Details

* Historical Gallery embody the 2nd world war

* Partially-Opened cafeteria

* Mixed-Used entertainment area ( billiards , ping,ps5 , gamehub , etc ..)

* Commercial areas

* Workspace Arenas where students invest their time

* Bar &Supermarket

* Wide store rooms

First Floor Plan (1:1500 )

N

+8.80 m +6.70 m +6.60 m PIB Transit Hub ( Graduation project 2021 ) 22 First Floor Plan

structure systems :-

* the most-used structure system (FLAT SLAB (up to12 m) )

* mixed steel-concrete structure also play the role as a significant ceiling in restaurant , cafete ria, and main entrance lobby (up to 70 m)

steel structure floor details

Hollow Block structure floor details

Concrete Slab (d= 20 cm)

Concrete Slab (d= 20 cm)

concrete slab (d=10 cm, L=2m )

permament steel shuttering 2 mm)

concrete slab (d=10 cm, L=2m )

* the system used in ped. bridges ( composite steel flat slab structure) supports big spans with different shapes (up to 14 m)

permament steel shuttering ( 2 mm)

* solid slab structure system also included in small places with small spans and live loads ( up to 5 m)..

steel beam (70 cm)

Concrete Beam ( d= 70 cm )

Concrete Beam ( d= 30 cm )

Concrete Beam ( d= 70 cm )

Concrete Beam d= 70 cm ) steel beam (70 cm)

Concrete Beam ( d= 30 cm )

Concrete Beam ( d= 70 cm )

Composite Columns for ped. bridges

Section ( 1-1 )

by the long of ped. bridges indicates

*** the upper oppennings that frames the sky of new alamein city ( make the best use of significant new alamein skies) and enhance the user experience

*** the different height of main entrance and the Gallery upove and the slope made to reach the gallery ( enhance the main entrance of the station

*** the skyline made by flexible kaynamaile material ( with more transparency ) enhances the connection between the user and the sky of new alamein city

MOVABLE

LOUVERS

(

TO MANAGE SUNRAYS AND CONTROL THE ENCLOSURE OF URBAN SPACE)

Section (3-3)

THEY ENTER THE STATION FROM FIRST LEVEL DIRECTLY TO THE STAIRS DOWN TO QUAY TRAIN STATION throuh the way , they meet greeny voids connected to the sky ,all the way under semi transparent mesh floor make users connected to the significant sky of new alamein city

STUDENTS & TOURIST ENTRANCE AXE

In the bridge ( Youth Entry ) .. Main Entrance Lobby ( bussiness

ped. entry .. In the bridge .. to the train .. In the station ( first floor ) ..

Ground

Main plaza

First

Ground floor plan

Technical Information

Technical Information

Kaynemaile is extremely lightweight and easy to install. It goes up fast which dramatically reduces construction schedules and costs. It is tough and impact resistant, yet flexible enough to be stretched over a frame to execute complex three dimensional designs. Screens can be made to any height or width without joins or expansion gaps.

Kaynemaile is extremely lightweight and easy to install. It goes up fast which dramatically reduces construction schedules and costs. It is tough and impact resistant, yet flexible enough to be stretched over a frame to execute complex three dimensional designs. Screens can be made to any height or width without joins or expansion gaps.

For more visit: www.kaynemaile.com/technical

For more visit: www.kaynemaile.com/technical

Kaynemaile mesh is lightweight and doesn’t need the same level of fixings or substructure as metal products. Our screens go up fast cutting down install time dramatically and saving costs.

Kaynemaile mesh is lightweight and doesn’t need the same level of fixings or substructure as metal products. Our screens go up fast cutting down install time dramatically and saving costs.

In line with our minimal waste philosophy, Kaynemaile mesh can be completely recycled at the end of its life.

Features

Screen tension

Screen tension

Kaynemaile mesh screens are tensioned vertically.

Kaynemaile mesh screens are tensioned vertically.

How to specify your screens

In line with our minimal waste philosophy, Kaynemaile mesh can be completely recycled at the end of its life.

Features

Weight: 0.6lbs/ft2 (3kg m²)

Weight: 0.6lbs/ft2 (3kg m²)

Sizes: Unlimited in size.

Sizes: Unlimited in size.

Colour palette: Kaynemaile mesh comes in a range of solid colours. For colour range see page 56 of this booklet.

How to specify your screens

To specify your Kaynemaile mesh screen just let us know the approximate width and height and we will advise on fixing details. If your screen is over 13ft (4m) in height it may require intermediate fixings.

To specify your Kaynemaile mesh screen just let us know the approximate width and height and we will advise on fixing details. If your screen is over 13ft (4m) in height it may require intermediate fixings.

Colour palette: Kaynemaile mesh comes in a range of solid colours. For colour range see page 56 of this booklet.

Supplied hardware: Kaynemaile mesh screens are supplied with mesh and our fixing system to suit your subframe.

Supplied hardware: Kaynemaile mesh screens are supplied with mesh and our fixing system to suit your subframe.

Hanging system

Hanging system

Our Kaynemaile mesh screens utilise our 0.5in (12.7mm) stainless steel tube at the top and bottom and our 0.9in wide x 0.39in high (23mm x 10mm) low profile anodised aluminium track at the sides.

Our Kaynemaile mesh screens utilise our 0.5in (12.7mm) stainless steel tube at the top and bottom and our 0.9in wide x 0.39in high (23mm x 10mm) low profile anodised aluminium track at the sides.

Frame requirements

Frame requirements

Kaynemaile mesh screens are under tension vertically. Kaynemaile mesh screens need a frame around the full perimeter. The size of the screen will determine the sub-frame requirements. Your sub-frame can be concrete, steel or timber.

Kaynemaile mesh screens are under tension vertically. Kaynemaile mesh screens need a frame around the full perimeter. The size of the screen will determine the sub-frame requirements. Your sub-frame can be concrete, steel or timber.

We can provide you with wind loading details so you can accurately determine your subframe requirements. Our ideal sub-frame for large screens is made from steel equal angle.

Fixing screw

We can provide you with wind loading details so you can accurately determine your subframe requirements. Our ideal sub-frame for large screens is made from steel equal angle.

Fixing screw

S/S hanging tube & hook

S/S hanging tube & hook

Low profile aluminium track & polycarbonate saddles

Low profile aluminium track & polycarbonate saddles

Kaynemaile mesh

Kaynemaile mesh

(200mm)

Hook / Double hook assembly / adjustable Hook / Standard

Standard 0.12in (3mm) thick stainless steel hook. Typical hook spacing is 12in (300mm) however spacing varies based on the screen size and the project requirements. Hook fixings are 0.25in (M6 metric).

Standard 0.12in (3mm) thick stainless steel hook. Typical hook spacing is 12in (300mm) however spacing varies based on the screen size and the project requirements. Hook fixings are 0.25in (M6 metric).

Standard 0.5in (12.7mm) stainless steel tube through top and bottom mesh rows.

Standard 0.5in (12.7mm) stainless steel tube through top and bottom mesh rows.

Standard aluminium low profile track. Finish is silver anodised. Uses 0.1574in fixings (M4 metric) at 7.87in (200mm) spacing.

Standard aluminium low profile track. Finish is silver anodised. Uses 0.1574in fixings (M4 metric) at 7.87in (200mm) spacing.

Typical steel equal angle full perimetre subframe. Minimum size is 3.2in (80mm).

Typical steel equal angle full perimetre subframe. Minimum size is 3.2in (80mm).

Adjustable intermediate fixing. Screens over 13ft high (4m) may require intermediate fixings. An adjustable fixing is used where a backspacing exceeds 2.5in (70mm) or when the intermediate fixing is required to attach to the underside of a concrete slab or sub-frame. All intermediate fixings connect to a 0.25in (6mm) solid stainless steel rod run internally through the mesh.

Adjustable intermediate fixing. Screens over 13ft high (4m) may require intermediate fixings. An adjustable fixing is used where a backspacing exceeds 2.5in (70mm) or when the intermediate fixing is required to attach to the underside of a concrete slab or sub-frame. All intermediate fixings connect to a 0.25in (6mm) solid stainless steel rod run internally through the mesh.

Non-adjustable fixing. Screens over 13ft (4m) high may require intermediate fixings. A non-adjustable fixing is used where the backspacing exceeds 2.5in (70mm). All intermediate fixings connect to a 0.25in (6mm) solid stainless steel rod run internally through the mesh.

Non-adjustable fixing. Screens over 13ft (4m) high may require intermediate fixings. A non-adjustable fixing is used where the backspacing exceeds 2.5in (70mm). All intermediate fixings connect to a 0.25in (6mm) solid stainless steel rod run internally through the mesh.

Adjustable double hook arrangement. Typically used for large screens that may require spot-applied tension adjustments or screens with non-parallel bottom edges. Uses 0.25in fixing (M6 metric).

Adjustable double hook arrangement. Typically used for large screens that may require spot-applied tension adjustments or screens with non-parallel bottom edges. Uses 0.25in fixing (M6 metric).

Sustainability Approach ..

* Making good use of the power of pedestrian flow ( feet pressure ) is Significant here .. ( 1 foot press equals 3 jouls of electricity )

* Using transparent low- E glass in the south facade prevent station skin from harmfull sun rays , and let white light go through

* Using solar window (by Mitrex) makes good use of sun rays to generate electricity used to light ( 1 m2 generates 140 kw per hour , the station needs 170 m2 of solar window surface ..)

Alternating Repetition

Local Symmetrics

Alternating repetitions helps give information to the repeating components. Simplified repetition is folded information because what is repeated is poorly coded

In return, each element is enhanced through Alternation ..

One series of centers is formed that reinforces and shows the other when repetition within a group of elements occurs in an alternating rhythm ..

Deep Interlock & Ambiguity

Roughness

Two regions can overlap in a permeable interacting space, allowing transmission from one region to another. There is ambiguity when reading which side of the interactive space belongs to which region (within the transitional region) and this is considered a good advantage, as in the sudden transition, as in a completely straight line, the converging shapes are not related to each other.

First, Deep Interlock: When the design of the block cannot be separated from its surroundings in any way

Second, Ambiguity: When the building harmonizes with its neighborhood within their own rhythm

Ornamentation can be interpreted as “roughness” in a polished geometric form. Reducing the rigor of geometric shapes allows defects to appear, making them more tolerant. These defects distinguish between repeating units to make them similar but not identical.

The roughness is the strangeness of the shape. Changing the pattern in an element to adapt to the surrounding environment without arrogance or deliberate creativity

Although it may seem strange from the outside to a person accustomed to order and perfection, it comes with the aim of drawing attention to what matters most and avoiding the attraction of what is less important.

The void

NON - Separation

A living structure cannot be limited to details, saturation to the point of intoxication destroys the structure.

The need here is calm to reduce the noise of details.

The goal of the idea of void here is to reduce the intensity of the details that saturated the outer plaza of the station

Non-Separartion is the degree of interdependence of an element with everything around it .. We achieve non-separation after reaching coherence, Cohesion is an emerging property that does not exist in the individual elements, In the greater total cohesion no element can be abandoned, the disintegration is neither apparent nor possible when each element contributes to support the total cohesion, nothing seems separate and nothing It draws attention to itself, and that is the goal of adaptive design: the seamless blending of a vast number of complex components, this is the opposite of intentional detachment and inseparability that transcends internal coherence because the form as a whole is connected as closely as possible to its Environment.