JOHN ROOT AND CHARLES B. ATWOOD RELIANCE BUILDING, CHICAGO FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
MIES VAN DER ROHE LAKESHORE APARTMENTS, CHICAGO FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
SKIDMORE, OWINGS & MERRILL LEVER HOUSE, NEW YORK CITY FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
non-farm
U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Labor Statistics
CONSTRUCTION & NON-FARM LABOR PRODUCTIVITY INDEX (1964-2003) FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
2008– 2014 UNEMPLOYMENT IN US FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
Lakeshore Apts Lever House Decline in Construc<on Produc<vity 2009 US Recession
SOURCE: GAO-13-365 PERCENTAGE OF U.S. NONFARM WORKERS IN MANUFACTURING, 1945-2012 FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
BOHLIN CYWINSKI JACKSON APPLE STORE 5TH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
BURCKHARDT + PARTNER ROCHE DIAGNOSTICS INTERNATIONAL AG, ROTKREUZ SWITZERLAND FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
OMA SEATTLE CENTRAL LIBRARY FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
ZGF ARCHITECTS JOHN E. JAQUA ACADEMIC CENTER FOR STUDENT ATHLETES, UNIVERSITY OF OREGON FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
HELMUT JAHN GROUP HEADQUARTERS BAYER AG, LEVERKUSEN GERMANY FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
GEHRY PARTNERS IAC/ INTERACTIVECORP HEADQUARTERS, NEW YORK CITY FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
SKIDMORE, OWINGS & MERRILL BURJ KHALIFA, DUBAI FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
KOHN PEDERSEN FOX SHANGHAI WORLD FINANCIAL CENTER FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
FOREIGN OFFICE ARCHITECTS MUSEUM OF CONTEMPORARY ART, CLEVELAND FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
SKIDMORE, OWINGS & MERRILL UNITED STATES EMBASSY, BEIJING FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
MORPHOSIS COOPER UNION, NEW YORK FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
FRANK GEHRY EMP MUSEUM , SEATTLE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
SAGE GLASS DORRANCE H. HAMILTON GARDEN TERRACE, PHILADELPHIA FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
2004 MANIFESTO - REFABRICATING ARCHITECTURE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
KIERANTIMBERLAKE - KTMS ISO 9001-2008 CERTIFIED QC/QA PROCESS FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
FORM
ART + SCIENCE
FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
FACADES +
FORM
PERFORM
ART + SCIENCE
MANDATE
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
PREFORM
FORM
PERFORM
ART + SCIENCE
MANDATE
PLACE HUMAN ECOLOGY PURPOSE
PROCES S RESOURCES ENERGY ECONOMY DESIGN
INQUIRY
FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
REFABRICATING ARCHITECTURE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
Rotating a Fuselage Module
Assembling a Classroom Module
REFABRICATING ARCHITECTURE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
REFABRICATING ARCHITECTURE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
REFABRICATING ARCHITECTURE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
RESEARCH OUTCOMES FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
MELVIN J. & CLAIRE LEVINE HALL UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
MELVIN J. & CLAIRE LEVINE HALL UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
CENTER CITY BUILDING UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA, CHARLOTTE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
CENTER CITY BUILDING UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA, CHARLOTTE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
BROCKMAN HALL FOR PHYSICS RICE UNIVERSITY FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
BROCKMAN HALL FOR PHYSICS RICE UNIVERSITY FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
EDGAR N. PUTMAN PAVILION JAMES A. MICHENER ART MUSEUM FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
KIERANTIMBERLAKE EDGAR N. PUTMAN PAVILION, JAMES A. MICHENER ART MUSEUM FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
EDGAR N. PUTMAN PAVILION JAMES A. MICHENER ART MUSEUM FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
EDGAR N. PUTMAN PAVILION JAMES A. MICHENER ART MUSEUM FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
EDGAR N. PUTMAN PAVILION JAMES A. MICHENER ART MUSEUM FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
EDGAR N. PUTMAN PAVILION JAMES A. MICHENER ART MUSEUM FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
EDGAR N. PUTMAN PAVILION JAMES A. MICHENER ART MUSEUM FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
EDGAR N. PUTMAN PAVILION JAMES A. MICHENER ART MUSEUM FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
vs.
SMARTWRAP™ FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
SmartWrap appeared in Wired Magazine in August 2003
SMARTWRAP™ FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
SMARTWRAP™ FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
OLED
PHOTOVOLTAICS
THIN FILM BATTERY PCM
PET SUBSTRATE
PRINTED CIRCUIT
PET SUBSTRATE
AEROGEL
PASSIVE LAYER
ACTIVE LAYER
SMARTWRAP™ FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
SMARTWRAP™ FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
CELLOPHANE HOUSE™ THE MUSEUM OF MODERN ART FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
CELLOPHANE HOUSE™ THE MUSEUM OF MODERN ART FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
CELLOPHANE HOUSE™ THE MUSEUM OF MODERN ART FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
CELLOPHANE HOUSE™ THE MUSEUM OF MODERN ART FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
CELLOPHANE HOUSE™ THE MUSEUM OF MODERN ART FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
CELLOPHANE HOUSE™ THE MUSEUM OF MODERN ART FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
CELLOPHANE HOUSE™ THE MUSEUM OF MODERN ART FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
CELLOPHANE HOUSE™ THE MUSEUM OF MODERN ART FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
SmartWrap™ Cooper-‐Hewi1 Na3onal Design Museum 2003
Cellophane House™ Museum of Modern Art 2008
New London Embassy US Department of State 2009-‐2016
EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES, LONDON US DEPARTMENT OF STATE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES, LONDON US DEPARTMENT OF STATE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
THE RIVER THAMES
NINE ELMS LANE
LINEAR PARK
RAILWAY VIADUCT
EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES, LONDON US DEPARTMENT OF STATE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES, LONDON US DEPARTMENT OF STATE FACADES +
December 2009 24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
FLOOR AREA : FAÇADE (per current SRP)
CUBE (CURRENT DESIGN)
DOUBLE-LOADED CORRIDOR*
STANDARD EMBASSY DESIGN*
1 : 0.54
1 : 0.59
1:1
2
2
21,950 m FAÇADE
37,330 m2 FAÇADE
ADDED CURTAINWALL COST 10% INCREASE OVER CUBE
ADDED CURTAINWALL COST 87% INCREASE OVER CUBE
19,950 m FACADE
* Both options exceed height restrictions for buildable area EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES, LONDON US DEPARTMENT OF STATE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES, LONDON US DEPARTMENT OF STATE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES, LONDON US DEPARTMENT OF STATE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
GSHP
EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES, LONDON US DEPARTMENT OF STATE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES, LONDON US DEPARTMENT OF STATE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
FRESNEL LENS
AMERICAN CRYSTAL
CELLOPHANE HOUSE
EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES, LONDON US DEPARTMENT OF STATE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
JUNE
SEPTEMBER
DECEMBER EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES, LONDON US DEPARTMENT OF STATE FACADES +
December 2009 24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
BUILDING HARDLINE AND PERFORMATIVE LAYER
BUILDING, LANDSCAPE AND SCRIM
EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES, LONDON US DEPARTMENT OF STATE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES, LONDON US DEPARTMENT OF STATE FACADES +
December 2009 24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES, LONDON US DEPARTMENT OF STATE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
NORTH FACADE
EAST FACADE
EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES, LONDON US DEPARTMENT OF STATE FACADES +
SOUTH FACADE
WEST FACADE
December 2009 24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
GARDENS
PERFORMATIVE SCRIM PERFORMATIVE
PERFORMATIVE INNER ENVELOPE
OUTER ENVELOPE OUTER ENVELOPE
ENVELOPE
INNER ENVELOPE
SYSTEM
STRUCTUR E
LANDSCAP E
ELEMENTS
ENVELOPE
EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES, LONDON US DEPARTMENT OF STATE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
GOALS: PERFORMANCE & APPEARANCE
•
BUILDING SHADING AND SOLAR HEAT GAIN REDUCTION Reduce the building’s overall peak cooling load and perimeter peak cooling load Improve control of the building’s cooling system by reducing variability in the load over the year Improve occupant thermal comfort by reducing direct solar radiation within the building
•
HIGH THERMAL PERFORMANCE AT GLASS AND MULLIONS
•
OCCUPANT COMFORT AND PRODUCTIVITY
•
CLEAR VIEWS TO EXTERIOR AND OPTIMIZED NATURAL DAYLIGHTING, SKY LUMINANCE Uniform naturally lit ceiling Electrical lighting load reduction
• TRANSPARENCY •
350,000 kWh ANNUAL POWER PRODUCTION GOAL FOR ALL PV SYSTEMS (ENVELOPE, ROOF, CAC)
•
COMPLIANCE WITH SECURITY REQUIREMENTS
EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES, LONDON US DEPARTMENT OF STATE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
GOALS: MAINTENANCE & LIFECYCLE
• OUTER ENVELOPE & CURTAINWALL SHARE MAINTENANCE ACCESS Outer Envelope is offset from curtainwall a minimum of 1 m and outriggers accommodate access • ETFE & GLASS CAN BE CLEANED ANNUALLY ON SAME CYCLE ETFE form minimizes the build-up of dust and debris, and can be cleaned • ANNUAL INSPECTION BY CERTIFIED TECHNICIANS • ETFE UNITS CAN BE REMOVED/REPLACED WITHOUT COMPROMISING INTEGRITY OF THE SYSTEM • OUTER ENVELOPE HAS 25 YEAR WARRANTY PROVIDED BY A SINGLE SOURCE Warranty covers materials, components and integrated photovoltaic module technology • OUTER ENVELOPE HAS MINIMUM USEFUL LIFE OF 25-50 YEARS
EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES, LONDON US DEPARTMENT OF STATE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES, LONDON US DEPARTMENT OF STATE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES, LONDON US DEPARTMENT OF STATE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES, LONDON US DEPARTMENT OF STATE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
FLEXIBLE CIGS
FLEXIBLE OPV
Copper Indium Gallium Selenide
Amorphous Silicon Organic (OPV)
FLEXIBLE CRYSTALLINE SILICON
RIGID CRYSTALLINE SILICON
Monocrystalline silicon Polycrystalline silicon
Monocrystalline silicon Polycrystalline silicon
CELL:
MODULE
EFFICIENCY
8-14% [10%]
3-5% [3%]
17%
21.5%
FUTURE EFFICIENCY
8-18%
6-8% ????
19%
22%
TRENDING
Low cost variations Roof applications
Different aesthetics, colors Transparent cells Irregular printed shapes
Low cost variations Reduced weight Increased flexibility
Becoming flexible Weight reductions
EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES, LONDON US DEPARTMENT OF STATE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | Š KIERANTIMBERLAKE
INSOLATION LEVELS ON CURTAINWALL 1,200,000
HORIZONTAL
ANNUAL kWh
1,000,000 800,000 600,000 400,000 200,000 0
VERTICAL N
E
S
W
NO SCREEN
N
E
S
W
HORIZONTAL
N
E
S
W
VERTICAL
N
E
S
W
MULTIDIRECTIONAL
MULTIDIRECTIONAL EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES, LONDON US DEPARTMENT OF STATE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
OPTIMAL SHADING/PV STRATEGIES NORTH
EAST
SOUTH
WEST
HORIZONTAL
SHADING (PV AND FRIT)
PV VERTICAL
MULTIDIRECTIONAL EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES, LONDON US DEPARTMENT OF STATE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
A
B
STRETCHED STRETCHED FABRIC FABRIC MOCKUP MOCKUP
3D PRINTED MODELS
3D PRINTED MODELS
EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES, LONDON US DEPARTMENT OF STATE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
OUTPUT
GEOMETRIC STUDIES W/ PV OUTPUT
MODULE COST
EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES, LONDON US DEPARTMENT OF STATE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES, LONDON US DEPARTMENT OF STATE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
SUMMER SHADING VISUALIZED 10:00 08:00
07:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
09:00
14:00 15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
EAST
SOUTH
WEST
WEST FACADE
SOUTH FACADE FACADE
EAST FACADE FACADE
EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES, LONDON US DEPARTMENT OF STATE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
15% SD 02 Sept 2011 • Form based on competition design intent, changed from double-layer cushion to single layer membrane • ETFE area: 10,190 m2
35% DD 08 Jun 2012 • Revision of ETFE form to follow natural curvature • ETFE area: 6,625 m2 (35% less)
A
B
C
D
E
F
60% CD 09 Nov 2012 • Additional refinement of typical and end conditions • ETFE area: 6,783 m2 (2.3% more)
EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES, LONDON US DEPARTMENT OF STATE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
FROM COST RECONCILIATION MEETING
10 JANUARY 2013
15% SD 02 Sept 2011 • Stainless steel frame, keder rail and wind strut concept developed
35% DD 08 Jun 2012 • Development of ETFE framing and connection details • Framing changed from SST to Aluminum • Number of wind struts reduced by 50% • Head Mount split in to Y-design to meet roof and access needs
60% CD 09 Nov 2012 • ETFE framing and connection details refined for wind loads • SST Head Mount simplified to be constructed from flat plates
EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES, LONDON US DEPARTMENT OF STATE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
8-14% EFFICIENCY TENSIONED CIGS CELLS ON STAINLESS STEEL CABLE
19-24% EFFICIENCY FLEXIBLE CRYSTALLINE CELLS ON RIGID PERFORATED METAL SHELL
CD 90 DESIGN: FLEXIBLE CIGS
CD100 DESIGN: FLEXIBLE CRYSTALLINE SILICON
Copper Indium Gallium Selenide
Crystalline Silicon
EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES, LONDON US DEPARTMENT OF STATE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
ETFE Membrane
Structure
PV Cells
Electrical Equipment
EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES, LONDON US DEPARTMENT OF STATE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
LOW-IRON GLAZING
HORIZONTAL SPANDREL
VERTICAL SPANDREL
HORIZONTAL STRUT TENSIONING CABLE PHOTOVOLTAIC ASSEMBLY VERTICAL SUPPORT RAIL
EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES, LONDON US DEPARTMENT OF STATE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES, LONDON US DEPARTMENT OF STATE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES, LONDON US DEPARTMENT OF STATE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
Glass & ETFE Cleaning
Glass Replacement: Curtainwall
ETFE Replacement/Repair
Glass Replacement: Gardens
ETFE Retensioning / Equipment Service
Glass Replacement: Ground Level
EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES, LONDON US DEPARTMENT OF STATE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES, LONDON US DEPARTMENT OF STATE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
ETFE OUTER ENVELOPE
GLAZED INNER ENVELOPE
LOBBY GLAZED ASSEMBLY
EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES, LONDON US DEPARTMENT OF STATE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES, LONDON US DEPARTMENT OF STATE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES, LONDON US DEPARTMENT OF STATE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES, LONDON US DEPARTMENT OF STATE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE
EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES, LONDON US DEPARTMENT OF STATE FACADES +
24 JULY 2014 | © KIERANTIMBERLAKE