Extreme Ocularity

EXTREME OCULARITY PAR FACADES + INNOVATION CONFERENCE OCTOBER 11, 2012

JENNIFER MARMON

AIA, NCARB, LEED AP

RUSSELL FORTMEYER

LEED AP

FACADE DESIGN & ENGINEERING TEAM

Architect

Engineers

Project

PAR Structural Engineering Facade Engineering Environmental Consulting

Type Status Area Budget Floors

Civic Competition 2012, In Procedure 14,000 M2 85 M USD 5

PAR Platform for Architecture + Research is an ofďŹ ce interested in architectural possibilities.

Setup as a platform for exchange within a global context, a team of 10 architects and designers translates an ongoing effort of spatial research into building form.

A global, integrated, multidisciplinary ďŹ rm of professionals working together to tackle complex building, design, and systems issues.

10,000 engineers, designers, planners, management consultants and exonomists working in buildings, infrastructure, and consulting 90 networked ofďŹ ces in 38 countries

5 KILPAILUALUE SITE AREA

Helsinki

6 Pyh채n Johanneksen Kirkko 74m

Mikael Agricolan Kirkko 30 m

Helsinki

5 Klippan Islanti It채meri

6 Pyh채n Johanneksen Kirkko 74m

Kiasma Museum of Contemporary Art

Helsinki Music Center

3 Finlandia-talo 14m March 21st, 08:00

March 21st, 12:00

It채meri 1 Helsingin Tuomiokirkko 123m

4 Kansallinen Museo 58m 3 Finlandia-talo 14m

March 21st, 10:00

Site Conditions

5 Klippan Islanti It채meri

Maximum Occupation

Superimposition

Stacked Strips

Increased Solar Access

Performative Morphology

Landmark Axies

Views to Bay

Taso Neljä Suunnitelmaa | Level 4 Plan

Tasolla Kaksi Suunnitelma | Level 2 Plan

St. John’s Cathedral 0

Finlandia Hall

0

5

5

20

20

Poikkileikkaus A | Transverse Section A

Pitkitt채isleikkaus Osa | Longitudinal Section 1

Poikkileikkaus B | Transverse Section B

Poikkileikkaus C | Transverse Section C

0

5

20

Pohjoiseen Korkeus | North Elevation

Pohjoiseen Korkeus | South Elevation

0

5

20

0

5

20

0

5

20

L채nsi Korkeus | West Elevation

Pitkitt채isleikkaus Osa | East Elevation

Comparison | Extreme Ocularity Pantheon | Apollodorus of Damascus

Image: PAR

Rome | June 21st - Noon

Image: PAR

Rome | December 21st - Noon

Image: PAR

Rome | December 21st - Noon

Comparison | Extreme Ocularity Sendai Mediatheque | Toyo Ito

Image: PAR

IVisualization: Labtop

Images: Toyo Ito Architects

Comparison | Extreme Ocularity Burton Barr Central Library | Will Bruder+Partners

Visualization: Labtop

Visualization: Labtop

Image: Will Bruder+Partners

Image: PAR

Oculus Facade

Comparison | Extreme Ocularity Seattle Public Library | OMA

Visualization: Labtop

Image: OMA

Visualization: Labtop Image: Arup

Image: Arup

Comparison | Extreme Ocularity Arab World Institute | Jean Nouvel Architects

Images: Jean Nouvel Architects

Images: ARUP

Helsinki

Rome

Images: ARUP

Helsinki

Rome

Images: ARUP

Helsinki

Rome

Images: ARUP

Helsinki

Rome

Images: ARUP

Helsinki

Rome

Images: ARUP

Helsinki Conclusions

Rome Conclusions

Heating dominated climate

Cooling dominated climate

Need to increase daylight in winter, but mindful of glare

Ample daylight year round, glare a concern

Solar gain is helpful for all but a few months

Minimize solar gain in warm months (solar control, more solar control...)

Peak summer sun control Natural Ventilation opportunity in MaySeptember Facade must prevent heat loss, amplify and modulate dualight, prevent glare, and enable natural ventilation

Opportunities for natural ventilation in shoulder season, but daily peaks exceed comfort in summer

Images: ARUP

Helsinki

Rome

90 째

Rotation of Oculus

Helsinki | December 21st - Noon

Helsinki | June 21st - Noon

Images: ARUP

Comparison | Extreme Ocularity Pantheon | Rome, Italy

Pantheon | Interior Elevation

Pitkitt채isleikkaus Osa | Longitudinal Section 1

L채nsi Korkeus | West Elevation

Pantheon | West Elevation

0

5

20

Image: ARUP

Sun Diagram Looking Straight Up

Image: ARUP

Sun Diagram Forms Oculus

Comparison | Extreme Ocularity Smithsonian Institution | Foster + Partners

Image: Foster + Partners

Comparison | Extreme Ocularity Pantheon | Apollodorus of Damascus

Visualization: Labtop

Visualization: Labtop

Roof Unit Type 2+3

South Facade Unit 1

East Facade Unit 1 West Facade Unit 1

North Facade Unit 4

Image: PAR

Environmental Analysis Subtractions within the roofline increased solar access for upper floor areas while the volumetry along the west orients surfaces to capture daylight.

Solar Access The library’s outer contours were designed to scoop light from Helsinki’s low sun angles during the winter along a 35° rotation against the N-S-axis.

Image: PAR

Sectional Model 1:100

Diffused Daylight Winter

Image: PAR

Solar Access The building’s outer contours were designed to scoop light from Helsinki’s low sun angles during the winter along a 35° rotation against the N-S-axis.

Exhaust

Displacement Ventilation Macro Airflow

Cross Ventilation

Ventilation Heat Recovery

Ventilation To best ventilate the structure, the facade will be closed in the winter and opened in the summer to bring fresh air into the space.

Image: PAR

Performance Parameters Taking a holistic approach, we propose a framework of performative design criteria based on program and environmental parameters.

Pre-Panelized Elevation Study

Concave Paneled Elevation Study

Concave Solar Collectors Concave panel proďŹ les could magnify light and heat, focusing it into the building and reducing energy demand.

Image: PAR

Visualization: Labtop

Visualization: Labtop

Facade Detail

Image: PAR

Picture Windows Anthropometrically scaled 2m high windows act as frames, offering unparalleled views of the city.

Aperature Distribution Minimal Light Desired - 10% Open

Transition Panel - 75% Open

Transition Panel - 25% Open

View Corridor - 90% Open

Diffused Light Desired - 50% Open

Image: PAR

Prevailing winds naturally assist in exhausting hot air from the cavity Open vents in summer to exhaust cavity

Raised access floor with underfloor dispacement ventilation.

High - Level Automatic vents to exhaust air through cavity.

High performance glazing to reduce western facade solar heat gain.

Swirl diffusers for raised floor venitlation cooling.

COOLING MODE

Snow melted by heated gutter system Closed vents retain heat in winter

Heat recovery at air handling units at top of cores and roof.

Heat is radiated through a raised floor displacement ventilation system

The facade will be closed in the winter, and the double skin will provide a thermal buffer to help retain heat within the building

Perimeter throughs within the raised floor will conceal linear hydronic radiators to provide perimeter heating

Swirl diffusers for underfloor displacement heating.

HEATING MODE

FACADE UNIT TYPE 1 WEST ELEVATION Oculus Aperature Varies

FACADE UNIT TYPE 2 ROOF Oculus Aperature Varies

THANK YOU

Visualization: Labtop