Facades: Chi 2013 - Stefan Behnisch

FACADES+ PERFORMANCE CHICAGO 10/2013

Stefan Behnisch

Behnisch Architekten Stuttgart M端nchen Boston

Our Built Environment

Urban

Cultural Context

Nature

Public Realm

Witnesses of Our Cultural Abilities

Material Responsibility

Energy

Air / Climate

Reuse of Valuable Resources

Daylight

Artificial Light

Focus on Facades

Urban

Cultural Context

Nature

Public Realm

Witnesses of Our Cultural Abilities

Material Responsibility

Energy

Air / Climate

Reuse of Valuable Resources

Daylight

Artificial Light

Urban? Why?

No sprawl More efficient infrastructure

Stabilize the economy

Not just cities, dense cities

What determines density?

Quality of living Infrastructure is defined per person, not by area

The public realm is more than infrastructure, it is our cultural stage

What is the appropriate density?

A competition for the tallest building in the world can be observed before the onset of each economic crisis, according to the Washington Post – January 2012 Context? What context forms the basis of cultural stability?

Dubai 1990

Dubai 2007

Sheik Zayed Road

Sheik Zayed Road

Behnisch, Behnisch & Partner

Behnisch, Behnisch & Partner

Behnisch, Behnisch & Partner

Behnisch, Behnisch & Partner

Behnisch, Behnisch & Partner

Behnisch, Behnisch & Partner

Behnisch, Behnisch & Partner

BEHNISCH ARCHITEKTEN

Ground Level

BEHNISCH ARCHITEKTEN

3rd Floor

UnileverHaus HafenCity, Hamburg

ASSEMBLY Double Skin Facade + + + + + +

Insulating Low-E Coated Low-Iron Glazing ETFE (Ethylene Tetrafluorethylene) Membrane is lighter than utilizing glazing Network of cable frames create saddle construction for membrane façade Pressure Rods and Tension Cables hung from slab edges with outriggers Wind Suction cables take pressure off membrane

Energy Concept

natural ventilation outgoing air airconditioning heat exchanger green roofs sun protection thermo active building systems LED lighting foil fassad

BEHNISCH ARCHITEKTEN

BEHNISCH ARCHITEKTEN

Grey energy depending on the construction method and gross floor surface

Mass construction with glass Mass construction Mixed construction

Light wood construction

Sustainability

New Conference Hall (2)

GBI (4) GBII (5)

Roberto Burle Marx Garden

PCT (6)

Location Conference Hall

Presentation model Conference hall

Visualization of the inside of the Conference Hall

Lounge

Energy Concept

Perspective from Place des Nations

BEHNISCH ARCHITEKTEN

BEHNISCH ARCHITEKTEN

DESIGN CONCEPT Atrium Neighborhoods + Ramps, walkways, and stairs connect work areas + Meeting points along these routes for staff encourage exchanges between colleagues + Varied sequences of spaces enrich the working environment + Communication + Informal Spaces

Option 1

Mt. Royal Avenue

Street Level

Level 7

Level 12

OFFICE/CLASSROOM FAÇADE ALL WORKSPACES HAVE OPERABLE WINDOWS AND INDIVIDUALLY CONTROLLABLE, EXTERNALLY MOUNTED, SUN PROTECTION A GLASS RAINSCREEN PROTECTS BOTH THE PROGRAMMATIC INTERIOR WORKSPACES AND THE SUN SHADING DEVICES FROM STRONG WINDS

ASSEMBLY Double Skin Facade + + + + +

Insulating Low-E Coated Low-Iron Glazing ½” Tempered Laminated Low-Iron Glazing Opaque Metal Composite Panels Operable Windows External Shading

SOLAR CONTROL External Venetian Blinds + Distribution of daylight + Solar Radiation: Allow daylight & block short and long-wave spectrum + Retract @ 23 MPH + Controlled by BMS + Provide User Comfort – Air Temperature & Humidity + Reduce use of artificial light

Landesgirokasse Stuttgart, Germany

University of Baltimore Law School Baltimore, Maryland

Construction Drawings + Natural Ventilation – Fresh Air Supply + Sun & Wind Protection + Comfort Factors as Parameters of Building Skin Design + Module Sizes: Based on typical programmatic unit (the office)

BEHNISCH ARCHITEKTEN DAYLIGHTING Spatial Organization & Local Control + + +

+ +

Daylight Factor Level +3% Exterior retractable louvers reduce glare Exterior blind tilt angles vary to allow daylight to be redirected in the upper 1/3rd of interior Descend or retract when façade radiation passes certain limits Local override for daylight

BEHNISCH ARCHITEKTEN

THERMAL COMFORT Window Automation + Manual Operation of Vents – User notified by indicator light

Corridor

Office

Enlarged Plan at Vertical Passive Transfer Air Slot

THERMAL COMFORT Active Slabs + Heat Transfer by building occupancy + Use of thermal mass + Active Slab Operation allowed during natural ventilation + Windows automatically close when conditions surpass the acceptable range

THERMAL COMFORT Transfer Air + Mechanical Ventilation disabled upon window opening for perimeter zones + Mechanical Ventilation always active for interior zones + Transfer Air Slots used for both mechanical and natural ventilation modes + “Used” air is recycled in the Atrium, which can accommodate fluctuations in temperature better than offices

9’ or 10’ Length Passive Transfer Air Slot Passive Transfer Air Duct with Sound Attenuator 7 sq.ft. Free Area

Vertical Passive Air Transfer Slot Locations – Level 5

INDOOR CLIMATE CONCEPT Natural Ventilation Mode + Operable windows can be used for ~4 months a year + Smoke exhaust fans at skylight maintain negative pressure in atrium + Occupants choose between mechanical and natural modes + Natural mode deactivates when windows are opened

INDOOR CLIMATE CONCEPT Cooling Mode + Provided by active slabs in occupied spaces + AHU delivers minimum outside air – Air Quality & Dehumidification + Classrooms are delivered air via displacement air + Offices are fed air via windows or overhead systems monitored by VAV + Transfer air sent to atrium

LIBRARY FAÇADE

BEHNISCH ARCHITEKTEN ASSEMBLY Checkerboard Unitized System + Insulating Low-E Coated Low-Iron Glazing w/ Gradient Frit Pattern + Insulating Low-Iron Full Ceramic Frit Spandrel Glazing + Insulated Operable Awning Vent

BEHNISCH ARCHITEKTEN DAYLIGHT AND THERMAL CONTROL Silkscreen Pattern + No external shading + Pattern minimizes coverage near ceiling + Deep spaces force strategic programmatic layouts – Stacks & circulation located in interior while reading rooms & group study rooms located near façade + Interior programs benefit from daylight from atrium + Glare protection achieved with interior screens

ATRIUM FAÇADE

BEHNISCH ARCHITEKTEN

DAYLIGHTING Fixed Blade Louvers + Spacing to block intense solar rays but still allow plenty of views outward + Minimal reliance on artificial light in atrium allows for more creative design

THERMAL COMFORT Window Automation + Automatic Vent Operation – Opens when conditions permit, not by push button operation

Radiant Fin Tubes + Downdraft of cold air at atrium facades create cold spots which would cause local discomfort

Thema der Folie

Reduced Emissions

Functional Diagram

Optimization of Interior Space

Ergonomic Improvements

Integration of PV Elements in Facade

Zumtobel Intelligent Facade Exhibit, 2010 Light + Building Conference, Frankfurt

Zumtobel Intelligent Facade Exhibit, 2010 Light + Building Conference, Frankfurt

Interior View

Siteplan IIT Campus

Interior Organisation and Outer Envelope

BEHNISCH ARCHITEKTEN

Thema der Folie

Thema der Folie Section

Thema der Folie

BEHNISCH ARCHITECTS INC.

Facade Pattern

BEHNISCH ARCHITEKTEN

Smart Envelope

Climate Concept

Thema der Folie