FACADES+ PERFORMANCE CHICAGO 10/2013
Stefan Behnisch
Behnisch Architekten Stuttgart M端nchen Boston
Our Built Environment
Urban
Cultural Context
Nature
Public Realm
Witnesses of Our Cultural Abilities
Material Responsibility
Energy
Air / Climate
Reuse of Valuable Resources
Daylight
Artificial Light
Focus on Facades
Urban
Cultural Context
Nature
Public Realm
Witnesses of Our Cultural Abilities
Material Responsibility
Energy
Air / Climate
Reuse of Valuable Resources
Daylight
Artificial Light
Urban? Why?
No sprawl More efficient infrastructure
Stabilize the economy
Not just cities, dense cities
What determines density?
Quality of living Infrastructure is defined per person, not by area
The public realm is more than infrastructure, it is our cultural stage
What is the appropriate density?
A competition for the tallest building in the world can be observed before the onset of each economic crisis, according to the Washington Post – January 2012 Context? What context forms the basis of cultural stability?
Dubai 1990
Dubai 2007
Sheik Zayed Road
Sheik Zayed Road
Behnisch, Behnisch & Partner
Behnisch, Behnisch & Partner
Behnisch, Behnisch & Partner
Behnisch, Behnisch & Partner
Behnisch, Behnisch & Partner
Behnisch, Behnisch & Partner
Behnisch, Behnisch & Partner
BEHNISCH ARCHITEKTEN
Ground Level
BEHNISCH ARCHITEKTEN
3rd Floor
UnileverHaus HafenCity, Hamburg
ASSEMBLY Double Skin Facade + + + + + +
Insulating Low-E Coated Low-Iron Glazing ETFE (Ethylene Tetrafluorethylene) Membrane is lighter than utilizing glazing Network of cable frames create saddle construction for membrane façade Pressure Rods and Tension Cables hung from slab edges with outriggers Wind Suction cables take pressure off membrane
Energy Concept
natural ventilation outgoing air airconditioning heat exchanger green roofs sun protection thermo active building systems LED lighting foil fassad
BEHNISCH ARCHITEKTEN
BEHNISCH ARCHITEKTEN
Grey energy depending on the construction method and gross floor surface
Mass construction with glass Mass construction Mixed construction
Light wood construction
Sustainability
New Conference Hall (2)
GBI (4) GBII (5)
Roberto Burle Marx Garden
PCT (6)
Location Conference Hall
Presentation model Conference hall
Visualization of the inside of the Conference Hall
Lounge
Energy Concept
Perspective from Place des Nations
BEHNISCH ARCHITEKTEN
BEHNISCH ARCHITEKTEN
DESIGN CONCEPT Atrium Neighborhoods + Ramps, walkways, and stairs connect work areas + Meeting points along these routes for staff encourage exchanges between colleagues + Varied sequences of spaces enrich the working environment + Communication + Informal Spaces
Option 1
Mt. Royal Avenue
Street Level
Level 7
Level 12
OFFICE/CLASSROOM FAÇADE ALL WORKSPACES HAVE OPERABLE WINDOWS AND INDIVIDUALLY CONTROLLABLE, EXTERNALLY MOUNTED, SUN PROTECTION A GLASS RAINSCREEN PROTECTS BOTH THE PROGRAMMATIC INTERIOR WORKSPACES AND THE SUN SHADING DEVICES FROM STRONG WINDS
ASSEMBLY Double Skin Facade + + + + +
Insulating Low-E Coated Low-Iron Glazing ½” Tempered Laminated Low-Iron Glazing Opaque Metal Composite Panels Operable Windows External Shading
SOLAR CONTROL External Venetian Blinds + Distribution of daylight + Solar Radiation: Allow daylight & block short and long-wave spectrum + Retract @ 23 MPH + Controlled by BMS + Provide User Comfort – Air Temperature & Humidity + Reduce use of artificial light
Landesgirokasse Stuttgart, Germany
University of Baltimore Law School Baltimore, Maryland
Construction Drawings + Natural Ventilation – Fresh Air Supply + Sun & Wind Protection + Comfort Factors as Parameters of Building Skin Design + Module Sizes: Based on typical programmatic unit (the office)
BEHNISCH ARCHITEKTEN DAYLIGHTING Spatial Organization & Local Control + + +
+ +
Daylight Factor Level +3% Exterior retractable louvers reduce glare Exterior blind tilt angles vary to allow daylight to be redirected in the upper 1/3rd of interior Descend or retract when façade radiation passes certain limits Local override for daylight
BEHNISCH ARCHITEKTEN
THERMAL COMFORT Window Automation + Manual Operation of Vents – User notified by indicator light
Corridor
Office
Enlarged Plan at Vertical Passive Transfer Air Slot
THERMAL COMFORT Active Slabs + Heat Transfer by building occupancy + Use of thermal mass + Active Slab Operation allowed during natural ventilation + Windows automatically close when conditions surpass the acceptable range
THERMAL COMFORT Transfer Air + Mechanical Ventilation disabled upon window opening for perimeter zones + Mechanical Ventilation always active for interior zones + Transfer Air Slots used for both mechanical and natural ventilation modes + “Used” air is recycled in the Atrium, which can accommodate fluctuations in temperature better than offices
9’ or 10’ Length Passive Transfer Air Slot Passive Transfer Air Duct with Sound Attenuator 7 sq.ft. Free Area
Vertical Passive Air Transfer Slot Locations – Level 5
INDOOR CLIMATE CONCEPT Natural Ventilation Mode + Operable windows can be used for ~4 months a year + Smoke exhaust fans at skylight maintain negative pressure in atrium + Occupants choose between mechanical and natural modes + Natural mode deactivates when windows are opened
INDOOR CLIMATE CONCEPT Cooling Mode + Provided by active slabs in occupied spaces + AHU delivers minimum outside air – Air Quality & Dehumidification + Classrooms are delivered air via displacement air + Offices are fed air via windows or overhead systems monitored by VAV + Transfer air sent to atrium
LIBRARY FAÇADE
BEHNISCH ARCHITEKTEN ASSEMBLY Checkerboard Unitized System + Insulating Low-E Coated Low-Iron Glazing w/ Gradient Frit Pattern + Insulating Low-Iron Full Ceramic Frit Spandrel Glazing + Insulated Operable Awning Vent
BEHNISCH ARCHITEKTEN DAYLIGHT AND THERMAL CONTROL Silkscreen Pattern + No external shading + Pattern minimizes coverage near ceiling + Deep spaces force strategic programmatic layouts – Stacks & circulation located in interior while reading rooms & group study rooms located near façade + Interior programs benefit from daylight from atrium + Glare protection achieved with interior screens
ATRIUM FAÇADE
BEHNISCH ARCHITEKTEN
DAYLIGHTING Fixed Blade Louvers + Spacing to block intense solar rays but still allow plenty of views outward + Minimal reliance on artificial light in atrium allows for more creative design
THERMAL COMFORT Window Automation + Automatic Vent Operation – Opens when conditions permit, not by push button operation
Radiant Fin Tubes + Downdraft of cold air at atrium facades create cold spots which would cause local discomfort
Thema der Folie
Reduced Emissions
Functional Diagram
Optimization of Interior Space
Ergonomic Improvements
Integration of PV Elements in Facade
Zumtobel Intelligent Facade Exhibit, 2010 Light + Building Conference, Frankfurt
Zumtobel Intelligent Facade Exhibit, 2010 Light + Building Conference, Frankfurt
Interior View
Siteplan IIT Campus
Interior Organisation and Outer Envelope
BEHNISCH ARCHITEKTEN
Thema der Folie
Thema der Folie Section
Thema der Folie
BEHNISCH ARCHITECTS INC.
Facade Pattern
BEHNISCH ARCHITEKTEN
Smart Envelope
Climate Concept
Thema der Folie