Structural Report of Term 1 Year 2 Project

Individual Report BA [HONS] Architecture Level 5 ARC5014 Technical Integration Dea Savina S16151420

Contents

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Contents

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Other Floor

1

SIte Analysis

21

Access

2

Location Analysis

22

Access on the Project

3

Weather Analysis

23

B.M.U

4

Sound and Smell Scape

24

Building Maintainance Strategy

5

Behaviour Mapping Analysis

25

Cost Planning

6

Client Brief

26

GIFA

7

Client Requierment

27

Method

8

Design and Structure Development

28

Final Cost

9

Construction Sequence

29

Reference

10

Construction Detail

11

Structure Strategy

12

Ground Floor

13

Other Floor

14

Section

15

Structure Model

16

Daylight Section

17

Daylight Section

18

Fire Strategy

19

Ground Floor

Site Analysis

1

Location Map

Site Map

England

Site Location

Map of United Kingdom 1:160.000

Survey (100025252). FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY

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100

200

300

400

Scale 1:8000000 500

600

700

800

Projection: British National Grid

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The location of this project is located in Rotton Park St in Birmingham, 15 minutes from Birmingham City Centre. This project will go along with the Port Loop project which is a new residential project done by Urban Splash. Port Loop project provide up to 1,150 new homes, retail and leisure space.

Fig. 1

1000 km

Dec 12, 2018 12:07 Birmingham City University

Soil Texture

Through the location map and the soil texture of the site, is surrounded by canals and a reservoir. Which both bring a big impact to the soil condition around the site. Port Loop site is considered a Flood Zone 1, which there is no historical record that shows any significant flooding on the site but the chances of flooding are higher on the area that is close to the canals. It can be concluded that the site has a higher chance of flooding than the other area.

With the site surrounded by water, the ground condition of the site is not suitable for underground construction.

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Fig. 2

Wind Direction

A

A

Si

te

Fig. 4

To

po

gr

ap

hy

Project Site Site Landscape Port Loop Stage 1

Fig. 3

From the Wind and Weather Analysis, we can see that on the site there is a high chance of heavy rain and high wind speed. For this project, the building stability system must be applied

The Site Topography is pretty much flat except in a few areas such as the site landscape area which has a meter deep contour.

Which will be flattened in order to make the access around the site easier for the handicap users.

The Sun Path Analysis which can be seen in Fig. 6 shows that the maximum sunlight gain is on the southern facade.d

Summer 58.06o at 15/06/2018

Sun Path Analysis Port Loop Stage 1 Design Proposal

The sun path analysis affect the placing of different type of space in the proposal and to understand which is the best way to locate the proposal.

Winter 13.01o at 15/12/2018

Contour

Canal

A-A Section 3

1 meter deep countour that will be flatten

Fig. 5

Private and Public Space

Private and Public space diagram shows the relation between users and how they move according to the space around them. With the Port Loop development on the site, that will increase the number of residential private space on the site and increase the retail public space which could bring more visitors to the site.

Through the Noise Analysis, the noise distortion is not considered a major problem in this project except the construction noise which I believe won't be a problem after the Port Loop and this project is finished.

The Smell Analysis. From the diagram, can be seen that the major smell type on the site is the Car and Vehicles which can be seen quite strong. This issue could also lead to a health and wellness issue later on. This problem can be eliminated by reducing the number of vehicles entering and passing through the site.

Fig. 6

Smell Analysis

Noise Analysis

WEEKEND

People PEOPLE TALKING talking WEEKEND

PEOPLE TALKING WEEKEND

Weekend WEEKEND

TRAFFIC

4

Animals

Wind & Water

Construction

Nature

WI

Footsteps

CO

WEEKDAY FOOTSTEPS

DOGS BARKING

WILDLIFE Wildlife

TRAFFIC

FOOTSTEPS

CONSTRUCTION

Weekday WEEKDAY

PEOPLE TALKING

DOGS BARKING

WILDLIFE

TRAFFIC

FOOTSTEPS

CONSTRUCTION

Fig. 8

WEEKD

DOGS BARKING Dogs barking

PEOPLE TALKING

Fig. 7

Car & Vehicles

TRAFFIC Traffic

Construction

Views

Fig. 9

Canal Network Route

Behaviour Mapping

Concentration of people more people Pedestrian Cyclist Joggers Cyclist

Individual Leisure A group of Construction Individual Construction

5

Fig. 12 Fig. 10

less people A group of Leisure

HS2 Network Route

Fig. 11

Behaviour Mapping diagram shows the activities of people who live and visit Port Loop. With this information it can be seen the most popular activity on the site is jogging. With the highest number during weekend and weekday, jogging became one of the main reason why visitors are coming to the site.

The future of Public Network Transport around the site is very promising with a great location not far from Birmingham City Centre and the development of HS2 will help people who will live on the site to commute faster and rely more on public transport than personal vehicles.number of vehicles entering and passing through the site.

CLient Brief and Design Concept

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Client Brief als

Type: Millennial generation and

X (variety of MilleniGeneration X in 2030).

Basic facts: With the growing population and a Design Requirements, Landscape constant wave of people moving to the city, this new upcoming generation goes against the current housThe Master Plan need to somehow made to ing style. Where their way of living is different than work with the canal surrounding the site. the other generation, this generation is determined to gain as much as experience in many different ways as Annual Festivals where a new client who just possible. Flexibility is a key thing to this generation. moved in to Birmingham could experience a varieties of different culture in Birmingham.

Design Requirements: A flexible apartment house where space could grow with the client. Flexible space where the client could easily move from one place to the other. Dif- Playground ferent type of units that covers the client's way of living.

More sitting area Not only a flexible way of living is important in this project but also to put a variety of different types of apartments that will fit not only these young professionals but also a broader range of clients, those with small to a big family.

Growth

Design Requirements, Living space

The proposal need to have a public space where the community around the area could go and also enjoys the whole Port Loop project.

A semi public space accessable only for the client who lives on the site.

1 bedroom apartment

3 bedroom apartment

1 bedroom attachedable apartment

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2 bedroom apartment

3 bedroom disabled access apartment

Design Concept and Development Design Concept Approach Type: Millennial X (variety of Millenials generation and Generation X in 2030).

Basic facts: With the growing population and a constant wave of people moving to the city, this new upcoming generation goes against the current housing style. Where their way of living is different than the other generation, this generation is determined to gain as much as experience in many different ways as possible.

Flexibility is a key thing to this generation.

Public

1. Density

3. Space

Private

The design concept of this project came from the concept of Growth that allowed clients who live in the building to have a flexible living space whether to expand or to down-size.

The layout of the building mostly came from the Site Analysis which then applied to the final plan of the building. From the Sun Path analysis, it can be concluded that the southern facade of the building will gain the most solar energy and daylight. With a high solar gain on one facade is not equally balanced on the other part of the building. As seen in Fig. 14 adding an atrium in the middle of the building will allow daylight to get in the building. From there, a daylight testing is done with different shape and space of the apartment building as seen in Fig. 15.

Fig. 13

2. Access and Daylight

Fig. 15

4. Early proposal

Structural Approach There are two different alternatives in terms of choosing a structural approach and type of material to use. The first choice is Reinforced Masonry. Masonry or brick is the most common type of material used in in the UK to build residential buildings. The structure itself usually supported by a load bearing wall that acts as structural support and building stability. The other structural alternative is Reinforced concrete which is one of the cheapest options to be used as a structural strategy. Reinforced concrete usually use columns as their main structural support system and lift wall as the building stability system.

Both of this structural system has balance advantages and disadvantages, but in terms of this project concept where the main focus is advertising flexibility and growth, Reinforced Concrete is a better structural system. Reinforced Concrete with columns as the supporting system allows the walls inside the building to be changed in a different approach that the client needs. So after in about 60 years when the building is no longer used as a residential building, with the structure skeleton it can be used as a different building with a different use.

Fig. 14 Semi-Private space Private space Public space Daylight in

B A Fig. 16

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Construction Sequences

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Construction Sequences 1. Flatten the Site.

On the site, there is a meter deep contour can be seen from Fig. 12, were located near the canal. This contour will be flattened with the soil from the site. By the end of this process, the site height will be lower by 25cm. After the process of flattening the site is done, the construction worker will begin to remove some of the loose soil and rocks on the site.

2. Foundation The first step before placing the footing framework is to place a blinding as a clean base of the foundation (around 2 meters underground). The next step is to place the footing framework for the foundation of the building. Before the workers put the reinforcement steel, a waterproof paint will be applied on top of the blinding to protect the foundation from the groundwater.

Then the reinforcement place with the columns starter reinforcement.

After, the ready mixed concrete will be poured and consolidated with the concrete vibrator.

After the casting of the footing is done, the formwork then removed and re-use.

The final step is to backfill the site.

1. Flatten the Site

3. Ground Floor Slab and Columns

2. Foundation

4 & 5. Ground Floor Slab and Columns

3. Ground Floor Slab and Columns To start casting the Ground floor slab, first, the framework is placed continue with the reinforcement concrete. The first step to cast is the ground slab and the columns stubs. From there, the column reinforcement steel between the ground floor and first floor then cast.

At this stage, the stairs reinforcement is cast after putting the stairs framework at the same time the lift shaft walls also cast.

4. First-floor Slab After the columns between the ground and first floor are cast and set, the first step is to arrange the scaffolding on top of the ground slab then on top of the scaffolding the framework is set. The next step is then to poured the ready mixed concrete on top of the framework and wait until it set.

5. Second, Third and Roof Slab The process of creating the first slab will be repeated through the highest roof slab 6. Installations In this stage is where installations, windows, doors, lift is placed. The fire safety system, ventilation, water pipes and wiring is also placed.

7. Exterior and Interior On the exterior, the landscaped pathway and greeneries are planted and on the interiors, furniture will be placed and building maintenance will be running.

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6. Insillations

7. Exterior & Interior

Structure Strategy

11

Structure Strategy The main structural system of this project is reinforced concrete flat slab and columns where they act as a load-bearing structure of the building. In this building, the loads are transferred horizontally through the slab and the columns. On the other hand, the building stability system is a lift shaft that holds vertical load from outside the building such as wind and other lateral forces.

Reinforced concrete as a structural material has many advantages in this project other than any other building material. One of is that reinforced concrete is one of the most common building material in the UK and also one of the cheapest and quickest to build. Concrete construction also provides an inherent fire resistant which does not require another layer of fire-resistant materials to apply.

Block B

Block A

Columns Building Stability SYstem

Ground Floor Plan Scale 1:400

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Structure Strategy

Using this skeleton structure, which usually is called the Do-Mino structure by Le Cobusier allows the interior space inside the building to be shaped in different ways. It allows the building layout to have a bigger interior space. The average span of the flat slab on this project are 9,5 meters with the usual characteristic imposed load is 2.5 kN/m2 for typical residential building makes the flat slab thickness to 300mm.

First Floor

13

Second Floor

Third Floor

From this perspective section, the flat slab can be seen are supported by the columns.

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Structure Model

15

Daylight

The glazed roof top will add more daylight into the building. The framing to the glazed rood will act as a filtre to reduce too much solar gain during summer time.

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1:200

A-A Section (Block A)

B-B Section (Block B)

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1:200

Fire Strategy

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Fire Safety Strategy This project main function is a residential building with the secondary function as a shared community area such as retail shops and open space for anyone to enjoy the Port Loop. In terms of fire safety procedures, this project majorly relays on the Approve Document B to surpass the fire regulation and legislation in the country.

The main structure material and building material for this building is reinforced concrete which is one of the building material that is resistant to fire and to apply the minimum standard of a fire resistant material.

In the inside of the building, minimum standard smoke detector, heat alarm and fire splinters are installed as a first defends in the case of fire and scheduled maintenance will be working to ensure the fire alarm system is working. On the other hand, in the case of fire, to prevent an internal fire spreading, fire-resistant doors and walls, are installed around the main fire escape route.

On the ground floor, the fire escape travel distance route is by 45 meters based on Fig. which was referenced from the Approved Document B. The horizontal escape route on the ground floor is pretty straight forward with Route 1.0 and Route 1.1 on Block B as the main escape route. The Block A ground floor is a car park facilities where ventilation will be installed.

Block B

.0 Route 1

Access for Fire Rescue Service to Block B

.1 Route 1

Block A

Route 1.2

Access for Fire Rescue Service to Block A

Horizontal Escape Route Main cape Fire vice

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Vertical EsRoutes Rescue SerAccess

Ground Floor Plan Scale 1:400

Fire Safety Strategy The main function of the project starts from the first floor to the third floor which is the residential area. On the first floor in Block A and B, there is an open lounge space that is a semi-private area that only can be used by the resident living in the apartment.

For the fire safety strategy, the basic standard minimum fire alarm is installed in each floor and will be maintained based on the standard procedures. There is 3 main vertical escape route in the main buildings that are assessable for all users including the disabled users.

The walls and doors of the main fire exits will be fireproof and self-closing doors in the case of a fire emergency to prevent internal fire spread.

The Horizontal escape route of each floor and apartment blocks will be the same since the layout of the space and the fire exit stairs were placed in the same way. On the first floor, Block B fire escape route there are 3 different alternative routes with the maximum distance of 7.5 meters to the nearest fire exit. Route 2.0, 2.1, and 2.2 work as an alternative escape route in case there is an obstacle to get out in one of the fire exits, users can use the other escape route within the maximum travel Horizontal Escape distance.

Route

Main Vertical Escape Routes

First Floor

Second Floor

Block B

Route 2.0

Block B

Third Floor

Block B

Route 2.2

Route 2.1

Block A

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Block A

Block A

Fire Safety Strategy in Different Apartment Flats

The fire escape route of each different types of apartments are made based on the fire exit regulation from the approved document, as referenced from Diagram 3. Route 3.0, 3.1, 3.4, 3.5 use the A regulation with the maximun travel distance inside the apartment by 9 meters from the flat entrance.

1 Bedroom Apartment

2 Bedroom Apartment

A

Route 3.1

Route 3.0

B

3 Bedroom for Handicap Users Apartment

Duplex Apartment Attachable Apartment Route 3.5

Route 3.3 Route 3.2

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Route 3.4

Access

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Access and Inclusion The access around the Port Loop area is pretty easy to reach. With great public transportation, it made commuting out and into the site relatively easy for every different user. The project site itself need to apply the same regulation.

One of the access regulation that is following the Approved Document is the carpark in Block A, which follows the Designated off-street parking bay for the disabled users based on Figure 1.1. The other design regulation that applied the approved document is the design of the pedestrian pavement on the site and the landscape. Which follows how the pedestrian road is also made for the disabled.

Master Plan

Annual Festivals

Bench and sitting area

Flexible Units delivery access

1:1000

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Dea Savina S16151420 Architecture Lv 5 Project 2

Building Maintainence

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Building Maintainence As a designer one of the important role in terms of health and safety during the construction of a project is to make sure that and hazard that causes a high risk of health and safety issues must be eliminated before the designer submitted the design to the constructor. As the designer of this project, it is highly important to understand every hazard even with the small or high risk to be able to eliminate and making sure all of the management contractor and the man labour on the site understand the rules and to be more cautious with the hazard around them. From the ERIC Schedule, client, contractor and designer could understand the high-risk hazard and know how to handle each of the hazards on the site.

ERIC schedule: Hazard and Risk Management Project: Project 2 Date: 8/1/2019

Section BUILDABILITY

Activity

A public member trying to get inside the construction site

Hazard

They could injured themselves or died

ELIMINATE

REDUCE

INFORM

CONTROL

(Options considered during early design stages)

(Options considered during all design stages)

(Information provided with the design)

(By contractor or client)

Forbid unauthorised people from entering

24 hours security guard

Theft will still try to break Too expensive in to the construction site

Working in height

MAINTAINABILITY

Faรงade Maintainance

Dropping something Not building more than Remove elements from the height or one story height building above the ground falling.

Fall from height

The project has design requirements Self cleaning windows

Too expensive Roof Maintainance

USABILITY

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Fall from height

Horizontal Circulation

Trip hazard

Vertical Circulation

Fall from height

Not allow any access to the roof Roof need a scheduled maintainance Design flat flooring and avoid design wirh any trip hazard

Accept Not making any open fall hazard such as balcony and access to roof The project has design requirements

Impractical Make all windows to be able to open and clean from the inside Accept/Reject?

Installing hoarding around the construction site

Installing warning signs

Accept

Accept

Make sure all personels in the construction site understand the basic safety and training Accept

Create barrier and scaffholding

Use protecting clothing such as construction hat to avoid elements falling on you

Accept

Accept

Hire professionals to clean the windows

Clean windows from ground floor with long equipments Quite imppossible for the 3rd and 4th floor of the building

Work only with standart minumun equiment and training Accept

Accept Only allow specific team to have access to the roof Accept Any trip hazard that are not permanent should have warning sign or taped (wires)

Any maintainance that causes trip and slip hazard have to have a warning signs in the process

Accept Limiting access to the roof

Accept Installing ramp around the balcony

Accept

Accept

Enclose the site when construction workers are not in duty Accept

No hazard material or equipment left on the site

Security strategy

Not all hazard material and equipemt can be stored somewhere else.

Close nearest Provide a clear pedastian detailed pavement to construction reduced the risk of sequence that dropping any allows everyone to elements to anyone follow the rules of reducing falling Accept from height hazards.

Create a detailed maintanance schedule to allow only professional workers to do the maintainance

Provide a detailed roof top plan on how to access and what is the best way to maintain the

Apply strict rules and make sure all worker involved in the construction site follows.

Making sure everyone understand and avoid all of the height hazard

Only hire professional faรงade maitainance worker

Hire only qualified professionals

Making sure everyone working on the maintainance team understand the dangerous and know how to avoid trip and slip hazard

Other Comments

Notes

Estimated cost

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GIFA estimated cost

£ 5,283,695

Gross Internal Floor Area - GIFA

Ground Floor First Floor Second Floor Third Floor

Car Park 391 0 0 0

GIFA PPSM (£) PPSM (£) GIFA Basic GIFA

Ground Floor First Floor Second Floor Third Floor GIFA

1:400

27

Café Apartments Circulation 199.5 0 275 0 1004 40 0 1004 40 0 1004 40

Lobby

57 0 0 0

Plant

60 0 0 0

Public Toilet TOTAL m2 84 922.5 0 1044 0 1044 0 1044

391

199.5

3012

395

57

60

84

4054.5

75 29,325

1450 288,550

1200 3,614,400

1300 1,194,700

1600 91,200

320 19,200

780 65,520

5,283,695

m2

440 440 440 440 1760

%

Method Estimated Cost

Based on the Spons Book to estimate the cost of building in this method, the total cost of this project, determined by this method is ÂŁ 4,569,149.16

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ÂŁ 4,569,149.16

GIFA estimated cost

£ 5,283,695 Method Estimated Cost

£ 4,569,149.16 Cost Average, £ 4,926,422.08

Cost Re-basing, £ 4,926,422.08 x 112.5% £ 5,542,224.84

References

Cobb, F (2009) Structural Engineers Pocket Book. 2nd edn. Oxford: Elsevier

Concrete Centre (2016) Concrete Framed Structures - A guide to design and construction. London: Concrete Centre

Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) (2013) Building Regulations 2010: Fire safety: Approved Document B: Volume 1: Dwellinghouses . 2006 edition incorporating 2010 + 2013 amendments. Newcastle upon Tyne: NBS

Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) (2013) Building Regulations 2010: Fire safety: Approved Document B: Volume 2: buildings other than dwellings. 2006 edition incorporating 2010 + 2013 amendments. Newcastle upon Tyne: NBS

Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) (2016) Building Regulations 2010: access to and use of buildings: Approved Document M: Volume 1: Dwellings. 2015 Edition incorporating 2016 amendments. Newcastle upon Tyne: NBS

Grant, A. (2012) Designing for accessibility. 3rd edn. London: RIBA Publishing Goodchild, C. H. Webster, R. M. and Elliot, K. S. (2009) Economic Concrete Frame Elements to EC2. Camberley, Surrey: Concrete Centre

Part 1, Chapter 13 Manufacture and Assembly pp.130-149 Bryan, T. (2010) Construction Technology: Analysis and Choice. 2nd edn. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell

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