Everything but Stockholm by Claes Sörstedt

EVERYTHING BUT STOCKHOLM

Another Take on Suburbia

>WORK-IN-PROGRESS >>VERSION 14:16THUR<<

Arkitekturskolan, Stockholm 2013

BOTKYRKA Slogan: Långtifrån lagom / Far from moderate

Year Established: 1971 Total Area: 197 km² Population Growth Rate: +1,6%

Population: 86 300 Birth rates: 13,5%

Population Density: 448.01 km² Death Rate: 0,5%

Local Tax Rate: 32.23 % Urban Centres: Alby, Bröta-Bröthagen, Draget-Kullen, Eriksberg, Fittja, Fiskarhagen, Hallunda, Kagghamra, Norrbyvret, Norsborg, Sibble, Slagsta, Tullinge, Tumba, Uttran, Vita Villorna, Vårsta, Åvinge --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Housing Types, units + area Single Family Houses: 12 200 / 12 710 m² Apartments (ownership): 7167 / 22.3% Apartments (rent): 12 822 / 39.9% / 3086 m²

Agriculture: 142 283 m² Industrial Estates: 25 236 m² Existing or past iconic/postcard architectural/urban projects (does not have to been built): Lida skidtunnel, Plantagon, Botkyrka Konsthall, Extension project of existing houses in Alby with SandellSandberg --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Planned Development Areas : Tumba centre, Riksten, Alby, Fittjaterassen, Slagsta Housing Types, units + area 350 units/year until 2019 Proposed Iconic/postcard urbanism projects Tullinge Idéhus, Hågelby park

Team: 1 Adslsteindóttir Valny, Comoli Alessandro, Gebring Hillevi, Kalmaru Arvid, Lundmark Sara, Petrycer Josefina, Smeds Elsa, Westman Rasmus

01. BOTKYRKA - CONTEXT

Commuter train

Subway

Tullinge Tumba

Fittja Alby Hallunda Norsborg

nd Bromma

01. BOTKYRKA - TOPOGRAPHY

5 km

VILLAS & SUMMER HOUSES

EDUCATION & PRESCHOOL

RESIDENTIAL (1-2 STORIES)

SPORTS AND HEALTH CARE

RESIDENTIAL (3+ STORIES)

OFFICES AND INDSTRIAL COMPLEX

RELIGIOUS

CENTER, COMMERCIAL

GARAGE, STORAGE, BARN

OTHER/UNSORTED

CULTURE (LIBRARIES ETC)

WATER

01. BOTKYRKA - HISTORY

01. BOTKYRKA - HISTORICAL TIMELINE

PeoPle have Been livinG in BoTkyrka For 9000 yearS. Back Then ThiS waS juST an archiPelaGo wiTh liTTle iSlanDS where PeoPle FroM kolMårDen woulD coMe anD hunT Sea.

1100

The municipality is named after Saint Botvid, a Christian missionary.

1129 The church of Botkyrka was completed in 1129 and it was the first wooden church built by Björn to his brother St. Bodvid and the church is still there today.

1500

alby farm has ancestry from the middle ages. The farm got its final look in 1895. 1895-1913 the inventor Lars Magnus Ericsson owned the farm. Botkyrka municipality bought the farm in 1947 and today carries out social administration activities on the premises.

1330

The biggest burial mound is 40 m long and 6 m high. it contained gold, silver and bronze and was very rich. it is dated to 650-700 a.D. The burial mound might be connected to the norse edda-poetry. one of the edda-songs tells the story about helge hundingsbane (helge, the killer of hunding) and an old tradition says that it is hunding that lies in the burial mound. in a Swedish rhyme chronicle written about 1330, hundhamra was mentioned.

1660

Fittja was the centre of Botkyrka until the railroad was changed.

1750

The earlier Fittja Gard, built in1750 lies as Ängsbyggningen and it is an apartment today. The building known as Fittja Gard was built in 1812 and today Mångkulturellt centre is placed directly opposite it.

1755

Tumba Paper-Mill Museum is a paper industry factory south of Stockholm that got started in 1755, supplying the Bank of Sweden with the banknotes ever since then.

1849

The oldest school in Botkyrka was founded in that year and it is still a school today.

1860

1890 alby Bridge was built around 1700’s. The bridge has been a role model for other bridges in Sweden.

Tumba became the central after the railroad was moved from Fittja to Tumba.

1894

1904

The largest fresh water plant serving Stockholm, norsborg Water Works, has been there since .

1950-1975 Between 1950-75, the so-called record years of the Swedish economy, an intense labour immigration took place in Botkyrka. Firstly, in 1950s and 1960s, Botkyrka received immigrants from Nordic and european countries, such as Finland, Poland, yugoslavia, Greece and Germany. later they got people from everywhere in the world.

1949

Botkyrkabyggen starts building houses in Botkyrka, they are the biggest housing company there today.

1965 - 1975

The Million Programme is a housing programme implemented in Sweden by the governing Swedish Social Democratic Party to make sure everyone could have a home at a reasonable price. stockholm bought a lot of land in northern botkyrka and created one of the biggest miljonprogramme areas with more than 10 000 apartements.

1971-1983 in 1971 Grödinge was merged with Botkyrka and in 1974 Salem was added. The Salem part was already in 1983 split off again and a new Salem Municipality was formed.

1975 2010

In the election 2010 a local party for the area of Tullinge got 6 seats on the agenda of separating Tullinge from Botkyrka as a separate municipality.

in 1894 ‘Separator’ (Delaval) bought hamra Gard and transformed it into a farm specialized in milkprocessing. it soon became a big industry.

norsborg has the south-western terminus of the Stockholm metro system's red line. It was opened in 1975 and is the westernmost of all Stockholm metro stations.

01. BOTKYRKA - TYPOLOGIES

5 km

VILLAS & SUMMER HOUSES

EDUCATION & PRESCHOOL

RESIDENTIAL (1-2 STORIES)

SPORTS AND HEALTH CARE

RESIDENTIAL (3+ STORIES)

OFFICES AND INDSTRIAL COMPLEX

RELIGIOUS

CENTER, COMMERCIAL

GARAGE, STORAGE, BARN

OTHER/UNSORTED

CULTURE (LIBRARIES ETC)

WATER

01. BOTKYRKA - THREE AREAS

Northern Botkyrka

Central Botkyrka

Southern Botkyrka

INFRASTRUCTURES

Highway

Commuter train

Subway

Tullinge Tumba

Fittja Alby Hallunda Norsborg

Commuter train Subway Bus connection Ferry to Ekerรถ and Bromma

ZOOM CONNECTIONS NORSBORG, HALLUNDA, FITTJA, ALBY, TUMBA AND TULLINGE TRAVELLING TIME TO STOCKHOLM CITY CENTRAL STATION PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

BY CAR

Tullinge 22 min

Fittja

Tumba 26 min

Hallunda

Fittja 31 min Alby 33 min Hallunda 35 min Norsborg 36 min

E4 cutting through northern Botkyrka

Norsborg Tullinge Tumba Alby

18-20 min 21-25 min

26-30 min 33-36 min

01. BOTKYRKA - TYPOLOGIES

Mansion Alby Gård

Row houses Fittja

Allotments Alby

Allotments Fittja

Row houses Alby

Kindergarden/pre-school Fittja

Multi story housing Alby & Fittja Alby Parts of the Alby we see today lie on a mountain and rises early from the sea. Alby was a part of the archipelagic landscape that characterized these parts of Sweden during the Stone Age. A stone coffin from late Stone Age dated to 1800 BC, was found on a little hill outside Alby. That is a very rare finding for this part of Sweden. There are also some grave fields from the Iron Age. One of them lies along Storskiftesvägen. A couple of hundred years later the capital of Sweden, Stockholm, was founded. From Stockholm went a road, Göta landsväg, which passed through Alby on its way to the southern parts of Sweden. Parts of it can still be seen. The first mansion was built during the 17th century. It does not stand there anymore. The mansion that can be seen today was built around 1809 but its appearance changed during the 1890,s when L.M. Ericsson owned Alby. He added a little tower, a colonnade and a portal. Ericsson was the founder of the Ericsson concern and he lived in Alby until 1916.

Fittja Fittja was the centre of Botkyrka from the time of the new road in the 1660’s until the railroad came to Tumba 200 years later. Some buildings, like Fittja Gård, still exist from that period. The name Fittja comes originally from an Icelandic word that means something like waterlogged meadow. When the new road was built Fittja changed. A post ofﬁce, a restaurant and fresh horses for the wagons was supplied. The district courthouse was also placed there. Fittja became the natural ﬁrst stop for people travelling south from the capital. Fittja also had a very good brick work that supplied the capital with bricks when its population was growing. The brick work was situated near the OBSstore. The building known as Fittja Gård was built in 1812 and today Mångkulturellt centre is placed directly opposite it. The earlier Fittja Gård, built about 1750, lies closer to the water and is known as “Ängsbyggningen. It is an apartment today.

01. BOTKYRKA - TYPOLOGIES

Tullinge Tullinge lies on the eastern shore of Lake Tullinge. There are no traces from the Bronze Age left that can be seen but the biggest deposit findings in Botkyrka was found here. A deposited finding is things that have been buried to be hidden or sacrificed. The findings consisted of a sickle, two axes and some trinkets; all made out of bronze. In the Iron age two well kept hill-forts were built during its early stage. Especially Skansberget is impressive and is the best kept hill-fort in all of Botkyrka. From the younger Iron Age several grave fields have been found. It is probably during this period that Tullinge starts the transformation from a single farm to a village. Many hundred years later, in the 1630’s, Tullinge becomes a Manor. The noble Johan Adler Salvius built a Manor house. It was burned in a fire during the 19th century and wasn’t rebuilt. One of the wings survived and is still standing though it has gone through some changes during the years. The oldest house in Tullinge is a simple cottage. It is named Trädgårdstorp and was built about 1650 and has remained unchanged since then. Most of what today is known as Tullinge consists of villas in different sizes. The oldest was built around the year 1900

Summer house south of Tumba Norsborg Many important families have lived in Norsborg since the Iron Age. The biggest burial mound is 40 m long and 6 m high. It contained gold, silver and bronze and was very rich. It is dated to 650-700 A.D. The burial mound might be connected to the Norse Edda-poetry. One of the Edda-songs tells the story about Helge Hundingsbane (Helge, the killer of Hunding) and an old tradition says that it is Hunding that lies in the burial mound. In a Swedish rhyme chronicle written about 1330, Hundhamra was mentioned. It was then owned by a duke. The 18th century mansion that we can see today, was built by Johan Liljencrantz. He was an important man in the Kings administration. He renamed the place after his second wife Eleonora. Hundhamra became Noras Borg which then was simpliﬁed into Norsborg. He also built an English garden that incorporated the burial ground. It is one of the best kept English gardens in Sweden.

Row houses Norsborg

Multi story housing Norsborg

Villa area Tullinge

Multi story housing Tumba Tumba What makes Tumba differ from the other communities in northern Botkyrka is that it doesn’t stem from a big farm with roots way back in time. The people of prehistory preferred to live close to the shores. Tumba was an inland country. That’s why traces of man during prehistory are relatively rare. The big change took place during 1755 when the bank of Sweden bought a small farm and started a papermill. Around the papermill came a community that developed with its own school and houses for the workers to live in. Soon after the railroad came in 1860 a society started to grow around the stationhouse. This society was more common with commerce, police, and a movie theatre than the papermill. A few houses from that period are still left. In 1894 ‘Separator’ (DeLaval) bought Hamra Gard and transformed it into a farm specialized in milkprocessing. From the beginning these three parts worked separate but grew together.

01. BOTKYRKA - PHOTOS

Fittja

Row houses in Fittja

Norsborg

Tumba centre

Alby lake

Extension in Alby by Sandell-Sandberg

Tullinge

Tumba commuter train station

01. BOTKYRKA - POLITICS

Red-green majority â&#x20AC;&#x153;Allianceâ&#x20AC;? majority Neither red-green or Alliance majority

The municipality of Botkyrka was formed in 1971 when Botkyrka landskommun and GrĂśdinge landskommun municipalities were united into one. In 1974 the municipality of Salem joined, to break out of Botkyrka to become independent in 1983. Through out history the social democratic party has been the strongest party within the municipality, doing their best election in 1982 and their worst in 1991. Within the municipality both Socialdemokraterna and Moderaterna have had quite steady results thorough out the elections since the seventies, while the results of the same parties have gone through a much bigger change in the election for the swedish parliament. The results of the smaller parties has changed quite a lot. In reasent elections the more local parties Botkyrkapartiet and Tullingepartiet has made a significant advancement within the municipality. Results of the Botkyrka city council election 2010

Election participation

Historical timeline of the results of the Botkyrka city council election

01. BOTKYRKA - A DIVIDED MUNICIPALITY/POPULATION

01. BOTKYRKA - A DIVIDED MUNICIPALITY/FOREIGN BACKGROUND

01. BOTKYRKA - A DIVIDED MUNICIPALITY/LEVEL MUNICIPALITY OF EDUCATION

01. BOTKYRKA - A DIVIDED MUNICIPALITY/UNEMPLOYMENT MUNICIPALITY

01. BOTKYRKA - POLITICS/TULLINGEPARTY

TULLINGEPARTIET An effect of a segregated municipality

Antal invånare 2010: Botkyrka kommun Tullinge (om egen kommun)

82 608 16 186

Nybildade kommuner i närområdet: 15 391 Salems kommun 14 724 Knivsta kommun 11 462 Trosa kommun 10 360 Gnesta kommun 9 331 Nykvarns kommun

Tullingepartiet was formed two weeks before the election of 2006. Some people living in Tullinge agreed to form a party whose goal was to form a separate municipality. They were tired of the nothern part of Botkyrka getting all the tax money and benefits. Tullinge is a homogeneous part of Botkyrka with 17 000 inhabitants and has, according to Tullingpartiet good conditions for a becoming a very pleasant town with good community and good economy. Botkyrka however, is a very large and sprawling municipality with parts that have very disparate needs. Botkyrka municipality doesn’t look upon the needs of Tullinge and the residents are not primarily involved in the rest of Botkyrka. And the main part work, shop and so on in other cities like Stockholm, Södertälje, etc. Tullingpartites main and biggest issue is to keep the homogenity and break free and form their own municipality like for exemple Salem, who has pretty much the same number of inhabitants as Tullinge.

Källor: Områdesstatistik Botkyrka Kommun, SCB

In the election for the municipaltiy year 2010 a party called Tullingeparitet won 6 seats, and became the third biggest party in Botkyrka. Why did this happen and why does Tullinge have a party of their own?

Ranking befolkningsstorlek av Sveriges 290 kommuner (1-290) 2010: Botkyrka Tullinge (om egen kommun) Salem Knivsta Trosa Gnesta Nykvarn

23 138 144 156 190 207 226

Andelar boendeform i Tulllinge: Äganderätt Bostadsrätter Hyresrätter

50% 43% 7%

Familjer 20-64 år (2009): Med barn 0-18 år 42% Tullinge 36% Botkyrka

Utan barn 0-18 år 58% 64%

Arbetsplats Tullingebor (2009): Utanför Botkyrka kommun Inom Botkyrka kommun

76% 24%

Medelinkomst tkr 20-64 år (2009): Kvinnor Män Områdesgrupp 148,0 181,4 Alby 125,2 167,0 Fittja 209,1 Hallunda/Norsborg 171,8 278,6 358,5 Tullinge 232,1 293,8 Tumba 52,7 55,4 Övr 203,6 254,3 Totalt

Totalt 165,5 147,1 190,6 318,7 263,2 54,4 229,5

The party has two main sayings; -Practical solutions are better than ideological deadlocks -The best thing for Tullinge What “ideology” you have at the national or international level is for them less important in local politics. In a small local community the big sweeping ideological visions mean less. The must of linking the different parts of Botkyrka is an unnecessary must according to the party; “Why do we have to have something to do with the rest if we can manage on our own?”

Botkyrka as it’s own municipality from Tullingepartiets leaflet

We decided to find out more about this party and their urge to form a municipality of their own, a phenomenon that is not so common among swedish municipalities today. A brief look upon this shows that this is one out of five similar conflicts today in the rest of Sweden. We set up a meeting with Anders Thorén, the party’s spokesperson and Carl Widercrantz, the party’s secretary. INTERVIEW WITH TULLINGEPARTIET at Café Tegner, Tullinge Centrum Standing ouside Café Tegner in Tullinge Centrum a sunny afternoon just after lunch we meet up with Anders Thorén just in time after having a long walk in the forest with his kingsize poodle before leaving to Mallorca for vacation. After ordering coffee we all sat down with Carl Widercrantz that had already installed.

Anders Thorén (left) and Carl Widerkrantz (right)

The discussion starts off when we explain why we’re here, them assuming it’s because of the ongoing competition regarding the new Idea Store in Tullinge. Last friday a leaftlet with their counterproposal that shows an expansion and renovation of the existing commercial centre instead. “You have to have a overall solution instead of brand new big house that doesn’t fit in an appropriate scale. We want things to blend in to enhance the homogenity in our part of the municipality. It seems like there’s an ongoing trend at the moment with architecture as branding”, says Anders.

01. BOTKYRKA - POLITICS/TULLINGEPARTY

Anders explains how the party all began with a bunch of thirty-something families moving to Tullinge with the hopes for an idyllic suburb with single family housing. They expected the schools and education to be high quality but got suprised by the opposite. The money had been spent on the nothern parts of Botkyrka for understandable reasons. Todays agenda with building rental appartments in Tullinge centre is also in conflict with the will of the habitants in the area. “They want to create a diversity of ownership but it’s just another way of saying that you want to mix up the people living here. This is something that the people in Tullinge are not interested in. It’s only forcing it”. The door opens to the café and in comes Peder, an employee for Tulia, the company that owns 85% of the commercial spots in the Tullinge centre. Anders suddenly interrups the interview, “Have you’ve got our leaflet?” Peder sounds surprised but nods when Anders hands over the folder with their new plan for the centre that has been posted by mail last week. There’s a short discussion about how correct the actual placing of the library/Idea Store is in the plan; “ I know that it’s gonna be built right there (poining at an empty spot on the proposal), in THEIR plans” laughing Anders. “They are saying that they are building a meeting spot for the youth but let us create those places in a new centre instead (now pointing at a basket court) “.

Tullingepartiets vision of the new city centre

When Peder leaves we’re asking about the bus connections between the northern part of Botkyrka and Tullinge Anders considers there’s no need; “Linking the different parts of Botkyrka together is only an ideological statement. I’ve only visited the northern part three times and that’s it. There’s no need. And what are they going to do here? Shop or just look around”? Here Carl jumps into the discussion with an exemple of how municipality tried to link the different parts together creating an asphalt road through the forest from Alby to Tullinge. “Nobody uses this road and it’s just an example of one of the investments made by politicians instead of the locals. Why not invest in a new station building for the commuter train? Do something that people in Tullinge actually want!” Anders nods and continues; “They are sitting in front of their computers and planning a new house or a road looking at Google street-view. Have they even been to Tullinge? I want the politicians to be more in touch with the actual society instead of sitting in their office in front of the computer screens. If the politicians has a more prominent role among in the local community they can also be held responsible for their actions in a higher degree”. CONCLUSIONS Tullingepartiet is an effect of a segregated municipality. They show the problems that might occur when the parts of a municipality are differentiated both in the economic situation among the habitans as well as geographicly, which is enhanced by the difficulties in public transportation to the northern part of Botkyrka. The Idea Store is an example of a political strategy when the wills are too many and the area to focus on becomes too big. The way of uniting the municipallity with a Starchitect is not the way to go. Tullingepartiet embodies this with their almost introspective politics.

01. BOTKYRKA - BOTKYRKABYGGEN

BOTKYRKABYGGEN Botkyrkabyggen is the largest real estate company in the municipality of Botkyrka. They are a stock corporation own by the municipality founded in 1957. The company administrates 12.000 housing units in Botkyrka, where10.000 of them were built during the million programme between 1965 and1975. 3.300 of these apartments are located in Alby, the largest million programme area in Sweden. 85% of Botkykabyggen´s housing stock consists in apartment blocks of witch 49% are three-room flats. They also administrate some villas and row houses. We arranged a meeting with Botkyrkabyggen´s costumer manager Jan-Erik Sandh at their costumer office in Tumba. “It started with a slit leakage (slitsläcka) in Storvreten, built in -65, the oldest million programme in the company, 1,5 yeras ago. ” This is a severe proplem since the waterpipes and the slit leakage runs through the construction, inside the walls, passing every storey, and they are therefore really difficult to reach and fix. These kind of problems are Botkyrkabyggen´s main concern and focus during the next ten year period, starting in 2014 with a renovation of 700 apartments each year. They estimate the renovation will cost 7 billions Swedish crowns.

De Laval Stockholm vatten National Property Administration Botkyrka municipality Botkyrkabyggen Stockholm stad

01. BOTKYRKA - BOTKYRKABYGGEN

To be able to afford these huge renovation costs, Botkyrkabyggen sold the 1300 apartments at Albyberget for 700 million crowns to one of the wealthiest venture capitalist, Mikael Ahlström, in June 2013. This has been a huge debate inside the media because the people were taken in consideration in a democratic manner about municipality´s political decisions. Thus the people living at Albyberget formed the group “Alby is not for sale” in sign of protest. Sandh argues that selling properties already owned or rented and investing in new building construction is the only alternative they have to handle this situation. We asked him: “Why there were no savings and prepared budget for these obvious emerging renovation needs?” The answer was vague: “It does not work like that, we have a continuous need for money, we have the lowest rents in the Stockholm region and we have tenants with an average low income. We also have a social responsibility and work for the public good and the people living here.” At the end of the 80s the Swedish government had a budget of 25-35 billions per year for housing policy with subventions, housing benefits and tax deduction for interest charges. In 1992 it was 32 billions, in 1997 7 billions and at the beginning of 2000 it was 2 billions. Today the incomes exceeds the expenses. Therefor with no state-support the alternatives are: - Raise the rents - Raise taxes - Mortgage/loan - Lower the ambitions/costs - Sell to private investors - Tear down The buildings where the condo-apartments are planned

Botkyrkabyggen chose to sell. “It will not cover everything but it is a start. We are also looking into building 100 new apartments per year which will bring in some extra money.” Another method that Botkyrkabyggen is trying is condo-apartments (andelsägandelägenheter). Eriksberg is the firts try-out area meaning that the tenants living there have the possibility to buy their apartment from Botkyrkabyggen for a low amount of money with a raised rent. The advantages would be the safety in owning your apartment, beeing able make interior changes and/or sell it. Since thay are a politically regulated company, co-operative apartments (bostadsrätter) are not an alternative according to Sandh, and he even stated :“it would be a politic suicide (politiskt självmord)”. Sandh also says that Botkyrkabyggen strives to have an informative and open dialogue with the residents living in their properties. One can argue that this was unfortunately not the case in Albyberget. They are also trying to avoid gentrification and make it possible for the people living in Botkyrka to make their housing career within the municipality. One thought is to change some of the many three room flats to one/two and four-room apartments. The strategy in the long run is to make the million programme areas more attractive and Botkyrkabyggen starts its renovation jurney with the most urging problems like water and ventilation. “One good thing about the million programme blocks is that they are repeating themselves, so when we find the right way to renovate one apartment all the others will follow in a long but fast row!”

01. BOTKYRKA - FUTURE LAND USE 01. BOTKYRKA - FUTURE

Markanvändning i Botkyrka kommun. Övergripande mark- och vattenanvändning i Botkyrka med målbild 2040. alla lägen inom det gula mönstret i Grödinge är inte lämpliga för ny bebyggelse. Mer information om kartans innehåll finns på sidan 90–91.

01. BOTKYRKA - FUTURE POPULATION GROWTH

Plats att växa – hur mycket och när Man kan hitta ett passande ställe att bo på, det finns allt att välja på. Vem som än kommer hit kan hitta en plats att trivas på

Den långsiktiga boendeplaneringen ska utgå från Botkyrkas läge – som en del av den växande Stockholmsregionen och mittemellan de tre regionala stadskärnorna Flemingsberg, Kungens kurva–Skärholmen och Södertälje. Bostadsmarknadens utveckling har betydelse för hur framtiden ser ut för befolkning, arbetsmarknad, näringsliv och ekonomisk tillväxt.

Vi ska göra det möjligt att bygga 20 000 nya bostäder Antalet nya bostäder ska tillgodose efterfrågan som uppstår på flera sätt. Kommunens nuvarande befolkning ger upphov till fler hushåll genom att ungdomar flyttar hemifrån och genom att antalet hushåll med äldre inte minskar i motsvarande takt. Dessutom finns en efterfrågan från hushåll i andra delar av regionen och från inflyttare till Storstockholm. Mellan åren 2001 och 2011 har det i genomsnitt byggts 240 nya bostäder per år i Botkyrka. Sett över en längre tidsperiod från 1980–2010 är motsvarande siffra 230. Därtill kommer antalet fritidshus som omvandlas till permanenta bostäder. Under de senaste åren ökar befolkningen i snabbare takt än bostadsbyggandet och det gäller både i Botkyrka och i Stockholmsregionen. Vi vill att bostadsbyggandet ska öka, till att börja med till 350 nya bostäder per år. Vi ger utrymme för 20 000 nya bostäder under 30 år. Det motsvarar ett genomsnittligt tillskott av 650 bostäder per år. Men kommunen råder inte ensam över genomförandet. Regionala och nationella infrastruktursatsningar, var hushållen efterfrågar bostäder och var byggare och fastighetsbolag är beredda att investera är andra avgörande faktorer.

1980

LÅG 2040 prognos med 350 nya bostäder per år

hÖG 2040 prognos med 650 nya bostäder per år

116 500

137 500

43 000

53 000

+4,2 %

+4,7 %

+6 %

230

350

650

2010

Befolkningsutveckling per kommundel medBeFoLKninG prognos fram till 2040. Befolkningsprognoser för 65 000 82 500 olika delar av kommunen. Prognoserna visar resultatet av lågt respektive högt bostadsbyggande. antaL BostädeR 25 500 33 000 de bygger på en uppskattad fördelning av var nya bostäder ska tillkomma. GenoMsnittLiG BeFoLKninGsÖKninG PeR ÅR GenoMsnittLiGt BostadsByGGande PeR ÅR

PLaneRinGsstRateGi: PLats att Växa

Här intill visas befolkningsprognoser för olika delar av kommunen. Prognoserna visar resultatet av lågt respektive högt bostadsbyggande. De bygger på en uppskattad fördelning av var nya bostäder ska tillkomma.

01. BOTKYRKA 01. BOTKYRKA - FUTURE

FUTURE PROJECTS FUTURE PROJECTS

Husets största del är biblioteket, men det innehåller även kafé och medborgarservice samt lokaler för skapade, möten och evenemang med The biggest part of the house is the library but there is also room for a cafe´and a civic center with a space for creativity meetings and events. The mera. Syftet med tävlingen är att få förslag på en byggnad med uttalat egen karaktär och identitet - såväl exteriört som interiört. En nyskapurpose of the competition is to get proposals of a building with a character and a identity of its own. A new building with world class architecture that pande byggnad med arkitektur i särklass som stärker Tullinge torg som mötesplats och som ger Tullinge en attraktion. Ett landmärke när det strenghtens Tullinge´s square as a meeting point. A landmark when it comes to architecture, design and content. Out of the 53 architectural offices aphandlar om arkitektur, design och innehåll. Fyra kontor valdes ut av de 53 arkitektkontor som anmälde intresse av att vara med. De inbjudna plying, 4 were chosen to participate in this competition. The invited offices are: Zaha Hadid Architects & Gross Max, Estudio Barozz Veiga & Hermansson är Zaha Hadid Architects tillsammans med Gross Max, Estudio Barozzi Veiga tillsammans med Hermansson Hiller Lundberg Arkitekter och Hiller Lundberg Arkitekter and Paju Arkitektur and landscape, Wingårdh architects and DorteMandrup Architects & Kontur Architects, HosperSweden & Paju Arkitektur och landskap, Wingårdh arkitektkontor och Dorte Mandrup Arkitekter tillsammans med Kontur arkitektkontor, Hosper Sweden Mandaworks. och Mandaworks.

Stockholm skicenter is planned Lida recreational area andkommun will be theoch longest indoorattskiblitube in the längsta World. The “ski cube”Skidtunneln will be just above 2 kmtvå Sthlm Skicenter ska ligga i LidainFriluftsområde i Botkyrka kommer världens skidtunnel. blir drygt long, 9 m wide with 4 tracks for country skiing. The inaguration is supposed to happen in 2014. kilometer lång och nio meter bred och har fyra klassiska spår och en skatebädd i mitten. Målet är att Stockholm Skicenter invigs hösten 2014.

01. BOTKYRKA - FUTURE 01. B OTKYRKA

Centrum man att byggaapartment 94 små hyresrätter speciellt anpassade för unga och de är tänkta att bli förhållandevis billiga. InI Tumba central Tumba theyplanerar are planning 94 rental units for young people.

in 2006 Kjellander+Sjöberg wereinbjudna invited byav theBotkyrka municipality to a paid the former school site in den Fittjafd Ång. The idea with the Kjellander + Sjöberg blev 2006 kommun till competition ett parallelltabout uppdrag om Fittja Äng och skoltomten Ängsskolan. commission med was to create an var urban instadsbebyggelse a lower scale as ai en complemnt to the buildings in central Fittja.existerande K+S got thebebyggelse. commission to Ambitionen uppdraget attarea skapa lägre skala somexsisting komplement till Fittja Centrums K+S realize it. fick förtroendet av kommunen att utveckla förslaget vidare till underlag för gällande detaljplan med illustarationer av framtida bebyggelsemiljö. Tillsammans med byggherren Hemgården och Botkyrka kommun har K + S under 2009-2011 arbetat vidare med utformningen av gaturum, platsbildningar och bebyggelse.

DANDERYD Slogan: none

Year Established: 1971 Total Area: 32.58 km² Population Growth Rate: 299

Population: 31,960 Birth rates: 265

Population Density: Death Rate:

960/ km² 269

Local Tax Rate: 29.45 % Urban Centres: Mörby Centrum --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Existing buildings and built-up areas Total building area : 25 167 000 m² Housing Types, units + area Single Family Houses: 6471 units, 1.062.989 m² Apartments (ownership): 3921 units, 222.189 m² Apartments (rent): 1885 units, 191.028 m²z Commercial Properties, area Malls: 23 000 m² Industrial Estates: 59.000 m² Other Types of other major businesses (could be science, culture, technology and research, etc.) Djursholms Golfklubb and Stockholms Golfklubb, Existing or past iconic/postcard architectural/urban projects (does not have to been built): Danderyds Sjukhus (Danderyd Hospital) 35 000 m2 Petruskyrkan - Celsing and Wahlman, Villa Ström - Erskine, Villa Markelius - Markelius, Villa Axner - Lewerentz and Stubelius, Villa Tallom - Wahlman, Villa Pauli - Östberg, Villa Snellman - Asplund --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Planned Development Areas [listed] : Surroundings along E18, Danderyds sjukhus, Edsbergsvägen/Enebybergsvägen, Nora torg Housing Types, units + area Single Family Houses: 19 units Apartments: 105 units Total: 13 000 m2 Commercial Properties, area Malls: 15 000 m² (Based on Solvind, winning project for new mall in Mörby Centrum) Offices: 32 000m2 offices was planned in a high rise building in the new proposal for Mörby Centrum but was recently stopped due to political reasons. Another 4500m2 grocery store and several floors of offices in planned in a 6 to 10-story building in the corner of E18 and Södra torget. Proposed Iconic/postcard urbanism projects: Danderyd Knutspunkt. Winning project: Solvind, by Eric Guidice.

Team: Lars Aebersord, Anna Copeland, Lea Glanzmann, Marta Kalmaru, Lucia Marcaccini, Johannes Plyhm, Alba Solís, Olly Veugelers

01. DANDERYD

02. DANDERYD

Danderyd has the highest life expectancy in Sweden

Danderyd has the highest education levels in Sweden

Danderyd has the largest living area per person in Stockholm

Danderyd has the highest average income in Sweden

DANDERYD 1:30.000

02. DANDERYD

ENTERING DANDERYD - ATMOSPHERE

02. DANDERYD

ENTERING DANDERYD - ATMOSPHERE

ENEBYBERG ENEBYBERG

DANDERYD DANDERYD

DJURSHOLM DJURSHOLM

1 1 2 2 STOCKSUND STOCKSUND

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It's not the real Danderyd that presents itself when driving northbound on the E18 from Stockholm. It's more of a barrier of shopping malls, parking lots, apartment towers and commercial buildings, protecting what really lies here from prying eyes. Nonetheless is it an essential part of this municipality. The road itself is the main artery, connecting Danderyd to Stockholm and the outer suburbs. Danderyds sjukhus, the hospital, marks the local hub for public transportation, where every minute crowds of people pour from busses and disappear underground to the subway and equally as many go the opposite way. This is where the few bus-lines within Danderyd end and the commuters connect to further transportation.

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Behind this bustling scene lies a different world, one which is impossible to experience as an outsider because it only serves one single purpose – offering those who can afford it a place to live in a quiet green surrounding. The streets here are empty. Every once in a while a gardener might show. Nobody is walking unless they are walking a dog. And the cars rush past in a hurry. The only time it becomes evident that this area is actually inhabited is when passing a kindergarden or school and the peace is broken by the cries and laughs of children.

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10.9 km I 16 min 10.9 kmI I116 1 Mörby Centrum minmin I 2 Danderyds sjukhus I 2min I 3 Bergshamra I 3 min I 4 Universitetet I 3 min I 5 Techniska1 högskolan I 1 min I 6 Stadion I 2 min I 7 Östermalmstorg I 2 min I 8 T-Centralen Mörby Centrum I 1 min I 2 Danderyds sjukhus I 2min I 3 Bergshamra I 3 min I 4 Universitetet I 5 Techniska högskolan I 1 min I 6 Stadion I 2 min I 7 Östermalmstorg I 2 min I 8 T-Centralen

3 min

02. DANDERYD

SERVICES / FUNCTIONS / RECREATION

The described scene is a common phenomena in low-density, single-use-zoning areas, which Danderyd is. The obvious consequence of this policy is that living, working, shopping ect. are inconveniently spread apart, hence the car becomes a necessity. Spatially speaking, automobile-oriented communities are largely inefficient as there are many low frequented roads and massive parking lots taking up a lot of space. It can also lead to further inefficiencies by making people constructing their own private leisure infrastructure right by their house – exemplary are the individual tennis courts found throughout Danderyd that are only used sporadically. But to describe Danderyd as the typical suburb – as comes to mind when thinking of the classic american suburb - would be a wrong observation. Evident is the lack of an overall order, as it has grown gradually and without big contractors developing large areas. The only elements giving any structure are the E18 motorway and a collector road which starts in Stocksund at the southern tip and circles through Djurholms Torg and up to Kyrkogårdsvägen. Danderyd is first and foremost exclusive and wants to stay that way. It is in a state of contentment, contained on a peninsula with a green belt shielding north. It sounds absurd to speak of the least dense area in Sweden as full, but it is essentially what the the people here feel because further building – if it is not along the E18 – would inevitably lead to an unwanted densification.

02. DANDERYD

SERVICES / FUNCTIONS / RECREATION

02. DANDERYD

To understand what Danderyd is we have to go back to the later half of the 18th century when industrialization forced people to move to Stockholm. The population nearly doubled in a couple of decades and the poor newcomers was forced to move out of the city to unplanned settlements. Meanwhile the rich bourgeois also wanted to leave the overpopulated city and new living trends made them look in the countryside instead. Danderyd north-west of Stockholm was suited for this project because most of it had been private and royal estates which meant that it had no industrial sites. Todays municipality Danderyd consists of several smaller areas that is a bit different from each other. Most of it is exclusive single family housing with the exception of Mörby and the area along highway E18. The first area that was plannes was Djursholms villastad. It was planned 1889 when brukspatron Montgomery-Cederhielm died and the heirs sold the old estate to the bank manager Henrik Palme. Other estate owners followed the example and sold their estates to exploitation companies. To make the rich bourgeois move out of the city the planners wanted to make the area exclusive, both in built and social character. To do this they invested a lot more money up front than for the other single family housesuburbs. They made sure that there were good communications, water and electricity for everyone and that the ground work had a great standard. The lots were initially very large, between 4 400 and 8 800m2. In one of the prospects for Djursholms villastad it said: ”Due to embarrassing feeling of pressure in the city we need more space to enjoy the benefits of the rural life without loosing the convenience and opportunities for work of the urban life”. For the founders of Djursholm it became clear that Roslagsbanan with its only track would not be convenient enough for the growing population but Stockholm’s politicians said no. In time a compromise was reached and it was agreed to make a shorter line from Östra station to Djursholm with nine trains every day. Special worker trains was set up that went out early in the morning and back to the city in the late evening so that the people in Djursholm never had to meet ”dirty workers” or see ”sooty factories” when they travelled.

HISTORY

02. DANDERYD

to far from the city and had relatively good communications. The beautiful surrounding garden city was also thought to have a good effect at the sick. The hospital was finished 1922 with 118 beds. In the 50s and 60s it expanded its services heavily and a new complex was built. In the early 70s it had over 1600 employees and 1100 beds. In the early 1960s there was also a huge lack of apartments in Danderyd. The queue had 2000 persons waiting, a lot of them for several years, and it was decided to build 950 apartments in Mörbyskogen. The apartments was built in the contemporary large-scale prefabricated rational style that came to define ”miljonprogrammet”. The housing i Danderyd was mostly built earlier though, around 1962, and very few apartments was rental. It also has a shopping mall, Mörby centrum, that was built 1961 with individual entrances to each store. The subway line from Universitetet to Mörby was finished in 1977 which makes it one of the most recently built. Originally the subway was supposed to continue to Täby but they turned it down because they wanted to keep using Roslagsbanan instead. The area around the subway, the hospital and highway E18 continued to be developed with offices and multi-family housing.

Tower blocks near Mörby Centrum subway station with nice detailing

Stocksund was created in the same way but slightly later in time. Djursholms planners already felt the competition for the rich bourgeois from Saltsjöbaden and was not that happy about a similar area so close and Stocksund had to live in the shadow of its grander neighbour for a long time. Both these areas had very regulated building permits to ensure that a certain standard was maintained. In Stocksund the lots were grouped in small groups to make sure that there was enough privacy. The lots could not be divided and you could not have animals or build factories on them. All selling of alcohol was also forbidden. The goal was rural housing with lots of open estates but the strict regulations created a dissatisfaction among the dwellers. Soon they had to allow smaller lots around 20 000 sft (ca 1760m2) and the areas eventually became a more dense single family house area. The other areas, mainly Enebyberg, were also developed in the early 19th century albeit a bit later than Djursholm and Stocksund due to the lack of access to Roslagsbanan. Those areas also consisted mostly of ”egnahemshus” (smaller modest single family houses) Mörby, the part of Danderyd closest to Stockholm, differs from the rest. It has much better connections than the garden cities around it because of the highway E18 that goes right through the middle as well as the subway. It was from the beginning of the 20th century dedicated to single family houses for the public servants of the city. 1917 almost a hundred houses were built. During this time it was also decided to build a hospital here to take care of the medical needs of the overpopulated Stockholm. The location was chosen because it was available, not

Example of more exclusive concrete architecture from the 1969’s

Villa Markelius

HISTORY

02. DANDERYD

COMPARATIVE STUDIES

02. DANDERYD

SIZE REFERENCE Research shows that the segregation index in Stockholm is higher for groups with high income than for groups with low income. Yet ‘segregation’ is generally seen as a problem of remote mass housing suburbs. In the Swedish debate, calling an area ‘segregated’ has become a way of saying that is has a high immigration rate. Strictly speaking though, the level of segregation is by far the highest in all-native upper class villa suburbs, where the differences in ethnicity, income levels and education are the smallest. It is important to note that segregation is increasing also within other groups, and the lack of housing in the big cities, high housing prices and the gradual disassembly of the rental market are all factors that contribute to this development. Segregation as a societal problem cannot be limited to the areas where some groups live, but has to do with where all people live.

SIZE REFERENCE

Gamla stan Stockholm 0,45 km2 3.300

Tensta Stockholm 1,4 km2 18.045

Kungsholmen Stockholm 3,9 km2 52.104

Danderyd Stockholm 26 km2 31.000

As you can see in the figure above the size of Danderyd is comparing to the other areas much larger. The surface of Danderyd is comparing to Gamla stan fifty times larger while the population density is about ten times larger. Gamla Stan 0.45 km2 3300 inhabitants

Tensta 1.4 km2 18.045 inhabitants

Kungsholmen 3.9 km2 52.104 inhabitants

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON POPULATION DENSITY

Gamla stan Stockholm 0,45 km2 3.300

Tensta Stockholm 1,4 km2 18.045

Kungsholmen Stockholm 3,9 km2 52.104

Danderyd 26 km2 31.000 inhabitants

Tensta 12.889/km2

Kungsholmen 13.360/km2

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON POPULATION DENSITY

This part of the city is the result of he first expansion of the old Glamstad, there is not an evident urban plan. Nevertheless, there is a real human dimension with a sparkling functional mix.

Danderyd Stockholm 26 km2 31.000

The district is organized by blocks with inner courts. They are mainly residential in the upper floors, while on the basement floor there are a lot of shops and activities. the streets are accessible to vehicles. Here we can find a urban dimension in which both the public life and the private dimension lives together.

Danderyd 960/km2

Danderyd is mainly a residential area. the leading feature is the individuality. There are not public spaces or lively areas. Even thought the quality of the house is really hight, almost nothing is at a walking distance and it is necessary to move with cars or bicycle.

COMPARATIVE STUDIES

ARCHITECTURE

02. DANDERYD

ARCHITECTURE

Most of the architecturally significant buildings in this area are villas/houses dating from the 1900s. It seems that architects utilized the weath and prowess of Danderyd to design the ‘perfect’ home and experiment with both modern and traditional techniques, materials and detailing. In fact, a few of the villas, such as Villas Lind, Tallom and Markelius are the architects own homes, and it is in these examples that we can see the most experimentation. As much as each villa or house differs from its neighbour, they all hold one common factor; a large garden. It is this vast area of luscious vegetation that lends the municipality its true character. The only part of Danderyd that stands out from this ‘green county’ is Morby Centrum which was developed later during the 60s and the era of the ‘Million Programme.’ Unlike the villas with their large gardens and quiet roads, this area is dominated by high rise flats, busy roads and public transport links. This is the most dense part of the municipality with plans to densify it further, resulting in a signigicant difference in identity from the ‘centrum’ to the ‘suburb.’

Our site visit led us from the built up urban centre, across the busy transport links, through the garden spaces and finally along the wealthy coastline. The map outlines the building we saw along the way.

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1. MÖRBY CENTRUM, 2. VILLA LIND 1945-6. Lind. Kevinge Strand 5. Danderyd, 3. VILLA MARKELIUS 1945, Markelius. Kevinge Strand 5. Danderyd, 4. PETRUSKRYKAN 1962, Celsing & Wahlman. Kyrkvägen 27. Danderyd, 5. VILLA AHXNER 1914, Lewerentz & Stubelius. Bragevagen 6. Djursholm, 7. VILLA STROM 196, Erskine. Granhallsvagen 31. Stocksund, 8. VILLA TALLOM 1904-06 Wahlman. Gardvagen 9. Stocksund

4. PETRUSKRYKAN 1962, Celsing & Wahlman

8. VILLA TALLOM 1904-06, Wahlman

3. VILLA MARKELIUS 1945, Markelius

7. VILLA STROM 1961, Erskine

5. VILLA STROM SNELLMAN 1917-18, Asplund

02. DANDERYD

FUTURE PLANS / DENSIFICATION

02. DANDERYD

According to TMR (Tillväxt, miljö och regionplanering) 37.000 new apartments need to be build in greater Stockholm each year until 2030. The TMR distributes these numbers between the municipalities in the region by their total land area, density and already existing construction plans. By these calculations Danderyd is supposed to build 60-110 new dwellings each year for the next seventeen years, which comes to 1000-1900 in total. The municipality is one of the least dense in the region, with only 960 people per square kilometer. Despite of that fact Danderyd is expected to built the least number of dwellings in the upcoming years. One of the reasons given for this is to keep it’s characteristic of a ‘garden city’. The area along the E-18 highway is again the main focus point for Danderys’s new development plan.

Before and during the ‘million programmet’ area new apartment blocks were built near the E-18 highway and a new center, Mörby centrum, formed with services such as a metro station, hospital and shops. This area has a very different atmosphere than the rest of the town, which is characterized by freestanding villas, mostly built in the early 1900’s.

Development area near Rinkebyskogen - eastern part

Development area Mörby centrum

Development area by Danderyd connection Knutspunkt

In the masterplan for 2030 the municipality emphasize that these construction plans will not be carried out until the end of the period. This could mean the construction of more then a thousand apartments in a very short time period. The densification of Danderyd is a complex issue, it is understandable to want to protect the old part of Danderyd as it was originally built but communities must also adapt to new times and needs. Some might argue that we are living the worst housing shortage since before the ‘milljonprogrammet’ in the 1960’s an 70’s. This also arises the question of municipalities’ social duties.

02. DANDERYD

politicsPOLITICS

02. DANDERYD

politics POLITICS Who builds Danderyd? Each municipality needs to form a layout plan describing the general visions for the future building. A proposal is formulated by the municipal council and after that it needs to be presented for the public during at least two months so each inhabitant has a chance to formulate his or her opinion. The municipal council then makes the decision of the new layout plan. The layout plan is not apprenticed but it shows in what direction the municipal strives and works as a guideline when new detail plans is being formed.

Development areas Municipal election results Number of votes %

The political government in Danderyd municipality is a coalition of Moderata samlingspartiet, centerpartiet and Kristdemokraterna. The municipal council is the highest decision making body and in Danderyd this consists of 45 members from 6 parties. The chairman is Björn Hamilton from Moderaterna. Allocation of seats 2013: • • • • • •

Moderata samlingspartiet 19 Centerpartiet 10 Folkpartiet 8 Socialdemokraterna 3 Kristdemokraterna 3 Miljöpartiet 2

The latest layout plan runs until 2030. The main goals for this are to build a new junction in Mörby and to densify the surroundings along E18. The political forces in Danderyd want to keep the sparsely populated residential area and it is described as a national interest to protect it. The municipal has received quite a lot of criticism for not taking responsibility in accepting refugees and building more residences. But the inhabitants in Danderyd share the resistance toward new housing projects. Groups such as Nimby have a strong support here. Danderyd is, together with Norrtälje, Täby, Vallentuna, Vaxholm and Österåker, a part

Taxpaying

The municipal council of Danderyd has decided on 8 overall goals that the municipality aims for: • •

• • • • •

Low educated

Danderyd should be a good and attractive municipality to live and work in. Danderyd should offer its inhabitants a great freedom of choice when it comes to the municipal service suitable for the requirements and wishes for each individual. The inhabitants of Danderyd should be offered a good and desirable service. A good economic continence should be the guideline for all municipal enterprise. The municipality should offer good conditions for a varied leisure and cultural life. A good climate for business should be offered in the municipality. The municipality should have low municipal tax.Danderyd should have a good and healthy environment and strive for a sustainable development.

of a collaboration called Stockholm Nordost, STONO. This organization is working for a collective vision for the development of the region. It is focusing on the communications, infrastructure, building, population growth, industrial life and sustainability. STONO is trying to push the development of the public transportations for example by letting the train service reach further north.

Developing area

Purchase prize small houses

New built housing in Danderyd Number of apartments

Average income

In new built single family houses In new built block of flats

Refugees in municipalities The poor municipalities accept more refugees than the rich ones. Danderyd for example is in the bottom with only 3 accepted refugees per 1000 inhabitants which is comparable to 31 in Bjurholmen.

Richer municipalities

Poorer municipalities

Average in Sweden 11,2

Number of accepted refugees per 1000 inhabitants in rich and poor municipalities

Average number for municipalities where the mayor is held by a certain party.

Ekerö Slogan: Kulturens övärld - The Archipelago of Culture

Year Established: 1971 Total Area: 383,63 km² Population Growth Rate: 0,011

Population: 26 254 Birth rates: 0,011

Population Density: Death Rate:

120,61 0,006

Local Tax Rate: 19,23 % (31,33 %) Urban Centres: Ekerö Centrum, Stenhamra --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Existing buildings and built-up areas Housing Types, units Single Family Houses: 8283 units Apartments (ownership): 985 units Apartments (rent): 535 units Other Types of other major businesses (could be science, culture, technology and research, etc.) Oriflame factory, situated in Ekerö Centrum Existing or past iconic/postcard architectural/urban projects (does not have to been built): Ekerö Centrum by Ralph Erskine

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Planned Development Units : Housing Types, units planned 2011-2015 Single Family Houses: 390 units (78 units/ year) Apartments (ownership): 244 units (49 units/ year) Apartments (rent): 61 units (20% of total 305 aparments, 12 units/ year) Other: None planned in the Layout Plan Commercial Properties, units planned 2011-2015 Malls: None planned in the Layout Plan Offices: 4 possible locations, undecided area/ units Other: 5 locations possible for stores/ services, undecided area/ numbers Industrial Estates: 2 possible locations, undecided area/ numbers Other Types of other major businesses (could be science, culture, technology and research, etc.) None planned in the Layout Plan Proposed Iconic/postcard urbanism projects Förbifart Stockholm (although not planned on municipality level). Current planning Ekerö centre – Expansion of the centre to the east (Tappsund) and west. Residential and commercial buildings.

Team: Filip Marcak, Jakob Wiklander, Jennifer Potoczak, Julie Splawski, Kristin Karlsson, Malin Ahlgren Bergman, Pierre-Jean Gombert, Rini Cragg.

01. EKERÖ

EKERÖ MUNICIPALITY The municipality of Ekerö is situated to the west of Stockholm in lake Mälaren. Unusually rural for its close proximity to the city, the municipality suffers a lack of younger inhabitants. Large areas remain farmland, and car dependency is prevalent. Over the next few pages, the relationship between Ekerö and Stockholm will be explored, as well as the role of architects, construction companies, politicians etc. in the development of the contemporary city. Lastly, there will be a discussion about the million program era and Swedish suburbia in general.

Proposed Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Higher density area Lower density area World Heritage Site Commercial development Munsö Adelsö

Housing development

Färingsö

Industrial development Direction of development Area of development

Björkö Lovö

Ekerö

2,5

Helgö

kilometer

The distinction between city and suburbia The centre core of Stockholm has since the 17th century been physically defined by its six customs stations. As the city is largely situated on a series of islands, there is a natural division into different areas and parts of the city. In the south lake Mälaren separates the city centre from the southern suburbs. Though closely situated in distance, the different sides of the bay are clearly distinct in terms of character;

whether they belong to the city centre or are considered to be suburbs. In the north the division is not as clear at first sight. The separation between city and suburb is not made by nature but built by man. Major road constructions act as dividers and create two separate sides; city and suburb. Ekerö is a municipality consisting of

02. EKERÖ

approximately 140 separate islandswhich creates a natural separation from other parts of greater Stockholm. To access the centre of Ekerö one has to pass through the island of Lovö, a mostly rural landscape where the royal castle is situated. As a consequence of the castle’s location, which is a world heritage site, the island is to be kept as an open landscape. No further expansion is planned. Thus the division between Ekerö centre and central Stockholm will remain.

Proposed Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Higher density area Lower density area World Heritage Site Commercial development Housing development Industrial development Direction of development Area of development

One possible link in the future is the Stockholm Bypass, which is intended to link the traffic south of Stockholm to the traffic north of the city, without leading it through the actual city centre. The link will be a tunnel surfacing on Lovö. It will connect to the Ekerö main road and enable a direct link between Ekerö centre and Kungens kurva in the south and Kista and Sollentuna in the north. This link might increase the connection between Ekerö and Stockholm

in terms of faster transportation but it will not join them. Ekerö will still remain a rural suburb or exurb due to location.

03. EKERÖ

8th century

10th century

Founding of Birka on Björkö, the oldest urban structure in Sweden.

For unknown reasons the settlement on Björkö was abandoned.

1580

John III of Sweden built the original stone palace for his queen, Catherine Jagellon. The reanaissance building was designed by Willem Boy.

1661

Queen Dowager Hedvig Eleonora started to have the old palace rebuilt into a new French Baroque palace, designed by architect Nicodemus Tessin.

18th century

1800 - 1970ties

The Palace served as a residence of the Swedish royal court.

A brickyard, located at the site of today‘s Ekerö Centrum, brought large quanteties of bricks to Mälartorget, Stockholm.

1863

First local government acts were implemented in Sweden. Eight rural municipalities were created on todays Ekerön Municipal, each corresponding to an old parish.

1871

Start of the excavations of the approximately 1.100 graves in the area. These have been continued ever since.

1952

The municipal reform of 1952 grouped the eight existing rural municipalities into two new larger entities.

1971

The next reform in 1971 merged them into the present municipality.

1976

Ralph Erskine won the competition for the rebuilding of Ekerö Centrum.

1979

The Social democrats were replaced by the Moderate party as the largest party in the municipality.

since 1984

April 21st, 1990

Drottningholm was the official residence of the Royal Family. Large parts of the park became accessible to the public.

Inauguration of Ralph Erskine‘s new Centrum.

1991

Mainly because of the Drottningholm Palace Theatre and the Chinese Pavilion, the palace became a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

1993

Birka (along with Hovgården) has been named a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

1995

A museum was create in 1995. During the summers, various boats carry large numbers of tourists to the island.

June 2005

Ekerö Centrum

The detailplan for Sandudden was put in place.

Birka

Drottningholm

Politics

04. EKERÖ

FOCUS ON TODAY The challenges facing contemporary metropolitan areas are many. Among them are housing shortages, congestion, sprawl and segregation. The methods available for dealing with these issues are different for remote municipalities like Ekerö compared to more central areas. In Ekerö the strategies for new developments are Färingsö stated in Översiktsplanen (ÖP), which currently states that 139 homes are to be built each year. One can ask whether Ekerö takes its responsibility in accommodating the needs of the ever growing Greater Stockholm – if all municipalities were to build at a similar rate, we would soon be facing extreme housing shortages. The reason why construction is limited to this rather small number is to both meet the expectations of people moving into the municipality, expecting average suburban levels of services, and those of the current population, who want Ekerö to remain rural. Not putting more pressure on the already insufficient infrastructure is another concern. The ÖP also states which parts of the

Ekerö

Helgö Färingsö

municipality are to be developed, and which are to be preserved. It defines “tätortsbandet” which are the areas in which more prominent change may be expected over the coming years, most notably in the area between Stenhamra on Färingsö, and Ekerö centrum. In the northern parts of Färingsö the municipality will work to maintain the rural character. A citizen dialogue is in place, and while there is a local understanding for the need of population growth in order to sustain services, they are firm in their wish to avoid any extensive devolopments. The preference is for existing lots to be subdivided, and new houses are to be in keeping with local character. The ÖP states that approximately half of the new homes should be apartments, of which the political aim is that 20% should be leasehold flats. This is a relative low percentage, compared to many large new projects in Stockholm in which that figure can be as high as 50 %. In fact no apartment blocks have been built since the Lovö extension of the Erskine area in centrum in the beginning of the nineties, apart from two “town villas” with a total amount of approximately 40 apartments. Gräns for tätortsBefintlig Centrum med butiker och bostäder Nytt bostadsområde Industri, utvidgning Omvandlingsomräde, kommunalt VA Omvandlingsomräde, på sikt Aktivitetsomräde Föreslaget naturreservat Tätortsnära natur Framtida utbyggnadsriktningar

Lovö

Ekerö Helgö

Gräns for tätortsBefintlig Centrum med butiker och bos Nytt bostadsområde Industri, utvidgning Omvandlingsomräde, kommu Omvandlingsomräde, på sikt Aktivitetsomräde

Föreslaget naturreservat Tätortsnära natur Framtida utbyggnadsriktninga

05. EKERÖ

Right now there are two developments under way, one by Wrangels väg and one by Ekerö strand, which together consists of 800 apartments to be built over the next fifteen years, more than doubling the current apartment stock. These are fairly central areas, with existing apartment blocks, and services capable of supporting a large number of new residents.

commerce. Naturally, everyone needs to make into town now and then, but the municipality tries to delimit the number of car motions.

Due to the fact that most people commute to the city for work, sprawl happens wherever something is built in the municipality. The strive is for new constructions to be built in areas in close connection to public transport and

Most likely the Stockholm Bypass will be realized, but any type of rail bounded traffic is not realistic. The traffic in the municipality is very much unidirectional, with 8000 traveling outwards every day, and 3000 inwards. One way of dealing with the congestion caused by this large number of commuters to Stockholm is to make it easier to run a business within the municipality. This is attempted by providing facilities and extending the fiber optics network.

SPRAWL

SINGLE FAMILY SUBDIVISION

06. EKERĂ&#x2013;

WHO BUILDS THE CITY? The private sector dominates the housing market in the municipality. What is built mainly comes about in three ways, the first being the development of larger areas by companies such as NCC or Skanska. These homes are often catalogue houses, built in stages as the plots are bought. The second way is for private persons to build houses on empty plots, in existing neigbourhoods.

rural lot by a preliminary decision. This occurs more sporadicly, and there is no need for a local plan. Every year there are about 40 preliminary decisions handed out. A rough estimation is that the balance of what is being built by larger developers and smaller private initiatives is about equal. The difference is rather that private initiatives have a continuous pace, whereas bigger construction occurs rarely, but when they do the building is extensive.

The third way generally happens outside of these areas by parceling out a peace of a bigger

In terms of rental housing units, the only major operator is the municipal company AB EkerĂś

BLOCKS

RURAL

10. EKERÖ

Munsö

Färingsö

Adelsö

Färingsö

Adelsö

Björkö

Björkö Lovö

Lovö

Ekerö

Helgö

SINGLE FAMILY SUBDIVISION

Munsö

SPRAWL/ EXURB

Färingsö

Adelsö

Björkö Lovö Ekerö

Helgö

BLOCKS

EKERÖ

municipalities stockholm

Munsö

Färingsö

Adelsö

Björkö Lovö Ekerö

Helgö

sprawl, exurb, zoomburb, rurban, housing, isolated, golfyard, facilities, commercial, appartmens, industrial

07. EKERÖ

direction Uppsala/Enköping

Munsö Adelsö

Färingsö Trafikplats VINSTA direction center Stockholm

direction center Stockholm

Björkö Lovö Ekerö direction center Stockholm

direction Ekerö

Helgö

Trafikplats KUNGENS KURVA

direction Södertälje

Bostäder, which owns and lets a total of 845 homes, in the form of rowhouses and multifamily buildings. As stated above, no new housing has been developed by the company since the early nineties. So, the building of Ekerö is done by private persons and large scale construction companies. Nothing, in terms of housing, has been built directly by the municipality for the last twenty years. The role of the municipality is rather to decide when and where construction can take place, whereas design and financing come from private parties. Plans are developed by officials without political affiliation, working for the municipality. These officials are, however, working under political influence, mainly on a local level, but indirectly also on regional one. What with the constant influx of people to Stockholm, there is a pressure on all the municipalities in the region to provide more housing. At the same time, there is concern on the local level for the capacity of the infrastructure, and the desire of the local population to preserve the rural character of Ekerö. There are consequences to leaving the construction of the city solely to private interests. When profit is the main motivator,

the homes that are built are aimed at a certain demographic. This raises the question whether municipalities have a responsibility to supply housing for all segments of the population. This is of course a political matter, and Ekerö has been under right wing rule for the last three decades. Most of what exist in terms of rental units came about during the previous social democratic rule. The question of who we build for seems, unsurprisingly, to be an ideological one. Aside from housing, building the modern city means developing infrastructure. However, decisions regarding the development of tramways and such are made on county level rather than municipal, and the comparably small population of Ekerö makes it a low priority. The most important infrastructural project concerning Ekerö at present, the Stockholm Bypass, was proposed by Swedish Transport Administration, and approved by the state government.

Current public transportation by bus and ferry

Current and proposed connections to the mainland

08. EKERÖ

THE ROLE OF THE ARCHITECT – RALPH ERSKINE The best example of an individual architect’s influence on Ekerö is that of Ralph Erskine. His Quaker education influenced his “architectural philosophy”, and more generally ideas on the place of man in the society. The Quaker principles are pacifism, egalitarianism , individuality, and finally respect for the natural world. His wish to build Ekerö city center at the water’s edge instead of the middle of the land (facilitating road accesses for example) can easily illustrate the last Quaker principle. When Erskine was designing on a city scale, he preferred to say he was building a community, instead of building facilities and housing. His first attention was to design and identify:

Density of Ekerö centre, Ekerö

Density of Trakvista centre, Ekerö

Density of Stockholm centre,

- The private domain of the individual: The dwelling - The semi-private world: The garden, the yard - The semi-public zone: The local green, the shop - The fully public realm: The town square, the shopping centre First building these different types of space, and then facilitating transitions between them, he always wanted to create a coherent and connected urban fabric. He liked to design

09. EKERÖ

urban fabrics with incidents, spatial contrasts, surprises and most importantly, country town scale. These rules are reflected in the planning of Ekerö Centrum. THE FUTURE OF EKERÖ CENTRUM There are plans to develop the Centrum area in Ekerö. The focus has been on the visionary work and the development of a plan that gives downtown buildings, as designed by Ralph Erskine, a way to evolve into a local trading centre for the municipality’s residents. This work also includes proposals on inﬁlls of new housing and a comprehensive review of traffic and infrastructure, where great emphasis is on public transport in the future organization and localization. This kind of housing will be quite independent, as the single family home still is the most popular in Ekerö. There are many different types of single family homes, and thus they create no clear identity for the city. For example, we can consider the housing designed by Sandellsandberg, built in 2012 in Ekerö. The plans express simplicity, good organisation and functionality of housing, but the appearance could be seen as banal and with no architectural qualities. An important aspect is the wishes of the current inhabitants of Ekerö. As stated before, there is a strong desire to preserve the atmosphere and character of Ekerö, with its rich past still present in the Drottningholm Palace, Ekebyov castle, and medieval churches. Architecture is faced with a great challenge: to develop the municipality and accommodate new residents, all the while preserving the environment and character. An example of architects endeavoring to address these matters is MVRDV, who are trying to invent a new kind of urban development. They draw inspiration from the slums of Caracas, to make a new neighbourhood in Liuzhou, China. They are trying to create a city without impacting the natural landscape. The same goals apply to Ekerö; architecture has to protect all of the qualities of the city, while continuing to grow. This is the vernacular of architecture. QUALITIES OF SWEDISH SUBURBIA The Million Programme suburbs still often carry a negative stigma. The term ‘Million Programme’ is nearly synonymous with decay, a lack of safety, and perceived social marginalization.

News of violence and immigrant riots are not uncommon, with occupants of these suburbs revolting against the living conditions, injustice, and overall lack of acknowledgment and aid from the mainstream society. The problem is circulatory, as generally, when the government steps in to improve the living standards of the residents through social programs, those who manage to find a better opportunity or job immediately move out, to be immediately replaced. Thus the end result is still that of the suburbs being considered as the housing for the immigrants and poorest groups of Sweden; a place where society is perceived as unsupportive and prospects for the future are disappointing. The prospects that this type of housing could ever be considered appealing again is bleak. Finding a solution to this problem is one of the most important challenges for urban planners in Stockholm today. In Ekerö, we see examples of more successful Million Programme neighborhoods. As opposed to massive, brutalist, concrete apartment buildings, Ekerö is characterized by communities of single family houses. The original goals of the Million Homes Programme are clearly visible in the architecture and planning of these communities: that everyone should be given opportunities to live in good dwellings at feasible costs and in a stimulating and safe environment, and that the living and building environments should contribute to equal and dignified living conditions and, in particular, support good growth for children and youth. As a matter of fact, the extent to which these principles have been visualized in the architecture of Ekerö is so great, that simply strolling through the streets brings to mind Levittown, the original suburb in New York. Each home is nearly identical, differentiated only by color and perhaps orientation. This sense is not limited just to Million Programme neighborhoods. Modern and recently developed communities in Ekerö are abundant in luxurious but nonetheless catalog houses. There is a very strong sense of equality and social uniformity preserved in the planning of these suburbs (for both financial and social reasons). As stated above, any significant changes are unwelcome by the majority of residents. This poses a challenge for Ekerö, searching for a balance between some type of inevitable expansion and the consideration that must be given to those that are already living there, not wishing for considerable change.

11. EKERÖ

REFERENCES The Swedish Suburbs as Myth and Reality by Pal Castell of Chalmers University of Technology Concrete Jungle: Sweden’s Suburbs Become Cool by Christine Demsteader if www.theloval.se Sweden Shaken as Riots Continue in Immigrant Suburbs by Jenny Collins, Jabeen Bhatti and Carolina Jemsby of USA Today The architecture of Ralph Erskine by Peter Davey, Olof Hultin Stockholms Läns Landsting www.sll.se Trafikverket www.trafikverket.se Ekerö Municipality www.ekero.se Ekerös översiktsplan http://ekero.se/Bygga_bo_miljo/Kommunensplanarbete/Oversiktsplan/ Ekerö befolkningsprognos http://www.ekero.se/Kommun_och_politik/ Kommunfakta/Befolkning/ en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekerö de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birka sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drottningholms_slott

UPPLANDS VÄSBY Slogan: Där färgstarka människor möts / Where colorful people meet

Year Established: 1952 Total Area: 83,81 km² Population Growth Rate: 1,3%

Population: 41173 Birth rates: 10.8 CBR

Population Density: Death Rate:

548,32/km2 6.3 CBR

Local Tax Rate: 31.28 %

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Existing buildings and built-up areas Total building area : 2 km² Housing Types, units Single Family Houses: 5.548 Apartments (ownership): 5.701 Apartments (rent): 6.553 Commercial Properties, area Industrial Estates: 357.000 m² Existing or past iconic/postcard architectural/urban projects (does not have to been built): Messingen Scandic Infra City Väsbyhem Office (Centralvägen 1) Postmodern Appartments (Centralvägen 5)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Planned Development Areas: Housing Types, units Single Family Houses: 2.841 Apartments (ownership): 3.871 Apartments (rent): 804 Commercial Properties, area Total: 112.300 m2 Proposed Iconic/postcard urbanism projects Väsby Entre Väsby Sjöstad Monorail

Team: Joris Burger, Gabriel Johannesson, Matilda Schuman, Fredrik Ehn, Andreas Nyström, Julia Falås, Tore Lindholm, Jakob Valentin

20. UPPLANDS VÄSBY

UPPLANDS VÄSBY TODAY

Scale 1:70 000

20. UPPLANDS VÄSBY

UPPLANDS VÄSBY PLANNED DEVELOPMENTS

1 4

Scale 1:70 000

1 2 3 4 5

Future trainstation / Zaha Hadid project Väsby Sjöstad Östra Fredstaby Eds Allé Vasby Labs / Kv Fyrklövern

Commercial / infrastructural development areas Residential development areas Mixed Residential and commercial development areas

1 UPPLANDS VÄSBY 20. 2 3 4 5

DEVELOPMENTS

1 2 3 4 5

20. UPPLANDS VÄSBY

TIMELINE

75 P

op u la

Bu sin tio

84 0

ess

cen ter

Inf ra C

ity

1972

20 Go 00 ve r n of Po an ce: we r

Sh ift

Mo Pop u de rat latio ern n: 25 a 84 0

Me ssi ng en

Po p Za ulat ha io H a n 60 did 0 sta 00+ tio n& to w er

Väsby Centrum

1960s-1973

construction of large amounts of multifamily houseing

1960 Population: 5030

Governance:

Socialdemokraterna

Construction of: Large amount of single family houseing. Smaller scale appartmentbuildings.

1952

Creation of Upplands Väsby municipallity

1903

VÄSBY

First large industry

1865

Train station is built

Governance: Vikings

400 A.D.

Vikings - Hill forts, Grave hills & Stone formations

600 B.C.

First signs of human activity. Society by the sea.

History History First signs of human activity in Upplands Väsby date back to about 600 to 700 B.C. At this point in time, Upplands Väsby was located next to the sea. The main resources came from the sea and the main source of food came from fishing and hunting for seals and seabirds. Foreign coins have been found in many parts of Upplands Väsby, which indicates that global trading might have taken place here. Hill forts and ancient burial sites in forms of grave piles, stone formations and hills can be found all over Upplands Väsby. One of the most famous stone formations in Sweden is the 56 meters long ship-shaped formation located at Runsa, in the northwestern outskirts of Upplands Väsby. This ancient formation dates back to the 4th century A.D. The railroad between Stockholm and Uppsala was built from 1863 to 1866. The station at Upplands Väsby was built in 1865 and next to this station grew a small village. In the beginning of the 1900s Upplands Väsby was just a small village surrounding the station. One man, Anton Tamm, owned all the land. In 1903, Tamm built the first large industry. It was the Väsby Werkstäder, a part of the large company of Optimus where Tamm was the head director. Väsby Werkstäder produced copper and brass piping; this will later give the area east of the tracks its name Mässingen, which is the Swedish word for “the brass”. In 1952 the decision was made to combine the three parishes of Ed, Fresta and Hammarby and the municipality of Upplands Väsby arose. The name came from the railroad station that had the name Upplands Väsby. The final form of the municipality weapon was presented in 1961. The church in the middle represents the three churches of Ed, Fresta and Hammarby parishes. The cogwheels represent its industrial heritage.

20. UPPLANDS VÄSBY

THE ESSENCE OF VÄSBY

20. UPPLANDS VÄSBY

DEMOGRAPHICS Population 45000

Population (inhabitants)

40000 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 1968

1973

1978

1983

1988 Upplands väsby

Ethnic division

1993

1998

Age

12%

Native born with both a native- and a foreign-born parent (10%) Native born with two native-born parents 25% (57%) Native born with two foreign-born parents (8%)

10%

29%

9% (25%) Foreign-born 25% 12% 10%a native- and a Native born with both

foreign-born parent (10%) 5% Native born with two native-born parents 29% (57%) 7% Native born with two foreign-born parents (8%)

0-6 years

10%

Foreign-born (25%)

57%

25%

12%

2008

8% 25%

2003

7-15 year

16-19 yea

20-24 yea

0-6 years (9%)

65-79 yea

16-19 years (5%)

80+ years

20-24 years (7%) 0-6 years (9%)

25-44 years (28%)

7-15 years (10%)

45-64 years (25%)

16-19 years (5%)

65-79 years (12%)

20-24 years (7%)

80+ years (3%)

25-44 years (28%) 45-64 years (25%) 65-79 years (12%)

29%

80+ years (3%)

90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 1970

1973

Moderaterna

1976

1979

Kristdemokraterna

1982 Folkpartiet

1985

1988

Centerpartiet

1991

1994

Miljöpartiet

1998

45-64 yea

7-15 years (10%)

Political preference [division of seats, smaller, non-significant parties are left out] 100%

25-44 yea

2002

Socialdemokraterna

2006

2010

Vänsterpartiet

20. UPPLANDS VÄSBY Population growth 35 30 Population growth (%)

25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 1968-1971

1973-1976

1978-1981

1983-1986

Sweden

1988-1991

Upplands väsby

1993-1996

1998-2001

2003-2006

2008-2011

Stockholm

Higher education [persons who studied for at least 3 years after high school, aged 20-65] Percentage of hgiher educated (%)

40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995 Sweden

1997

1999

2001

Stockholm

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

Upplands Väsby

Income [average income for persons above 20 years] 330000

Average income (SEK)

310000 290000 270000 250000 230000 210000 190000 170000 1999

2000

2001

2002

2003 Upplands Väsby

2004

2005 Stockholm

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Sweden

Unemployment rate [for persons aged 20-65] Percentage of unemployed (%)

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2008

2009 Upplands Väsby

2010 Stockholm

2011 Sweden

2012

20. UPPLANDS VÄSBY

Airplane flightpaths

Suggestion 1

The aircraft noise generated by the traffic to Arlanda is at times very noticeable in Upplands Väsby, which is located only 10 kilometers from the airport. This means that the airplanes sometimes fly over the central area as low as 600 meters and thus generate noise above the legal limit of noise for housing areas (70 db). The approaching flight paths over Upplands Väsby are currently under discussion and different flight paths are being suggested, all of which would mean that the airplanes would have to curve their path to the landing strip and thereby possibly halting the capacity of Arlanda as Sweden’s main airport.

Current flight path Suggestion 2

1 UPPLANDS VÄSBY KOMMUN 2 SIEMENS AKTIEBOLAG 3 KRAFT FOODS SVERIGE PRODUCTION AB 4 STOCKHOLMS LÄNS LANDSTING 5 FÖRENADE CARE AB 6 ÖHLINS RACING AKTIEBOLAG 7 KRAFT FOODS SVERIGE AB 8 CEDERROTH AB 9 MAGNETICA EDUCATION AB 10 SKANSKA MASKIN AKTIEBOLAG The aircraft noise generatedAB by the traffic to Arlanda is at times very noticeable in 11 TNT SVERIGE Upplands Väsby, which is located only 10SERVICES kilometers from the airport. This means 12 KRAFT FOODS EUROPE GMBH SCHWEIZ - SVENSK FILIAL that the sometimes fly AKTIEBOLAG over the central area as low as 600 meters and 13 airplanes SCANDIC HOTELS thereby noiseFÖRSKOLOR above the legal limit 14 generating NORLANDIA AB of noise for housing areas of 70 db. The approaching paths over 15 VISMA flight SERVICES ABUpplands Väsby are currently under discussion and different flight paths are being suggested, all of which would mean that the airplanes would have to curve their path to the landing strip and thereby possibly halting the capacity of Arlanda as Sweden’s main airport.

14,051 3,657 1,732 1,732 1,732 1,732 1,347 1,347 1,347 0,962 0,962 0,962 0,962 0,962 0,962

0,14051% 0,03657% 0,01732% 0,01732% 0,01732% 0,01732% 0,01347% 0,01347% 0,01347% 0,00962% 0,00962% 0,00962% 0,00962% 0,00962% 0,00962%

Largest employers in Upplands Väsby 2012 Largest employers in Upplands Väsby As percentage of total number of employed in the municipality. Source: SCB UPPLANDS VÄSBY KOMMUN

14%

SIEMENS AKTIEBOLAG

3,7%

KRAFT FOODS SVERIGE PRODUC TIONS AB

1,7%

STOC KHOLMS LÄNS LANDSTING

1,7%

FÖRENADE C ARE AB

1,7%

ÖHLINS RAC ING AKTIEBOLAG

1,7%

KRAFT FOODS SVERIGE AB

1,3%

C EDERROTH AB

1,3%

MAGNETIC A EDUC ATION AB

1,3%

SKANSKA MASKIN AKTIEBOLAG

TNT SVERGIE AB

KRAFT FOODS EUROPE SERVIC ES GMBH SC HWEIZ - SVENSK FILIAL

SC ANDIC HOTELS AKTIEBOLAG

NORLANDIA FÖRSKOLOR AB

VISMA SERVIC ES AB

0,00000%

0,05000%

0,10000%

0,15000%

Sheet1

20. UPPLANDS VÄSBY

UPPLANDS VÄSBY

PRECURSOR AND INNOVATOR IN URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND CIVIC PARTICIPATION The municipality of Upplands Väsby seems to live up to at least one of its catchwords “Väsby dares and do”. Considering the rather small size (it’s the 27th largest urban area in Sweden with 41.000 inhabitants) it has far more ongoing projects than other municipalities according to Anne-Sofie Arbegard who works as a land- and exploitation engineer at the Urban Development Office in the municipality. We talked to her and the municipal manager Björn Eklundh an early morning in the newly finished multifunctional building “Messingen”. With only one day foresight we got invited to meet Arbegard, Eklundh and Gösta Norén (head of Growth and Development Office) to get a presentation of Messingen, present project and how they work with urban development in the municipality. It’s rather clear that communication is an important part of their work. The manager, who seems pretty comfortable in promoting “his” municipality, eloquently presented a well-prepared slide show. The most important project of today is of course the new stations area, Väsby Entré (Väsby Entrance), with a proposal by Zaha Hadid Architects. The project has given the municipality a great amount of (positive) publicity since it was presented in October 2012. The architecture magazine Arkitektur compared the municipality with Malmö and describes the municipality as “cocky” and also mentions the different tools it uses to gain more civic participation, especially Väsby LABS. This project, Eklundh says, intends to do what the political parties did earlier internally when they had a lot of members, namely speak to the inhabitants. Now, when there is almost no members left, these kind of tools are very important if you want to build the urban context together with the citizens. The most important thing with civic participation though, is that you decrease the risk of appeals, he continue. Personal engagement is important for progress. And in Upplands Väsby, there’s been many strong politicians and developers over the years. We (the municipality) have to precede if we want the society to change Björn Eklundh says . It’s important to push the limits and be imaginative to get things to happen. Don’t start by looking at the rules, but ask your self what you want to achieve he continues and also tells us that the municipality has a long tradition of participating in different national and international forums to get attention to the municipalitys work with city planning and urban development, such as MIPIM and Almedalen. The municipality is also owner of a public housing company “Väsbyhem” that owns and manages approximately 4,400 apartments and about 30,500 square meters of commercial spaces in Upplands Väsby. We get the impression that the municipality uses their housing company in a very active way as a starter to take the first steps of new expansion areas, as the Gösta Norén puts into words: “If we have a public housing company and they don't build, why should we have them at all?” In the recent planned expansion “Eds Allé”, the municipality let VäsbyHem build the first steps of the expansion: the planned apartment buildings along the main road through the new neighborhood to create a better opportunity for the private investors and company to continue the development.

20. UPPLANDS VÄSBY The BO 85 Housing Exhibition You might ask yourself where this good confidence comes from. A brief look in the rear view mirror could give us the answer. In 1952 the municipality Upplands Väby was formed from a fusion of three smaller municipalities. All of them had a master plan of their own with land reservations for a new urban city centre. During the 1950’s these three plans were followed at the same time and it wasn’t until the mid 1960’s that one unified master plan could be determined. The architect and brain behind the plan, Jöran Curman, proposed the area by the train station as the new city centre, but in the end it was located to the area today known as Fyrklövern. Thus all attempt to create urbanity around the railway station were dissolved. In 1948, VäsbyHem was formed. In a short period of time it became an influent part in the urban development. It was a pioneer in Sweden when service facilities were introduced adjacent to the housing. Both the Chairman, Eivor Springe, and the CEO of VäsbyHem, Kewe Glemne, played important roles when it was decided by the government that Upplands Väsby was going to host the first Housing expo in Sweden since the great Stockholm exhibition in 1930. BO 85 was a success, receiving some 200,000 visitors during four weeks in the summer of 1985. Both Swedish and foreign politicians, developers and people in general came to Upplands Väsby for this event and more than 500 new dwellings were shown. The major part of these were apartments (rental and condominiums) but 20 or more were single family houses. Almost all of them are still in use. On of the things in the exhibition that got many visitors attention was the open plan between kitchen and living room in some apartments. The Swedish model proclaims a small (working) kitchen for one person. During the first part of the 20th century a various number of investigations were made to find out the perfect measurements and number of cabins etc needed in a (Swedish) kitchen. But in 1985 the society had changed quite a bit; women were now working in the same way as men and the society was more equal than ever. A kitchen connected with the rest of the apartment with room for at least two adults was what many people longed for. The traditions and social structure was about to change and architects took that into their design.

The brief goals of the BO 85 Housing Exhibition were to: - Demonstrate Swedish attainments in the housing sector to the Swedish public and visitors from abroad - Stimulate and widen the debate on the social and physical environment og housing areas - Encourage increased tenant participation in housing management and the integration of community services in housing areas - Stimulate production and technical developments and encourage improvements to the indoor and outdoor environments of housing areas - Encourage developments in energy provision and conservation in housing areas, and finally to - Enable a wide section of the public to study new housing areas The overriding theme for the BO 85 Housing Exhibition was “Building for Community” By looking back we can also find that the words of Björn Eklundh aren’t new for the municipality. They can be attributed to the social democratic councillor Jimmy Björk as his describes the political ambition in municipality as a wish to put the individual citizen in focus. In the catalogue for the exhibition in 1985 he formulate the following questions: “What do people need? What do people want? How should dwellings and local environments be formed? What service is needed? How can the individual citizen affect?” These questions are still highly relevant and almost the same can be found in the Väsby LABS project.

20. UPPLANDS VÄSBY Väsby Labs Väsby Labs is a project initiated by the municipality of Upplands Väsby that has a different approach to urban planning and that wishes to encourage new constellations of builders, innovators, urban planers, citizens, politicians and business owners. The project aims to do this by uniting these different private and public operators early on in the planning process. “The starting point of the Väsby Labs project are to make politics, business, social services and inhabitants collaborate much earlier than before and in new ways that challenge the existing structures and conventional ways of urban planning” The main geographical focus is on the center of Väsby and specifically the area Fyrklövern although the municipality has expressed their hopes of this becoming a viable business model for urban planning in the rest of Sweden but also in other similar areas internationally. The neighborhood of Fyrklövern was built in the 1970’s and reflects the ideals of that time very well in the sense that it works very much like a complete unit. With ten blue high-rise buildings with schools, businesses, healthcare, parks and parking all within the area and with everything in it’s fixed place. The Väsby Labs project can be seen as a response from the municipality to the changing demands and challenges of society to day. The project has worked on getting all theses different stakeholders together by for example staging different interactive experiments on the large gravel covered field right outside the mall in the center of the neighborhood, which acts as the base of operations for the project. One of these experiments included printing a large satellite photo of the area and allowing people, but mainly younger students, to arrange and rearrange wooden blocks to make up different buildings and spaces. Alongside with these kinds of more experimental installations there has also been international architects involvement as well as other activities meant to encourage a different approach to the problems of urban planning. All the ideas and projects that emanates from these activities are then gathered in the online portfolio where a number of briefs are presented, for example “Can smaller apartments bring bigger opportunities?” or “What could the suburb learn from the inner city?”. All these briefs make out the core of the project and are supposed inspire investors, find new driving forces and to give the public more opportunities to influence what’s going on in their area in a more constructive way then the usual town hall meeting kind of interaction between the municipality and the public. This is meant to be a more organic way of working The goal is to build 1200 new homes in the area, Fyrklövern, as well as schools, restaurants and services to breath new life into the area by creating a more varying environment and thus attracting new people to the area but also to create an environment better suiting the needs of current inhabitants. Specifically this could for example mean building more small apartments to the area more attractive for students etc. Two years after the project started, the Swedish Architectural Magazine “Arkitektur” recognizes the effect of the project and writes on their webpage: “The interest in urban planning has increased significantly in Upplands Väsby, which is an effect of Väsby Lab started two years ago.”

20. UPPLANDS VÄSBY

Case #1 Väsby Entré One of the main projects ahead in the municipality is the development of the new station area. The strategic vision is, according to the municipalities glossy broschures, to create a platform for business, education and culture and the internationally well known architect Zaha Hadid Architects was invited to make a proposal for the new station area. How could this happen? In the small municipality in the outskirts of Stockholm? Let's take a deeper look. In 2011 a bunch of contractors proposed to the municipality that they wanted to build housing in the station area and the same year a new project group was founded by the municipality and the newly employed Anne-Sophie Arbegaard was appointed as the project leader. The task for the project was to investigate how a new station area could work and looks like. It was important that the station area should work as a meeting point for the citizens with shops in the ground floors of the building and a dense ”city-like” feeling. In 2011 a pre-study was initiated, but the task for the pre-study was only set to investigate new developments of housing on the west side of the railway tracks. In 2012 the municipality expanded the task for the pre-study and also included the east side of the railway tracks and the project grew bigger. In 2013 they started to form guidelines for the projects and to initiate the work with the planning program, which means that there is still a long way to go before it's time to realize the project. Since 2011 different architects have been involved in the pre-studies and the municipality also got a lot of input from their citiziens through a series of participation workshops. Anne-Sophie Arbegard tells us that they did both arrange traditional open meetings, where everyone that are interested can come and participate, but also tried to find out new ways of connecting to their citizens. To reach out to the citizens that Anne-Sohpie means is the hardest ones to reach, the parents of small children, people from the city planning office went to the local indoor swimming pool to have a quick chat with the parents when they walked to and from the pool. The city planning office also arranged a whole day with the first year students at the local gymnasium to hear their opinions and future visions for their home town. According to the municipalitys own website, the residents in Upplands Väsby thinks that the citizens is allowed to be the involved in the development of the municipality to a large extent. This was demonstrated in the study “Kommuners kvalitet i korthet” in which 130 municipalities participated. Since the dialogues with the citizens demanded something bold and different, Anne-Sophie consulted the city planning office director Fredrik Drotte about how she would do to meet the demand of the citizens. He proposed that she should get in contact Zaha Hadid Architects, because of their special artistic ambition. Anne-Sophie says that he said it almost as a joke because no one of them believed that the office would take up their request. Two days later the office replied that they would like to participate in the project and the work began.

20. UPPLANDS VÄSBY The commission that the municipality gave to Zaha Hadid Architects was composed by some different tasks: - To create a landmark - To give the station area a clear and unique identity - To give the project an artistic expression - To propose a new bus terminal, a passage over the railway, a noise barrier and a public place Zaha Hadid Architects invoiced 2,1 million SEK for the project and Anne-Sophie means that it is a reasonable sum for the work that has been done and that a Swedish company would have invoiced just as much, but with a lower architectural ambition and less developed research. Since it's not allowed for a municipality to procure just one selected firm for a job in Sweden, (according to the Law of Public Procurement - Lagen om offentlig upphandling/LOU) Anne-Sophie was prepared for the discussion that later took place. The municipality chose namely to sign a contract directly with Zaha Hadid, meaning that no other architect's office had the opportunity to bid for the commission. Because of the fact that they hired Zaha Hadid Architects for their special artistic expression, the municipality lawyers found that is would be possible to do so legally – but they all knew that it would cause a debate. Experts points to decided cases in the Supreme Administrative Court, which shows that it is very difficult to find support for exceptions in LOU for artistic reasons and the critics means that architecture is not art in legal terms. According to the experts, the exemption should be seen as an opportunity for a municipality to let a local artist make a decoration or a museum to purchase a specific painting. So – is Zaha Hadid's vision gonna be realized? Anne-Sophie says that you can never be sure about anything in these kinds of city planning processes and that she is satisfied if only a part or at least something of the vision is realized, where she mentions the bus terminal traditionally built by NCC as an example. The estimated total sum of the project is calculated to 1010 million SEK and Anne-Sophie explains that its a cost that the municipality is incapable of bearing on their own, so they really need to find co-financers. Some co-financers are already engaged in the project: the contractors that first proposed the project for the municipality and Zaha Hadid Architects made a short movie of the proposal, which the municipality use as often as they can when they attend different events and forums to try to attract new co-financers. But as Ann-Sophie expressed in the article “Ta i från tårna” the project already had some success. “-Zaha Hadid Architects proposal will be processed in the next planning stage. But in some sense, we can already say that by asking her we have already put Väsby on the map. We have already received a lot of attention, she says. " So even if the project never will be realized in the way that the visionary proposal by Zaha Hadid Architects looks like, the general publics imagined picture of Upplands Väsby has changed and Anne-Sophie delighted tell us that people that before this project didn't even now if Upplands Väsby was south or north of Stockholm now is interested and engaged in the future of the municipality.

20. UPPLANDS VÄSBY

VISIONS OF VÄSBY 2040 1 2 3 4 5

63 000 Väsby bor har rätt / 63.000 Väsby residents are right Ett lärande Väsby / A learning Väsby Väsby ligger rätt / Väsby is placed right Väsby vågar och gör / Väsby dares and does Väsby tänker längre / Väsby thinks further

The last years the municipality has been working with shaping their visions for the future and put them to words. Its clear that Upplands Vasby wants to communicate that they are an energetic and progressive municipality. They want to be attractive to a wide range of people and attract more residents – in 27 years they are planning to grow with about 20.000 more residents. Upplands Väsby promotes in the Vision 2040 they always strive to be unconventional and embrace new ideas. How is this reflected in the city planning of today? We got the opportunity to talk to Fredrik Drotte, head over the planning department in the municipality. How do you work with realizing the visions of “Vision 2040” in terms of city planning? FD: The “Vision 2040” is a very fresh document and today we just had a meeting where we talked about changing the way we work with master plans. That document is a very important tool because it's one of the best ways to work strategically. Of course we have to divide the visions and break it in to smaller parts to make it possible to work with, but a lot of the words in the vision has a direct connection to our work with shaping the city. But we also want to work with a wider perspective, what our environment has to do with the society more generally. We want to use city planning as a lever for creating other values, such as security, ecology and social factors. It's easy to see the physical aspects – such as visual connections and public ground floors – but the social economical profits of good city planning is harder to vision and to talk about. In the vision you can also read that “In Väsby there is a strong tradition of doing the unconventional. We brace new ideas and try new ways” How does that reflect in city planning? And where does that spirit come from? FD: I think that it is a tradition that was founded with BO85, its much easier for us to carry on working with questions of innovation since the culture and tradition is so strong. In our municipality there's a lot of freedom to talk about innovation and new ways of doing things and the politics also find that important. If we image that Upplands Väsby had been another municipality, such as Vallentuna, with a lot of high-income earners and everyone is happy living there, then there is no need to have political courage and to try new ways of doing things. Even though we don't have the same problems today that spirit is still present. Is there a difference in working in the municipality when the political governance changes? FD: It’s hard to make a general comparison but just before I started working here in Upplands Väsby, the political governance changed from the Social Democratic governance to the center-right coalition and I can definitely see some of the changes. This meant that they started with a strong mission: to privatize and dissolve unwanted structures in the society. One example is that before that time Upplands Väsby had over 50 percent rental apartments and almost all of them were placed in the central parts which created a problematic socioeconomic structure. So a big mission for the politics was to dissolve this pattern, and of course this changed the conditions for the city planning. Now we have almost a third of every form of tenure, and that’s something we welcome because it means that we now have a better mixture and composition of ages, ethnicity, income and so on. How do you secure high quality in the architectural and city planning projects in your municipality? What tools are you using? FD: I believe strongly that you have collaborate much earlier in the process. All the technical aspects, the engineers and the builders need to understand the visions and the planners need to keep their feet on the ground. In our industry there’s a schism between the architects and planners on one side and the engineers and surveyors on the other side. If everyone is collaborating much earlier we get a deeper understanding of each others problems and opportunities. And it’s also important that everyone understands that if we don’t invest in qualities, there will be consequences. We also have all the concrete planning methods, all the plans and the development agreements. But I have to say that it’s very hard to demand any ”soft values” in the plans and if someone wants to do a bad project in terms of architectural quality – it is possible. I think the solution to that is to engage the politics much more, but of course they need help to be able to understand architecture and have a lot of experts to assist them. Some architects think that it’s their task to determine what good quality is, but I think that’s wrong. If we compare to other areas where the municipality is responsible, let’s say the health care, of course the politicians are not experts in all areas but why shouldn’t architecture also be decided by representative democracy as everything else?

20. UPPLANDS VÄSBY

And at last, what do you see as Upplands Väsbys biggest future challenge? FD: We have to shorten to the distances, which you can interpret in a lot of different ways. If we come closer to each other we save green areas and we create possibilities that is impossible otherwise, just to mention two examples. Some people believes that cities creates poverty but the researchers mean that it’s the other way around, the city attracts poor people because in the city you find more opportunities to change your situation – just because of the density. That’s why it’s important that we, in all possible ways, work with density.

HANINGE Slogan: Inte bara skärgård. Not just the archipelago.

Year Established: 1971 Total Area: 2,173.66 km² Population Growth Rate: 1.4%

Population: 79 730 Birth rates: 1.2%

Population Density: Death Rate:

36,68 0.6%

Local Tax Rate: 19,78 % Urban Centres: Handen, Vendelsö, Brandbergen, Norrby, Vendelsömalm, Vega, Dalarö, Jordbro, Muskö, Väländan, Västerhaninge. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Existing buildings and built-up areas Total building area : No numbers are available Housing Types, units + area Single Family Houses: 14.043 / 1.382.737 m² Apartments (ownership): 10.451 / 670.452 m² Apartments (rent): 8.949 / 755.151 m² Other: 0 / 0 m² Commercial Properties, area Malls: 27.000 m² Offices: No numbers are available. Other: No numbers are available. Industrial Estates: No numbers are available. Types of major businesses Manufacturing and extracting, health care and social services, trading, education, construction works. Existing or past iconic/postcard architectural/urban projects Muskö Military Marine Base. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Planned Development Areas Brandbergen, Gudö, Handen, Hållsätra, Högdalen, Jordbro, Krigslida, Kolartorp, Vega, Vendelsö, Vendelsöhamn, Västerhaninge, Tungelsta. Housing Types, units + area Housing (in apartment buildings or in single family housing) : 5.485 / n.a. m² Other: Plans for new schools and elderly homes. Commercial Properties, area Malls: No numbers are available. Offices: No numbers are available. Other: No numbers are available. Industrial Estates: 15.300 m² in Kvarntorp and more are currently being planned.

Types of planned other major businesses: Strong will to create good conditions for new businesses and existing. Proposed Iconic/postcard urbanism projects: Hobbit Village at Muskö. Team: Jonatan Ahlmark, Kennet Crisan, Beatriz Gomes de Almeida, Gabriella Karlén, Katla Maríudóttir, André Prusic, Alexia Staaf, Erik Wikström.

04. HANINGE Haninge today

VENDELSÖ

HANDEN

DALARÖ JORDBRO

VÄSTERHANINGE

TUNGELSTA GÅLÖ ORNÖ ÖSTNORA

MUSKÖ

UTÖ

Green areas are the forest areas of Haninge. Orange areas are open ground. Blue areas are areas with low density neighborhoods. Red areas are neighborhoods with relatively high density. Pink areas are summerhouse areas. The purple areas are the industry areas of Haninge. Yellow areas are agricultural areas. Gray areas is sea and lakes.

04. HANINGE Haninge today

Low High Summer

About Haninge Haninge Municipality is a municipality in Stockholm County in the east central Sweden. Its seat is located in Handen, a part of the Stockholm urban area. Haninge Municipality was formed in 1971 when Västerhaninge and Österhaninge were united.

natural, urban and rural, as well as a stunning archipelago. Haninge is characterized by diversity and is a meeting place for people. Everyone is welcome in Haninge. Here are all of equal value, rights and duties essential. Every individual has the right to respect for their person, their choices and their feelings.

Geography Haninge cherishes its nature and the southern parts of the scenic Stockholm archipelago. There are over 3,600 islands, islets and skerries belonging to the municipality, with the three largest islands being Utö, Ornö and Muskö. A car tunnel, the longest in Sweden, connects Muskö to the mainland. The other two of the islands are reached with passenger and car ferries.

In Haninge is something for everyone. Here, implemented ideas and interests are created. Here are skilled entrepreneurs and successful businesses, a rich association- and cultural life, attractive living environments and neighborhoods. Choice affirmed and people, young and old, feel responsibility and takes participation in the society.

The history of Haninge Haninge has a very rich cultural history. Rune stones and ancient castles are a natural part of the landscape, as well as the grand Jordbro burial ground. You’ll also find beautiful 1600-century castles, including Häringe and Årsta, located in a beautiful landscape. Where does the name Haninge comes from? One theory is that it relates to Hanveden, the forested mountain area spanning from Södertörn and where there are plenty of capercaillie and Blackcocks (males). Vision and our target areas Haninge Municipality Vision In Haninge everyone feels safe and proud to live and work. Here is a rich

Municipal activities and service are of high quality and are developed in dialogue with the residents. In Haninge our biodiversity and our common resources are beeing protected . Haninge is characterized by a long-term ecological, social and economic sustainability. As part of the growing Stockholm Region, Haninge has emerged as a regional center. It’s easy to start, operate and expand businesses, which provide jobs, opportunities and prospects for the growing population. Our target areas The municipality aims to be an ecologically, socially and economically sustainable community. Council’s objectives are divided into three areas based on these perspectives. The targets are monitored in interim and annual reports.

Centrala regionkärnan

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Räfsnäs

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Stavsnäs

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STOCKHOLM

Haninge 2030 Stuvsta !(

Rimbo

Ingarö

04. HANINGE Högdalen

Norrtälje

Skedviken

Hammarby

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VÄRMDÖ

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Ormsta Sofielund

Haninge centrum

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UPPLANDS VÄSBY

Upplands Väsby !(J

ÖSTERÅKER

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Muskö Bollmora

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Magelungen

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Urban structure Bebyggelsestruktur Regional core Regional stadskärna Regional urban area with development potential Regional stadsbygd med utvecklingspotential Other regional urban area Övrig regional stadsbygd Green and blue structure Grön- och blåstruktur Green asset core Grön värdekärna Green wedge Grön kil Large collective recreational, natural and cultural assets Stora samlade rekreations- natur- och kulturvärden Weak green link Grönt svagt samband Water protect area, proposed and existing, respectively Vattenskyddsområde, föreslaget respektive befintligt Countryside, archipelago and other land Landsbygd, skärgård och övrig mark Rural, archipelago and other land Landsbygd, skärgård och övrig mark Core islands Kärnöar Archipelago transport hub Replipunkt

Dalarö

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Krigslida

Nynäshamns Tungelsta !( färjehamn

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Flemingsberg !(J

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Gällnö

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Stadsgårdskajen R Henriksdal

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Trinntorp

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Ornö

Terminals and facilities Terminaler och anläggningar Area for terminals and facilities Område för terminaler och anläggningar

Segersäng !(J Sorunda

New Existing

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E A V R

NYNÄSHAMN

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Stora Vika

New/renovated

Utö

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Nynäshamns färjehamn

Nynäshamn

Reserve

Port Hamn Airport Flygplats Terminal Terminal Energy plant Energianläggning Waste treatment plant Avfallsanläggning Waterworks Vattenverk Sewage treatment plant Reningsverk

Spårnät

Existing Ny/upprustad Befintlig

Norvik Nynäs Refining

Reservat

20 Km

Railway Järnväg Metro Tunnelbana Tramway/suburban rail line Spårväg/förortsbana Railway, metro, tramway/suburban rail line Järnväg, tunnelbana, spårväg/förortsbana Ostlänken - ‘the Eastern Link’ Ostlänken Stretch and mode of transport unclear Sträckning och trafikslag ej klarlagt Proposed future extension Föreslagen framtida förlängning

Road network Vägnät Existing

New/renovated Reserve

Waterways

New/renovated

Torö

Other

Ny/upprustad Befintlig

Road

Reservat

Farleder Existing

Road

Ny/upprustad Befintlig

Övrigt !(J

0 5 20 Km Land use map – Stockholm County 203010– Regional15development plan for the Stockholm region,

Befintlig

Muskö

Torö

Waterway

Väg Väg

Farled

Existing peripheral development Befintlig bebyggelse utanför bebyggelsestruktur Station location railway/commuter train Stationsläge järnväg/pendeltåg County border Länsgräns Municipal border Kommungräns

04. HANINGE Politics

THE RESULTS 2010 ELECTIONS RIKSDAGEN SWEDEN

THE RESULTS 2010 ELECTIONS RIKSDAGEN STOCKHOLM COUNTY

THE RESULTS 2010 ELECTIONS RIKSDAGEN HANINGE

THE POLITICS Haninge is divided into two electoral districts, North and South. The political map has changed in the las 40 years, the socialdemocrats had lost their majority for the Moderat party and the other center-right parties. The diminished mandates of Center party shows how the society has changed in Haninge and the hole country.

MANDATE DISTRIBUTION IN THE LOCAL ELECTIONS 1970-2010

THE STRONGEST BLUE AND RED ELECTORAL AREAS

04. HANINGE Nature

National park Nature reserve Protected nature in Haninge.

04. HANINGE Nature

Nature in Haninge In Haninge you can find 20 nature reserves, 18 of wich are drawn up by the County Council and two by the municipality. Nearly 37,000 acres in Haning are protected by being nature reserves and approximately 2/3 of this is water. Nature reserves are the most common of all forms of protection off nature in Sweden. A large part of the Stockholm archipelago is located in Haninge and many of its islands are being protected. Haninge is also the home to Tyresta national park. The aim of the national park is to preserve a representative rift with extensive forests and valuable nature in general. Tyresta national park and nature reserve is one of the largest untouched forest parties in Sweden outside the mountains. National park: Tyresta Nature reserves: Fjärdlång, Gullringskärret, Gålö, Huvudholmen, Huvudskär, Häringe-Hammersta, Kolartorp, Lilla Husarna, Nåttarö, Rudan, Rånö, Sandemar, Skeppnan, Stora och lilla Sandböte, Stora Vindåsen, Sundby, Svartsjön, Tornberget, Utö, Ålö

04. HANINGE Housing

Sited in suburbia southern of Stockholm, Haninge it’s a municipality characterized for the multiple type of Housing, going from the summer houses in Dalaro till the more simple cooperative apartments. In fact in the different parishes of the municipality the discrepancy is so big that even exist areas with only residential villa, like Gudö, other areas closer to Handen are more densified and are characterized by the collective dwellings. It’s residencial area has been having a enormous growth since the 50’s from last century, and the tendancy it’s to keep growing. Since the 90’s the number of residential units grewfrom 27.500 till aproximatlly 33.500, and it is expected that in the year of 2030 it will be around the 45.000. Brandbergen

Inhabitants

Types

Brandbergen

10.355

Million Programme Some Single-family houses

Vendelsö/ Gudö

7.000

Houses; Summer houses Apartment blocs;

Years of Construction 60’s; 70’s

10’s, 20’s 70’s

Vandelsömalm

7.000

Single-family houses

Dalarövägen

2,657

Summer Houses

Jordbro

9.500

Million Programme Some Single-family houses

Between 50’s and the 70’s

Västerhaninge

10.065

Cooperative Apartments; Rental Apartments; Group houses Developments

40’s, 60’s and 80’s

Norrby

2.420

Detached houses; Town houses

Tungelsta

4.150

Apartment; Single-family housing

Vega

2.675

Houses; Group Housing

Vega

50’s, 60’s, 70’s 19th century

Jordvbrovägen

30’s 50’s, 80’s 40’s

Vasterhaninge

Vendelsö Norrby Vandelsömalm Brandbergen

Jordbro

Dalarö

Västerhaninge Muskö Tungelsta

On the graphic we can see the diferences between the type of dwelling in the different parishes of the municipality have. On the map different parishes of the municipality, you can see the density of housing, and the voids

Team: Jonatan Ahlmark, Kennet Calin Crisan, Beatriz Gomes de Almeida, Gabriella Karlén, Katla Maríudóttir, André Prusic, Alexia Staaf, Erik Wikström.

04. HANINGE

Housing, important architecture Dalarö skans Dalarö skans was built in the 15th century to protect the fairway outside of Dalarö. Today dalarö skans is a popular restaurant with visitors from all over the world.

Berga slott Berga castle, designed by Torben Grut (who also designed the Olympic Stadium in Stockholm) and built on behalf of Helge Ax: son Johnson from 1913 to 1915.

Dalarö tullhus Dalarövägen has been tullort from the 1600s until 1928. The customs house was built in 1788 and designed by Erik Palmstedt who also designed the Stockholm stock exchange building.

Måsknuv clocktower Måsknuven is a small islet in the fairway against Älvsnabben. The clock tower is one of two surviving in the country that are built for mist signaling.

Eva Bonniers summer house, Dalarö The house is designed by Ragnar Östberg the arkitekt behind Stockholms city hall. The house was finished in 1904 in a national romantic style.

Utö kvarn Utö windmill built in 1791 and was in use until 1921. The machinery is preserved. The mill is of Dutch type - all of the house can be turned in the appropriate direction to catch the wind.

Tungelsta church Tungelsta church designed by architect Rolf Berg and inaugurated in 1973. Church symbolism plays on Tungelstas long tradition of nurseries and growing of roses. The outer wall has a roseembossed and one of the two large oval windows is called Rose Window. Artist of the window and relief is Tore Bergh.

Haninge kulturhus The Culture house is designed by Thelaus / Michelsen and inaugurated in 2002.

04. HANINGE 04. HANINGE Infrastructure

Main Roads Väg 73, Nynäsvägen. The road connects Nynäshamn Stockholm through Haninge and Huddinge municipalities. The ever-increasing traffic, particularly heavy traffic, combined with the road at several places substandard design, it risk creating an increasing number of incidents and accidents. Current path is fraught with security flaws so it is very important position that ongoing planning and design process Väg 259, Haningeleden. The road connects Haninge E4 via Huddinge / Flemingsberg. In a region like Stockholm with communal housing and labor market, it is crucial to the region’s progress towards several urban centers to provide radial transport given the necessary capacity enhancements. Equally important is to develop good cross communications to get necessary dynamics. Väg 260, Gudöbroleden Gudöbroleden is one of Haninge’s most important roads as it partly serves as the main street for all traffic including cyclists between the municipality’s northern and central parts, and connects the municipality with Tyresö and further into Stockholm. The design of the (broad and straight) has led to the speeds become too high and a number of serious accidents have also occurred at level crossings along the way. Vägverket has started a project to reduce speed and improve traffic safety for vulnerable road users.

Väg 257, Tungelstavägen Is a two-lane main road that runs parallel to the railway line between Västerhaninge Tungelsta. The road is served by approx. 7000 vehicles / day and the proportion of heavy traffic is about 8%. In 2002 a new, separate pedestrian and bicycle path was built along the entire route. Speed is reduced to 30 km / h past Tungelsta School. Väg 556 - Stavsvägen The road is a narrow two-lane road that connects Tungelsta Krigslida and Suffering (via Stavby) the way 73. The road has a low standard, both in terms of width and tight curves. The road has no separate space for pedestrians and cyclists Väg 227, Dalarövägen Dalarövägen is a two-lane road with a need for widening at some places and improved intersections. Crossings with roads to Årsta Havsbad and on Gålö should be studied for improved mobility and traffic safety. The need for pedestrian and bicycle path along the entire stretch from Dalarö to Handen has long existed and is particularly evident during the summer months. Söderbyleden To reduce through traffic by hand and improve the connection between Brandbergen and Highway 73, the municipality has been studying a possible new route for the road between Klockarleden and Trafikplats Jordbrovägen.

04. HANINGE 04. HANINGE Infrastructure

Target Points

Bus Routes, (green is service routes)

Bicycle Haninge Municipality’s bike map was awarded “Map of the Year 2013” by the Cartographic Society.

Road and Streets Thoroughfare Access - 70 km/h Main Streets -links to the main roads, 50km/h Local Streets -housing areas, 30 km/h

Emergency Routes Devided into Primary and Secondary. Mostly depending on speed limits, claim for a smooth, straight path to avoid patients to unnecessary risks.

Pedestrian and Bycicle crossings The safty of road crossings.

04. 04. HANINGE HANINGE Infrastructure

Public Transportations Busses In Haninge there are bus services between urban centers of Dalarö, Gålö, Söderby Brygga and Årsta Havsbad. Himmelsö, Herrö, Yxlö and Muskö is reached by train and bus via Osmo. Oxnö, Svärdsö, Torö and Lisö reached by bus from Nynashamn. Trains Today it is possible to go by commuter train directly to the port of Nynashamn. Port capacity in Nynashamn will gradually be expanded and the availability from the region will be improved. The unique location of a commuter rail station in the port should be used more widely. Fairways Outside Haninge and Nynäshamns municipalities are buoyed main routes for shipping. West of Torö, Lisölandet and further up in Himmerfjärden is the main road that leads up to Södertälje and into the lake Mälaren. The fairway has a minimum depth of 9 meters. East of our coasts is the single main road up towards Stockholm with a detour into Nynashamn.

The trail is at least 10 meters deep and goes over open water except between Ornö and the mainland, where the cruise is between islands. This inner fairway is of national interest and use of certain vessels in bad weather because the waters there are calmer than in the outer fairway that goes further out to the sea. Boats and Ferries One of the most important factors for life in the archipelago is the transport system. Opportunities to travel, transport goods and to send and receive messages are the preconditions for a living archipelago. From Dalarö, Årsta Havsbad, Nynashamn and Ankarudden, there are boats and ferries to the archipelago. It is from the Rural Area, Utö and Ornö as people commute by boat or ferry. To Utö commute about 30 people in each day while about 70 commute, on Ornö is number 10 and 70. To Muskö commute approximately 1,300 people through the tunnel. The largest group that travels with the ferries is tourists and summer residents.

04. HANINGE 04. HANINGE Infrastructure

Proposed New Roadsystem The main differences in the proposed new network is that some main roads have been classified into local streets and some new links to the highways have been added. Goals: - All trafic should have a common roadsystem (car, bus, emergency services). - All road users should have no more than 400 meters to the nearest main road. - The goal is that no one is killed or seriously injured in the traffic. A New Station Nynäsbanan runsthrough the municipality and is double tracked from Älvsjö to Västerhaninge then, there’s a single track with only two places for meetings Tungelsta and Ösmo. Disturbance on Nynäsbanan tends to spread throughout the commuter rail network why Banverket conducted a feasibility study of measures to increase capacity on the route Västerhaninge - Nynashamn. The feasibility study includes the location of the so-called partial double track and platform extensions. Haninge locality has the character of a city strip extending along Nynäsbanan, so there is already a good basis for commuter traffic. This base will increase dramatically in the future as the planned investments available on a dense urban environment in Handen and the new municipal district “Vega”. In addition to these two initiatives, new residential and commercial buildings will be built in locations along Nynäsbanan.

Efforts on Nynäsbanan , for increased capacity and in particular reduced interference is therefore extremely necessary. Within the municipality there are six commuter rail stations ( Haninge Jordbrovägen , Västerhaninge, Krigslida, Tungelsta and Hemfosa ). In the ongoing planning for new housing in Stockholm - Property assignment - Haninge has shown the possibility to build approximately 2000 - 3000 new homes in the municipal district of Vega. A crucial prerequisite for the planning and construction of a new municipal district in one of the region perhaps best locations - Vega, is that a new commuter rail station will be built. A rough estimate of the passenger base shows that the station meets the requirements that tend to be on the number of residents in a particular area. Added to this is that if a station is being built, much of the northern parts of Norrby, Vendelsömalmsvägen gets closer by car and bus to Vega instead of Haninge. A special investigation of public transport for Vega is now progressing. In line with the municipality’s efforts to develop a sub-regional center, the municipality in the area closest to the rail station in Handen has developed a proposal for a program called Campus Haninge. In order to enable the extensions described is a condition that existing bus terminal relocation and simultaneously improved to offer simpler change between bus and rail . In order to reduce car traffic a hefty investment in public transport extent is required.

04. HANINGE Trade and industry

Gender balance at workplace

Trading Health care and social services Education Construction works Public management and national defence Business services Manufacturing and extracting Transport and storage Cultural and personal services etc. Hotel and restaurant services Real estate Energy distribution; envirinmental service Information and communication Unknown activities Agriculture, forestry and fishing activity Finance and ensurance service 3000

2000

1000

Men

1000

2000

3000

Women

Graphs. Extraction from: “Orientationplan 2020 for Haninge as municipality of trade and business and location of establishment.” Firgure 1. Gender balance at workplace.

Extraction from: “Orientationplan 2020 for Haninge

Figure 2. (Nextas page). Strong industries within in the municipality are logistics, health, tradelocation and production municipality of trade and business and ofin the environment, technology and medical technology. Haninge municipality understands the companies and municipals needs of a vibrant and strong economy.

establishment.”

Figure 3. (Next page). The Municipal trade and industry work is professional, wich makes Haninge the obvious first hand option for the establishment and development Strong of companies.industries within in the municipality are logis-

tics, health, trade and production in the environment, technology and medical technology. Haninge municipaly understands the companies and municipals needs of a vibrant and strong economy.

The Municipal trade and industry work is professional, wich makes Haninge the obvious first hand option for

04. HANINGE Trade and industry

Jobs by industry (2011) Construction works Energy distribution; envirinmental service Real estate Finance and ensurance service Business services Trading Hotel and restaurant services Information and communication Agriculture, forestry and fishing activity Cultural and personal services etc. Public management and national defence Unknown activities Manufacturing and extracting Transport and storage Education Health care and social services 0

2,5

7,5

12,5

17,5

Municipality average

Haninge

Biggest eployers (2012) Haninge Municipality National Defence Axfood Coca Cola Enterprises Keolis Samhall Stockholm County Council Axstores PraktikertjĂ¤nst Geriatrik SĂśderbyleden Supermarket Vattenfall Services National board of Police Pysslingen kindergartens and schools Nymans elektriska TD Tech data 0

15 %

04. HANINGE Military

Huddinge

Tyresö

Botkyrka

HANINGE

Värmdö

Nynäshamn

AREAS OF MILITARY ACTIVITIES

High Medium Low

The army has an important role in Haninge. The garnisson is the second employer and one of the biggest landowners in the municipality. The military facilities and training areas are spread all over specially on the eastern part into the archipelago and the sea. After the 1990 the military activities had been drastically reduced and the land had been transfered into civil usage. The actual and the future international political situation may stop this trend and maybe start a redevelopment of the facilities in the area.

04. HANINGE Tourism

Pictures from Huvudskär in Haninge archipelago

Pictures from Tyresta National Park Tourism Slogan: “Experience the archipelago and the wilderness” The Haninge archipelago consists of 3,600 islands and skerries, including some of the best-known and most visited islands of the Stockholm archipelago. Here you can satisfy your desire for peace and quiet in untouched nature or enjoy swimming, fishing, canoeing and water skiing. You can dine in the cozy island restaurants and choose the type of accommodation that suits you best. To visit the archipelago, take the boat from Stockholm, Nynäshamn or from Årsta Havsbad and Dalarö if you are in Haninge. It is not only the great archipelago that attracts tourists to Haninge. In Haninge you can wander through unique wilderness, stroll in enchanting old-growth forests and take a dip in cool woodland lakes in Tyresta National Park. Haninge has 20 nature reserves, a national park and several outdoor recreation areas, manors and parks, offering you a wide variety of natural, cultural and historical content. The area has been inhabited for at least 9,000 years and has many exciting places in the landscape that carries the stories of people who lives here before. Visit great castles, churches, ancient monuments and natural sites, a few examples is Häringe castle, Årsta Castle, the medieval churches; Österhaninge church and Västerhaninge church and also Sweden second-largest Iron Age burial site Jordbrovägen cemetery. The next tourist attraction in Haninge may be the Hobbit village in Muskö. The world’s probably first hobbit village will soon be formed and hopefully by next year you can live as a Hobbit in the Hobbit village. The village is meant to serve as a watering hole for busy townspeople. Possibly the village will become selfsufficient, with its own brewery, bakery and dairy. The first house to be built will probably be the hobbit pub. In order to create a healthy livening environment and in order to make ecological houses the building material will be local, natural and recycled materials.

Maybe a common sight in Muskö landscape in a few years?

GENERAL STATISTICS

Year Established: 1971 Total Area: 141.47 km² Population Growth Rate: 0.705 %

Population: 99 049 Birth rates: 1273

Population Density: 710 /km² Death Rate: 574

Local Tax Rate: 32.05 % Urban Centres: Flemingsbergs, Segeltorp, Sjödalen-Fullersta, Skogås, Stuvsta-Snättringe, Trångsund, Vårby --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Existing buildings and built-up areas Total building area : ² = 34 700 m² Housing Types, units + area Single Family Houses: 17 915 Apartments (ownership): 16 712 Apartments (rent): 13 250 Commercial Properties, area Malls: 1000 m² Offices: 1000 m² (public buildings) Other: 1000 m² (economy buildings) + 1000 m² (other buildings) Industrial Estates: 1000 m²

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Planned Development Areas [listed] : Housing Types, units + area (2013-2017) Single Family Houses: 1300 Apartments (ownership): 2470 Apartments (rent): 1230 (2013-2017) Housing: 9000 (Future) / 196 100 m² (2015 - 2022) The house of the county council (1966), Sture Frölén

Commercial Properties, area Malls/Industrial Estate: 11 000 m² (2015 - 2041) Offices: 21 000 m² (2015 - 2022) Other: 26 500 m² (1000 new student apartments in Flemingsberg)

Where the “Paradisgaraget” is currently placed, plans are made to replace the garage with offices and homes. The office building will be high enough to act as a landmark.

Future planning of Kungens Kurva spa.

Team 5: Miriam Alonso, Pedram Danesh, Irati Gonzalez, Paul Keane, Alberto Matta, Sofia Wollert Olsson, Therese Pähn, Tom Steegh

HUDDINGE SEGELTORP Inhabitants: 11161 Total area: 11.2 km2 Growth: 0.6% Foreigners: 5% 20-64: 84%

STUVSTASNÄTTRINGE Inhabitants: 15341 Total area: 9.5 km2 Growth: 0.6% Foreigners: 5% 20-64: 87%

TRÅNGSUND Inhabitants: 9480 Total area: 22.3 km2 Growth: 0.4% Foreigners: 6% 20-64: 83%

VÅRBY Inhabitants: 9434 Total area: 6.5 km2 Growth: 1.5% Foreigners: 26% 20-64: 59 %

FLEMINGSBERGS Inhabitants: 13462 Total area: 18.3 km2 Growth: 1.2% Foreigners: 22% 20-64: 62%

SJÖDALENFULLERSTA Inhabitants: 19365 Total area: 62.5 km2 Growth: 0.4% Foreigners: 5% 20-64: 83%

SKOGÅS Inhabitants: 13284 Total area: 11.7 km2 Growth: 0.7% Foreigners: 12% 20-64: 74%

Mälaren

STOCKHOLM

Segeltorp Skärholmen Herrängen

N Vårby gård

Kungens kurva

Långsjön

Långsjö

Hagsätra

Gömmarens naturreservat

Snättringe

Gömmaren

Stuvsta

Masmo Fagersjö

Fittja Myrängen

K K K S

Glömsta

Albysjön

Huddinge C

Högmora

!J Farsta Strand

K K

Trehörningen

Flottsbro

S K

Trångsund

Magelungen

Tullinge S

Ågesta sjön

Orlångens naturreservat

!J Flemingsberg

Ågesta friluftsområde

Skogås

BOTKYRKA S

Drevviken

Länna K

Flemingsbergsskogen Orlången

Vidja

Gladö kvarn

HANINGE

Kvarnsjön

Sofielund

Ådran

Paradiset

Öran

0,5

Scale 1:35 000

5 km

HOUSING HISTORY

During what years dwellings were built in different parts of Huddinge

(# Dwellings X100)

35 30 25 20 15 10 5

’41-’60

’61-’80

’41-’60

’81-’00

(Period in time)

’61-’80

’41-’60

’81-’00

(Period in time)

VÅRBY

’61-’80

’41-’60

’81-’00

(Period in time)

SEGELTORP

’61-’80

’81-’00

(Period in time)

STUVSTA-SNÄTTRINGE

TRÅNGSUND

Time period 1900-1929 1930-1945 1946-1961 1962-1975 1967-1994 1995-1999

Building type Villas Holiday cottage Area with larger houses Industrial and/or retail area

(# Dwellings X100)

35 30 25 20 15 10 5

’41-’60

’61-’80

’81-’00

’41-’60

’61-’80

’81-’00

’41-’60

’61-’80

(Period in time)

FLEMMINGSBERGS

SJÖDALEN-FULLERSTA

SKOGÅS

’81-’00

TYPOLOGIES & TIMELINE

Typologies found in Huddinge

Swedish Villa’s (Single family dwellings) Built by private ownership prior to 1945 in Rurban areas Generally constructed of timber with pitched roofing Contributed to the Urban Sprawl of Huddinge

Huddinge Timeline Västra stambananis built

1860

1,800 inhabitants.

1900

The 6 municipal communities of Huddinge are joined to form a big “municipium”

1947

Huddinge’s first high rise building (6 stories)

1952

Huddinge road expanded to 4 lanes

1956

The house for county council is built

1960

“The Vårby deal” was reached between the Huddinge and Stockholm municipalities

1961

IKEA settles down in Kungens kurva

1965

50, 000 inhabitants

1967

1950

Multi-Family Housing Schemes Constrution of multi-storey dwellings to combat the urban sprawl into the rural land. Quick construction was needed which led to the design of simple dwellings The most notable project being the Millionprogrammat constructed in the 1970’s in ‘Zoomburb’ areas

Huddinge rural municipality converted into current Huddinge

1970 1971

Huddinges only subway stations Vårby gård and Masmo are built

1972

Huddinge hospital is inaugurated

1973

Grantorp (West Flemingsberg) is built as part of the million programme

1975 1980

Generally located close to infrastructure, industry, and education

Huddinge establishes municipal councils

1986

Industry and Infrastructure 1990 Industry has played a huge role in the development of the Urban areas of Huddinge Most notably the large shopping malls in Kungens Kurva Infrastructure has played the biggest role in the development of urban Huddinge. Huddinge Road and the commuter train lines had the biggest influence in the growth and sprawl of the urban areas specifically in Vårby, Huddinge C, Flemingsburg and Trångsund

Södertörn university is established

1996 2000

The shopping centre Heron city is built

2001

Huddinge universitetssjukhus (HS) and Karolinska sjukhuset (KS) form Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset

2004

2010 100, 000 inhabitants

2012 2013

ELECTION

Electorial results in different parts of Huddinge 2010

VÅRBY

SEGELTORP

STUVSTA-SNÄTTRINGE

TRÅNGSUND

Political parties M+FP+C+KD S+MP+V SD OTHER

FLEMMINGSBERGS

SJÖDALEN-FULLERS TA

SKOGÅS

TENURE TYPES

Proportion of types of tenure in different parts of Huddinge today

VÅRBY

SEGELTORP

STUVSTA-SNÄTTRINGE

TRÅNGSUND

Types of tenure Property Tenancy Cooperative

FLEMMINGSBERGS

SJÖDALEN-FULLERSTA

SKOGÅS

QUALITIES OF HUDDINGE

STOCKHOLM CITY

HUDDINGE

Child Friendly “I grew up here” Not as Child Friendly as the Suburbs Good Communication More Diverse Social and Economic Backrounds Bigger Houses for Less Money More money for smaller Houses “there is nothing to the city but traffic”

Less Traffic

More Traffic Calm Environment “everything is close by” Busy Environment Close to Nature Dense Built up areas, Not a lot of Nature “the city is noisy”

People with a Similar Social Economic Backround

Less of a Community Nature between Inhabitants Smaller, Closer Community “I love my neighbours”

DEVELOPMENT TILL 2030 Stuvsta

Segeltorp

Today: Low density area with few kinds of tenures. Future: • Increased exploitation • Introduce different kinds of tenures • More communal services

Today: A high exploited area, with little green areas. Future: • Moremeetingplacesbyplacingparkingarea under ground and better use of green areas. • Better connection to the green areas and nature reserve.

Huddinge center Today: An administrative center for the municipality. Future: • New entrances to the center is created. • Additionalbuildingsofdifferentfunctions. • Enhanced community facilities. • A new square is created by relocating the car/bus traffic to a tunnel.

Mälaren

STOCKHOLM

Segeltorp Skärholmen Herrängen

Kungens kurva

Vårby gård

Långsjön

Långsjö Hagsätra Gömmarens naturreservat

Snättringe Stuvsta

Gömmaren

Masmo

Fagersjö

Fittja Myrängen Glömsta

Albysjön

Huddinge C

Högmora

Farsta Strand

Trehörningen

Trångsund

Flottsbro Magelungen

Tullinge Ågesta sjön

Orlångens naturreservat

Flemingsberg

Skogås Ågesta friluftsområde

BOTKYRKA Drevviken

Länna Flemingsbergsskogen Orlången

Vidja

Gladö kvarn

HANINGE

Kvarnsjön

Nature reserve border. Conservation area. Green connection that needs strengthening. Important parc area

Sofielund

Primary development- and exploitation area. Secondary development- and exploitation area. Other urban area. Area for investigation Future development area. Ådran

Paradiset

Railway Future area reserved for railway Future area reserved for tram, commuter train etc.- Main alternative Future area reserved for tram, commuter train etc.- Investigated alt.

Öran

Regional bicycle road Main road Future road

Flemingsberg Today: An unconnected million programme project. Future: • Connecting different areas and overbridging barriers with green walkways, better communications, more meeting places.

Skogås Today: An area of groupings. Future: • More diversity between tenures and areas. • An enhanced and diverse centre with a better entrance.

Trångsund Today: A low populated area with a lot of greenareas. Future: • Increade mix of tenures. • Increaseddevelopmentaroundtherailway station and the green areas. • A central park is built.

DEVELOPMENT EXAMPLE

Varby 1951 -

Before the miljoprogramet only few private houses following a organic pattern.

There is a main road, but it doesn´t go into the residencial area.

There isn´t any public transportation. Most of the houses where holiday houses that didn´t need a regular connection to the city.

Most of the land is greenery: parks and woods.

Varby 2013 -

The planing after the miljonprogramet.

The buildings follow an ortogonal structure with space between them.

The new building became the new center.

Since there was a need of public transportaton to the city, the railway line was drawn thought the center.

DEVELOPMENT EXAMPLE

Varby future

•

Avoid segregation by building new buildings betwen the miljonprogrammet buildings.

•

Mantain important and apreciated natural areas and parks, used by the inhabitants in their free time.

•

Create green walks conecting the residential areas to the natural areas. So that inhabitants feel they live close to the nature, but at the same time there isn´t as much segregation as before.

•

Conect the town to the city center by public transport, as many of the inhabitants of the area need to go to the city center.

•

Different roadways for cars and pedestrians. The center of the town is for pedestrian use and the outskirts of the town are for cars, with only one road crossing the town.

•

Sparvag syd (a proposed tram line in southern Stockholm) is to conecting the different areas of Huddinge. Nowdays the only possible comunication is by bus which takes a long time. The project is very controversial since SL considers it too expersive, but the municipality of Huddinge is in favour and trying to carry it out.

GOALS & ORGANIZATION

Economical/ Industrial issues Well being/ Social issues

Publicity

Politics

THE ARCHITECT

Financed by politicians and investors

Architects ﬁnd solutions to try and solve the problems of the times

Politicians spend money on the inhabitants and area to make them feel cared for and safe

The area gains publicity by using “Stararchitects”

More people move to live to the area

IDEOLOGY & ORGANIZATION

TAXES

(over time)

The tax rate in Huddinge is currently 19.95 per cent of a resident's taxable income. In addition to this tax to Huddinge Municipality, the municipal tax also includes tax to Stockholm County Council, which is currently 12.10 per cent of taxable income. In addition to these taxes there are church fees and funeral charges. Church fees are only paid by members of the Church of Sweden. Funeral charges are paid by everyone. • • • • •

Tax to the municipality: 19,95 Tax to the county council: 12,10 Total tax: 32,05 Church fees: 00,73 Funeral charges: 00,11

REFERENCES

Sagrén, C. (2001): 1900- Talsarkitektur i Huddinge: att bygga för ljus, luft och frihet. Huddinge: Litografia AB. http://www.huddinge.se http://www.scb.se http://www.globalpropertyguide.com/Europe/Sweden http://www.investstockholm.com http://www.hsb.se

ORIENTATION: History, Theory and Technology of Architecture A42O1A Report Assignment

Claes Sörstedt AUTUMN SEMESTER 2013-2014 Miriam Alonso Pedram Danesh Irati Gonzalez Paul Keane Alberto Matta Sofia Wollert Olsson Therese Pähn Tom Steegh

September 12th 2013

JÄRFÄLLA Slogan: Järfälla visar vägen! / Järfälla leads the way!

Year Established: 1862, latest muncipal reform 1971, Total Area: 63.39 km² Population: 68,210 Population Growth Rate: 1.1% Birth rates: 11.9

Population Density: 1279/km² Death Rate: 7.2

Local Tax Rate: 31.08 % Urban Centres: Jakobsberg, Barkarby, Viksjö, Kallhäll --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Existing buildings and built-up areas Total building area : 6519 m² Housing Types, units + area (2011) Single Family Houses: 10,854 / 0000 m² Apartments (ownership): 10,502 / 0000 m² Apartments (rent): 7,530 / 0000 m² Other: 0 / 0 m² Commercial Properties, area Public, industrial and commercial facilities have an area of 1,071,016 m², which is 49% of the footprint area of all buildings in the municipality. Other Types of other major businesses (could be science, culture, technology and research, etc.) SAAB, Arla Foods, IKEA, UPS, Dahl, PostNord, ICA Handlarnas AB, Nobin AB, ELFA AB, Aom Assistans Existing or past iconic/postcard architectural/urban projects (does not have to been built): Barkarby Handelsplats --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Planned Development Areas: Housing Types, units + area Single Family Houses: 654 / 78,480 m² Apartments (ownership): 2,471 / 247,100 m² Apartments (rent): 1,647 / 164,700 m² Other: [unknown] Commercial Properties, area Malls: N/A Offices: N/A Other: N/A Industrial Estates: N/A Other Types of other major businesses (could be science, culture, technology and research, etc.) Barkarby College Proposed Iconic/postcard urbanism projects Barkabystaden, Källtorpsvägen by Utopia arkitekter

Team:

Filip Dans, Julie McCort, Karin Stenström, Klara Kedbom, Miriam Völcker, Johan Alvfors, Oskar Grundström, Raffer Qian

EXISTING SITUATION (2013)

KALLHÄLL

JAKOBSBERG

SKLÄLLBY

BARKARBY

PLANNED SITUATION (ca 2030-2050)

KALLHÄLL

JAKOBSBERG

Metro from Akalla Sollentuna/ Arninge

SKLÄLLBY

BARKARBY Western bypass road

Development area

Outer Crossway Line Tyresö/Vällingby

Postcard from Kallhäll, ca 1970 What does it mean to be Järfälla - a muncipality in the immediate vicinity of Stockholm - in the year of 2013? What are the challenges, and what is their history? During one week, our group of eight students have searched for answers to these questions. Despite being a quite young muncipality with its current borders, Järfälla has a long history, which still today has left its marks in the protected cultural heritage sites that frequently spots the forest. When Järfälla boomed in the 1970’s, they became part of the numerous barriers that separates the residential districts, just as did the road networks and other principles of modernist planning. Our work tries to describe Järfälla from a number of perspectives. Starting with a personal reflection on the atmospheres as experienced by two persons with no previous knowledge of the municipality, we want to show the diversity of the area and the human dimension. With a timeline of major events, it is easier to grasp the width of the challenges of today. This is combinated with demographics and statistics on housing conditions. Finally, we shortly explain the future plans of the municipality on general level and in specific projects.

other typologies. However, it is clear to us that not all areas get the same attention. Interesting projects are mainly concerned with the southern parts and areas along existing infrastructure. In the huge single-family housing districs, still very car dependent areas, little is done to decrease barriers and diversify. Also, roads as barriers are hardly challenged. Some centrum projects, lite that in Viksjö, is less credible than others since they do not include additions to the urban fabric. - Although the residential segregation in the municipality hardly changed since the 90’s, much needs to be done. The city architect said he lacked a perspective of integration, mostly of immigrants, in the physical planning. Parts of the government want to build attractive housing to attract more taxes. How this can be done without increasing segregation is unclear. - Generally, the municipality tries to destill the qualities of both urban and green environment to make them as intense and efficient as possible. However, there are also opposite strategies for the integration with the nature. There is also a need to tie the green wedge of Järva tighter together, for instance bridging Stäketvägen.

We have gone through a lot of material in our work, and had a very rewarding meeting with the city architect of Järfälla. Through the work, we have found a number of critical issues that needs more attention in the future. These include:

- The efforts of regional planning must increase. The situation is better than earlier, but lack of collaboration still threaten to create barriers between areas.

- The local government strive towards a spacially diverse environment, and work with completing existing areas with

- There are conflicts between different commercial areas due to overestablishment, which seems to continue in the future.

ATMOSPHERE AND TYPOLOGIES

We begin with a personal impression of the atmosphere that came to our mind while walking through the municipality of Järfälla , and wish to show how diverse the municipality can be.

Kallhäll Stäket

Firstly, we have the area of Kallhäll/Stäket to the north - the only center situated at the coastline of the lake Mälaren - which mainly consists of free-standing large scale buildings in otherwise natural areas. Jakobsberg, which is situated in the middle of Järfälla, is its main center and houses vital facilities and infrastructure. West of Jakobsberg you will find Viksjö, which is a residential area consisting of almost solely single family houses. And finally, there is Barkaby/Skälby to the south, which is seperated into a residential area and an industrial and commercial area. There you will also find a former airport which is recently now used as a plot for new developments.

Jakobsberg

Viksjö Barkarby Skälby

Järfälla overview map ~ 1 / 50 000

Living at the coast of the lake M채laren with a pleasant view which improves the quality of life. Though the coastline is not very dense, there are walkways that help you to enjoy the natural landscape.

Kallh채ll center : a very small garden-square where one can rest encircled by storefronts.

ATMOSPHERE AND TYPOLOGIES Kallhäll Stäket large-scale shapes in the nature

Some large-scale curved blocks of flats rise up from the forest-covered grounds. They are part of the ‘Miljonprogram’ (1965-1974).

Ulvsätra : A big housing project, based on an atypical and highly symmetrical plan.

Other large-scale curved blocks rising from the ground. They are part of Miljonprogrammet as well.

An example of Miljonprogrametâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s housing: These blocks of flats are arranged in a repetitive and parallel order, thus emphasizing perspective views of them in conjunction.

Jakobsberg has many facilities (cultural, historical, administrative, sports) contained within its center, including the middle school pictured . Its wide spread and causes the distances to be insurmountable to a walker, and are better suited for cars.

ATMOSPHERE AND TYPOLOGIES Jakobsberg the main center of J채rf채lla

In Jakobsberg center, the paved ground acts like a carpet floor : there is no distinction between urban spaces (walkways, roads, greenery...).

Some buildings in the center of Jakobsberg are tall and slender, which gives pedestrians and onlookers an impression of monumentality.

The Commercial area, where large-scale structures such as warehouses (IKEA) and parking lots cause this territory to be spread out and empty.

These single row-houses were built between the 1960’s and the 1980’s : they are very ‘petit bourgeois’ with the small fenced private gardens. This architectural style is very repetitive, but the owners tried to individualize their homes by using different colors on the façades and caring for their gardens.

This area contains nothing but single-houses, making the neighborhood very peacefull and too quiet. There’s no activity of any kind besides housing.

ATMOSPHERE AND TYPOLOGIES Viksjรถ the single-houses district

These six-storeys blocks of flats belong to the Miljon Programmet, and resemble a similar typology as the whole municipality.What is striking is the importance given to cars (because the unhabitants depend on them); empty space is given to parking lots between the buildings.

This school is part of the very small center of Viksjรถ, which contains some social facilities for the residential area around.

Another house typology that we met in this area is the semidetached houses : one house which is divided into two dwellings.

Industrial area, impression of large sizes and emptiness similar to the commercial area in Jakobsberg.

Repetition of single family living in own houses with gardens, â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;my home is my castleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;.

ATMOSPHERE AND TYPOLOGIES Barkarby Sk채lby the fast developing industrial and residential area

These very new buildings (2 to 5 years old) are an example of new interpretation for blocks of flats; they look like buildings of the Miljon Programmet, but their lack of repetition/parallell placement changes the space in between.

These wooden houses are an example of new interpretation for single family homes. They have large terraces but no fences; it feels like being in a small community.

This is a big construction site, on the former airport terrain. This area is under development, blocks of flats are being built.

TIMELINE

1876 Jakobsbergs train station is built The rail accessibility would prove to make this area attractive for city inhabitants who would later seek to move out from the crowded cityscape.

1905 The Crown purchases Järvafältet This was done to establish new military training grounds. Residential plots in Jakobsberg were also bought in order to slow future expansion.

1915 Barkarby airfield is established Over the years military infrastructure would be added, but at this time it was merely used as a landing strip.

1930 75% of the population is urbanized.

1901 Birger Svenonius purchases Barkarby and Kyrkby The land was divided into 78 plots, and 60 family houses were built. Despite lacking a waterfront the rural aspects attracted the inhabitants.

1906 Bolinders Mekaniska Verkstad The company developed 15 family houses for its employees to occupy.

1920 40% of the population is urbanized For the time being this was a very rural community, but 1920 marks the time at which urbanization would begin in earnest.

1940: Bolinders expands, straining the housing provision in Kallhäll 1945: First housing blocks are developed, initially in Kallhäll and then Jakobsberg Since there was no definite dominating community the development was largely independent between the worker society of Kallhäll and families of the rest of the municipality, and at the time grew in that order.

1953: Bolinders employees become able to purchase their properties. Measures were taken to achieve this because there was a concern that companytied housing would make it difficult to leave the company. This spelled the end of company-controlled housing, leading to Bolinders selling off its residential properties to HSB.

1960: Increased development causes Jakobsberg to become the official center of the municipality.

This illustrates how it was becoming difficult for a single commercial element to keep up with the developing community that was growing up around it.

1950 Housing blocks are developed in Barkarby Being among the later areas that were developed, yet close to road and rail connections, it is possible that the extra space available would make Barkarby largely a commercial area. Key destinations there is the Ikea store and the Barkarby marketplace.

1955 95% of the population is urbanized

ORIENTATION

Kallhäll

Jakobsberg

Viksjö

Barkarby

TIMELINE (CONTINUED)

Antal 70 000 60 000

1950-1970 Population increase 1964-66 Curved apartment block typology is built in Kallhäll Seeing as these structures were begun prior to the ‘Miljonprogrammets” start in 1965, and the increased costs and complexity from the architectderived curves hampering the possibility of government building loans, it is more likely that these developments were part of a private venture by HSB.

50 000 40 000

Järfälla Länet

30 000

An exponential population increase took place between 1950 and 1970, from 10,000 inhabitants in 1950 to 50,000 in 1970 before subsiding.

20 000 10 000 0 1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2010 År

2000

1967 + 1968 Commuter trains enter traffic to Järfälla

1967 The ‘Miljonprogram’ projects of Söderhöjden

This quintessential ‘Miljonpro1967-68 gram’ project consists of 14 The Berghem prefabristructures of 8 stories each as well as a number of intermediary cated family houses 3-storey blocks. Built on land that only consisted of a forestry were built as part of the and farmhouses, it followed the ‘Miljonprogram’ development ideals of retaining green spaces, resulting in 3 larger Between 20-30% of the ‘Miljonparks in close proximity. program’ consisted of singlefamily homes, yet is often not attributed to the program itself. 1960-1980: Viksjö family In Berghem, 142 individual units were mass-produced with housing development all elements added before being transported and set on concrete Despite lacking railway connecfoundations on-site. tions, the area of Viksjö developed a multitude of detached terrace houses and individual family homes. Perhaps this was 1970 20000 a reaction of disillusioned highrise inhabitants. 18000 of appeal for Decline

Antal 70 000 60 000

60 000

50 000

2005

2003

2001

1999

1995

1993

1991

1989

1987

1985

1983

1981

1979

1977

1975

Municipality development

1973

1971

1997

Stockholm

2000

12000

1950

1960

1970

40 000

10000

1980 8000

Järfälla Länet

30 000

1990

2010 År

2000

6000 Series1 4000

20 000

2000

10 000 0

20000

2005

2003

2001

1999

1997

1995

1993

1991

1989

1987

1985

1983

1981

1979

1977

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1971

1969

Built Apartments

18000 16000 14000 12000 10000

Series1

8000 6000 4000 2000

12000 10000 8000

2005

2003

2001

1999

1997

1995

1993

1991

1989

1987

1985

1983

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1973

0 1971

2010 År

1969

2000

1967

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1965

1980

1967

1970

1965

1960

Housing development (no of units)

1950

Länet

4000

Housing demand

10 000

Series1

Järfälla

6000

1965

20 000

Järfälla

8000

Previously there had been a distinction between rural and urban municipalities. Also, groupings and cross-border cooperation was encouraged.

30 000

Antal 70 000

10000

1969

40 000

1967

1971 Reforms create the Järfälla municipality of today

50 000

Inhabitants

residents

16000

As in many other places, the massive amount of con14000 an oversupply of housing coupled struction caused with difficulties to attract residents to fill the empty apartments.12000

RESIDENTIAL TYPOLOGIES IN JÄRFÄLLA Single family houses

Cover 15% of Järfälla 24 % of all housing Footprint 518,700 m² (24%) Approx. 821,000 m²

Row-houses

Cover 4% of Järfälla 14 % of all housing Footprint 304,200 m² (14%) Approx. 321,000 m²

Appartments

Cover 3% of Järfälla 62 % of all housing Footprint 284,700 m² (13%) Approx. 1,790,900 m²

Other

Other land 78% (41,573,000 m²) Other buildings 1,071,000 m² (49%)

The low-density typologies dominate areawise (19%) while providing only 38% of the housing. This renders the multifamily housing more than ten times more surface efficient. There is a huge typological segregation, often separated by areas of commercial, public or industrial use.

Considering the plans of the local government, this seems to be adressed from a one-sided perspective: making complements/densification in the dense areas while leaving the lowrise housing carpets as they are.

POPULATION STATISTICS Age distribution

Proportion of population born outside Sweden

Järfälla compared to the regional average (Stockholms län) of age distribution. The regional average has a larger proportion of people in working age, with 55% compared to Järfälla 51%. Järfälla has a larger part of the aging population at 17%, compared to the regional average of 15%. Data from year 2012 from SCB. Total population of Järfälla was 68 210 in 2012.

Järfälla compared to the regional average (Stockholms län) of immigrant population. Here also in relation to neighbouring municipality Sollentuna and immigrant-dense Södertälje.

Järfälla

Stockholms län

Sollentuna

Järfälla

Stockholms län

Sollentuna

51%

Södertälje

POPULATION STATISTICS Following diagrams are showing professions in percentage of all employed people from age 16 to 64 from each municipality devided in gender.

FEMALE

MALE

FEMALE

MALE

FEMALE

MALE

FEMALE

MALE

FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF JÄRFÄLLA

FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF JÄRFÄLLA The challenges and goals of Järfälla The Järfälla municipal office has set up six challenges and future goals. The first one, Sustainable Järfälla, refers to the striving for a good balance between ecological, social, economical and spatial sustainability. The second one, Urban Järfälla, is aiming at developing and maintaining a high quality on the built environment. The third one, Valuable Growth is about increasing the accessibility of the natural and cultural environment. The fourth one, High Competence Business Environment, is about improving the conditions for commercial activity, research and higher education. The fifth one, Smart Infrastructure refers to increasing the usage of public transport and developing the pedestrian and the bicycle paths. The sixth one, A Järfälla for Everyone, is aiming at, as the name is indicating, that Järfälla as a municipality should be attractive for different kinds of people and for people in different stages of their lives. Until year 2030, Järfälla has some important commitments as a municipality. These are among other to build for 25 00030 000 people until 2030. They want to develop a more regional city centre Barkaby-Jakobsberg, which can be an attractive and competitive part in the region. They also want to preserve and strengthen the green areas like for example Järvakilen and Görnvälnkilen. Regarding public tranport, the Mälarbanan will be extended from two to four tracks and there will be railbound public transport between Stockholm west and Akalla/Kista.

Future scenario Pathways • • •

More suburb than city Close to nature and water Direction outward

In this scenario Järfälla keeps the character of a suburb with medium densed pathways stretching out over the municipality. Mälaren becomes more accesible with for example housing at Sandudden and boattraffic on Mälaren. The longer distances will make it harder for the public transport and the use of cars will probably not decrease. There is also a risk for segregation, where people doesn’t mix. It’s harder for commercial activities to establish, but is more suitible for smaller and self-employed companies. The risk of Järfälla becoming a dormitary town is present. This scenario will probably attract high-income families and people +55 years.

Future scenario Single city centre • • •

Jakobsberg-Barkaby as a regional city centre Attractive for bigger companies, restaurants and other urban activities Direction inward

In this scenario Jakobsberg-Barkaby becomes a new regional city centre with a clear city character. The city wants to compete with other municipalities in the region by creating a rich urban life with a lot of meeting places and establishment of commercial activities. The city centre strengthen, but other areas in the rest of Järfälla weaken. The public transport will be more used and the pedestrian and bicycle streets will also be developed. New bold architecture will be introduced to give the city an identity and an attractive centre. Not as close to nature and water, but less risk for segregation.

Future scenario Multiple centres • • •

Strengthen the feeling of the suburb Multiple smaller centres Direction inward

This scenario will emphasize Järfälla as a suburb with four smaller city centres which have their character and identity, Jakobsberg, Barkaby, Kallhäll and Viksjö. There will be an even spread of commercial activities in the municipality, but there is a risk of segregation between the different centres. Also a risk for isolation and homogenization. The public transport can be developed which leads to less usage of cars.

FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF JÄRFÄLLA Current situation

Scenario pathways

Scenario ingle city Scenario multiple centre centres

Habitants within 1 km from railway station

Urban activities within

High density

Low density Residential area x commercial area within 200 m

Portion of building on unexploited ground

73 %

68 %

65 %

This is an investigation done by Järfälla kommun and carried out by Spacescape. They looked at the three possible future scenarios regarding four important aspects. Closeness to railway stations, accessebility to urban activities, the density/mix between residential and commercial areas and portion of building on unexploited ground. The scenario single city centre was valued the best in three of the four categories (marked with red). Is seems like Järfälla is going in the direction of the outcome of this investigation. They are currently working on the big project Barkabystaden which is the beginning of the densification around the new regional city centre. Which future direction does the inhabitants of Järfälla want? Do they want to keep the suburb or develop a stronger city centre? There seems to be a conflict between the wills of the citizens and the local government. On next page, you can see the result from some workshops and surveys.

FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF JÄRFÄLLA

The project called Kajen mot det gröna (The dock towards the greenery) was about investigating sustainable city structures where city and nature are supposed to meet. This is one of the challenges for the future Järfälla. They need to build more, but at the same time preserve the green qualities. In this project, the inhabitants of Järfälla were invited to participate in workshops to discuss how the city would meet the green areas by for example Mälarvägen/Rånäsvägen. They were also asked to list the types of cities they preferred. As shown in the diagram above, the city types that the inhabitants liked the most was the small village and the gardening city. They were most negative towards a functionalistic city and more bold architecture. Järfälla should keep its character as a suburb.

Don’t agree at all

Really agree

Don’t know

Really agree

Don’t know

Järfälla should have a more clear city character.

The inhabitats were to mark out in red which area in Järfälla needs to be improved, with green where their favourite place in Järfälla is at, and with yellow where they want to live in Järfälla. The areas most appreciated are mostly in the nature reserves and some in the more dense areas. The area most people wanted to change, is Kallhäll. By the yellow dots, we can see that there is now an even spread regarding where

Don’t agree at all

In the two diagrams above people where asked if they wanted more of a city character of if Järfälla should stay as a suburb. About 600 people were part of this survey.