Unit2+3E Semester Book Fall 2017/2018

EXTRACTION | FALL 2017-18 | UNIT 2+3E | SEMESTER BOOK | AARHUS SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

index

Phase 2 Disintegrate / Alex Montgomery Inside vs Outside / Amalie Aass Frank Kinetic vision micro-macro / Amalie Lykke Baadsgaard Veiling Wall / Athena Wyller Assembly Line of Rhythm / Bodil Eiterstraum Human-triggering-self-reflection / Carl Justus Fuchs Keys Of Destruction/ Christian S. R. Reinholdt Andersen Drawing machine / Daniel Berekhetab Habtemariam Performative Relations / Ditte Horsbøl Sørensen Perceptual Device / Ella Neumaier Awareness Of The Hidden Policy / Emilie Cordelia K. Sønder The Pendulum / Emma Grace Edwards The Extenders / Genevieve Aloka Welch-Hammial Defending Machine / Georg Bugge Reitan Our Precious Water / Glenn Gundelach-Taabbel The Neutralizer / Iben Tranberg-Jensen Algaegreenhouse / Isak Dysthe Sønderland Experience the surface / Janne Nørreskov Burhardt Sound of Labour / Johan Neve Klejs Movement of a pattern - Pattern of a movement / Johanne Brøgger One way ticket / Karl Henrik Kobbeltvedt Life in destruction / Katarina Bramsen Buhl The limestone camera / Kristina Worm Harvesting wings / Linn Frida Johansson Feeling the negative space of the material / Markus Husby Extracting Chair / Martin Dannesboe Singh Movement / Mike Lyngsø 1: 0.2 / Pia Schneider A Survey on Surface - An Invitation to Perform / Sigrun Perla Gisladottir Dustbox / Thea Marie Hasselbalch Typewriter / Thorbjørn Riis Hammel Comprehensive Noise / Toan Manh Nguyen

1 3 4 8 14 20 26 32 38 44 50 58 64 70 76 82 88 94 100 106 117 118 120 122 124 126 128 130 132 134 136 138 140 142 144 146 148 150 152 154 156 158 160 162 164 166 168 170 172 174 176 178 180

Index Introduction Phase 1 - Atlas ITPs Fort McMurray Chuquicamata Maarmorilik Solar Star Baotou Dead Sea Bornholm Isle Balangero Lardarello Petralia Ekofisk Snowdonia Beverley Coober Pedy Mt Arthur Grasberg

183 184 186 188 190 192 194 196 198 200 202 204 206 208 210 212 214 216 218 220 222 224 226 228 230 232 234 236 238 240 242 244 246

Phase 3 Fabricate: Infrastructure for a Designed Landscape / Alex Montgomery Connecting dots / Amalie Aass Frank Water affiliation micro-macro / Amalie Lykke Baadsgaard Data Flights / Athena Wyller Floating fields - Vertical crop rotation system / Bodil Eiterstraum Nomadic automatic – A modular extraction machine / Carl Justus Fuchs Vertical and horizontal expansion / Christian S. R. Reinholdt Andersen Faxe overlook and pathway / Daniel Berekhetab Habtemariam Post extraction / Ditte Horsbøl Sørensen Mølleå Park / Ella Neumaier Faxe Canyon - Revealing the already existing / Emilie Cordelia K. Sønder From Quarry to Kitchen / Emma Grace Edwards Rest + Harvest / Genevieve Aloka Welch-Hammial Faxe Rustbelt / Georg Bugge Reitan Faxe Basin / Glenn Gundelach-Taabbel The Neutralizer / Iben Tranberg-Jensen Carbon Reduction / Isak Dysthe Sønderland Experience the Sector / Janne Nørreskov Burhardt Sonic Wall / Johan Neve Klejs City of Strains / Johanne Brøgger Archive of preserved memories / Karl Henrik Kobbeltvedt Sector 21 / Katarina Bramsen Buhl Urban agriculture / Kristina Worm Aquatic Subway / Linn Frida Johansson A new path / Markus Husby Untitled / Martin Dannesboe Singh New Atlantis / Mike Lyngsø Smart Swarm System / Pia Schneider An attempt to patch Denmarks biggest hole / Sigrun Perla Gisladottir Dust sustenation / Thea Marie Hasselbalch Defining Industry: The Limitations of Linguistics / Thorbjørn Riis Hammel Colophon

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

EXTRACTION

Global affects and local negotiations

DISCRETE SIGNALS | Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

This publication catalogues the research activities of the second, third year and guest students in Unit 2+3E during the fall semester 2017/18. This research has been framed by a focus on sites of extraction and material affectiveness, their impact on environmental aesthetics and the development and our experiences of architecture. As one of six design units within the bachelor programme of the Aarhus School of Architecture our unit has an approach that shifts between each student’s individual project development and architectural skills, through investigation and experimentation, collaborative project investigations and production. The intention is for on-going collective dialogue that unfolds around the units focus where design is understood as a research practice, based on investigation and experimentation rather than prescriptive methods. The unit involves multiple actors and embraces uncertainty as well as challenging conventions. In this context this document is conceived as a vibrant collective catalogue of the student’s production where their different methodologies interact and contrast.

3 EXTRACTION: considered as the process that separates a substance from one phase into another, aided through the use of specific in situ tools [technology]. The complexity and operation of the tool depends on numerous material and immaterial factors: the matter to ‘pick up’, the environment where it operates, and the politics that promote such activities.

The activity of extraction takes many forms throughout human history, yet the focus, informed by specific politics, has always been on transforming the environment to obtain matter that has some specific value. The first sites of extraction, a mine, dated over 43000 years ago, was located in Swaziland, where the indigenous peoples develop techniques to extract hermaite (red ochre) for use in rituals, human and animal body decorations.

From the same period in Hungary the discovery of flint was used by the local peoples to produce tools and weapons. In approximately A.D. 36 the Roman Empire’s aggressive expansion of its silver extraction process produce “unequivocal evidence of early large-scale atmospheric pollution by this [lead] toxic metal”.

Additionally techniques like hushing were developed to extract raw materials with hydraulic power from the earth. Tools supporting human (in)habitation (aqueducts and tanks) are now used to collect and convey water to unveil precious minerals concealed in the bedrock.

Territories within our environments were becoming exposed to a punctual exploration of its resources for economic purposes.

The students have sort to unfold questions like: What is the form and affects of a material flow expanding from a given site of extraction? What about the emerging economy impacted by recent mutations of capitalism?

How do these complex relations (between economic activity, the domestic, macro and micro politics) challenges our social relations?

How is this reflected in the relationship between the body and space?

How are/can bodily intentions, enacted through the threshold of a tool, leave particular traces and residues?

What we use to consider a likely cause and effect relationship between production and social, as well as the body and space in the past, needs today to be investigated and reconsidered through new languages, discourses and forms of imagination. In this regard, EXTRACTION is our fertile laboratory for exploration where matter is at stake in the process of aesthetics, practices, spaces and territorial production.

The research activities have unfolded across three distinct phases that define the structure of this catalogue.

Chapter 1: Atlas of Destruction and Opportunity (Phase 1) Operating like detectives with a common agenda, the Atlas constructed in this phase was a collective attempt to investigate and reveal, map, analyse and define the territorial extents of sites of matter extraction. These territories were understood as an ambiguous mix of specific material configurations, economic and social values, and immaterial flows. The Atlas unfolds the specific ways matter is currently extracted, the configuration of the local situations, mapping of the multiple flows of influence, and catalogue spatial situations which are produced as a result of the material extraction.

Chapter 2: Tool Aesthetics: Bodily Actions and Material Situations (Phase 2) This phase was characterized by research into the local sites of exchange between a landscape (in transformation), the human body (in action), and the devices that enable the extraction of valuable matter. Dependent on the human body as an apparatus for action, the tools of labour employed in complex material/immaterial extraction process, define a threshold between our human bodies and our unstable material world. These tools or devices reconfigure matter, (the tools themselves a product of reconfigured matter), through specific and repeating actions. While efficiency may be a key characteristic of these tools, many tools and extraction devices are embedded with their own pleasure and perversions. Beyond their supposed efficiency by-products, side effects, and resultants are unavoidable. We cannot just zap dust away … Expanding from a day-excursion to the Faxe Kulkbrud and a specific exhibition venue at ‘O-Space’, the research experimented with the imprecise and interconnected boundaries between landscape-human-matter through the design and production of a tool that suggest alternate, disruptive, interventions refocusing the spatial experience embedded in matter transformation.

Chapter 3: Tactics of Disturbance (Phase 3) In this phase the students became agents of action, disturbance, interference, and/or subversion, through experimenting with specific spatial tactics speculating on many possible future scenarios for the Faxe Kulkbrud. Mobilizing the knowledge developed in the previous phases each student developed an infrastructure that speculates on the environmental, social, political and economic futures for Faxe Kalkbrud and the surrounding town(s). These infrastructures speculate on the kulkbrud and town as an interacting ecosystem of agents and mechanisms.

Semester Tutors: Fabio Gigone Angus James Hardwick Tina-Henriette Kristiansen

KRISTINA WORM PRODUCTION PROCESS HISTORY SCALE TRANSPORTATION AMALIE AAS FRANK INDIGENOUS MONOCULTURE EMPLOYMENT DEMARCATION REFORESTING / KATARINA BRAMSEN BUHL TIME DESTRUCTION HEAT EXPANSION MOVEMENT GLENN GUNDELACH TABBEL CONTAMINATION MUTATIONS HEALTH RISK ENVIRONMENT / MARKUS HUSBY SUSTAINABILITY RECYCLE PATINA LAYERS POLLUTION KARL HENRIK KOBBELTVEDT WASTE RELOCATION MOVEMENT HEALTH PRIVILEGES / AMALIE LYKKE BAADSGAARD CULTIVATION TRANSPORTATION CONVERSION SEPARATION CIVILIZATION DITTE HORSBØL SØRENSEN CLIMATE CHANGE DISTURBANCE TRANSFORMATION HUMAN INTEREST TIME / IBEN TRANBERG JENSEN LAYERS TOPOLOGY CLIMATE TECHNOLOGY RADIATION PIA SCHNEIDER CONVERSION IMMATERIALITY MEDIUM TRANSFER TRANSMISSION / JANNE NØRRESKOV BURHARDT TIME GEOLOGY RARE EARTH MATERIALS MINERALS MINING RUNE JESSEN / GENEVIEVE ALOKA WELCH HAMMIAL BORDERS STAKEHOLDERS GOVERNMENTS EXTRACTION SHIFTS LINN FRIDA JOHANSSON LEVELS WATER CIRCULATION SHIFTS SOURCES / ALEX MONTGOMERY GEOLOGY LAYERS TECTONICS INTRUSION CONTOURS SARAH CONSTANTIN YILDIZ GRADUAL FRAGMENTATION MATERIAL LABOUR MINE SIGRUN PERLA GISLADOTTIR HISTORY STUBBORN NATURE GEOLOGY LAYERS / CHRISTIAN SIMON REESE REINHOLDT ANDERSEN LANDFILLS GARBAGE FILTERS WATER VEGETATION JOHANNE BRØGGER POLITICAL INFLUENCE DELAY IN DISEASES EFFECT OF

A A

T

L

A

S

This Atlas is constructed as an attempt to investigate and reveal, T analyse and define L the territorial extents A of sites of Smatter map, extraction. These territories are understood as an ambiguous mix This Atlas is constructed as an attempt to investigate and reveal, of specific material configurations, economic and social values map, analyse and define the territorial extents of sites of matter and immaterial flows. The Atlas aims to unfold the specific ways extraction. These territories are understood as an ambiguous mix matter is currently extracted, the configuration of the local situof specific material configurations, economic and social values ations, mapping of the multiple flows of influence and catalogue and immaterial flows. The Atlas aims to unfold the specific ways spatial situations which are produced as a result of the matematter is currently extracted, the configuration of the local siturial extraction. Produced as a collective work, these investigaations, mapping of the multiple flows of influence and catalogue tions is served as a theatre of operations for further development spatial situations which are produced as a result of the mateacting as sites to test tactics of disturbance and subversion. rial extraction. Produced as a collective work, these investigations is served as a theatre of operations for further development territories of destruction and acting as sites to test tactics of disturbance and subversion.

territories

of

destruction

and

INDEX OF ELEMENTS

An assembly of heterogeneous elements related to the case-study which aims to foreground, rather than simply describe, the abovementioned processes. The index is the result of a wide spectrum of investigations, in which the combination of elements reveal the hidden structure and parameters of a territory.

MAP OF TERRITORY

A map of a four-dimensional construct that assembles a specific terrain as a volume, encompassing its heterogeneous mix of landforms, time scales and human production.

MAPPING OF FLOWS

Immaterial social, economic and political super-structures transform a geography into a territory. Flows are sometimes temporary, displaced, intermitted, depending to on each other or the other way around. Despite the impermanence of effect or presence, a flow’s immateriality, is embodied in a physical context and this can be registered and measured through data.

SPATIAL SITUATION

Concluding investigations of a specific building or settlement that is affected by the material extracted from the different sites and their flows.

opportunitiy opportunitiy

Greenland Maarmorilik

norway Ekofisk Oil Field

Canada Fort McMurray

waleS Snowdonia italy Balangero

United StateS Solar Star

Brazil Industrial Tree Plantations

Chile Chuquicamata

naViGation

CoUntry America Asia Europe Oceania

8 - 37 38 - 43 50 - 87 88 - 111

Australia Brazil Canada Chile China Denmark Greenland Indonesia Israel Italy Norway USA Wales

88 - 105 8 -13 14 - 19 20 - 25 38 - 43 50 - 57 26 - 31 106 -111 44 - 49 58 -75 76 - 81 32 - 37 82 - 87

Site 26 - 31

Balangero

58 - 63

Maarmorilik

Baotou

38 - 43

Mt Arthur

Beverley

88 - 93

Petralia

70 - 75

Bornholm Isle

50 - 57

Snowdonia

82 - 87

Chuquicamata

20 - 25

Solar Star

32 - 37

Coober Pedy

94 - 99

Dead Sea

44 - 49

Ekofisk

76 - 81

Fort McMurray

14 - 19

Grasberg ITPs Lardarello

106 - 111 8 - 13 64 - 69

100 - 105

denmark Bornholm

China Baotou

italy Petralia italy Lardarello

indoneSia Grasberg iSrael Dead Sea

aUStralia Coober Pedy

aUStralia Mt Arthur

aUStralia Beverley

Material Asbestos

58 - 63

Neodymium

38 - 43

Alex

Carnalite

44 - 49

Oil

76 - 81

Amalie A. F.

8 - 13

Georg

106 -111

Cerium

38 - 43

Oil Sands

14 - 19

Amalie L. B.

26 - 31

Glenn

14 -19

Opal

94 - 99

Athena

106 -111

Iben

32 -37

Pia

32- 38

Potash

44 - 49

Bodil

64 - 69

Isak

70 - 75

Perla

50 - 57

Rock Salt

70 -75

Carl

94 - 99

Janne

38 - 43

Rune

38 - 43

Slate

82 - 87

Christian

58 - 63

Johanne

58 - 63

Sarah

Uranium

88 - 93

Cordelia

94 - 99

Johann

Zinc

26 - 31

Daniel

76 - 81

Karl

Thorbjørn

82 - 87

50 - 57

Ditte

26 - 31

Katarina

14 -19

Toan

88 - 93

Lead

26 - 31

Ella

64 - 69

Kristina

8 - 13

Vetle

76 - 81

Marble

26 - 31

Emma

82 - 87

Linn

44 -49

100 - 105

Coal Copper

20 - 25, 106 - 111

Electricity Eucalyptus Pulp

32 - 37 8 - 13

Geothermal Energy 64 - 68 Gold Granite

106 - 111

50 - 57

Genevieve

44 -49

100 - 105 20 - 25

Markus

20 - 25

Martin

70 - 75

Mike

88 - 93

Thea

50 - 57 100 - 105

naViGation

aUthor

8

INDEX OF ELEMENTS

FIBRIA

BRAZIL

IS THE NUMBER ONE PRODUCER OF PULP FROM EUCALYPTUS TREES IN BRAZIL Eucalyptus was introduced to Brazil B from Australia Austral in 1910. In 1967, Fibria’s precessor (Aracruz Cellulose) established eucalyptus plantat ions in the state of o Espírito Santo, and the production has since been extended to plantations Bahia, Minas Gerais Bahia Gerais, São Paulo, Paulo Mato M Grosso do Sul and Rio de Janeiro.

SO HOW IS PULP PRODUCED? Before they are planted outside, they grow for 10-20 weeks until they reach 16 cm

Industrial Tree Plantations

S Seedlings are cultivated in c research centers

After being transported to the pulp mull, the trunks are then chipped.

The wood chips are then boiled in a digestor with white liqour (caustic soda and sodium sulfite) to extract the lignin

End product:

34 % Printing and writing

EUCALYPTUS PULP

FIBRIA exports to 38 countries:

KRISTINA + AMALIE

Finally, the pulp is dryed by draining, squeezing and evaporation. It then gets cut into pieces and shipped to paper companies worldwide.

The brown pulp is bleached and washed with chorine dioxide until white.

In 2016, FIBRIA produced 5.02 million tons of pulp:

NORTH AMERICA 22.6%

ASIA 28.7% LATIN AMERICA 9.9%

48 % Tissues

18 % Specialty papers

Net income 530 million USD (2016)

EUROPE 38.9%

= Planted forest 975,000 Hectar = Pulp mills = Ports

Most plantations are designed for mechanical harvest. The trunks are rinsed from bark and leaves and cut into pices on location

Once replanted outside, they grow until they reach 15-20 metres. 7 years.

In 2016, Fibria employed 17,000

Criticism:

Violation of indigenous people’s territorial rights

As of 2016, A FIBRIA does not hold d PEFC or FSC ce ertifications

Monoculture

MST (LLandless Workers’ Movement)

Threat to the Atlantic Rainforest

National Indian Foundation

MAP OF TERRITORY

9

Asia

SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN

EUCALYPTUS PULP

Europe

ndustrial Tree Plantations

COUNTRY BRAZIL

PULP PRODUCTOION IN ARACRUZ

FIBRIA AREAS IN ESPIRITO SANTO, BRAZIL Planted Eucalyptus

Pulp mill

Territory reclamed by Tupinika tribe

Barra do Riacho

Ocean/river

Portocel

One of FIBRIA’s four pulp mills is located in Aracruz, Espirito Santo. Eucalyptus plantations and laboratories are located in close proximity to the factory, as well as the pulp specialized port, Portocel. Since the mill started running in 1978, the population of the old fisher town Barra do Riacho grew from 600 to 10 000. In 1998, the company was forced to return 2,500 hectares of land back to the Tupinika tribe, who originally lived where the plantations are now located.

KRISTINA + AMALIE

2 km

KRISTINA

EUCALYPTUS PULP

ndustrial Tree Plantations

BRAZIL

10 MAPPING OF FLOW PRODUCTION

TERRITORY THE GAME

MAPPING OF FLOW

11

Get ready for the clash of civilizations!

PLAY

TERRITORY

COUNTRY BRAZIL

This fall

SURVIVE demonstrate

BUILD

ndustrial Tree Plantations

Plant

Based on a true story, this game depicts the conflict between the indigenous tribe tupanika and the industrial tree plantation company fibria. The two opponents fight over the territory represented by the grid on the board.

The tribe starts out living in the territory, and can buy land to expand their villages

The company can buy land or demolish villages to plant eucalyptus plantations

For every 5th plantation, the company may build 1 pulp mill in order to get income

How to play the two players each chose their part: Tribe or company. by tossing a dice, they take turn moving around the board trying to win land from eachother. Different squares represent actions the players can take in order to preserve their village or build a large pulp company:

Build

Demolish

get income

Demonstrate

EUCALYPTUS PULP

about the game

Investigate

The player who is able to conquer the entire territory and erase the other player’s livelihoods is the winner of the game!

AMALIE

the winner

KRISTINA + AMALIE

EUCALYPTUS PULP

Industrial Tree Plantations BRAZIL

12 SPATIAL SITUATIONS

KRISTINA + AMALIE

EUCALYPTUS PULP

Industrial Tree Plantations

COUNTRY BRAZIL

INHOTIM: PROTESTING AGAINST THE INDUSTRY WITH ART 13

INDEX OF ELEMENTS

FORT MCMURRAY

FORT MCMURRAY

CANADA

14

GLENN + KATARINA

OIL SANDS

20% of the oil sands is reachable by open pit mining

The remaining 80% is collected useing the insitu method

1967 First surface mine opened

1973 Middle East conflict Oil prices spike

1981 Rapid population growth due to greater funding

1986 Oil price collapse

1993 1995 Truck & Fort McMurray shovel becomes techn urban service adapted area

2001 First in situ drill

2003 Oil prices increase

2009 1600 ducks drown a�er landing in the tailingponds

2014 Slump in oil prices

2016 Wild fire

OIL SANDS

FORT MCMURRAY

COUNTRY CANADA

MAP OF TERRITORY

GLENN + KATARINA

SPREAD OF WILDFIRE 15

MAPPING OF FLOW

TEXTURE OF NATURE

KATARINA

OIL SANDS

FORT MCMURRAY

CANADA

16

TEXTURE OF NATURE

FORT MCMURRAY

CANADA COUNTRY

17

OIL SANDS

MAPPING OF FLOW

GLENN

FISH NOTATIONS IN ATHABASCA RIVER

GLENN + KATARINA

OIL SANDS

FORT MCMURRAY CANADA 18 SPATIAL SITUATIONS

19

‘PART HOTEL PART PRISON’ In 2000, about 6,000 workers lived in camps in the oilsands region of northeastern Alberta. As the influx of workers far outstripped available housing and land for development, camp populations grew to 26,300 in 2008 before hitting a pre-recession peak of 46,700 in 2014.

FORT MCMURRAY

COUNTRY CANADA

SPATIAL SITUATIONS

For these reasons workers have called it ‘part hotel part prison.

KATARINA + GLENN

The workers are only to bring their toiletries, ID, and some clothing.

There are strickt rules at the lodges, such as curfews, non-alcohol politics and visiting hours.

OIL SANDS

The page to the left is showing one of these camp lodges owned by Noralta.

It is made up by 438 modules housing 1720 worker.

20

INDEX OF ELEMENTS

CHUQUICAMATA

CHUQUICAMATA

CHILE

Chuquicamata, Chile

¡

Chuquicamata

Chuquicamata is a ghost town, located in the Atacama desert, northern Chile1. It now operates as a mining and smelting center2. It is stated to be to largest open pit mines in the world1. The mine is operated by Codelco, the largest copperproducing company in the world3. It is owned by the Chilean Government, and is responsible for 70% of the income for Chile4.

Copper Copper is one of the most useful materials in todays world5. Due to its conductivity from electricity to heat, the material is to be found everywhere from chords in the wall to kitchen utensils5. The demand for copper had a swung the later years, due to the technological progression in the world. The material is mined from rock in Earth’s crust, and furthermore meltet and processed6.

Creating huge elevation in the terrain, almost as a open wound, in the surface of the earth. Due to its aesthetically pleasing color, copper is a favourite material of artists and architects5. It is therefor arguable discussion of the mining of copper is ugly or beautiful - on aesthetically point of view.

Extraction of copper at Chuquicamata Today, Chuquicamata uses the conventional truck-and-shovel operation, where they crushes the ore within the pit7. They transport the ore with underground conveyors to mill bins7. Then a flash smelter processes the ore to concentrate, which is then passed trough a converter with electric furnace7. Furthermore, the concentrate is cleaned trough four converters and the blister copper is the sent to anode furnaces7. The anodes are sheets of 99,9% pure copper8. It is then exported all over the world.

a kilogram of copper required the extraction of 100 kilograms of rock

Environmental consequences of copper extraction The main problem for Chuquicamata, is the extraction prosess where it is produced sulphuric acid9. The air pollution containing this acid, is stated to damaging people skin, eyes and lungs and can be resulted in cholera or in some cases laryngeal cancer10. mine

In addition, the process uses a lot of water resources, which do not helping the Atacama dessert, known as the driest desert on earth, becoming more luxuriantly11.

COPPER

Furthermore the energy consumption going into the prosess of extraction copper is number three in the world, of top worst11.

Chuquicamata

Consequences for Chuquicamata Hence the results of the extraction of copper in Chuquicamata, the population of the town where forced to leave12. Crushing the ore resulting in dust flying all over town, making it impossible to breathe and see13. The air pollution made the people unhealthy, and having toxins in their lunges, which has the consequences mentioned earlier12.

The solution of Calama

KARL + MARKUS

The population of Chuquicamata moved to the town Calama, where the mayor stated that there would be a social division in a poor town(2. Whereas Calama only had one service center before the immigration of Codelco workers, it is now a modern town with hospital, school and shopping opportunities1. Therefore, it is arguable whether Calama benefited from the new population.

Future for copper mining extraction with sustainable solution Codelco have signed a contract with Jacobs, including services that will improve the mines safety and sustainability14. The engineering group will service modifications to support the operation of two new double-contact, doubleabsorption acid plants15. Moreover, Codelco is expanding with thermosolar plant, which generates more power with less CO2 emissions16. Furthermore, Codelco have planed to expand with underground mines in 20183.

Calama

21

CHUQUICAMATA

COUNTRY CHILE

MAP OF TERRITORY

copper demand population

air pollution

1+2+3+4+5

KARL + MARKUS

COPPER

depth of pit

22

MAPPING OF FLOW

RELOCATED VILLAGE

CHILE

new home Chuquicamata, Codelco

“We reduce the production, which is very damaging for Chile, or we move the people from Chuquicamata to Calma” Juan Carlos Diaz, Codelco

Mine 4 km

Codelco covered the doors and windows. They turned off the drinking water taps and electrical supply. They put up fences and the abandoned neighborhoods started to disappear under the rubble.

Chuquicamata

CHUQUICAMATA

18. 000 inhabitants

Toxins and mining waste

17 km

COPPER

2004

2008 Calama

KARL

2017

Resources: http://www.internationalboulevard.com/the-city-that-was-eaten-by-a-copper-mine/ https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/travel/the-ghost-towns-of-northern-chile/2012/10/25/fa4adad0-16e2-11e2-a55c-39408fbe6a4b_story.html?utm_term=.4c4ce7c910fa http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/2399591.stm

1+2+3

MAPPING OF FLOW

23

CHUQUICAMATA

CHILE COUNTRY

LIFECYCLE OF COPPER

transformed (0 yrs)

COPPER

smelted recycled (30+ yrs) extracted

MARKUS

Copper is stated to be one of the most sustainable material, due to the fact that it can be recycled anytime without loosing its performance1. Over the years, copper adds a patina layer - when recycled, it goes back to its original colour1.

2

24

SPATIAL SITUATIONS

KARL + MARKUS

COPPER

CHUQUICAMATA

CHILE

mine

Chuquicamata

Calama

Codelco moved the workers from Chuquicamata to Calama, but located them just outside of the city. They build houses and other buildings, such as a sports and receration center1. It is located just outside of the city, and a gated community with enterance only for the Codelco workers. The facilities is a contrast to its agricultural surroundings, created with beautiful nature in the otherwise dry dessert of Aracama2.

SPORTS AND RECREATION CENTER FOR CODELCO WORKERS

CHILE COUNTRY

25

1

roof covering parts of the backyard and rooftop terrace - 1 first floor- containing one room, inside balcony and a rooftop terrace - 2 ground floor - containing offices and an open space with high ceiling - 3 basement - containing gym and locker room - 4 columns holding the structure of the building going over through the floors - 5 glass facade - 6 steel construction - holding the glass - 7 concrete walls creating depth to the architecture - 8 columns hiding the view to Calama from the inside - 9 overhang creating an exclusive enterance - 10

CHUQUICAMATA

Valle & Cornejo Architects build in 2010 3190.0 m2

2

3

COPPER

5

4

6

7

KARL + MARKUS

9

8

10

2

AMALIE + DITTE

MARBLE, ZINC, LEAD

MAARMORILIK

GREENLAND

26 INDEX OF ELEMENTS

AMALIE + DITTE

MARBLE, ZINC, LEAD

MAARMORILIK

COUNTRY GREENLAND

MAP OF TERRITORY 27

DITTE

MARBLE, ZINC, LEAD

MAARMORILIK

GREENLAND

28 MAPPING OF FLOW TRANSFORMATION

1, 2, 3, 4

AMALIE

MARBLE, ZINC, LEAD

MAARMORILIK

GREENLAND COUNTRY

TRANSPORT MICRO/MACRO MAPPING OF FLOW

1, 2, 3, 4

29

AMALIE + DITTE

MARBLE, ZINC, LEAD

MAARMORILIK GREENLAND 30 SPATIAL SITUATIONS

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

AMALIE + DITTE

MARBLE, ZINC, LEAD

MAARMORILIK

GREENLAND COUNTRY

TRANSFORMATION OF MATERIAL 31

MAPPING OF FLOW

IMPACTING ELEMENTS

USA

34

TECHNOLOGY

SOIL STERALIZATION

SE

M

IC ON

DU

ON

ED

SE

CT OR

IR

EC TIO

N

M

DU

ADDITION OF STABILIZING LAYERS OF GRAVEL AND CONCRETE

JU

_

NC TIO

CT OR

ELECRICAL CIRCUIT

N

+

AFTER CONSTRUCTION THE AREA WAS RESEEDED WITH NATVE VEGETATION TO MEET ENVIROMENTAL CRITERIAS ELECTRICITY IS THE ORGANIZED FLOW OF ELECTRONS. SEMICONDUCTOR LAYERS RELEASE ELECTRONS WHEN EXPOSED TO PHOTONS

15 FULL TIME JOBS

BARREN FARMLAND DUSTSTORMS

SOLAR STAR

IC ON

DESERT LAND PRIME FARMLAND

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

ELECTRICITY

4,8

4,7

4,9

5,3

5,1

4,9

4,5

RADIATION 275 DAYS A YEAR

ELEMENTS IMPACTING THE POWER FLOW

792M HIGH DESERT

3506M

LOCAL IMPACTS OF THE POWER FLOW

RAIN SHADOW EFFECT

IBEN

CAN CAUSE 1-6% LOSS IN PRODUCTION

REMOVAL OF SOIL AND VEGETATION CAUSE HABITAT LOSS AN D WILDLIFE MORTALITY .

4,0

3,8

4,2

4,5 4,8 MPH

SOLAR STAR

COUNTRY USA

35

ELECTRICITY

MAPPING OF FLOW

PIA

TRANSFERRING ENERGY

IBEN + PIA ELECTRICITY

SOLAR STAR USA

36 SPATIAL SITUATIONS

IBEN + PIA

ELECTRICITY

SOLAR STAR

COUNTRY USA

SPATIAL LAYOUT 37

3838

INDEX OF ELEMENTS

RARE EARTH METALS MONAZITE MINING

CHINA

BASTNÄSITE MINING

The world´s biggest bastnäsite deposit and mine at Bayan Obo

MINE

The mining of rare earth metals in the world

Open pit mining

ton

time

1400 000

Bastnäsite period

1200 000

China

1000 000

US

Others

800 000 600 000

Monasite period

400 000 200 000

Content of bastnäsite Gd 0,8%

BAOTOU

Pr 5,0%

Sm 1,6%

Y 0,2%

0

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000 000

2010 0 0

Other rare e earth metals 1,3%

Nd 18,0% Ce 50,1%

La 23,0%

Bastnäsite

Monazite

PROCESSING FACTORY

RARE EARTH METALS

Cerium

Neodymium

MARKET

Ce sold on Shanghai rare earth metals market

Nd sold on Shanghai rare earth metals market

PRODUCT FACTORY

Ce is used in smartphones, television glass, tablets and catalytic car converters ect.

JANNE+ RUNE

PRODUCTS

Nd is used in lasers, magnets and glass ect.

STORE

CONSUMER 7R[LF ZDVWH ODNH DW %DRWRX 5DUH (DUWK 0LQHUDO 5HÀQHU\

RARE EARTH METALS

BAOTOU

CHINA

MAP OF TERRITORY

JANNE + RUNE

RARE EARTH METALS 39

4040

MAPPING OF FLOW

THE FLOW OF TIME

T H E F L O W O F T I M E - from the birth of the universe until now in a year

CHINA

T I M E - G E O L O G Y - R A R E E A R T H M E TA L S - M I N E R A L S - M I N I N G

January 1st 00.00.00.001 Big bang

JAN

FEB

MAR APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT NOV

DEC

August 31st 07.48.00.000 The solar system and the rare earth metals was formed in a supernova explosion Supernova explosion

September 1st 15.49.58.60 The Earth was formed

BAOTOU

September 28th 07.52.19.072 First life on Earth began November 24th 15.57.36.052 until December 21st 07.23.54.076 Bastnäsite and monazite were formed December 31st 23.56.10.058 First homo Sapiens (modern man) December 31st 23.59.59.047 Y was discovered

RARE EARTH METALS

December 31st 23.59.59.051 Ce was discovered December 31st 23.59.59.059 Bastnäsite was discovered La was discovered Pr was discovered

DEC. 31st 00.00 - 00.59 01.00 - 01.59 02.00 - 02.59 03.00 - 03.59 04.00 - 04.59 05.00 - 05.59 06.00 - 06.59 07.00 - 07.59 08.00 - 08.59 09.00 - 09.59 10.00 - 10.59 11.00 - 11.59 12.00 - 12.59 13.00 - 13.59 14.00 - 14.59 15.00 - 15.59 16.00 - 16.59 17.00 - 17.59 18.00 - 18.59 19.00 - 19.59 20.00 - 20.59 21.00 - 21.59 22.00 - 22.59 23.00 - 23.59

Rare earth metals

December 31st 23.59.59.060 Er was discovered Tb was discovered December 31st 23.59.59.068 Tm was discovered Sm was discovered Sc was discovered Gd was discovered Monazite was discovered December 31st 23.59.59.070 Nd was discovered Dy was discovered

23.59 23.56

23.00

00.00

23.59.59

The earth was formed 23.59.00

00.00.00

December 31st 23.59.59.071 Eu was discovered

JANNE

December 31st 23.59.59.074 Pm was discovered

23.59.59.081 23.59.59.074

December 31st 23.59.59.075 Lu was discovered December 31st 23.59.59.081 The Bayan Obo deposit was discovered December 31st 23.59.59.091 Mining at Bayan Obo started

23.59.59.070 23.59.59.060 23.59.59.051

Monazite and bastnäsite were formed 23.59.59.000

23.59.59.047 23.59.59.059 23.59.59.068 23.59.59.071

24.00.00.000 23.59.59.091

23.59.59.075

Bayan Obo mining

NEODYMIUM MAGNETS

MAPPING OF FLOW

41

RARE EARTH METALS RUNE

Baotou

BAOTOU

CHINA

Flow to make neodymium magnet´s

4242

SPATIAL SITUATIONS

RARE EARTH METALS

BAOTOU

CHINA

A P P L E S TO R E - F i f t h A v e n u e , N e w Yo r k

JANNE + RUNE

Apple store scale 1:200

Humans in relation to the store and the city

43

CHINA

THE STORE IN RELATION TO THE CITY

Durring the day the glass cube lets daylight down into the store scale 1:500

The light from the store lights up the surroundings through the glass cube in the night scale 1:500

JANNE + RUNE

The city goes up - the store goes down

RARE EARTH METALS

BAOTOU

The glass cube makes the store visible from a distance - from here is it visible.

4444

INDEX OF ELEMENTS

DEAD SEA + MINERALS FOR FERTILIZERS

-430 depth (m) 306 grams of salt per liter water 330

ISRAEL

elevation (m)

EVAPORATION PONDS

ENVIRONMENT 9

The average temperature of the area is 35 degrees Celsius with an annual rainfall level of 50mm. Due the continuous supply of Dead Sea water that is needed for the production of Potash and the lack of efficient inlets, the Dead Sea is shrinking in size at an alarming rate.8

SINKHOLES

Additionally, sinkholes are forming at the rim of the Dead Sea as the water table advances and dissolves some of the underground 8 formations, resulting in sinkholes.

10

ISRAEL CHEMICALS LTD. PLANT

DEAD SEA

PRODUCTION OF POTASH

6

Thousands of years of dry climate and a high evaporation rate have left the Dead Sea and surrounds incredibly rich in salt minerals in the form of Carnallite deposits.

CARNALITE

Dredgers remove the carnallite by suctioning the deposits from the base of the evaporation ponds and transporting the material back to the factory plants.

The Dead Sea sits in the Jordan Valley rift system between the African and Arabian tectonic plates.

EXTRACTION 1 3

At the plant, the carnallite undergoes a hot and cold leach-crystallisation process and precipitates as potash. Potash is a salt compound that contains potassium in water-soluble form.

POTASH 4

The potash is then distributed worldwide as fertilizer. The salt form of potassium improves plant resilience and assists it in its physiological functions. 4

GEOLOGICAL FORMATION

CARNALITE - POTASH

2

The two plates are undergoing a process called ‘fault block rifting’ which is resulting in an ever-widening fissure causing the mineral sediments of the sea to fall further into the fault wedge.

1

The Dead Sea was previously supplied with water from the Mediterranean but as the Jodran valley mountains were uplifted, the water supply was cut off. This in combination with thousands of years of evaporation has left the dead sea rich in mineral deposits. 1

11

FERTILIZER 5

7

GENEVIEVE + LINN

EXPORTS OF POTASH FROM THE DEAD SEA 2017)

Afr

ica

nP la

te Ara

bia

Jordan Valley Rift System1

nP late

Sea Level

MAP OF TERRITORY

45

ISRAEL

WATER + PRODUCTION + EXPORT

13

6

0 20

8

9 19

2 x 10 9m/3 y

3

mm/y 100

88

19

1

1972 -392m 986 km2 2013 -427m 812 km2 2017 -420m 605 km22

DEAD SEA

20

2

CARNALITE - POTASH

7 19 5h

6

21 6

7t on nes

8 9

12 44

00

0t on n

es

14 50

-2 021

21 87

201 8

4

20 0

ton

nes

00

0t on nes

21 55 414 ton nes

5

1 : 1 500 000

GENEVIEVE + LINN

7

MAPPING OF FLOW

THE POLITICS OF THE DEAD SEA

ISRAEL

4646

1930 1952 1956

2017

Kal

Dead Sea Works (ICL)

Israel

1956

an

d jor

ns Tra

Pales tin

e

DEAD SEA

0

3 19

ia Bea Touris ch t Destin ation

Arab P Comp otash any

Jorda

n

e tin Co. les Pa tash Po

2017

l ae Isr

e tin les Pa e tin Co. les Pa tash Po

A r Co ab P mp ot an ash y

el

1930

Isr a

De Se ad Wo a rks

l

ae

Isr

an

rd

Jo e

tin

les

Pa

1952

CARNALITE - POTASH

56

19 52

19

GENEVIEVE

e

tin

les

Pa

an

Jo rd

1930

1952

Palestine Potash Company (PPC) was a precursor of Dead Sea Works and was founded by Polish engineer Moshe Novomeysky. It had two potash processing plants, one located on the north shore of the Dead Sea at Kalia and one on the rim of the southern Basin at Sodom.

After the UN’s mandated partition of Israel and Palestine the state of Israel established Dead Sea Works Ltd. (DSW) and acquired all property previously owned by Palestine Potash Company.

It was a state-owned enterprise and based its operations at the southern plant at Sodom.

The company was under British Mandate and its board of directors and marketing departments were all located in London. Palestine Potash Co. supplied half of Britain’s potash demand during WWII; potash was used as fuel for combat.

In 1968, Israel Chemicals Ltd. (ICL) was created to group all of the mineral companies owned by the Israeli Government. In 1975 ICL absorbed Dead Sea Works.

During the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, both PPC plants were made neutral zones until May 22, 1948 when a Jordanian legion destroyed the northern plant at Kalia. Palestine Potash Co later became victim to the separation of Palestine and Israel.

2

Shareholders of Israel Chemicals Ltd.(2017)3

Institutions & Public 40%

Israel Corp 46%

1956

The Arab Potash Company (APC) was established in 1956 as a pan-Arab public shareholding enterprise. It is based in Ghor Al Safi just below the Jordanian half of the southern basin of the Dead Sea. In 1958 the Government of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan granted APC exclusive rights to extract and market minerals from the dead sea for 100 years.

4

PotashCorp 28%

Shareholders of Arab Potash Co.(2017)5.

Social Security Corp 5% Islamic Development Bank, Jeddah 5% Iraqi Government 5%

1

Libyan Company for Foreign Investment 4% Kuwait Invesment Authority 4% Other 2%

Potash Corp 14%

Arab Mining Co. 20% Jordan Ministry of Finance 27%

2017

Israel Chemicals Ltd. (ICL) and by extension Dead Sea Works, as an enterprise started by the Israeli Government, pays approximately $200 million in royalties to the government on top of $300 million in annual income tax. ICL, unlike Arab Potash Co, does not sell its potash through one of the two major mineral marketing cartels.

The ebbing shores of the Dead Sea are costing Israel around $60 million annually in tourism revenue.

6

The Arab Potash Company (APC) was created with Jordan’s foreign policy goals in mind, primarily to maintain good relations with Saudi Arabia and Libya. Governments of both of these currently hold shares in APC. Additionally, PotashCorp holds a large portion of shares (28%) in APC. APC is affiliated with Canpotex, one of the two main mineral marketing cartels and sells their potash export through Canpotex.

5

EGYPT

JORDAN

-4 400

-3 300 0

-200

-100

570 million m3 2

3

2

DEAD SEA

Salinity: 337g/L 2 Area: 605 km

DEAD SEA

PALESTINE

3

RAINFALL ~100 mm / year

JORDAN

desalination

pump stations for transport of desalinated water

3

ISRAEL

270 million m

JO

AN D R

4

R VE RI

1948

N

YA R

Salinity: 28g/L 2 Area: 166 km

UK

R

RI VE

LAKE KINNERET

ISRAEL

- built in 1964 for transport of potable water 3 - capacity of 1.7 million m/day 3 - Israel transfer 50 million m annually to Jordan (as a result of the 1994 Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace)

Israel National Water Carrier

Salinity: 38g/L 2 Area: 2500000 km

5

MEDITERREANEAN

Syrian territory under Israeli occupation 1967-

CARNALITE - POTASH

1

construction by Jordan government 2017 - 2022 - prevent further degredation of the Dead Sea - generate hydropower and desalinated water for Jordan Rift Valley - promote regional stability and peacebuilding

Red Sea - Dead Sea Water Conveyance

0

Golan Heights

MAPPING OF FLOW

LINN

Salinity: 41g/L 2 Area: 438000 km

RED SEA

salt water pump station

EVAPORATION ~ 2 x 10 m / year

9

100

ISRAEL

LEBANON

mete me ters erss bel e ow w sea a level evvel el

CIRCULATION AND LEVELS OF WATER 47

SYRIA

SPATIAL SITUATIONS The Naharayim Hydroelectric power plant was founded by Pinhas Rutenberg in 1932.

Located in Mandatory Palestine, what today is on the current border between Israel and Jordan intersecting the Yarmouk River, the power station supplied the Jordan River Valley with electricity up until the 1948 Palestine War. Pinhas Rutenberg, engineer and founder of Palestine Electric Company (Israel Electric Company) commissioned the architect Erich Mendelsohn to design the power station but later modified the drawings to his own standard.

Pinhas Rutenberg built power stations in Tel Aviv, Haifa and Tiberias during this time period in collaboration with the architects Benjamin Orell, Richard Kaufmann, Alexander Baerwald, Josef Berlin and Erich Mendelsohn.

LAKE KINNARET YARMOUK RIVER

LAKE KINNARET

ISRAEL

4848

JORDAN RIVER

JORDAN RIVER

“WHITE HOUSE” IN TEL-OR COMPANY VILLAGE

NAHARAYIM TRAIN STATION

AD

SEA

NAHARAYIM HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT

DE

GENEVIEVE + LINN

CARNALITE - POTASH

DEAD SEA

DEAD SEA

�

GENEVIEVE + LINN

CARNALITE - POTASH

DEAD SEA

ISRAEL

� SECTION 1:200

THE NAHARAYIM HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT 49

YARMOUK RIVER

INDEX OF ELEMENTS

ITALY

5050

HEALTH AND RESOURCES OVER TIME

2

3

2

BALANGERO

4

6

7

5

ASBESTOS

10

8

11

9

3

3

CHRISTIAN + JOHANNE

14

15

16 1 12 13

11

1

1

11

9

MAP OF TERRITORY

51

ITLAY

ASBESTOS AFFECTS AND FLOWS

3

BALANGERO

1

1

3

ASBESTOS

5

6

2

8

4

1

CHRISTIAN + JOHANNE

8 7

MAPPING OF FLOW

REMEDIATION OF LANDFILLS

ITALY

5252

CHRISTIAN

ASBESTOS

BALANGERO

1

Asbestos transportation through water "TCFTUPT mMUSBUJPO

MAPPING OF FLOW

53

ASBESTOS

BALANGERO

ITALY

LOCAL AND GLOBAL CHANGE

2

2+3

4+5

JOHANNE

1

CHRISTIAN + JOHANNE

ASBESTOS

BALANGERO

ITALY

5454 SPATIAL SITUATIONS

1

1

2

1+2

3

4

ASBESTOS

4

BALANGERO

ITLAY

4

CHRISTIAN + JOHANNE

THE ASBESTOS FACTORY 55

4

4

5

4

BODIL + ELLA

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

LARDERELLO

ITALY

5656 INDEX OF ELEMENTS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

LARDERELLO

ITALY

MAP OF TERRITORY

BODIL + ELLA

FLOW OF KNOWLEDGE 57

SPATIAL SITUATIONS

Timeline of Bell-Towers Church designs by the architect Giovanni Michelucci, one of the major Italian modern architects of the 20th century

ITALY

6060

1

2

1951-52 Chiesa dei Santi Pietro e Girolamo, Pistoia

1954-55 Chiesa della Beata Maria Vergine, Larderello

3

4

1954-55 Chiesa della Sato Maria e Tecla, Pistoia

1967 Chiesa di San Giovanni Battista, Arzigano

LARDERELLO

L

Stained glass window, a traditional quality of the catholic church, and the plaza - as elements creating a social gathering in the community of the industrial village.

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

Church designed for a village of 5000 people, now only 300 remaining

chu

rch

entr

anc

e

K

The Church of Larderello is a part of the masterplan of the industrial village, designed by Giovanni Michelucci. Through the unfolding of the church we show that it was and still is an important part of the community and what makes a village life in Italy.

The narrative points out the functions of dailylife in present Larderello, and enlightens Micheluccis influence on the city.

Cooperativa Giovane Idea (S.R.L.) Gardening-centre Piazza Leopolda, 56044 Larderello PI, Italy

orts

Chiesa della Beata Maria Vergine

J

towards sp

BODIL + ELLA

7

CHIESA DELLA BEATA MARIA VERGINE

61

J Piscine, Swimminghall Stadio Florentina, football-field

ITALY

K

L H

C B

A

I

5

E

D

A

F

1960-64 Chiesa di San Giovanni Battista, Firenze

G

6

Museo della Geotermia, Geothermal energy museum

B

LARDERELLO

SCL Italia S.p.A. Chemical-fabric-museum

Apartment complexes - facing away from industry and towards the valley

Urban plan by Giovanni Michelucci scale 1 : 1000

Housing for workers, as a party of the urban planning by Michelucci Via Fascetti, 23, 56044 Larderello PI, Italy C

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

Small apartment-complex Via Fascetti, 13, 56044 Larderello PI, Italy

Small apartment-complex facing the Church Via Alessandro Pacinotti, 3, 56044 Larderello PI, Italy D

E

Small apartment-complex Via Alessandro Pacinotti, 7, 56044 Larderello PI, Italy

F

ards

Coop supermarket Open 08:00 - 12:30, 17:00 - 19:30, closed sundays Via Renato Fucini, 5, 56044 Larderello PI, Italy

indu

stry

Cinema Teatro Florentina Office hours, 09:00 - 13:00, mon-fri Via Renato Fucini, 56044 Larderello PI, Italy

G

La Terrazza Bar/pub - Casual, cozy, unformal Via Renato Fucini, 19, 56044 Larderello PI, Italy

tow

ard

sc

en

tru

m

Giornali e Tabacchi H Newspaper stand Via Renato Fucini, 23, 56044 Larderello PI, Italy

Cassa di Risparmio di Volterra Spa, Bank / ATM Via Renato Fucini, 11, 56044 Larderello PI, Italy

I

BODIL + ELLA

tow

6262

INDEX OF ELEMENTS

ITALKALI

Asia 46% South America 4%

PETRALIA SOPRANA

ITALY SICILY

North America 22% Europe 22%

privatly held

2017

Middle east, Africa 6%

Salt usage

List of regions by salt demand 327 million tonnes total demand

Chemical

2015 2014

Industrial Food

2

67

owned by the Silican state

Above

milion â‚Ź of sale in 2015

2 000 000 TONNES Production capicity

2012

1

List of countries by salt export

List of countries by salt production

4

ITALKALI is founded

1980 The salt extraction in Soprana is modernized and from now on

The whole production takes place under ground;

China U.S. India Germany Canada Australia Mexico Chile Netherlands Brazil Ukraine France U.K. Poland Spane Turkey Egypt Italy Iran Others

the salt sees the light again after

3

6 million years

only when the package is opened.

1972

Salt production in Petralia Soprana Petralia Soprana salt mine is owned by Italkali

The whole production including packaging takes place ounderground.

Most commond ways of extracting sallt Vacuum Salt

Italkalis mines covers more than

70 kilometers

underground tunnels

ted por ans le r t s i c salt edo The o Emp t Por

Main resource: land & fresh water

by

ks truc

r to

ove

Energy: Fossil fuel bio mass & electricity (evaporation & transport)

ROCK SALT

Solar Salt

Main resource: Land & seawater

Porto Empedocleis is the managed loading terminal, with its 20.000 sq.m of warehouse and an automatic loading system, loads all the ships for both the Italian and overseas markets.

Energy: solar, wind electricity & fuel. (processing & transport).

Rock salt

Italkalis distribution Italy Abroad Sicily

ISAK + MARTIN

Main resource: land Energy: electricity, fuel prossesing & transport.

It’s most likely SALT that brought the Sicani people to Petralia Soprana over 3000 years ago.

Signs of salt mining in Azerbaijan

5

1 000 B.C

6

5 000 B.C

6 000 000 B.C

The salt is stored in the mines for 6 milon years

MAP OF TERRITORY

63 SICILY, ITALY

THE SALT OF PETRALIA

Division of workers in Soprana

PETRALIA SOPRANA

Petralia Soprana Section A

3

Racalmuto

Solar salt pans

2 t 6 min (121 km)

Realmonte Porto Empedocleis

Halite and potash salt No vacuume salt production in Sicily Sicily 6% Italy 72%

1, 2

Abroad 22%

Seawater is brought in from the ocean by wind.

Water evaporates

The salt in the water begins to sedimate, layer upon layer.

The first to preciptate was the less soulble salts, limestone and gypsumm. Then a lence of rocksalt is formed.

This process goes on and on for milions of years.

What makes the salt in Petrilia Soprana spesial is the exeptional purity of the salt, wich makes one think that there were pre-existing salt deposits which the geological events of the island dissolved, shifted and re-crystallised outside the area of its first formation. This means that nature did by itself what man must do with sea salt; remove the gypsum and limestone detritus deposited with the salt.

In 1972 the mining in Petralia Soprana is streamlined.

ROCK SALT

1: 1 500 000

6 000 000 B.C.

The Sale di Sicilia salt sees the light again after 6 million years only upon the opening of the package.

2017

1, 4

ISAK + MARTIN

Section A

PETRALIA SOPRANA

SICILY, ITALY

6464

MAPPING OF FLOW

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

INVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

Carbon footprint

1

2, 3

4, 5

ISAK

ROCK SALT

62

6

EXCAVATORS

MAPPING OF FLOW

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

65 SICILY, ITALY

Extraction Excavator Corporation Components Countries

Siton EBH45Y Operating 24 hours a day

1. Drilling

2. Carving

Sicily - Rock salt mines

Petralia Soprana

Catepillar 325E

PETRALIA SOPRANA

6 .Scaling Sandvik DD2710 Operating 24 hours a day

Catepillar MD5075

Racalmuto Realmonte

5. Reinforce

1

Catepillar PM102

3. Blasting/drilling Sandvik MR341 Operating 24 hours a day

4. Mucking

Catepillar 350G Komatsu PC210

GHH LF4 Operating 24 hours a day

Corporations manufacturing excavators GHH Fahrzeuge GmbH is a German corporation founded in 1964 in Gelsenkirchen, Germany. Production site: Germany. 3

Sandvik is a corporation founded in 1862 in Stockholm, Sweden. Production site: China and India. 4

Jiangxi Siton Manufacturing Co., Ltd. is a Chinesse corporation founded in 1992 in Jiangxi. Production site: China. 5

Komatsu Limited is a Japanesse corporation founded in 1921 in Tokyo, Japan.

Production site: Japan. 6

63

ROCK SALT

Catepillar Inc. is an American corporation founded in 1925 in California. Production sites: Sweden, Germany, Italy, China, India, Australia and South Africa. 2

Iron ore trade

Export 2%

Canada 3%

Germany 4% import Japan 13% Import

6%

China 59% import

South Korea 5% Import

Exp

ort

Taiwan 2% Import India 9%

7

Major iron ore importers: China 59% Japan 13% South Korea 5% Germany 4% Taiwan 2%

South Africa 4%

Export 22%

35%

Australia 38%

ort

%

2 rt

po

Ex

MARTIN

Major iron ore exporters: Australia 38% Brazil 29% India 9% South Africa 4% Canada 3%

Brazil 29% Exp

% = Share in global iron ore seaborne trade.

95% of global iron ore trade is seaborne.

3DFLĆ“F WUDGH DQG $WODQWLF WUDGH China is the main importer of iron ore.

%

8 rt

po

Ex

SPATIAL SITUATIONS

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

SICILY, ITALY

6666

N

Se

cti

PETRALIA SOPRANA

on

S

E

64

ROCK SALT

1:500

1:500

W

1

ISAK + MARTIN

The salt shed has a capacity to hold 5000 tonnes of salt used for road salting. Rock salt is transported in to the harbour by cargo ships. The shed is loaded by trucks with salt.

When temperature falls excavators loads the salt spreaders to secure the roads.

1:200 2, 3

67

ROCK SALT USED FOR ROAD SALTING

SICILY, ITALY

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

t tS es W S

t

e Stre

PETRALIA SOPRANA

g prin

Canal St

Ma n

ha tta n

East Harlem Salt Shed

Spring Street Salt Shed

65

Peck Slip Salt Shed

The Spring St Salt Shed is one out of 44 sheds in New York City and covers just over two percentage of the total salt storage.

4

40 C

The roof collects rainwater which is stored in silos. The water is used for maintenance.

Due to the central location and the comunity effort was put in to Spring Street Salt Sheds design. It is designed and shaped just like the product it holds: a grain of salt.

The salt shed is used mainly during winter (Oct-Mar).

30 C

20 C

10 C

0C

-10 C JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

5

NOV

DEC

The building is made of precast concreet elements. 41 percent recycled material.

ISAK + MARTIN

Sunset Park Salt Shed

ROCK SALT

Brooklyn Navy Yard Salt Shed

EKOFISK

NORWAY

6868

DANIEL & VETLE

OIL

66

INDEX OF ELEMENTS

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

NORWEGIAN ADVENTURE

INFRASTRUCTURE

MAP OF TERRITORY

M“

IN

E�

OIL F

ROM

“GYD A�

GAS FROM OI

�

LA “U

2/4 K

E�

IP TP TA “S

M RO

platform

M RO

LF

A�

YD “G

housing

STATPIPE

SF GA

M RO SF GA

7/11A

� ¡ � ¡ ¾1 ¾( drilling, pro duction and

A

“M

UL

M

GA SF RO

RO

M RO

UL

LF

SF

A�

GA

OI

� ¡ � ¡ ¾1 drilling, wat ¾( er injectio n and

housing plat

form

2/4 E

� ¡ � ¡ ¾1 ¾( drilling, pro duction and

2/4 B

� ¡ � ¡ ¾1

Âľ( drilling, production and hou

sing pla

1/6 A

� ¡ � ¡ ¾1 ¾( housing platform

69

NORWAY

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

platform

2/4 S

NF

2/4 F

� ¡ � ¡ ¾1 drilling, pro ¾( duction and hou

housing

tform

riser plat form

2/4 R

� ¡ � ¡ ¾1 ¾(

� ¡ ¾1 � ¡ riser plat ¾( form

sing platform

2/4 P

� ¡

� ¡ ¾1 ¾( pump plat form

2/4 T

� ¡ � ¡ ¾1 drilling, pro ¾( duction

2/4 G

and housing

� ¡ ¾1 � storage tank ¡ ¾( and proces sing plan

EKOFISK CENTER

� ¡

r platform

Âľ1

transport � ¡ ¾( and proces sing platform

t

� ¡ � ¡ ¾1 riser plat ¾( form

platform

2/4 J

compresso

2/4 H

� ¡ � ¡ ¾1 housing plat ¾( form

2/4 X

� ¡ ¾1 � ¡ ¾(

2/4 Q

drill and

� ¡ ¾1 � ¡ ¾( housing platform

wellhead

2/4 Z

2/4 M

platform

produc tion and

wellhead plat

form

process

platform

2/4 FTP

� ¡ � ¡ ¾1 ¾( manufac turing plat form

2/4 W

� ¡ � ¡ ¾1 ¾( water inje ction

2/4 L

housing and

field center

SF 2/4 A

2/7 C

� ¡ � ¡ ¾1 production ¾( and housing

� ¡ ¾1 � ¡

2/7 B

Âľ( drilling, pro duction and

� ¡

� ¡ ¾1 drilling, pro ¾( duction and

platform

housing

housing

platform

platform

EKOFISK

2/4 D

2/4 C

� ¡ ¾1 � ¡ ¾( drilling, production and

Norpipe B1

1

platform

� ¡ ¾1 � ¡

Âľ( kompresso rplattform

Norpipe 37

/4 A 2/7 A

/22 A

� ¡ � ¡ ¾1 ¾( drilling, pro duction and

housing

platform

2/7 FTP

67

� ¡ ¾1 � proces¡ ¾( sing pla tform

Norpipe H

2/7 E

� ¡ ¾1 � ¡

� ¡ � ¡ ¾1 ¾( water inje ction plat form

2/7 D

� ¡ ¾1 �

controlled

M L

AL

Co2 o2

C at-

cat

che

r-c

o2

polu

tion

Bo

atform Co2 - Pl

S-

GA

2-

L/ OI

Pla

ry

Co

OIL

�

LL

HA

AL “V

LH VA

M

TEESIDE (UK)

RO

RO

LF

OI

platform

SF

wellhead

GA

¡ unmanned ¾( and remote

17

Âľ( kompresso rplattform

e fin

Re

tfor

EMDEN (DE)

m

water injection

&R LQMHFWLRQ

OIL PUMPING

water injection

OIL PUMPING

OIL PUMPING

Co2- reservoir

DANIEL & VETLE

Norpipe 36

� ¡ � ¡ ¾1 ¾( pumping station

� ¡ ¾1 � ¡ pumping ¾( station

EKOFISK

NORWAY

7070

DANIEL

OIL

68

MAPPING OF FLOW

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

TRANSPORTATION OF OIL

OFFSHORE STORAGE

MAPPING OF FLOW

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

71

30 m betongdekk dekker ca. 61 % av tankarealet 20 m ståldekk dekker hele tankarealet

· Motta olje og gass fra plattformene Ekofisk 2/4 R, 2/4 FTP og 2/4 G. · Separere olje, gass og vann.

Bølgebrytervegg 290.000 tonn (inkl. 45.000 ballast) Diameter = 89 m Høyde = 90 m

· Overføre den separerte oljen til Ekofisk 2/4 P for pumping til Teesside i England. · Lagre opptil 1.000.000 fat olje i lagertanken.*)

900.000 tonn (inkl. 600.000 ballast) Utvendig diameter= 140 m Innvendig diameter= 125 m Høyde = 106

· Tørke og duggpunktstabilisere den separerte gassen.

NORWAY

Prosessen på Ekofisk 2/4 T utførte de følgende operasjoner:

Lager Tank Lagre opptil 1.000.000 fat olje

· Pumpe den tørre gassen til Emden i Tyskland via plattformen Ekofisk 2/4 R. · Behandle forurenset vann som var avskilt under separasjonsprosessen.

Seperasjons anlegge

der olje, gass og vann blir seperert før det videre sendes

1

EKOFISK

Kapasitet til å ta imot en produksjon på 350.000 fat råolje i døgnet pumpekapasiteten ut fra tanken skulle være 720.000 fat i døgnet.

2

Bygge proses av Betong Platformen Ekkofisk 2/4 J Bølgebrytern og Tankene Jåttvågen Stavanger

3

14. mai 1971 inngikk Phillipsgruppen kontrakt med det franske selskapet C. G. Doris om bygging av en lagertank i betong for Ekofisk-feltet.

4

C. G. Doris tatt kontakt med det norske entreprenørselskapet Ing. F. Selmer for å få et uforpliktende prisoverslag på betongarbeidet i en slik tank (Ingeniør F. Selmer A/S

Ekofisk 2/4 Tanken Blir Slept Fra stavanger til Ekofisk Feltet

69

jåttvågen

5

11

6 Ekofisk Beskytelsesvegg Blir fabrikert og montert på grunn av innsynking på 6 meter av Ekofisk 2/4 T

7

12

OIL

Ekofisk Tanken plasert på Felte Med Modulene på plass

Selskapet ble regnet som Norges mest erfarne innen glideforskalingsteknikk

8 Ekofisk 2/4 T står helt ferdig Koblet til Ekofisk senteret med brooverganger

jåttvågen

Utvalg byggeplass for Ekofisk 2/4 T. på grunn av behov for dypt vann på over 50 meter

Singel & Grussenteret Utvalgt til og levere 120.000 kubikkmeter Sand

9 Ekofisk Beskytelses vegg

Utvalgt til og Pefabrikere Betongen

Spencon

Utvalgt til og Pefabrikere Betongen

Norsk Hammerverk

10

Utvalgt til og levere 5.000 tonn armeringsstål

VETLE

O C Østraadt As

EKOFISK

NORWAY

7272

DANIEL & VETLE

OIL

70

SPATIAL SITUATIONS

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

EKOFISK

NORWAY

73

71

OIL

OFFSHORE HOTEL

DANIEL & VETLE

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

SNOWDONIA

WALES

7474

EMMA + THORBJØRN

SLATE

72

INDEX OF ELEMENTS

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

BLAENAU FFESTINIOG TO PORTMADOG

MAP OF TERRITORY

75

SNOWDONIA

WALES

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

France Ireland United States England Germany

EMMA + THORBJØRN

SLATE

73

SNOWDONIA

WALES

7676

EMMA

SLATE

74

MAPPING OF FLOW

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER STATION

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Y FRO GYMRAEG

MAPPING OF FLOW

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

77

Y FRO GYMRAEG THE HE WELSH LANGUAGE GE EA AREA AR R 7,3 5

km

language industry preservation disconnection identity y iaith diwydiant ceidwad datgysylltiadol ado unrhywdeb y deb eb b

WALES

Bethesda

0 km 21,5

Dinorwig km

48

, 10

17 ,06

Nantlle n

km

The welsh language Cymraeg had become a minority language by 1911, spoken by 43,5% of the population.

Today only 19% speaks the language.

However, the language remains alive in North Wales where the slate industry took place. This heartland is reffered to as y fro Gymraeg, the Welsh language area.

While the capital Cardiff remains an expanding modern metropolis, y fro Gymraeg is characterized by the monumental remnants of an industrial society. Even though the economy of this area has shifted from extraction to attraction, the Welsh identity is intact to this day, with a society functioning on a near monolingual basis.

1

19,7 4 km

SNOWDONIA

2

Blaenauu Ffestiniog Ffes g

Bethesda

Bethesda

Bethesda

Dinorwig Nantlle Blaenau Ffestiniog

Dinorwig Nantlle Blaenau Ffestiniog

Dinorwig Nantlle Blaenau Ffestiniog

75 2001

2011

Cardiff Caerdydd dy

Cardiff Caerdydd dy

Cardiff a dy ardiff Caerdydd

linguistic ieithyddol Welsh

25 - 50

50 - 80 3

80 + % population that speaks Welsh poblogaeth sy’n siarad Cymraeg e

4

mutation cyfnewidiad Cymraeg contemporary

native tongue

cyfiaith contemporary

1188

Kembraec

1400

chyfeith

1400

gymraec

1400

kyfyeith

1546

kymraeg

1632

cyfiaith

1567

gymraeg

1938

Gyfiaith

1587

Gymraeg

1740

Cymraeg

5

7

TOHRBJØRN

0 - 20

SLATE

1961

6

8

SPATIAL SITUATIONS

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

WALES

7878

SNOWDONIA

Plan 1:500

4 5

76

1. NW entrance 2. Waste disposal cart route 3. Remains of slate saws 4. Main chimney 5. Secondary chimney 6. Waste disposal ramps 7. NE entrance

EMMA + THORBJØRN

SLATE

3

1

2

WHAT REMAINS

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

WALES

cope second lift face stone/ couurse

thhroughstone

hearthing/ pinniings

79

7

footing

SW isometric view 1:100

6

SNOWDONIA

Dry stone method

NE isometric view 1:200

EMMA + THORBJØRN

SLATE

77

INDEX OF ELEMENTS

PROCESSES IN GEOLOGICAL CONTEXT

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

DENMARK

50.000

BORNHOLM

110

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

area of extraction 2 / m2

120 / depth of quarry 2 / m

8080

quarry / opening date 1 klippeløkken / 1821 stubbeløkken (rønne) / 1824

moseløkken / 1870 IBNNFSWɟLLFU 1873

vang / 1893

78

0

-5

5

10

15

20

25

30 / temperature 3 / °C

GRANITE

paradisbakkerne / 1912

december

1971

november october september

1990

august

1995

july june

2017

closing date

april

february

0

20

40

60

4

80

january

average rainfall 3 / mm

march 50.000 / population

ALEX + SARAH + PERLA

may

2

MAP OF TERRITORY

Swed en

D gen, enha

Ystad ,

Cop ark enm

Storstrømsbroen / Sjælland, Denmark /1937

81

DENMARK

LOCAL - GLOBAL

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Holmens Bro / Copenhagen, Denmark / 1954

Carlsberg Elefantport / Copenhagen, Denmark / 1901 Hammeren fyr Ha 1872

Allinge Sandvig Moseløkken

E x t r a c t i on to c onst r u c t i on granite quarry

,D ge Kø

Vang

Gudhjem Kirke 1893

city / town

k ar m en

sailing route Gudhjem

Hasle

BORNHOLM

Hammerværket

Svaneke

79

Segen Klippeløkken

Paradisbakkerne

Stubbeløkken

Helletsgaard Aakirkeby

Nexø

Dueodde Fyr 1962

Ty p e s o f g r a n i t e / 1 : 1 grain true to size

GRANITE

Rønne

hammer granit

vang granit

rønne granit

ujś ino Św nd ola ,P cie

Bornholm

Sassnitz, Germ any

paradisbakke magmatit

svaneke granit

1:350.000

ALEX + PERLA + SARAH

bornholms gnejs

BORNHOLM

DENMARK

8282

ALEX + PERLA + SARAH

GRANITE

80

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

BORNHOLM

DENMARK

83

81

GRANITE

MAPPING OF FLOW

SARAH

FRAGMENTATION AND LABOUR

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

PERLA

Extracting layer by layer

The history of Stubbeløkken stenbrud streches back to early 19th century, when locals started digging for Blue Rønne granit in the outskirts of Bornholms main city.1 The quarry, which has become Denmarks deepest hole, is a popular earthcache, providing an earth science lesson through a visit to an unique geological feature. Extracted layer by layer, steep cliff walls tell a story, a history of generations, industrialisation and a history of a stubborn nature.

Sound of machines, hammers and explotions is gradually exchanged with birds singing and water running.

Bottom reached - 50 m RL

NCC takes over the quarry.5

Conservation laws force quarrys on N-Bornholm to be shut.4

Taken over by A/S Rønne Granitværk.1

Industrialization - production goes faster and digs deeper.

Workers go on strike for 6 months.3

Workers create a union: Dansk Stenindustriarbejderforbund.3

DENMARK

MAPPING OF FLOW

Birds migrate in the drilling holes. Swallow, Crane and Falcon.1 2

BORNHOLM EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

Rainwater and groundwater start to fill up the enormous hole.

1 m/year

82

Stubbeløkken is taken over by De Forenede Granitbrud (United Granite Quarries) and production is established.1

Locals start digging for Rønne granit at Stubbeløkken.1

GRANITE

8484 BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

HISTORY OF STUBBORN NATURE

BORNHOLM

DENMARK

85

83

GRANITE

MAPPING OF FLOW

ALEX

FRACTURE

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

BORNHOLM

DENMARK

8686

SPATIAL SITUATIONS

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

C o m m u n i c at i o n f r o m s h o r e t o s e a 1

Plan 91.1 m RL

Plan 87.5 m RL

84

Plan

GRANITE

84.3 m RL

ALEX + PERLA + SARAH

Plan 76.6 m RL

GRANITE ON SHORE AND SEA

87

BORNHOLM

DENMARK

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

GRANITE

85

section

/

elevation

HAMMEREN FYR2 POSITION

55° 17.28’ N / 11° 31.0’ W

TYPE

Approach lighthouse

HEIGHT

21m

OPERATION 1802 / 1990 BUILDING

Granite lighthouse w. copper roof

LOCATION

S-Hammerknuden, Bornholm

ALEX + PERLA + SARAH

Partial

INDEX OF ELEMENTS

INFORMATION OF URANIUM

Development

In situ leaching

2008

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

years

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

Groundwater flow

Depth

Uranium - processed

export/tonnes

AUSTRALIA

8888

Distrubition from Adelaide

Permeable layer of extration

150m

ANTI Adnyamathanha - indigenous people

1983

Beverley mine

uranium ores/beverley

1988

Yellowcake/20 $ pr. pound 2017*

BEVERLEY MINE

2017

Confined layer

Lake Frome

uranium(U235)

Uranium ores

PRO High voltage transmission

86

MIKE + TOAN

URANIUM

USA: up to 5000 tonnes per year.

EU: up to 3500 tonnes Japan 2500 tonnes per year.

South Korea 1500 tonnes per year.

China 500 tonnes per year.

ENERGY/NUCLEAR/WARHEADS

Reprocessing

RECYCLE?

CON

100-500 meters depth

Deep geological repository

FLY - IN FLY - OUT

Australia's uranium is sold strictly for electrical power generation only, The Australian Government’s uranium policy limits the export of Australian uranium to countries that are a party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons.

MAP OF TERRITORY

1780

First men in AU

Colonization

1942

1948

1969

First nuclear reactor

First nuclear powerplant

Berverly mine discovered

1906

Uranium mining in AU

1998-2007

57 accidents of spill in berverly

2000

2001

Protest occured

Beverly mine opens

2005

Discovery of four mile uranium deposits

N

n pa Ja

ut So

a ore K h

45.000 BC

89

AUSTRALIA

DISTRIBUTION OF URANIUM

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

ina

Adelaide

Nuclear power plant Energy generation

BEVERLEY MINE

Beverly mine

Be lgi um

Ch

USA

Sp ain

y an rm e G Fuel pellets for Nuclear reactor

Flinders Range - Home to the naitive people Adnyamathanha

URANIUM

Fr an ce

Fin

lan

d

87

Export of Uranium from Beverly mine

57 accidents of spill, and contamination og groundwater

MIKE + TOAN

2006 - 800t 2007 - 682t 2008 - 633t 2009 - 640t 2010 - 381t 2011 - 397t 2012 - 427t 2013 - 256t 2014 - 0 2015 - 0 2016 - 0

MAPPING OF FLOW

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

DOMESTIC TRANSPORTATION

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Time Distance Value Pollution Cargo

BEVERLEY MINE

AUSTRALIA

9090

MIKE

URANIUM

88

Fl

D

ti t

t ti

BIPRODUCT DISPOSAL

MAPPING OF FLOW

91

AUSTRALIA

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Blue family of Texas

Neal blue - CEO

Heathgate - Uranium company

Low waste

Jobs Secure

Flinders Ranges - the proposed site

25 %

50 %

100 %

BEVERLEY MINE

Malcolm Mckenzie

Waste disposal issue:

URANIUM

89

Uranium extraction Proposal in Flinders Ranges anno 2016 Support from older residents Adnyamanhantha divided in opinions Protests against location

TOAN

Decision still under process

BEVERLEY MINE

AUSTRALIA

9292

MIKE + TOAN

URANIUM

90

SPATIAL SITUATIONS

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

ELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION/NAGAKIN CAPSULE TOWER

93

AUSTRALIA

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Typically in basement buildings

BEVERLEY MINE

Underground substation

Tokyo

URANIUM

91

Network of underground substations

Kanagawa

MIKE + TOAN

Chiba

9494

INDEX OF ELEMENTS

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations AUGUST

SEPTEMBER

OCTOBER

OPAL FEVER

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

NOVEMBER

DECEMBER

JANUARY

FEBRUARY

MARCH

APRIL

MAY

JUNE

JULY

AUSTRALIA

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

MID 1980s

1970s - 1980s

1946

1945

END OF WORLD WAR II

1942

1930s - 1940s

1920

1918

END OF WORLD WAR I

1917

1916

FIRST UNDERGROUND MOTEL

EUROPEANS MIGRATE TO THE AREA : EXPANSION OF THE MINING INDUSTRY

TOTTIE BRYANT : GREAT OPAL FIND REBOOTS THE OPAL FEVER

COMPLETION OF STUART HIGHWAY

GREAT DEPRESSION : OPAL MINING STANDSTILL

AREA IS RENAMED COOBER PEDY FROM ‘KUPA PITI’ / ‘WHITE MAN IN A HOLE’

COMPLETION OF THE TRANS CONTINENTAIL RAILWAY : INTRODUCTION OF DUGOUTS

MINERS MOVED TO THE AREA

WILLIAM HUTCHINSON : DISCOVERY OF OPAL IN THE AREA

1915

JOHN MCDOUALL STUART : FIRST EUROPEAN EXPLORER IN THE AREA

5

“Tourists visit at sunset, when the golden den de glow frames fra am ames mes s small, pyramid-shaped d-s shape ped ed silhouettes. ed silhou DARWIN It’s scenic until you remember ember you’re standing an nding in a gravel gr r pi il le es of dirt kicked es pit, gazing at piles up by the world’s wor rl r l ld d’s largest ge t opal opa mines.”

1858

COOBER PEDY

10

30 MIO.

Coob

845

5-6 MIO.

Adel

“Tourists “T Tourists visit at sunset, when the golden glow frames small, pyramig-shaped silhouettes. It´s ssc sce scen cceenic nniic ic un uuntil n you remember you´re standing in a gravel pit, gazing at piles of dirt kicked up by the scenic world´s largest opal mines.”

846 KM

AYERS ROCK /

750

YEARS IT TAKES TO FORM AN OPAL

145-66 MIO.

CRETACEOUS PERIOD

2.170 KM

SUPER CONTINENT GONDWANA : AUSTRALIA

500-180 MIO.

92

OPAL

SILICA REALESED : FILLED THE CRACKS OF THE ROCKS

Ayer

COOBER PEDY

846 KM

CARL + CORDELIA

“... where I stayed had the darkest, quietest, blackness I´ve ever known.

“[ “ [.. ... where I stayed, had the darkest, quietest “[...]

ADELAIDE INNER CIRCLE = GREATEST IMPORTANCE OUER CIRCLE = LOWEST IMPORTANCE BODY TYPE - PLAY OF COLOR - BRILLIANCE - PATTERN

”To see opal glistering in the face of your mine is an unforgettable experience.

Every miner is lured by the hope that one day they will find this “rainbow” - it will be their turn, they hope.”

COOBER PEDY

AUSTRALIA

95

93

OPAL

MAP OF TERRITORY

CARL + CORDELIA

HIBERNATION TO EXHIBITION

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

MAPPING OF FLOW

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

attraction necessity dependence surface/underground

COOBER PEDY

AUSTRALIA

9696

1

94

CARL

OPAL

2

EX_CAVE

1925

1960

OPAL

1935 other than ‘small dwellings’ ‘small dwellings’

2012

1 : 2000

A new Act replacing an earlier act 1 : 1000

1975

N

2015

AUSTRALIA

By-Law No 7 Cats

By-Law No 1 Permits and Penalties By-Law No 2 Moveable Signs By-Law No 3 Local Government Land By-Law No 4 Roads By-Law No 5 Dogs By-Law No 6 Nuisances

Housing Act 1966

Local Government Act 2015

Mining Act 1971

Opal Mining Act 1995

CORDELIA KERT SØNDER, UNIT 2/3 E, AARCH

COOBER PEDY

Local Government (Clerk’s Appeal) Rules

2010

Local Government Act - Conduct of a Poll of Electors pursuant to a 45a

Local Government Act - Long Service Leave

A new Act

Petroleum and Geothermal Energy Act 2000

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

CORDELIA

1947

1985

1929

1990

Local Government Act - Control of Traffic Parking

2000 Coober Pedy (Local Governments Extension) Act

2005

Housing (Gaeltacht) Act

1980

1981

1995

1995

Local Government Act

1970

1971

2017 Crown Land Management Act 2009

Animal allowed with permission

Mining Act

1945

Petroleum Act 1940

1940

1940

Animal allowed

1930

Crown Lands Act 1929

Added amendments

1925

1930

1929

POLITICALLY FRAMED, PRIVATELY ORGANIZED MAPPING OF FLOW 97

Major working area

4 month old

1 kept animal

2 kept animals

95

1965

1955

1950

9898

SPATIAL SITUATIONS

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

AUSTRALIA

UMOONA LOCAL MUSEUM & FORMER OPAL MINE

COOBER PEDY

1/500

CARL + CORDELIA

OPAL

96

1/100

COOBER PEDY TYPOLOGY - MUSEUM SITE & HOTELS

OPAL

AUSTRALIA TYPOLOGY - CONVENTIONAL DWELLING

TYPOLOGY - SCHOOL & PUBLIC BUILDINGS

TYPOLOGY - UNDERGROUND DWELLING

1/1000

1/200

CARL + CORDELIA

99 TELLURIC SUBTRACTION DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

1/2000

97

1/5000

AUSTRALIA

100 100

INDEX OF ELEMENTS

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

EXTRACTION PATTERNS

[1]

MT. ARTHUR

[2]

[3]

[4]

BLACK COAL

98

[5]

[6]

NAME1 + NAME2

[7]

34%

13% %

14%

SECTION OF OPEN CUT MINE AND COAL SEAMS

BLACK COAL

MIN NING NG G DIIREC E TION

WORLD COAL EXPORT 14 % OF PRODUCTION

AUSTRALIA THERMAL COAL EXPORT: 86 % OF PRODUCTION

[1]

ACTIVE PIT

OVERBURDEN EMPLACEMENT AREA

REHABILITATION AREA

AUSTRALIA

MAP OF TERRITORY

NE EWCASTLE PO ORT

MT. ARTHUR

COAR CO AR RSE REJ E EC CTS T

F NE REJ FI EJEC JEC CTS T

EXPO P R RT T TRA R NS N PO PORT TED BY RA AIL L

PR RO OD DUC UCT CO OAL A STO TOCK CKPILE CK L

B Y BA YSSW WA AT TE ER PO POWE WE ER SST TAT TIO ON

REFI RE FIINI NIN NG G AND TRA R NSSPO P RT R ING COAL C

RE R ESH S AP A IIN NG AN AND D TO OPSOILIN NG LANDSCAPE

MINING AND EXPORT

THEA + JOHAN

15% REFI R F LL LIIN NG PREV PR E IO IOUS OUS U LY Y MIN INED ED AREASS WITH OVERBURDEN

E C EX CA AVA V TI T ON OF CO OAL SEAM MS TH HRO OUG U H BL LAS ASTI TING N ; DRILLING & CUTTING

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

101

FACILITIES

CROWN CR CRO N LAN LA AND

99

24%

102 102

MAPPING OF FLOW

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

COAL MINERS

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

LABOUR HIRE PERMANENT

AUSTRALIA

5.000

POWER PLANT

OPEN CUT MINE

2.500 500

W

25%

MUS

% OF MINERS IN CITY

ELLB

R

OOK

MINERS IN CITY

S I N G

[1]

L

E N D

E S S N

LE

C K

100

M AC

in %

Casualisation of the workforce in NSW coal mines is an ongoing issue for the workers and their unions. Mining companies hire cheaper labour via subcontractors, undermining the working conditions for all workers whilst maximizing profit for stakeholders and owners.

Labour hire workers work on multiple mines and on different times of the day and the week earning little more than half as much as ongoing workers. The labour hire trend, as seen in the graph below, is popular in NSW.

30

VIC

QLD

SA

WA

TAS, NT, ACT

150.000

37 33 80.000

% for whom earnings vary between pay periods

16,7

54,7

% usually working weekends

28,0

48,1

% duration of current job 10+ years

26,0

6,5

% of trade union members

21,8

6,5

20 10

70 66

All employees All labour hire workers

2010 2016

COAL MINERS

$/year

LABOUR HIRE

EMPLOYMENT CONDITIONS

BLACK COAL

I E

PERMANENT

41.200 coal miners 15.000 coal miners 42 coal mines in 17 mines producing 200 Mtpa 120 Mtpa saleable coal saleable coal

NSW

R

Hunter Valley

Q U A

NSW

% 40

JOHAN

EWC

AST

N O

C

L A

M

T

MT. ARTHUR

N T O A I

PARTICLE POLLUTION

MAPPING OF FLOW

103

MT. ARTHUR

AUSTRALIA

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

101

BLACK COAL

[1]

[3]

THEA

[2]

AUSTRALIA

104 104

SPATIAL SITUATIONS

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

STOCKPILES SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE AA

m

NEWCASTLE

20

KOORAGANG is a coal terminal in Newcastle handling 120 Mtpa of coal from the Hunter Valley Coal Chain.

This paper shows an investigation of the process of transportation 102 from rail receival and stockpile to shiploading at the terminal wharf.

m 50

10

40

0

STOCKPILE

30

20

10

THEA + JOHAN

BLACK COAL

0

SHIPLOADER SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE BB

105

KOORAGANG COAL TERMINAL

AUSTRALIA

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

A

A

B

SHIPLOADER

VESSEL

103

BLACK COAL

CONVEYORS

THEA + JOHAN

NEWCASTLE’S KOORAGANG COAL TERMINAL 1 : 20.000

NEWCASTLE

B

INDEX OF ELEMENTS

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

INDONESIA

106 106

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

INVESTIGATING RELATIONS

+LVWRULF FRQFHTXHQHV RI Grasberg

Resource Nationalism

Grasberg Mine 19,500 employees ELOOLRQ LQ DQQXDO WD[

GHFUHDVH LQ LQYHVWPHQWV strikes

Indonesian government R๲FLDOV

FreeportGrasberg *ROG 0F0R5DQ and Copper mine stakes Freeport &RSSHU *ROG 90% 10% Indonisian State 2.4% Indonesian GDP ,QF QHZ DJUHHPHQW

5HJLRQDO 3DSXD

GHYHORSHPHQW RI WRZQV DQG LQIUDVWUXFWXUH

LQFUHDVHG VHWWOHPHQW

by Indonesian transmigrants

Grasberg 96% region’s GDP ORFDOV HPSOR\HG

VHWWOHPHQW FDXVHV UXLQ RI KRPHV KHULWDJH DQG VWUXFWXUH RI indigenous

SUHVVXUH IRU VWULFWHU UHJXODWLRQV

GOLD/COPPER

demonstrations

LPSURYHG FRPPXQLW\ GHYHORSPHQW

104

GEORG+ATHENA

6RFLDO 8SKHDYDO ,QWHUQDWLRQDO (QYLURQPHQWDO Pressure and &RQFHUQ $FWLYLVP

(QYLURQWPHQWDO Damage

ORVV RI ELR diveristy

GRASBERG MINE

FRQWUDFW

WDLOLQJV WSG ZDWHU WR[L¿FDWLRQ GHIRUHVWDWLRQ ODQGVOLGHV IURP RYHUEXUGHQ

KLJK FULPH UDWHV drug abuse HIV/aids VKRRWLQJV

Indigenous

rapid modernization OHDGV WR GLVDVWHURXV VRVLR HQYLURQPHQWDO FKDQJHV

7LPHOLQH

Sosio(QYLURQPHQWDO &\FOH

4.000.000

indonesian transmigrants

3.500.000 3.000.000 2.500.000

1.956.400 2.000.000

1.000.000 1.00 1.000.

1 .000.

000 000.

0 00.

00 0.

0 .000 .000 00 00 00 0

1.700.000

1.555.975 1.555.

1.555 1.55 .555.

555.

5 5 975 75

1.500.

1.5 1 5 000 1.500.000

indigenous papuans

1.087.694 1 1.08 1.087.

1.087 .087. .087 087 087.

0 7 694 69 6 94 8 88 887.

887.0 887.00 87.00 87.0 87.

7.00 7.00 000 887.000

500.000 500.0 500.00 00 0 0 00.0

>36.000 >3 >36.00 >36 > 36 36.

36.00 3 6.00 000

,OOHJDO JROG PLQLQJ WKURXJK ULYHU 1970 1 197 19 970 97 ZDVWH

1990 19 199 990 990 0

2005

2010

2025

MAP OF TERRITORY

136°06´

136°18´

136°42´

4

PT Freeport Indonesia Project Area PT Freeport Indonesia Block A

3,5

3

Indigenous Papua

Enarotali

4° 06´

4° 06´

Ajkwa Deposition Area (ADA)

Indonesian migrants Indonesian migrants Grasberg tailings flow into ADA

Kuala Kencana

2,5

Mangrove Estuary Freshwater Swamp Forest

2

Sub-Alpine Grassland

4° 18´

4° 18´

Lowland Rain Forest River system aggrades and inundates vegetation

Timika

1,5

Montane Rain Forest 1

10

20

30

40

50km

4° 30´

4° 30´

0

Tailings reach the Ajkwa Estuary and Arafura sea

Portsite

4° 42´

per year: 610,800 tonnes copper 58,47 tonnes gold

4° 42´

INDONESIA

135°54´

GRASBERG MINE

3° 54´

135°42´

107 3° 54´

GEOGRAPHICAL OBSERVATIONS

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

105

4° 54´

4° 54´

Switzerland 23% South Korea 17% Japan 3,9% China 11%

Spain 5,6%

24%

India

4,5%

Hong Kong 3,4% Thailand 1,2% Phillipines 1,1% Singapore 60% 5° 06´

5° 06´

Papua

GOLD/COPPER

Germany 2,4%

Australia 6,9% 135°42´

135°54´

4500 4300

136°06´

136°18´

136°30´

Grasberg

4500

Indonesia

Kucing Liar block cave

3300 3100

Big Gossan open stope

Mill DMLZ block cave

3900 3700 3500 3300 3100

Grasberg block cave

2700 2500

DOZ block cave

Grasberg open pit

3500

4100

Ertsberg

3900 3700

2900 2700

1:25 000

m

4300

Gold and Copper mine

4100

2900

136°42´

2500

GEORG+ATHENA

m

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

106

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

107

GRASBERG MINE

iNDONESIA

110 110

GEORG+ATHENA

GOLD/COPPER

108

SPATIAL SITUATIONS

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

A SHELTER FOR MACHINES

111

iNDONESIA

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Grinding cyclone Liquid separation of valuables from waste E\ URWDWLRQDO HৼHFWV DQG JUDYLW\ 3DULFOHV are further transSRUWHG WR ÀRDWDWLRQ plants by pipes.

Ball Mill

Sag Mill

6HFRGDU\ JULQGHU SURFHVVLQJ ¿QHU SDUticles with tumbler balls.

1:200

6DJ 0LOO 3ULPDU\ grinder processing raw ore material to ¿QHU SDUWLFOHV

GRASBERG MINE

Grinding cyclone

109

Site plan

1:400

1:5000

In Extractor #3, human is no longer the dominant measure of space. This is where one ounce of gold is separated from 30 tons of waste by strange beasts of machines, far exceeding human scale. They are the driving force of the supply chain- they are the protagonist of Extractor #3. Its name expresses an anonymous UDWLRQDOLW\ ZKLFK LV UHÀHFWHG LQ WKH SODQ ,WV V\PPHWU\ LV QRW RI FODVVLFDO RUGHU EXW PHHUO\ GULYHQ E\ H৽FLHQF\ economy and standards. Yet, the plan intrinsically JORUL¿HV WKH PDFKLQHV DV D VDFUHG REMHFW 6HSDUDWHG IURP the ore process, human area is accommodated to assist DQG RYHUYLHZ WKH PDFKLQHU\ IURP GLৼHUHQW HOHYDWLRQV

GEORG+ATHENA

Plan

GOLD/COPPER

Conveyer belt - Raw minerals are tranported from mine on conveyer belts into the building.

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Spatial situation

References in order of apperance

BRAZIL

AMERICA

Index

- Latin-Amerikagruppene, 2016. Den grønne ørkenen. [online] Available at: https://issuu.com/lag-brigader/docs/den_gr__nne___rkenen__interaktiv._ [Accessed 11 Sep. 2017] - Fibria & the Sustainable Development Goals, 2016. [online] Available at: http://www.fibria.com.br/shared/midia/Fibria_RS2016_INFO_SDG_ EN_VF.pdf [Accessed 16 Sep. 2017].

- YouTube. (2015). UPM - How do we make pulp. [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eA1n_dQMXRI [Accessed 18 Sep. 2017].

- Fibria websites, Available at http://www.fibria.com.br/en/institutional/our-location/ [Accessed 19 Sep. 2017] - Fibria’s annual report (2016) Available at https://fibr.infoinvest.com.br/enu/6594/20F%20-%202016%20Minuta%20Final.pdf [Accessed 22 Sep. 2017]

MAARMORILIK Index

https://tv.nrk.no/serie/brennpunkt/OAUA11001808/14-10-2008

1:“Explore Maarmorilik in Greenland” http://trip-suggest.com/greenland/qaasuitsup/maarmorilik/ 9.26.10, accessed 12.10.17 2:http://suncalc.net/#/71.3571,-51.6357,5/2017.09.15/13:35 accessed 15.09.17 3:“Den Store Danske: Muslinger” http://denstoredanske.dk/Natur_og_milj%C3%B8/Zoologi/Bl%C3%B8ddyr-_snegle,_muslinger_og_bl%C3%A6ksprutter/muslinger, 8.07.16, accessed 14.09.17 4:“Miljøundersøgelser ved Maarmorilik 2005” http://www.dmu.dk/Pub/FR605.pdf, 2006, accessed 10.09.17 5 :“Commodity and Metal Prices” http://www.infomine.com/investment/metal-prices, 23.06.17, accessed 19.10.17 6:“John Malmer, Den Sorte Engel”: http://www.john-malmer.dk/ 10.07.10 accessed 13.09.17 7 :“Sandvik Drilling Jumbo DL210-5” http://sandvik.fortuna-co.com/electro-hydraulic-long-hole-drilling-jumbo-dl210-5.html, accessed 13.09.2017 8:“MAARMORILIK ZINC DISTRICT” http://arctic-resources.com/services/maarmorilik-zinc-district/ accessed 24.09.17 9:“The Black Angel lead-zinc mine at Maarmorilik in West Greenland”: http://www.geus.dk/minex/go02_2ed.pdf, 2003, accessed 19.09.17 10:“Den Store Danske: Maarmorilik” http://denstoredanske.dk/Geografi_og_historie/Gr%C3%B8nland/Gr%C3%B8nlands_geografi/Maarmorilik 12.12.16, accessed 12.09.17

Spatial situation

Mapping

Mapping

- Google maps 2017, available at : https://www.google.no/maps/place/Aracruz+-+Esp%C3%ADrito+Santo,+Brasil/@-19.7834503,-40.2729604,11z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xb7dcaf1d8c9d1d:0x93261790c12c502d!8m2!3d-19.8205316!4d-40.2768213 [Accessed 15 Sep. 2017] - https://www.nrk.no/dokumentar/fakta-om-aracruz-celulose-1.6254988 - http://www.shipspotting.com/gallery/photo.php?lid=1953190 - https://www.framtiden.no/english/pulp/aracruz-and-the-rain-forest.html

Flow_Amalie

http://www.inhotim.org.br/en/

FORT MCMURRAY Index

- Taylor, Alan, “ The Alberta Tar Sands”, The Atlantic, September 25. 2014 https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2014/09/the-alberta-tar-sands/100820/1 - Johnson, Robbert, “These pictures may give you nightmares about the canada oil sands”, Buisness Insider, October 18. 2012 http://www.businessinsider.com/photos-destructive-canada-oil-sands-2012-10?r=US&IR=T&IR=T/#ere-were-only-two-companies-workingthe-sands-in-1998-and-local-officials-were-concerned-even-those-would-be-forced-to-close--there-are-more-than-10-times-that-number-herenow-53 - Helbig, Louis, “Canadas Tar Sands Landscape From The Air - In Pictures”, The Guardian, August 3. 2015 https://www.theguardian.com/environment/gallery/2015/aug/03/canadas-tar-sands-landscape-from-the-air-in-pictures4 - Riebeek, Holli, “Athabasca Oil Sands”, Earth Observatory - NASA, July 15. 2016 https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/WorldOfChange/athabasca.php5 - Canada’s Oil and Natural Gas Producers, “Oil Sands History And Milestones”, Canadas Oil Sands, 2017 http://www.canadasoilsands.ca/en/what-are-the-oil-sands/oil-sands-history-and-milestones

Mapping

- NASA, “ Fort McMurray wildfire continues to burn”, NASA, May 9. 2016 https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2016/fort-mcmurray-wildfire-continues-to-burn - Cain Patrick, “Fort McMurray fire interactive map: NASA data shows fire invading town (Updated)”, Global News Canada, May 6. 2016 https://globalnews.ca/news/2679911/fort-mcmurray-fire-interactive-map-nasa-data-shows-fire-invading-town/ -Tenenbaum, David J., “Oil Sands Development: A Health Risk Worth Taking?”, National Center for Biotechnology Information, April 2009 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2679626/

Flow_Glenn

Andrew Nikiforuk, “A Smoking GUn on Athabasca River: Deformed Fish”, The Tyee, September 17 2010, https://thetyee.ca/News/2010/09/17/ AthabascaDeformedFish/

110

1: Dale-Jones, Victoria. 2017. “BBC NEWS | Business | Mining Town Moves To Avoid Pollution”. News.Bbc.Co.Uk. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/ business/2399591.stm.

2: “Centro Deportivo Y Recreacional De Trabajadores Rol B De Codelco / Valle & Cornejo Arquitectos”. 2011. Plataforma Arquitectura. https:// www.plataformaarquitectura.cl/cl/02-95485/centro-deportivo-y-recreacional-de-trabajadores-rol-b-de-codelco-valle-cornejo-arquitectos.

Flow_Katarina

- NASA, “ Fort McMurray wildfire continues to burn”, NASA, May 9. 2016 https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2016/fort-mcmurray-wildfire-continues-to-burn - Cain Patrick, “Fort McMurray fire interactive map: NASA data shows fire invading town (Updated)”, Global News Canada, May 6. 2016 https://globalnews.ca/news/2679911/fort-mcmurray-fire-interactive-map-nasa-data-shows-fire-invading-town/

Spatial situation

Southwick, Reid, “‘Part hotel, part prison,’ oilsands work camps have been home for tens of thousands”, Calgary Herald, September 27. 2017 http://calgaryherald.com/business/energy/part-hotel-part-prison-work-camps-have-been-home-for-tens-of-thousands Champion Commercial Structures, “Noralta Lodge”, Champion Commercial Structures, 2008 https://www.championcommercial.com/spotlights/noralta-lodge

CHIQUICAMATA Index

1: Finn, Janet L. 1998. Tracing The Veins: Of Copper, Culture, And Community From Butte To Chuquicamata. University of California Press.

2: “Chuquicamata | Mining Centre, Chile”. 2017. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Chuquicamata.

3: Vella, Heidi. 2017. “Copper, Codelco & Chile”. Mining Technology. http://www.mining-technology.com/features/featurecopper-codelco-chile-4939147/.

4: “Annual Report Of Global Market”. 2016. https://www.codelco.com/prontus_codelco/site/artic/20160229/asocfile/20160229171749/ pta_pdte_directorio_bmo_29022016.pdf.

5: Wojes, Ryan. 2017. “What Is Copper? Understanding The Red Metal”. The Balance. https://www.thebalance.com/what-is-copper-2340037.

6: Johanson, Paula. 2007. Copper. New York: Rosen Central.

7: “Chuquicamata Copper Mine”. 2017. Mining Technology. http://www.mining-technology.com/projects/chuquicamata-copper/.

8: Consejo Minero. 2015. Chile Copper. Video. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9BeB933fD6I&feature=youtu.be.

9: Dudka, Stanislaw, and Domy C. Adriano. 1997. “Environmental Impacts Of Metal Oremining And Processing: A Review”. J. ENVIRON. 26.

10: “Impacts Of Copper Mining On People And Nature”. 2017. Danwatch. https://www.danwatch.dk/en/undersogelseskapitel/impacts-of-copper-mining-on-people-and-nature/.

11: “Copper Production & Environmental Impact”. 2017. Greenspec. http://www.greenspec.co.uk/building-design/copper-production-environmental-impact/.

12: Dale-Jones, Victoria. 2017. “BBC NEWS | Business | Mining Town Moves To Avoid Pollution”. News.Bbc.Co.Uk. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/ business/2399591.stm.

13: Lahrichi, Kamilia. 2014. “Chile’S Pollution Grows In Scramble To Meet China’s Copper Demand”. Chinadialogue.Net. https://www.chinadialogue.net/article/show/single/en/7262-Chile-s-pollution-grows-in-scramble-to-meet-China-s-copper-demand 14: “Codelco Awards Jacobs A Contract For Chuquicamata Mine Project”. 2017. Invest.Jacobs.Com. http://invest.jacobs.com/investors/ Press-Release-Details/2017/Codelco-Awards-Jacobs-a-Contract-for-Chuquicamata-Mine-Project/default.aspx.

15: Ondrey, Gerald. 2017. “Codelco Awards Jacobs A Contract For Chuquicamata Mine Project - Chemical Engineering”. Chemengonline.Com. http://www.chemengonline.com/codelco-awards-jacobs-a-contract-for-chuquicamata-mine-project/?printmode=1.

16: Leotaud, Valentina. 2017. “Codelco To Produce “Green” Copper | MINING.Com”. MINING.Com. http://www.mining.com/codelco-produce-green-copper/.

Mapping

1: Vella, Heidi. 2017. “Copper, Codelco & Chile”. Mining Technology. http://www.mining-technology.com/features/featurecopper-codelco-chile-4939147/.

2: “Annual Report Of Global Market”. 2016. https://www.codelco.com/prontus_codelco/site/artic/20160229/asocfile/20160229171749/ pta_pdte_directorio_bmo_29022016.pdf.

3: “Chuquicamata Copper Mine”. 2017. Mining Technology. http://www.mining-technology.com/projects/chuquicamata-copper/.

4: “Impacts Of Copper Mining On People And Nature”. 2017. Danwatch. https://www.danwatch.dk/en/undersogelseskapitel/impacts-of-coppermining-on-people-and-nature/.

5: Finn, Janet L. 1998. Tracing The Veins: Of Copper, Culture, And Community From Butte To Chuquicamata. University of California Press.

Flow_Markus

1: Johanson, Paula. 2007. Copper. New York: Rosen Central.

2: Wojes, Ryan. 2017. “What Is Copper? Understanding The Red Metal”. The Balance. https://www.thebalance.com/what-is-copper-2340037.

Flow_Karl

1: Bastos, Martina. 2013. “The City That Was Eaten By A Copper Mine”. International Boulevard. http://www.internationalboulevard.com/ the-city-that-was-eaten-by-a-copper-mine/.

2: Mutic, Anja. 2012. “The Ghost Towns Of Northern Chile”. Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/travel/the-ghosttowns-of-northern-chile/2012/10/25/fa4adad0-16e2-11e2-a55c-39408fbe6a4b_story.html?utm_term=.4c4ce7c910fa.

3: Dale-Jones, Victoria. 2017. “BBC NEWS | Business | Mining Town Moves To Avoid Pollution”. News.Bbc.Co.Uk. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/ business/2399591.stm.

1.“The Black Angel lead-zinc mine at Maarmorilik in West Greenland”: http://www.geus.dk/minex/go02_2ed.pdf, 2003, accessed 19.09.17 2.“MAARMORILIK ZINC DISTRICT” http://arctic-resources.com/services/maarmorilik-zinc-district/, accessed 24.09.17 3.“Den Store Danske: Zink” http://denstoredanske.dk/It,_teknik_og_naturvidenskab/Kemi/Grundstoffer/zink, 13.03.17, accessed 24.09.17 4.“Den Store Danske: Maarmorilik” http://denstoredanske.dk/Geografi_og_historie/Gr%C3%B8nland/Gr%C3%B8nlands_geografi/Maarmorilik 12.12.16, accessed 12.09.17 5.“John Malmer: Den Sorte Engel” http://www.john-malmer.dk/ 10.07.10 accessed 23.09.17

Flow_Amalie:

1.“Om Maarmorilik” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xqf9t6sxGY0 16.02.14 accessed 24.09.17 2.“John Malmer, Den Sorte Engel” http://www.john-malmer.dk/egen%20website/groenland.htm 10.07.10, accessed 23.09.17 3.“MAARMORILIK ZINC DISTRICT” http://arctic-resources.com/services/maarmorilik-zinc-district/, accessed 24.09.17 4.“The Black Angel lead-zinc mine at Maarmorilik in West Greenland”: http://www.geus.dk/minex/go02_2ed.pdf, 2003, accessed 24.09.17

Flow_Ditte

1.“Global Temperatures”https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/global-temperature/ 17.10.17, accessed 8.10.17 2.“ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AT THE FORMER LEAD-ZINC MINE IN MAARMORILIK, NORTHWEST GREENLAND, IN 2008” http://www.dmu.dk/Pub/FR737.pdf, 2009, accessed 8.10.2017 3.“Greenland isn’t in a rush to fight climate change because it’s good for the country’s economy” https://qz.com/813742/climate-change-is-benefitting-greenland/, 22.10.16, accessed 7.10.17 4.“Tidligere bly-zinkmine i Maarmorilik” http://bios.au.dk/videnudveksling/greenland/minedrift-og-miljoe/dces-forsknings-og-overvaagningsaktiviteter/tidligere-bly-zinkmine-i-maarmorilik/, 29.08.17, accessed 6.10.17 Drawings: 1.Andersson Møller, Vibeke: Arkitekten Frits Schlegel, Arkitektens Forlag, 2004 p. 114-124

Spatial situation

2.“Overformynderiet Frits Schlegel, 1937” http://www.arkitekturbilleder.dk/bygning/overformynderiet/, accessed: 9.10.17 3.“Kulturarv” http://www.kulturarv.dk/1001fortaellinger/da_DK/overformynderiet, accessed 11.05.12 4.“Et problembarn, der var værd at redde” http://bygge-anlaegsavisen.dk/Et-problembarn-der-var-vaerd-at-redde 18.09.17, accessed 12.10.17 5.“Bygningstyrelsen restaurerer og renoverer Overformynderiet”: https://www.bygst.dk/projekter/overformynderiet/ 15.09.17, accessed: 23.10.17 6.“Efterforskning og udnyttelse af råstoffer i Grønland i historisk perspektiv” http://greenlandperspective.ku.dk/this_is_greenland_perspective/background/report-papers/ Efterforskning_og_udnyttelse_af_r_stoffer_i_Gr_nland_i_historisk_perspektiv.pdf, 2014, accessed 12.10.17 7.“Overformynderiet” https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=82&v=3H1bc0tjYTA 9.01.17 accessed 10.10.17

SOLAR STAR Index

- BHE Solar. “Projects: Solar Star Projects.” Accessed September 18th, 2017. https://www.bherenewables.com/solarstar_solar.aspx.

- BHE Solar. “Just the Facts: Solar Star Projects.” Last Modified March, 2017. https://www.bherenewables.com/include/pdf/fact_sheet_solar_star.pdf.

- California Energy Commission. “Solar Star Projects: The world’s largest utility scale solar project is located in California.” Accessed September 18th, 2017. http://www.energy.ca.gov/tour/solarstar/.

- California ISO. “Company Information and Facts.” August, 2016. http://www.caiso.com/Documents/CompanyInformation_Facts.pdf.

- Gifford, Jonathan. “MidAmerican to raise $700 million for 579 MW AVSP.” June 14, 2013. https://www.pv-magazine.com/2013/06/14/midamerican-to-raise-700-million-for-579-mw-avsp_100011719/#axzz2WtvU94TG. - Mortenson Company. “Solar: Solar Star 1 & 2:Team Results.” Accessed September 18th, 2017. http://www.mortenson.com/solar/projects/ solar-star-i-and-ii.

- SunPowerCorporation. “Fact Sheet: Solar Star Projects.” Accessed September 18th, 2017. https://us.sunpower.com/sites/sunpower/files/media-library/fact-sheets/fs-solar-star-projects-factsheet.pdf.

- SunPowerCorporation. “Solar Star Projects.” Accessed September 18th, 2017. https://us.sunpower.com/utility-scale-solar-power-plants/.

- The AV Times Staff. “Major construction starts on Solar Projects.” April 27, 2013. http://theavtimes.com/2013/04/27/major-construction-starts-on-av-solar-projects/.

- The AV Times Staff. “AV Solar Star projects now delivering energy to California ISO grid.” January 9, 2014. http://theavtimes.com/2014/01/09/av-solar-star-projects-now-delivering-energy-to-california-iso-grid/.

- Upadhyay, Anand. “Largest Solar Plant On Planet Earth — Solar Star — Comes Online.” June 26th, 2017. https://cleantechnica.com/2015/06/26/largest-solar-plant-planet-earth-solar-star-comes-online/.

- Wesoff, Eric. “Solar Star, Largest PV Power Plant in the World, Now Operational.” June 26, 2015. https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/ read/Solar-Star-Largest-PV-Power-Plant-in-the-World-Now-Operational.

Mapping

- California Energy Commission. ”Electric Transmission Lines California 2016.” Accessed October 24, 2017. http://www.energy.ca.gov/maps/infrastructure/Transmission_Lines.pdf.

- Goel, Garima, Nichola Groom. “SunPower inks $2.5 billion deal with Buffett utility.” January 2, 2013. http://www.reuters.com/article/us-sunpower-berkshirehathaway/sunpower-inks-2-5-billion-deal-with-buffett-utility-idUSBRE9010LA20130102.

- Schumacher, Laura. “Solar Star Funding LLC.” June 11, 2013. https://docuri.com/download/moodys-061113_59c1ccbdf581710b28622871_pdf.

- Ivan Penn. “California invested heavily in solar power. Now there’s so much that other states are sometimes paid to take it.” Los Angeles Times. Accessed October 24, 2017. http://www.latimes.com/projects/la-fi-electricity-solar/.

-Woodward, Jim, Terry Rose. “Local Reliability Areas 2016.” April 30,2015. http://www.energy.ca.gov/maps/reliability/LRA_Northern.pdf.

- Woodward, Jim, Terry Rose. “Local Reliability Areas 2016.” April 30,2015. http://www.energy.ca.gov/maps/reliability/LRA_Southern.pdf.

Flow_Iben

- Alvin Tate . “Soil sterilization and reseeding .” E-mail message to author. October 15, 2017.

Control Room Operator and Technical Trainer - “Climate Rosamond.” Meteoblue. Accessed October 24, 2017. https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/forecast/modelclimate/rosamond_ united-states-of-america_5388735.

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions - Hart, Samara. Antelope Valley Solar Environmental Impact Report. Accessed October 24, 2017. http://pcd.kerndsa.com/planning/environmental-documents/eda/88-antelope-valley-solar-environmental-impact-report.

- Antelope Valley Solar Final Environmental Impact Report, Antelope Valley Solar Environmental Impact Report Addendum, Planning Commission Hearing - 6/23/2011, Planning Commission Hearing (con’t) - 7/14/2011 Photovoltaic Research | NREL. Accessed October 24, 2017. https://www.nrel.gov/pv/index.html.

- NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. “U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper.” Google Books. Accessed October 24, 2017. https://books.google.dk/books?id=vlPwAAAAMAAJ&pg=SL3-PA18&lpg=SL3-PA18&dq=rainshadow%2Bantelope%2Bvalley&source=bl&ots=nRri0Ibjmu&sig=Ag7WEU0bu2uBM9GqG0NO7OOY-Nw&hl=da&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj904PZ34jXAhWoCJoKHRMcBQIQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=rainshadow%20 antelope%20valley&f=false.

“Virtual Tour.” BHE Renewables. Accessed October 24, 2017. https://www.bherenewables.com/tour_solar.aspx

Flow_Pia

- Aldous, Scott, Jessika Toothman. “How Solar Cells Work: Energy Loss in a Solar Cell.” April, 2000. https://science.howstuffworks.com/ environmental/energy/solar-cell4.htm.

- Green Rhino Energy Ltd. “Energy Yield and Performance Ratio of Photovoltaic Systems.” Accessed October 20th, 2017. http://www.greenrhinoenergy.com/solar/technologies/pv_energy_yield.php.

- National Renewable Energy Laboratory. “RE Atlas.” Accessed October 20th, 2017. https://maps.nrel.gov/re-atlas/aL=0&bL=groad&cE=0&lR=0&mC=40.21244%2C-91.625976&zL=4.

- NREL. “Energy Payback: Clean Energy from PV.” Accessed October 20,1017. https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy99osti/24619.pdf.

- Photovoltaic-software. “How to calculate the annual solar energy output of a photovoltaic system?” Accessed October 20th, 2017. http://photovoltaic-software.com/PV-solar-energy-calculation.php.

- SunPower Corporation. “SunPower Performance Series P17.” December 2016. https://us.sunpower.com/sites/sunpower/files/media-library/data-sheets/ds-sunpower-p17-355-commercial-solar-panels.pdf.

- U.S. Energy Information Administration. “How much electricity is lost in transmission and distribution in the United States?” Last modified February 16, 2017. https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=105&t=3 - U.S. Energy Information Administration.”Electricity explained: How Electricity Is Delivered To Consumers.” Last modified August 31, 2017. https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/index.cfm?page=electricity_delivery.

- USC Urban Growth Seminar Series. “Why Solar PV Power Plants Will Fundamentally Change the Way We Power the Planet.” Filmed March 2016. Video, 1:09:06. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jFZ8g0W7jV0.

- WECC. “Environmental Data Viewer.” Accessed October 20,2017. http://ecosystems.azurewebsites.net/WECC/

Spatial situation

- Kern County Planning and Community Development Department. “Draft Environmental Impact Report.” April, 2011. https://www.kerncounty.com/planning/pdfs/eirs/av_solar/av_solar_deir.pdf.

- Miele, Niel. “ Substation: Enclosed Switchgear: PCC Fundamentals.” Accessed October 20, 2017. https://www.ieee.li/pdf/viewgraphs/substation_enclosed_switchgear_pcc-fundamentals.pdf.

- Prabakaran, S. “Designing of HV Power Substation and Layout.” October 1, 2012. http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/designing-of-hv-power-substation-and-layout, - Siemens Energy Sector. “Power Engineering Guide.” Accessed October 20, 2017. https://www.energy.siemens.com/hq/pool/hq/energy-topics/power%20engineering%20guide/PEG_70_KAP_03.pdf.

- United States Department of Agriculture. Design Guide for Rural Substations. June 2001. https://www.rd.usda.gov/files/UEP_Bulletin_1724E-300.pdf.

- Whitcomb, Bryan .”Solar Power and the Future” October 18, 2016. http://www.awma-goldenempire.org/store/files/44.pdf.

BAOTOU

ASIA

Index

- Naumov, A. V. “Review of the World Market of Rare-Earth Metals.” Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals (2008) Vol. 49, No. 1:14-22. DOI: 10.3103/S1067821208010045. Date of Access 21.10.2017.

- “Shanghai Metals Market.” Login. Accessed September 22, 2017. https://price.metal.com/prices/rare-earth/rare-earth-metals.

Zhang, Kuangyuan, Andrew N. Kleit, and Antonio Nieto. “An economics strategy for criticality – Application to rare earth element Yttrium in new lighting technology and its sustainable availability.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 77 (2017): 899-915. DOI:10.1016/j. rser.2016.12.127. Date of Access 21.10.2017.

- Möller, Peter, Petr Cerny, and Francis Saupe. Lanthanides, Tantalum and Niobium Mineralogy, Geochemistry, Characteristics of Primary Ore Deposits, Prospecting, Processing and Applications Proceedings of a workshop in Berlin, November 1986. Berlin: Springer Berlin, 2014.

- “Bastnäsite.” Wikipedia. September 04, 2017. Accessed September 22, 2017. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bastn%C3%A4site.

- “Cerium.” Wikipedia. September 19, 2017. Accessed September 22, 2017. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerium.

- “Monazite.” Wikipedia. August 30, 2017. Accessed September 22, 2017. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monazite.

- “Neodymium.” Wikipedia. September 19, 2017. Accessed September 22, 2017. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neodymium.

- Dijk, Bert Van. “Bayan Obo Mine.” Getty Images. February 01, 2013. Accessed September 22, 2017. http://www.gettyimages.dk/detail/ news-photo/rare-earth-mine-in-baiyunebo-or-bayan-obo-baiyunebo-or-news-photo/160738130#rareearth-mine-in-baiyunebo-or-bayan-obo-baiyunebo-or-bayan-obo-is-a-picture-id160738130.

Google Maps. Accessed October 22, 2017. https://www.google.dk/maps/place/Baotou, Indre Mongoliet, Kina/@40.6631563,109.7163326,11z/ data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x36045822173019db:0x9a11183c3fd75d7c!8m2!3d40.657978!4d109.840313.

- Maughan, Tim. “Future - The dystopian lake filled by the world’s tech lust.” BBC. April 02, 2015. Accessed September 22, 2017. http://www. bbc.com/future/story/20150402-the-worst-place-on-earth.

- “Main Page.” Wikipedia. October 21, 2017. Accessed October 22, 2017. https://www.wikipedia.org/. Search words: Scandium, Yttrium, Lanthanum, Cerium, Praseodymium, Neodymium, Promethium, Samarium, Europium, Gadolinium, Terbium, Dysprosium, Holmium, Erbium, Thulium, Ytterbium, Lutetium.

Flow_Janne

- Skinner, Brian J., and Stephen C. Porter. The dynamic earth: an introduction to physical geology. New York: Wiley, 2000.

- “Hvordan skabes de tunge grundstoffer?” Illustreret videnskab dk. January 16, 2017. Accessed October 22, 2017. http://illvid.dk/fysik/det-periodiske-system/hvordan-skabes-de-tunge-grundstoffer.

- Madsen, Peter Lund. Dr. Zukaroffs testamente: en bog om menneskehjernen. København: Gyldendal, 2012.

- Fan, Hong-Rui, Kui-Feng Yang, Fang-Fang Hu, Shang Liu, and Kai-Yi Wang. “The giant Bayan Obo REE-Nb-Fe deposit, China: Controversy and ore genesis.” Geoscience Frontiers 7, no. 3 (2016): 335-44. doi:10.1016/j.gsf.2015.11.005.

“Main Page.” Wikipedia. October 21, 2017. Accessed October 22, 2017. https://www.wikipedia.org/. Search words: Scandium, Yttrium, Lanthanum, Cerium, Praseodymium, Neodymium, Promethium, Samarium, Europium, Gadolinium, Terbium, Dysprosium, Holmium, Erbium, Thulium, Ytterbium, Lutetium, Monazite, Bastnäsite.

- Li, Ling Zhi, and Xiaosheng Yang. “China’s Rare Earth Resources, Mineralogy, and Beneficiation.” Rare Earths Industry, 2016, 139-50. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802328-0.00009-7.

- “”A First!” --Astronomers Observe a Supernova Collapse in Real Time.” The Daily Galaxy --Great Discoveries Channel. Accessed October 22, 2017. http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2017/04/astronomers-use-the-palomar-transient-factory-to-observe-a-supernova-collapse-in-real-time.html.

Kynicky, Jindrich, Martin P. Smith, and Cheng Xu. “Diversity of Rare Earth Deposits: The Key Example of China.” Elements. October 01, 2012.

Accessed October 22, 2017. http://elements.geoscienceworld.org/content/8/5/361/figures-only.

Flow_Rune Spatial situation

- Busk Petersen, Morten. “Apples glaskube med løg I New York”. Arkitekten. (2007) Vol. 109. No. 12 (64-65). 0004-198X. - Murcutt, Glenn et. Al. “Bohlin Cywinski Jakson: The Nature of Circumstance”. Pt. Reyes Station, Ca: Oro Editions. (2010). (417).

- Google Maps. Accessed October 22, 2017. https://www.google.dk/maps/place/Apple Fifth Avenue/@40.7638478,-73.9751672,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x89c258f0741ceda7:0x4fd23cddb7a3d144!8m2!3d40.7638478!4d-73.9729785.

DEAD SEA Index

1. Natural Historian. 2014. “Origins of the Dead Sea Part III: The Levant – A Land Literally Torn Apart”. Naturalis Historia. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/09/06/orgins-of-the-dead-sea-part-iii-the-levant-a-land-literally-torn-apart/ 2. Israel Forever. 2016. Pro Israel Forever. http://www.proisraelforever.com/post/139306290970/haifa-israel 3. Dredger @ Dead Sea - Photo Gallery. 2017. Dead Sea Works. http://www.iclfertilizers.com/Fertilizers/DSW/Pages/PhotoGallery.aspx 4. Chris Kozicki. 2017. “7 Uses for Granulated Potash”. Feeco International. http://feeco.com/7-granulated-potash/ 5. Welcome to ICL Specialty Fertilizers. 2017. ICL. https://icl-sf.com/us-en/ 6. Bookman, R., Enzel, Y., Agnon, A., Stein, M. “Lake Holocene lake levels of the Dead Sea”. GSA Bulletin 115 (5-6). doi: 10.1130/B25286.1 7. Free Blank World Map. 2017. Inspiring World Map Design. http://www.operationweekend.com/map/free-blank-world-map.html 8. Hammer, Joshua. “The Dying of the Dead Sea.” Smithsonian.com. October 01, 2005. Accessed October 15, 2017. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/the-dying-of-the-dead-sea-70079351/.

9. Soupy Hands. “ 54 The Dead Sea is shrinking, and as its waters vanish at a rate of more than one meter a year, hundreds of sinkholes, some the size of a basketball court, some several storeys deep, are devouring land where the shoreline once stood.” Digital image. Reddit . February 2017. Accessed October 15, 2017. https://www.reddit.com/r/EarthPorn/comments/5iobay/the_dead_sea_is_shrinking_and_as_its_waters/.

10. Yuval Nadel/Flash90. “Aerial view of sinkholes on the Dead Sea shoreline, September 30, 2010.” Digital image. Times of Israel. February 13, 2017. Accessed October 15, 2017. http://www.timesofisrael.com/as-dead-sea-dries-its-pit-pocked-shores-precipitate-return-to-nature/.

11. “Dead Sea in Jordan Rift Valley, Middle East.” Digital image. Earth Snapshot . October 07, 2011. Accessed October 14, 2017. http://www. eosnap.com/lakes/dead-sea-in-jordan-rift-valley-middle-east/.

Mapping

1. Fletcher 2010. “Cosco Freighter”. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:COSCO_Freighter.jpg 2. El-Hallaq, M & Habboub, Mohammed. 2014. “Using GIS for Time Series Analysis of the Dead Sea from Remotely Sensing Data”. Open Journal of Civil Engineering (04): 386-396. doi: 10.4236/ojce.2014.44033 3. Abdelaziz L. 2008. “Dead Sea Rate of Evaporation”. American Journal of Applied Sciences (5-8): 934-942. http://thescipub.com/PDF/ ajassp.2008.934.942.pdf 4. Government of Jordan. 2017. Jordan Red Sea Project Description.

5. British Geological Survey. 2016. World Mineral Statistics. Keyworth, Nottingham. NERC. https://www.bgs.ac.uk/mineralsuk/statistics/worldarchive.html 6. Israel Forever. 2016. Pro Israel Forever. http://www.proisraelforever.com/post/139306290970/haifa-israel 7. Kalium carbonicum. 2017. Homopatia Polska. http://homeopatiapolska.com/baza-wiedzy/leki-homeopaty 8. Fluid and Dry Fertlizers. 2017. Crop Nutrition. http://www.cropnutrition.com/efu-fluid-dry-fertilizerczne/materia-medica-1/113-kalium-carbonicum.html 9. Aerial view birds flying shot on rice fields. 2017. Shutterstock. https://www.shutterstock.com/video/clip-18922997-stock-footage-aerial-viewbirds-flying-shot-on-rice-field.html?src=rel/9843569:0

Flow_Aloka

1. “Moshe Novomeysky.” Wikipedia. July 13, 2017. Accessed October 01, 2017. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moshe_Novomeysky 2. “Dead Sea Works.” Life from the Dead Sea - Industries. Accessed October 01, 2017. http://www.wysinfo.com/Dead_Sea/dead_sea_works. htm#History_Works.

3. “Major Shareholders.” ICL. Accessed October 01, 2017. http://www.icl-group.com/investors/major-shareholders/.

4. Arab Potash Company - The History. Arab Potash Company - The History. Accessed October 01, 2017. http://www.arabpotash.com/Pages/ viewpage.aspx?pageID=4.

5. Arab Potash. Annual Report 2016 Partners in Food Security. Report no. 60. Accessed October 01, 2017. http://www.arabpotash.com/EchoBusV3.0/SystemAssets/PDFAR/2016_annual_english.pdf 6. “Israel’s Chemicals Industry: From the Desert to the Dead Sea.” AIChE. November 13, 2015. Accessed October 03, 2017. https://www.aiche. org/resources/publications/cep/2015/october/israels-chemicals-industry-desert-dead-sea.

Flow_Linn

1. Aquapedia Water Case Study, 2017. “The Role of the Red Sea-Dead Sea Water Conveyance Project for Regional Cooperation in the Jordan River Basin”. https://aquapedia.waterdiplomacy.org/wiki/index.php?title=The_Role_of_the_Red_Sea-Dead_Sea_Water_Conveyance_Project_for_Regional_Cooperation_in_the_Jordan_River_Basin 2. Basile Christaras, 2007. “COULD WATER CO-MANAGEMENT CONTRIBUTE TO PEACE, IN MIDDLE EAST?” Schematic presentation of the Red Sea – Dead Sea water transfer project (Beyth, 2007) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313237722/figure/fig1/AS:457344673947650@1 486050875258/Fig-2-Schematic-presentation-of-the-Red-Sea-Dead-Sea-water-transfer-project-Beyth.ppm 3. Abdelaziz L. 2008. “Dead Sea Rate of Evaporation”. American Journal of Applied Sciences (5-8): 934-942. http://thescipub.com/PDF/ ajassp.2008.934.942.pdf 4. Waldoks, Ehud Zion (2008-02-18). “Inside the National Water Carrier”. Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 2008-04-05 5. Korman, Sharon, The Right of Conquest: The Acquisition of Territory by Force in International Law and Practice, Oxford University Press, pp.

262–263 Satellite photo, Google 2017

Spatial situation

- “Naharayim electricity Station designed by Pinchas Rotenberg.” Attractions in Israel - Things to do in Israel. July 11, 2011. Accessed October 17, 2017. http://www.attractions-in-israel.com/judea-samaria-and-jordan-valley/js-miscellaneous/naharayim-hydroelectricity-station-designed-by-pinchas-rotenberg-%E2%80%93-israel-electric-company%E2%80%99s-first-power-station/.

- Mission, Our. “The Great and Electrifying Pinchas Ruttenberg. Who?” Picture a Day - The Holy Land Revealed. January 01, 1970. Accessed October 17, 2017. http://www.israeldailypicture.com/2012/07/the-great-and-electrifying-pinchas.html.

- “Pinhas Rutenberg was born.” Pinhas Rutenberg was born - Accessed October 17, 2017. http://www.zionistarchives.org.il/en/datelist/Pages/ Rutenberg.aspx#!prettyPhoto.

BORNHOLM

EUROPE

Index

1. Poul Ellehøj, Hårdt Som Sten: Moseløkken Arbejdende Stenbrudmuseum (Rønne, Hakon Holm, 1987), 26/47.

Jennifer Dyke and Kirsten Kure, Råstofruten: Fra Industri Til Kulturelt Pejlemaerke Et Besøgscenter i Klippeløkken Granitbrud (Appendix) (Copenhagen, KADK, 2016) 2. “Klimanormaler”, The Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), accessed 17 September 2017, www.dmi.dk/vejr/arkiver/normaler-og-ekstremer/ klimanormaler-dk/ 3. “Population by Island”, Danmarks Statistik, accessed 15 September 2017, www.statistikbanken.dk/statbank5a/default.asp?w=1440

Mapping

Ellehøj, Poul. Hårdt som sten. 3rd ed. Rønne: Hakon Holm, 1999

Flow_Sarah

1. Ellehøj, Poul. Hårdt som sten. 3rd ed. Rønne: Hakon Holm, 1999 “Moseløkken og Vang Granitbrud,” Bornholms Museum, accessed 19. September 2017, http://www.bornholmsmuseum.dk/besoeg/rundt-paabornholm/moseloekken-vang-granitbrud.aspx

Flow_Perla

1.“Stubbeløkken - Rønne Granitværk,” Tur 1 - Rønnes Undergrund, 357 Ture i Bornholms Natur, accessed 1. October 2017, http://367ture.dk/ture/ roennes-undergrund/stubbeloekken/ 2. Søren Koch Andersen, Atlas III, (Dansk Ornitologisk Fugleatlas, DOF Basen 2014-2017), https://dofbasen.dk/atlas/ 3.“Konflikter/forlig,” Arbejdsliv - Nordbornholms Graniteventyr - Bornholms Historie, Bornholms Museum, accessed 1. October 2017, http:// www.bornholmsmuseum.dk/udforsk/bornholms-historie/nordbornholms-graniteventyr/arbejdsliv/konflikterforlig.aspx 4. De Forenede Granitbrud, arbejdspladsen i Landemærket i Rønne,” Rønne Byarkiv, accessed 2. October 2017, http://www.roennebyarkiv.com/ de-forenede-granitbrud.html 5. NCC Roads Bornholm, accessed 3. October 2017, 1. http://www.wdbornholm.dk/ny_side_40.htm

Flow_Alex

1.“Topographic Maps”, QGIS, accessed 16 September 2017, www.qgis.org/en/site/index.html 2.“Granite”, Geology.com, accessed 3 October 2017, www.geology.com/rocks/granite.shtml

Spatial situation

1. DHM Danmarks Højde Model, Kortforsyningen, accesed 9/10 2017, https://download.kortforsyningen.dk/content/geodataprodukter?field_korttype_tid_1=440&field_aktualitet_tid=435&field_datastruktur_tid=All&field_scheme_tid=All 2. Victoria Ask, Maria Sidén, Fyrguide - Från Kattholmen Till Smygehuk, (Byggförlaget Stockholm, 2000) 3. Knud Peder Jensen, Lys Langs Kysten - Danske fyrtårne - Fra Skagen til Gedser, (Forlaget Hovedland, 2009)

BALANGERO Index

1) King, Hobart. ”Serpentine: mineral, gem, ornamental stone, asbestos source.” Geology.com. http://geology.com/minerals/serpentine.shtml (Accessed: 18. September 2017).

2) Morris, Jim. 2010. Key findings - dangers in the dust. Center for Public Integrity. https://www.publicintegrity.org/2010/07/21/3628/key-findings (Accessed: 14. September 2017).

3) Kazan, Steven. 2015. ”Italian Asbestos Mine Offers Hope For an End to Mesothelioma. California Mesothelioma Asbestos Lawyers” Kazan Law. https://www.kazanlaw.com/italian-asbestos-mine-offers-hope-for-an-end-to-mesothelioma/ (Accessed: 13. September 2017).

4) Marinaccio, Alessandro. 2015. Malignant mesothelioma due to non-occupational asbestos exposure from the Italian national surveillance systemImage. http://oem.bmj.com/content/72/9/648 (Accessed: 15. September 2017).

5) Frank, Arthur L. and T.K. Joshi. 2017. The Global Spread of Asbestos. Science Direct. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S2214999614003191 (Accessed: 13. September 2017).

6) O A. 2017. Asbestos Mine in Italy. M3 Associates. http://www.m3associates.co.uk/?page_id=6374 (Accessed: 12. September 2017).

7) O A. World average annual growth rates. Image. https://gailtheactuary.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/world-average-growth-rates.png (Accessed: 12. September 2017).

8) Allen, Lucy. 2017. ASBESTOS ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF BANS AND DECLINING PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTON. Euro.who.int. http:// www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/341757/Asbestos_EN_WEB_reduced.pdf?ua=1 (Accessed: 13. September 2017).

9) ERM Umwelt Consult Rhein-Main-Neckar GmbH. 1996. ”Asbestos - Overview and Handling Recommendations.” www.nzdl.org. http://www. nzdl.org/gsdlmod?e=d-00000-00---off-0hdl--00-0----0-10-0---0---0direct-10---4-------0-1l--11-ky-50---20-preferences---00-0-1-00-0--4----0-0-11-100utfZz-8-00&cl=CL1.1&d=HASH011321ce4efc2579cf71e500&gt=2 (Accessed: 14. September 2017).

10) Don, Andrew. 2017. Asbestos: the hidden health hazard in millions of homes. the Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/money/2011/ may/01/asbestos-hidden-health-hazard (Accessed: 13. September 2017).

11) LEONELLI, C, P VERONESI, D BOCCACCINI, M RIVASI, L BARBIERI, F ANDREOLA, I LANCELLOTTI, D RABITTI and G PELLACANI. 2006. Microwave thermal inertisation of asbestos containing waste and its recycling in traditional ceramics. sciencedirect. http://www.sciencedirect.com/ science/article/pii/S0304389405007454?via%3Dihub (Accessed: 17. September 2017).

12) Becklake, Margreth. 2017. Asbestos-Related Diseases. Iloencyclopaedia.org. http://iloencyclopaedia.org/part-i-47946/respiratory-system/21-10-respiratory-system/asbestos-related-diseases (Accessed: 13. September 2017).

13) O A. 2017. Turin · Population. Population.city. http://population.city/italy/turin/ (Accessed: 15. September 2017).

14) Ilgren, Edward. 2015. Critical reappraisal of Balangero chrysotile and mesothelioma risk. Research Gate. https://www.researchgate.net/ publication/282981968_Critical_reappraisal_of_Balangero_chrysotile_and_mesothelioma_risk (Accessed: 20. September 2017).

15) Arango, Clara. 2012. ”RE-USED LANDSCAPES Case Study: BALANGERO E CORIO ASBESTOS MINE” Ebook. MILANO, ITALY: POLITECNICO DI MILANO. https://www.politesi.polimi.it/bitstream/10589/57901/1/120528-CLARA_ARANG0_THESIS-DRAFT.pdf (Accessed: 12. September 2017).

16) O A. Italy industry. Image. http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/europe/italy_ind_1972.jpg (Accessed: 13. September 2017).

111

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Mapping

1) Kazan, Steven. 2015. ”Italian Asbestos Mine Offers Hope For an End to Mesothelioma. California Mesothelioma Asbestos Lawyers” Kazan Law. https://www.kazanlaw.com/italian-asbestos-mine-offers-hope-for-an-end-to-mesothelioma/ (Accessed: 13. September 2017).

2) Allen, Lucy. 2017. ASBESTOS ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF BANS AND DECLINING PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION. Euro.who.int. http:// www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/341757/Asbestos_EN_WEB_reduced.pdf?ua=1 (Accessed: 16. September 2017).

3) ERM Umwelt Consult Rhein-Main-Neckar GmbH. 1996. ”Asbestos - Overview and Handling Recommendations.” www.nzdl.org. http://www. nzdl.org/gsdlmod?e=d-00000-00---off-0hdl--00-0----0-10-0---0---0direct-10---4-------0-1l--11-ky-50---20-preferences---00-0-1-00-0--4----0-0-11-100utfZz-8-00&cl=CL1.1&d=HASH011321ce4efc2579cf71e500&gt=2 (Accessed: 14. September 2017).

4) Ilgren, Edward. 2015. Critical reappraisal of Balangero chrysotile and mesothelioma risk. Research Gate. https://www.researchgate.net/ publication/282981968_Critical_reappraisal_of_Balangero_chrysotile_and_mesothelioma_risk (Accessed: 20. September 2017).

5) O A. 2017. Asbestos Mine in Italy. M3 Associates. http://www.m3associates.co.uk/?page_id=6374 (Accessed: 12. September 2017).

6) Morris, Jim. 2010. Key findings - dangers in the dust. Center for Public Integrity. https://www.publicintegrity.org/2010/07/21/3628/key-findings (Accessed: 20. September 2017).

7) LEONELLI, C, P VERONESI, D BOCCACCINI, M RIVASI, L BARBIERI, F ANDREOLA, I LANCELLOTTI, D RABITTI and G PELLACANI. 2006. Microwave thermal inertisation of asbestos containing waste and its recycling in traditional ceramics. sciencedirect. http://www.sciencedirect.com/ science/article/pii/S0304389405007454?via%3Dihub (Accessed: 17. September 2017).

8) Studio, Share. 2011. BALANGERO AND CORIO MINING SITE. ShARestudio. http://www.sharestudio.it/en/portfolio/redevelopment-of-balangero-and-corio-mining-site/ (Accessed: 12. September 2017).

Flow_Christian

1) Riskope, Oboni. 2017. Balangero asbestos mine dumps restoration a few years after, in the a…. Slideshare.net. https://www.slideshare. net/Foboni/balangero-asbestos-mine-dumps-restoration-a-few-years-after-in-the-aftermath-of-quinn-storm-and-rolf-medicane-events (Accessed: 13. September 2017).

Flow_Johanne

1) Becklake, Margreth. 2017. Asbestos-Related Diseases. Iloencyclopaedia.org. http://iloencyclopaedia.org/part-i-47946/respiratory-system/21-10-respiratory-system/asbestos-related-diseases (Accessed: 13. September 2017).

2) Allen, Lucy. 2017. ASBESTOS ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF BANS ANF DECLINING PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTON. Euro.who.int. http:// www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/341757/Asbestos_EN_WEB_reduced.pdf?ua=1 (Accessed: 26. September 2017).

3) Jost, Kenneth. 2003. Asbestos Litigation. CQ Researcher by CQ Press. http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/document.php?id=cqresrre2003050200 (Accessed: 21. September 2017).

4) Shleynov, Roman. 2010. Russia: the World’s Asbestos Behemoth - International Consortium of Investigative Journalists. International Consortium of Investigative Journalists. https://www.icij.org/project/dangers-dust/russia-worlds-asbestos-behemoth (Accessed: 21. September 2017).

5) Morris, Jim. 2010. Key findings - dangers in the dust. Center for Public Integrity. https://www.publicintegrity.org/2010/07/21/3628/key-findings (Accessed: 22. September 2017).

Spatial situation

1) Studio, ShARe. 2011. BALANGERO AND CORIO MINING SITE. Sharestudio. http://www.sharestudio.it/en/portfolio/redevelopment-of-balangero-and-corio-mining-site/ (Accessed: 12. September 2017).

2) O A. 2017. Asbestos Mine in Italy. M3 Associates. http://www.m3associates.co.uk/?page_id=6374 (Accessed: 12. September 2017).

3) Kazan, Steven. 2015. ”Italian Asbestos Mine Offers Hope For an End to Mesothelioma. California Mesothelioma Asbestos Lawyers” Kazan Law. https://www.kazanlaw.com/italian-asbestos-mine-offers-hope-for-an-end-to-mesothelioma/ (Accessed: 13. September 2017).

4) Mauney, Matt. 2016. Asbestos Products & Materials - Products Containing Asbestos. Mesothelioma Center - Vital Services for Cancer Patients & Families. https://www.asbestos.com/products/ (Accessed: 10. Oktober 2017).

5) Bernardoni, Simona. 2011. Sito minerario di Balangero e Corio. Image. http://www.archilovers.com/projects/43234/sito-minerario-di-balangero-e-corio.html (Accessed: 14. Oktober 2017).

LARDARELLO

5. Mike. SICILY / ITALY NOTES. Accessed October 24, 2017. http://www.lodico.org/mike/images/Notes/Salt-of-Petralia.html.

Flow_Isak

1. http://www.iea.org/workshop/work/hdv/duleep.pdf K. G. Duleep. Heavy Duty Truck Fuel Economy. Report. Berlin, 2011.

2. http://www.beagleybrown.com/planes-trains-or-automobiles-carbon-emissions-compared-for-different-forms-of-transport/ “Planes, Trains or Automobiles? – Carbon Emissions Compared for Different Forms of Transport.” BEAGLEYBROWN DESIGN RSS. Accessed October 14, 2017. http://www.beagleybrown.com/planes-trains-or-automobiles-carbon-emissions-compared-for-different-forms-of-transport/.

3. https://www.afdc.energy.gov/data/10311 4.http://www.ics-shipping.org/shipping-facts/environmental-performance/comparison-of-co2-emissions-by-different-modes-of-transport.

“Comparison of CO2 Emissions by Different Modes of Transport.” ICS | Comparison of CO2 Emissions by Different Modes of Transport. Accessed October 24, 2017. http://www.ics-shipping.org/shipping-facts/environmental-performance/comparison-of-co2-emissions-by-different-modes-oftransport.

5. http://shrinkthatfootprint.com/shrink-your-travel-footprint. “6: Shrink your travel footprint.” Shrinkthatfootprint.com. Accessed October 12, 2017. http://shrinkthatfootprint.com/shrink-your-travel-footprint.

6. https://www.google.dk/maps

Flow_Martin

1. http://www.ghh-fahrzeuge.de/en/products/hre/ GHH-Fahrzeuge: HRE. Accessed October 24, 2017. http://www.ghh-fahrzeuge.de/en/products/hre/.

2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caterpillar_Inc “Caterpillar Inc.” Wikipedia. October 11, 2017. Accessed October 24, 2017. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caterpillar_Inc. 3. http://www.ghh-fahrzeuge.de/de/start/ GHH-Fahrzeuge: Start. Accessed October 24, 2017. http://www.ghh-fahrzeuge.de/de/start/.

4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandvik “Sandvik.” Wikipedia. October 24, 2017. Accessed October 24, 2017. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandvik.

5. http://www.miningandengineeringindo.com/For-Visitors/exhibitor-list/Jiangxi/ “Jiangxi Siton Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd.” M& E Indonesia. September 25, 2012. Accessed October 24, 2017. http://www.miningandengineeringindo.com/For-Visitors/exhibitor-list/Jiangxi/.

6. https://home.komatsu/en/ Komatsu Ltd. Accessed October 24, 2017. https://home.komatsu/en/.

7. https://insights.abnamro.nl/en/2013/05/iron-ore-outlook/ “Iron ore outlook - presentation.” Insights. December 09, 2013. Accessed October 24, 2017. https://insights.abnamro.nl/en/2013/05/iron-oreoutlook/.

Spatial situation

1. https://ny.curbed.com/2014/2/9/10145722/crazy-salt-shed-to-rise-soon-in-tribeca Amato, Rowley. “Crazy Salt Shed to Rise Soon in Tribeca.” Curbed NY. February 09, 2014. Accessed October 24, 2017. https://ny.curbed. com/2014/2/9/10145722/crazy-salt-shed-to-rise-soon-in-tribeca.

2. http://www.dattner.com/portfolio/spring-street-salt-shed/ “Spring Street Salt Shed.” Dattner Architects. Accessed October 24, 2017. http://www.dattner.com/portfolio/spring-street-salt-shed/.

3. https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/17/nyregion/a-building-that-resembles-what-it-stores-salt-for-new-york-citys-roads.html Dunlap, David W. “A Building That Resembles What It Stores: Salt for New York City’s Roads.” The New York Times. September 16, 2015.

Accessed October 24, 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/17/nyregion/a-building-that-resembles-what-it-stores-salt-for-new-york-citysroads.html.

4. http://untappedcities.com/2013/08/30/cities-101-salt-sheds-nyc-architecture-porn/ “Cities 101: Salt Sheds in NYC as Architecture Porn.” Untapped Cities. August 29, 2013. Accessed October 24, 2017. http://untappedcities. com/2013/08/30/cities-101-salt-sheds-nyc-architecture-porn/.

5. http://www.holiday-weather.com/new_york_city/averages/ “New York: Annual Weather Averages.” Weather and temperature averages for New York, USA. Accessed October 24, 2017. http://www. holiday-weather.com/new_york_city/averages/.

Index

1.Fondazione Giovanni Michelucci, Michelucci a Larderello - il piano urbanistico e le architetture (Firenze: 2011) 2.Dante Alighieri, The Divine Comedy - Inferno (San Diego: 2013) 3.The Renewable Energy Website, Larderello Worlds First Geothermal Power Station, http://www.reuk.co.uk/wordpress/geothermal/larderello-worlds-first-geothermal-power-station/, accessed 23.10.2017 4.Musumeci, Bocini and Corsi, ”Alpine tectonothermal evolution”, 443-456 5.Mindat.org, ”Larderello, Pomerance”

Index

1.Fondazione Giovanni Michelucci, Michelucci a Larderello - il piano urbanistico e le architetture (Firenze: 2011) 2.Elena Biserna, Voices, subjects and communities - a conversation with Mikhail Karikis (Digicult: 2012), http://www.digicult.it/news/voices-subjects-communities-conversation-mikhail-karikis/, accessed 23.10.2017 3.Mikhail Karikis, Children of Unquiet (2015), http://www.mikhailkarikis.com/2015/07/20/video-children-of-unquiet/, 23.10.2017

1.“1969: Ekofisk - A Christmas Surprise”. 2017. Hydro.Com. http://www.hydro.com/en/about-hydro/our-history/1946---1977/1969-ekofisk---achristmas-surprise/. (accessed 12 sep. 2017) 2.“ Historical and expected production in Norway, 1970-2021”. 2017. Norwegian Petroleum Directorate http://www.norskpetroleum.no/en/ production-and-exports/oil-and-gas-production/.

3.“ Production from the field”. 2017. Norwegian Petroleum Directorate http://www.norskpetroleum.no/en/facts/field/ekofisk/ (accessed 15 sep.

2017) 4.’’The geological timeline’’. 2017. Norwegian Petroleum Directorate. http://www.norskpetroleum.no/en?attachment_id=16226 (accessed 15 sep. 2017) 5.‘‘Crude oil exports’’. 2017. Norwegian Petroleum Directorate, Statistics Norway/IHS/IEA/BP. http://www.norskpetroleum.no/en?attachment_ id=16504 (accessed 12 sep. 2017) 6.’’hengplasticmx’’. 2017. Plastic bottles. Image. http://hengplasticmx.eu/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/blue-and-green-plastic-bottles1.jpg 7.Njapa. 2017. Asphalt-Tire. Image. http://www.njapa.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/NJAPA-Asphalt-Tire.jpg 8.David Turnley. Getty Images. 2017. Veteran paratroopers jumping from plane. Image. http://www.gettyimages.dk/detail/news-photo/americanworld-war-ii-veteran-paratroopers-jump-from-a-news-photo/635936283#american-world-war-ii-veteran-paratroopers-jump-from-a-plane-tothe-picture-id635936283

Flow_Ella

Mapping

Mapping

112

EKOFISK

1.ThinkGeoEnergy, Top 10 Geothermal Countries - Geothermal Power (November 2016), http://www.thinkgeoenergy.com/latest-top-10-list-of-geothermal-countries-november-2016-power-generation-capacity/, accessed 23.10.2017 2.ThinkGeoEnergy, Top 10 Countries - Geothermal Power Generation Capacity (January 2015), http://www.thinkgeoenergy.com/newest-list-ofthe-top-10-countries-in-geothermal-power/, accessed 23.10.2017 3.John W. Lund and Tonya L. Boyd, Direct Utilization of Geothermal Energy 2015 Worldwide Review (Oregon Institute of Technology: april 2015)

Flow_Bodil

1 Elena Biserna, Voices, Subjects and Communities. A Conversation with Mikhail Karikis, http://www.digicult.it/news/voices-subjects-communities-conversation-mikhail-karikis/, accessed 23.10.17 Radio Papesse, Children of Unquiet, A Project of Mikhail Karikis (2014) http://www.radiopapesse.org/en/projects/children-of-unquiet, accessed 23.10.17 2 Karsten Eig, The Heat is On in Tuscany (2016), http://karsteneig.no/2016/09/the-heat-is-on-in-tuscany/, accessed 23.10.17 3 Aida Audeh, Gustave Doré, http://www.worldofdante.org/gallery_dore.html, accessed 23.10.17 Anika Burgess, Mapping Dante’s Inferno, One Circle of Hell at a Time (2017), http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/mapping-dante-hell-inferno-satan-divine-comedy, accessed 23.10.17 4 Vroma, Roman Baths and Bathing (2011) http://www.vroma.org/~bmcmanus/baths.html, accessed 23.10.17 Crystalinks, Ancient Roman Baths, http://www.crystalinks.com/romebaths.html, accessed 23.10.17 5 Maurizio Marchi, Geotermia, inquinamento, enormi incentivi pubblici e poca occupazione (2017), http://www.senzasoste.it/md-geotermia-inquinamento-enormi-incentivi-pubblici-poca-occupazione/, accessed 23.10.17

Spatial situations

1.Archive Fondazione Michelucci, Chiesa dei SS. Pietro e Girolamo, http://www.architetturatoscana.it/at2011/scheda.php?scheda=PT02, accessed 23.10.2017 2.Archive Fondazione Michelucci, Chiesa della Beata Maria Vergine, http://www.architetturatoscana.it/at2011/scheda.php?scheda=PI03, accessed 23.10.2017 3.Da Wikipedia, l’enciclopedia libera, Chiesa delle Sante Maria e Tecla, https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiesa_delle_Sante_Maria_e_Tecla, accessed 23.10.2017 4.ProLocoArzignano, Chiesa di San Giovanni Battista, http://www.prolocoarzignano.it/itinerari-strutture-e-luoghi/chiesa-san-giovanni-battista. html, accessed 23.10.2017 5.Davide Turrini, Chiesa di San Giovanni Battista a Firenze (1960-1964) di Giovanni Michelacci (July 10, 2006), http://www.architetturadipietra. it/wp/?p=225, accessed 23.10.2017 6.Fondazione Giovanni Michelucci, Michelucci a Larderello - il piano urbanistico e le architetture (Firenze: 2011) 7.Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Informes de la Construcción, Vol 12, No 120 (1960)

PETRALIA Index

1. https://www.freedoniagroup.com/brochure/28xx/2857smwe.pdf / iÊ Àii` >Ê À Õ«]Ê V°ÊÇÈÇÊ iÌ>Ê À Ûi]Ê iÛi > `]Ê" ÊUÊ{{£{Î ÓÎÓÈ]Ê1- ]Ê7iLÊÃ Ìi\ÊÜÜÜ°vÀii` >}À Õ«°V 2. http://www.maldonsalt.co.uk/About-Salt-The-many-uses-of-Salt.html The many uses of Salt. Accessed October 20, 2017. http://www.maldonsalt.co.uk/About-Salt-The-many-uses-of-Salt.html.

3. http://www.worldatlas.com/articles/20-top-salt-exporting-countries.html Pariona, Amber. “Top 20 Salt Exporting Countries.” WorldAtlas. July 13, 2016. Accessed October 24, 2017. http://www.worldatlas.com/ articles/20-top-salt-exporting-countries.html.

4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_salt_production “List of countries by salt production.” Wikipedia. October 23, 2017. Accessed October 24, 2017. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_salt_production.

5. http://eusalt.com/salt-production “Salt Production.” Salt Production | Salt is Life. October 04, 2017. Accessed October 24, 2017. http://eusalt.com/salt-production.

6. http://italkali.com/en/ “Leader nel mercato del sale per uso domestico e industriale.” Italkali. Accessed October 24, 2017.

Mapping

1. http://italkali.com/en/ “Leader nel mercato del sale per uso domestico e industriale.” Italkali. Accessed October 24, 2017. http://italkali.com/en/.

2. http://www.saltworkconsultants.com/blog/danakil-potash-k2so4-across-the-neogene-implications-for-danakhil-potash “Salty Matters.” Danakil potash: K2SO4 across the Neogene: Implications for Danakhil potash. Accessed October 24, 2017. http://www. saltworkconsultants.com/blog/danakil-potash-k2so4-across-the-neogene-implications-for-danakhil-potash.

3. http://italia.indettaglio.it/eng/sicilia/petraliasoprana.html “Petralia Soprana.” ZIP 90026 (PA) Sicilia, Italy. Data and useful information. Accessed October 24, 2017. http://italia.indettaglio.it/eng/sicilia/ petraliasoprana.html.

4. http://www.lodico.org/mike/images/Notes/Salt-of-Petralia.html

1.”PICTURE OF THE EKOFISK COMPLEX”. 2017. Norwegianpetroleum.No. Accessed September 12. http://www.norskpetroleum.no/en/framework/ekofisk_complex_press-photo3_conocophillips1440x720/ 2.Barer, David. 2013. “An Oil Refinery Is Pictured 22 September”. Stateimpact Texas. https://stateimpact.npr.org/texas/2013/03/20/comingsoon-to-the-tceq-greenhouse-gas-permits/an-oil-refinery-is-pictured-22-september/.

3.Hommedal, Marit. 2017. “Statoil Kan Ha Tapt Tre Milliarder På Mongstad - Hegnar.No”. Hegnar.No. http://www.hegnar.no/Nyheter/Boers-finans/2017/02/Statoil-kan-ha-tapt-tre-milliarder-paa-Mongstad.

4.”Coral Star - Anthony Veder”. 2017. Anthony Veder. Accessed September 12. https://www.anthonyveder.com/fleet/coral-star/.

Flow_Daniel 1.Norwegian Petroleum Directorate. 2017. Oil pipelines on the Norwegian shelf. Image. http://www.norskpetroleum.no/en?attachment_ id=16859

Flow_Vetle

1.Terdre, Nick. 2004. “Conocophillips Paves The Way For Removal Of Giant Ekofisk Tank”. Offshore-Mag.Com. http://www.offshore-mag.com/ articles/print/volume-64/issue-8/construction-installation/conocophillips-paves-the-way-for-removal-of-giant-ekofisk-tank.html.

2.“Image Gallery 3 Phase Separator”. 2017. Keywordsuggest.Org. http://keywordsuggest.org/gallery/1398811.html.

3.Kulturminne Ekofisk”. 2017. Kulturminne-Ekofisk.No. http://www.kulturminne-ekofisk.no/modules/module_123/templates/ekofisk_publisher_template_category_2.asp?strParams=8%233%23543l774l744l835l978%23&iCategoryId=136&iInfoId=0&iContentMenuRootId=&strMenuRootName=&iSelectedMenuItemId=1168&iMin=495&iMax=496.

4.“Kulturminne Ekofisk”. 2017. Kulturminne-Ekofisk.No. Accessed September 22. http://www.kulturminne-ekofisk.no/modules/module_123/ templates/ekofisk_publisher_template_category_2.asp?strParams=8%233%23543%23848&iCategoryId=443&iInfoId=0&iContentMenuRootId=&strMenuRootName=&iSelectedMenuItemId=1295&iMin=587&iMax=588.

5.“Ekofisk 2/4 T På Slep Ut Gandsfjorden”. 2017. Digitaltmuseum.No. Accessed September 22. https://digitaltmuseum.no/011015065906/ekofisk-2-4-t-pa-slep-ut-gandsfjorden?aq=text%3A%22ekofisk%22%2C%222%2F4%22%2C%22t%22+owner%3F%3A%22NOM%22&i=574.

6.“Tanken Bygges”. 2017. Kulturminne-Ekofisk.No. http://www.kulturminne-ekofisk.no/modules/module_123/templates/ekofisk_publisher_template_category_1.asp?strParams=7%233%23%231782%235&iCategoryId=1108&iInfoId=0&iContentMenuRootId=&strMenuRootName=&iSelectedMenuItemId=1587&iMin=116&iMax=117.

7.“Bunnseksjonene Av Beskyttelsesveggene Til Ekofisk 2/4 T Under Støping I Tørrdokken I Verolme-Dokken I Rotterdam, Nederland”. 2017.

Digitaltmuseum.No. Accessed September 22. https://digitaltmuseum.no/011015075127/bunnseksjonene-av-beskyttelsesveggene-til-ekofisk-2-4-t-under-stoping-i?i=320&aq=text%3A%22Ekofisk%22%2C%222%2F4%22%2C%22T%22+owner%3F%3A%22NOM%22.

8.“Beskyttelsesveggen Til Ekofisk 2/4 T Blir Festet Til Ekofisk 2/4 T”. 2017. Digitaltmuseum.No. Accessed September 22. https://digitaltmuseum. no/011015075599/beskyttelsesveggen-til-ekofisk-2-4-t-blir-festet-til-ekofisk-2-4-t?i=150&aq=text%3A%22ekofisk%22%2C%222%2F4%22%2C %22t%22+owner%3F%3A%22NOM%22.

9.“English: Costal And Maritime Norway: Changes In The Resource Base And Adaptive Ability : Fiskeripublikasjoner”. 2017. Kyst-Norge.No. Accessed September 22. http://www.kyst-norge.no/?k=3030&id=14217&aid=6860&daid=2052.

10.“Ekofisk 2/4 T - Beskyttelsesveggen Til Venstre - 2/4 T Til Høyre.”. 2004. Digitaltmuseum.No. https://digitaltmuseum.no/011015088253/ ekofisk-2-4-t-beskyttelsesveggen-til-venstre-2-4-t-til-hoyre?i=33&aq=text%3A%22ekofisk%22%2C%222%2F4%22%2C%22t%22+owner%3F%3A%22NOM%22.

11.“Johan Fredrik Selmer - Wikistrinda”. 2015. Strindahistorielag.No. http://www.strindahistorielag.no/wiki/index.php?title=Johan_Fredrik_Selmer.

Skeie, Jon. 2009. “Thor Furuholmen – Norsk Biografisk Leksikon”. Store Norske Leksikon. https://nbl.snl.no/Thor_Furuholmen.

SNOWDONIA Index

- “Britain’s first geological map by William Smith 1815.” Natural History Museum. Accessed September 14, 2017. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/ discover/first-geological-map-of-britain.html.

- British Geological Survey 1998 - 2017 (c)NERC mailto:www-bgs@bgs.ac.uk. “BGS maps portal — maps and sections 1832 to 2014.” BGS maps portal | OpenGeoscience | Our data | British Geological Survey (BGS). Accessed September 19, 2017. http://www.bgs.ac.uk/data/maps/home. html.

- “Cotswold Stone Slate Roofing Drawing.” Oliver Bridge. October 19, 2015. Accessed September 19, 2017. http://oliverbridgearchitects. co.uk/2015/10/19/cotswold-stone-slate-roofing/.

- “Mountain weather forecast of Snowdonia.” Met Office. Accessed September 14, 2017. http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/moun-

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions tain-forecasts/snowdonia.

- “Shipping - Wales Coast Path.” Industrial history - Porthmadog. Accessed September 14, 2017. http://www.walescoastpath.gov.uk/ explore-by-area/menai-ll%C5%B7n-meirionnydd/industrial-history-porthmadogs-slate-trade/?lang=en.

- “Snowdonia’s Geological History.” Eryri - Snowdonia. Accessed September 19, 2017. http://www.eryri-npa.gov.uk/visiting/ogwen/darwins-snowdonia/geological-history.

- “Slate Production In Procent.” Tudalen Gartref Llechwefan. Accessed September 14, 2017. http://www.llechicymru.info/ISlateAreas.english. htm.

- Stephen Berwick, Anna Bullen, Barry Davies. Wales Underground - Welsh Slate. Accessed September 14, 2017. http://www.wales-underground.org.uk/slate.shtml?fref=gc&dti=131111807617239.

- Ukge. “Wales Fossil Collecting.” UK Fossil Collecting. Accessed September 14, 2017. https://ukfossils.co.uk/category/wales-north/.

- “Weather Safety Advice.” Eryri - Snowdonia. Accessed September 14, 2017. http://www.eryri-npa.gov.uk/visiting/safety-advice.

- “What Did Quarrymen Wear?” National Museum Wales. Accessed September 19, 2017. https://museum.wales/415/.

- “WILLIAM SMITH’S MAPS - Interactive.” William Smith’s Maps – Interactive. Accessed September 19, 2017. http://www.strata-smith.com/.

Mapping

- “OS 1st Edition Maps back to the 1920ies” Find by place - Map images - National Library of Scotland. Accessed September 19, 2017. http:// maps.nls.uk/geo/find/#zoom=15.27068684895834&lat=53.1658&lon=-4.0641&layers=64&b=7&point=53.1609,-4.0550.

Flow_Thorbjørn

- Air photo of Blaenau Ffestiniog. Digital image. Accessed October 3, 2017. http://orapweb.rcahms.gov.uk/coflein/G/GTJ22724.jpg.

- Slate miners. Digital image. Accessed October 3, 2017. https://i.pinimg.com/736x/b9/2e/a2/b92ea264d6714e580fbe3d5e6db05d4c--north-wales-cymru.jpg.

- “Cardiff Bay Oil Companies.” Digital image. Accessed October 3, 2017. https://i.pinimg.com/736x/00/0a/11/000a113cc4fa90db55f1e0334e6d40b2--cardiff-bay-oil-companies.jpg.

- “Vanished Cardiff.” Digital image. Accessed October 3, 2017. https://i.pinimg.com/736x/e3/a7/94/e3a794599ba0b00199824971ccc2b8e3.jpg.

- Cardiff Bay Site of the Senedd and WMC. Digital image. Accessed October 3, 2017. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/ Cardiff_Bay%2C_site_of_the_Senedd_and_WMC.jpg.

- Cardiff Central Train Station. Digital image. Accessed October 3, 2017. http://s0.geograph.org.uk/geophotos/03/84/19/3841993_ea6b8189.jpg.

- Driver, Toby. Cardiff 2011. Digital image. Accessed October 3, 2017. http://map.coflein.gov.uk/index.php?ency=cy&action=do_images&numlink=301223&cache_name=cG5tcnNuYW1lLGhhZm9kIGNvcHBlcndvcmtzX3NlYXJjaHR5cGUsYWR2YW5jZWQ=?r=1&sorttyp=catno&sortord=-1.

- Ffresh Restaurant, Millenium Center, Cardiff Bay. Digital image. Accessed October 3, 2017. http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-8aCNsk6VPmk/ TjfvIbam3iI/AAAAAAAAAeI/jDG04RTEQoM/s1600/Ffresh 036.jpg.

Flow_Emma Grace

- “Abandoned | The Dinorwic Slate Quarry, Wales.” Delve. Accessed October 05, 2017. http://www.delvemag.com/post/2015/1/19/abandoned-the-dinorwic-slate-quarry.

- Brockhurst, Mike. Walks in Snowdonia - Moelwyn Mawr. Accessed October 05, 2017. https://www.walkingenglishman.com/snowdonia7.html.

- Bromley, M. “RAIL MAP online.” Rail Map online - UK & Ireland. Accessed October 05, 2017. http://www.railmaponline.com/UKIEMap. php?lat=53.18680&lng=-4.17120.

- Caren. “The Bridge of Death...” Pinterest. March 13, 2016. Accessed October 05, 2017. https://www.pinterest.dk/pin/425308758540059791/.

- “Caernarvon Maps.” THE BRITISH LIBRARY. Accessed October 05, 2017. http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/ordsurvdraw/c/ - “Climbing http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/316/7137/S2-7137 seemed to go ...” Bmj 316, no. 7149 (1998). doi:10.1136/bmj.316.7149.3a.

- “Cobden-Chevalier Treaty.” Encyclopædia Britannica. Accessed October 05, 2017. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Cobden-Chevalier-Treaty.

- “Dinorwig Power Station Calculations.” First Hydro Company Dinorwig Power Station. Accessed October 05, 2017. http://www.fhc.co.uk/ dinorwig.htm.

- Dinorwig Power Station - Llanberis, Snowdonia, Wales. - Hydroelectric Power Stations numbers. Accessed October 05, 2017. http://www. waymarking.com/waymarks/WMP527_Dinorwig_Power_Station_Llanberis_Snowdonia_Wales.

- “Dinorwic Slate Quarry Map OS Edition.” Explore georeferenced maps - Full Screen - Map images - National Library of Scotland. Accessed October 05, 2017. http://maps.nls.uk/geo/explore/print/#zoom=14&lat=53.1214&lon=-4.0906&layers=1&b=1.

- “Http://ljournal.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/d-2016-154.pdf. “ Hydro-Electric Power Station diagrams engineering, 2016. doi:10.18411/d-2016-154.

- “Http://ljournal.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/d-2016-154.pdf. “ GWYNEDD QUARRYING LANDSCAPES SLATE QUARRIES, 2016. doi:10.18411/d-2016-154.

- Jollysoutherner. “Electric Mountain Dinorwig DVD.” YouTube. August 17, 2016. Accessed October 04, 2017. https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=d-Gbs_kXK8Q. - Jasonjonesfilms. YouTube. October 07, 2014. Accessed October 05, 2017. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=enUeHEipHt4.

- Ltd., DMM International. “UK’s Longest Sport Route - Climbing.” DMM Climbing Equipment. Innovative climbing gear, made in Wales. October 04, 2011. Accessed October 05, 2017. http://dmmclimbing.com/news/2011/10/uks-longest-sport-route/.

- “Map images.” Explore georeferenced maps - Map images - National Library of Scotland. Accessed October 04, 2017. http://maps.nls.uk/geo/ explore/#zoom=15&lat=53.1197&lon=-4.1080&layers=171&b=1.

- Mountain, Electric. “Dinorwic History.” Electric Mountain. Accessed October 05, 2017. http://www.electricmountain.co.uk/History.

- “More History of Dinorwig.” Dinorwic slate quarry. Accessed October 05, 2017. http://www.jarrelook.co.uk/Urbex/Dinorwic%20Slate%20 Quarry/Dinorwic_slate_quarry.htm.

- Popova, Maria. “Cartographies of Time: A Visual History of the Timeline.” Brain Pickings. September 17, 2016. Accessed October 05, 2017. https://www.brainpickings.org/2012/02/07/cartographies-of-time/.

- “Ruins by Iain Robinson.” Treasure Maps. Accessed October 05, 2017. http://www.iainrobinson.online/ruins.

- “Slides of Importance on the Power Station.” Construction. Accessed October 05, 2017. http://www.chesterart.co.uk/dinorwig/dinpres/con8. htm.

- “The Pump Storage Scheme.” Dinorwig Pump Storage Scheme. Accessed October 05, 2017. http://www.chesterart.co.uk/dinorwig/dinpres/ scheme.htm.

- “Welsh Slate.” Google Books. Accessed October 05, 2017. https://books.google.dk/books?id=HsbzCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA89&lpg=PA89&dq=wales%2Bsnowdonia%2Bslate%2Bmine%2Bsection%2Bplan%2Bdrawing&source=bl&ots=u0-EKh1T_u&sig=-OSqxaH0LxHNPxEwUCHHP2uZBt0&hl=da&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjw__n1-9bWAhWNYlAKHaphB2IQ6AEIbjAM#v=onepage&q=wales%20snowdonia%20slate%20mine%20 section%20plan%20drawing&f=false.

Xavier. “The energy storage problem.” Energy storage - briefing document. Accessed October 05, 2017. http://www.abelard.org/briefings/ energy_storage.php.

Spatial situation

- Adolphe Appia: (1862-1928): Musée cantonal des beaux-arts, Lausanne, du 17 juillet au 1er novembre 1992. Lausanne: Ecole Musée, 1992.

Philosophy on living space.

- Wakelin, Peter. Worktown: the drawings of Falcon Hildred. Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales, 2012.

BEVERLEY

OCEANIA

Index

- “Uranium mining overview”, World Nuclear association, (accessed 9, october.) http://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/nuclear-fuel-cycle/mining-of-uranium/uranium-mining-overview.as - “Uranium price value”, Ux consulting and trade tech,(accessed 7 october.) https://www.cameco.com/invest/markets/uranium-price - “Uranium facts in South Australia”, Government of South Australia, Department of State Development,(accessed 14 october) https://statedevelopment.sa.gov.au/resources/the-facts/the-facts-about-uranium-mining-in-south-australia

Mapping

- Government of south Australia - Minerals & Quarries http://minerals.statedevelopment.sa.gov.au/mining/mines_and_quarries - Government of south Australia - Beverly Uranium mine http://minerals.statedevelopment.sa.gov.au/mining/mines_and_quarries/beverley_and_beverley_north_mines - World Nuclear Association - Australian Uranium http://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/australia.aspx - World Nuclear Association - Australias uranium mines http://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/appendices/australia-s-uranium-mines.aspx - World nuclear association - How uranium ore is made into nuclear fuel http://www.world-nuclear.org/nuclear-basics/how-is-uranium-ore-made-into-nuclear-fuel.aspx - Flinders ranges - Aboriginal Culture http://www.flindersandoutback.com.au/flinders/culture-2/ - Micha Brix - Difference between Fission & Fusion http://www.wisdombog.com/6/2014/04/fission-fusion.html

Flow_Mike

- Google Maps - Distance & time - https://www.google.dk/maps/dir/Beverley+Mine,+Wooltana,+South+Australia,+Australien/Adelaide,+South+Australia,+Australien/@-32.5351987,136.4837535,7z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m13!4m12!1m5!1m1!1s0x6a929c22850005cf:0x2e2ce36391fcf696!2m2!1d139.5917272!2 d-30.1910602!1m5!1m1!1s0x6ab735c7c526b33f:0x4033654628ec640!2m2!1d138.6007456!2d-34.9284989 - Cameco - Uranium price - https://www.cameco.com/invest/markets/uranium-price - Scania - Truck performance - https://www.scania.com/global/en/home/products-and-services/trucks/our-range/g-series/performance.html - Royal Automobile Association - South Australian Fuel price - http://www.raa.com.au/motoring-road-safety/fuel/regional-fuel-prices - Environmental Defense Fund - Green Freight Math: How to Calculate Emissions for a Truck Move - http://business.edf.org/blog/2015/03/24/green-freight-math-how-to-calculate-emissions-for-a-truck-move/ - Container homeplans - Shipping container dimensions

- https://www.containerhomeplans.org/2015/01/shipping-container-dimensions/

Flow_Toan

- “Collection of maps at Beverley Mine”, (accessed 13 october) https://www.google.com.au/maps/@-30.5672915,139.1819872,273561m/data=!3m1!1e3 - “Nuclear waste decision and speculations”, Charis Chang,( accessed 15 october) http://www.news.com.au/technology/environment/australians-face-big-decision-on-nuclear-waste-dump/news-story/dac386f5403f21a105642d5bfa7f43c2 - “Political strategy”, control and discrimination of a /ethnicity/territory, William Lynch,( accessed 15 october) http://www.finalcall.com/artman/publish/Perspectives_1/Willie_Lynch_letter_The_Making_of_a_Slave.shtml - “Conflict of interests”, Peter Jean The advertiser, ,( accessed 15 october) http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/south-australia/aboriginal-leader-malcolm-tiger-mckenzie-pushing-for-nuclear-waste-dump-built-nearhis-home-in-the-flinders-ranges/news-story/15b0c59bccceb411640b0a3a8937cd15

Spatial situation

- Hiroyuki Nakajima, Tokyo Electric Power Co - Increasing Capacity to Central Tokyo,(accessed 17 october) - http://www.tdworld.com/underground-td/increasing-capacity-central-tokyo - Tokyo Electrical power company - Substations,(accessed 17 october) - https://www4.tepco.co.jp/en/corpinfo/ir/kojin/supply/transformation-e.html - Tokyo Electrical power company - Power supply & network,(accessed 17 october) - https://www4.tepco.co.jp/en/challenge/energy/pow-net-e.html - United states Nuclear regulatory - The Pressurized Water Reactor,(accessed 19 october) - https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/students/animated-pwr.html - Google - Map of japan - https://www.google.dk/maps/place/Japan/@31.7161979,120.2791511,4z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x34674e0fd77f192f:0xf54275d47c665 244!8m2!3d36.204824!4d138.252924 - Rockwill Electric ltd - 132kv transformer,(accessed 19 october) - http://www.rockwell-transformer.com/products/132kv-power-transformer-id1828.html

COOPERPEDY Index

- Inside the world of Australian opal miners who live underground. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/in-sight/wp/2016/11/16/inside-theworld-of-australian-opal-miners-who-live-underground/?utm_term=.11542c20ce0f. (Accessed: 12. September 2017).

- “Visit an undergournd mining Town”. Wired. https://www.wired.com/2016/12/tamara-merino-coober-pedy-explore-underground-mining-town-australian-outback/. (Accessed: 14. September 2017).

- “Coober Pedy - Opal Capital of the World (DOCUMENTARY).” Youtube. November 28, 2016. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4h9XwwgQKRQ. (Accessed: 13. September 2017). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bjomq-HKLd4.

- “How Much is Opal Really Worth?.” Youtube. May 29, 2008. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gIpiysGmx0Y. (Accessed: 15. September 2017).

- “Chasing the rainbow - The Feed.” Youtube. August 29, 2016. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QABwr2NWlTg. (Accessed: 12. September 2017).

- “Living underground in the Australian Outback.” Youtube. April 10, 2016. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SsrcR3x9QKA. (Accessed: 17.

September 2017).

- News.com.au. http://www.news.com.au/finance/business/trillion-shale-oil-find-surrounding-coober-pedy-can-fuel-australia/news-story/6335561639bd7f5c2f87c27d843c0bd3. (Accessed: 12. September 2017).

- La Lune Creative. http://tamaramerino.com/?gallery_page=slider&pp_gallery_id=1475386181. (Accessed: 12. September 2017).

- “Welcome to Coober Pedy, the world’s quirkiest town.” The Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/oceania/australia/ articles/Welcome-to-Coober-Pedy-the-worlds-quirkiest-town/. (Accessed: 13. September 2017).

- “’Hopping mad’ residents hit by outback flooding at Coober Pedy.” http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-04-10/hopping-mad-residents-hit-by-outback-flooding-at-coober-pedy/5379926. (Accessed: 14. September 2017).

- “Welcome to Coober Pedy, South Australia’s Outback.” Coober Pedy - Opal Capital of the World. http://www.cooberpedy.sa.gov.au/tourism#.

We8JsxO0OCR. (Accessed: 13. September 2017).

- “Welcome to the Opal Capital of the World.” District Council of Cooper Pedy. https://www.cooberpedy.sa.gov.au/page.aspx?u=100. (Accessed: 15. September 2017).

- “INVITE: COOBER PEDY – TURN YOUR OLDE JUNK INTO ART.” Coober Pedy Regional Times. https://cooberpedytimes.com/. (Accessed: 16.

September 2017).

Mapping

- Location SA Map Viewer. http://location.sa.gov.au/viewer/?map=hybrid&x=139.12391&y=-34.86637&z=10&uids=120. (Accessed: 15. September 2017).

- ARCH GIS. http://www.arcgis.com/home/webmap/viewer.html?useExisting=1&layers=10df2279f9684e4a9f6a7f08febac2a9. (Accessed: 14.

September 2017).

- Open Street Map. http://www.openstreetmap.org/export#map=13/-29.0171/134.7717. (Accessed: 17. September 2017).

- “Tunnelling Machine Working “Brown’s Folly”, Coober Pedy, South Australia.” Youtube. September 12, 2016. https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=Ul5fMn5m8hA&feature=youtu.be. (Accessed: 18. September 2017).

- “Coober Pedy Opal mining.” Youtube. September 12, 2014. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ul5fMn5m8hA&feature=youtu.be. (Accessed: 15. September 2017).

- “timewarp: Coober Pedy - opal mining, Australia.” Youtube. February 11, 2011. (Accessed: 15. September 2017).

- “Welcome to Cooper Pedy.” Welcome to Cooper Pedy. http://www.cooberpedy.net/. (Accessed: 16. September 2017). ʺ ÕÃÌÀ> >ÊUÊ LiÀÊ*i`Þ\Ê/ iÊ «> ÊV ÌÞÊ vÊÌ iÊ`iÃiÀÌ°»Ê >ÀV` â iÀ°V °Ê ÌÌ«\ÉÉ >ÀV` â iÀ°V É« ÀÌv ÉV LiÀ «i`ÞÉ } ÌL Ý[group-36802]/13/. (Accessed: 15. September 2017).

Flow_Cordelia

- Government of South Australia. “Mining Act 1971.” Miscellaneous Purposes License Document, May 24, 2013, 1-21. Accessed September 22, 2017. http://minerals.dpc.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/258221/MPL_141.pdf.

- Minerals.dpc.sa.gov.au. Accessed September 22, 2017. http://minerals.dpc.sa.gov.au/mining/licensing_and_reporting.

- Minerals.dpc.sa.gov.au. Accessed September 223, 2017. http://minerals.dpc.sa.gov.au/mining/opal_mining/opal_mining_act_fees - Government of South Australia. “Mining Act 1971.” Lease Document, May 24, 2013, 1-25. Accessed September 23, 2017. http://minerals.dpc. sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/258230/EML_6411.pdf.

- Australia. “Mining Act 1971.” Ecolex. Accessed September 23, 2017. https://www.ecolex.org/details/legislation/mining-act-1971-lexfaoc044265/.

- South Australia. “Legislation Revision and Publication Act 2002.” Opal Mining Act 1995, July 1, 2013, 1-74. Accessed September 24, 2017. https://www.legislation.sa.gov.au/LZ/C/A/OPAL%20MINING%20ACT%201995/CURRENT/1995.102.UN.PDF. - South Australia. “Mining Act 1971.” December 8, 2016, 1-166. Accessed September 24, 2017. https://www.legislation.sa.gov.au/LZ/C/A/ MINING%20ACT%201971/CURRENT/1971.109.UN.PDF. - Government of South Australia. “Opal Mining - Precious Stones Prospecting Permit.” Www.sa.gov.au. Accessed September 22, 2017. http:// www.sa.gov.au/topics/business-and-trade/licensing/mining/opal-mining-precious-stones-prospecting-permit.

Flow_Carl

1: District Council of Coober Pedy. “Welcome to Coober Pedy, South Australia’s Outback.” Coober Pedy - Opal Capital of the World - Home.

Accessed October 25, 2017. https://www.cooberpedy.sa.gov.au/tourism#.WfBbo3Zx2xA. 2: 2011 Census QuickStats: Coober Pedy. Accessed October 25, 2017. http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2011/quickstat/SSC40126.

MCARTHUR Index

- “Mt Arthur Coal Mine, Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia” mining-technology.com http://www.mining-technology.com/projects/ mt-arthur/ - “Coal in Australia” wikipedia.org https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_in_Australia#/media/File:Australia_Coal_Production.png - “Coal in Australia” wikipedia.org https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_in_Australia#/media/File:Australia_Coal_Production.png - “Coal in Australia” wikipedia.org https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_in_Australia#/media/File:Australia_Coal_Production.png - “Historical Coal Prices and Price Charts” infomine.com http://www.infomine.com/investment/metal-prices/coal/all/ - “Regulatory information” bhp.com http://www.bhp.com/environment/regulatory-information - “Regulatory information” bhp.com http://www.bhp.com/environment/regulatory-information

Flow_Thea

- “Monitoring Air Quality” environment.nsw.gov.au http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/topics/air/monitoring-air-quality - “Regulatory information” bhp.com http://www.bhp.com/environment/regulatory-information - “Call for tougher pollution laws as Hunter tops list of hotspots” abc.net.au http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-04-02/call-for-tougher-pollutionlaws-as-hunter-tops-list-of-hotspots/6366696 - “Freeloaders: air and water pollution from NSW coal mines” lockthegate.org.au http://www.lockthegate.org.au/freeloaders - “Hunter Valley mine fined over toxic blast plume” abc.net.au http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-07-31/hunter-valley-mine-fined-over-toxicblast-plume/6661920 - “Life amongst coal mines and power stations” abc.net.au http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/lifematters/life-amongst-coal-minesand-power-stations/8740272 - “NSW environmental watchdog bashed over BHP’s coal pollution case” mining.com http://www.mining.com/nsw-environmental-watchdogbashed-over-bhps-coal-pollution-case/ - “Muswellbrook and Singleton need a 50 per cent reduction in air pollutants to meet new national standards | poll” newcastlestar.com.au http://www.newcastlestar.com.au/story/4413465/putting-a-price-on-clean-air/?cs=305 - “Toxic emissions surged after AGL acquired Bayswater coal-fired power plant” theguardian.com https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/sep/28/toxic-emissions-surged-after-agl-acquired-bayswater-coal-fired-power-plant

113

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Spatial situation

- “Coal Terminals Information Handbook” pwcs.com.au http://www.pwcs.com.au/media/1510/20141021_ctih_v53_emergency-contacts-and-contents.pdf

GRASBERG Index

- Egmont, Jon. “Freeport to Give Indonesia a Majority Stake in Its Grasberg Mine” www.nytimes.com https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/29/ business/indonesia-freeport-mcmoran-grasberg-deal-majority.html (accessed October 23rd, 2017).

- Coca, Nithin. “Indonesia’s Neverending Freeport-McMoRan Saga” www.thediplomat.com http://thediplomat.com/2017/07/indonesias-neverending-freeport-mcmoran-saga/ (accessed October 23rd, 2017).

- Asmarini, Wilda. “Freeport Indonesia mine workers extend strike for fourth month” www.reuters.com. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-freeport-mcmoran-indonesia-strike/freeport-indonesia-mine-workers-extend-strike-forfourth-month-idUSKBN1A61VJ (accessed October 23rd, 2017).

- Egmont, Jon. “Foreigners Have Long Mined Indonesia, but Now There’s an Outcry” www.nytimes.com. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/31/ business/energy-environment/indonesia-gold-mine-grasberg-freeport-mcmoran.html?mcubz=3 (accessed October 23rd, 2017).

- Morris, Jessica. “Why resource nationalism could be increasing” www.cnbc.com https://www.cnbc.com/2014/02/07/why-resource-nationalism-could-be-increasing.html (accessed October 23rd, 2017) - Chillymanjaro. “Papua New Guinea deforestation at critical level” https://watchers.news https://watchers.news/2011/10/30/papua-new-guinea-deforestation-at-critical-level/ (accessed October 23rd, 2017) - Taylor, Naj. “Norway’s ‘ethical divestment’ from Rio Tinto” www.aljazeera.com/ http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2011/08/201182913613680545.html (accessed October 23rd, 2017)

Mapping

- Ifansatsi, Ulet. “Indonesian Illegal gold mining” https://www.theguardian.com/world/gallery/2017/feb/06/indonesian-illegal-gold-mining--in-pictures - Ballard, C. “Freeport Mine” http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/where_we_work/new_guinea_forests/problems_forests_new_guinea/mining_new_guinea/papua_freeport_mine/ - “Flow diagram” http://www.comincoresources.com/project/exploration/FlowDiagram

Flow_Athena

- “The Environmental impacts of Freeport-Rio Tinto’s copper and gold mining operation in Indonesia – June 2006” www.freewestpapua.org. https://www.freewestpapua.org/documents/the-envronmental-imacts-of-freeport-rio-tintos-copper-and-gold-mining-operation-in-indonesia-june-2006/ (accessed October 23rd, 2017).

- “International Financial Flows and the Environment ” www.american.edu. https://www.american.edu/sis/gep/upload/WRI-AU-Practicum-FinalReport-5-31-2013.pdf (accessed October 23rd, 2017).

- Alonzo, Michael. “Capturing coupled riparian and coastal disturbance from industrial mining using cloud-resilient satellite time series analysis” ” www.nature.com. https://www.nature.com/articles/srep35129 (accessed October 23rd, 2017).

Flow_Georg

- Emont, Jon. “Freeport to Give Indonesia a Majority Stake in Its Grasberg Mine” www.nytimes.com https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/29/ business/indonesia-freeport-mcmoran-grasberg-deal-majority.html - Emont, Jon. “Foreigners Have Long Mined Indonesia, but Now There’s an Outcry” https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/31/business/energy-environment/indonesia-gold-mine-grasberg-freeport-mcmoran.html?mcubz=3 - “Grasberg, Open Pit, Indonesia” http://www.mining-technology.com/projects/grasbergopenpit/ - Warburton, Eve. “Resource nationalism in post boom Indonesia: The new normal?” https://www.lowyinstitute.org/publications/resource-nationalism-post-boom-indonesia-new-normal - Rotheroe, Dom. “Goodbye Indonesia” http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/peopleandpower/2013/01/201313018313632585.html

114

PAST INEQUALITY CHANGING ACTIVITY / BODIL EITERSTRAUM OPPORTUNITY POPULATION LIVELIHOOD AUTOMATION MOVEMENT ELLA NEUMAIER PERCEPTION EMOTION CULTURE SOCIETY ENERGY / MARTIN DANNESBROE SINGH EXTRACTION EXCAVATORS CORPORATION COMPONENTS COUNTRIES ISAK DYSTHE SØNDERLAND CO2 EMISSIONS AIR POLLUTION DISTRIBUTION TRANSPORT FUEL CONSUMPTION / DANIEL BEREKHETAB HABTEMARIAM TRANSPORTATION CAPACITY CONNECTION INFRASTRUCTURE STORAGE VETLE TELLEFSEN ENG CONSTRUCTION PROCESS HISTORY COOPERATE ABILITY / EMMA GRACE EDWARDS INFRASTRUCTURE ABANDONED CHIPPED CLIMBED INHABITED THORBJØRN RIIS HAMMEL LANGUAGE INDUSTRY PRESERVATION DISCONNECTION IDENTITY / TOAN MANH NGUYEN RADIATION DISPOSAL ANCIENT INDIFFERENT OPPOSITION MIKE LYNGSØ TIME DISTANCE VALUE POLLUTION CARGO / EMILIE CORDELIA KERT SØNDER ADMINISTRATION SELF ORGANIZATION INDIVIDUALISM/COMMUNITY HISTORICAL AND LOCAL ASPECTS ACTS AND AMENDMENTS CARL JUSTUS FUCHS ATTRACTION NECESSITY DEPENDENCE SURFACE/UNDERGROUND / THEA MARIE HASSELBALCH AIR POLLUTION HEALTH LIVING COMMUNITY CLIMATE JOHAN KLEVE NEJS PEOPLE JOBS CASUALISATION UNIONS RESPONSIBILITY / ATHENA WYLLER TAILINGS SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE REGULATIONS MINERAL COMPOSITIONS GEORG BUGGE REITAN IMPERIALISM POST-NEOLIBERALISM DISPLACEMENT SUPPRESSION TERRITORY DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

115

Phase 2 “The invention of the human was never simply about the ability to make tools as such... Even the hand axe associated with Homo erectus [...] is as old as 1.7 million years. Its symmetry – which required a huge investment of energy and a series of different tools and striking techniques to produce – offered no apparent functional advantage over the previous tools and it is found in very large numbers with so many having no traces of ever being used [...] the object was made to be looked at, tool as ornament, with its beauty offering a sexual advantage as a kind of advertisement of the good genes of whoever made it [...]”

Beatriz Colomina and Mark Wigley, Are We Human?

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Disintegrate

The process of formation is necessarily preceded by the process of disintegration.

One system breaks down, is transformed, and reforms as something new. The formation of limestone, a sedimentary material built up from successive layering of organic debris settling at the base of marine environments and compressed into rock by the overburdening of further sediments, is no different. Faxe Kalkbrud is one of the numerous limestone deposits which constitutes much of the Danish bedrock and was formed by the decomposition of a vast coral reef and the subsequent tectonic activity which saw it heaved to the surface.

In this installation, I looked to examine the nature and temporality of disintegration: the slow, steady erosion of a seemingly stable form by an unseen force. Over the course of the exhibition, a monolithic rectangular prism of compressed baking flour is seen to fracture and collapse beneath the consistent flow of air supplied by the pedestal fan suspended above.

118

Components Sculpture: Baking Flour (100mm x 100mm x 300mm) Mould: 19mm MDF (2 / 100mm x 100mm + 2 / 100mm x 340mm + 2 / 140mm x 340mm) Base: 19mm Form Ply (1200mm x 1200mm) Suspended Fan: 3mm Steel Cable (10m) + Pedestal Fan (readymade)

Faxe Kalkbrud

Alex Montgomery

Patent

a

ic

etr

om

xo n

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

pedestal fan extension chord plan

500x500 concrete columns

weight

7kg baking flour process of disintegration formply base

MDF template

3mm steel cable

air flow

elevation

119

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Inside vs Outside

Inspired by the contrasts I discovered in my previous research about plantations in Brazil I brought a mirror and photographed the monocultural inside and the more diverse outside of the quarry in the same shot. A common denominator was the clear demarcation between the inside of extraction site and the outside. Developing the tool, I wanted to create a device that would allow the user to see the immediate room behind and in front of them in the same frame in order to compare colors, textures and light intensity. This is solved by building a frame into which the user can insert a transparent sheet with thin strips of mirrors. Adding on to this, the development of the tool included experimenting with different types mirrors. With different grades of reflectivity, they each allow exploration of a contrasting factor. The plastic mirrors reflect the form, the paper mirror reflect color and the aluminium foil reflect light.

120

Components Dimensions: 500 x 377 x 15 mm Materials: Foam board 5mm, transparent sheet A3 x3, plastic mirror, paper mirror, aluminium foil, glue

Faxe Kalkbrud

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Amalie Aass Frank

Patent

500 mm 1:100

377 mm

1:5

121

1:10

5+5+5 mm

35 mm 3 mm

5 mm

15 mm

40mm 1:1

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Kinetic vision micro/macro

Looking towards the spatial and logistical aspects of the infrastructure and the flows rendered by transport in Maarmorilik in both a micro and a macro scale, establishes ground for a more thorough investigation on natural transport flows in Faxe. Studying the movement of water, dust, oxygen and limestone and differentiating them in distinguished scales yields an understanding of each of the isolated elements, thereby creating a complete understanding of the extraction site. The device expresses the duplicity (micro/macro) by framing the physical movement of water and simultaneously creating an illusion of a vast ocean. In this way, ‘kinetic vision’ represents both the abstraction and symbolic value of the transport of water in Faxe and the limestone as a concrete material, which insinuates a physical connection.

122

Components Dimensions: 115 x 20 x 20 cm (installation); 11 x 9 x 27 cm (kaleidoscope); 10 x 10 x 6 cm (petri dish)

Faxe Kalkbrud

plan 1:1 limestone in glass

plan 1:2

patent drawing - nov 2017 kinetic vision - micro macro amalie lykke baadsgaard

1. kaleidoscop formed after the eye 2. suction pipe for blowing 3. eight angle with tubes fasten the kaleidoscope in the tripod 4. petri dish and lid filled with water and limestone 5. wooden legs, stablize the kaleidoscope

a kaleidoscope framing water, bubbles and limestone:

1

4

5

3

2

elevation 1:5

axonometric 1:10

elevation 1:50 the device should be placed close to a light source

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions Amalie Lykke Baadsgaard Patent

123

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Faxe Kalkbrud

Veiling Wall

Looking towards the spatial and logistical aspects of the infrastructure and the flows rendered by transport in Maarmorilik in both a micro and a macro scale, establishes ground for a more thorough investigation on natural transport flows in Faxe. Studying the movement of water, dust, oxygen and limestone and differentiating them in distinguished scales yields an understanding of each of the isolated elements, thereby creating a complete understanding of the extraction site. The device expresses the duplicity (micro/macro) by framing the physical movement of water and simultaneously creating an illusion of a vast ocean. In this way, ‘kinetic vision’ represents both the abstraction and symbolic value of the transport of water in Faxe and the limestone as a concrete material, which insinuates a physical connection.

124

Dimensions: 450 cm x 200 cm x 2.5 cm Materials: Wooden panels / Tool Fabric / Screws / Staples / Limestone / Water / Acrylic Glue / Paintbrush / Bucket

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Athena Wyller

Patent

125

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Faxe Kalkbrud

Assembly Line of Rhythm

What defines the industrial village, and the industry, and how are they connected? In the industrial era, the two were dependent on each other - the village was in need of industry to create income and possibility of living, and the industry could not run without people. As the new technology of automation was introduced, this direct codependency nearly ceased to exist.

But although there is no longer an explicit relation, the shared past and location is a cohering factor.

The device (The Assembly line of Rhythm) produces movement, a specific movement, that mimics the rhythms of the soundscape - walking from Faxe city into the site of extraction. The unpredictable rhythms of the nature and the organic is being met with rhythmical sounds from the industry. Even though you can’t see the industry from the city, nor feel the physical closeness to it, the soundscape is evident of the relationship between the two.

126

Construction: Cement blocks x4, 140x140x210 mm / Nutx44 / Boltx23 / Boltfootx22 / Wood plank, 45x90x520 mm / Wood plank x2, 45x90x260 mm / Bracketx2 / Aluminum u-profile x2, 2000x10x10 mm / Wheelfromnetto-cart / Rubber band, 6000 mm Data recorder: Arduino Nano / Breadboard / Ultrasonicsensor / 10kOmpotentiometer / LCD16x2 / AA Alkaline battery x4 / Battery holder / Piece of foamcore / Jumper wire x22 Motor: Arduino Uno / Breadboard / H-bridgeHG7881 / DC adapter / DC motor x2 / AA Alkaline battery x6 / Battery holder / Nut x4, and bolt / Jumper wire x14

FIG. 5

A

FIG. 1

Fig.6

Fig.5

Fig.2 Fig.3 Fig.4

Fig.1

Index of drawing Data recorder - ultrasonic sensor connected to an LCD via an arduino Nano board, scale 1:1 Interfacing of ultrasonic sensor Interfacing of DC motor DC motor with bolt and nut - to pull the band of the assembly line, scale 1:2 Plan and section of construction as a whole, scale 1:10 Detail of construction, scale 1:2

A B C D E F G H I J K L

Ultrasonic sensor Liquid crystal display Breadbord on foam core AA Alkaline batteries Jumper wires DC Motor Threaded rod Plastic button Nut Cement block Wood Threaded rod and nut

C

FIG. 6

lcd.setCursor(0,0); lcd.print(distance); lcd.print(” cm”); delay(10); lcd.setCursor(0,1); lcd.print(”Distance: ”); lcd.print(distance); lcd.print(”cm”); delay(10); }

} void loop() { digitalWrite(trigpin,HIGH); delayMicroseconds(10); digitalWrite(trigpin,LOW); duration=pulseIn(echopin,HIGH); distance = duration*0.034/2; Serial.println(distance); duration = pulseIn(echopin, HIGH); distance= duration*0.034/2;

const int trigpin= 9; const int echopin= 10; long duration; int distance; void setup() { lcd.begin(16,2); B pinMode(trigpin,OUTPUT); pinMode(echopin,INPUT); Serial.begin(9600);

LiquidCrystal lcd(2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7); Parameters: (rs, enable, d4, d5, d6, d7)

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>

E

D

FIG. 2

L

K

}

LOW); HIGH); LOW); HIGH);

HIGH); LOW); HIGH); LOW);

F

}

void loop() { demoOne(); delay(100); demoTwo(); delay(50);

digitalWrite(A_IB, LOW); digitalWrite(A_IA, HIGH); digitalWrite(B_IB, LOW); digitalWrite(B_IA, HIGH); delay(100); digitalWrite(A_IB, HIGH); digitalWrite(A_IA, LOW); digitalWrite(B_IB, HIGH); digitalWrite(B_IA, LOW); delay(200); }

void demoTwo() {

digitalWrite(A_IB, digitalWrite(A_IA, digitalWrite(B_IB, digitalWrite(B_IA, delay(100); digitalWrite(A_IB, digitalWrite(A_IA, digitalWrite(B_IB, digitalWrite(B_IA, delay(200);

// motor one int A_IB = 9; int A_IA = 8; // motor two int B_IB = 7; int B_IA = 6; void setup() { pinMode(A_IB, OUTPUT); pinMode(A_IA, OUTPUT); pinMode(B_IB, OUTPUT); pinMode(B_IA, OUTPUT); } void demoOne() {

FIG. 3

G

FIG. 4

H

I

J

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions Bodil Eiterstraum Patent

127

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Human-triggering-self-reflection

Tool for uncovering the internet by movement and creation of a reflective space. A program acts as digital tool of extraction, constantly digging for data, analyzing and reshaping the 0 and 1â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s. The internet-connected smartphone through online social media is the interface that gives partial control over which pictures are extracted from the web. Bodily movement in a specific lit-up space is necessary to uncover these pictures. They are now merely coloured points on the wall behind a curtain of generated meshes, whose transparency is altered by movement alone, just presence is not enough. The experiement aims on the user/visitor to reflect on certain topics like the definition of being human through the use and misuse of tools, the future and development of being human, the role of todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s most used tool the smartphone with internet access and how design actually redesigns the human and society at large.

128

Dimensions Approx. 6x4x6m Materials: Disused industrial pipe system, chalkspray, headlamp, webcam, projector, computer & software, internet

Faxe Kalkbrud

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Carl Justus Fuchs

Patent

5

4 2 3 1

1

8

7

6

129 9 10

12

Elements: 1. Quotes & instructions; spray-painted w/ chalk 2. Lamp; focused light 3. Webcam 4. Projector 5. Industrial rack; for hardware 6. Smartphone; individually owned 7. Bodily movement 8. Black curtain 9. Personal computer 10. Software: Rhinoceros & Grasshopper script w/ Firefly & Mosquito 11. Concrete screen & actual projection 12. The internet & social platforms

11

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Faxe Kalkbrud

Keys Of Destruction

In previous investigations I founded that working with a idea almost mechanic like in Faxe queer where I collected samples strictly the same way each time and like the Balagero asbestos mine, where they extracted and broke the material from larger pieces into smaller pieces, could be a way of working with an idea as well. Taking the idea and zoom further and further into the idea, working with the idea as a material of the mind.

This I tried to materialize into a object in the room which could be interacted with.

This device is my abstraction for the idea and the way you can work the idea almost like the material.

Cutting it down into pieces from a larger scale to a smaller scale. To understand the idea better you will have to work the keys of you mind to explore the outcome. You can’t predict the outcome but will have to learn to play by its keys. You can make you idea dynamic and explore it or you can let it be as an object, and let be static.

130

Dimensions 180 x 470 x 160 mm Materials: Plexiglas 4mm / Plexiglas 3mm / Plexiglas 4mm / Plexiglas 3mm / Plexiglas cylinder ø 2mm / White plexiglas 3mm / Metal Threaded rod 2mm / Multiple nuts / Kitchen knives of different sizes x 7 / Mdf sheet 2mm Plexiglas cylinder ø 2mm / White plexiglas 3mm / Metal Threaded rod 2mm / Multiple nuts / Kitchen knives of different sizes x 7 / Mdf sheet 2mm

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Christian Simon Reese Reinholdt Andersen

Patent

4.

5.

3.

6.

Compoments

1:3

1. Plexi cylinder ø 12mm x 180mm 2. Threaded rod ø 3mm x 180mm 3. White plexi 3mm x 173mm x 270mm 4. Knives of diffrent sizes x 7 5. Metal cylinder ø 1mm x 8mm 6. Fishwire of different legenths x7 7. White plexi 3mm x 23,4mm x 164mm 160 mm

7.

2.

x7

x7 x 14 x 24

131

1.

x4 x8

PATENT: KEYS OF DESTRUCTION Christian Simon Reese November 30rd 2017

1:10

1:5

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Drawing machine

When an object comes (forcibly) into contact with another; Upon impact, some objects/forces tend to leave a visual mark/ footprint behind. Although the duration of visibility can vary, these marks reveal something of the object. Size, mass, direction and so on can be detected visually from what is left behind. Human footprint, tire tracks, ripple marks etc., are left as a particular memory or signature. In its own, each mark is a protected sculpture carefully placed, as part of an endless repetition with minor variations – controlled, reinforced and regulated. But when the amount of objects increase, waves of motion and direction change, one mark is no longer visible in its own, but is a part of a new hybrid mixture of patterns. In a simplified manner, this mixture is captured in this machine.

132

Components 8 x mdf lath 16 x 2000 mm 8 x mdf lath – 16 x 1220 mm 4 x round stick – Ø22 x 1220 mm 1 x roll of thread – 125m

Faxe Kalkbrud

7

12

8

10

10

13

10

10

11

10

10

7

13

9

10

8

10

12

9

9

fig.4 1 :5

9

8

fig.3

9

11

10

7

6

7

10

10

8

10

10

8

10

7

fig.1

fig.2

7

10

8 8

10

7

10 10

fig.4

9

9

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10

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8

2

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1

8

fig.2 1 :2

fig.3 1 :5

10

13

12

13

2

3

13. pencil controller

13

12. height adjustable paper hangers

11. column anchoring

10. pre-drilled hole Ă&#x2DC;22 mm

9. pre-drilled hole Ă&#x2DC;10 mm

8. mdf lath, 16 x 2000 mm

7. mdf lath, 16 x 1220 mm

6. round stick, 22 mm

5. double knot, adjustable

4. graphite drawing pencil

3. width adjustment

2. single knot, adjustable

1. drawing paper

9

13

5

4

13

fig.1 1 :2

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions Daniel Berekhetab Habtemariam Patent

133

drawing machine

1:15 / patent / danielhabtemariam

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Faxe Kalkbrud

Performative Relations

Playing with the idea of omnipresence, the device has been developed from a study trip to Faxe quarry where I used the potential of mirrors to analyse and understand an unknown territory. By walking with a mirror in my hand, positioned in front of one of my eyes, I experienced how mirrors generate space and offer new spatial possibilities, when they close and open.

Operating as a portable companion, the device offers a prosthetic expansion of our senses. It invites you to engage in movement and to be a part of a performative relationship. The device has two static and two movable mirrors which create four belts of vision, all with different angles.

Sensitive to movement, position and perception. By entwining different routes of exploration, the device deconstructs what we know as the architectural plan, and offers a more plastic and fragmented composition and experience of space.

134

Materials a. Unhardened steel wires: two 21,5x0,2 cm + two 42,5x0,2 cm + one 0,9x0,2 cm + one 33x0,2 cm b. A large office clamp c. Steel tube: 1,3x5,5 cm d. 3D printed frames of PLA filament e. Plastic mirrors: two 6x6 cm+two 11x10 cm f. Two needles with round ends

Assembling e. Soldering Iron + Flux + Tin solder f. Hot glue gun + Glue sticks g. Knife + Cutting mat + Metal ruler h. Tong + Metal cutter tong

B

Fig. 4. Isometric drawing

Fig. 3. Section drawing B-B

Fig. 2. Section drawing A-A

Fig 1. Plan drawing, movement

Index

A

A

Fig. 4.

1:2

e. f. g. h.

f.

b. c. d. e.

a.

Solder the two longest metal wires together with the shortest one Solder the two next longest wires onto the clamp + the two needles in the end 3D print the frames in the given dimensions for the plastic mirrors Cut out the plastic mirrors and press them into the frames, force may be needed Place/lower the frames onto the wire construction Open the clamp and mount it on the wire construction in the opposite end Glue the end of the needles into the hinges of the back of the two larger frames Place the metal tube on the end of the construction

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

B

Assembling Soldering Iron + Flux + Tin solder Hot glue gun + Glue sticks Knife + Cutting mat + Metal ruler Tong + Metal cutter tong

Components Unhardened steel wires: two 21,5x0,2 cm + two 42,5x0,2 cm + one 0,9x0,2 cm + one 33x0,2 cm A large office clamp Steel tube: 1,3x5,5 cm 3D printed frames of PLA filament Plastic mirrors: two 6x6 cm+ two 11x10 cm Two needles with a round end

1.

Instructions

Performative Relations

Fig. 4.

1:5

Fig. 3.

1:5

Fig. 2.

1:5

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions Ditte Horsbøl Sørensen Patent

135

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Perceptual Device

While working with the site of Larderello in Italy and also while visiting the limestone quarry in Faxe, I was fascinated by the perception of a space or landscape and how this perception can be psychologically altered through different factors. To use this investigation as a base for my tool I decided to create headpieces and multible attachable lenses to give individuals the opportunity to experience a space in a different light, a different perspective, a different angle.

The fifteen headpieces are fashioned out of metal strings that can be individually adjusted to one´s headshape. The lenses alter vision through the use of materials like coloured foil, perforated paper or mirrors.

As the device is intended as a social and psychological experiment, the person wearing the headpiece is invited to interact with it, walk through the room, communicate with others and experience their eye-sight (as one important human sense) modified and totally different.

136

Dimensions 160 cm x 100 cm x 60 cm Material metal, cartboard, paper, coloured foil sheets, mirror cartboard

Faxe Kalkbrud

onalVersion

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Ella Neumaier

Patent

5 b

6 c 4 5

7 b c 4

2

2

8

3

a 1

3

9

a

10

137

11

11

12

GSEducationalVersion

13

1:1 a b c

b

attachment detail, adjustable 1:1 attachment detail, adjustable 1:1 attachment detail, exchangeable lenses 1:1

GSEducationalVersion

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

20 mm cut steel (1 mm) 15 mm cut steel (1 mm) 15 mm cut steel (1 mm), 120 mm long 20 mm cut steel (1 mm), 60 mm long black cartboard (1 mm) thread, electric blue or black black perforated paper (0,5 mm) red transparent foil (0,5 mm) black paper with cut-outs (0,5 mm) black transparent foil (0,5 mm) blue transparent foil (0,5 mm) mirror cartboard (2 mm) mirror cartboard (2 mm)

perceptual device

GSEducationalVersion

GSEducationalVersion

GSEducationalVersion

280 mm

1:5 GSEducationalVersion

a

c

180 mm

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Awareness Of The Hidden Policy

This tool takes it starting point in the changing and adaptiveness of the law making both the frame and opportunity of life.

Only in relation to society changing new laws are created; most often legislation is build on top of already existing laws framing society in ages. These being ‘basic’ knowledge make it possible to understand legislation only be seeing parts of it. The knowledge is already placed in your memory, and therefor a fragment can through the mind make the whole.

When pulling the thread you´ll see a hidden screen, showing a surveillance of the entrance that you have just passed through.

When letting go of the thread the vision will no longer be visible. It now only exit in your mind and with this knowledge you will have to exit through the surveillance area.

The tool emphasizes awareness of always surrounding controll - with or with our the knowledge of the citizens.

When stepping in to this area, your surroundings are set.

138

When interacting in this area, your surroundings will occur.

When stepping out of this area, your surroundings reoccur - or will they?

Dimensions 130 cm x 40 cm (Wood Construction + Mirror) 450 cm x 300 cm X 200 cm (Total Area) Materials 8 x mdf lath 16 x 2000 mm 8 x mdf lath – 16 x 1220 mm 4 x round stick – Ø 22 x 1220 mm 1 x roll of thread – 125 m

Faxe Kalkbrud

WOOD CONSTRUCTION

THREAD INTERACTION. PULLING

VISION OF THE VIEWER

2

3

5

4

MIRROR

1

1 : 10

2

3

0.5 sec

1

sec

4.2

sec

1.8

CORDELIA KERT SØNDER 29/11/2017

ITE

D

LIM

PATENT DRAWING AWARENESS OF THE HIDDEN POLICY

4

5

THROUGH THE MIRROR - SEE A REFLECTION OF A SCREEN PLAYING A SURVEILLANCE TAPE OF THE ENTRANCE OF THE BUILING. THE ENTRANCE THAT THE VIEWER HAS JUST PASSED THROUGH, AND THE AREA THAT THE VIEWER MUST PASS TO EXIT. THE SCREEN IS PLACES ON TOP OF A ROOM, LOCATED BEHIND THE BACK OF THE VIEWER, WHICH MAKES IT IMPOSSIBLE FOR THE VIEWER TO SEE THE SCREEN DIRECTLY - ONLY THROUGH THE USE OF THE TOOL AND THE REFLECTION OF THE MIRROR. WHEN LETTING GO OF THE THREAD, THE MIRROR WILL FLIB BACK INTO START POSITION AND THE SCREEN WILL NO LONGER BE VISIBLE TO THE VIEWER - ONLY IN THE MEMORY AND THE MIND OF THE VIEWER. THE VIEWER WILL HAVE TO PASS THROUGH THE SURVAILLIANCED AREA TO EXIT - THIS TIME WITH THE KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS OF THE AREA BEING TAPED - AND POSSIBLY NOW BEING ‘CONTROLLED’ BY ANOTHER VIEWER.

A MIRROR IS CLUED TO A WOODEN PIECE WHICH IS HUNG ON A COSTRUCTION FLOTING 4 METER ABOVE GROUND. THE WOOD PIECE IS ATTACHED TO THE CONSTRUCTION BY HINGES, PLACED ON THE UPPER PART OF THE MIRROR, MAKING IT VERTICALLY FLEXIBLE. A THREAD IS ATTACHED TO THE LOWER PART OF THE MIRROR, WHICH IS CONNECTED TO THE WOODEN CONSTRUCTION. THE THREAD HAS THE LENGHT OF 3 METER, WHICH MAKES IS POSSIBLE FOR THE VIEWER TO CRAB. AS A VIEWER YOU INTERACT WITH THIS TOOL BY TAKING THE THREAD. WALKING TOWARDS THE DESIGNATED AREA (THE CROSS) LOOKING UP AND PULLING. WHEN PULLING THE THREAD, THE MIRROR WILL FLIP AND THE VIEWER WILL -

2

1

2

5

1

1 2

3 4

3

TOOL VIEWERS POSITION SCREEN FOR PROJECTION PROJECTOR TILTED WALL

1 2 3 4 5

1 : 50

4

MIRROR. CLUED ON

4

3

BACKCOVER

3

COLOMN WOOD CONSRTUCTION

1 2

1 : 20

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions Emilie Cordelia Kert Sønder Patent

139

1.2 sec

UNLIMITED

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Faxe Kalkbrud

The Pendulum

By inquiry of a userâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s perception the tool embodies the sensitivity of letting us know what is ahead.

It confronts us to converse with the materials around us, get to know them beyond the eye.

Traced you have a saved memory.

An engraved drawing to touch.

For a collection.

From important conversations perhaps neglected for a time.

With the materials around you.

Once placed the explorer winds up the ammunition cartridge to max level.

You bravely master when to release, to become an observer of forces out of your hands.

Gravity, resistance and density.

With great velocity, the pendulum swings through time, barging into the surface it is presented, chipping pieces, add markings or absorb the material for a time longer, The mounted pen projects force into plan, stopping when there is no more to be said.

140

Dimensions 500 x 138 x 403mm Fabrication time 25 minutes Assembly time 4 hours Materials 310.677mm ammo cartridge [top D 41 | lower 61mm] / 19 mm MDF 280 x 190 / 6 mm lime wood round stick 20mm / 8 mm thread rod 175mm / 8 mm galvanized flat washer / 8 mm galvanized locknut / 9 mm 2x 939g solid steel 70 x 38 / 1 mm metal plate 500 x 108 / 0.5 mm reflective paper 400 x 104 / 0.25mm pilot pen [D 9mm mounted tool] / D 26.7mm rubber tube [D 9mm hole] / D 28.750mm nipple tube [2.2mm thick] / Construction weight 3.35 kg

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Emma Grace Edwards

3 2

Patent

5

4

6

The Pendulum Patent Drawings

by Emma Grace

A 12

1:5 9

A

LEGEND 1 - 310.677mm ammo cartridge [top D 41 | lower 61mm] 2 - 19mm MDF 280 x 190 3 - 6mm lime wood round stick 20mm 4 - 8mm thread rod 175mm 5 - 8mm galvanized flat washer 6 - 8mm galvanized locknut 7 - 9mm 2x 939g solid steel 70 x 38 8 - 1mm metal plate 500 x 108 9 - 0.5mm reflective paper 400 x 104 10 - 0.25mm pilot pen [D 9mm mounted tool] 11 - D 26.7mm rubber tube [D 9mm hole] 12 - D28.750mm nipple tube [2.2mm thick] 13 - Construction weight 3.35kg

141 13

1

10

11

7

939G

8 SECTION AA 1:2

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Faxe Kalkbrud

The Extenders

The tool evolved from a focus on the boundaries and borders that dictated movement at Faxe Kalkbrud. There were a number of instances within the quarry where unused offcuts and materials had been piled at the edges of roads to define boundaries of movement for both people as well as extraction machines. Faxe was examined through the categorisation of these borders. This was then translated into the study of movement boundaries that existed in the O’Space gallery. The majority of boundaries that dictated movement within the space existed between ground and knee level. The extenders were then developed to explore these boundaries.

The headgear limits vision so that the individual may only see what is above eye level of the space, eliminating any sight recognition of the movement boundaries on the ground. The extenders protrude from the ankle on both legs to a length of about 400mm. These ‘spines’ are made from copper rods so that reverberation can be felt on the leg, allowing the individual to feel the texture of the ground as they walk with the extenders. Each spine can be lengthened or shortened as well as strapped back to the leg so that users of the tool may decide on the length and number of spines they desire. The tool extends the zone of feeling for the user’s legs and warns of any upcoming boundaries.

142

Dimensions 410 x 320 mm Materials 15 mm hollow copper rods of varying length / 6 mm zinc bolts / 3D printed clasp / 4 mm threaded rod / 4 mm zinc nut / 40 mm black elastic / 40 mm black velcroe / 20 mm black velcroe / duct tape / industrial goggles / black spray paint

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Genevieve Aloka Welch-Hammial

Patent

143

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Faxe Kalkbrud

Defending Machine

From the standpoint of Homo faber, who relies entirely in the primordial of his/her tools, (s)he is preoccupied with the erection of a world of things. He is dictated by an objective aim that wish to invent(work), rather than by subjective needs and wants(labor). Homo faber is indeed a lord and master of himself and his doings. He is free to produce, with concomitant to destroy. This insatiable world of things are nevertheless deeply evident in our archeological record, excistent in extractive landscapes linked with the fluctuating prices in the global economy. It is here so much of our technology finds it nutrient seeds contributing to rapid technological evolution and ephemeral lifespans, coexcisting with the evolutionary cycles of natural life. In this specualting proposal, the machine-the tool liberating us from the bare necassities of life, is freed from all human purpose and servitude. This machine performs labor in which the activity corresponds directly with the maintainance of its own subsistence.

144

Dimensions 1381 x 234 mm Materials Plastic cap / 5 mm aliminium pipe / 8 mm aliminium pipe / 10 mm aliminium pipe / 16 mm aliminium pipe / plastic joint / Motor Joint (3D printed) / 3 X couplings (3D printed) / 6 X 3mm plastic strings / Connector / Arduino Uno Rev3 / breadboard / 2 X Ultrasonic sensors / 9V DC Motor / 3 X 4 mm Bolts / 6 mm Bolt

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Georg Bugge Reitan

Patent

PATENT DRAWING

SELF DEFENDING MACHINE + 1381 mm TOP

368 mm

+ 1339 mm COUPLING

11 12 + 1088 mm COUPLING

12

+ 839 mm

11

COUPLING

10

7 10

9

+ 588 mm

CONNECTOR

145 8

6

7 6 + 324 mm

5

5

PIPE LOCK

4

+ 165 mm

3

PIPE LOCK

2

GROUND

A. 9V Battery B. GROUND C. Junction D. 9V DC Motor E. 5V Resistor F. Ultrasonic sensor

F

1

+- 0 mm

E D

M

C

B A

1. Plastic cap 2. 5mm aliminium pipe 3. Plastic joint 4. 10mm aliminium pipe

5. Power input 6. Motor Joint 7. 9V DC Motor 8. 16mm aliminium pipe

9. Connector 10. 8mm Aliminium pipe 11. Coupling 12. Plastic string

0

100

200

300

400

500 mm

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Our Precious Water

The device is meant to make the invisible visible. More specifically, it is supposed to show the distribution of the different sources of water that exists on our earth, which may otherwise be difficult to visualise.

The five tanks each represent a different quantity of water. The biggest tank (10L) represents the entire amount of water on earth. The next (9.72L) being ocean and saltine waters, followed by glaciers and snow (250mL), then groundwater and moisture in the earth (62mL), and lastly readily drinkable water (30mL).

Beyond clarifying this division, the device also comments on the fact that despite the small amount of actual drinkable water that we have, we donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t always consider how we treat that water source. We continue to dump our garbage and dangerous chemicals into our freshwater lakes, and as a result the actual amount we have available is gradually diminishing.

146

Dimensions 690 x 690 x 492,4 mm Materials 2 x 3 mm acrylic plates 1 x 6 mm MDF plates

Faxe Kalkbrud

Witnesses

Inventor

6

7

10

8

1

9

2

12

5

4

11

13

3

750mm 1000mm

8 9 10 11 12 13

Elevation tower foot Water lock Holding pin Water lead-off Lock pin Lock frame

GLENN GUNDELACH-TAABBEL PATENDED NOV 27, 2017 NO. 632, 214

10L water tank 9.72L water tank 215mL water tank 62mL water tamk 30mL water tank Base mounting plate Elevation tower mounting plate

WORLD WATER DISTRIBUTOR

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Legend

690mm

1 x wooden plate

500mm

2 x acrylic plates

TAXONOMY

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions Glenn Gundelach-Taabbel Patent

147

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

The Neutralizer

Previously research revealed that extraction sites of a solarplant in California was affected by climate change in form of a changing dessert biotope and wind soiling the solarpanels. Registrations from Faxe Kalkbrud also revealed the site being affected by climate change in form of small amounts of acid dissolving the limestone.

Acid rain occurs when pollution caused by humans or nature reacts with water molecules/rain which produce acids. Based on registrations from Faxe Kalkbrud the chemical dispenser visualizes how pollution in form of acid rain affects the extracted material in form of the human body triggering a chemical reaction.

148

Dimensions 70 x 38 cm Materials Aluminum, MDF, rubber mat , glass, plastic, vinegar, demineralized water

Faxe Kalkbrud

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Iben Tranberg-Jensen

Patent

CHEMICAL DISPENSER PATENT DRAWING IBEN TRANBERG

FIG.6

FIG.1

ADJUSTABLE MODULE FOR CONTAINERS

ROATATING POLE

HAND GRIB

VACUUM DISPENSERS

149 PIERCED PETRI DISHES

DISH SHELF

FIG.3

STABILIZING ELEMENT

1: 5

PLASTIC DRAIN

1: 2

STAGNANT POLE

FIG.4 STABILIZING ELEMENT

1: 5

FIG.2

FIG.5

FIG.1 CHEMICAL DISPENSER FIG. 2 CONTAINERS FIG.3 TRIGGER FIG.4 DRAINING MECHANISM FIG.5 LIQUID MAXIMUM BEFORE DRAINAGE 1: 10

1: 2

1: 10

FIG.6 AXONOMETRIC

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Faxe Kalkbrud

Algaegreenhouse

Extraction sites poses considerable environmental impacts through many different aspects. Air pollution, is one of the many concerns to consider when looking into the impact of extraction sites. Analyzing the air pollution of an extraction site leads to a range of considerations. In Faxe Kalkbrud a big portion of the lime is used for environmental purposes. The limestone is used as a filter for coal-fired power plants to remove acid rain. In this regard one might argue that making the production effective and cost efficient is more important than making it eco-friendly, since the benefits of the product is significantly bigger than the disadvantage of production.

The AlgaeGreenhouse is inspired by the product of Faxe Kalkbrud. It is a biological air cleaner using algae to clean air through photosynthesis, filtering out air pollutants like carbon, NOx and smog. Due to the lack of natural light at O-space the growing lamp plays an important roll emitting an electromagnetic spectrum appropriate for photosynthesis.

150

Dimensions 45 x 35 x 7 cm Materials Rubber pipe letting air out (6mm) / Rubber pipe bringing air into the water (6mm) / Transparent plastic bag to make it waterproof / Aquarium air pump (3W) / Plexiglas on the front side / Plexiglas dividing pressure and holding construction / Mirror on the backside reflecting light / Water containing algae and nutrient / Lamp with grow light emitting an electromagnetic spectrum appropriate for photosynthesis / Plywood frame / Air-stone diffusing air into the tank, filtering the air and eliminating large doubles / Electric cord

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Isak Dysthe Sønderland

Patent

2.

1.

3.

4.

ALGAEGREENHOUSE

BIOLOGICAL AIR CLEANER ISAK D. SØNDERLAND

1.

1:2

5.

2.

5.

3.

6.

4.

9.

10.

6.

7.

11.

12.

CO2

O2

Light

O2

1:5

Biomass

1 . Pip e l e tti ng a i r o ut ( 6 mm) .

O2 O2

2 . Pip e b r i ng i ng a i r i nto th e w ate r ( 6 mm) .

3 . Tra ns p a re nt p l a s ti c b a g to ma ke i t w ate r p ro o f .

O2

4 . A q ua r i um a i r p ump ( 3 W ) .

5 . P lex i g l a s o n th e f ro nt s i d e .

6 . P lex i g l a s d i v i d i ng p re s s ure a nd h o l d i ng c o nst r u c ti o n.

7 . M i r ro r o n th e b a c ks i d e re f l e c ti ng l i g h t.

CO2 CO2

8 . Wate r c o nta i ni ng a l g a e a nd nutr i e nt.

CO2

9 . L a mp w i th g ro w l i g h t e mi tti ng a n e l e c tro ma g n et ic s p e c tr um a p p ro p r i ate f o r p h o to s ynth e s i s .

1 0 . Pl yw o o d f ra me 1 1 . A i r- s to ne d i ff us i ng a i r i nto th e ta nk , f i l te r i ng t h e a i r a nd e l i mi nati ng l a rg e d o ub l e s .

1:5

1 2 . E l e c tr i c c o rd

151

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Experience the surface

Embedded in the limestone from Faxe Kalkbrud are fossils of corals from 63 million years ago. These fossils give the lime stones found in the quarry a distinctive surface that allows you to see and feel the corals as they were, when they were alive â&#x20AC;&#x201C; it is a very unique and concrete way of experiencing a time that is normally out of our reach and is otherwise impossible to see.

The corals have a very delicate structure.

So in order to make the surface more accessible to the human touch, the limestone is divided into 11 sections (one each 5 mm) and magnified 5 times to make it possible to fully feel the highs and lows.

The sections are then unfolded and placed on a frame that positions them in a height that invites people to feel the contours of the sections and thereby experiencing the surface and time.

152

Dimensions L: 1170 mm x B: 300 mm x H: 1130 mm Materials The sections are in 6 mm mdf cut out on the laser cutter The slap is in 23 mm mdf The frame are made of pine wood mouldings (dimension 40 mm x 40 mm)

Faxe Kalkbrud

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Isak Dysthe Sønderland

Patent

Experience the surface

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

153

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 1: Corner mortising - scale 1:2

Fig. 2: Installation from the side - scale 1:10 Fig. 3: Installation from behind - scale 1:10 Fig. 4: Sections - scale 1:20 Fig. 5: On site plan drawing showing the artificial light - scale 1:50 Fig. 6: On site opstalt showing the artificial light - scale 1:50

Fig. 6

Patent drawings

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Sound of Labour

At faxe kalkbrud (limestone quarry) I did a field recording study to capture all the various sounds of the mining landscape and turn them into a sound map. I went there with a dynamic microphone, recording the wind, the water, the labour machines, etc.

When I got home, I wanted to make a sound map of the aarhus harbour and its associated industry. When I did that I came across these giant grain silos spewing out tons of feed into the trucks. The truck driver was just standing there looking at it. Each step of the process there, as well as at faxe, is highly mechanized. I wanted to bring the feeling of the materials back into the hands of the workers, alongside my experimentation with the sound properties of the onsite materials.

I created this tool out of found materials from the harbour.

The manifold creates a semi-transparent window into the tube.

154

Dimensions Ă&#x2DC; = 20mm Tool = 200 mm Wire = 10m+ each Materials Grains-feed for livestock / Plastic pipe / Manifold / Stereo audio cable / Piezo pickup / Solder

Faxe Kalkbrud

Patent Johan Neve Klejs DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

200

grains

20

16

pipe

manifold

contact mic

155

+ wire

electrical tape

12

PATENT DRAWING

sounds of labour project o space 1:2 nov 2017 johan neve klejs

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Movement of a pattern – Pattern of a movement

Reflecting on my personal walk through Faxe Limestone Quarry the tool is materializing the users perception of my experience. My footsteps are transformed into the users movement of the tool in the exhibition space. Changing activity.

Zooming in, patterns were collected every 400 steps. Locally.

Zooming out, patterns serve as a part of a collection that adds on to each other.

Globally.

The collection of patterns varying from tiles in the city to leaves in the countryside overlay each other to tell the overall story of the quarry. The pattern closest to the observer would be fresh in memory and is projected the biggest. Inequality.

Every movement causes a change in the mapping on the wall. Influence.

Either you see yourself operating or you watch the frozen movement of earlier use.

Delay.

The patterns have no right spot there is no right interpretation but the present, existing because of earlier use. Effect of past.

156

Dimensions Device: 50 cm x 50 cm Affected area: 220 cm x 150 cm Materials 8 x Steel weight ø 12mm x 55mm, 42 g 16 x Rubberband ø 8,1 mm 8 x Transparent print ø150 mm 8 x Plexiglass ø 150 mm, 2 mm 2 x Nail ø 2 mm x 30 mm 1 x Round stick ø 10 mm x 450 mm 2 x Round stick ø 10 mm x 900 mm 2 x Wire 2 mm x 300 mm 1 x MDF ø 450 mm, 12 mm 1 x Flashlight

Faxe Kalkbrud

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Johanne Brøgger

Patent

157

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

One way ticket

The installation can be compared with the game “classic labyrinth” where you tilt the board so the balls can move trough an obstacle course. The sound of the metal balls hitting the MDF material is the main attraction before you get a look at the game itself. Some balls will make it to the other side some don’t. The tool is not all about the game and how the metals balls are relocated but also the human body. To play the game once more you simply move to the other side of it and reset the procedure.

The game doesn’t always run smoothly and you might have to help the balls run through its course or pick up the ones that fall of. The user is the only person who needs to crouch down, which makes it easy to spectate for others, but it´s also suited for others to help with setting up the game.

158

Dimensions 100 x 60 x 9,5 cm Materials MDF, Metal and Birch wood

Faxe Kalkbrud

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Karl Henrik Kobbeltvedt

Patent

patent drawing one way ticket

A

A

Metal

MDF section A-A

Birch wood

159

1:10

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Life in destruction

LIFE IN DESTRUCTION was created by the study of two kinds of destruction. On one hand there was the Fort McMurray Wildfire, where natural forces where raging on, covering thousands of hectares, almost impossible to control with human forces.

On the other hand there were Faxe Kalkbrud, where the destruction was completely powered by man and machines, taking big pieces of rock and breaking it down to the point where it is only dust. When you see these kinds of destructions it is almost impossible to imagine life ever returning.

But luckily life is persistent, and always reclaims what has been taking, it may never look the same, but in destruction there is evolution and that is life.

160

Dimensions 8 x 14,5 x 21,6 (9,2 folded) cm Materials Cardboard / Velcro / Elastic bands / Plastic / Lenses â&#x20AC;&#x201C; glass

Faxe Kalkbrud

Left eye

Left projection

1. Cardboard 2. Velcro 3. Plastic 4. Elasticbands

MATERIALS

Right eye

Right projection

LIFE IN DESTRUCTION 1 2 3

4

5

1

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions Katarina Bramsen Buhl Patent

161

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

The limestone camera

LIFE IN DESTRUCTION was created by the study of two kinds of destruction. On one hand there was the Fort McMurray Wildfire, where natural forces where raging on, covering thousands of hectares, almost impossible to control with human forces.

On the other hand there were Faxe Kalkbrud, where the destruction was completely powered by man and machines, taking big pieces of rock and breaking it down to the point where it is only dust. When you see these kinds of destructions it is almost impossible to imagine life ever returning.

But luckily life is persistent, and always reclaims what has been taking, it may never look the same, but in destruction there is evolution and that is life.

162

Dimensions 8 x 8 x 8 cm Materials Limestone and water

Faxe Kalkbrud

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Kristina Worm

Patent

163

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Harvesting wings

at faxe limestone quarry a major component of daily operations involved the relocation of excess water from the site and from the material itself. on a large scale pumping groundwater from the bottom of the quarry and on a smaller scale through evaporation from the extracted limestone. the circulation of water and how the different volumes and densities of H2O appears is experienced in many different ways in our atmosphere and results from factors as air, temperature, light and landscape. by using a hydrophilic material in a state of atmosphere where the evaporated water is formed as fog* the small droplets can be gathered. when temperature drops the density and volume of the droplets change through condensation and the water is harvested.

The reversed process from the quarry. *when the difference between air temperature and dew point is less than 2.5 °C, water vapor condenses into tiny liquid water droplets suspended in the air

164

Harvesting wings 450 x 1200 x 3 mm Materials Elastic cord + plastic buckles + tarp (polypropylene) + polyester thread Fog room 2,4 x 4,5 x 2,5 m Materials Plastic cover + duct tape + fog machine (water + glycerine) + heater + spray bottle (water)

Faxe Kalkbrud

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Linn Frida Johansson

Patent

7

HARVESTING WINGS 6. thread of polypropylene 7. buckle 8. wrist strap 9. shoulder strap 10. ankle strap 11. weave

9

1:1

6 1:5

9

9

8

8

_instructions _turn on heater and fog machine _humidify the space using water spray bottle _strap on wings to arms and legs _enter the fog room _move through the fog _exit _hang up wings _observe result of the harvest

11

10

cm

cm

1:10

FOG ROOM

120

45

10

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

b

wing suit heater fog machine spray bottle plastic lining

1

a

c 5

2

3

4

d

a plan 1:100

b

c

d section

1:100

165

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Feeling the negative space of the material

The installation is for the human body, with the action of the hand, to feel the negative space created from a specific material. a field trip to Face Kalkbrud, where materials from the landscape, was collected in order to further analysis.

In the process of the installation, there has been focuses of tactility, material, life cycle and changes. seeing how a material changes over time, but also how it can changes trough a patent. the outcome of the patent, of casting the material, could remind of the landscape in Faxe. therefore, it is to belive the process can be seen on how everything is connected.

The installation created with the use of analog and technology tools, created a tactile piece. the switching from analog to digital has played a huge role for the material produces, and the learning outcome.

166

Dimensions 3 x 79 x 29 cm Materials Lint roller sheets. dust, rocks, trash. cardboard. plaster

Faxe Kalkbrud

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Markus Husby

Patent

167

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Extracting Chair

Faxe limestone Quarry is a daily operation of processing limestone. Excavators is to be heard and seen everywhere. They are marking and shaping the landscape by extracting and relocating the limestone in and around the quarry. The human body is controlling the excavators in a sitting position with a series of movements by using arms and feet.

The Extracting Chair is meant to force the body to make the same movements like the workers do in the excavators in the quarry. The man is a part of the excavator and the excavator wouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t work whit out him. The chair is a caption of an extension of the body and the excavator. The relation between structure and static movements.

Feeling of being inside a machine is what the chair emphasizes.

168

Dimensions 1058 x 1044 x 1058 cm Materials Wood / Iron tube / Screws / Elastic rubber material

Faxe Kalkbrud

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Martin Dannesboe Singh

Patent

EXTRACTING CHAIR

3

7

2 1 4

9 169

FIG 1.

8 6

8

7

6

FIG 3.

FIG 2.

FIG 1. Excavating chair

FIG 2. Door

FIG 3. Handel - A

1. Door 2. Handel - A 3. Handel - B 4. Rotation bar 5. Seet 6. Padel 7,8,9. Elastic rubber

10. Hinge 11. Screws

12. Handel attachment

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Faxe Kalkbrud

Movement

The tool is a development throughout different assignments. The tool is a representation of a network with moving parts. The moving chalk particles within the object arrives from the flow1 domestic transportation assignment, and Faxe where all traffic from the site went through an intersection to meet in one place. In Faxe I also encountered wind as a powerful element on site. The wind is for me energy, and an element of nature that we as humans must use, and consider as a valuable source. Since our site for exhibition didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t offer any wind, I had to simulate wind.

Pneumatic tubes are a method of transportation invented in the late 1900 century.

Its moves objects in tubes, by creating compressed air, or vacuum. Like the human interaction with sites of extraction in both Beverly and Faxe, we leave a footprint or mark on the environment. The same occurs for the tool. When chalk is extracted from the glass balls, transported to the intersection, it then leaves a color footprint on the filter.

170

Dimensions 2200 x 250 x 250 cm (Arms: 1000 mm) Materials 22 mm PVC pipe / 16 mm MDF / 3 mm Plexiglas / Ă&#x2DC; 80 mm Christmas glass ball / 22 mm PVC Split fittings for water hose / 3 x 20 mm screws / 1 Vacuum motor / 1 Vacuum filter / Colored chalk dust / Steelfoot

Steelpipe

90° pipebend

16mm MDF

3mm plexiglas

Vacuum filter

Airblow

22mm acrylic pipe

Electrical wire

90° pipebend

Open/close airflow

Detachable glassball

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions Mike Lyngsø Patent

171

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

1: 0.2

In my previous work I operated with a medium to unfold immaterial properties.

As I was literally revealing the backside of something, I proceeded more figurative in regarding the backside of something as the immaterial, the invisible or the unimportant. The medium should be the intervening substance, which converts and transforms something.

Particularly related to the site in the way it is attached, the tool itself assists in perceiving the unseen of the given space in an more ordinary approach. Dust appeared to be the property to foreground with the device. Providing a bright beam of light and an oculus to look through the tool operates in a passive way, whereas the floating dust particles, visible because they reflect and scatter the light, are the active part.

By magnifying the dust, scale becomes a device to highlight the unimportant, to unfold the solid in the immaterial, to make the invisible visible.

172

Dimensions 45 x 55 x 150 cm Materials Bamboo, black cardboard

Faxe Kalkbrud

9

1 : 0.2

1 upper ring, bamboo 3 x 390 mm, 1 x 690 mm 2 Lower ring, bamboo 3 x 390 mm, 1 x 690 mm 3 upper HoLder, bamboo 24 mm x 300 mm 4 Lower HoLder, bamboo 24 mm x 300 mm 5 verticaL stick, bamboo 24 mm x 200 mm

components

axonometrY

4

front eLevation

6

5

3

7

10 LampsHade, pet

verticaL HoLder 11 mm x 1450 mm 7 box, black cardboard 1,7 mm 55.4 mm x 55.4 mm x 320 mm 8a magnifier 52 mm x 52 mm 8b magnifier 9 box, black cardboard 1,7 mm 60 mm x 60 mm x 200 mm

6

1:50

2

1

diameter: 57 mm 11 screen, aluminium 12 Led - LigHtbuLb 11.5 w, 1521 lumen 13 buLb socket e 27 14 cabLe 15 doweL x16, beechwood 6 mm x 40 mm 16 rubber band x 15 4 mm x 80 mm

side eLevation

1:10

1:50

side eLevation

front eLevation

pLan

a

d2

d2

1:10

1:10

d3

d1

d1

1:10

d3

a

d3

d2

d1

14

eLevation

eLevation

section a - a

13

12

11

10

16

15

9

8a

8b

pLan

eLevation

pLan

pLan

7

1:2

1:2

1:2

1:3.33

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions Pia Schneider Patent

173

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Faxe Kalkbrud

A Survey on Surface - An Invitation to Perform

The tool offers the user the perfect setting to perform. The performance is conducted by an invitation and instructions. In four steps they guide you as you reperform and rewind a previous performance. The setting consists of series of objects that reconfigure the exhibition space. Seemingly simple, yet delicately detailed.

The curtain builds up an intimate entrance to the exhibition and creates a shield. Over the course of the exhibition, guests demolish the curtain. Different views between exhibits and visitors is orchestrated by fragments of fabric, screening the flow of visitors throughout the exhibition period.

The device is an exploration through time, investigating the notion of surface as a privileged place for experimental processes and storytelling, thus meaning.

With previous survey present and tangible in our current being, thoughts about stubborn nature are redigested. Repeating itself, the device is a stubborn search for perfection, yet an exercise of letting go.

174

Dimensions 4220 x 2570 x 3350 mm Materials Wood, metal, paper, fishline, developing tray, shoelaces, scissors, s-hooks, chalk processed cotton, needles, water.

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Sigrun Perla Gisladottir

Patent

a survey on surface an invitation to perform Tool Aesthetics: Bodily Actions and Material Situations 14. - 20. november 2017 - O’Space, Mindet 6, 8000 Aarhus C Sigrún Perla Gísladóttir, TP3 Unit 2/3 E Sustainability: Extraction Aarhus school of Architecture

instructions

...1

6...

...9 ...7

In a designated zone in O’Space.

Place the wooden posts1 A & B, paralell on the floor with app. 3,5 m in between. Shallow saw kerf facing out.

Starting at the top of A, thread fishing line

...8

through the small holes, zig-zagging between A and B until you reach the last hole of A. With help of friends, cautiously raise the posts up and hold in place against the designated columns. Tighten the fishing line7. Tie

...2 ...5

a knot.

Thread a lace8 through each of four eyes on the posts and wrap firmly around the columns. Tie a knot.

175

4...

Propose a screening.

...3

Climb a ladder and hang up ten s-hooks9 on a chord in the ceiling. 18 cm in between, spanning 162 cm in total.

Cautiously unfold the chalk processed cotton cloth6 and hang eyelets on the first eight hooks, counting from left.

Create a shield.

Cut a 3,5 m long piece of fishing line7. Thread through the small holes on the information board2. Make a loop, tie a knot.

Climb the ladder and hang your loop on the remaining hooks.

With information board at eye level, hang a s-hook in the eyelet and scissors5 on the s-hook.

Bend your knees and place the frame3 on the floor, short edge facing front, left corner projected from right edge of information board.

Fill the developing tray4 with water and place it in the frame.

Set the scene.

list of objects

1:10

1:1

0

0.5

1

1.5

m

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Faxe Kalkbrud

Dustbox

This device is the conclusive model of a small investigation on the movement of dust. A series of drawings have been made from working with film recordings of dust clouds at Faxe Kalkbrud, engraved into plexi-glass and slid into a box system of frames and lights. The light goes through the acrylic material and hits the engravings, bringing forth a threedimensional representation of the studies. In addition, a sliding sheet with extra lights can be used to project the drawings outwards onto a surface. The system is easy to manufacture and modify, making room for changeability with new drawings. The device also works as a lamp or spatial installation, in a simple and general way to satisfying the needs of human beings for light; it attracts and gathers people.

176

Dimensions 286 x 300 x 230 mm Materials MDF, 6 mm + plexi-glass clear, 2 mm + LED-strip including 230/12 volt power supply, warm white, 7.2 watt, 3 meters + glue for wood

Side elevation 1:4

Plan 1:2

Frontal elevation, sliding sheet removed 1:4

7. (Optional) Curtain for darkening

6. (Optional) Table of desired height

5. Sliding sheet for projecting, MDF, 3 mm

4. Base plate, MDF, 6 mm

3. Box components, MDF, 6 mm

supply, warm white, 7.2 watt, 3 meters

2. LED-strip including 230/12 volt power

1. Clear plexi-glass sheets, 2 mm, A4

Components:

Dust-box

4.

2.

1.

Thea Marie Hasselbalch, Unit E 2017/2018, Aarhus School of Architecture

6.

3.

5.

7.

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions Thea Marie Hasselbalch Patent

177

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Faxe Kalkbrud

Typewriter

The TYPEWRITER serves as a transpositional typing device translating user input from the deconstructed interface of a universally known QWERTY keyboard to a mathematically degree based output in the form of varying ink imprint on the attached 210 mm wide paper roll being kept in motion using a salvaged inkjet paper feed.

User input is restricted to that of the English alphabet. Users should note the keyboard is not using the standard issue face keys, however the regular layout of a QWERTY keyboard remains the same.

The software operates with order array, meaning tasks will be performed in the order of input. Therefore users may experience unwanted behavior if multiple inputs are given with rapid succession.

The intention of the device is to visualize a disconnection between actual and intended outcome through the known tactility of a deconstructed user interface.

178

Dimensions 880 x 370 x 100 cm Materials MDF, PVC, vinyl tape, Arduino Uno Microcontroller, printer feed, keyboard circuit print, 12V DC motor, modular power adapters, 210 x 1145 mm paper roll, servos, gel pens, jumpers

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Thorbjørn Riis Hammel

Patent

TYPEWRITER LINGUISTIC TRANSPOSITION DEVICE The TYPEWRITER serves as a transpositional typing device translating user input from the deconstructed interface of a universally known QWERTY keyboard to a mathematically degree based output in the form of varying ink imprint on the attached 210 mm wide paper roll being kept in motion using a salvaged inkjet paper feed.

Tech specifications

Legend

-

Paper feed is powered by a 12V DC motor (caution!

1. Motor and cogs running the grip bar and rubber bar.

motor becomes hot after extended periods of use)

2. Paper rolling pins

-

-

User input is restricted to that of the English alphabet. Users should note the keyboard is not using the standard issue face keys, however the regular layout of a QWERTY keyboard remains the same.

TYPEWRITER runs on an Arduino Uno R3 (ATme ga328) microcontroller. Changing software settings or wiring should be restricted to advanced users.

Inking arms operate within a 180 degree range. Power is drawn from a modular 5V 1A adapter. Voltage should never exceed 5V or inking arms may cease function.

-

3. Grip bar continously pulling the paper roll 4. Fastening pin. An upwards position results in less friction between grip bar and paper roll, but may also gause unwanted grinding of paper. A downwards position results in high friction but may cause motor to overheat. A in-between position is wanted.

5. Rubber bar assisting the grip bar in keeping the paper steady and in motion.

Default inking tool installed is the Pilot G-Tec C Gel

6. Servo with attached inking arm.

Pen (.4 line). Inking tool is replaceable.

7. User interface. Input to the device is instructed from here.

The software operates with order array, meaning tasks will be performed in the order of input. Therefore users may experience unwanted behavior if multiple inputs are given with rapid succession.

179

1 Elevation of motor side. Scale 1:2

6 Servo with attached inking arm. Scale 1:1

4

5 3

2

1

6

7

Isometric depiction of whole device Scale 1:3

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Faxe Kalkbrud

Comprehensive Noise

This project focuses on the recordings in sound activities from a specific place and transmitting them to the remote tool and a different context. A site-located recorder is connected to the sound device, which is linked with the tool and the installed speaker at the exhibiting space. The tool is constructed with mould acrylic glasses that reflects the sounds with a revolving spatial composition and invites the listener to a more intimate approach. By framing the recordings in controlled settings, the noises become more comprehensible.

The exaggeration of noises in trivial day are often unconsciously ignored, the aim is to encourage the individual in engaging actively in listening, by listening carefully the noise become fragmented sounds elements that together creates a sense of place or phenomenon. The tool intends to (re)connect the listener with the characteristics of an familiar place as well as exploring new ones. As for the momentarily exhibition the sound played was from a study trip to Face Kalkbrud.

180

Dimensions 2,15 x 45 x 67 cm Tools and materials Metal drill machine / Heat gun / Angle grinder / Circular saw Materials Acrylic glass / Galvanised steel / 4 mm screws / Metal scraps hinges / Tripod / JBL Speaker / Plastic Chamber / Metal piece from blinds / 2 x Sound recorder/player

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Toan Manh Nguyen

Width

Patent

Celcius

67 cm

+/- °20

°80

215 cm

Height

Heat gun

181

Volume

55 DB

Tools & materials: Metal drill machine Heat gun Angle grinder Circular saw Acrylic glass Galvanised steel 4mm screws Metal scraps hinges Tripod JBL Speaker Plastic Chamber Metal piece from blinds 2 xSound recorder/player

Time

Tool Of Comprehensive Noise

Assembly: - Drill 4 mm holes in tripod - Cut the measured galvanized steel - Assemble the acryl and steel with metal scraps and screws - Attach to tripod

15/16 pm

Production of acrylic glass: - Cut acryl glass in 15 x 20 cm - Find a solid form template Heat up acrylic glass to around 80 degrees - When the acrylic is starting to deform, begin the molding - Let the pieces cool after molding

8 am

- Attach metal from blinds to tripod with screws and metal scrap - Connect the plastic chamber and speaker - Set up live recording

Phase 3 â&#x20AC;&#x153;The destructive character knows only one watchword: make room.

And only one activity: clearing away. [...]

The destructive character sees nothing permanent. But for this very reason he sees ways everywhere. Where others encounter walls or mountains, there, too, he sees a way.

But because he sees a way everywhere, he has to clear things from it everywhere.

Not always by brute force; sometimes by the most refined. [...]

The destructive character does his work; the only work he avoids is creative. Just as the creator seeks solitude, the destroyer must be constantly surround- ed by people, witnesses to his efficacy.â&#x20AC;?

Walter Benjamin, The Destructive Character

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Fabricate: Infrastructure for a Designed Landscape

The process of formation is necessarily preceded by the process of disintegration. One system breaks down, is transformed, and reforms as something new.

Extrapolating on this, an unrestrained process of creation is then necessarily preceded by a total and complete destruction. The systems are broken down into their most derivative constituent parts so that they can be rebuilt in a form which is unbeholden to anything previous. This intervention examines this idea by imagining an infrastructure grid which provides to the inhabitants a completely unbridled creativity, allowing them to engineer every aspect of their surroundings. Each point or node on the grid is a connected beacon which provides unrestricted access to information (an internet connection), electricity and a supply of each of lifeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s most basic elements â&#x20AC;&#x201D; those of the periodic table. The grid created by the spatial arrangement of these nodes then allows anything required or desired to

184

be created by way of 3D printing. This materialisation of surroundings extends beyond what is traditionally considered, expanding to include the production of food, water and labour as well as generating the physical landscape into which architecture intrudes.

The network becomes by its nature self-propagating, with additional nodes or sub-networks being printed and connected as required to facilitate further expansion. In order to expand however, additional resources are required to be supplied to the network. The creation of a new and entirely fabricated landscape requires the destruction of the existing landscape and the decomposition of itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s components into their constituent elements, which can then be introduced into the infrastructure network and hence accessed at each of the nodal locations. The network is anchored by a primary supply line which is materialised as a large monolithic wall extending the length of the sector on the western boundary. This interven-

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Alex Montgomery

Faxe Kalkbrud

tion exists also as a representation of the boundary between that which is created by the natural systems which deliver us our environment and that which is fabricated at the behest of human interest. It also seeks to make comment on the one-way dialogue that such an intervention would impose on the site. At the eastern boundary the grid is seen to begin it’s intrusion across into the neighbouring territory, consuming the assets of the landscape as it propagates and enabling further expansion.

The masterplan of such a infrastructure system suggests a post-labour civilisation, one which creates everything about its environment to the detriment of everything which previously existed outside that system. It is utopian in it’s ideals and dystopian in it’s actuality.

185

1:12000 Map - Evolution of a Grid

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

Connecting dots

186

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Amalie Aass Frank

Faxe Kalkbrud

187

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

Water affiliation micro / macro

With the starting point in a specific mining site in Greenland Maarmorilik, I developed a fuller comprehension of the extraction phenomenon. Furthermore, I worked with the translation of such a complex concept into a visual architectural understanding, and how parameters such as economics, society and politics could be expressed as spatial phenomena. I looked deeper into the flow of transport, in both a micro and macro scale; the international transport and the transport specifically within the mine. That prompted me to study the flows of the natural transport systems in Faxe Kalkbrud, with a fascination of the movement of water, as a cause of the excavations. In that survey, I became aware of how the duplicity pairs; micro/macro and abstract/physical, served as methods to gather information.

188

We were in Phase #3 asked to work in a larger scale and understand Faxe Kalkbrud as a part of a bigger environment. Thereby, I had to revisit extraction as a phenomenon and how I imagined it as a capitalistic organism with a direction, always hungry and outturned. The more it gets, the more it wants. That process lead me to developing the new satellite expansion project, where a satellite quarry is thrown out in the landscape, as a feeler, preparing the area for the expansion of the original quarry. The satellite causes the calcium-ridden groundwater to arise and thereby creates a “water ore” between the two quarries and turns into a ramification of the water, which then supplies the field with calcium water. The more the expansion of the quarries, the bigger the calcium-water network. Hereby, a quid pro quo relationship is established, in how the quarry eats up land but still qualifies the retaining fields, a way of giving back to nature. This is the aim of the intervention in a macro scale, but seen in a micro scale the purpose of the intervention is to connect citizens and create awareness about living near an extraction site. The flowing stream will then be a constant reminder and function as threads that integrate the quarry in the area. It hereby has a physical form but an abstract purpose as well.

The calcium water is controlled by the “parliaments of measurements” which constantly measures the calcium content of the water, while it measures the soil and thereby the farmers know how much calcium water they should tap from the stream.

To sum up, the intervention interacts with the infrastructure of the fields and how calcium, from the destructive mining process, can be repurposed and be used by the farmers. It enters into a dialogue with a basic comprehension of extraction by exploring excavations from two sites, where the destructive expansion has a positive outcome. Lastly, the intervention can be seen in a 1:1 human scale, in how it establishes a connection and affiliation between the quarry and the surrounding area.

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Amalie Lykke Baadsgaard

Faxe Kalkbrud

189

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Data Flights

55°15'34.9"N 34 12°07'53.8"E 12° 12/14/2020 / 14:30:55 55 UTC +01:00 0 _ED D 01.44/D {status: s online} site of \extraction\ s analysis: //// topographic changes.. machines present active, machines present inactive, human employment hu rate te of extraction, water r drainage age l/s, water flow w l/s, human an presence, bio io mass/dead bio io mass, chalk ch cloud calculations, ion chalk c spillage, noise oi i 12°08 12°08'04.6"E disturbances .... plant diversity, y, animals, insects, invasive as species, chalk moisture ur horizon riz calculations lc .... cross reference ef ren e historical data, standard st baseline bas as data //// // /

12°08'47.0"E °0

12°08'27.0"E '

12°09'27.0"E

12°09'07.0"E 09' '

12°08'07.0"E speed: 7.0 m/s wind: 10 m/s drag: 02066 bar/m vortex: -435 ps gravity: 560

190

7 m /s 22m/s

8 m /s

° 12

"N

1 /D 6.

23 '5 5 GD °1 55

5m/s

1

5 m /s

0/D 2°09' .30 1 127 2.1"N WD 2 16' 55°

D N 4/ 9" .4 4.

01 5'3 D E 5°1 5

"E

.8

53

' 07

6 m /s

.

33

8'

0 2°

E 3"

36m/s

s

m/

10

16m/s

9"E

34.

speed: 2.3 m/s wind: 6 m/s drag: 02823 bar/m vortex: -923 ps gravity: 4310

speed: 4.7 m/s wind: 8 m/s drag: 00325 bar/m vortex: -273 ps gravity: 1733

55°17'29.1"N "N 12°10'31.1"E "E 12/14/2020 0 14:30:55 UTC +01:00 _WD 127.300/D 7. {status: u online} water er quality analysis:

55°15'56.1"N 5'5 N 12°08'33.3"E 12/14/2020 020 14:30:55 UTC +01:00 _GD 23/D D {status: s online} grain n \field\ analysis: ysi

12°08'47.0"E 0

//// / soil analysis... seed pattern so analysis, data for irrigation, nitrogin-level management, plant health, production inefficiencies, crop managgement changes crop density, crop health, cr fungal nga infection assess 12°09'07.0"E 12°09'0 2°09'0 0 ment, bacterial ba infectio assessment nt ... current crop yield... iel predictions, terrain ain n features/ topography raphy interferences, organic rg matter mat content, moisture re levels, nitrogen levels, s, pH, EC, Mg, K .... cross reference re historical data, standard n baseline data ////

18m/s

12°09'27.0"E '

//// / dissolved oxygen, turbidity d total solids: silt, clay, to soil il runoff, plankton, industrial tri waste, and sewage. ph level temperature and an flow rate proximity to: industry, nd development, and dams. dams Nitrogen: eutrofication on fecal coliform....

12°09'47.0"E 12 °09 09'4 4 biochemical oxygen demand... an aerobic microorganisms, s, organic pollution phosphorous .... mg/l: aluminum, copper, c total iron, magnese, sodium s zinc, chloride,argentometric, e, flouride, nitate, t nitrite, sulphate, arsenic, ar barium, cadmium, cyanide, chrom Hexavalent, lead, mercury..... ...organic matter..bio mass ... cross reference historical data, standard baseline data ////

12°10'07.0"E 10

1

55°17'29.1"N 12°10'31.1"E 12/14/2020 14:30:55 UTC +01:00 _FD 233/D {status: online} forest inventory analysis: //// landscape analysis species diversity, species richness, species evenness: percentage area, tree diameters and heights, biomass age, tree stem count and stocking levels, forest structure, above ground bio mass, sub ground bio mass, uprooted tree levels, dead wood occurence, fugal communities, temperature indicators, ...soil analysis: : carbon dioxide, nitrogen remains, ammonium, nitrate... e. bactarial growth analysis s (a1,a2,a3,a4,a5....a1000) 00 ........ seeds, berries, mushrooms, r oils, foliage, pollarding, la medicinal plants, peat, p mast, fuelwood, fish, spices s and forage... human imprint. . footsteps,racing, backpacking, k cycling, camping trash, as human body count vs ... .. ecozones, , border zone analysis ......potential po fire hazards animals ls present, pre fur-beares, carnivores iv vs herbivores, amphibians, ph insect sec mass (a1,a2,a3,a4.....a1600), a1 a16 . .... cross reference historical cal data, standard baseline data ta ////

Athena Wyller

12°10'07.0"E

12°09'47.0"E 09'

1 12°10'27.0"E

base #01 name: sector_4 55°17'49.2"N 12°11'03.2"E 12/14/2020 14:30:55 UTC +01:00 status: active location: Faxe NE count_drones: 627 released: 233 home_bound: 77 output: PoT_14:30:34_FD PoT_14:30:10_ED PoT_14:29:06_SD input: PoT_14:00_mntnce

speed: 1.9 m/s wind: 5 m/s drag: 00061 bar/m vortex: -514 ps gravity: 1050 FD 23 3/ 55°17' D 29.1"N

12°10'

31.1"E 27m/s

s

SD 04.233/D 55°17'22.0"N 12°11'22.8"E

speed: 0.5 m/s wind: 8 m/s drag: 00325 bar/m vortex: -495 ps gravity: 876 55°17'22.0"N 2.

12°11'22.8"E 12° 12/14/2020 20 14:33:55 :55 UTC +01:00 0 _SD 04.233/D 0 {status: ta online} soil o ingredient analysis: / ////

12°10'47.0"E 12 1

12°11'07.0"E 1'

12°11'27.0"E 2

Humanity’s impact on the Earth is now so profound that a new geological epoch – the Anthropocene, has been declared. We are now the primary geological force on earth, earlier assigned exclusively to non-human forces and flows. The Earth isn’t unconnected to human action by scale (in time and space), it is moving, and we are also moved by it. The human enterprise intertwines with the other processes of the Earth system.

After reading Bruno Latour, I suggest a Parliament of Things . The parliament is a philosophical attempt to institutionalize a poletic that involves non-human as well as human agents, the members, in the making of laws and regulations. The parliament values all Members’ interests, interests that need to be treated in the same political process, because it all is inter-relational. How would the world look if we took the interest of limestone into account, or that of the raindrop, tree, fish or tractor?

To represent non-human Members scientifically, in flux, requires masses of data updated continuously. An infrastructure to collect updated information is essential to the performance of the Parliament. As a political institution, it allows the Parliament to remain open to the new associations and fluxes that the collective of the Members of Parliament is constructed by. In this way the different Members are heard at their own premise, and it demands the Parliament to ever reevaluate the importance of each Member.

The base, where the gatherers nest, is one of several placed in the landscape.

To collect data, the gatherers have monitoring devices that capture images and measure wavelength signals.

The gatherers analyse everything from the micro changes in the topography of the fields, to the amounts of nitrate in the ground, biomass, to seeds, plant diversity, to the excavators active or inactive at the limestone quarry. This information is sent directly to the Parliament, where it is processed and also cross referenced with historical data.

It is used by the Parliament to defend the interests of both human and non humans in their making of legislations.

m/

15

Faxe Kalkbrud

The infrastructure collects data by drones. The gatherers are silent, they move by wind, their movement and direction reacts to the wind resistance. They might have some solar paneled surfaces. They move by flock, in groups throughout the course of day. They share intelligence in the sense that they are collectively mapping out data of an area. They move by grid, and are programmed to move specifically via GPS coordinates, in relation to the information they are looking for.

12m/s

/s 4m 0.

12°10'27.0"E '2

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

..nutrient tri content- major nutrients: ts: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), (P and potassium (K) secondary nutrients: nts sulfur, calcium, magnesium gne minor nutrients: iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron, molybdenum, chlorine or ...... bactarial growth analysis ly (a1,a2,a3,a4,a5....b1000) b ...soil acidity pH H level.... ....cross reference e historical data, h ta standard baseline se data a //// gatherers’ information flights 1:12000

N

The data collected by the gatherers can be accessed by anyone, as soon as it is collected. In this way it is a great aid to the neighbouring sectors, as their infrastructures intelligence depends on the numbers and images captured by the Parliaments gatherers.

The space from which the information is extracted from, does have a maximum physical bound, called the Critical Zone. The zone extends vertically from the top of the lower atmosphere down to the so- called sterile rocks, and horizontally wherever it is possible to obtain reliable data on the various fluxes of ingredients flowing through the chosen site.

The human agent is not unified as one, but rather seen as acting in many different ways with different non-human agents. Though “Everything is connected”, we are not dealing with a unified system that we attempt to discover parts of, there is no silent engineer behind it all . The Parliament of Things attempts to compose the common world, because this is the only way to approach a never-ending ever-changing changing world, a world of interconnected responsibility.

191

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Floating fields - Vertical crop rotation system

Working with tactics of disturbance, and dissecting and extracting from the site, to create a infrastructure that relates to automation, population, industry, living and movement.

Positioned a little north-east from Faxe kalkbrud, slice #5, I have been working with and treating an area that has the qualities of being compacted with fields, mainly used for agriculture and cultivation of crops, as well as having a few settlements and existing infrastructures.

Working with an interest to unite the two industries that coexists in Faxe - the agriculture, and the extraction of material - I began investigating the site and all its variation, both horizontally and vertically, cutting out the fields and extruding them upwards, exploring different possibilities of the landscape.

By doing this, it allows to continue the cultivating and harvesting of crops, as well as extracting the limestone that lies beneath the topsoil. And even

192

N

Winter-wheat, altitude 50 Grass or other forage, altitude 40 Winter-rapeseed, altitude 25

so, activating the limestone so that it could benefit the crops and the nutrition of the soil. Denmark is today using the technique of monocropping, meaning they grow the same crop year after year. And while economically this is a very efficient system, allowing to specialize in equipment and crop production, monocropping also damages the soil ecology, draining it from minerals and reducing the diversity of soil nutrients. The alternative is using crop-rotation, variating the crops that grow, season by season.

This means that the soil is not only used for one set of nutrients, but multiple, helping in reducing soil erosion and increasing soil fertility and crop yield.

In this suggestion the two is being combined. The soil can get a rotation of stages in the process, circulating between growing, harvesting and replenishing the soil, aiming to avoid exhaustion of soil, while also creating a more efficient industry. Accumulating more, at a steadier pace. Hopefully

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

resolving the problem of todays uncertainty in agriculture. The rotation is organized so that three fields with three different types of crops is connected together - in relation having three arms connected to one point, working as a sort of balance weight. When field 01 is lifted to an altitude of 50, field 02 is at 40, and field 03 is at 25 (which is at ground level here).

Each altitude is assigned different functions.

Altitude 25 is replenishment the soil. Altitude 40 is growing of the crops.

Altitude 50 os harvesting of crops.

Bodil Eiterstraum

Faxe Kalkbrud

stone, the nomadic automatic, extraction machine (Carl, sector 6) moves ‘organically’ through the landscape and under the fields at altitude 50, beginning the process of extraction. Afterwards making way again, so that the fields can return back down.

The act of extraction activates the chalk, going back into the process of replenishing the soil, leaving behind nutrients and minerals that the fields need to be able to grow healthy crops.

The circulation of the fields is being controlled by following the information of the soil values, which is being collected by drones (Athena, sector 4) that collect information about all things for the «parliament of things».

When the soil levels are looking good, enough calcium and phosphor, it is fully replenished and ready to grow crops, setting the rotation in motion.

When a field has been lifted the area beneath can be used to extract lime-

193

Landscape model, 1:12000

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Nomadic automatic – A modular extraction machine

Faxe kalkbrud has through the last century continuously decreased it’s amount of labourers yet increased it’s limestone output, especially in the last decade. Made possible through ever more advanced machinery this trend will continue until full automization is reached.

This project takes a look into the future and suggests a modular machine which, once in operation can mine all of Zealand and strip the soil of it’s limestone, present almost anywhere on the island, without any human intervention.

It consists of 9 linked squares with a 3-axis-router with attached tool and transport-container each. One pioneer is breaking new ground by removing all obstacles, unplugging a disused pillar, transporting and drilling it in at its new destination. Beams can lift themselves up and drive on other beams’s tracks to their place. Thus it’s acting as a nomad – once the limestone of one square is exhausted it moves on to the next while production never stops.

194

nomadic automatic

modular extraction machine 1/12000

It leaves a trace in the form of 50x50x20m holes which form lakes and canals once the groundwater comes seeping in. It’s a ponderous yet efficiant, judicious yet violent, context-creating machine exposing the role of the human in the 21. century. Our task as designing animals is now too look at what the machine leaves us behind and to put it to good use.

A multiplayer game puts you in this position – you move one square of the machine after its done extracting there and leave a scetch/idea of what’s to come at the mined hole in the ground. Free design collaboration without restrictions.

Collaboration might be the key here – between humans but also between human and machine. The machine and it’s output, not operated by a big corporation and since independent, can be claimed, the income generated can be used for starting up the next purpose of the left-behind possibility.

The concern of how the act of extraction and the machinery needed can lay the foundation for the region’s.

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Carl Justus Fuchs

Faxe Kalkbrud

195

the pla gam e yg rou nd

ma

in

pow

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tra

ine

ffic

ro u

te

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Vertical and horizontal expansion

In this phase — phase#3 — I investigated the possibilities of the slice I was given. Through my research I found that in Denmark there is an existing problem; that the farming sector is not sustainable in the way that the EU has to contribute money to support and keep the wheel of the farming sector running. In the same term 5% of people in the countryside of Denmark are moving away form the country side, and in the Faxe commune the population growth is 0,63% in average a year. This lead to further investigations. But first, since the assignment had a purpose to create some kind of infrastructure, I looked into the existing infrastructure of my site and what I noticed at first was how the fields almost had an existing grid, how the houses around the existing roads were almost like parasites along the road, or the existing infrastructure. Since I was noticing this I made the following hypothesis; “If I make more and better infrastructure in a specific place there will be a growth of habitation in the specific area.”

This hypothesis created the foundation for my further work.

I started to look into where I could use the existing road to create grids from them to the fields of the site. So I started to create unspecific infrastructures to the fields. Unspecific here means that I didn’t want to make a stand of what roads it should be; bike lanes, side walks, or more like walking streets and public transportation, but more like lines which could be all of the proposed things or neither, either way creating a better infrastructure which will still fulfill my hypothesis. Afterwards I imagined how the city will expand in a way that would follow the roads and create new parasites to the new imaginary infrastructure I laid out. It meant I would destroy the fields belonging to the farmers. Which I didn’t want to do, but in the same way allowed for the creation of a foundation for another way of approaching agriculture for the farmers. So what I imagined was to create vertical farms which had proportional sizes of the fields I destroyed, and are connected to the previously existing farms with the new infrastructure, which also creates the possibility for habitation between.

Using the geometrics of the Fields Tactics of disturbance Sector 7

Christian Simon Reese December 17th 2017

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DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Christian Simon Reese Reinholdt Andersen

Faxe Kalkbrud

So basically I wanted to revolutionize the way to farm, but not take anything away from the farmes but giving them an opportunity to live close to the nature, in the city and maybe create a even more sustainable solution for the farming sector.

I made another infrastructure which was connected via water pipes and to my neighbor Carl. This infrastructure consisted of large squares of 50m*50m holes in the earth that will fill up with water which I could use in my infrastructure of pipes that connected via the grid to every house but also every vertical farm.

By farming in the vertical and creating foundation for habitation I hoped to make a solution for the problems of farming in Denmark.

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EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Faxe overlook and pathway

Manipulate disrupt force reshape extract exploit opportunity advantage regulate repeat abandon expand shrink reclaim social-impact heritage adjust perspective characteristics encourage develop promote value neighborhood community connect access provide Benefit.

When a quarry has existed for some time in a certain community, it tends to become a part of the local identity and economy. Furthermore it can reshape and recreate the local identity by reinventing the local heritage as well as landscape while expanding and claiming more land. And at some point the quarry may have some amount of worked land which is no longer in use. Instead of neglecting this land, there may be a lot to be gained by rehabilitation and creating a site of dialogue between the quarry and the surrounding landscape. Inspired by simple solutions with huge impacts, in contrast to the quarry where the impact of human presence

is very visible, this project divided in three parts attempts to promote the local landscape as well as community.

Part one. Rehabilitation of quarry simply by changing the topsoil of the site, to promote local heritage (ex. Indigenous vegetation), without changing the new worked landscape. While standing as a contrast to the surrounding traditionally cultivated landscape; the rehabilitated part of the quarry serves as a way to combat biodiversity loss due to the extraction of the site. Part two. Improving surrounding infrastructure and bringing the community closer to the quarry as well as each other. By encouraging the social network of relationships of the small scale consolidated neighborhoods, the new rehabilitated part of the quarry can serve as a place to meet and interact. Part three. Ensuring and encouraging the quarry as part of the local heritage and identity, by providing the community a new perspective and a way to approach the urban reality.

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DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Daniel Berekhetab Habtemariam

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EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Post extraction _ How human interest transform physical territories

With inspiration from my previous phases in our research semester, and an emerging understanding of the contradictions and the very act of extraction, I have gradually gravitated towards the subject of how human interest transforms and disturbs physical territories.

Working with a mining site in Maarmorilik, Greenland, in phase 1, I investigated the local consequences of extracting raw matter, and how the waste products from the excavations are disturbing the local fjord systems. In phase 2, I explored the possibilities of using a mirror, in movement, to understand and analyse an unknown landscape. Unfolding this on an excursion to Faxe Kalkbrud, the biggest man-made hole in Denmark, I used my body and walking as measuring tools in order to register transformaPost_extraction tions and disturbances. Exploring the current state of the landscape and its relationship to its own past andhow future. human interest transforms physical territories In the last phase I am using the medium of representation to foreground

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the need for a more flexible infrastructure in the future. Faxe Kalkbrud was bought by the largest limestone company in the world, “Lhoist” from Belgium, in 1996 and is predicted to expand rapidly in the future. Starting in the North and South and later in the East, where my area is located.

Holding matter aimed for extraction for at least 200 years, I attempted to experiment with more adaptable and fluent compositions.

Inspired by the methodology of Andrea Branzi and his critical portrait of ‘Agronica’ , I started working with how power structures are manifested in physical forms. I experimented with the thought of making an infrastructure build completely on the premise of being the most profitable and beneficial to the company.

Operating in sector 9, which is a thinly settled area primarily dominated by fields and farms, it is a rather productive landscape, sensitive to economic forces. Taking a critical position, I was interested in the relentless con-

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Ditte Horsbøl Sørensen

Faxe Kalkbrud

sumption of raw matter, and how capitalism can create nomads. Forcing people to leave their settlements and to sell their lands. Even though it is a discrete method, it is still a manifestation of their actual power. While extracting, they are also subtracting existing infrastructures and disturbing current ecosystems. Playing with the idea of post-extraction, I also raised the question of how to inhabit or react to a place of former destruction. The project is portraying a future scenario in the quarry, where people are constantly adapting to the interest in profit and the agency of the destroyers. Living in portable shelters on piles of waste soil in a transient and temporary landscape. Previous systems are replaced by an infrastructure dominated by dynamics, function, interest, and uncertainty.

This project is a comment on the current and future activities at the mining site in Faxe and the systematic extraction of resources. Driven by a curiosity regarding what kind of landscape, society and mentality we are cultivating, and how power structures are shaping urban environments.

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scale 1 : 12 000 sector 9, Faxe Kalkbrud

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Mølleå Park

In the first phase I delt with the city of Larderello in Tuscany and its geothermal energy industry. It attracted my attention that the different historical time periods specifically interesting in Larderello were portrayed in very different light and generated different feelings. We as humans cannot be in a space or a landscape and not have our view on it be tinted by social and individual norms. Apparently there is most of the time no way to stay objective when dealing with a space or landscape, because we are always influenced by our knowledge, our views on specific topics, our social background.

Following the first phase, we visited Faxe and its limestone quarry. I was still thinking about perception when visiting the quarry and noticed that the industrial site was, seen from above, a vast structure so clearly manmade that one didn´t even need to notice the industry to understand that this was an extraction site. When walking through the quarry, however, I observed something totally different. The white limestone on the ground

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Mølleå Park 1:17 000

made the lakes look like the Caribbean and one felt like this place was not even near Denmark. Our brain connects certain images to certain conclusions and different perspectives on the same space can reveal different facts about it.

When I was given sector 10 of our circular site to create an infrastructure, I started analyzing the landscape east of the quarry. Quickly my attention was drawn to the stream making its way from the north to the ocean. It is enclosed in fields and gave me the impression of a private water force, not being used or seen by anyone. That got me thinking of the river in history and still today, and the fact that it has always been a strong element for us humans. Streaming water as a reason for building cities, building infrastructure is a known concept. So why not change the perception of this enclosed area into something open and public. I decided to create a park structure that connects Faxe Ladeplads with Faxe, the land with the ocean and the people of Faxe with a secure space, that for a very long time won´t

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Ella Neumaier

Faxe Kalkbrud

be effected by the expansion of the quarry. I learned through my previous investigations that the way people see a space or landscape is not objective but subjective. Researching on the community website I found out that there is a need for outdoor activity areas in the region. So my concept became clear: I create a park structure with outdoor activity possibilities for the citizens of the region and by that give them a chance to emotionally connect with a place outside of the expansion zone of the quarry that will effect their town. Though the structure I, over time, shift the center of the region from the endangered zone to the east and give the town a starting point to become a new settlement on the river and expand without the quarry´s expansion getting in the way. The park is, although it should give the citizens a chance to not be at the quarry, connected with the industry.

A pipe system is built to use the excess water from the quarry efficiently to positively influence the agriculture in the area. The water is led through the Mølleå river and to the sea.

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EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Faxe Canyon - Revealing the already existing

SECTOR 11. NOT INCLUDING NEGOTIATION AREAS. ROADS. ROADS INSIDE OF FOREST AREA CROSSING THROUGH THE CANYON. ROADS. MAIN ROADS OUTSIDE OF FOREST AREAS. MOVEMENT. BY WATER PATHWAY LEADING FROM QUARRY TO CANYON. VARIATION OF FOREST. TYPES OF VEGETATION. NEIGHBORING INTERVENTION. PIPES TRANSPORTING WATER FROM THE QUARRY MAIN STREAM AND LAKE WITH ACCESS WATER. AREAS WITH FOREST VEGETATION. SEA COAST. EXISTING AND FUTURE FORMATION. VISIBILITY. VIEWPOINT EAST/WEST AS WALKING TOWARDS THE THE CANYON.

This project collects and merges phases 00, 01 and 02 leading up to phase 03, focusing on visualizing and materializing the intangible and revealing the already existing.

By creating a real-life section cut the landscape is revealed; naked and honest. the shape, structure, content and surrounding is unfolded, focussing on a knowledge and awareness of the surrounding landscape. this framing directly connects to phase 00, in a wish to materialize and make the intangible boundaries, tangible.

Because of the amount of forest and trees raising above the horisont in the area east of the center of faxe town, the visibility is limited. therefor, despite of a possible placing close by the sea you as a viewer might not have the awareness of so. By cutting through the landscape in a length of 1500 meters and depth reaching 10 meters when at its highest, this knowledge and vision is made visible.

Following the water pathways of the area, you as a viewer will be guided to the canyon. The dynamic element of the flushing water, hitting the harsh concrete and entering the canyon, works as a juxtaposition to the static of the intervention/canyon that emphasizes the already existing.

The water is extracted and lead from the limestone quarry of faxe and therefore, by interacting with this water, an indirect connection is made between the viewer and the quarry - the foundation of the city.

Due to the length of the canyon,the viewer must move and walk through

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DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Emilie Cordelia Kert Sønder

the canyon to experience it, and reach a level of realization. This interaction working as the method of revealing connects with phase 02, where it was only through movement the viewer was capable of seeing and thereby realizing what was already surrounding oneself.

At the very tip of the subtracted area, in the middle of the wild sea, the viewer experiences a new framing of the landscape and can now connect the town to the greater context of faxe. Like phase 01 the historical aspects and long term layering is made visible - a vision and understanding only reachable due to the extraction/subtraction in relation to interaction.

Three existing roads are divided by the canyon. These are kept as a sign of the existing habitation, cutting through nature. by the same roads citizens of faxe and the surrounding area will be made aware of the canyon and thereby the whole area. as a result of the subtracted area, a new coastline will with time come to exist. This coastline will have its own - independent “focus” and position - working its way away from the existing coastline by north, and instead pointing towards the landscape, the canyon and the quarry by the water.

In total this project wishes to reveal the surroundings, and give back the landscape of faxe countryside to the citizens of faxe. By the use of juxtapositions the intervention shows the nature, partly disturbed and rearranged by human - revealing what is already there.

Faxe Kalkbrud

FAXE CANYON

BY EXTRACTING MATERIAL FROM THE COUNTRYSIDE AND SUBTRACTING THE SAME IN A DIRECT LINE IN THE WATER, A NEW PATHWAY IS CREATED. THIS CONNECTS NOT ONLY THE TWO SIDES BUT ALSO MIRRORING THE EXISTING LANDSCAPE IN A REFLECTION OF THE WATER. IN A DIRECT LINE POINTING TOWARDS THE QUARRY, TAKING ITS STARTING POINT IN THE SEA, THE LANDSCAPE; FORMATION, VEGETATION AND DENSITY WILL BE REVEALED AND EXPOSED. FLUSHING THROUGH THE CANYON A RIVER CONSISTING OF BOTH ACCESS WATER FROM THE QUARRY AS WELL AS NATURAL STREAMS FROM FACE COUNTRYSIDE, INTERACTS WITH THE VIEWER, DOMINATING, AND DECIDING WHEN TO ALLOW AND WHEN TO LIMIT THE ACCESSIBILITY. THROUGH MOVEMENT CITIZENS OF FACE CAN RELATE, INTERACT AND BECOME ONE WITH THE LANDSCAPE, COASTLINE AND QUARRY AT ONE. REALIZING THE SURROUNDINGS ALREADY EXISTING CLOSE BY ONESELF.

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1 : 12000 SECTOR 11 CORDELIA KERT SØNDER

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

From Quarry to Kitchen

‘From Quarry to Kitchen’ reveals a 14km water system underground; connecting quarry, fields/farming and ocean in a cyclic infrastructure. Excess water from the extraction site, Faxe Kalkbrud, provides an economic water system servile to agriculture. Why not naturally increase the harvest yield, which this project suggests as a 20 year plan. Global warming and the expansion of Faxe Kalkbrud increases the amount of water. The lake on sector 12 contains 15.000 m3 of waste water today, 2017. In 2037 it needs to facilitate 320.000.000m3 of water, as the level increases 100.000m3 per year and will become 2.000.000.000m3 from the quarry’s full extraction.

Water travels down through the strata during 50 years to hit AOC 0, a process that cannot be speeded up. The soil is already saturated, a side affect which means floorings will appear if nothing is to be done and a water level rising of 4-5 meters upwards per year. Our groundwater is too rich on calcium already in Denmark.

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This project addresses this matter by sprinkling water out on large surfaces, reliving the pressure from an already intense area. It rains 200 days a year. Farmers are not in need of watering their fields. However the soil is exhausted to the limits. There is a solution. The water from the limestone quarry is nutritious on calcium and magnesium, a boost to grow better crops quicker, hence From Quarry to Kitchen. This base value in the water dilutes acid indication in the landscape and decreases a farmer’s approach of using excessive amounts of fertiliser. The expansion of the waste lake sustains drinking water pumped up from ground level and therefore relates to us in more ways throughout the process of producing materials or food from quarry to kitchen and stepping away from impoverishment.

It transforms a dump area into reservoirs to contain excess water from the quarry, enables tanks to engage with agriculture and boost the eco-system in forest areas by opening up the water system. Pumps create pressure every 10 meters on this line, tide generators in the sea facilitate electricity

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Emma Grace Edwards

Faxe Kalkbrud

for the pumps to release the impulse of pressure. Farmers connect to their field pits whenever calcium and magnesium is needed. Further excess water is led into Vivede Mølleü North of sector 12, Sector 11. The local negotiation lies within agreeing to this investment of the future. Pipes will be laid out. The quarry is more than a scar. It is a catalyst for ecosystem and urban farming.

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EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Rest + Harvest

Rest + Harvest lies to the South East of Faxe Kalkbrud in the thirteenth sector which extends to the shoreline. The formulation and development of this design have a very strong base in collaboration with neighbouring sectors. This in combination with an exploration of borders/boundaries and how they dictate movement have been the founding conceptual bases for this design.

My previous explorations at both Faxe Kalkbrud and Oâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Space exhibition space have directed me towards the study of borders and boundaries, both in the physical and immaterial sense. I have brought this focus into Rest + Harvest through the relocation and redefinition of field and city boundaries as well as the creation of a path of movement between city and agricultural land.

Currently sector thirteen primarily consists of agricultural lands that are used to grow crops such as wheat, grapeseed and barley. The sector

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also contains half of the town of Faxe Ladeplads, a port town where the material taken from Faxe Kalkbrud are exported globally. It is also holiday town as it lies on the coast of Denmark. A few smaller settlements are also within sector and a railway runs through the western portion of the sector.

To preface the design, its relationship to the concepts proposed for the neighbouring sectors must be explained. On its Southern side, Georg has proposed the redesign and expansion of Faxe Ladeplads into a linear, transport-based metropolis. The city runs along a central axis which acts as the train line between Faxe Kalkbrud and the port and a means of transport for the cities inhabitants. This proposed city places a strong emphasis on blurring the line between work and home. On the sectorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s northern side, Emma has proposed an expansive pipeline that is used to pump the excess water produced by the extraction at the quarry into neighbouring agricultural fields as well as out to sea. Some of the pipeline extends into sector thirteen and provides water to a few crop fields.

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Genevieve Aloka Welch-Hammial

The transformation of the sector and implementation of Rest + Harvest can be divided into two main stages. The first is the relocation of all inhabitants and their homes to Georgâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s city which allows for new agricultural fields to be created on what was habited land. This also compensates for any agricultural land that is displaced by the growth of the new Faxe Ladeplads.

placed in the middle of heavily farmed parts of the sector.

The second stage involves the implementation of five â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;hubsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; that are placed throughout the sector. These hubs act as places for the grain and crop produced by the neighbouring fields to be processed, stored and dispersed. They are also purposed as places for rest, regeneration and agricultural involvement for the people of Faxe Ladeplads. Each hub has an individual function with two of the hubs purely designed for rest. These hubs are located next to the sea and in the middle of forested land. The remaining three hubs all have agricultural processing functions and are

An example of a rest + harvest hub is detailed in the following drawings.

This hub combines leisure and agriculture in an effort to involve the people of the city with the growing and processing of their food. Cooking and dining facilities are present as well as rest and relaxation areas and small indoor gardens. This particular example hub also has crop storage capacity. The transport lines run through the building with one platform dedicated to crop transportation and one platform purposed for passengers travelling from the city.

Faxe Kalkbrud

Connecting these hubs is a transport system that facilitates the movement of both crop and people between the hubs and city and two train stations based at either end of the city connect the hubs to the city. These transport pathways are based on pre-existing roads in an effort to reduce construction and redevelopment ramifications.

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EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Faxe Rustbelt

This project uses the industrial infrastructure repurposed for an urban renewal. An old railway going from the processing station to the harbor, will serve as a centralized axis in which the main infrastructural element, becomes a cultural monument for the city. Transportation of limestone will run along the center of the city to create a celebration of the industrial history of Faxe Ladeplads and make the city a musuem of itself. The railway will not only transport limestone, but also people, goods and even waste management. The organized scheme is created through programatic belts directed perpendicular towards the central axis characterized by congestion in the x axis and urban decay in the y axis. The city is divided into 5 zones at every 660 meter. The rapid change of programs along the perimeter will create an intense and extreme metropolitan boulevard along the railway. Since work and leisure are complementary parts of the same living process and cannot be separated, all traditional divisions of the citybetween public and private, work and living, culture and market- are no longer relevant. They all stack up on each other like the floors of a Manhat-

tan skyskraper. All traditional archetypes of public space are avoided, such as squares and streets, and public spaces is instead evident in the very spaces of production. Parallell strips of built an unbuilt space, alternating between massive and open space - creates the circulating scheme and allows the space between buildings to take on an infinite range of forms, such as hills or agricultural land and farms. Rather than open space being an island within the city, open space runs through the city and becomes the very structure. Each zone could be conccived as an archetype, that is, as a potentially repeatable form. This is not to say that the repetitions must always be excactely the same. concentration or clustering of any programatic component is avoided. The formal qualities of the linearity allows a very democratized organization, where every acting program of the city are equally distributed with the same amount of center and periphery. Just as the factory, each of the parts in the series of assembly line is absolutely homogenous with the whole; there are no hierachies of value in the programs, and there must not be any, at the risk of causing the line

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FAXE RUST BELT SITEPLAN

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Georg Bugge Reitan

Faxe Kalkbrud

itself to break. There are no residental properties, only a series of highrise hotels, accomodating inhabitants both with a temporary home and office.

Rather than paying for spesific territories with shelter, you pay for the right to shelter. Rent is an annual membership fee, which grant acess to a any room on a temporal basis. This will (along with the rest of the city) be an informal space for social encountering, since this kind of interaction encourage both exchange of knowledge and thereby the overall production.

This will be the ultimate integration of the prolonging of the working week and the blurring of â&#x20AC;&#x153;buisness hoursâ&#x20AC;?. The importance of the production of knowledge has made the institution of the university a fundamental productive unit in the post-fordist economy. Education is actually an industry.

A series of faculties will be located within the programatic matrix, so the whole city becomes an enlarged university campus, where students are constantly involved in the industry.

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EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Faxe Basin

Faxe Basin is a concept proposal for a future intervention in the city of Faxe. The project attempts to mend the currently strained relationship between Faxe Kalk A/S and the people of Faxe, which has emerged because of the company’s activities at Faxe Kalkbrud. In order begin this process, the project targets a number of current concerns and wishes voiced by the general public and the discussions brought up in contemporary local plans issued by the local government.

These issues include the desire to re-establish the beaches, which are almost gone now as a result of a decision back in 2003 to remove the breakwaters the coastline and instead establish coastal protection to preserve the inland coastline. By re-introducing the beaches, the local government hopes to create a more attractive harbour area, while at the same time addressing the public wishes. The proposed solution is to take the sand that is being dug up near the existing marina and dump it at the beaches.

However, this would only be a contemporary solution as sand would keep

Faxe Basin

Faxe Basin

having to be applied, since no measures have been suggested to prevent the continued erosion.

Another problem in the area is the poor water quality in Faxe Å and Faxe Bugt. This problem has to main sources, the first being that many sewage outlets leads directly into Faxe Å that runs out into Faxe Bugt. The other source is Faxe Kalkbrud and the facilities of Faxe Kalk A/S at the industrial area at the harbour. Faxe Kalk A/S has been known to pump the water from the limestone quarry into Faxe Å, a procedure that contributes to the poor quality of the stream’s water. Much in the same way, the facilities at the harbour are responsible for contaminating the water through the actions that takes place at those facilities.

The proposed intervention attempts to target these issues through the installation of a set of pools by the coast, the Faxe Basin. The two pools are supposed to filled with cleaned water from Faxe Kalkbrud, thereby

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Legend

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Glenn Gundelach-Taabbel

Faxe Kalkbrud

stopping the water from entering Faxe Ă&#x2026; and helping to improve its water quality. This way the quarry gains a secondary purpose that will impact the relations with Faxe city. The form of the basin will help redirect the water currents, making it possible to re-establish the beaches, as earlier proposed, further down the coast. To contain the water in the pools the bathing bridges will be attached to heavy concrete foundations that are mounted into seabed underneath.

By introducing the two pools, I hope to create an attractive, recreational space for the public to enjoy, allowing them to enjoy the feeling of swimming in the oceans while avoiding the potential health risks of swimming in water with a less than optimal water quality.

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EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

THE NEUTRALIZER

Iben Tranberg, Unit 2/3 E

T H Eproject NEU T R on A Lthe I Zfuture E R of Faxe Kalkbrud. Previously q This focus Iben Tranberg, 2/3 E reveals a new biotope in a 63 mio research at FaxeUnit Kalkbrud rare species of plants of animals. The quarry is also affected b This dissolves project focus on thewhich futureresults of FaxeinKalkbrud.

Previously rain limestone alkaline lakes.

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The quarry is alsoThe affected contaning dissolved limestone to alkaline crystals. crystab rain dissolvesorlimestone which in alkaline lakes.

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The Neutralizer

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pH Affects Alkalineof the NeutralizerAcid The neutralizer equalize the pH level between the alkaline lakes Affects of the Neutralizer and the acidic environment to The neutralizer equalize pH neutral.

The changed pHthe level levelbenefit between thefarming alkalinebut lakes will local also and the environment to affect theacidic polluted atmosphere. neutral. The changed pH level will benefit local farming but also affect the polluted atmosphere.

This research has been focused on how sites of extraction is affected by pollution.

Observations of dust storms in the Californian dessert is considered disruptive. Particular the Solar Star power plant placed has been affected by the dust storms. The dust is soiling the solar panels which can cause 1-6% loss in production. The dust storms has increased over the last decade due to rising ocean temperatures affecting the climate. The rising temperatures is caused by climate changes.

From California to Faxe Kalkbrud. Often quarries have been perceived as scars in the landscape but research reveals a new biotope in the quarry with rare species of plants. The 63 mio old layer in the quarry has been revived. Researching about elements affecting the site, ph-level test from the he lakes of the quarry indicates a basic environment in the lakes. The basic environment is caused by acidic rain dissolving the limestone. The

water in the quarry is considered wastewater and pumped out in sea. Acid rain occurs when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are emitted into the atmosphere and transported by wind and air currents. The sulfur dioxide and nitrogen react with water, oxygen and other chemicals to form sulfuric and nitric acids. These then mix with water and other materials before falling to the ground. Acid rain is a result of pollution.

This sector mainly consist of forrest and farmland. The farmers in the sector uses limestone to neutralize their farmland. Researching the sector looking at the ph-level I found acidic and basic components. Site specific the ph-levels i observed has no contact or relationship to each other which is very interesting when the farmers is in need of basic elements to neutralize the sector. This research lead me to the intervention of a Neutralizer. The intervention is implemented on the edge of the quarry and connected to the water of the quarry with strings. These strings absorb

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Iben Tranberg-Jensen

Faxe Kalkbrud

quarries have been percieved as scars in the landscape but now years old layer. This layer has been revived and is now habitat for by acidic rain caused by human and nautral pollution. The acidic y the water is considered waste material and pumped out in the sea. the the neutralizer. The neutralizer transforms the wastewater als is blown by the wind and is again dissolved usefully in the ment.

New map 1:5000

Habitation Limestone the basic water and dries the wastewater into basic crystals. The device can then be elevated and and the crystals is blown out in the atmosphere where they once again can be dissolved but in an acidic environment. This results in the acidic rain being neutralized by the affect of the infrastructural intervention. The neutralizer will also affect the nearby area which will be contaminated by the crystals. The waste of extraction is reused for extraction to prevent pollution. The neutralizer has the purpose to equalize the basic- and acidic environment present in the sector.

Map 1:5000

Water Forrest Crops

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BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Carbon Reduction

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Face Kalkrduds production can be divided into ten phases: mining the limestone, preparation prior to the crusher, transportation on the quarry, the drying, crushing, conveying, transport to the factory, calcination, distribution, and consumer usage

The next step is supplying Faxe with renewable energy. This is done by placing a wind farm on an elevated area just east for the quarry. The wind turbines are relatively small, about 37 meters high. The park, consisting of 20 turbines, can distribute about 12 percent of Faxeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s electricity usage.

Looking into what could be done in each of them to reduce the carbon footprint is what lead to the five engagements done to Faxe Kalkbrud and the surrounding area.

The next step is a conveyor, connecting the quarry to the factory using gravity to transport the limestone down to the calcinator with a 3 degree slope on the conveyor.

The first step is improving the drying process. By improving this, big savings can be made on the main fuel consumer which is the calcinator. The way this is done is by adding a shelter for the drying piles. The shelters are mobile to ensure that theyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re always a step on the way in the process and not a detour, they are open so that excavators can access the drying piles, and the roof is easily converted making the piles available and drying more efficient in sunlight.

A biological Carbon capture has been attached to the factory. This installation reminds a lot about the device, AlgaeGreenhouse, from phase 2 and works pretty much the same way, only that this will have a highly increased production of biomass due to the concentration of carbon pumped into the water. The biomass will be used to make biofuel. The installation can capture over 80% of the CO2 emitted by the factory.

The last project also the one looking furthest into the future is an algae

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Isak Dysthe Sønderland

Faxe Kalkbrud

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1:12000 plantation. The plantation grows micro algae for biofuel like the carbon capture just on a larger scale, and it works about the same way as-well.

Optimal conditions for growing micro algae is hot and sunny. Therefore a greenhouse is added to it. A small wind turbine produces the energy needed for the whole process. Everything from ensuring optimal growing conditions to the harvest of biomass is meant to be almost automatic and self driven.

This could work in many different ways, but the Idea here is that the plantation is mobile. A company leases them out for free to f.eks a farmer who has it on their land and does the little maintenance needed. The farmer will then sell the biomass produced to the same company that leases them out, which also makes biofuel out of it. This way the plantation is flexible f.eks in terms of where the city moves, it causes minimal risk in loss of investments for both parts, it will not causes farmers to sell their land and

CARBON REDUCTION Fa x e K a l k b r u d s e c t o r 1 7

profit will go to the people already living there.

With the latest results in algae farming a plantation this size can produce I s a k D y s t h1e: 1 2 S 0ø 0n0d e r l a n d 10 million liters of biofuel. By changing that out with fossil fuel you will CARBON REDUCTION make the whole town of Faxe carbon neutral.

Fa x e K a l k b r u d s e c t o r 1 7

Isak Dysthe Sønderland

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Experience the Sector

The excavation of limestone in Faxe Kalkbrud has resulted in the expansion of the quarry through time. However, the quarry has been consistent in not crossing the road to the south and therefore it is predicted that it will no longer expand in that direction.

Since 1972 the city of Faxe has gradually expanded into sector 18. This project predicts that the area of habitation will keep on expanding east within the fields.

Faxe Kalkbrud is a very unique place but unfortunately there is now no way of getting into the quarry from the south side where the area of habitation will be located in the future. The inhabitants of the area have no real contact with the rest of the landscape in the sector either.

Sector 18

The project â&#x20AC;&#x153;experience the sectorâ&#x20AC;? will address these two problems and provide a proposition that allows the inhabitants of Faxe to get a real feel of the area they live in and the nature they are surrounded by. This is done

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with a path that cuts through the landscape as a section, providing people with different experiences that clarify which part of the landscape they are passing through.

The path is made to be experienced by foot, because too many impressions can be lost, if you move to fast. Taking a walk with another person has a great richness to it, because the discussion of the landscape with another person will give a far greater and more nuanced experience. Therefore the path is made wide enough for two people but also so narrow that both still have a feeling of being close enough to the sides to connect with the landscape.

Throughout the sector the path encounters four different scenarios: the slope of the quarry, the roads, the area of habitation and the fields. The path has a specific design connected to each of the scenarios.

I.The path in the slope of the quarry starts with a stair cut 1,2 meters into

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Janne Nørreskov Burhardt

Faxe Kalkbrud

the slope to allow people to feel the surface of the slope as they go down into the quarry. Midway, there is a platform shaped after the slope that provides people with a view of the quarry and a break from the steep stairs. Then a staircase continues down to the quarry.

II.The roads are crossed with bridges that allow people to always be able to get to the other side without having to take care with the traffic but still provide the visual opportunity to experience the traffic underneath them.

III.The area of habitation is the entrance to the path. It is marked with a 0,3 meter high railing that makes it possible to cross by foot but also clearly indicate that the path is only meant for walking.

IV.The path is cut down 1,5 meters into the fields to bring the surface in eyelevel. This provides a different perspective from what you will normally experience when you pass through a field.

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Sonic Wall

In this semester my research has been focused on various material and immaterial aspects of labour from extraction influencing human labour conditions to spatial situations of mechanized labour, all the way to researching sounds of labour. My initial investigations focused on a coal mine in Australia, trying to understand the flow of coal on different scales.

Australia is the biggest coal exporter in the world, which means that the economy follows the fluctuating global demands. Now, recent decline in consumption from fx China is having local implications for the workers in Australia, which I have taken a look at in my individual flow research, focusing on how economical issues materialize in this mining area. Moving

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tactics of disturbance sonic mapping of faxe kalkbrud and its vicinity 1:12000 johan klejs unit 2/3E arkitektskolen aarhus forest open ďŹ eld limestone quarry public buildings noisy roads low noise roads noise pattern from sowing, harvest and plowing denser population area

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

on to something quite different was our catalogue of spatial situations in the port of Newcastle, the last stop on land for the coal, which is a highly mechanized process area. In the drawings of the rail-loading and shiploading facilities we sought to show the movements and change in the labour.

Continuing the process with this notion of materialization, I went on to study the sonic aspects of extractive labour. At Faxe limestone quarry I did a field recording study to capture all the various sounds of the mining landscape and turn them into a map. I went there with a dynamic microphone recording the wind, the water, the labour machines, etc. When I got home I made a sound map of the Aarhus harbour and its associated industry. When I did that I came across these giant grain silos spewing out tons of feed into the trucks. Meanwhile the truck driver was just standing there looking at it. Each step of the process there is highly mechanized just like at Faxe or at the coal terminal wharf. I wanted to bring the feeling of the materials back into the hands of the workers, alongside my experimenta-

Johan Neve Klejs

Faxe Kalkbrud

tion with the sound properties of the onsite materials. I created this tool out of found materials from the harbour to be exhibited at O space. Surveying the effects of this instrument I captured the movements related to sound, emphasizing the connection between object and hand.

Phase three led us back to the limestone quarry, offering me new opportunities to work with representations of this immaterial flow of sound. If it werenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t for the sounds of labour that float over this steep incline of the quarry edge, the historical and present connections between this ecosystems of quarry and urban sourrounds would not be as strong as they are.

My interference seeks to emphasize the diversity of sound from the quarry and the bodily position in the edge between the landscape elements. The design establishes a sonic wall, which allows an analog amplified sound experience whilst at the same time blocking out too much noise. As the quarry expands, the wall will be relocated, which forces me to use materials that are locally available, such as earth and limestone from the quarry.

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EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

City of Strains

City of Strains is an attempt to link knowledge gained from working with an asbestos mine in Balangero in Italy, a study trip to Faxe Kalkbrud, and the production of a tool and turn it into an infrastructure in an assigned sector in Faxe.

Infrastructure is in this case derived from the definition: â&#x20AC;&#x153;The underlying foundation or basic frameworkâ&#x20AC;?

Since the city of Faxe has existed as long as the quarry has been operating, extraction is understood as the foundation for the city. Faxe is surrounded by agriculture, which is another extractive activity, and this has inspired the design strategy about how to enhance a city of extraction.

In Balangero the extraction has caused an uninhabitable area polluted with asbestos dust. Remediation is in the planning to create a recreational area that is again habitable. In Faxe the situation is opposite, because the quarry is not causing environmental or health problems, but it is instead being opened up for the citizens. The city has the potential to get a unique

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identity with an operating mine in close proximity to the city center that could turn the quarry into an anthropocene nature park. To underline the presence of the quarry could unfold a narrative for the area.

Today the quarry is still a backside of the city, which the research from the study trip attempted to reveal. With walking as a method of operating, the anchoring between city and quarry was studied. The city and quarry are linked together but the quarry is not easily accessible. The same approach with walking was used throughout the whole sector and thereby trying to detect qualities in the area. Agricultural areas dominate the sector, and within close proximity are a castle, a watermill, a reuse-station, and a neighborhood of single-family houses. This was done to understand the context and becoming aware about what to preserve and what to amplify.

The research centered about earlier development and looked at the past to be able to give a proposal for the future.

The expansion of a neighborhood of single-family houses with no con-

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Johanne Brøgger

Faxe Kalkbrud

nection to either the extraction in the quarry or the extraction from the agriculture is what the new infrastructure tries to amend. Extraction is the process of removing something, especially by force, and this could enhance the extractive identity if even the way of inhabiting the area was related to this activity.

The thought behind the infrastructure is to meet the demand of an expanding quarry, and at the same time allow the population growth in Faxe by engaging with the context. The way to inhabit the area should be a respond to the site of extraction by connecting with both the quarry and the agriculture. The cluster of single-family houses is therefore being extracted when the quarry is expanding, and the houses are being relocated along the streets radiating out from the quarry. The organization of the city origins in the quarry, and inspired by the meaning of Faxe in old Norse is “horse mane”, the new infrastructure would be a city of strains, that is vision about creating an agriculture-urban city.

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EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Archive of preserved memories

Archive of preserved memories In my first face I investigated the mine of Chuquicamata and how the company that owns it relocated the whole city next to it to get more space for the extraction waste. The miners and families that lived here moved to the city Calama 17 kilometers away and there was almost like a cultural shock, because of the new environment. They were a strong community and they all gathered for a final goodbye to their old home, the past and their childhood neighborhood. The relocation was understandable and for the greater good, but their past was gone forever.

In my last phase I have been focusing on the expanding mine, specifically in the northern and southern part of Faxe kalkbrud because thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s where we were told the the focus will be in the near future. In these areas there are a several farms, houses and facilities that are facing the same consequences that the town of chuquicamata was. A relocation. But moving a town is not a simple task and people have big attachments to their old

homes and probably lived there with their families for a long time. So I wanted to preserve the memories and structures that these people own.

My intervention starts of by extracting the soil, rocks, trees and everything else meaningful that these properties consist of. Moving them on a platform that will stand on a structure that will be floating above the mine.

But this structure will have the function as a railway. These properties will move their way down to my site where space have been divided between the existing farms and the newcomers in a way that everyone will own their own piece of land. The Moving properties will make the extraction of the new quarry easier and when itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s deep enough the homes can safely move back to their old habitat. When these homes, schools, facilities and farms are located in my site they represents an archive of preserved memories that we donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t want to lose that later will be shown in town and will be praised as something that did not get lost. This railway system will also have a walkway underneath that also can be used for cyclists. This also

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Open areas without housing

City of Strains (Johannes intervention)

Areas preserved for farmers

Railway structure

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Karl Henrik Kobbeltvedt

Faxe Kalkbrud

benefits the town of Faxe and is also a sufficient way of crossing the mine.

The concept of a mobile society that is preserving something valuable for people and live in symbiosis with the mine can be looked upon as an archetype or prototype model that is not only used in Faxe but also f. ex Chuquicamata. Unfortunately that is too late but maybe in the future this could save a lot of homes and valuable heirlooms.

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EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Sector 21

My Story begins in Faxe a hundred years into the future, in year 2117.

The value of limestone exceeds the value of the housing market, and since the premium quality limestone is locked in the underground beneath the houses, a bidding war starts between the big limestone mining corporations, for the exiting estates.

A small group of residents living in sector 21, the south-west part of Faxe, band together forming a small group of new home-miners, refusing to sell their house or land to the corporations, as it would be more lucrative to overtake the mining themselves.

As they start mining away the ground from underneath the houses to uncover the valuable limestone, the ground starts disappearing under the houses, leaving their fundaments bare. The residents of sector 21 starts supporting their now rocking houses with stilts and poles forming a â&#x20AC;&#x153;floatingâ&#x20AC;? society on top of the mining site. Since the roads and pathways had also fallen into the abyss of the mine, this new way of living is desperately

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craving new infrastructure, so between each of the houses new elevated platforms are implemented, working as connection between the houses, but also as social structures and meeting sites. High above the houses an elevated walkway was stretching from a neighboring sector allowing the residents to move between sectors.

Being as Sector 21 no longer has an exiting infrastructure inviting other people in, they have to rely on their relationships to their surrounding area to supply them with everyday products and foods, therefore the town of Hovby, just outside sector 21, is gathering supplies from local and global farmers for the residents to pick up and distribute around.

To keep the mine clear trucks from the neighbor sector is coming to pick up the excess limestone, that can be used for agriculture and housing.

The idea of this dystopian sector emerged from this semesters research in extraction sites. In phase 1 i was working with Fort McMurray in Canada,

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Katarina Bramsen Buhl

Faxe Kalkbrud

where I laid my focus on the 2016 wildfire starting just outside my site and spreading over 500.000 ha during the next 2 months, which had massive environmental, human and economical cost.

As I moved on to phase 2 in Faxe kalkbrud, I mapped the different stages limestone goes through in a mining site, and I discovered that I could make an equation with time/destruction fitting both phase 1 and 2. But in all this destruction I was still able to find life, discovered that nature would always reclaim itself, even if humans wouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t.

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SECTOR 21

SCALE 1:12000

SCALE 1:12000

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Urban agriculture

In this phase I started to investigate what was on my section.

In my section I have a part of Faxe Chalkbrood, Faxe city, fields and the village of Kongsted. One of the special things at Faxe is that both the city and the quarry are expanding. By exploring the landscape, I have found that the quarry, the city, and the agriculture are separated from each other.

Instead of the quarry taking more land from the city and the city from the fields, I have made a new structure where the agriculture and the city are brought together in a single unit.

The main reason for the new structure is the belief that the city’s citizens can get a natural experience out of living in relation to the agriculture. To enable this, I have made a new infrastructure in the form of a new road through the fields connecting to the existing road network in the city. This way, I can transport the houses from the city into the countryside. I have removed the road that goes between the city and the quarry, as I want to make it more accessible. Furthermore, I put an end to the extraction of

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lime in the quarry as I want the people of Faxe to see the landscape in a new way – as an old coral reef.

In my diagrammatic sectional map, I worked with two different typologies.

The first type is the small black squares, which symbolize the living with the agriculture. The elongated black squares represent the production, where the people extract limestone under the ground with the new roads, transporting the lime to the consumer. In my two section cuts, I show the cooperation with my two neighbors. The first section shows the relationship between the houses and the fields. In addition, my neighbor’s rows of trees are drawn in, which transport calcareous water through its roots from the extractive areas. The minerals I use for the benefit of the fields.

In the second section, I show one of my production houses, where my neighbor extracts lime underground.

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Kristina Worm

Faxe Kalkbrud

229

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Aquatic Subway

With the knowledge from previous research on water and its function at the sites of extraction (The Dead Sea and Faxe Limestone Quarry), my investigations on the water cycle and the spacial experience of water in the atmosphere I wanted to formulate a concept of water distrubution in my sector (24) and take care of the â&#x20AC;&#x153;wasteâ&#x20AC;? water pumped out from the quarry without risking future complications as those today seen in the Jordan River Valley (drought, sinkholes, reduction in agricultural viability).

With the current situation at Faxe and the water being pumped out in the Baltic Sea, not taken care in addition with expanding extraction plans and the predicitions on climate changes with an increase in percipitation I went on investigating the different narratives of the landscape surrounding the sector. There was a clear connection between the forest, clusters of trees and the groundwater but no connection with the site of extraction and the source of water.

Due to pumping of groundwater in these woods, the trees grew their roots

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deeper and deeper without any sucess of finding water and later dying as a consequence. Deforestation is a serious contribution to climate change and wanting to embed that factor in my infrastructure to prevent future flooding I wanted to get to know more about trees role in the water cycle. The book that later became the research fountadtion of my infrastructure, The Secret Life Of Trees written by Peter Wohlleben, put focus on the trees role in the ecosystem in terms of distrubution and use of water and among this I got interested in how trees form a community where they communicate through the roots, play a significant role in the circulation of water through transpiration, photosynthesis. The treecrown also protects the soil from dissolving during heavy percipitation.

I started to see the trees as breathing machines, inhaling and exhaling, pumping up water from the groundwater resources through capillary force and transspiration. And by using these qualities my concept is to create a structure to bridge the gap between the supply of water in The Extraction

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Linn Frida Johansson

Faxe Kalkbrud

and the demand in The Urban and The Rural. Not only distributing the water but also stabilizing the climate through a natural line of relocation of the excess water and a contribution to the society to come closer and observe the ciruculation of water in a smaller scale than the large scale that creates our atmosphere.

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EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

A new path

I was assigned with sector 25, in P#03. I started out trying to get an overview of the site, reflecting over the P#01, with gather information about Chiquicamata and the copper extraction pit. Getting to know the sector by mapping out the different parts, and dividing it up into Rønnede town agriculture - Faxe town and Faxe Kalkbrudd.

The four different zones had to similar boundaries, and one in contrast.

From Rønnede town to Faxe town, it had a faded transitions, having open spaces for residential housing, as well as farms. While the last between Faxe town and Faxe Kalkbrudd, almost had this wall between each other.

Unable to see, and feel the Kalkbrud was integrated in the town.

Researching Faxe county homepage, it stated the town wanted the limestone quarry to open up, and be an tourist attraction. A part of the town, getting more movement in the city and the quarry. Investigating maps and reflections of own experience in the P#02 field trip, I did not see this hap-

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pening. It was therefore clear, the path down to the quarry, lying in sector 25, need improvements.

The new path is supposed to be an attraction for it self, creating a place between the town and the quarry. To open up, and connecting the two.

Inspiration and research from “Røverstien” in Norway, and the material investigations of P#02 and the field trip, the path was to claim territories in the elevations down to the quarry, like P#00. Different territories with different possibilities.

Working with the material of the rocks, creating different types of stairs within the material. Bringing more of the light material, up in the path.

Different open spaces, with the negative space created from the crowns under the trees, with opportunity for play in an open space.

There is also introduced the quarry early on of the path, creating a connection right a head. By brining the people to see the view, from a high

faxe town

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Markus Husby

Faxe Kalkbrud

perspective, walking down a steep stair made from the rocks. Then with the ability to sit on the rocks, inside of the landscape and catching up your breath.

The body will then connect to the landscape in different ways, by feeling safe in an open but closed off space, unsafe in a big slope, or surprised by the breathtaking view suddenly appearing.

Sector 24 is also included in sector 25, by the mother tree connected in the pathway. Combining the sectors and including more attractions of the path.

The model made in this phase is a close up in 1:50, to show the deep elevation and the human body in the landscape. It has taken inspiration from Diller Scofidio and the Slow House, to connect the view in a steel wire.

argiculture

rønnede town

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EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Untitled

I started working with a rock salt mine in Sicily Petralia Soprana. There are three different ways of extracting salt. Solar salt; which is seawater contained in pools where the sun vaporizes the water and salt crystals is extracted. Vacuum salt; seawater is kept in silos and put under compression the water will crystalize. Rock salt is formed 6 billons years ago and is a part of the landscape in Sicily. When extracting rock salt everything is happing underground. From extracting to packaging the first time the salt sees the daylight is when it is distributed to the costumers. Furthermore, in this method of extracting, the excavators have a system and relation.

Each excavator has their task. Drilling, carving, basting, drilling, mocking, reinforcing, scaling, repeating this is the circulation of the excavators.

Controlling the excavators became my interest. I analyzed the movements of the drivers maneuvering the excavators. The movements were static robotic, I made a device that mimic the human movements to do the same to show the simplicity of the movements out of context.

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Salt Shed Spring Street is a shed housing rock salt used for the roads during winter period. The structure is formed with angels of 320 which simulates the same structure of a salt crystals. This will be a reminder for the citizens of purpose of the building. The Shed collects water on the roof that are contained in silos, the water is used for cleaning the building and the excavators are used of storing the salt.

The city of Faxe is a city of contrasts in the landscape. The underground contains limestone and water. There are various underground pools.

Some are protected, others are drained or polluted. To maintain the water balance, I developed a system that ensures this balance. Faxe Kalkbrud pumps up 700.000m3 of water into Faxe Ă&#x2026; every year. Instead of pumping all the water away I came up with the idea of using the water, by pumping it up from the quarry and filter it. Analyzing the site and its contents I found out that the main characters where the farmers, the city, the quarry,

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Martin Dannesboe Singh

Faxe Kalkbrud

the forest and Unibrew a beer factory. The main consumers of water are Faxe city (300.000m3 of water a year), Unibrew (800.000 m3 a year). The farmers have too much water under the fields and not enough calcium in the soil. The water under the forest is getting drained, the water under the city is polluted and the quarry pumps water away. This waste of water that could not be consumed by people in its polluted form would harm the environment and would go to waste. By filtering and using the water the quarry pumps away, the city could be independent and not pollute, Unibrew could use it for half of their production and the farmers could use the extracted calcium for the fields. A new system of wells and pipes is installed under my sector to control the water and where it is pumped from.

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EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

New Atlantis

New Atlantis - A moveable city

This investigation started with me remembering this amazing landscape that emerged from the human extraction of limestone in the quarry. I decided to analyze the topography, and landscape of my area to make a drawing and model that showcase what kind of landscape i could uncover.

With that in mind, I wanted to create a society that sheltered people of Faxe when time came to expand the extraction under the city to the west.

This society had to be able to adapt to the changes of the quarry and human desire. So I decided to use the 700.000 L of waste water pr year from the mine, to imitate and create a landscape with the same qualities of nature as in the quarry. This water should now be embedded, without destroying to much of the existing environment, which is why most of the forest still exist, and earth is only moved, not removed to create this enclosed infrastructure of water.

Habitational space

Faxe quarry - 700.000 L of water pumped pr year

Well

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The water makes it possible to establish a different and more dynamic environment, that within its own domestic borders are able to move and adapt to different networks. These networks are created with inspiration from Nakagin Capsule tower that already in the 60â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s had the idea to create a building with changeable components to accommodate the modern society and its residents. This society is now a part of much larger water network that is interconnected all over the globe. So if the city were one day to fade away due to the lack of labor, the society and its residents are able to move their homes to a new destination, and the city of Faxe will like Atlantis only be a story of a society that oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s existed there.

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DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Mike Lyngsø

Faxe Kalkbrud

Rainwater

97500 m3

897,170m3

Total Amount of water 4.915,795m3

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Stream connection to the sea - A path on wich we can move a city - A transportation system to a larger network

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1:1000

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

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DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Pia Schneider

will be through a virtual dot matrix laid out on all the agricultural areas, where every dot is covered by a crop. By receiving an order these drones will be able to navigate to dots, where the ordered crops are reap and available. The reaped goods will then be delivered to the respective customer, who will pay after receiving the delivery. The payment will still go to the farmers owning the land where the crops where reaped. Although the properties still exist, they will be no longer visible, because the crops will grow where they want to grow and only there where they have their best conditions. So farmers no longer have to seed out large fields in order to be economically efficient.

As a result, the landscape will transform to its origins, before humans started to cultivate for economical benefits. There will be a continuous network of field, planted with a diversity of crops. Where they grow depends on the soil condition and season. Watercourses and lakes, which had been removed by human and seen as an impediment, will appear again on the fields and water them naturally. The neighbouring sectors will conduce to rehabilitate watercourses and lakes by flooding the area.

Regarding the society, the implementation of this new system will affect us in awaking the consciousness about local food and seasonal availability.

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The area is marked by man-made agricultural tracks resulted from shuttling up and down the fields, durably carved into the surface. Forest areas are distinctly separated not only through their appearance but also through the network of tracks of the water. One could regard those phenomenons as representatives of two systems of infrastructure. On the one hand the natural system in its continuous network that regulates itself and on the other hand the man- made or managed system represented by the agriculture which functions in isolated areas, marked through repetitive and linear movement.

Coming from this observation, one could see future potentials in transcribing the natural system in an technological way, rather than having two simultaneous existing system working against each other.

The aim of this intervention was to dissolve isolated agricultural fields and changing the concept of managed agriculture towards a sustainable and reciprocal one.

Inspired by a swarm of bees, their capabilities and organisation, drones will assume the job of agricultural machines and replace the current form of agriculture. They will be able to navigate, to communicate, to collect crops and to deliver them to the end- users.

Based on a common memory as an interconnection point, located by the farmer, orders will be directly received from the end- user. The navigation

Faxe Kalkbrud

EXTRACTION - Global affects and local negotiations

BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

An attempt to patch Denmarks biggest hole - With the aim of understanding

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n

Plan 1:12.000

Cutting up a system and sowing it togeather, for it to sustain itself.

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

â&#x20AC;&#x153;The role of humans in the environment is to understand how it functions, and to promote its continued functioning.â&#x20AC;? - Gilles ClĂŠment Faxe Kalkbrud - Denmarks biggest manmade hole. An ever growing monster. Raw, color faded landscape with saturated lakes, like an inverted moon in a patchwork of fields.

An open quarry, access allowed. An increasing amount of 700.000 m3 of water pumped into the ocean every year - all in order for the monster to grow. A constant fight against nature.

With the aim of understanding, the study suggests a series of small scale quarrys in proximity to the urban surrounding.

As a translation of previous phases the proposal is destructive - cutting the landscape in pieces, burning holes here and there - yet an attempt to use the pieces as an opportunity to patch the greater hole, - to make the landscape whole again.

The proposal is based on a premises to work with nature and never against it.

A quarry is escavated until a level is reached where conditions are too wet to work. At that point, the quarry is abandoned and control given back to the inventive force of nature, a collaboration between two stubborn systems is established.

As an abandoned quarry fills up with water, a knowledge of groundwater is made visual to the surrounding. With proximity to the natural forces, greater respect for those is achieved.

A new quarry is cut out in a field next to a nature resort, close to a site of dwelling. For extraction of limestone to occur, a thick layer of soil is moved

Sigrun Perla Gisladottir

Faxe Kalkbrud

Faxe Kalkbrud / an honest attempt to patch denmarks biggest hole a series of small scale quarries with the aim of understanding

from its surface, matter is moved down into the big hole of Faxe. Quarry by quarry patching hole of the past, giving back land that was taken. The gesture of taking ownership over land is altered to a gesture of borrowing, a gesture of giving back.

The proposed system prepares the existing landscape for the challenges the future will face us with. Opposite of the purpose of 19th century waterholes, whose point was to collect water in case of droughts or fire, the abandoned sites of extraction will in coming centuries serve as tubs or basins, a string of open wounds ready to swallow the increasing count of raindrops falling from the sky.

The interacting ecosystem between the urban and the extraction is adjusted into a circulation, one that can sustain it self, one that gives back as it takes. Matter is moved locally within the site and forces of nature used as opportunities and never restrictions. The study is an attempt to patch Denmarks biggest hole and develops strategies for it to survive the future, in a union with its surrounding neighbours.

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Dust sustenation

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The project for the 30th sector, titled â&#x20AC;&#x153;Dust sustenationâ&#x20AC;?, was planned to be a system with the same inherently flimsy and unpredictable qualities as dust itself. The design spurred out of earlier studies of the black coal industry in Australia and how mining the black coal, especially using the blast technique, had the consequence of unleashing particles into the air in the region. Particles of a certain size could enter your lungs and cause health problems; this is dust as air pollution. In the following phases came a more phenomenological type of study, how dust could be understood or represented. It concluded in the making of a displaying or projecting device, that showed movement and behavior of dust as light. In designing the sector for the last assignment, I then went back to working with dust in a more tangible way. Working with such a large piece of land, the calculation of the spread of dust from the quarry would have to be the first step. You could then ask, why does the dust spread? And invent an answer, or a function that it would be implemented in. I thought that it could have a beneficial interaction with the fields, which covered most of the sector, and would have to be taken into account in one way of other. During our visit to the site, we had talked to a manager working at the quarry about the usage of limestone dust in agriculture. I started thinking about a system sustaining itself on this nutritional dust.

The dust would have to be caught or collected, stored, and a natural way of doing that would be to fuse it with water and create a pool with a high concentration of limestone, like the ones we had seen inside of the quarry. The system catches dust in the pool with sprays or fountains of water turning on when the dust blows in, then sends it from the pool into pipes underground. From the fields it is sprayed out again. How much limestone this pool has in its water is then the factor that decides the seasons of fields; sometimes there will only grow winter wheat, sometimes spring barley, and with the smallest concentration of limestone, just grasses. The instability of this system of growing is what makes it interesting; the control of it is outside of any hands, and only the appearance of dust makes it fruitful.

Several other things can be considered to help the system, as how much limestone one acre needs, which can determine the size of the fields, and what type of soil needs the largest or most frequent distribution of limestone, which is also mapped. The pool has been placed in the area where dust blows most frequently, and where the soil would need the most limestone. In this way, more dust can be distributed to the fields growing on more harsh soils.

One hectar = 600 - 1200 kilograms limestone dust a year

Underground water pipes

Finely grained sand-soil

1:5000

Humu

Thea Marie Hasselbalch, UNIT 2/3 E 2017/2018, Aarhus School of Arhitecture

Fine clay sand-soil Clay soil

us earth

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Thea Marie Hasselbalch

Faxe Kalkbrud

Limestone dust providing nourishment for crops in an agricultural infrastructure, becoming the main condition that the ecosystem is built around.

Water is pumped up in the air in order to catch dust clouds drifting in, then sent into the fields

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Wind direction and power

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BA Unit 2+3E [TP3]

Defining Industry: The Limitations of Linguistics

The project is an attempt at investigating the defining linguistical structure of what we see as a home and what we see as industry. The landscape of Faxe is largely dominated by interweaving agriculture and the farm houses associated with the fields, but where does the field end and the home begin? We can easily come to agreement in the matter of agriculture being an industry, but how does the habitat play into this relation?

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The other image imagines a close quarters vertical field system. Like project housing, people are living in little boxes besides each other in a space productive manner. Each habitat have assigned fields for cultivation, and the freedom of movement is restricted to a minimum. The image depicts a future of factory like conditions, where home synonymous with work.

Imagining the home as a cog in the machinery of industry, as the consumer and instigator of production, the interventional zones investigate how a provocative disruption of the defining borders between home and industry can exist as a platform of potential.

This whole investigation is based on how linguistics, more specifically the philosophy of linguistics can have an effect on how we perceive and produce architecture in our present times. Language functions as a logical platform for communicating a description between two or more entities, and these descriptions are rather important for how we construct the society we exist in.

One image imagines the field transformed into an open grid system of soil fields. The inhabitants exist freely as nomadic agents, cultivating and settling however they please. The industry of living becomes entangled with the industry of production, and the borders between work and leisure are obscured to a point where it can discussed if they actually exist.

This platform does not just exist within the way we produce guttural sounds to eachother. It exists as a total underlying system, of how we view our world.

Zone 32

Negotiation zone

DISCRETE SIGNALS - Detecting Ambiguous Territories and Bodily Actions

Thorbjørn Riis Hammel

Faxe Kalkbrud

245 SECTOR 31 1:12000

DEFINING INDUSTRY THE LIMITATIONS OF LINGUISTICS

Unit 2+3E Fall 2017/18 Extraction, Global Affects and Local Negotiations

The publication has been designed and edited by students and tutors of Teaching Programme 3’s Unit 2+3E Book Editors: Fabio Gigone - Research Assistant, M.Arch Affiliation, Teaching Programme 3 Sustainability Angus James Hardwick - Temporary Lecturer, M.Arch Editors for Chapter 1 Vetle T. Eng, Carl Justus Fuchs, Sigrún Perla Gísladóttir, Thorbjørn R. Hammel, Linn Frida Johansson, Pia Schneider

1st edition / 37 prints Printed at the Aarhus School of Architecture Bound by Lars Hedegaard Bogbinderiet January 2017 Unless otherwise stated, material shown in the publication has been created by individuals connected to Unit 2+3E. In case of not obtaining rights, please contact Unit 2+3E. The editors asserts no copyright over any of the individual works and the authors retain their copyright over their individual works.

Layout and design: Fabio Gigone Proof reading: Angus James Hardwick All names included in the publication have been arranged alphabetically according to first name.

Paper: The publication is printed on cyklus offset 100gr Type: The publication is set in Univers

Aarhus School of Architecture Nørreport 20 8000 Aarhus C Denmark a@aarch.dk aarch.dk ISBN 978-87-970400-0-3

Special thanks to the following people for their support, contributions and participation in studio events:

Eva Rosborg Aagaard Niels Albertsen Nacho Ruiz Allen Bikendi Cadelo Claudia Carbone Polina Chebotareva Carolina Dayer Juliana Engberg Jonathan Foote Angela Gigliotti Rikke Juul Gram Rasmus Grønbæk Hansen Mikhail Karikis

Per Smidt Kristensen Faxe Kulkbrud C.J. Lim Thomas Mee Torben Nielsen Tine Nørgaard Mathias Ørum Nørgård Claus Peder Pedersen Aalborg Portland Tyler Shaw Glatved Deposit Site Chris Thurlbourne Aarhus 2017

EXTRACTION | FALL 2017-18 | UNIT 2+3E | SEMESTER BOOK | AARHUS SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE