EXHIBITION Looking back at Hipercor, 30 years after the bomb attack by Ars Satellit

EXHIBITION

LOOKING BACK AT HIPERCOR, 30 YEARS AFTER THE BOMB ATTACK

Archive of the Crown of Aragon From June 19 until September 24, 2017

CATÁLOGOS DEL CENTRO MEMORIAL DE LAS VÍCTIMAS DEL TERRORISMO, Nº 1. Vitoria-Gasteiz, 2017 ISBN 978-84-697-4895-4

7 884697 489545

EDITOR Centro Memorial de las Víctimas del Terrorismo Director: Florencio Domínguez Iribarren Responsable de Exposiciones: Raúl López Romo www.memorialvt.com ACVOT. Associació Catalana de Víctimes d’Organitzacions Terroristes www.acvot.org _

Graphic Design © Ars Satèl·lit Photography VV.AA. © EFE Sources Hemeroteca Foral de Bizkaia Hemeroteca de la Universidad del País Vasco http://www.lavanguardia.com/hemeroteca http://hemeroteca.abc.es/ http://www.girona.cat/sgdap/cat/premsa.php

Organizers

Av Colaborators

LOOKING BACK AT HIPERCOR, 30 YEARS AFTER THE BOMB ATTACK

CATÁLOGOS DEL CENTRO MEMORIAL DE LAS VÍCTIMAS DEL TERRORISMO #1

1987-6-19

On Friday 19 June 1987, several members of the terrorist organisation ETA, Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (Basque Country and Freedom), parked a car bomb in the carpark of the Hipercor shopping centre on Meridiana Avenue, Barcelona. Their aim was to attack companies with French capital and they believed Hipercor was one such company. At about 16.08 the bomb exploded, killing 21 people and wounding another 45 customers and employees of the centre. It was the biggest massacre perpetrated by ETA in the course of its history, which includes over 800 murders. Thirty years have passed since the Hipercor bomb attack. This exhibition recalls those events by focusing on their consequences: the victims of terrorism, the social and political response to the crime, or the trial of those responsible for it. The exhibition consists of a visual tour using photographs from the EFE agency about this attack and others perpetrated by the same authors at that time. There is also a documentation space where different newspaper stories from that time can be consulted. In addition, an “In Memoriam” section recalls the 54 mortal victims of ETA in Catalonia. ETA wanted to impose its demand for an independent Basque Country by force. To that end it did not hesitate to spread terror to different parts of Spain. Today, ETA is inactive, largely thanks to the work of the police and the judiciary. But the consequences of the use of violence, above all visible in the victims, are irreversible. This exhibition is dedicated to them.

LOOKING BACK AT HIPERCOR, 30 YEARS AFTER THE BOMB ATTACK

IN MEMORIAM OVIDIO DÍAZ LÓPEZ

JUAN SALAS PÍRIZ

JUAN ANTONIO QUEROL QUERALT

31 years old, 1975/6/6, Barcelona

48 years old, 1991/5/29, Vic

37 years old, 1992/1/16, Barcelona

ÁNGEL GONZÁLEZ DEL POZO

MAUDILIA DUQUE DURÁN

ENRIQUE MARTÍNEZ HERNÁNDEZ

28 years old, 1986/10/14, Barcelona

78 years old, 1991/5/29, Vic

30 years old, 1992/3/19, Lliçà d’Amunt

ANTONIO GONZÁLEZ HERRERA

FRANCISCO CIPRIANO DÍAZ SÁNCHEZ

ANTONIO JOSÉ MARTOS MARTÍNEZ

17 years old, 1991/5/29, Vic

27 years old, 1992/3/19, Sant Quirze del Vallès

ANA CRISTINA PORRAS LÓPEZ

LEOPOLDO GARCÍA CAMPOS

10 years old, 1991/5/29, Vic

58 years old, 1994/2/7, Barcelona

MARÍA PILAR QUESADA ARAQUE

VICENTE BETI MONTESINOS

8 years old, 1991/5/29, Vic

43 years old, 1994/4/18, Barcelona

ROSA MARÍA ROSA MUÑOZ

JOSÉ LUIS RUIZ CASADO

14 years old, 1991/5/29, Vic

42 years old, 2000/9/21, Sant Adrià del Besòs

VANESSA RUIZ LARA

ERNEST LLUCH MARTÍN

11 years old, 1991/5/29, Vic

63 years old, 2000/11/21, Barcelona

FRANCISCO JAVIER DELGADO GONZÁLEZ-NAVARRO

45 years old, 2000/12/14, Terrassa

26 years old, 1987/3/27, Barcelona

JUAN FRUCTUOSO GÓMEZ 29 years old, 1987/4/2, Barcelona

RAMÓN DÍAZ GARCÍA 42 years old, 1990/12/8, Sabadell

JUAN JOSÉ ESCUDERO RUIZ 52 years old, 1990/12/8, Sabadell

JUAN GÓMEZ SALAR 36 years old, 1990/12/8, Sabadell

EDUARDO HIDALGO CARZO 43 years old, 1990/12/8, Sabadell

MIGUEL MARCOS MARTÍNEZ

27 years old, 1991/12/13, Barcelona

JOSÉ ÁNGEL GARRIDO MARTÍNEZ

JUAN MIGUEL GERVILLA VALLADOLID

28 years old, 1991/12/13, Barcelona

39 years old, 2000/12/20, Barcelona

ARTURO ANGUERA VALLÉS

SANTOS SANTAMARÍA AVENDAÑO

50 years old, 1992/1/8, Barcelona

32 years old, 2001/3/17, Roses

53 years old, 1990/12/8, Sabadell

FRANCISCO PÉREZ PÉREZ

FRANCISCO CANO CONSUEGRA

29 years old, 1990/12/8, Sabadell

JUAN CHINCOA ALÉS 31 years old, 1991/5/29, Vic

VIRGILIO MAS NAVARRO NURIA RIBÓ PARERA

31 years old, 1992/1/16, Barcelona

26 years old, 1991/5/29, Vic

LOOKING BACK AT HIPERCOR, 30 YEARS AFTER THE BOMB ATTACK IN MEMORIAM

MORTAL VICTIMS OF ETA IN CATALONIA

BARCELONA 1987/6/19 MORTAL VICTIMS OF THE HIPERCOR BOMB ATTACK

MILAGROS AMEZ FRANCO

MARÍA PAZ DIÉGUEZ FERNÁNDEZ

XAVIER VALLS BAUZÁ

43 years old

57 years old

40 years old

MARÍA ROSA VALLDELLOU MESTRE

MARÍA EMILIA EYRE DIÉGUEZ 44 years old

MERCEDES MANZANARES SERVITJÁ

57 years old

30 years old

MATILDE MARTÍNEZ DOMÍNGUEZ MARÍA DEL CARMEN MÁRMOL CUBILLO

35 years old

36 years old

MERCEDES MORENO MORENO

9 years old

36 years old

SONIA CABRERIZO MÁRMOL 16 years old

JORDI VICENTE MANZANARES

SILVIA VICENTE MANZANARES 13 years old

CONSUELO ORTEGA PÉREZ 67 years old

SUSANA CABRERIZO MÁRMOL 13 years old

LUISA RAMÍREZ CALANDA 41 years old

FELIPE CAPARRÓS UBIERNA 44 years old

LUIS ENRIQUE SALTÓ VIÑUALES 22 years old

MARÍA TERESA DAZA CECILIA 33 years old

BÁRBARA SERRET CERVANTES 32 years old

RAFAEL MORALES OCAÑA 33 years old

JOSÉ VALERO SÁNCHEZ 39 years old

LOOKING BACK AT HIPERCOR, 30 YEARS AFTER THE BOMB ATTACK IN MEMORIAM

1986-1987 ETA IN CATALONIA. THE MONTHS PRIOR TO THE HIPERCOR MASSACRE

LOOKING BACK AT HIPERCOR, 30 YEARS AFTER THE BOMB ATTACKâ&#x20AC;&#x192; 1986-1987

Domingo Troitiño Arranz, Josefa Ernaga Esnoz and Rafael Caride Simón were the members of the “Barcelona cell” of ETA. In the months prior to the Hipercor massacre they perpetrated several attacks that resulted in three mortal victims.

LOOKING BACK AT HIPERCOR, 30 YEARS AFTER THE BOMB ATTACK 1986-1987

1986/10/14 Car-bomb directed against the headquarters of the National Police at Belchite (Barcelona). The policeman Ángel González del Pozo was murdered and another thirteen people wounded.

LOOKING BACK AT HIPERCOR, 30 YEARS AFTER THE BOMB ATTACK 1986-1987

Front page of the newspaper La Vanguardia with a reference to the attack on the Belchite police headquarters: “The tears that hatred causes to flow”.

LOOKING BACK AT HIPERCOR, 30 YEARS AFTER THE BOMB ATTACK 1986-1987

1987/3/27 A van-bomb explodes next to the Civil Guard post in the port of Barcelona.

A group of firefighters tries to control the situation in the port of Barcelona, still enveloped in smoke, following the explosion of the van-bomb.

LOOKING BACK AT HIPERCOR, 30 YEARS AFTER THE BOMB ATTACK 1986-1987

L. E. Pérez de Rozas. © EFE, ref.: 934644

The guardsman Antonio González Herrera dies and another fifteen people are wounded.

L. E. Pérez de Rozas. © EFE, ref.: 1019848

1987/3/27

Remains of the van-bomb, carrying 45 kilos of amonal and 150 kilos of nuts and bolts.

LOOKING BACK AT HIPERCOR, 30 YEARS AFTER THE BOMB ATTACK 1986-1987

L. E. Pérez de Rozas. © EFE, ref.: 1019856

1987/3/27

Two shopkeepers cleaning the pavement of debris from their shop, one of several damaged by the explosion.

LOOKING BACK AT HIPERCOR, 30 YEARS AFTER THE BOMB ATTACK 1986-1987

Sergio Lainz. © EFE, ref.: 934648

1987/3/27

Coffin containing the remains of Antonio González Herrera. After the funeral, held in the courtyard of the Civil Government of Barcelona, the body was taken to the cemetery of Montjuic.

LOOKING BACK AT HIPERCOR, 30 YEARS AFTER THE BOMB ATTACK 1986-1987

L. E. Pérez de Rozas. EFE, ref.: 934649

1987/3/27

General view of the site of the attack at the España quay in the port of Barcelona.

LOOKING BACK AT HIPERCOR, 30 YEARS AFTER THE BOMB ATTACK 1986-1987

César Rangel. Archivo Municipal de Bilbao. © EFE

1987/3/27

The mayor of Barcelona, Pasqual Maragall, arriving at the site of the attack.

LOOKING BACK AT HIPERCOR, 30 YEARS AFTER THE BOMB ATTACK 1986-1987

1987/4/2 Another bomb explodes as a Civil Guard patrol drives past in Barcelona.

Remains of one of the cars affected by the explosion of the car-bomb in the Plaza de Fernando Reyes in Barcelona as a patrol car of the Civil Guard drove past.

LOOKING BACK AT HIPERCOR, 30 YEARS AFTER THE BOMB ATTACK 1986-1987

Sergio Lainz. © EFE, ref.: 1026702

Juan Fructuoso Gómez, who was walking through area on the way to visit his brother, loses his life.

Sergio Lainz.© EFE, ref.: 1026678

1987/4/2

A crowd observes the remains of the car-bomb that exploded in the Plaza de Fernando Reyes as a patrol car of the Civil Guard drove past, causing the death of Juan Fructuoso Gómez, aged 29 years, and wounding another seven people, including two civil guardsmen travelling in the patrol car.

LOOKING BACK AT HIPERCOR, 30 YEARS AFTER THE BOMB ATTACK 1986-1987

1987/6/12

ETA plants several bombs at the Enpetrol company, in the Tarragona petrochemical estate, causing extensive material damage.

LOOKING BACK AT HIPERCOR, 30 YEARS AFTER THE BOMB ATTACKâ&#x20AC;&#x192; 1986-1987

ÂŠ EFE, ref.: 624306

One week before the Hipercor attack, several explosive devices planted at the Enpetrol company, in the Tarragona petrochemical estate, cause extensive material damage.

Sergio Lainz.© EFE, ref.: 1026678

1987/6/12

The flames from the fire caused by the explosions at Enpetrol reach a height of 50 metres.

LOOKING BACK AT HIPERCOR, 30 YEARS AFTER THE BOMB ATTACK 1986-1987

HIPERCOR BOMB ATTACK AT THE SHOPPING CENTRE

LOOKING BACK AT HIPERCOR, 30 YEARS AFTER THE BOMB ATTACKâ&#x20AC;&#x192; Hipercor

1987/6/19 The explosion of a car bomb in the carpark of the Hipercor shopping centre on Meridiana Avenue, Barcelona, ends the lives of 21 people and wounds another 45 —customers and employees of the centre—. ETA terrorists placed a bomb, composed of 27 kilos of amonal and 200 litres of inflammable liquid, glue and soap flakes, in the boot of a Ford Sierra.