Ilungelo Lethu Lokuba Nezindlu Ezanele (2024)

Ilungelo Lethu Lokuba Nezindlu Ezanele

Incazelo elula yamalungelo ezindlu zezibonelelo ezanele kanye nezibonelo ezivela kubahlali bezindlu ezingahlelelekile behlangene kanye nezinhlangano ezisebenzisana nabo maphakathi nedolobha laseGoli.

Okuqukethwe

Liyini Ilungelo lezindlu ezanele? 3 - 11 1

Yiziphi izibopho zoHulumeni Kazwelonke kanye Nohulumeni Wasekhaya?

Iyiphi indima engadlalwa ngabahlali kanye nezinhlangano zabo ekuthuthukiseni Ilungelo Lezindlu Ezanele? 16 – 18 3

Ilungelo lezindlu ezanele (eyasungulwa yi-United Nations Declaration of Human Rights, 1948: Isigaba 25) sichaza kabanzi ngokuthi “ilungelo lokuhlala endaweni ethile ngokuphephile, nokuthula kanye nangesithunzi”.

Ubani okhiqize lo mhlahlandlela?

NgoMandulo 2023, i-ASF-UK kanye ne-1to1 - I-Agency of Engagement yahlela umhlangano wokufunda kontanga eGoli ukuze kuxoxwe ngelungelo lezindlu ezanele maphakathi nedolobha. Umhlangano wokucobelelana ngolwazi wenziwa ngokubambisana nethimba le-IIED’s Housing Justice futhi wawuyingxenye yohlelo oluqhubekayo lwe- Change by Design Johannesburg. Abahleli bomphakathi abavela ku-1to1, ICF (Inner City Forum), ICRC (Inner City Resource Centre) kanye neSERI (Socio-Economic Rights Institute) babamba iqhaza emhlanganweni wokucobelelana ngolwazi. Ngesikhathi somhlangano wokucobelelana ngolwazi, sacubungula incazelo yelungelo lezindlu ezanele futhi sabonisana ngezindlela zokuthuthukisa leli lungelo kubahlali abavela ezindlini ezingahlelekanga abahlala maphakathi nedolobha, kungaba emizini eyingahlelekanga noma ezakhiweni ezihlala abantu ngokungemthetho. Umhlangano wokucobelelana ngolwazi ube nomphumela walolu shicilelo oluhlanganisa amaphuzu abalulekile kanye nezincazelo ezivezwe ngesikhathi sezingxoxo.

Izibopho zikahulumeni kazwelonke kanye nohulumeni basekhaya ngokucaphunwe emakhasini 14-17 ngokuchazwe izinkonzo zezindlu nezisekelo ezikuka ngezansi: kungabe ohulumeni basekhaya nabezifundazwe balithuthukisa kanjani ilungelo lezindlu ezanele" ngokuhlelwa yi UCLG.

Noma imuphi umbhalo etholakala e‘bhokisini elinomthunzi’ icashunwe ku-‘The Right to Adequate Housing Fact Sheet No. 21/Rev.1’ yi-United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. Zonke ezinye izincazelo ziyizincazelo zalelilungelo.

Liyini ilungelo lezindlu ezanele?

Ngokwe-UN, izindlu ezanele kufanele zihlangabezane nalemigomo elandelayo. Ichaziwe kulesi sahluko.

1 – Ukuvikeleka kwesikhathi sokuhlala. Izindlu azanele uma abahlali bazo bengenalo izinga lokuvikeleka kwesikhathi sokuhlala eliqinisekisa ukuvikeleka okusemthethweni ekukhishweni ngendluzula, nokuhlukunyezwa kanye neziye izinsongo.

2 – Ukutholakala kwezinsiza, izinto zokwakha, izinsiza kanye nezingqalasizinda. Izindlu azanele uma abantu abahlala kuzo bengenawo amanzi okuphuza aphephile, ukuthuthwa kwendle ngokwanele, ugesi wokupheka, ukukwazi ukuzifudumeza, ukukhanyisa, indawo yokukugcina ukudla kanye nokulahlwa kwemfucuza

3 – Ukufinyeleleka. Ukuhlinzwekwa ngezindlu akwanele uma izindleko zokuhlala zisongela noma ziphazamisa abahlali ekujabuleleni kwamanye amalungelo abantu.

4 – Ukuhlala. Izindlu azanele uma zingaqinisekisi ukuphepha kwabahlali, noma indawo yokuhlala inganele, nokuvikeleka emakhazeni, nokuswakama, ekushiseni, emvuleni, nasemoyeni kungekho, nakwezinye izinsongo zezempilo kanye nezakhiwo.

5 – Ukufinyeleleka. Izindlu azanele uma izidingo zabantu ababencishwe amathuba noma ababebandlululiwe zinganakiwe.

6 – Indawo. Izindlu azanele uma ivalela ukutholakala kwamathuba emisebenzi, izinsizakalo zezempilo, izikole, izikhungo zokunakekela izingane kanye nezinye izikhungo zezenhlalakahle, noma uma zitholakala ezindaweni ezingcolile noma eziyingozi.

7 – Ukwanela kwamasiko. Izindlu azanele uma zingahloniphi futhi zicwasa ukuvezwa kanye nobunikazi bamasiko.

Ukuvikeleka kwesikhathi sokuhlala

Kusho ukuthini? Ukuba nendlu akukhona nje ukuba nendawo yokuhlala. Kusho futhi ukuthi kufanele ube nendawo yokuhlala lapho uvikelekile ekuxoshweni ngokungemthetho, ezinsongweni noma ekuhlukunyezweni nguhulumeni kanye nanoma yimuphi omunye umuntu.

Lokhu kusebenza kanjani kuthina?

• "Izinqubomgomo zethu zivikela izakhamuzi ekuxoshweni okungekho emthethweni, kodwa akusho ukuthi ziyasetshenziswa njalo njalo."

• "Abantu abahlala lapha bangase babe nezivumelwano zokuqasha, kodwa lezi zivumelwano zingase zingavumelani nomthetho."

• "Amakomidi nabaholi babahlali basezindlini ezingahlelelekile anjengezinhlangano zezepolitiki noma zezenkolo, bangaba nomthelela ezingeni lokuvikeleka ekukhishweni kwabantu ezindlini."

• "Ngokuvamile akucaci ukuthi uhulumeni wendawo angahlinzeka ngezindlu ezanele kubahlali."

• "Uma indawo noma isakhiwo sesikhethelwe ukuthuthukiswa, ukuvikeleka kwelungelo lokuhlala liyanda, futhi amathuba okuphoqeleka ukuba ushiye ayancipha."

• "Esikhundleni sokuthi umuntu ngamunye abe nendawo yakhe, singacabanga ngezindlela ezihlukene zokuba nendawo evikelekile yokuhlala, njengezivumelwano zokuqasha ezisemthethweni, ubunikazi obabiwe, noma ubunikazi bomphakathi."

Ngabe lokhu kusho

ukuthi wonke umuntu

unelungelo lokuba

nekhaya lakhe?

Cha, ilungelo lezindlu ezanele

ALIFANI nelungelo lendawo. Isivumelwano sokuqasha esivikelekile noma uhlelo lobunikazi obabiwe

bunganikeza 'indawo yokuhlala evikelekile' futhi.

Ukutholakala

kwezinsiza, izinto zokwakha, izinsiza kanye nengqalasizinda.

Kusho ukuthini? Izindlu ezanele zihlanganisa ukutholakala kwamanzi okuphuza aphephile, ukuthuthwa kwendle ngokwanele, ugesi wokupheka, ukukwazi ukuzifudumeza, ukukhanyisa, indawo yokukugcina ukudla kanye nokulahlwa kwemfucuza. Lokhu kusebenza kanjani kuthina?

Lokhu kusebenza kanjani kuthina?

• "Ezindaweni ezingahlelelekile, abantu bazakhela ezabo izinsiza njengezindlu zangasese kanye nenethiwekhi yamandla kagesi. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinsiza zingaba sengozini yokucekelwa phansi. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwazo, ngezinye izikhathi izikhulu zezokuphepha zomphakathi ziyabekwa ukuze ziqaphe futhi zivikele lezi zinsiza."

• Ngaphandle kwezinsiza ezanele, ukuxhumeka kwamandla kagesi okungaphephile kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamakhandlela kungase kubange ingozi yokuqubuka komlilo."

• 'Izindlu zangasese zingase zingabi sezindaweni eziphephile ezingasetshenziswa abesifazane nezingane ebusuku.

• "Izindawo zokulahla udoti kanye nokugaywa kabusha kwezinto ngokuvamile azanele ezindaweni ezingahlelelekile."

Ukubala kwethu kukhombisa isibalo sabantu abahlala lapha. Njengoba ubona, lezi zindlu zangasese zamakhemikhali azanele.

Ukufinyeleleka 1.3

Kusho ukuthini? Ukuhlinzwekwa ngezindlu akwanele uma zibiza kakhulu kangangokuthi zithinta amanye amalungelo abantu, isibonelo, ukufinyeleleka kokudla.

Lokhu kusebenza kanjani kuthina?

• "Amalungiselelo okuqasha kungenzeka asekhona ezakhiweni ezingahlelelekile, okusho ukuthi akuzona zonke izakhamuzi ezihlala ezakhiweni ezingahlelelekile ezihlala lapho mahhala. Amalungiselelo okuqasha angamba eqolo futhi izinqubomgomo azibonakali zibavikela labo baqashi."

• "Izakhiwo ezihlala abantu ngokungemthetho kanye nezindawo ezingahlelelekile zivamise ukuba kuphela kwezindlu ezifinyelelekayo enkabeni yedolobha kubantu abasebenzayo noma abanezinye izibopho eGoli."

• "Izindleko zokuthuthukisa izakhiwo ezihlala abantu ukuze zihlangabezane nemigomo yezindlu efanele zingaba phezulu."

• "Emabhilidini ahlala abantu, umholi noma ikomidi lingaqoqa izinkokhelo zokuzilungisa noma ukufakwa kwamasevisi.

Indlu eqashisayo. Ngangihlala lapho, kodwa irenti yakhuphuka yabiza kakhulu. Manje, ngixoxisana nabanye ngokuthi yini esingayenza ukuvikela ilungelo labaqashi lokutholakala kwezindlu ezanele ezindaweni ezingahlelelekile.

Ukuhlala 1.4

Lokhu kusebenza kanjani kuthina?

• "Izindlu eziningi ezingahlelelekile azihlangabezani nezidingo eziyisisekelo sokuhlala futhi zivame ukuba nezingozi eziningi, njengemililo, ukuntengantenga kwesakhiwo, nezikhukhula."

• "Ukuphepha kwabesifazane, izingane kanye nabantu abadala kuvame ukuba sengcupheni ezakhiweni ezingahlelelekile."

• "Amanzi angahlobile kanye nemfucuza kuvame ukuba yingozi ezakhiweni ezingahlelelekile."

• "Ukuntuleka kwendawo kuholela ekubeni ingabikho indawo eyimfihlo futhi kungabikho nendawo yokugcina ukudla, ikakhulukazi ezakhiweni ezihlala abantu abaningi futhi eziminyene maphathi nedolobha."

• "Labo abakhethiwe emphakathini ukuba baqaphe, banganikezela izinga eliphezulu lokuphepha futhi bahole nezinhlelo ezisungulwe futhi ziholwa umphakathi, njengalezo ezikhokhelwa i-SEF (Social Employment Fund)

Kusho ukuthini? Izindlu zidinga ukukugcina uphephile, zikunikeze indawo eyanele futhi zikuvikele emvuleni, emlilweni, emoyeni, ekushiseni, emswakameni, emakhazeni nakwezinye izinto ezisongela isakhiwo noma impilo yakho. Isinyathelo sokuqala sohlelo lwethu lokuthuthukisa izindawo zokuhlala, ukwenza imizila ecacile yokuphepha uma kunomlilo. Imizila iphakanyiswe yizakhamizi futhi yasetshenziswa wumkhandlu ukuze kuthuthukiswe izindawo zokuhlala.

Ukufinyeleleka 1.5

Kusho ukuthini? Izindlu kufanele zicabangele izidingo ezahlukahlukene zabantu abahlelelekile nababekhishwe inyumbazana, okuhlanganisa nabantu abakhubazekile, abadala, izingane, abesifazane, amaqembu amancane njalonjalo.

Lokhu kusebenza kanjani kuthina?

• “Endaweni engihlala kuyo, abantu abahamba ngezihlalo zabakhubazekile kanye nabantu abadala bakuthola kunzima ukusebenzisa izindlu zangasese ezihlinzekwa uhulumeni.”

• “Ngezinye izikhathi abesifazane bayaphoqeleka ukuba badayise ngoncansi ukuze bathole izindawo ezithile.”

• “Abantu abakhubazekile bangase bakuthole kunzima ukuphuma ngokuphepha uma kusha.”

• “Izindlela zokuhamba ngezinyawo kanye nemigwaqo ayifinyeleleki kubantu abanobunzima bokuhamba.”

• “Ilungelo labavela kwamanye amazwe lokuthola izindlu njengezakhamuzi livame ukunganakwa. Noma ngabe babhalisiwe ngokomthetho nona cha.”

Lokhu kusebenza kanjani kubantu bakwamanye mazwe?

Izakhamuzi zakwamanye amazwe zinelungelo elifanayo nalelo lezakhamuzi zakuleli lokuthola izimo zokuphila ezanele kanye nelungelo elilinganayo lokuthenga izindlu. Nokho, kungenzeka bangabi nelungelo lokuthola uxhaso lwezindlu olufanayo oluvela kuHulumeni olutholwa izakhamuzi zaseNingizimu Afrika ezilufanele.

Indawo 1.6

Kusho ukuthini? Izindlu kufanele zibe sendaweni efanele. Akufanele ikuvimbele amathuba omsebenzi, izinsiza zezempilo, izikole, izikhungo zokunakekela izingane nezinye izikhungo zokuxhumana. Izindlu akufanele futhi zibe ezindaweni ezingcolile noma eziyingozi.

Lokhu kusebenza kanjani kuthina?

• "Umhlaba okutholakala kuwo izindlu ezingahlelelekile ivamise ukuba nokungcola noma ukuntengantenga kwezakhiwo, ngenxa yemisebenzi yakudala yezimayini."(Isibonelo)

• "Esikhathini esikhulu izindlu ezingahlelelekile ziba ikude nezikole. Lokhu kuletha izinselelo ezinkulu kubahlali, ikakhulukazi izingane."

• "Ukungaphephi kwezingane endaweni ethile noma eduze kwezakhiwo ezithile kungenza indawo ingafaneleki ukuhlala."

• "Ukungabikho kwezindawo zokudlala ezanele ezindaweni ezinghlelelekile kuyindaba evamile."

• "Izindlu ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo ezihlala abantu enkabeni yedolobha ngokuvamile ziba sezindaweni ezinhle lapho kutholakala khona kalula izinsiza, izitolo, nezinto zokuhamba."

Ingabe lokhu kuyasebenza uma nithuthwa? Yebo!Eningizimu Afrika, ukuthuthwa kumele kube ku-5 wamakhilomitha ukusuka lapho nisuswa khona.

Ukwanela kwamasiko

Incazelo: Izakhiwo zezindlu kufanele zikhombise ukuhlonipha futhi nokucabangela amasiko enu.

Lokhu kusebenza kanjani kuthina?

• "Izindawo ezithile edolobheni, njengase Jeppe, zingase zibe izindawo zokuhlangana zezakhamuzi zamasiko athile."

• "Izindlu zokufuduka zesikhashana ezinikezwa umkhandlu ngokuvamile ziyehluleka ukuhlonipha izidingo zamasiko nezinkolo ezihlukahlukene."

• "Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwendawo, ngokuvamile azikho izindawo ezibekelwe ukuhlanganyela kwemibuthano yokuzijabulisa noma imithandazo."

• "Izidingo zamakhaya andisiwe, ngokuvamile azicatshangelwa ngokwanele ezindaweni ezingahlelelekile."

• "Ngokuvamile izakhamuzi zinemibono ecacile ngokuthi kungaba yini izidingo zamasiko abo' emakhaya abo, ezakhiweni noma ezindaweni zokuhlala."

Njengoba manje sesiyazi ngokwanelisa kwamasiko, kufanele sikhuthaze ukwakhiwa kwezindlu ezihambisana nemisebenzi yethu yamasiko.

Ingabe bewazi ukuthi ngokwe United Nations, ukufinyeleleka ezindlini ezanele kufanele ‘kulingane futhi kungacwasi’?

Kusho ukuthini lokho?

Kusho ukuthi wonke umuntu unelungelo lokuthola indawo yokuhlala ngokulondeka, ukuthula nesithunzi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungowasiphi isigaba, ubulili, uhlanga, inkolo, ulimi, umbono wezombusazwe, noma ubuzwe.

Ezindlini, ukucwasa kungase kuthathe uhlobo lwemithetho ebandlululayo, imigomo noma izinyathelo; imithethonqubo yokuklama; ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubomgomo; ukukhishwa ezinzuzweni zezindlu; ukwenqatshelwa kokuvikeleka kwesikhathi sokuhlala; ungavumeleki ukuthola imalimboleko; ukubamba iqhaza okulinganiselwe ekuthathweni

Yiziphi izibopho zoHulumeni Kazwelonke kanye Nohulumeni Wasekhaya? 2

Ngokusho kweUnited Nations, umbuso unalezi zibopho ezilandelayo. Zichazwe iphuzu nephuzu kulesi sahluko.

Izibopho zombuso ziwela ezigabeni ezintathu, okuyizibopho zokuhlonipha, ukuvikela kanye nokufeza:

1 – Isibopho sokuhlonipha sidinga ukuthi uhulumeni obusayo agweme ukugxambukela ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile ekuthokozeleni ilungelo lezindlu ezanele.

2 – Isibopho sokuvikela sidinga ukuthi uhulumeni obusayo avimbele abantu abagxambulekayo ukuthi baphazamise ilungelo lezindlu ezanele.

3 – Isibopho sokufeza sidinga ukuthi uhulumeni obusayo wamukele izinyathelo zomthetho ezifanele, zokuphatha, zesabelomali, zokwahlulela, zokuthuthukisa nezinye ukuze zifezekise ngokugcwele ilungelo lezindlu ezanele.

Isibopho sokuHLONIPHA

Inqubomgomo zikazwelonke, zezifunda, kanye nezesemakhaya kufanele zihloniphe futhi zibonelele amalungelo ezindlu zabantu ababecwasiwe phambilini, futhi ziphakamise izinqubo zezindlu kanye nolwazi olungaphezu kokuhlelwa kwezindlu okusemthethweni.

Lokhu kungase kubukeke kanjani maphakathi nedolobha laseGoli:

• Ukubhekwa kwezakhiwo ezihlala abantu njengamathuba ezindlu ezisendaweni ezikahle.

• Ukuqonda kokubuswa kwezindawo ezingahlelekile kanye nezinkinga ezibhekene ngqo nezindawo zokuhlala ezingahlelelekile (isibonelo, indima edlalwa abaholi bendabuko namakomiti…).

• Ukuqonda izimo zezakhamuzi ezibukuthaka (ngokwesibonelo, abantu abakhubazekile, izingane, abantu abadala, abafuduki, abantu abayimilutha, kanye nemindeni enomzali oyedwa…).

• Ukubona abahlali njengabaphethe umqulo lwazi kanye nohlu lomphakathi njengomthombo othembekile wolwazi.

• Ukubona ukubaluleka kwababambeli/abalingisi abasekelayo ohlelweni (isibonelo, ama-NGO, amaqembu omphakathi, izimboni ezimele noma ubuholi besizwe).

• Ukuqikelela amagugu omphakathi kanye namandla ezakhamuzi okunakekela nokuphatha amakhaya azo.

• Ukuqikelela iqhaza lohulumeni wasekhaya lokuxoxisana nezakhamuzi ngendlela ephusile.

• Ukubona lapho amalungelo engahlangatshezwanga nokukhuluma ngalokho okungenzekanga ngendlela esobala.

Isibopho sokuVIKELA

Uhulumeni kazwelonke, owesifunda, kanye nohulumeni basekhaya badlala iqhaza elibalulekile ekuvikeleni amalungelo ezindlu ngokudala imithetho nezisusa ezivimbela ukuphathwa ngendlela engafanele nokukhishwa ngenkani.

Lokhu kungase kubukeke kanjani maphakathi nedolobha laseGoli:

• Ukuvikeleka kwamalungelo abantu ezindaweni ezingekho emthethweni (isb. Abaqashile, abokufika abangekho emthethweni abangenazo izincwadi).

• Ukuvikeleka kwamalungelo ezakhamuzi ezibuthaka (isibonelo, abantu abakhubazekile, izingane, abantu abadala, abantu abayimilutha, imindeni enomzali oyedwa…).

• Ukuba nezinhlelo ezahlukene zokuqasha ezivuna abaqashe ngobuningi noma ngabodwana.

• Ukubhekana nokushoda kokulethwa kwezidingo okuhlonzwe abahlali nezinhlangano zabo.

• Ukuvikela izakhamuzi ekukhishweni ngendluzula ingekho enye indawo yokuhlala ababekelwe yona.

• Akube khona indawo ephephile ukuze izakhamuzi zikwazi ukubika okushodayo nokungalungile.

• Akube khona izikhuthazo ezivikela ukuthuthukiswa abantu abazihlinzekele khona (Kokukhokhela abaqokwe umphakathi ukuletha ukuphepha ezingaqinisekisa ukuthi amaphaneli elanga akhiwe umphakathi acekelwa phansi noma antshontshwa).

2.3 Isibopho sokuFEZA

Uhulumeni kazwelonke, Abesifunda, kanye nohulumeni basekhaya babalulekile ekugcwaliseni amalungelo ezindlu ngokunika amandla kanye nokuhlinzeka ngokuqondile ngezindlu, kanye nokweseka amaqembu ezindlu ezihleliwe kanye nezinhlelo zokukhiqiza ngokubambisana ukuze kuthuthukiswe izindawo ezingahlelekile.

Lokhu kungase kubukeke kanjani maphakathi nedolobha laseGoli:

• Ukunika amandla okuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo ezihlala abantu ngokungemthetho (njenge: Upgrade of Informal Settlement Programme (UISP) ezakhiweni).

• Ukuvumela izinqubo ezenziwa ngokuhlanganyela, zokuzihlinzeka kanye nokuzisiza (ngokwesibonelo ukusekela ukuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo i-DIY, 'kanye nokuhlangabezana nalokho okusuke kwenziwa abahlali').

• Ukusekelwa kwezakhamuzi ekuphathweni kwendawo yabo ngokuhlanganyelana kanye nezokuphepha (isibonelo, ngokwenza amavolontiya okuphepha emphakathini abe semthethweni).

• Ukwakha izinhlaka zokusebenzisana phakathi kwababambe iqhaza abahlukene: izakhamuzi, ama-NGO, izimboni ezizimele kanye nohulumeni wasekhaya.

• Kwenze kubelula ukuthola uxhaso lapho abahlali benelungelo lokuxhaswa.

• Yiba nezinqubo ezicacile nezinobulungiswa zokuthi izinhlangano ezihlala kanye nemiphakathi zilalelwe ezinhlelweni zokuthuthukisa eziholwa nguhulumeni.

Iyiphi indima engadlalwa abahlali nezinhlangano zabo ekuqhubekiseleni phambili ilungelo leZindlu Ezanele? 3.0

Abantu banelungelo lokuzibandakanya ezinqumweni ngezindlu zabo. Uma amalungelo abo engahlonishwa, bangasebenzisana nezinhlangano zabo kanye nemibuthano ukuze uhulumeni aziphendulele. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi wonke umuntu unendawo eyanele yokuhlala. Nokho, amaqembu omphakathi kanye nemibuthano yezomphakathi bangenza ngaphezulu nje kokugqamisa lokho umbuso ongakwenzi. Bangakwazi:

• (1) Bangabelana ngohlulwezinto ezikhona kanye nolwazi.

• (2) Ukuhlinzeka ngosizo lwezomthetho kubahlali ababhekene nokukhishwa ngokungekho emthethweni

• (3) Babonise izibonelo zokuthuthukiswa okuholwa ngumphakathi ezihlangabezana nemibandela yokuthola izindlu ezanele

• (4) Bazibandakanye ekufundiseni umphakathi kanye nemifelandawonye yokwakha

• (5) Bangafunda nakwezinye izindawo futhi bazame imibono emisha.

3.1

Ukwabelana ngedatha nolwazi

Abagqugquzeli bomphakathi abavela ezinhlanganweni ezifana ne-1to1 – Agency of Engagement and Planact bavame ukuqoqa uhlu lwezinto zomphakathi nolwazi mayelana nezindawo abahlala kuzo. Lokhu kuqoqwa kohlu okuholwa umphakathi lubaluleke kakhulu lapho ohulumeni basekhaya bengenalo ulwazi oluphelele mayelana nendawo yokuhlala noma isakhiwo noma futhi bengafuni okwabelana nalo. Ulwazi olungaphelele olusetshenziswa iminyango kahulumeni nezinhlaka zentuthuko ukwenza izinqumo lungaholela ekungeneleleni okuhlulekayo ukufeza izidingo nezifiso zabantu abasemazingeni aphansi. Lapho imiphakathi ilawula ulwazi oluqoqayo, iba sesimweni esinamandla sokuqala izingxoxo, ifune, futhi yenza ohulumeni baphendule. Ngokuqoqa uhlu nokwabelana ngolwazi mayelana nezindawo abahlala kuzo, imiphakathi ingaqinisekisa ukuthi uhulumeni uyazifeza izibopho zakhe zokuthuthukisa amalungelo ezindlu.

3.2

Ukwesekwa kwezomthetho

Izinhlangano ezifana ne-SERI kanye ne-ICF zihlinzeka ngosekelo lwezomthetho kubahlali ababhekene nokukhishwa okungekho emthethweni. Bangase baveze imibhalo yokuqondisa futhi bamele imindeni enkantolo. Ngokuvamile basebenzisa imithetho kazwelonke nowamazwe ngamazwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amalungelo abantu ayahlangatshezwa. Ngokwenza lokhu baqinisekisa ukuthi uhulumeni uyasifeza isibopho sakhe sokuvikela amalungelo ezindlu zabahlali.

Ukuze uthole okwengeziwe: SERI’s Resource Guides

I-SERI's Resource Guides

Ukwandisa izinhlelo eziholwa umphakathi

Izinhlangano ezifana ne-1to1 nePlact zikhombise ukuthi

imiphakathi ingahola kanjani ekuthuthukiseni izindawo zokuhlala nezakhiwo zazo. Okuhlangenwe nakho nezinyathelo ezithathwe phakathi nalokhu kuthuthukiswa okuholwa ngabahlali kungasebenza njengesisekelo sokuthuthukisa izinqubo kanye nezinqubomgomo zikahulumeni ezisemthethweni. Lapho imiphakathi ithatha isinyathelo sokuthuthukisa izimo zayo zokuhlala futhi ibhale phansi umsebenzi wayo, inikeza izifundo ezibalulekile wonke umuntu angafunda kuzo. Abahlanganyeli bezinkundla zokucobelelana ngolwazi baphakamise ukuthi abasebenzi bakahulumeni edepho kanye nezinga likazwelonke kufanele bazibandakanye ekufundeni ezinhlelweni ezikhona eziholwa ngabahlali ukuze bakuhlomele kangcono ukusebenzisana nezakhamuzi ekugcwaliseni ilungelo lezindlu ezanele.

3.4 Ukwakha

imifelandawonye

Ukuthuthukisa kozokuxhumana nokuzibandakanya komphakathi ekuthathweni kwezinqumo, izinhlangano zomphakathi zingasungula ubudlelwano futhi zenze izinhlaka zokusebenzisana nezikhulu zikahulumeni wendawo. Isibonelo sobambiswano olunjalo yiCity Learning Platform eFreetown, eSierra Leone. Le nkundla isebenza njengendawo yababambe iqhaza abahlukene, njengeziphathimandla zendawo, amaNGO, izikhungo zocwaningo, izinkampani ezizimele, nabamele izindawo ezingahlelelekile, ukuze babelane ngolwazi lwabo, baxhumanise imizamo, futhi baphakamise izixazululo zokuthuthukisa izindawo ezingahlelelekile edolobheni.

Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe: Principles of Engagement the City Learning Platform in Freetown

Ulwazi lwakwezinye izindawo

Ngezinye izikhathi, imibono emisha newusizo yokuxazulula izinselele zendawo iye yasetshenziswa kwezinye izindawo.

Izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe njenge-ASF-UK ne-IIED zidlala indima ekukhuthazeni ukufunda phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene. Ngokwenza kanjalo, inhloso ukuqeda ukungezwani kwendawo okungasizi, ukwethula imibono emisha, nokukhombisa ukuthi ezinye izindlela zingenzeka.

Ngokwesibonelo, eSão Paulo, eBrazil, izinhlangano zezezindlu ziye zahlola ngempumelelo izindlela ezintsha zokuthuthukisa izakhiwo ezihlala abantu ngokuhlanganyela nezakhamuzi.

Kwezinye izimo, izakhamuzi zalezi zakhiwo zisebenze ngempumelelo nohulumeni basekhaya ukuze izakhiwo zabo ezithuthukisiwe zaziwe futhi zisekelwe njengezindlu zomphakathi. Kubalulekile ukuvuma ukuthi isimo ngasinye sihlukile, futhi asikwazi ukumane sidlulisele izinqubomgomo nezinqubo ukusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye. Kodwake, ngokuqonda nangokuhlanganyela ezingxoxweni ezinolwazi olufanayo, singacabanga izindlela ezintsha zokunikeza izindlu ezanele maphakathi nedolobha laseGoli.

Ukufunda nokwabelana ngalomhlahlandlela kungasiza ekuqhubekiseleni phambili Ilungelo Lezindlu Ezanele. Imfundo yezomphakathi idlala indima ebalulekile ekuboneni, ekuvikeleni, nasekugcwaliseni leli lungelo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuqonda amalungelo ezindlu umhlaba wonke kanye namalungelo, izinqubomgomo nezinqubo eziqondene nendawo yethu. ENingizimu Afrika, ilungelo lethu lezindlu ezifanele liqinisekiswa nguMthethosisekelo wethu.

Umthethosisekelo waseNingizimu Afrika, 1996. Isigaba 26. Ezezindlu:

(1) ) Wonke umuntu unelungelo lokuthola izindlu ezifanele

(2) Uhulumeni kufanele uthathe izinyathelo zomthetho ezifanele nakonkone, ngokwezinsiza ezikhona, ukuze ufezekise lelilungelo ngokuqhubekayo.

(3) Akekho oyokhishwa emzini wakhe, noma adilizelwe umuzi wakhe, ngaphandle komyalelo wenkantolo owenziwe ngemuva kokucubungula zonke izimo ezifanele. Awukho umthetho ongavumela ukukhishwa ngaphandle kwesizathu.

Ukubonga

Abahleli Bombhalo

Beatrice De Carli, Tamara Kahn (ASF-UK)

Abanikeli bombhalo

Jhono Bennett, Jacqueline Cuyler (1to1), Alexandre Apsan Frediani (IIED), Itumeleng Tlokotsi (1to1)

Isakhiwo nemifanekiso

Emma Carpenter (ASF-UK)

Izinguqulo

Hlamalani Rikhotso

Izinsiza Ezibalulekile

Izincazelo zeLungelo Lezindlu Ezanele ezisetshenziswe kulo mbhalo zithathwe:

I-OHCHR (Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights) kanye ne-UN-Habitat (Inted Nations Human Settlements Programme), The Right to Adequate HousingFactsheet - No. 21/Rev.1 (Geneva: OHCHR, 2009).

Izincazelo zesigaba-2 zaziswe ngu:

United Cities and Local Governments (ed.), Housing and Basic Services from Below: Ohulumeni basekhaya kanye nezifunda balithuthukisa kanjani ilungelo lezindlu ezanele – Local and Regional Governments Report to the 2023 HLPF, Paper 1 (Barcelona: UCLG, 2023).

Abanikeli Be- mhlangano wokucobelelana ngolwazi: 1to1 – Agency of Engagement: Cornelia Busiswa Tsibiyana, Noluthando Geja, Florence Gule, Percy Masango, Dumisani Mathebula, Balungile Mntaka, Bonginkosi Ndlovu, Julia Phora, Itumeleng Tlokotsi

ICF (Inner City Federation): Siyabonga Mahlangu, Lizwelthu Ndlovu, Sifiso Zuma

ICRC (Inner City Resource Centre): Monica Hassamo

SERI (Socio-Ecolonic Rights Institute): Lauren Royston

Ukucaphuna:

Architecture Sans Frontières UK, 1to1 Agency of Engagement kanye ne-IIED, "Our Right to Adequate Housing" (London: ASFUK, 2024)