Design Guidelines Work Sample by ashleydanielson

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INDIANA STATE FAIRGROUNDS & EVENT CENTER DESIGN GUIDELINES

FINAL REPORT NOVEMBER 30, 2018

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Indianapolis, Indiana

ÂŠ2018

Table of Contents 4

Background and Methodology Indiana State Fairgrounds History Indiana State Fairgrounds Significance Chapter 1: General Guidelines for Historic Buildings

5 6 8

Chapter 2: Existing Conditions Assessment

12 13 14 15 16 18 21

51 52 53 54 55 56 57

Appendix A: Historic Resource Assessment

Table of Contents Reference Map Historic Non-Historic Utilitarian Circulation Event Space Designed Landscape

61 62 64 108 114 130 148 156

Appendix B: Sample Furnishings and Site Materials

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Building Treatments Secretary of the Interiorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Standards for Rehabilitation The National Register and Funding Opportunities Common Problems Building Facade Considerations Infill Considerations Additional Resources

Site Considerations General Native & Adapted Plant Materials Circulation Event Spaces Designed Landscapes Parking Environmental Graphics & Wayfinding

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Introduction

General Building Assessment General Site Assessment

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Chapter 3: Design Guidelines

168 170 172

Paved Surfaces Site Furnishings Wayfinding and Interpretive Signage

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Using the Guidelines General Recommendations Creating Consistency Understanding Proportion and Scale Masonry Considerations Opening Treatments Color Palette Considerations Other Building Considerations Architectural Styles Colonial Revival Period Revival / Arts and Crafts Bungalow Art Deco / Art Moderne Mid-Century Modern Post Modern Contemporary Historic Buildings Non-Historic Buildings Utilitarian Buildings New Construction

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Indiana State Fairgrounds Design Guidelines

Indiana State Fairgrounds History Introduction

A second wave of building occurred in the late-1930s as New Deal programs provided funding for public works projects. New buildings reflected the influence of the Art Deco style and included the Education Building (1935-1936, O. A. Tislow, architect), Saddle Horse Barn (1936-1937, Burns & James, architects), a new Coliseum (1938-1939, William Earl Russ & Merritt Harrison, architects), and the 4-H complex (1939, Robert Frost Daggett, architect). Most of the new buildings maintained the materials palette used during the previous two decades, but the iconic Coliseum was set apart from the surrounding redbrick buildings by the use of buff brick with limestone trim. Additions and improvements were also made to existing facilities like the Women’s Arts Building and the Saddle Barn.

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The first Indiana State Fair was held in 1852 in Indianapolis’s Camp Sullivan, now known as Military Park, which brought the highest bid for hosting the three-day event.2 In the years to come, the State Fair was held in other major cities, including Lafayette, New Albany, Fort Wayne, and Terre Haute. The Fair eventually settled for a few years at Camp Morton on the north side of Indianapolis, but the continued growth of the city led the Board of Agriculture to sell the land, now the Herron-Morton Place neighborhood, and relocate farther north.3

cohesive palette of materials and stylistic expression, giving the campus a unified, intentional architectural character.

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The idea for the annual Indiana State Fair came from the Indiana State Board of Agriculture, created by the State Legislature in 1851. This group believed that a State Fair could further its goal of bringing farmers, merchants, skilled workers, and manufacturers together to cultivate and exchange ideas. Such a gathering could encourage the adoption of up-to-date agricultural practices for improved production and better stewardship of Indiana’s natural resources.1

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In January 1892, the Board purchased the Voss Farm at what is now the northwest corner of 38th Street and Fall Creek Parkway. A major building campaign led by the Lafayette architecture firm of J. F. Alexander & Son was underway by the summer of 1892 to develop the 238-acre farm into a suitable fairgrounds.4 Though not all the buildings were finished by September, the Indiana State Fair proceeded as planned and the remaining structures were completed later that year.5

Since the first Indiana State Fair was held at the present Fairgrounds, the complex has undergone multiple phases of architectural change. Several of the original wooden structures were demolished and replaced by permanent structures in the 1910s and 1920s. Architects Kopf & Wooling, later Kopf & Deery, oversaw the construction of fourteen new structures in thirteen years. The architects used a palette of materials and stylistic elements to create a cohesive architectural character along the Fairground’s main boulevards. Brick was used as the dominant exterior material, accented with terra cotta medallions showing the kinds of animals exhibited inside. Works by other architects during this period included the Women’s Arts Building (1919) by Charles W. Nicol of Lafayette and the Agriculture & Horticulture Building and the first version of the Coliseum by Rubush & Hunter of Indianapolis. These architects maintained a

Rules and Regulation Brochure, 1873 image from images.indianahistory.org

Paul Miner, Indiana’s Best! An Illustrated Celebration of the Indiana State Fairgrounds (Indianapolis: PROMPT Publications, 1992), 2. Miner, Indiana’s Best, 3. Miner, Indiana’s Best, 6-9. 4 David J. Bodenhamer and Robert G. Barrows, The Encyclopedia of Indianapolis (Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1994), 749. 5 Miner, Indiana’s Best, 13.

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Indiana State Fairgrounds History Introduction

The period from 1998 to present primarily focused on repairs and improvements to existing facilities. Major rehabilitation and renovation projects were completed on the Sheep Barn, now named Blue Ribbon Pavilion, Exposition Hall, Grand Hall, West Pavilion, Champions Pavilion, 4-H Complex, Administration Building, Coliseum, and Speed Barns. New buildings and site features constructed during this period include the FFA Pavilion, Celebration Park, DNR Fishing Ponds and Amphitheater, Glass Barn, and Youth Pavilion. The State Fairgrounds continues to evolve to meet the needs of its current users while maintaining its unique character and identity.

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The 1950s and 1960s saw the construction of a few new buildings and the remodeling and expansion of several existing buildings. Major new buildings included the Conservation Building (1950-1951, Burns & Burns, architects) and the Farmers’ Building (1954-1955, Lennox & Matthews, architects), both in the north part of the grounds. Multiple buildings

were expanded and renovated, including several under the direction of Indianapolis architects Wright, Porteous & Lowe from 1966. In 1971, the existing Grandstand was built after the partial collapse of the 1931 Grandstand.

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World War II brought a new use to the fairgrounds. From 1942 to 1945, the Army Air Corp occupied many of the Fairgrounds’ buildings for storage, shipping, and training supporting the war effort. An Air Depot Training Station was built on site in 1942, an Officer’s Club occupied the 1936 Model Farm House and later moved to the Fairgrounds Hotel, the Administration Building was substantially remodeled, and a brick guard station was built by the Main Gate.6 The Radio Center Building (1947, Daniel Zimmerman, architect) was the first new building to be built after the war.

1933 State Fair Crowd, image from images.indianahistory.org 5 6

Miner, Indiana’s Best, 146-151. Miner, Indiana’s Best, 15.

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Indiana State Fairgrounds Design Guidelines

Indiana State Fairgrounds Significance

Today, the Indiana State Fairgrounds continues to draw one to two million people from across the state and country to Indianapolis. Though the campus sees the most activity in August, buildings are available for use year-round for a variety of events. While historic buildings form the bulk of the State Fairgrounds’ facilities, many have suffered from unsympathetic additions and alterations. Some of these changes were made to meet the Fairgrounds’ changing needs, while others were purely aesthetic changes to suit current fashion trends or the taste of current staff members. This resulted in piecemeal and inconsistent work across the fairgrounds, undermining the property’s architectural character. Moving forward, the Indiana State Fair Commission has determined that design guidelines could help ensure a cohesive architectural character for the property, guiding sensitive rehabilitation of its historic buildings and contextual contemporary infill construction.

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Significance The Indiana State Fairgrounds is historically significant at the state level for both its architecture and for the agricultural and cultural events that have taken place on the site. The integrity of the Fairgrounds campus as a whole, including both its historic buildings and historic designed landscape, create a unique and authentic sense of place connecting generations of Hoosiers from across the state. The Fairgrounds is a significant civic space for the entire state and comprises an inheritance worthy of stewardship for future generations of Hoosiers.

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Introduction

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The Fairgrounds is significant for the events that have taken place on site, from the annual State Fair itself, to concerts, political rallies, and other events. In 1952, the Indiana State Fair claimed the title of “Finest Agricultural Fair in the Nation.”7

Miner, Indiana’s Best, 17.

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Indiana State Fairgrounds Significance

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Introduction

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1928 Aerial of Fairgrounds images.indianahistory.org

Indiana State Fairgrounds Design Guidelines

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General Guidelines for Historic Buildings

Building Treatments General Guidelines for Historic Buildings

Preservation: the act or process of applying measures to sustain the existing form, integrity and materials of an historic property. Work, including preliminary measures to protect and stabilize the property, generally focuses upon the ongoing maintenance and repair of historic materials and features rather than extensive replacement and new construction. New exterior additions are not within the scope of this treatment; however, the limited and sensitive upgrading of mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems and other coderequired work to make properties functional is appropriate within a preservation project.

The Standards apply to historic buildings of all periods, styles, types, materials, and sizes. Funding sources typically require the exterior and the interior of historic buildings to follow these Standards. They also encompass related landscape features and the building’s site and environment as well as attached, adjacent, or related new construction. The Standards are applied in a reasonable manner, taking into consideration economic and technical feasibility.

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Rehabilitation Standards In order to be eligible for Federal and State tax credits, grants or special low interest loans available through other funding sources, rehabilitation projects must comply with the Secretary of the Interior’s “Standards for Rehabilitation,” listed on the adjacent page. The Standards include ten basic principles created to help preserve the distinctive character of a historic building and its site, while allowing for reasonable change to meet compatible new uses.

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Before any further discussion of preservation issues, it is important to know there are standards for four distinct, but interrelated, approaches to the treatment of historic properties — preservation, rehabilitation, restoration, and reconstruction.

Rehabilitation: the act or process of making possible a compatible use for a property through repair, alterations, and additions while preserving those portions or features which convey its historical, cultural, or architectural values.

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Restoration: the act or process of accurately depicting the form, features, and character of a property as it appeared at a particular period of time by means of the removal of features from other periods in its history and reconstruction of missing features from the restoration period. The limited and sensitive upgrading of mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems and other coderequired work to make properties functional is appropriate within a restoration project.

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Reconstruction: the act or process of depicting, by means of new construction, the form, features, and detailing of a non-surviving site, landscape, building, structure, or object for the purpose of replicating its appearance at a specific period of time and in its historic location.

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The majority of the alterations to historic structures in the fairgrounds will likely fall under the “Rehabilitation” category. As such, these guidelines focus on that treatment.

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Secretary of the Interiorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Standards for Rehabilitation General Guidelines for Historic Buildings

The Secretary of the Interiorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Standards for Rehabilitation: 1. A property shall be used for its historic purpose or be placed in a new use that requires minimal change to the defining characteristics of the building and its site and environment.

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2. The historic character of a property shall be retained and preserved. The removal of historic materials or alteration of features and spaces that characterize a property shall be avoided. 3. Each property shall be recognized as a physical record of its time, place, and use. Changes that create a false sense of historical development, such as adding conjectural features or architectural elements from other buildings, shall not be undertaken. 4. Most properties change over time; those changes that have acquired historic significance in their own right shall be retained and preserved.

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5. Distinctive features, finishes, and construction techniques or examples of craftsmanship that characterize a historic property shall be preserved. 6. Deteriorated historic features shall be repaired rather than replaced. Where the severity of deterioration requires replacement of a distinctive feature, the new feature shall match the old in design, color, texture, and other visual qualities and, where possible, materials. Replacement of missing features shall be substantiated by documentary, physical, or pictorial evidence. 7. Chemical or physical treatments, such as sandblasting, that cause damage to historic materials shall not be used. The surface cleaning of structures, if appropriate, shall be undertaken using the gentlest means possible. 8. Significant archeological resources affected by a project shall be protected and preserved. If such resources must be disturbed, mitigation measures shall be undertaken.

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9. New additions, exterior alterations, or related new construction shall not destroy historic materials that characterize the property. The new work shall be differentiated from the old and shall be compatible with the massing, size, scale, and architectural features to protect the historic integrity of the property and its environment.

10. New additions and adjacent or related new construction shall be undertaken in such a manner that if removed in the future, the essential form and integrity of the historic property and its environment would be unimpaired.

Additional information on the Rehabilitation Standards can be obtained at: https://www.nps.gov/tps/.

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Indiana State Fairgrounds Design Guidelines

The National Register and Funding Opportunities General Guidelines for Historic Buildings

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Federal Historic Tax Credit (HTC) The federal government offers a Historic Tax Credit (HTC) that permits owners and some lessees of historic buildings to take an income tax credit on the cost of rehabilitating buildings for industrial, commercial or rental residential use. The historic rehabilitation tax credit (20%) is available for buildings listed in the National Register of Historic Places which, after rehabilitation, are used for income-producing commercial or residential rental use. A certified historic structure is one listed individually in the National Register of Historic Places, or contributing to a National Register listed Historic District. The owner of the building must maintain ownership for at least five years in order to avoid having the tax credit rescinded by the federal government. A building owned by a nonprofit entity may be eligible for the use of the HTC through a lease agreement with a for-profit development entity. https://www.nps.gov/tps/tax-incentives.htm

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A property or district’s listing on the National Register does not subject the nominated area to design restrictions from the National Park Service or other nationwide organization unless Federal Historic Tax Credits or federally-funded projects are pursued. Under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, listing in the National Register is used as a record of a historic resource and contains no power in determining how the resource is preserved. Listing can prevent or lessen negative impacts on the resource when federal funds are involved through the Section 106 process. Design guidelines and design review could be applied if the property is designated as a local historic district under the jurisdiction of the Indianapolis Historic Preservation Commission. Designation of a local historic district is a local planning and design review process unrelated to National Register eligibility or listing.

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July-August and complete applications are due in October. The Indiana Historic Preservation Review Board makes the final award of grant funds based on staff recommendations at their January meeting annually. For exact dates, and to obtain an application form, visit the DHPA website: http://www.in.gov/dnr/historic/3671.htm#hpf

Designation on the National Register The National Register of Historic Places is a compilation of historic resources that are worthy of preservation because they help to tell the story of the American people. As a large complex of both eligible buildings and landscapes, the State Fairgrounds has the opportunity to list the site as a National Register historic district. Such a designation would recognize the history and significance of the State Fairgrounds.

Historic Preservation Fund (HPF) Local governments and non-profit organizations can apply to the Indiana Division of Historic Preservation & Archaeology (DHPA) for financial assistance to maintain, restore, and document historic properties. The DHPA, through the State Historic Preservation Review Board, awards matching grants of federal funding each January. Some of the types of projects funded in the past include acquisition and rehabilitation of public or non-profit owned historic buildings.

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Federal and State Funding Opportunities As previously stated, the listing of the State Fairgrounds in the National Register of Historic Places would open up potential funding sources for its preservation, rehabilitation, and adaptive reuse. The following are a few examples of funding sources that could be pursued.

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Indiana Historic Renovation Grant Program Potential exterior preservation and rehabilitation projects could be eligible for funding under Indiana’s Historic Renovation Grant Program. The program requires that the property be actively used in a trade or business, held for the production of income, or held for rental or other uses. Grant requests between $10,000 and $100,000 are considered and must be no less than 35% of eligible project costs. A local match must be greater than or equal to 65% of the total eligible project costs. https://www.in.gov/ocra/hrgp.htm

Amounts available for repairs and other projects vary. Typically, the DHPA can match 50-50 with projects costing from $4,000 to $30,000. The Division makes grant applications available in

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Common Problems

Common Problems with Historic Building Alterations Inappropriate maintenance or unsympathetic alterations can produce undesirable results, compromising a building’s architectural character, limiting use, and creating maintenance problems. The following is an overview of common issues at the State Fairgrounds along with photographs of relevant examples. Filling or Covering Windows and Doors The pattern of openings in a facade is a critical component of the building design. Filling in these spaces creates a monolithic appearance, making the building feel unwelcoming. Tinting windows has nearly the same effect as filling them in, and should also be avoided.

This metal awning added to the front of Harvest Pavilion conceals an architecturally significant arch that marked the building’s main entrance.

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General Guidelines for Historic Buildings

Inappropriate Color Selections Sometimes, one paint color may be used for the facade as well as the architectural trim, making it difficult to see detail around windows, doors, or other architectural features. Identifying appropriate color palettes is an important part of any rehabilitation effort.

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Inappropriate Materials Materials like cedar shakes, molded stone, roughcut logs, exterior insulation finishing systems (EIFS), stained wood, and thinset veneers should not be used to cover up existing masonry or window openings.

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Entry Canopies Multiple buildings have had unsympathetic canopies added, concealing character-defining historic features. While there may be a desire to create a covered entry into a building, these features should be carefully designed to avoid concealing existing historic features.

Uncovering the clerestory windows on buildings such as the Swine Barn, pictured above, will restore the building’s original daylighting scheme.

The contrasting brick and tile accents of the Agriculture & Horticulture Building have been painted over, concealing character-defining exterior materials.

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Though the alterations to the Better Babies Contest Building are now considered historic, the covering of the original masonry with wood paneling would not be a sympathetic material choice for other buildings today.

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Indiana State Fairgrounds Design Guidelines

Building Facade Considerations General Guidelines for Historic Buildings

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Downsizing windows—installing a smaller window and filling in part of the opening around it— dramatically decreases the energy efficiency of the window opening by providing many opportunities for air infiltration and mars the exterior appearance of the building. Replacement windows should always fill the entire opening and should match the style of the original windows. If interior alterations will block a window, it can be covered with a blackout panel on the interior, preserving the window’s exterior appearance. For additional information refer to Preservation Brief 9: The Repair of Historic Wooden Windows from the National Park Service (www.nps.gov/history/hps/TPS/briefs/presbhom.htm).

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The windows of the Communication Building are an excellent example of the differences between historic windows and inappropriate replacements. Here, there is a clear contrast between materials, lite sizes and organization, and functional design of the window.

Windows Historic windows were designed to provide daylight and fresh air to the interior of the building. In later years, many windows were boarded up or reduced in size. Because historic windows are a characterdefining feature across the State Fairgrounds campus, they should be retained and restored wherever possible. See page 36 for more details.

On Exposition Hall, several windows have been infilled using a variety of techniques. Ideally, windows would be restored to preserve the original rhythm of the fenestration, but at a minimum a consistent treatment should be considered.

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Existing Conditions Assessment

General Building Assessment

Swine Barn - this incompatible mortar replacement has a different color, physical composition, and has been infilled to the face of the brick, unlike the historic mortar

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Southwest corner of Grand Hall - the parapet here and all along the south facade appears to be leaning and should be investigated

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Existing Conditions Assessment

The Better Babies Contest Building, now Hook’s Drug Store, is one of the few buildings on the fairgrounds that has had a significant programmatic change

Methodology In order to establish a complete understanding of the past and present conditions of the State Fairgrounds, research and site visits were conducted over the course of the study.

Integrity Within the context of historic preservation, integrity refers to a property ’s tangible and intangible connections to the past. Evaluation of a historic property’s integrity considers the seven aspects of integrity identified in the National Register Criteria for Evaluation: location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association. When determining if a property or district is eligible for listing in the National Register, these seven aspects are assessed to determine if the resource has retained enough of its integrity to be listed. Outside of the National Register, this framework provides qualitative and quantitative measures to gauge a property’s level

Harvest Pavilion - this metal canopy is covering an archway that is a character defining feature of the building

Observations Overall, the buildings of the State Fairgrounds are in good condition, though years of alterations and additions have compromised the integrity of some of the historic structures. As a whole, the buildings of the campus have a cohesive architectural identity, though temporary metal structures to the north weaken this sense of permanence and unified character.

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General Building Assessment Existing Conditions Assessment

All of the Fairgrounds’ buildings maintain their integrity of location except for the Normandy Barn, which was moved to its current site in 2008.

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Integrity of design, material, and workmanship is the primary concern with individual buildings. Most buildings maintain a moderate to high degree of integrity in these aspects, although the infill of windows and covering of character-defining materials has compromised the integrity of several buildings. The Fairgrounds retains a high degree of integrity of design in its general layout, but the loss of most of the site’s tree canopy has radically altered the character of the grounds.

Materials Exterior materials appear to have seen regular maintenance on most buildings, but several buildings show evidence of inappropriate repairs. One example is seen on the Swine Barn, where mortar joints have been repointed with new mortar that does not match the color or tooling of the historic mortar. Incompatible mortar is often of incorrect composition and strength, leading to masonry deterioration. The most visually concerning condition is the parapet of Grand Hall, which appears to be leaning back towards the roof. In general, buildings should be assessed regularly for masonry and other material deterioration that may compromise the building envelope. If dealing with historic structures, care must be taken to find qualified design professionals and contractors with experience in the proper treatment of historic materials to ensure a compatible and durable treatment.

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of integrity through the retention of essential physical features from the period of significance.

The Fairgrounds maintains a moderate degree of integrity of setting, although the adjacent roads have seen major widening projects and the loss of most of their street trees.

The Fairgrounds maintains a moderate to high degree of integrity of feeling. While the event has evolved, the bustle and agricultural focus of the State Fair itself retains a strong connection to past events. The loss of most of the site’s tree canopy has radically altered the feeling of the grounds.

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The State Fairgrounds’ buildings were typically designed for specific fair-time events while also accommodating other uses. Many buildings have changed specific uses while remaining assembly or exhibit spaces. This element of integrity is important when making decisions on how alterations will effect buildings, especially if it is decided to pursue a historic district designation.

Simple changes that could be made to increase the integrity of the fairground buildings include removing coverings from clerestories and inappropriate canopies. Reopening historic window and door openings, replacing incompatible windows, and removing unsympathetic additions should be incorporated into the planning of future rehabilitation and renovation projects. It will be important to balance the rehabilitation of the existing buildings with new construction as the fairgrounds move forward.

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Identity The buildings built between 1918 and 1947 present a cohesive aesthetic and rhythm along the main street of the Fairgrounds. Some alterations to these buildings have disrupted this pattern and original design intent. Historic photographs create an opportunity to understand how the site was used. Pedestrian traffic, placement of fair-time amenities, and other uses for the various landscapes and buildings can be assessed. For example, the addition to the north elevation of the West Pavilion blocks multiple original arched openings, eliminating the grand entry experience from the sidewalk. Identity also comes with a cohesive landscape design that historically included uniform street tree plantings and extensive tree cover of open spaces. The architectural aesthetic to the north of the Track of Champions is much more varied and lacks a common theme. While the historic buildings in this area are compatible with the buildings to the south, the temporary and utilitarian structures do not contribute to a cohesive identity. Future building and site work to the north should focus of creating a sense of identity that continues to tell the story of agricultural evolution and its connection to the State Fairgrounds while being sensitive to the surrounding context.

Indiana State Fairgrounds Design Guidelines

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Design Guidelines

Using the Guidelines Design Guidelines

These Design Guidelines are meant to aid in the decision making process for future building, landscape, and planning projects at the State Fairgrounds. During the course of RATIO’s assessment, existing conditions were divided between buildings and site features. Each resource was then catalogued, its character defining features were identified, its level of significance was identified, and the potential application of the design guidelines was assessed. Individual building and site feature assessments can be found in Appendix A.

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In addition to creating guidelines specific to building and site feature types, a portion of this section has been dedicated to describing the various architectural styles that are seen across the State Fairgrounds including Period Revival, Art Deco, and Mid-Century Modern. With each style, typical materials, identifiable characteristics, and color palettes have been supplied. On the pages to follow, the Design Guidelines for buildings and site features have been subdivided into categories based on the type and use of the feature. Appendix A has also been organized according to these categories: Buildings • Historic • Non-Historic • Utilitarian • New Construction

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Site Features • Circulation • Event Space • Designed Landscape • Parking • Environmental Graphics & Wayfinding

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For the purposes of this report, the term “historic” refers to any resource more than 50 years old (built before 1969) and “non-historic” encompasses resources built within the last 50 years (built after 1969). Utilitarian resources are simple, sometimes temporary structures that lack distinctive features and fade into the background of the site. The guidelines for “new construction” covers all future work in the form of additions and infill. “Circulation” features are those that are integrated into pedestrian or vehicular movement throughout the site. “Event spaces” are areas that were designed as the venue for a specific type of event while “designed landscapes” are intentionally designed outdoor spaces that define the character of the campus.

While some recommendations may be consistent across all of these categories, each has unique considerations that have been outlined in this section. A historic preservation professional should be consulted when planning repairs, rehabilitation, renovation, or additions to historic resources. The involvement of a professional can help to ensure the proper treatment of the State Fairgrounds’ historic structures through coordination efforts with architects, contractors, and other construction parties.

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General Recommendations Design Guidelines

These overall recommendations provide a framework for future planning, design, construction, and maintenance of the State Fairgrounds:

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1. Create a Maintenance Plan for buildings and site features Deferred maintenance is costly and puts resources at risk for major damage. By creating a long term plan that outlines when buildings and site features should be assessed, minor deterioration can be found and repaired before it becomes a larger and more expensive problem. This would supplement the Building Maintenance Analysis spreadsheets that include conceptual costs. 2. Create a Master Plan with phased projects A master plan should identify and prioritize short- and long-term goals, serving as a guide for development over 10 to 25 years. A master plan serves as a road map for future projects, identifying achievable steps and a time line for their accomplishment.

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3. Address existing conditions, then progress into new construction While new construction may be needed in order to fulfill goals set by a master plan, improving existing conditions should take priority. The State Fairgrounds’ existing facilities are an inheritance passed down from past generations of Hoosiers. Existing maintenance needs should be prioritized to demonstrate responsible stewardship and to ensure that these facilities can continue to serve future generations. 4. Implement common sense sustainable practices Careful planning can make use of original sustainable design features of the Fairgrounds’ historic buildings, including the use of daylight, to improve user experiences and reduce operations costs. The site’s historic tree canopy not only beautifies the campus, it helped to contain storm water, to cool the grounds during the summer, and provided valuable habitat. Demonstration of current best practices in design, construction, and operations is consistent with the State Fair’s historic mission.

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5. Consider nominating the State Fairgrounds to be a National Register Historic District The National Register of Historic Places is the official list of America’s historic places worthy of preservation. Nominating an Indiana State Fairgrounds Historic District to the National Register would highlight the importance of this place while opening up potential funding sources for the campus’ historic resources. National Register listing would not place restrictions on the property beyond those already in place on federal funding.

6. Design for flexibility, adaptability, and durability The State Fairgrounds’ historic buildings and landscapes were designed to be durable landmarks adaptable for a variety of uses. This model should be considered for future construction to ensure responsible investment in durable, flexible, and adaptable facilities. A master plan should consider longterm replacement of the campus’ temporary buildings and the unrealized potential of single-use buildings and outdoor spaces.

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Indiana State Fairgrounds Design Guidelines

Creating Consistency Design Guidelines

Designing compatible, historically sensitive additions and new construction can be challenging in a site where there are multiple time periods, architectural styles, and materials to consider. Features commonly found on historic buildings around the Fairgrounds that could inform the design of new construction include: Corner towers or “bookends” Clerestory windows Easily-identifiable entrances Masonry as the dominant exterior material Strong vertical and horizontal elements

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In addition to architectural cues to create a consistent aesthetic, other details such as a color palette or landscape features can aid in visually connecting the State Fairgrounds. For example, the use of the particular shade of green seen throughout the fairgrounds currently provides a consistent visual cue through the site. Another approach would be to create distinct zones that may group common building types together with specific planting types, site features, or other design elements. This could create sub-areas with distinct identities within the campus while larger design themes, site furnishings, and other qualities could be used to unite the fairgrounds as a whole.

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Compare the three buildings on the left. Each was designed by a different architect in a different period and different style, yet the designs are compatible through the use of a common materials palette, the clearly-defined entrance, and changes in material over the height of the building. They all successfully represent the styles of their times, yet use specific architectural language to relate to one another.

General Consistency Guidelines • Determine whether the overall design approach to the State Fairgrounds will be based around one consistent aesthetic or zoned aesthetics • Use the above bullet points to evaluate architectural concepts when designing new construction • Use landscape features and color palettes to reinforce the fairgrounds identity

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Understanding Proportion and Scale Design Guidelines

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Notice how there are five different facade conditions on Fall Creek Pavilion, but the proportions all work together to create a holistic facade. Different opening types give aesthetic variety, relate to human scale, and provide light. This variation and division of facades is particularly important on large buildings. Opportunities to interact between inside and outside spaces prevents long monotonous facades that are unappealing to pedestrians. In addition to the openings, the variation in heights of the bays emphasizes the differentiation and reinforces the human-scale proportions.

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After filling in windows and covering the clerestories, the lighting conditions of the interior and the rhythm of the exterior fenestration have been completely altered. Even though the massing has not changed, the building appears more monolithic. The pedestrian level has less variety and the building appears less welcoming and more cut-off from activity outside. This is just one reason why window and door openings are crucial to the overall aesthetic of a building. While bricking-in openings may have once been a solution to unwanted heat gain, evolution in glass and window technology makes it possible for these opening to once again be returned to glass while maintaining or improving the energy performance of the building.

New additions and buildings should use a similar scale and proportions as the adjacent historic structures’ massing and fenestration. Though the Champions Pavilion has maintained a height compatible with its surrounds, overall it is not a sympathetic design. Its long, narrow facade is broken up with pilasters, but a lack of openings create a large expanse of unwelcoming surface. The openings that do exist on these blank walls are solid doors and the building lacks the kind of variety and scale of entrance types found on adjacent historic buildings. The Champions Pavilion also lacks a variety of heights between the bays, which contributes to its lack of human-scale proportions.

General Proportion and Scale Guidelines • Break down large facades into portions that are human-scaled through the use of: • Window and door variations • A variety of entry types and locations • Changes in building height • Extrusions or recesses of portions of a facade to emphasize entry points or significant architectural features • Opportunities at the ground level for interaction between the interior and exterior • Do not exceed the height of adjacent historic structures • Use pattern variation, material change, or other detail to create variety in the exterior cladding

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Indiana State Fairgrounds Design Guidelines

Masonry Considerations Design Guidelines

Because all of the historic structures have used masonry in their design, it is important to understand how to select compatible yet differentiated types for new construction. Compatibility issues often occur with brick size, color, finish, and mortar thickness, color, coursing patterns, and finishing treatment. While it is not recommended to create an exact match to prevent misinterpretation as a historic feature, the brick treatment of a new building or addition can greatly effect the visual relationship between the structure and surrounding site.

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Brick Patterns Around the Fairgrounds

Remember, historic brick will naturally have imperfections, variations of color and surface texture. Placing certain types of new, mass produced brick next to a historic building may not be the right solution. Limestone can be a more forgiving material when it comes to compatibility. Because of its scale and use on the fairground buildings, these same considerations should be used.

Basket Weave

The Champions Pavilion, seen in the image below, is a good example of incompatible brick. The new addition used a much larger brick unit, which looks out of proportion when next to the historic building. Coloring of the new masonry is also incompatible. This is not only because of its orange tone, but also because of its lack in color variety which is seen on the historic building. In addition to the masonry itself, a much thinner mortar line was used, though the color was created to match. At first glance it appears that the treatment of the mortar was compatible, but other images of the historic building show that the mortar did not originally come flush with the face of the brick, which means this portion of the historic building was poorly repointed.

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Mortar Tooling

Soldier Banding

Extruded Banding

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Masonry Considerations Design Guidelines

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Coursing Patterns Around the Fairgrounds

Common Bond with Flemish Header

Running Bond

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Stack Bond General Masonry Guidelines • Selecting a compatible masonry for new construction should focus on: • A unit of a similar scale • Having a compatible color through a consistent approach • If an existing masonry varies in colors: • Find an option that contains the same or similar color variations (a clear distinction between historic and new construction could be made through an architectural expression like an extrusion or recess, brick pattern variation, or material change at points of direct connection with a historic building) • Find an option of a single color that is compatible with the overall effect of the historic masonry • If an existing brick is a consistent color: • Find an option that is compatible color, perhaps a shade or two lighter or darker • Find an option with color variation that includes the single color in the existing building as the predominant color • Having a compatible texture • Look at amount of surface variation on the face (rough, smooth, etc.) • Textures giving a similar overall effect may be compatible • Using the same coursing pattern • Incorporating patterns from adjacent buildings • Use a compatible mortar • Color should match or be compatible with the new masonry and existing masonry and mortar, perhaps a shade or two lighter or darker than what exists • Thickness of mortar joints should be very close to existing conditions, especially if directly adjoined • Composition of the mortar is dependent on the brick it is used with, but aggregate amount and type should be similar to existing conditions • Tooling should match existing (raked appears to be a common finish treatment) • Selecting a compatible masonry for repair projects should focus on: • Using salvaged components, if possible • Finding an exact, or very close match for replacement masonry units • Using a compatible mortar • Color, mortar joint thickness, finish treatment, and composition should match existing conditions • For composition, hardness is the most crucial component. Many historic mortars were designed to allow walls to “breathe” and to accommodate subtle movement. The use of incompatible mortar types (especially modern Portland cement-based mortars) on masonry designed for softer mortars can cause spalling and moisture retention, leading to extensive damage to the existing masonry.

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Indiana State Fairgrounds Design Guidelines

Color Palette Considerations

Color palettes are often the most frequently changed aspect of a building or complex. The implementation of a new color scheme can be completed at once, or in phases depending on budgeting and time frames for building projects or rebranding opportunities. In the case of the State Fairgrounds, selecting a single color scheme that is sensitive to all of the time periods represented on the site is a challenge and dependent on the over-arching design scheme of the site: one consistent aesthetic or zoned aesthetics. In the instance of one consistent aesthetic, the colors selected will have to be sensitive to each architectural style and era in the fairgrounds.

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Colors typical for each architectural style present on the fairgrounds can be found on their Architectural Style page. Using these as a reference, the colors to the right form one suggested color palette of sensitive colors for each era while remaining compatible regardless of combination or use. These colors are all from Sherwin-Williams, specifically their Interior and Exterior Preservation Palettes. A cream or offwhite is an excellent neutral that works across several decades of architectural styles. The buildings of the 1920s and 1930s may have used a dark red-orange on buildings, which also corresponds with clay tile roof options. The Art Deco era used richer colors such as teal, blue, or chartreuse. Mid-Century took a lighter and brighter tone to Art Deco Colors.

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Design Guidelines

General Color Palette Guidelines â&#x20AC;˘ Determine whether the State Fairgrounds will have one consistent color scheme or color schemes dependent on zones â&#x20AC;˘ If desired, historic finish analysis could be used to determine early period paint colors. Historic photographs may provide some clues, but the orthochromatic film used between the 1890s and the 1920s did not register colors realistically (e.g. dark blue-green might appear as white and pale pink might appear as black).

Similar to existing green used across the State Fairgrounds.

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Architectural Styles - Colonial Revival Design Guidelines

GENERAL INFORMATION Associated Time Period: 1880-1955 Typical Identifiable Characteristics: Re c t a n g u l a r v o l u m e , t w o - s t o r i e s , symmetrical with central door, covered entry porch, simple hipped or gable roof, use of pilasters or columns Examples on the State Fairgrounds: Administration Building Sample Colors:

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Common Materials: Brick, wood

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The massing of this style was often simple with a rectangular volume sometimes ornamented with a second-floor balcony or covered entry. Masonry work was kept very simple, often using just a running or common bond. Columns and pilasters were often used to give verticality to these buildings. Roof eaves were often shallow, but could include brackets underneath. Windows could be individual double hung or paired. Sometimes Palladian windows or arched transoms were included.

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Historic Building Guidelines Design Guidelines

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2. Openings 2.1 - Restore historic fenestration, if possible. 2.2 - Historic windows should be repaired and maintained, where possible, adding storm windows for enhanced efficiency. 2.3 - If historic windows must be replaced, new windows should match the size, design, and composition of the historic windows. 2.4 - Consider replacing unsympathetic replacement windows with historically sensitive versions. 2.5 - Uncover or replace clerestory windows where appropriate. 2.6 - Avoid reflective or dark-colored window tinting. 2.7 - Maintain historic doors in place where possible. 2.8 - Consider replacing unsympathetic replacement doors with historically sensitive versions.

3. Materials 3.1 - All masonry repairs, replacement, and repointing should use compatible materials to provide durable repairs. 3.2 - If water infiltration is found, locate the source of the leak and make appropriate repairs as soon as possible. 3.3 - Clean masonry and other materials using the gentlest means possible; avoid destructive cleaning like sandblasting, which destroys brick and creates expensive problems. 3.4 - Consider installing new roofing reflecting the design of historic roofing material on visible roof surfaces. 3.5 - Consider high-albedo roofing on all roof surfaces to reduce solar heat gain.

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4. Additions 4.1 - All attached fixtures (lighting, signs, etc.) should be sensitive to the historic fabric and surrounding context. 4.2 - Alterations should not destroy, damage, or obscure character-defining features. 4.3 - Design additions to be compatible, yet contemporary, respecting the proportions and materials of the historic building without copying the original building. 4.4 - Additions should be located on secondary elevations and should not overwhelm the original building. 4.5 - Use similar proportions and scale of massing and openings as found on the original building.

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Indiana State Fairgrounds Design Guidelines

Non-Historic Building Guidelines Design Guidelines

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1. General 1.1 - Stewardship of historic resources should be the guiding principle behind all treatments. 1.2 - Alterations made during the propertyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s period of significance may have achieved significance in their own right. 1.3 - All public facilities should provide equitable access to users complying with all applicable codes and laws. 1.4 - All projects should be documented and archived for future reference. 1.5 - Consider what will eventually become thought of as character-defining features and consider these elements when making alterations. 2. Openings 2.1 - Keep windows and doors clean and repaired to prevent water infiltration. 2.2 - Be considerate of changing the rhythm of openings and how it affects the design intent of the building.

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3. Materials 3.1 - Do not defer maintenance; materials should be kept clean and repaired as needed. 3.2 - If water infiltration is found, locate the source of the leak and make appropriate repairs as soon as possible.

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Utilitarian Building Guidelines Design Guidelines

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1. General 1.1 - Consider how these buildings fit within the larger context of the fairgrounds. Assess which buildings can remain temporary structures and which could be better accommodated in more permanent facilities. Visitor experience and public/private access should be incorporated into these decisions. 1.2 - All public facilities should provide equitable access to users complying with all applicable codes and laws. 1.3 - All projects should be documented and archived for future reference. 1.4 - All Utilitarian buildings have a low significance either due to construction type or program. This means there may be is greater design flexibility with these structures, but alterations should remain sensitive to the historic context of the campus. 2. Openings 2.1 - Keep windows and doors clean and repaired to prevent water infiltration.

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4. Additions 4.1 - All attached fixtures (lighting, signs, etc.) should be sensitive to the historic context of the campus.

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Indiana State Fairgrounds Design Guidelines

New Construction Guidelines Design Guidelines

1. General 1.1 - Consider how each building fits within the larger context of the Fairgrounds. Assess which architectural cues can be taken from adjacent buildings and what common themes can inform the new building’s design. 1.2 - Be mindful of how the new building’s position on the site can create opportunities for landscape integration. This includes spacing between buildings and how people and vehicles circulate the site.

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2. Openings 2.1 - Consider large scale historic patterns when designing the openings of a new addition or building. Look at the ratio of openings to solid facade in historic structures. 2.2 - Use similar scale and proportion of windows and doors that are found in adjacent structures. Details like muntin and sash thickness, size and number of lites, sill treatments, reflectivity of glass, and patterning on solid surfaces should all be considered.

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3. Exterior Materials 3.1 - Use compatible materials and patterning to those buildings adjacent to the new construction; consider type, color, scale, texture, and location of use.

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4. Design 4.1 - Maintain a proportion and scale of massing that is compatible with surrounding context. Break up long facades by creating varying depths and facade compositions. 4.2 - Do not mimic designs from historic periods or directly copy architectural details from other buildings. 4.3 - Create additions that do not excessively impact the original fabric of the building; consider that additions may be removed in the future. 4.4 - The relationship between building and street is important when designing along the Fairgrounds’ internal boulevards and streets. New infill should match the setback of historic buildings along the main boulevards. 4.5 - Design for pedestrians; the ground level in particular should include high quality materials, design features that break up long facades, and opportunities to view inside or outside activities.

This infill building respects the massing, roof line, and exterior materials of the adjacent historic buildings while clearly reflecting its own time in architectural style and the introduction of compatible contemporary materials.

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Historic Resource Assessment

• • • • • •

Historic Non-Historic Utilitarian Circulation Event Space Designed Landscape

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This appendix includes information on individual buildings and site features including images, brief histories, identified character-defining features, and specific recommendations. Each building has been given a number and each site feature a letter that can be found on the reference map on the following pages. Numbers in parentheses next to the resource name refers to numbering on the 2008 Facility Map. These resources are divided into the following categories:

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Referenced recommendation numbers with each building correlate with the guideline number in the appropriate section. The significance of each feature has been assessed within the context of the entire State Fairgrounds site.

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Appendix A Table of Contents Historic Resource Assessment

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64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100 102 104 106

Site Feature Assessments Circulation A: Fall Creek Parkway Gate C: Half Mile Track D: Southeast Walk Tunnel E: Southwest Walk Tunnel F: 38th Street Gate H: West Drive Tunnel I: Covered Bridge Q: Northwest Walk Tunnel S: 42nd Street Gate T: Northeast Walk Tunnel U: Pioneer Village Gateway X: East Drive Tunnel Y: Fall Creek Parkway Tunnel AD: Boy Scout Bridge AF: Infield Parking AG: Sky Ride AH: State Fair Boulevard Event Space B: Track of Champions L: Stage N: DNR Fish Pond O: DNR Amphitheater W: Go-Kart Track Z: Grandstand Plaza AB: Little Hands on the Farm AC: Family Fun Park Designed Landscape G: Brickyard Turn 4 Gardens J: Retention Pond K: Celebration Park M: Butterfly Garden P: Crossroads Plaza by INDOT R: Covered Shuttle Stop V: Pathway to Water Quality AA: Indiana History Train AE: Scouts Garden

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Reference Map Building Assessments Historic 1: Public Safety Center 2: Communications Building 3: Swine Barn 5: Champions Pavilion 6: Blue Ribbon Pavilion 7: Grand Hall 8: Coliseum 10: South Pavilion 12: Administration Building 13: West Pavilion 14: Harvest Pavilion 15: Indiana Arts Building 16: Hooks Drug Store 17: Exposition Hall 18: Southwest Pavilion 19: Northwest Pavilion 20: Agriculture Horticulture 22-24: 4-H Complex 25: DNR Building 33: Farm Bureau Building 37: Normandy Barn 41: Speed Barns Non-Historic 4: Grandstand 9: Youth Pavilion 11: Dairy Barn 34: Glass Barn Utilitarian 21: Storage Building 26: State Fair Cafe and Bakery 27: Indiana Young Farmers 28: FFA Pavilion 29: Vehicle Maintenance Facility 30: Girl Scouts of Central IN 31: North Restrooms 32: Storage Building 35: Mac Reynolds Barn 36: Greenhouse 38: Pioneer Village Building 39: Pioneer Village Opry House 40: Pioneer Village Repair Shop 41: Northeast Restrooms 42: Transportation Center

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108 110 111 112 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128

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130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164

Reference Map Building and Site Feature Information

BUILDINGS

30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43

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Public Safety Center (44) Communications Building (41) Swine Barn (45) Grandstand (39) Champions Pavilion (46) Blue Ribbon Pavilion (47) Grand Hall (38) Coliseum (48) Youth Pavilion (49) South Pavilion (50) Dairy Bar (37) Administration Building (36) West Pavilion (51) Harvest Pavilion (35) Indiana Arts Building (52) Hookâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Drug Store (53) Exposition Hall (54) Southwest Pavilion (55) Northwest Pavilion (57) Agriculture Horticulture Building (33) Storage Building (1) Centennial Hall (2) 4-H Exhibit Hall (3) Discovery Hall (62) DNR Building (7) State Fair Cafe and Bakery (10) Indiana Young Farmers Building (11) FFA Pavilion (12) Vehicle Maintenance Facility (66) Girl Scouts of Central Indiana North Restrooms Storage Building (16) Farm Bureau Building (17) Glass Barn Mac Reynolds Barn (60) Greenhouse (59) Normandy Barn (58) Pioneer Village Main Building (19) Pioneer Village Opry House (20) Pioneer Village Repair Shop (67) Northeast Restrooms Transportation Center (24) Speed Barns (27 and 42)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

14 12 11 7

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Indianapolis, Indiana

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Reference Map Building and Site Feature Information

SITE FEATURES

38 39 U

33 34 35

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41 AD

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Fall Creek Parkway Gate Track of Champions Half Mile Track Southeast Walk Tunnel (30) Southwest Walk Tunnel (31) 38th Street Gate Brickyard Turn 4 Gardens (34) West Drive Tunnel (29) Indiana State Fair Covered Bridge (63) Retention Pond (32) Celebration Park (4) Stage (5) Butterfly Garden (6) DNR Fish Ponds (8) DNR Amphitheater (9) Crossroads Plaza by INDOT (13) Northwest Walk Tunnel (31) Covered Shuttle Stop (18) 42nd Street Gate Northeast Walk Tunnel (30) Pioneer Village Gateway Pathway to Water Quality (28) Go-Kart Track (25) East Drive Tunnel (29) Fall Creek Parkway Tunnel Grandstand Plaza Indiana History Train (22) Little Hands on the Farm (23) Family Fun Park (26) Boy Scout Bridge Scouts Garden Infield Parking Sky Ride State Fair Boulevard

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Indiana State Fairgrounds Design Guidelines

Public Safety Center (44) Building and Site Feature Information

GENERAL INFORMATION Name: Public Safety Center Historic Names: Emergency Services Building, Operations Center Construction Date: 1952-1953 Architect: Burns & Burns, Indianapolis Architectural Style: Modern Vernacular Significance: Low-Medium

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Category: Historic

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Other Names: N/A

BRIEF HISTORY

Service Building north facade, c. 1953

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The Public Safety Center, originally known as the Emergency Services Building, is reinforced concrete with brick veneer and stands on the site of a historic mule barn that burned in 1951. The building was built to house fair time operations and emergency management needs, such as the Red Cross Hospital, Indiana State Police, and Indianapolis Fire Department, but also held a cafeteria on the second floor and traffic office on the first. With all these services now in a single building, some of the smaller buildings that were occupied by these groups were demolished. A portion of the building on the east end was also designated as permanent residence for the superintendent of the grounds and buildings. The architecture firm of Wright, Porteous & Lowe completed repairs and alterations in 1966. Though considered historic because of its age, the building is less architecturally significant than the Fairgroundsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; other buildings from the Modern period.

Burns & Burns north and south elevation drawings, 1952

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Public Safety Center (44) Building and Site Feature Information

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Architectural rendering by Burns & Burns, 1952

CHARACTER DEFINING FEATURES • Fenestration • Brick pattern • Historic aluminum windows • Wood siding • Roof form

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RECOMMENDATIONS • Continue regular maintenance

1.1 1.3 1.4 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.6 2.7 2.8 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.5 4.1

Indiana State Fairgrounds Design Guidelines

Communications Building (41) Building and Site Feature Information

GENERAL INFORMATION Name: Communication Building Historic Names: State Fair Radio Center Other Names: Paddock Architect: C. Daniel J. Zimmerman, Inc. Architectural Style: Art Deco Significance: High

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Category: Historic

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Construction Date: 1947

BRIEF HISTORY

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Now known as the Communications Building, the State Fair Radio Center was the first building built on the fairgrounds after World War II. It was designed to house offices, radio and television studios, press room, printing and photography lab facilities, conference rooms on the second floor above a first-floor paddock area for harness racing horses and public restrooms. The roof was used for radio and television broadcasting during the fair. Carved limestone medallions depicting radio broadcasting and harness racing relate to the medallions on earlier buildings. The use of buff brick limestone and glass block related to the design of earlier buildings nearby. Improvements have been concentrated in the interior, including floor installation in the Paddocck in 2001, the addition of an elevator in 2006, new HVAC units in 2011 and 2012, and boiler and chiller replacements in 2015. A masonry restoration project was undertaken in 2017.

Indianapolis, Indiana

West facade of Communication Building, 1948

C. Daniel J. Zimmerman south elevation drawing, 1943

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Communications Building (41) Building and Site Feature Information

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HISTORIC

CHARACTER DEFINING FEATURES • Brick pattern • Medallions • Flag poles • Glass block • Historic fenestration • Historic steel sash windows • Historic curved aluminum canopies • Roof form

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RECOMMENDATIONS • Continue regular maintenance • Consider adding flags • Remove unsympathetic window awning • Consider returning historic archways to original condition; replace insensitive garage doors with compatible versions

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Indiana State Fairgrounds Design Guidelines

Swine Barn (45) Building and Site Feature Information

GENERAL INFORMATION Name: Swine Barn Historic Names: Swine Barn Other Names: Fall Creek Pavilion Architect: Kopf & Wooling, Indianapolis (1923); Robert Frost Daggett (1947 addition) Architectural Style: Renaissance Revival, Arts and Crafts Significance: High

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Category: Historic

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Construction Date: 1923, 1947

BRIEF HISTORY

North facade of the Swine Barn, c. 1923

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The brick and steel Swine Barn was built to replace the original 1912 wooden Swine Pavilion. Instead of being completely demolished, portions of the previous structure were moved to new locations and reused as temporary facilities and open pavilions.

Since its construction, the Swine Barn has undergone multiple repair projects and one addition to provide more storage space, stalls, and a show ring. Popular fair events hosted in the space have included the Pork Queen Contest, Hog Calling Contest, 4-H Dog and Obedience Show, and Husband Calling Contest. Recent projects include repointing and new coping in 1999, electrical upgrade and column repair in 2003, repairs to the apartment and loading dock in 2005, repointing of the north wall in 2007, restroom upgrade and replacement lintels in 2009, and additional repointing in 2015.

Indianapolis, Indiana

Swine Barn under construction, c. 1923

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Swine Barn (45) Building and Site Feature Information

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HISTORIC

CHARACTER DEFINING FEATURES • Brick pattern • Fenestration • Tile • Medallions • Keystones • Clerestory windows • Roof form

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RECOMMENDATIONS • Continue regular maintenance • Consider reinstalling flagpoles • Uncover clerestory glazing • Consider reopening original window and door masonry openings • Repoint areas that have been inappropriately treated

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 3.1 3.2 3.3 4.1

Indiana State Fairgrounds Design Guidelines

Champions Pavilion (46) Building and Site Feature Information

GENERAL INFORMATION Name: Champions Pavilion Historic Names: Draft Horse Barn Construction Date: 1922 (west wing), 1974, 2004 Architect: Kopf & Wooling, Indianapolis (1922); Merrill Jones & Associates (1974); American Consulting (2004) Architectural Style: Renaissance Revival (west wing), Post Modern

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Significance: High (west wing only), Low

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Other Names: East Pavilion

Category: Historic (west wing only), NonHistoric BRIEF HISTORY

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The original Draft Horse Barn was built in 1922 to replace a previous horse barn that had burned. In addition to hosting nationallyrecognized draft horse shows, including the National Percheron Show and Hoosier Horse Fair & Expo, the building held many other events such as the Indianapolis Boat, Sport & Travel Show.

North and west facades of the Draft Horse Barn, 1926

The Champions Pavilion has been nearly completely demolished and rebuilt twice since 1922. All but the west dormitory wing was razed in 1974 to rebuild the exhibit hall. The new building of brick and aluminum siding was finished in 1975 then demolished in 2002 as a part of the Fairgroundsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; 2000 Capital Improvement Plan. The west wing was again retained as a new facility was completed in 2004. Designed to be compatible with the newly renovated Blue Ribbon Pavilion (Sheep Barn), the addition included 66,500 square feet of new exhibit space and a walkway connecting the two buildings. Other features include meeting spaces, loading dock, and permanent concession space. 70

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Champions Pavilion (46) Building and Site Feature Information

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HISTORIC

CHARACTER DEFINING FEATURES • Historic brick • Medallions

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RECOMMENDATIONS • Continue regular maintenance • Consider reopening original window and door masonry openings • Consider creating a designed landscape along the north to make the space more inviting • Consider adding flag poles

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Indiana State Fairgrounds Design Guidelines

Blue Ribbon Pavilion (47) Building and Site Feature Information

GENERAL INFORMATION Name: Blue Ribbon Pavilion Historic Names: Sheep Barn Other Names: N/A Architect: Kopf & Wooling, Indianapolis (1924); C. Daniel J. Zimmerman, Inc. (1946 remodeling); Burns & Burns (1954 addition); United Consulting (1999 remodeling) Architectural Style: Renaissance Revival, Modern, Post Modern

Category: Historic, Non-Historic BRIEF HISTORY

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Significance: Medium (east and west elevations), Low (north and south elevations)

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Construction Date: 1924, 1946, 1954, 1999

West facade of Sheep Barn, 1925

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Originally built in 1924, the Sheep Building has undergone multiple additions and alterations. The steel and brick building was initially designed with open sides and clerestor y windows. It was then renovated in 1946 and a west addition with stalls, a wool showroom, and dormitory space was added to the west side in 1954. A new facility addition was attached to the south facade in 1999 as a part of the 2000 Capital Improvement Plan. Improvements to the south towers and lobby were completed in 2006 and lights were upgraded in 2007. Some of the events held in the space have included the “Make It With Wool Style Show” and Sheep Shearing Contests.

Indianapolis, Indiana

Blue Ribbon Pavilion (47) Building and Site Feature Information

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HISTORIC

CHARACTER DEFINING FEATURES • Masonry • Medallions • Material change between first and second floors • Flag poles • Roof form

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RECOMMENDATIONS • Continue regular maintenance • Consider reopening original window and door masonry openings • For the spaces between the buildings, think about who is using these thoroughfares and how they can be better designed to signify their purpose, i.e., is the space for pedestrians, staff vehicles, etc.

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Indiana State Fairgrounds Design Guidelines

Grand Hall (38) Building and Site Feature Information

GENERAL INFORMATION Name: Grand Hall Historic Names: Indiana University Building Other Names: Universities Building East, Lincoln Theater

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Construction Date: 1932 Architect: Kopf & Deery Architectural Style: Art Deco Significance: High

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Category: Historic

BRIEF HISTORY

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When it opened as the Indiana University Building in 1932, the Grand Hall featured a 625-seat auditorium to house motion pictures and stage shows. Events at buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s first fair, included talking pictures, concert music, instrumental and vocal solos, and scientific demonstrations. During World War II, the Army Air Corps used the building as a classroom and lecture hall.

Aerial view of the Indiana University Building, 1940

After the war, an Indiana University studentrun newspaper covering fair events was published from the building. It was renamed to Universities Building East in 1968 and opened up to other universities and colleges to display exhibits. The building was remodeled in 1972 and housed a traveling exhibit on Abraham Lincoln. The auditorium has hosted numerous live and broadcast shows since its construction, except for the period 1994-1999, when a leaking roof and inadequate funding for repairs forced its closure. The facility was renovated in 2000.

Indianapolis, Indiana

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Grand Hall (38) Building and Site Feature Information

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HISTORIC

CHARACTER DEFINING FEATURES • Brick • Limestone trim • Flag poles • Copper downspouts and conductor heads • Roof form

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RECOMMENDATIONS • Continue regular maintenance • Consider reopening original window and door masonry openings • Assess parapet and make repairs to fix displacement • Consider redesigning the canopy to be more sympathetic to the historic facade

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Indiana State Fairgrounds Design Guidelines

Coliseum (48) Building and Site Feature Information

GENERAL INFORMATION Name: Coliseum Historic Names: Livestock Pavilion Construction Date: 1938-1939, 1959, 1963, 2011-2014 Architect: Willliam E. Russ & Merritt Harrison (1938-1939); C. Daniel. J. Zimmerman (1959); Merritt Harrison (1963); Browning Day Mullins Deardorf (2012-2014) Architectural Style: Art Deco

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Significance: High

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Other Names: N/A

Category: Historic

BRIEF HISTORY

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The Coliseum replaced the Livestock Pavilion (1907, Rubush & Hunter, architects) and remains the State Fairgrounds’ largest indoor venue. It was part of a wave of Art Deco style buildings built during the 1930s and was set apart from earlier buildings by the use of buff brick.

North and east facades of original 1907 Livestock Pavilion

Since its construction, the Coliseum has been home to the Indiana Ice hockey team and Indiana’s largest and oldest public ice skating rink, along with exhibitions, rodeos, circuses, concerts, political rallies, and many more events. It has also undergone multiple building alterations including, a partial reconstruction in 1963 after a deadly explosion, the addition of an outdoor arena in 1972, seating and canopy replacement and locker room upgrades in 1998, a new roof and installation of seats from the RCA Dome in 1999, a new roof in 2010 and a 2011-2014 rehabilitation. In 2015 the entrance plaza and infield walk tunnel were renovated.

Indianapolis, Indiana

North and east facades of the Coliseum, 1940

Coliseum (48) Building and Site Feature Information

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HISTORIC

CHARACTER DEFINING FEATURES • Masonry • Glass block • Steel sash windows • Canopy • Conductor heads and downspouts • Roof form

RATIO Architects, Inc.

RECOMMENDATIONS • Continue regular maintenance • For the spaces between the buildings, think about who is using these thoroughfares and how they can be better designed to signify their purpose (e.g.: is the space for pedestrians, staff vehicles) • Assess roof and replace with high-albedo material

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Indiana State Fairgrounds Design Guidelines