IMMEDIATE CAUSES SOCIETY
STATE
COMPANIES
SCHOOLS
• Economic recession in Southern Europe and few vacancies • Changing volatile labor market • Increasingly multicultural workforce • Worrying school drop-out rate
• Lack of appropriate child and elderly care • Lack of effective public employment policies and services (at least in Southern Europe) • Bureaucracy and difficult tax regulations for would be entrepreneurs • In some countries inappropriate legal forms for innovative entrepreneurs • Lack of holistic services for entrepreneurs across the lifecycle of the enterprise – from creation to scale up, failure and recovery • Untapped skills and expertise from senior population
• Prejudice of employers • Lack of recognition of foreign certificates • Lack of flexible contracts and poor social protection • Untapped skills and expertise from senior population
• Exam-based education system • Lack of creativity boosting approach in classes • Lack of personal development in curricula leading to low self-esteem • Lack of role models in the immediate environment • Disconnection with the business sector • Mismatch between new professions/positions and university degrees (supply and demand mismatch) • Scarce legal framework for internships • Insufficient guidance & coaching • Lack of self employment trainings
LACK OF COMPETENCES / SKILLS • Insufficient key competencies and skills (communication in the national language, learning to learn, interpersonal, intercultural and social competences, sense of initiative and entrepreneurship, cultural awareness and expression) • Insufficient vocational competencies • Lack of job application skills • Scarce employability among youth
UNEMPLOYED PEOPLE BANKS
• Lack of access to equal opportunities • Scarce job matching support • Lack of social capital - connections, networks, family members • Scarce self-employement and entrepreneurship support • Lack of cultural openness to various possibilities for new activities • Lack of local language knowledge • Lack of information on the administrative procedures • Lack of cultural integration and adjustment
• Lack of access to finance for would-be entrepreneurs (extra-familial farmers included)
CORE PROBLEM LONG TERM
UNEMPLOYMENT insolvent entrepreneurs single parents NEETS drop-outs older workers ex-prisoners homeless refugees migrants handicapped
ECONOMIC RECESSION (in Southern Europe)
IMMEDIATE EFFECTS CRIME Downwards spiral of frustration & dependence
ILLEGAL BUSINESS ALCOHOL & DRUGS
LACK OF SOCIAL COHESION
Stress on family & relations Loss of self-respect
ISOLATION
SOCIAL EXCLUSION
Deteriorated mental & physical wellbeing Loss of skills Stigma & discrimination
REDUCED EMPLOYABILITY
Low income Lack of access to equal opportunities
SOCIAL INEQUALITY
POVERTY
Direct public costs of unemployment
HIGHER SOCIETAL COSTS
Over indebtness Negative long-term effect on pensions With the support of the