Position Paper on Hydrogen Economy

Page 131

POSITION PAPER ON HYDROGEN ECONOMY

REFERENCES Abdul Rahman Mohamed and Lee, K. T. 2004. Energy Policy for Sustainable Development in Malaysia. The Joint International Conference on “Sustainable Energy and Environment (SEE)”. Hua Hin, Thailand. 1-3 December 2004. pp. 940–944. Abu Bakar Jaafar 2019. Renewable Ocean Thermal Energy-Driven Development for Sustainability. The Ingeniuer. 77:26– 30 Academy of Sciences Malaysia (2020), 10-10 Malaysian Science, Technology, Innovation and Economy (MySTIE) Framework: Trailblazing the Way for Prosperity, Societal Well-Being & Global Competitiveness, ASM. Agnolucci, P. and McDowall, W. 2013. Designing future hydrogen infrastructure: Insights from analysis at different spatial scales. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 38(13):5181–5191 Ahmad, N.A. and Abdul-Ghani, A.A. 2011. Towards Sustainable Development in Malaysia: In the Perspective of Energy Security for Buildings. Procedia Engineering. 20: 222–229. Air Liquide. 2014. Air Liquide plans network of new hydrogen filling stations in the United States. https://www.airliquide. com/media/air-liquide-plans-network-new-hydrogen-filling-stations-united-states. [30 November 2011]. Ajanovic, A. 2008. On the economics of hydrogen from renewable energy sources as an alternative fuel in transport sector in Austria. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 33(16):4223-4234. Akorede, M.F., Hizam, H., and Ya’acob, M.E. 2012. Enhancing the Solar Energy Potential in Malaysia using the Concentrated Photovoltaic (CPV) Technology. Retrieved from https://connect.innovateuk.org/documents/3166454/3674505/ Mudathir+Funsho+Akorede.pdf/1b00ca6a-3e2f-480d-ad14-9171b3a46397. [30 November 2011]. Amir Hakim Omar. 2013. Executive brief: Malaysia Oil Refinery in Pahang, MALAYSIA. Retrieved from http://www. malaysiaoilrefinery.com/company-profile/executive-brief. [30 November 2011]. Anon. 2005. Energy Policies of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur: Ministry of Energy, Water and Communications of Malaysia. Anon. 2008. The Impact of Increased Use of Hydrogen on Petroleum Consumption and Carbon Dioxide Emissions. Energy Information Administration, Office of Integrated Analysis and Forecasting, Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels, U.S. Department of Energy. Washington, DC https://www.eia.gov/analysis/requests/2008/ sroiaf%282008%2904.pdf. [23 July 2020]. Anon. 2012. Carbon Capture and Storage. Center for Climate and Energy Solution. http://www.c2es.org/technology/ factsheet/CCS. [30 November 2011]. Anon. 2019. Malaysia tenders 500MW of grid-connected solar projects. Asian Power. 20 February 2019. https://asian111


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REFERENCES

8min
pages 131-139

5.0 CONCLUSIONS

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Figure 61: 8i Ecosystem Analysis (ASM, 2020

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Figure 59: National Niche Areas across 10 socio-economic drivers (ASM, 2020

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Figure 58: 10-10 MySTIE Framework (source: ASM (2020

1min
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4.3 13th & 14th Malaysia Plans 2026-2035 (Medium Term

5min
pages 105-110

4.4 15th, 16th, 17th & 18th Malaysia Plans 2036-2050 (Long Term

3min
pages 111-115

4.2 12th Malaysia Plan 2021-2025 (Short Term

4min
pages 101-104

Figure 56: Hydrogen Roadmap in 2020

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4.1.4 Strategy Recommendations - Hydrogen Economy Roadmap 2020

2min
pages 98-99

4.1.3 Barriers of Transition to Hydrogen Economy

2min
page 97

4.1.2 Potential for Malaysia to become a pioneering country in Hydrogen Economy

2min
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4.1.1 Malaysian Hydrogen Economy Roadmap

2min
page 95

Figure 54: Average Solar Irradiance, kWh/m2/day

1min
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Figure 52: Number of NGV Stations by States

3min
pages 81-82

Figure 55: Malaysia’s Hydrogen Roadmap 2006

9min
pages 87-93

Figure 53: Solar Irradiance Map of Malaysia

1min
page 83

Figure 50: Map of Hydrogen Refueling Stations in Asia

4min
pages 78-79

Figure 49: Cost of Green Hydrogen from Zero Carbon Renewable Energy

1min
page 76

Figure 46: Schematic of a Microbial Fuel Cell

1min
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Figure 42: Hydrogen Production from Microbial Electrolysis Cell

5min
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Figure 44: Schematics of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

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Figure 41: Hydrogen Production from Direct and Indirect Bio-photolysis

1min
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Figure 45: Schematics of a Direct Methanol Fuel Cell

2min
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Figure 40: Basic Principles of PEC

1min
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Figure 39: Layout of a Solid Oxide Electrolysis System

1min
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Figure 38: Schematic Diagram of a PEM electrolysis system

1min
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1. INTRODUCTION

5min
pages 22-25

Figure 22: Net Energy Metering (NEM) by Region

1min
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Figure 35: Layout of alkaline electrolysis for AEL

1min
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Figure 18: Malaysia’s petroleum production and consumption 2002-1016 (thousand barrels per day

1min
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Figure 15: ASEAN Fossil Oil Reserve 2017 (Mtoe

1min
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Figure 31: The Hydrogen Economy

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Figure 19: Natural gas resources and consumption by region, 2013

1min
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3.2 Hydrogen Production and Storage Technology

1min
page 56
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