Ramallah Rehabilitation manual (arabic) by Asociacion Rehabimed

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This project has been made possible with the support from the European Union (EU) ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƚŚĞ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ŽŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ /ŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ĂƐƚĞƌŶ WĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉ ƵůƚƵƌĞ WƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞ ; ƵƌŽƉĞĂŶ EĞŝŐŚďŽƵƌŚŽŽĚ WĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉ /ŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚͿ͘ ŽŶƐŽƌƟƵŵ Η Heritage for DevelopmentΗ͗ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĨŽƌ ƵůƚƵƌĂů ,ĞƌŝƚĂŐĞ WƌĞƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ͕ ŝƌĞĐƚŽƌ͗ /ƐƐĂŵ :ƵŚĂ ZĞŚĂďŝŵĞĚ ƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶ͕ ŝƌĞĐƚŽƌ͗ yĂǀŝĞƌ ĂƐĂŶŽǀĂƐ ƵůƚƵƌĂů dĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ ʹ ƵůƚĞĐŚ͕ ŝƌĞĐƚŽƌ͗ dĂůĂů ŬĂƐŚĞŚ Z/t Y͕ ŝƌĞĐƚŽƌƐ͗ <ŚĂůĚƵŶ ƐŚĂƌĂ ĂŶĚ &ŝĚĂ dŽƵŵĂ WƌŽũĞĐƚ ŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƟŽŶ͗ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĨŽƌ ƵůƚƵƌĂů ,ĞƌŝƚĂŐĞ WƌĞƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ͕ EĂĚĂ ƚƌĂƐŚ

dŚŝƐ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ǁĂƐ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĞĚ ďǇ dŚĞ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĨŽƌ ƵůƚƵƌĂů ,ĞƌŝƚĂŐĞ WƌĞƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ŝŶ ĞƚŚůĞŚĞŵ ; ,WͿ͕ ŝŶ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉ ǁŝƚŚ ZĞŚĂďŝŵĞĚͲ ƚŚĞ ƚĞĐŚŶŝĐĂů ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ͕ Z/t Y͕ ĂŶĚ ƵůƚĞĐŚ͕ ŝŶ ĐŽŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ĞƚŚůĞŚĞŵ͕ ZĂŵĂůůĂŚ͕ ĂŶĚ 'ƌĞĂƚĞƌ ^Ăůƚ DƵŶŝĐŝƉĂů ĐŽƵŶĐŝůƐ͘ dŚŝƐ DĂŶƵĂů ǁĂƐ ƐƉŽŶƐŽƌĞĚ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƚŚĞ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ /ŶƐƚƌƵͲ ŵĞŶƚ͗ ĂƉĂĐŝƚǇ ƵŝůĚŝŶŐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐ ŝƟĞƐ͘ dŚŝƐ ŵĂŶƵĂů ǁĂƐ ƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĚ ďǇ Z/t Y͘ /ƚ ǁĂƐ ƉƌŝŶƚĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ŽĨ ƵƌŽƉĞĂŶ hŶŝŽŶ͘ Z/t Y ŝƐ ƐŽůĞůǇ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďůĞ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŶƚĞŶƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŵĂŶƵĂů͘ dŚĞ ŵĂƚĞƌŝĂů ĂŶĚ ŽƉŝŶŝŽŶƐ ĚŽ ŶŽƚ ŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌŝůǇ ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚ ƚŚĞ ĚŽŶŽƌ͛Ɛ ŽƉŝŶŝŽŶƐ͘

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n£~z D* (bA ¥Hx D* ¤sJ4bgD* n£~z D* ]£ ~8 ¢ < ,4Hbm D* fJ4b E £~8b - -b£: ¤A pJ Ñ* *4 ¤A ¥]£ gD* f J] D ¥4b D* ¤ p D* n£~z D* b )*x.(° b pDb+ ,xJ]/ f £~zcD* b £FbcEH f£sJ4bgD* iÉ£g gD* &* b C f£DbpD* ]/¡- ° 2b - ¤=*x D* b J¡ - ¤A ib£Db mD* E bK <¡F z f J] D fjJ]pD* $b£0&°* ¤A ¤sJ4bgD* n£~z D ¤DbpD* ~9¡D* ££ fF4b D* É1 EH )b D* ~9¡ D ¤)]c D* £ pgD* E £cgJ x D* E kDbjD* ] D* ibJb F ¤A ¤sJ4bgD* n£~z D* fDb0 E ¤sJ4bgD* yCx D* f£ + ¤A ~|0 ]B *K x£cC *K x£ - &* Jx~{ D* ¢ < bK £c ~6 x.&* ¥wD* xE&°* ¤Fbc D*H n£~z D* I¡g~zE ¢ < f_ Db+ ϱϬ < - ° fc~z + ¥]£ gD* n£~z D* Eb -H fDb~8&* n£~z D* E x£cC $y/ *x~z1 É1 E D3 z F* ]BH + ,]J]/ bcE $b +H fjJ]0 4*¡~7 ~7 ¢D(* fAb~9(* :b E ¤A ])b~zD* d£CxgD*H D* x£ - ¢D(* bJ2&* m0H bK £sJ4b- bK F z - ] - A ¤sJ4bgD* yCx D* E ,2] gE £A f gs D* i*xg D* z J ÉK £~8&*H bK ~6b gE b Db~|-b+ f£sJ4bgD* ¤Fbc D* ~{- J¡ gD* ¤A @@ Eb gD* b -bF¡ + f£sJ4bgD* f@@ D ¥]£ gD* ¥4b D* n£~z D* < ~| E ~{+ x J ¥wD* fAbC f£=*x D*H f@@ J4b D* f£sJ4bgD* f D* £pE ¤A x~{g - ¤gD* fjJ]pD* ¤Fbc D* ¤D*¡0 ]@@ A k£0 Eb gE x@@ £= ¤@@ DbpD* n@@ £~z D* x@@ cg JH ϱϱϮ ~8&* E ¢ cE Ϯϲϭ f£sJ4bgD* £FbcE 2]< @@ ~|F ϭϵϱϮ b D* w@@ E f £c D* g0b~zE @@ E f_ Db+ ϯϬ ¤@@ D*¡0H s sE ¤DbpD* d£CxgDbA C%b@ @gDb+ x g~zE ¡GH %°* ¢@@ D(* f J] D* ,] cD* E 7*¡0&*

‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا‬

ϮϮ

2 тАл╪зя╗Яя║Шя╗Д┘А┘Ая╗о╪▒ ╪зя╗Яя╗Мя╗дя║о╪зя╗з┘А┘Ая╗▓ я╗Яя╗дя║кя╗│я╗ия║ФтАм

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тАл ┘Ия╗гя║оя╗Ыя║░я╗ля║О ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓тАм$тАл╪▒╪з┘Е ╪зтАм

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тАл╪пя╗Яя╗┤я╗Ю ╪зя╗Яя║дя╗Фя║О╪╕ я╗Ля╗ая╗░ ╪зя╗Яя╗дя║оя╗Ыя║░ ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓ я╗Уя╗▓ ╪▒╪з┘Е ╪зтАм

╧о╧░

┬мxN5glH+ gK G}IL ├Ъ+ ┬б+5 k┬вNb┬ЯH ┬мJ+}┬Я┬НH+ 5┬и┬ЗlH+ ═Ш2 ├С* ┬Ъ*4 f┬П┬А┬ЫE x~|gB* f┬А┬гp┬ШD* f┬гsJ4bgD* i*x@@ ┬Пg~z┬ШD*H ┬Э]┬ШD* ┬ЬE x┬гj┬ТD* z┬Т┬Ж+ ┬ЬE *K $]+ ,x@@ 1&bgE i*xgA ┬в@@ ┬Х< ├С* ┬Ъ*xD f@@ ┬гsJ4bgD* ┬З@@ /*x┬ШD* x@@ C3 f<4yE H&* ,x@@ ┬г┬Й~8 fJx┬ПC 4┬б@@ ┬Ю┬ГDb+ i&*]@@ + ┬Ь┬г0 f@@ ┬гc┬г┬Х~|D* ,x@@ g┬МD* fJx.&┬░* ┬З@@ B*┬б┬ШD* ┬Ь@@ E ]J]┬ЖD* 2┬б@@ /H *w@@ G ┬д@@ ┬М┬ЫJ ┬░H ┬д@@ ┬МJ4 ┬З@@ +b┬А+ ┬Э&* ┬ЭH2 ├С* ┬Ъ*4 ┬д~9*4&* ┬дA f┬П+b~6 i*x@@ gA ┬ЬE exsD* H&* ,x@@ ┬г┬Й~|D* ┬д┬Ш┬г┬ХB(* H&* ┬д┬ХpE ┬Э5H *3 ├ЙK ┬Пg~zE bK Jx~┬ж0 *K yCxE ┬ЗB*┬б┬ШD* ┬У┬Х- ┬Ц┬Т~{ ┬в┬Х< f┬гDbpD* ├С* ┬Ъ*4 ┬д~9*4&* 2H]0 ┬Ц1*2 ,x~{g┬Ы┬ШD* 4b.%┬░* hD2 ]@@ ┬ПA ┬Ь┬ТJ ┬ЩD f┬М┬ХgsE i*xgA ┬ЬE f┬П┬А┬Ы┬ШD* ┬дA x┬ТcE ┬еx~{+ 4*x┬Пg~6* 2┬б/H 6 f┬ШJ]┬ПD* ,]┬ХcD* bGyCxE d┬Х=&┬░* ┬в┬Х< bJ4 ┬б+&* ┬е]J]pD* x~|┬ЖD* ┬Ь@@ E *K 4b.%* i┬бg0* ┬дgD* 6]┬ЖD* f┬Х1 ]@@ ┬Ж-H H&* ┬еyFHxcD* x~|┬ЖD* ┬ЬE ,x┬гcD* ┬дA fF┬б0b┬АD* 6&*4H ╧н╧м @@ 8 ╧н╧╡╧┤╧м x~|┬ЖD* ┬ЬE *K 4b.%* i┬бg0* ┬дgD* ,x┬г┬АD* f+x1H ╧н╧╡╧┤╧м bJ4 ┬б+&* ┬Я@@ ┬ХcB ╧н╧╡╧┤╧м bJ4 ┬б@@ +&* ┬дc┬г┬Х~|D*H ╧о╧м╧м╧о ,4b@@ ~{+H fc┬ЖmD* ┬д@@ ┬АFy┬гcD* ┬вD(* b┬Ю<b/4(* ┬Ь@@ ┬Т┬ШJ ┬дgD* fF*2xD* f+x1H 6 @@ 8 1954 ,4H]@@ B H 5Hx┬гF ┬еy@@ FHxcD*H 11 @@ 8 ╧н╧╡╧┤╧м bJ4 ┬б@@ +&* ┬е]J]pD* x@@ ~|┬ЖD* ├С* ┬Ъ*4 f@@ ┬П┬А┬ЫE ┬дA fJx.&┬░* ┬З@@ B*┬б┬ШD* ┬Щ@@ G&* ┬Ь@@ E 139 @@ 8 ╧о╧м╧м╧░ ex=H ┬Чb@@ ┬Ш~7 f┬ЖB*┬бD* f@@ Jxs~|D* 4┬б@@ c┬ПD* ┬ЬE ]@@ J]┬ЖD* ┬в@@ D(* f@@ Ab~9(* rbc~|E ┬Ь┬г<H ┬Ъ5x┬ТD* ┬б+&* ┬Ь┬г< ,x┬г┬АD*H hJ5x┬г+ ┬РJx: ,]@@ ┬ХcD* bGx┬г=H ┬е]J]pD*H ┬д@@ FbEHxD* b┬Ю┬ШG&* f┬М┬ХgsE 4┬б~|< ┬в@@ D(* 2┬б┬Ж- ┬дgD* ╧о╧м╧м╧о ,4b~{+H fc┬ЖmD*

┬Э4b┬ПE ┬Ц┬г┬Хp-H b┬ЮD f┬ХEb~7 ib0┬б~zE xA┬бg- ┬░ k┬г0 b┬Юg┬г┬ШG&* ]J]p- d┬Ж~|D* ┬ЬE 6

╧о╧│ тАл╪зя╗Яя║Шя╗Дя╗о╪▒ ╪зя╗Яя╗Мя╗дя║о╪зя╗зя╗▓ я╗Яя╗дя║кя╗│я╗ия║Ф ╪▒╪з┘Е ╪з ┘Ия╗гя║оя╗Ыя║░я╗ля║О ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓тАм

f┬гDbpD* ├С* ┬Ъ*4 f┬ЫJ]E 2H]0 ┬дA ┬еx~{cD* 4*x┬Пg~6┬░* tJ4b- f@@ ~6*4]D ┬Б┬гp┬ШD*H "├С* ┬Ъ*4 f@@ ┬ЫJ]E"@+ bK @ @┬гDb0 ┬Оx@@ ┬ЖJ b@@ E ┬Ь@@ ┬г+ ┬Б@@ +xD* d@@ mJ 2┬б/┬б+ f┬А┬гp┬ШD* f@@ ┬П┬А┬Ы┬ШD* ix┬Юg~7* ]┬ПA b┬ЮD┬б0 ┬д@@ ┬Хp┬ШD* ┬дA*x┬ЙmD* 4┬б~|┬ЖD* I]E ┬в┬Х< ┬Э]E i├ЙJH2H ┬Э]┬ШC f┬Ш┬ЮE ,]< fJx~{+ i*x┬Пg~zE ┬д<*4yD* ┬еx~{cD* 4*x┬Пg~6├ЙD ibJ*]+ f┬гDbgD* ┬ЗB*┬б┬ШDb+ b┬ЮDb┬Ш/(* ┬Ь┬Т┬ШJH ┬ЬE fc~|┬ЫD* ┬Ц-H f┬гA┬б┬А┬ЫD* ,4b~┬жpD* ├С* ┬Ъ*4 ex= bc┬П~7 ,4b┬ЙE ┬дA ┬е4*2(┬░* f┬П┬А┬Ы┬ШD* yCx┬ШC ┬е]J]pD* x~|┬ЖD*H ┬ЩJ]┬ПD* ┬еyFHxcD* x~|┬ЖD* fJyFHxcD* ,x@@ g┬МD* ┬дA ┬Ь@@ ┬гg┬г+ f┬П┬А┬ЫE ┬д@@ A ┬ЦgD* f+x1H @@ 6x┬МD* ┬Ъb@@ J&* ┬дA d┬гmD*H bK ~┬жJ&* ┬еy@@ FHxcD* x~|┬ЖD* ┬дA b┬Ю~z┬МF ┬Ь┬гg┬г+H f@@ J]J]pD*H ┬Ц- z┬Х+bFH 6]┬ПD* ┬ЬE ┬ЦC ┬вD(* fAb~9(* ┬е]J]pD*H ┬еyFHxcD* x@@ ~|┬ЖD* ┬дgD* ┬е]J]pD*H ┬еyFHxcD* b┬Ю~z┬МF f┬П+b~zD* i*xg┬МD* ┬Ч├Й1 f:├Й+ ┬дA f┬Х┬Пg~zE ┬Э]E i├ЙJH2 H&* ┬Э]@@ ┬ШC bK ┬Ш┬ЮE bK ┬гsJ4b- *K 4H2 b┬Ю┬Ж┬г┬Ш/ h@@ c┬ЖD 6]┬ПD* h┬Х┬ГA ┬д@@ FbEHxD*H ┬дg~z┬Ы┬Х┬ЮD* x~|┬ЖD* ┬д@@ A bE&* i*xg┬МD* ┬У@@ ┬Х ]mF ┬░H ┬Ь┬г┬ЖD* 6*4H 6*┬б┬Ш<H ]┬ХD* ┬вD(* fAb~9(* f┬г~z┬г)4 bK F]E z┬Х+bFH ┬РJx: f┬г┬ШG&* ,2b@@ J5 ┬ЗE ┬д┬АFy┬гcD* x~|┬ЖD* ┬Ч├Й@@ 1 xCwJ bK J4w/ *K x@@ ┬г┬Й ┬Б┬гp┬ШD* ┬Ь@@ E bGx┬г=H b┬Ы┬М/ ix@@ C3 b┬ШC ,x@@ ┬гcD* ┬дA 4b@@ ┬ШD* ob@@ mpD* 6]┬ПD* h┬ГAb0 ]@@ ┬ПA ┬дE├Й~6(┬░* ]@@ ┬Ю┬ЖD* ┬дA bE&* b+2&bE f@@ :4b1 ┬д@@ A ┬Щ. ┬ЬJ]~7*xD* $b@@ ┬М┬ХsD* ]┬Ю< ┬дA f┬гF]E yC*x┬ШC b@@ ┬Ш┬Ю┬ЖB┬бE ┬в┬Х< ]@@ ┬ХD*H ┬Ц~|pJ ┬ЩDH ┬е┬бE&┬░* x@@ ~|┬ЖD* ┬дA ,]J]mD* f┬ЫJ]┬ШD* f┬ХExD* ix@@ ┬Ю; f┬гC┬б┬Х┬Ш┬ШD*H f┬г+┬бJ&┬░*H f┬г┬Ш:b┬МD*H f┬г~6bc┬ЖD* 4┬б@@ ~|┬ЖD* ┬Ч├Й1 xCwJ x┬г┬Й 5Hx+ ┬ЗE b┬Ю~z┬МF ,4┬бCw┬ШD* ┬Э]┬ШDb+ ┬Щ@@ gG* ┬еwD* ┬дFb┬Шj┬ЖD* ]┬Ю┬ЖD* ┬УDwCH f┬г┬Ы┬г┬А~z┬Х┬МD* f<┬б~6┬б┬ШD* ┬Щ┬ЮE ┬е4*2(* yCx┬ШC z┬Х+bF

├С* ┬Ъ*4 ┬дA x┬Тc┬ШD* ┬еx~{cD* 4*x┬Пg~6┬░*H ┬дA*x┬ЙmD* ┬ЗB┬б┬ШD* ═Ш╧н═Ш╧о ┬Ь┬г┬А~z┬ХA ┬д@@ A ┬в┬А~6┬бD* ┬Чb@@ cmD* f@@ ┬Х~z┬Х~6 ┬Б@@ ~6H ├С* ┬Ъ*4 ┬З@@ ┬П rH*xgJ ┬Иb┬М-4b+ bK +┬б┬Ы/ d┬П┬ЫD* ┬вD(* ┬░K b┬Ш~7 ┬Ц┬г┬ХmD* ┬ЬE ,]g┬Ш┬ШD*H ┬Ъ*4 y┬г┬Шg-H x@@ pcD* q@@ ┬А~6 ┬С┬бA *K x@@ gE ╧┤╧┤╧м тАУ ╧┤╧п╧м ┬Ь@@ ┬г+ b@@ E ┬РJx┬АD* ┬ЬE ex┬ЙD* ┬вD(* ┬Ц@@ ┬г┬ШD* ┬дD*┬б0 ┬дc~z┬ЫD* b@@ ┬Ю+x┬П+ ├С* 5 f┬г┬ХcmD* f┬Х~z┬Х~zD* xc< b┬Ю+┬б┬Ы/H ┬Ь┬г┬А~z┬ХA ┬Чb┬Ш~7 ┬Ь┬г+ ┬Ц~8*┬бD* ┬Ь< f+┬бmpEH f@@ ┬Ж┬М-xE f@@ ┬Х- ┬в┬Х< f┬ШJ]┬ПD* b@@ ┬Ю-]┬Х+ ┬З@@ ┬П- k@@ ┬г0 q┬М~zD* ┬в┬Х< f┬Х┬АE ┬Я@@ ~z┬МF hB┬бD* ┬дA b┬Ю┬Ы┬ТDH ┬д@@ ┬ХcmD* ┬Р@@ Jx┬АD* ┬вD(* ┬░K ┬б@@ ~8H f┬г┬Х0b~zD* f@@ ┬П┬А┬Ы┬ШD*H f@@ ┬г┬ХcmD* f@@ ┬Х~z┬Х~z┬ХD ┬д@@ +x┬ЙD* bGx┬г┬ЙCH bAbJ f@@ ┬П┬А┬ЫE ┬дA ┬Б~6┬бg┬ШD* ┬ж┬г+&┬░* x@@ pcD* `:b~7 ┬Э(bA f┬г┬ХcmD* f@@ ┬Х~z┬Х~zD* ┬Щ@@ ┬ШB ┬в┬Х< fJx~{cD* i*x@@ ┬Пg~z┬ШD* ┬Ь@@ E ┬Ц┬г~8bp┬ШD* f<*4yD fpDb~|D* f@@ +xgD*H ┬Ч]g┬Ж┬ШD* ub┬Ы┬ШD* xA┬б ┬Зm~7 ┬Б┬гp┬ШD* ┬д@@ A ┬аb┬г┬ШD* ┬Э┬б┬г< 2┬б/HH ,x┬Шj┬ШD* 4b@@ m~7&┬░*H ,]┬г┬Ж+ f┬гsJ4b- i*xgA w┬ЫE f┬П┬А┬Ы┬ШD* ┬дA ┬еx~{cD* 4*x┬Пg~6┬░*

┬д┬ХcmD* ┬ЦA*┬б┬ПD* ┬РJx: ┬в┬Х< ,x~7bcE f┬ЖB*┬бD* fJx~{cD* i*x┬Пg~z┬ШD* ┬ЬE x┬гjC i2b┬Мg~6* 5 f┬гm┬г-*xg~6* f┬г┬ШG&* i*x┬Пg~z┬ШD* ┬У┬Х- ┬ЗB┬б┬ШD* ┬в┬А<&* k┬г0 z┬Х+bFH 6]┬ПD* ┬Ь┬г+ ┬Ц~8*┬бD* 4┬бCw┬ШD* ┬РJx┬АD* ┬Ь< ,]┬г┬ЖcD* Ix┬ПD* ┬ЬE bK ┬гc~zF xjC&* yCx┬ШD* ┬ЗE ┬Ц~8*┬б-H 4bG25* ┬ЦE*┬б<H ,4Hbm┬ШD* Ix┬ПD*H ├С* ┬Ъ*x+ fF4b┬ПE ,x┬гcD* ┬УD3 ┬в┬Х< ┬ЧbjEH

┬Э┬б~z-bE f<┬б┬ШmE 6x┬ЙF┬б┬ТD* fcg┬ТE 4]~|┬ШD* ┬Щ┬гG*x+* 4*2 ┬И4b~7H ┬Ц┬Ю~zD* ┬И4b~7 b┬Ю┬гA x┬Ю┬ГJH e┬б┬ЫmD* f┬Ю/ ┬ЬE f┬ШJ]┬ПD* ,]┬Хc┬ХD ┬ЬJx~{┬ЖD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ┬З┬Х┬АE ┬ЬE f┬г┬М┬г~74&* ,4┬б~8

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f┬ШJ]┬ПD* ,]┬ХcD* ]~7*4 ┬ЪH]BH ┬Э24&┬░* ┬Сx~7 ┬ЬE ┬Ц┬г0xD* ,4┬б┬А~6&b+ b┬Ю┬Ш┬Г┬ЖE h┬Аc-4* H&* fJ*HxD* ]┬гC&b- 6b~6&┬░b+ z┬гD b┬Ыjp+ ┬ЧbmE ┬Э&* b┬Ш+H ┬ЬJ2*]pD* ib~6*4]D* ┬ЗE x┬гcC ┬Ц┬Т~{+ 94b┬ЖgJ ┬░ $┬б~{┬ЫD* tJ4b- ┬Ь┬ТD b┬Ю┬г┬МF ]┬Ж+ f┬гc┬г┬Х~|D* f<4y┬ШD* ┬Э*xmGH ┬Ч├Йp┬Ш~9* ┬вD(* x┬г~{- ┬дgD* fjJ]pD* ╧н╧╡╧┤╧о ┬Ь┬гGb~7 H 14 8 1954 ,4H]B 8┬дc┬г┬Х~|D* Hy┬ЙD* $b┬ЮgF* fD┬бG&bE x┬г= f<4y┬ШC ╧н╧▒╧о╧▒ $b~|0(* ┬дA ├С* ┬Ъ*4 i24H ]┬ПA 9 8 Shaheen ╧о╧м╧м╧▓

┬еx~{cD* 4*x┬Пg~6┬░* ib@@ ┬Пc: f~6*4]D fJx.&┬░* ib@@ Jx┬МpD* f┬ХB h@@ c┬Ж~8 f@@ ┬ШJ]┬ПD* ,]@@ ┬ХcD* f@@ ┬П┬А┬Ы┬ШD ┬Ц@@ Eb┬ТgE t@@ J4&b- 2┬б@@ /H f@@ ┬ШJ]┬ПD* ,]@@ ┬Хc┬ХD ┬дgD* d@@ g┬ТD* ┬Щ┬Г┬ЖE h@@ ┬Ж/4&* ]BH b@@ ┬Ю┬г┬Х< i&*x@@ : ┬д@@ gD* i┬░┬б@@ pgD*H ┬Ъ*4 f┬ЫJ]E tJ4b-" ,4H]B ┬Н~6┬бJ ebg┬ТC f┬ЫJ]┬ШD* ,&b~{F t@@ J4b- hDHb┬Ы 2H]mD* ┬Ь< eb┬П┬ЫD* ┬Н@@ ~{C" ┬Ь┬гGb~7 y@@ Jy< eb@@ gCH 1954 "├С* ├С* ┬Ъ*4" bJ4 ┬б@@ +&* ┬Ц┬г┬Х1H ╧н╧╡╧┤╧о "├С* ┬Ъ*4 f@@ ┬ЫJ]E ┬дA eb@@ ~zF&┬░*H ┬Э&* h~9xgA* k┬г0 f┬гc┬г┬Х~|D* ,xg┬МD* ┬вD(* ╧н╧╡╧┤╧м "b@@ jJ]0H bK ┬ШJ]B z┬г)xD* yCx┬ШD* dFbm+ f┬г<*45 f@@ ┬Ы:┬бg~zE ┬Ь< ,4bc< h@@ FbC ├С* ┬Ъ*4 ,x┬гcD* ┬дA

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┬Ч┬б0 ib┬г~9xA $b@@ ┬ЫcD ┬З/*x┬ШD* b┬Ю┬гD(* i4b@@ ~7&* ┬дgD* 4b@@ .%┬░* ┬Щ@@ ┬Г┬ЖE ┬Э(* i]┬Шg<* ]BH bK ┬гDb0 ,2┬б/┬бE ]┬Ж- ┬Щ@@ D f┬ШJ]┬ПD* ,]┬ХcD* ┬дA 4*x@@ ┬Пg~6┬░* 4b.%┬░* ┬У┬Х- ┬Н@@ ~8┬бD fJ┬б┬М~7 ib@@ J*H4H ib<bc┬АF* ┬в@@ ┬Х< ┬З/*x┬ШD* ┬аw@@ G ,x~|┬Ж┬ШD*H ┬Ц@@ ┬г┬ХsD* ┬Ъb┬ПE x@@ CwD* f┬П+b~6 4b@@ .%┬░* i┬б0 b@@ ┬ЮsJ4&b-H ┬Щ=xD* ┬в┬Х┬ЖA ┬Р┬гB]D* b┬Ю┬ЖB┬бE ┬Ч┬б0 ibJ*HxD* h@@ +4b~┬ж- ┬дgD* oxcD*H bK ┬гDb0 ┬еx┬Ш┬ЖD* ┬ЗEbmD* ┬Ь@@ E $*y/&* ┬Эb┬ТE fB]+ ┬Ъb┬П┬ШD* ┬ЗB┬бE xC3 ┬Ь@@ E ┬Ц┬гB ┬еwD* fB]+ oxcD* ┬ЗB┬бE ┬Ч┬б0 ]┬гC&b- ]@@ /┬бJ ┬░ ╧н╧╡╧┤╧м bJ4 ┬б@@ +&*

┬УDwCH 9b┬М~┬жA ┬Н@@ ~8H ┬бGH ,x┬П~{D* ,4b@@ 0 ┬дA bK ┬Ш)bB ┬ЭbC ┬Я@@ F(* 7 b┬Ю-bJ┬бgpEH ,x~|┬Ж┬ШD* ┬ЗB┬бE ┬Ч┬б0 xE&┬░* k┬г0 fjJ]pD* fJx┬ПD* ,&b~{F tJ4b- bK ~┬жJ&* ┬З/*x┬ШD* ┬аwG hDHb┬Ы ┬Ч├Й1H f┬гc┬г┬Х~|D* eHxpD* $b┬ЮgF* ]┬Ж+ ┬Ц~8bpD* ┬Э*xm┬ЮD* ,2┬б┬Ш0 q┬г┬Ш~6 4┬бgC]D* Hy┬ЖJ 8 ┬Ц┬Т~{+ ┬Иb~9H&┬░* ┬е2x- ┬вD(* f┬г┬Ы┬г┬А~z┬Х┬МD* Ix┬ПD* ┬ЬE x┬гj┬ТD* h+x1 k┬г0 f┬г┬Ш:b┬МD* ,xg┬МD* ┬Ъ*4 ┬вD(* ┬░b/ h┬г+ f┬П┬А┬ЫE ┬ЬEH ┬Э24&┬░* ┬Сx~7 ┬ЬE i*xm┬ЮD* dc~6 ,2┬б┬Ш0 ┬З/xJ b┬ШC ┬Ъb< bGx┬г=H ┬Э24&┬░* ┬Сx~7 ┬дA ,xg┬МD* ┬У┬Х- ┬Ч├Й1 ┬е2xg┬ШD* ┬д~6b┬г~zD*H ┬е2b~|gB┬░* ┬З~9┬бD* ┬вD(* ├С* ╧о╧м╧н╧п ┬дFbjD* ┬ЬJx~{- ├С* ┬Ъ*4 fJ]┬Х+ fcg┬ТE ┬дA ,x~9bpE ┬Ь┬г┬А~z┬ХA e┬б┬Ы/ ┬Р:b┬Ы┬ШC

╧о╧╡ тАл╪зя╗Яя║Шя╗Дя╗о╪▒ ╪зя╗Яя╗Мя╗дя║о╪зя╗зя╗▓ я╗Яя╗дя║кя╗│я╗ия║Ф ╪▒╪з┘Е ╪з ┘Ия╗гя║оя╗Ыя║░я╗ля║О ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓тАм

dgC H&* fJ┬б┬М~7 ibJ*H4 H&* f┬г~|s~7 ib<bc┬АF* ┬в┬Х< ,4┬бCw┬ШD* ┬З/*x┬ШD* ┬Щ┬Г┬ЖE i]┬Шg<* 7 ┬Ъb┬П┬ШD* ┬Ц┬г┬Хp-H ┬Н~8┬бC H&* oxcD*H hF*x/ ┬бGb┬гD* f~|┬ПC f┬гAb┬ТD* fB]Db+ ┬Щ/xg- ┬ЩD fDb04 ┬д┬Ш┬Х< ┬Ц┬г┬Хp- ┬ЭH2 f┬г~|s~7 ib<bc┬АF* ┬в┬Х< $b┬Ы+ bJ4 ┬б+&* ┬Ц┬г┬Х1H ,4H]B ┬Н~6┬бJ ┬ЬE ┬Ц┬ТD ┬Чb┬Т~7&*H x~8b┬Ы< ┬ЬE fJx.&┬░* b┬Юg┬г┬ЫcD ┬д~6b┬гB

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┬Ь┬г┬А~z┬ХA q~zE ┬Ь< ├Й┬ПF 4┬б~|┬ЖD* xc< b┬Ю+ f┬А┬гp┬ШD* fEb┬ЮD* fJx~{cD* i*x┬Пg~z┬ШD*H ├С* ┬Ъ*4 f┬П┬А┬ЫE z┬Х+bFH 6]┬ПD* ┬Ь┬г+ f┬гFbEHxD* ┬РJx┬АD* f:4bsD* ┬в┬Х< x┬Ю┬Г-H ╧н╧┤╧│╧м ┬Ъb┬ЖD* f┬г+x┬ЙD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ┬Н~|g┬ЫE ┬ЦcB ┬дsJ4bgD* yCx┬ШD* ,*┬б┬ЫD fJxJ]┬ПgD* 2H]pDb+ ├С* ┬Ъ*xD f:4b1 f┬Х+b┬П┬ШD* fp┬М~|D* ╧н╧╡╧п╧м ┬Ъb┬ЖD 8*xg┬ШD* n┬г~z┬ЫD* 2H]0 b┬Ю┬г┬Х< ┬Б┬П~zE H x~{< ┬З~6bgD*

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400

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fjJ]pD* fJx┬ПD* $┬б~{F ,xgA ═Ш╧о═Ш╧о ,x┬г┬Й~8 f┬г┬Ы┬Т~6 f┬П┬А┬ЫE hp┬Х~|g~6* H&* ┬д@@ A ix┬Пg~6* i├Й)b┬ЖD* i┬б┬гcD* 2]<H ┬Ь┬г~z┬ШsD* ┬дD*┬бp+ ┬Эb┬Т@@ ~zD* 2]< xJ]┬П- ┬Ь┬Т┬ШJ k@@ ┬г0 ┬ЩmpD fc~zF x┬г┬Й~8 ┬д┬Ы┬Т~6 ┬З┬Шm- ┬Щm0 ┬бGH ,x~{┬ЖD* 5HbmgJ ┬░ b┬Ш+ ┬Эb┬Т~zD* 2]< ┬дA f┬г<┬б┬ЫD* f┬Х┬П┬ЫD* bE&* f<*4y┬ХD fpDb~|D* ┬д~9*4&┬░* ]┬Ж+ ┬Эb┬ТA fjJ]pD* f@@ Jx┬ПD* ,&b~{F fJ*]+ ┬ЭHx@@ ┬гj┬ТD* bGxcg<* ┬д@@ gD* ╧н╧▒╧▓╧о ┬Ъb┬ЖD* ┬З@@ +*xD* $b~|0(┬░* ┬Ч├ЙsA ┬Ь@@ EyD* ┬ЬE ]┬П< ┬д@@ D*┬б0 f┬Ш┬Х~zE i├Й)b< ╧н╧м dFbm+ h┬Ы┬Т~6 f┬гp┬г~zE f┬Х)b< 63 2┬б/H ┬Цm~6 ╧о╧м╧м╧о ,4b~{+H fc┬ЖmD* f┬Ш~zF ╧░╧м╧м ┬дD*┬бp+ 2]┬ЖD* xJ]┬П- ┬Ь┬Т┬ШJH ┬аxJ]┬П- ┬Ь┬Т┬ШJ ┬еwD* b┬Ю┬гFbcE 2]<H fJx┬ПD* ┬Щm0 ┬в┬Х< ┬УD3 z┬Т┬ЖF*H ┬Ь┬гg~6H l├ЙjD ┬Ч5b┬ЫE $b┬Ы+ d┬Ж~|D* ┬Ь┬ШA bK g┬г+ 73 ┬в@@ D(* ╧▒╧м ┬Ь┬г+ bE ┬Ь┬г┬Ы~zD obgpJ ┬Щs~9 $b┬Ы+ ┬ИHx~{E ┬бGH ,]0*H f@@ ┬ЖA2 ,]A*H f┬Х)b< ┬Э&* rx┬АD* xcg┬ЖJ b@@ G]┬Ы<H ┬Ъb1 2*┬б@@ EH ┬Ч*┬бE&*H i*]┬ЖEH ,]@@ < ┬ЯD┬б0 ]J]mD* $b┬ЫcDb+ i&*]+H 2┬б@@ /┬б┬ШD* hp┬Х~|g~6* ]B i├Й)b┬ЖD* hp┬Х~|g~6* H&* h@@ ┬г┬Ы+ $*┬б~6 ┬дFbc┬ШD* ┬аw@@ GH n@@ J4]gDb+ ┬Я@@ Fb┬ТE H&* 4]┬П- ┬дgD* f┬ШJ]┬ПD* ,]┬Хc┬ХD ,*┬б┬ЫD* f@@ 0b~zEH ┬Щm0H d~6b┬Ы- ┬дA ┬д@@ G bK ┬ШFH2 15 ╧н╧м ┬Ь┬г+ bE 4]┬П- f0b~z┬Ш+H h┬г+ ╧н╧м╧м ┬вD(* ╧┤╧м ┬дD*┬бp+ 2]┬Ж+ fJx┬ПC ├С* ┬Ъ*4 ix┬Ю┬ГA x@@ ~{< ┬З~6bgD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ┬Ч├Й1 b@@ E&* ┬Ч]- fjJ]0 M┬Эbc┬Ш+H ╧н╧м f┬Ш~zF ╧╡╧м╧м ╧┤╧м╧м ┬дD*┬б0 ┬вD(* ┬Ц~|J ┬Эb┬Т~6 b┬Ю┬М~8H ]BH ┬дFbc┬ШD* 2]< ┬дA 2bJ25*H n┬г~z┬Ы┬ХD ┬З~6┬б-H ┬б┬ШF ┬в┬Х< f┬Ы~z0H ┬Ц@@ ┬Шm┬ШDb+ fjJ]0 b@@ ┬ЮF&b+ b┬Ю┬Ы┬г0 ┬Э┬б@@ ~z┬Ы+H4 f@@ Db0xD* 11 fJx┬ПD* ┬Ц1*2 fJx.&* M┬ЭbcE ┬е&┬░ x.&* ┬░H $b┬ЫcD* f┬Х┬Шg┬ТEH 4]B ]BH f┬Х)b< ╧н╧▒╧м ┬дD*┬бp+ fJx┬ПD* ┬Эb┬Т~6 2]< 1834 ┬Ъb┬ЖD* fJx~|┬ШD* f┬Х┬ШpD* i4]B ╧н╧м ┬Эb┬Т~6 2]┬ЖD xJ]┬Пg+H fcJx~┬жD* ┬ЗA]D ┬ЦG&* ┬Ц/4 ┬дg)bE 2┬б/H 1838 ┬Ъb┬ЖD* ┬Э┬б~z┬Ы+H4 fDb0xD* f┬Ш~zF ╧╡╧м╧м ╧┤╧м╧м ┬вD(* ┬Ц~|J ┬д┬ХC

fDb0xD* dgC H&* f┬г┬Ш~6xD* $*┬б~6 f@@ ┬гsJ4bgD* 42b~|┬ШD* q~7 ┬Э(* fJ2b~|gB┬░*H f┬г~6b┬г~zD* ┬Иb~9H&┬░* ┬Ц┬г┬Хp- d┬Ж~8 ]B ├С* ┬Ъ*4 ┬Ь< fJx┬ПD* ,&b~{F ┬ЬE ┬вDH&┬░* ┬Ц0*x┬ШD* ┬дA f┬гF*x┬Ш┬ЖD*H f@@ ┬г<b┬Шg/┬░*H ┬Э&b+ ┬Чb┬Ш/(┬░* ┬Ь┬Т┬ШJ ┬Ь┬ТDH x~{< ┬З~6bgD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ┬Н~|g┬ЫE ┬вg0H f~{┬ШQ ┬ЮEH f@@ ┬А┬г~z+ ┬Б┬гp┬ШD* IxB ┬Ь@@ E bGx┬г┬ЙC hFbC f@@ Jx┬ПD* ┬е4bmgD* ┬Вb@@ ~{┬ЫD* @@ ┬ж┬Ж+ ┬ЗE f<*4yD* ┬в@@ ┬Х< bK @ @~6b~6&* ]@@ ┬Шg┬Ж-H ┬Эx┬ПD* ┬Н~|g┬ЫE ┬вg0 ┬Р┬Х┬Й┬ШD* ┬д┬Хp┬ШD* b┬Ю┬Ж┬ШgmE b┬ЮDH 9 ┬Ц┬г_~┬жD* ╧о╧м╧м╧о ,4b~{+H fc┬ЖmD* x~{< ┬З~6bgD* ┬ЬJ┬б┬Т- ┬Ч┬б@@ 0 ib┬г~9x┬МD* $b@@ ┬ЫcD ,xA┬бg┬ШD* ib@@ E┬б┬Х┬Ж┬ШD* ┬З@@ /x-H ┬в@@ D(* ,x@@ g┬МD* ┬У@@ ┬Х- ┬д@@ A ┬д@@ Fb┬Т~zD* b@@ G┬б┬ШFH ┬д@@ =*x┬МD* f@@ Jx┬ПD* x@@ ~{< @@ 62b~zD* ┬Эx@@ ┬ПD* ┬Н@@ ~|g┬ЫE b@@ ┬ШGH ┬Б@@ ┬ПA ┬Ь@@ ┬гg┬Х0xE x~{< ┬З~6bgD* ┬Эx@@ ┬ПD* ┬Ь@@ E ┬ЧH&┬░* ┬Н@@ ~|┬ЫD*H f@@ Jx┬ПD* ,&b@ @~{F

x~{< 62b~zD* ┬Эx@@ ┬ПD* ┬д@@ ┬МA fDy┬ЖD* ┬Ь@@ E fJx┬ПD* oHx@@ 1

┬░ x┬г┬Й~8 ┬еx~{+ x@@ ┬Пg~zE ┬Ч├Й1 ┬ЬE bK ┬гmJ4]- 4*x@@ ┬Пg~6┬░* &*]@@ + ┬Ь┬Т┬ШJ ┬ЬJwD* ┬Эb┬Т~zD* ┬ЬE f┬Ш~zF ┬Ь┬г~z┬Ш1H i┬б┬г+ ,x~{< 5Hb@@ mgJ ┬З~6┬б- ┬Щ. ┬Ь┬Т~z┬ХD f┬Ш)bB fJx.&* ┬дFbcE *┬бp┬Х~|g~6* ]B *┬бF┬б┬ТJ ┬Э&* ,]A*H i*xmG ┬Ч├Й1 ┬ЬE ]┬П< ]┬Ж+ x┬гcC ┬Ц┬Т@@ ~{+ x┬Пg~z┬ШD* *wG ,*┬б┬ЫD* ┬Щm0 e4b┬ПJ i┬б┬г+ 2]┬Ж+ ┬дsJ4bgD* yCx┬ШD* ,*┬бF h@@ ~z~6&* f┬Ш~zF ╧░╧м╧м @D* e4b@@ ┬ПJ ┬Эb┬Т~6 2]<H bK g┬г+ 75 ┬в@@ D(* ╧▒╧м ┬д@@ DbpD* ├С* ┬Ъ*4 ┬Э&* ┬вD(* ╧н╧▒╧о╧▒ ┬Ъb┬ЖD* ┬ЧH&┬░* ┬дFb┬Шj┬ЖD* $b@@ ~|0(┬░* 4b~7&* ]┬ПA ┬З+4&* 1538 ┬Ъb┬ЖD* ┬дFbjD* $b~|0(┬░* xC3H fF┬б┬Т~zE x┬г= f<4yE ┬дG ┬Э&* H]cJ i├Й)b< h~6 1553 ┬Ъb@@ ┬ЖD* kDbjD* $b~|0(┬░*H i├Й@@ )b< ├С* ┬Ъ*4 ┬ЬE ┬Ь┬г~|s~7 ┬ЦgB ┬Щ- ┬ЯF&* ┬Ь┬ШJH z┬гB eHx0 ┬Ч┬б0 i4*2 ┬дgD* |~|┬ПD* I]0(* ┬ЬE ┬Ч]g~zJ 9 ╧о╧▓ 8 ╧н╧╡╧┤╧м bJ4 ┬б+&* 1844 ┬Ъb┬ЖD* ┬дD*┬б0 ┬Эb1]Db+ ┬Э*x/bgJ bFbC *x┬г~6 h┬г+ fJxB ┬Ц+b┬ПE

Meters 0

100

═Юd┼Ъ─Ю ┼Ъ┼╜╞╡╞Р─Ю╞Р ─В╞М─Ю ╞Р╞╡─П╞Р╞Ъ─В┼╢╞Я─В┼п┼п╟З ─П╞╡┼Э┼п╞Ъ═Х ─В┼╢─Ъ ─В╞М─Ю ─В┼п┼п ┼╡┼╜─Ъ─Ю╞М┼╢═Ц ╞Ъ┼Ъ─Ю╞М─Ю 11 ─П─Ю┼Э┼╢┼Р ┼Ъ─Ю╞М─Ю ─В╞Й╞Й─В╞М─Ю┼╢╞Ъ┼п╟З ┼╢┼╜ ╞Ъ╞М─В─Р─Ю╞Р ┼╜─и ─В┼╢╞Я╞Л╞╡┼Э╞Ъ╟З═Ш d┼Ъ─Ю ─Р┼╜╞╡┼╢╞Ъ╞М╟З ─В╞М┼╜╞╡┼╢─Ъ ┼Э╞Р ─и─Ю╞М╞Я┼п─Ю ─В┼╢─Ъ ╟Б─Ю┼п┼п ─Р╞╡┼п╞Я╟А─В╞Ъ─Ю─Ъ═Х ╟З┼Э─Ю┼п─Ъ┼Э┼╢┼Р ┼Р╞М─В┼Э┼╢═Х ┼╜┼п┼Э╟А─Ю╞Р═Х ─о┼Р╞Р ─В┼╢─Ъ ┼Р╞М─В╞Й─Ю╞Р ┼Э┼╢ ─В─П╞╡┼╢─Ъ─В┼╢─Р─Ю═Ш═Я ═╛Z┼╜─П┼Э┼╢╞Р┼╜┼╢ ╬Ш ^┼╡┼Э╞Ъ┼Ъ═Х ╧н╧┤╧▒╧▓═Х ╞Й╧░╧▒╧п═┐═Ш

31 тАл╪зя╗Яя║Шя╗Дя╗о╪▒ ╪зя╗Яя╗Мя╗дя║о╪зя╗зя╗▓ я╗Яя╗дя║кя╗│я╗ия║Ф ╪▒╪з┘Е ╪з ┘Ия╗гя║оя╗Ыя║░я╗ля║О ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓тАм

,*┬б┬ЫD fJxJ]┬П- 2H]pD* b┬Ю┬г┬Х< ┬Б┬П~zE ╧н╧╡╧п╧м ┬Ъb┬ЖD ├С* ┬Ъ*4 f┬ЫJ]┬ШD ┬Ь┬г┬А~z┬ХA q~zE f:4b1 f┬Х+b┬П┬ШD* fp┬М~|D* oxcD*H ┬Ц┬г┬ХsD* ┬Ъb┬П┬ШD fJxJ]┬П- ┬ЗB*┬бE f:4bsD* ┬в┬Х< x┬Ю┬Г-H x~{< ┬З~6bgD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ┬Н~|g┬ЫE ┬ЦcB ┬дsJ4bgD* yCx┬ШD*

╧п╧м

┬дsJ4bgD* yCx┬ШD* ,*┬бF ┬ЭH2 ]0*┬бD* I┬бg~z┬ШD* H3 ┬Б┬г~zcD* h┬гcD* b┬ШG]0&* ┬Ц┬г┬ХpgD* ┬Эb┬Пpg~zJ 5 4 ┬дD*┬б0 fAx┬ЙD* ┬З┬Х~9 ┬Ч┬б: bK ┬гc~zF x┬г┬Й~8 ┬З:b┬ПgE ]┬П┬Ж+H fc┬А~|E ┬░K ]+ ┬ЬJx┬г┬Й~8 ┬Ь┬г/H2yE ┬Ь@@ J]┬П┬Ж+ f┬Х┬г┬ХB i┬░b0 ┬дAH bK cJx┬П- 4b@@ gE&* $b┬ЫcD* b┬г/┬бD┬б┬Ы┬Т-H ib@@ ┬гFb┬ТE(┬░* f:b~z+ bK ~zCb< x┬гcC ]0*H ]@@ ┬П< ┬ЬE ]┬Пg┬ЖJ ┬еwD* x┬г┬Й~8 ┬д┬Х┬гEx+ ]┬П┬Ж+ h┬гcD* ┬бG x1%┬░*H ┬Ф*wF%* ,x@@ A┬бg┬ШD* ├С* ┬Ъ*4 ┬дA ┬дsJ4bgD* yCx┬ШD* ┬дA ┬Ъ]B&┬░* 2┬б┬П┬ЖD* ┬ЬE ┬ЯF&*

w┬ЫE f┬М┬ХgsE ┬Ц0*xE ┬дA $b┬Ы+H ┬Ъ]G ib┬г┬Х┬Ш< ┬ЬE ┬Ц~8bpD* x@@ ┬г┬ЙgD* ┬ЬE ,*┬б┬ЫD* f┬П┬А┬ЫE ┬Э(bA ┬ЬJx~{┬ЖD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ┬Ц)*H&* ┬вg0H x~{< 62b~zD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ┬ЯsJ4&b- ]┬гC&b- d┬Ж~|J ┬еwD* ┬дDbpD* ┬е4b┬Ш┬Ж┬ШD* b┬Ю┬Х┬Т~7 ┬ЬE ┬Щ=xD* ┬в┬Х<H x~{< ┬З~6bgD* ┬Эx┬ПD* x1*H&* ┬вD(* x~{< ┬ЬEbjD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ┬Б~6*H&* ┬ЬE ]┬Ж+&b+ x┬г┬г┬ЙgD* ┬ЬE {EbG ┬ЗE ┬Р+b~zD* ┬Ъb┬ЖD* ┬Б┬Аs┬ШD* ┬Р┬А┬ЫE ┬Зc- ]B

n┬г~zFH q┬А~zE ┬Ц┬Т~{- hFbC ┬дsJ4bgD* yCx┬Ш┬ХD f┬гDbpD* ,*┬б┬ЫD* ┬Э&* q~┬жgJ x~{g┬Ы-H x~{< ┬З@@ ~6bgD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ┬ЬE ┬ЧH&┬░* ┬Н@@ ~|┬ЫD* ┬вg0 fJx┬ПD* $b@@ ┬Ы+ ┬ЬEH ┬Ц┬Ю~zD* f┬П┬А┬ЫE ┬дA e┬б@@ ┬ЫmD* ┬ЬE f┬г<*4yD* ┬д~9*4&┬░* b┬ЮD┬б0 ┬Ь@@ E ┬д┬Х< ┬ЪxC ┬аbm-b+ bK ┬гDb0 rbc~|E ┬Ь┬г< ┬И4b~7 ex= f┬П┬А┬ЫE ┬дA ┬Чb┬Ш~{D* bGx┬г=H ┬Ь┬г-H ┬Э┬бgJ5 ┬ЬE i*xm~{┬ШD* ┬д~9*4&* ┬Р:b┬Ы┬ШD* ┬У┬Х- ┬д┬Х-H

,*┬б┬ЫD* ┬Я@@ -b┬г: ┬дA ┬дDbpD* ┬е]@@ ┬г┬Х┬ПgD* n@@ ┬г~z┬Ы┬ХD ┬д+x┬ЙD* $y@@ mD* ┬Ц@@ ┬ШpJ ┬е4┬бsD*H r]┬ЫB 7┬бpC ┬Ъ]┬Ю- ┬ЩD ┬дgD* ┬ЬCbE&┬░* ┬дA f~8bs+H ,4┬бCw┬ШD* fJ4b┬Ш┬Ж┬ШD*H f┬гF*x┬Ш┬ЖD* ┬Ц┬г~8b┬МgD* ┬ж┬Ж+ ┬Ч├Й1 ┬ЬE ┬УD3 q~┬жgJ ┬Н┬Х1H 7*┬б0&┬░*H ┬д@@ Fbc┬ШD* ┬Ь┬г+ bE ibB├Й┬ЖD*H ┬Ъb@@ ┬ЖD* 4b:(┬░*H ┬Б@@ ┬Аs┬ШDbC $b┬ЫcD* f@@ J┬б┬М< f┬П┬А┬Ы┬ШD* ┬аw@@ G ┬дA x@@ ┬Ю┬Г- k┬г0 f@@ Eb┬ЖD* ib@@ =*x┬МD*H i*]0┬бD xcC&* ┬Р~8├Й-H ┬Еb@@ ┬ГgC*H ┬ЯEb┬ГgF* ┬Ъ]<H ┬Ъb┬ЖD* ┬Б@@ ┬Аs┬ШD*H ┬Ц┬г┬ХpgD* x@@ ┬Ю┬ГJ b┬ШC h@@ A┬░ ┬Ц┬Т~{+ ┬ЩmpD* ,x@@ ┬г┬Й~8 f@@ ┬г0├ЙA f@@ ┬г┬Ы┬Т~6 ┬ЗE fF4b┬П┬ШDb+ o4bsD* ┬Ь@@ < b┬ЮD*y┬ЖF*H ┬Ц1*]D* ┬бpF 7*┬б0&┬░* ┬С├Й@@ ┬ЙF* ,xJ]┬ПD*H ,x┬П~{D* ┬д-4b0 ┬дA f┬А┬гp┬ШD* 7*┬б0&┬░*

b┬Ю┬гA yCxg- f@@ JyCxE f┬П┬А┬ЫE ┬Ь@@ E hF┬б┬Т- ]┬ПA ┬в@@ DH&┬░* fJx┬ПD* ,*┬б@@ F b@@ E&* i*4bpD* b┬ЮD┬б0 ┬И5┬бg-H f@@ J2b~|gB┬░*H f┬г┬ЫJ]D*H f┬г<b┬Шg/┬░* ib@@ :b~{┬ЫD* ┬Ь@@ E ├ЙK C f@@ JyCx┬ШD* f@@ ┬П┬А┬Ы┬ШD* ┬е┬б@@ p- f@@ ┬М┬Хgs┬ШD* i├Й@@ )b┬Ж┬ХD f@@ ┬г┬Ы┬Т~zD* ┬в┬Ыc┬ШD* ┬ЯcFbm+H ┬Ъb@@ ┬ПE H&* ┬ЗEbmC $*┬б~6 f@@ ┬г┬ХpE f┬г~6]┬П+ ┬Ц┬г┬ХsD* ┬Ъb@@ ┬ПE x)b┬Ж~{D* b┬Ю┬Х1*2 64b┬Ш- hFbC ┬дgD* fAb~┬ж┬ШD* ┬бGH ┬░&* fJx┬П┬ХD ┬д<b┬Шg/┬░* f/xpD* f┬П┬А┬ЫE ┬д@@ A ┬вDH&┬░* f┬г~zC3┬б.4&┬░* f@@ ~z┬г┬Ы┬ТD* $b~{F(* ┬вg0 f@@ ┬г┬ЫJ]D* ibJ*HxD* ┬ЬE ]J]┬ЖD* x┬г~{- b┬ШC ╧н╧┤╧м╧│ ┬Ъb@@ ┬ЖD* x~{< ┬З~6bgD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ┬Ц@@ )*H&* bGxcg<* ┬дgD*H 16 8 1954 ,4H]B ┬Ъb┬П┬ШD* ┬Сx~7 ,x~|┬ЖE 2┬б/H ┬вD(* 13 K bBx~7 2*]gE┬░*H ╧н╧оfJx┬ПD* yCxE ┬Ц┬П┬ЫD bK cc~6 ,4H]B ┬Н~6┬бJ

b┬Ю┬Х┬г~8b┬М- f@@ ┬ХBH b┬Ю┬Шm0 x@@ ┬Й~8H b┬Юg:b~zc+ f@@ ┬П┬А┬Ы┬ШD* i┬б@@ ┬г+ y@@ ┬г┬Шg-H bK @ @┬П0┬░ l]@@ pg~6* b@@ ┬Ю┬Ш┬Г┬ЖE f@@ ┬А┬г~zcD* b@@ ┬Ю-bpgAH f@@ J4b┬Ш┬Ж┬ШD* ┬Эb┬А┬ШF x@@ ┬Ю┬ГJ b┬ШC ┬Р@@ ┬Х┬МD* ┬С┬б@@ B]┬ШD* x@@ ┬г= x@@ mpD* ┬Ъ*]@@ sg~6*H

i├Й)b┬ЖD* b┬Ю┬гA ix@@ ┬Пg~6* ┬дgD* f┬П┬А┬Ы┬ШD* ┬Э&* @@ 9*xgA┬░* ┬Ь┬Т┬ШJ ┬У@@ Dw+H fJx.&┬░* f+xsD* bJb┬П+ hFbC f┬ШJ]┬ПD* ,]@@ ┬ХcD* ,*┬бF h┬Х┬Т~7 ┬дgD* ,]@@ A*┬бD* ┬Щ=xD* ┬в┬Х<H bK ┬гDb0 ┬еx┬Ш┬ЖD* ┬З@@ EbmD* ┬Ц┬г┬ХsD* ┬Ъb┬ПE bGyCxE ┬д@@ gD* ┬З~6┬бgD* 2H]0 H&* ,4┬бCw┬ШD* f~z┬г┬Ы┬ТD* ┬ЗB┬бE fAx┬ЖE ┬Ъ]┬ЖD ┬УDw+ ┬ЪymD* ┬Ь┬Т┬ШJ ┬░ ╧н╧о ib┬Ю/ ┬ЬE f~8bs+H ┬дc~zF r┬б~9┬б+ f0xg┬П┬ШD* ,*┬б┬ЫD* f┬П┬А┬Ы┬ШD fJxJ]┬ПgD* 2H]pD* x┬Ю┬Г- 13 f┬г┬Ш┬г┬Г┬ЫgD* f:4bsD*H ╧н╧╡╧п╧м ┬Ъb┬Ж┬ХD q~z┬ШD* f:4b1 f~6*42 ┬Ч├Й1 ┬ЬE e┬б┬ЫmD*H ex┬ЙD*H ┬Чb┬Ш~{D* fc┬Ж~8 ┬д┬ЮA f┬гDb┬Ш~{D* f┬гBx~{D*H f┬гBx~{D* 2H]pD* bE&* bK ┬гF*]┬гE b┬Ю┬Х┬г┬Хp-H ╧н╧╡╧о╧│ ┬Ъb┬Ж┬ХD ┬вDH&┬░* ┬Эx┬ПD* ┬Н~|g┬ЫE b┬Ю┬ШG&* i*xgA ┬в┬Х< f┬П┬А┬Ы┬ШD* ┬У┬Х- ┬дFbcE ┬ЬE ]J]┬ЖD* ┬Ъ]G dc~z+ xJ]┬ПgD* ┬ЬE fE]┬Ю┬ШD* f┬П┬А┬Ы┬ШD* ┬аwG f~6*42 d┬Ж~|-H f/xpD* ┬дA ib~8bcD* ┬НB┬бE fEbB(┬░ ┬ЬJx~{┬ЖD* 4┬б~|D*H ┬Б)*xsD* x┬Ю┬Г- ┬УD3 ┬ЬE ┬Щ=xD* ┬в┬Х<H ┬Б┬ПA ,xA┬бg┬ШD* 4┬б~|D*H ┬Б)*xsD* ┬Ч├Й1 ,x┬гc┬ТD* 7*┬б0&┬░* d┬г┬Й- k┬гp+ Ix1&┬░* ┬Р:b┬Ы┬ШD*H ,*┬б┬ЫD* ┬Ь┬г+ bE ┬Ц┬г┬Т~{gD*H ┬Ъbm0&┬░* ┬дA bK -Hb┬М f┬Ш┬Гg┬ЫE f┬г┬А1 i├Йg┬Т- ┬вD(* exB&* i├Й┬г┬Т~{- x┬Ю┬Г-H ,*┬б┬ЫD* o4b1 i├Й)b┬ЖD* ┬Щ~┬ж- ┬дgD* f┬П┬Х┬Й┬ШD* ┬дFbc┬ШD* *K 2]< ┬е┬бp- hFbC ,*┬б┬ЫD* f┬П┬А┬ЫE ┬Э&* ┬в┬Х< ┬Б)*xsD* ┬Ч]- b┬ШC fCxg~{E ib0b~z+ ┬Ъ┬б┬гD* ┬вg0 *K 2┬б/┬бE ┬Ч*yJ ┬░ bG]0&* f┬г┬Х┬гEx+ 2┬б┬П< i*3 ┬Э┬б┬Т- ┬Э&* ┬Ь┬Т┬ШJ ┬дgD* f┬гD┬б┬АD*

33 тАл╪зя╗Яя║Шя╗Дя╗о╪▒ ╪зя╗Яя╗Мя╗дя║о╪зя╗зя╗▓ я╗Яя╗дя║кя╗│я╗ия║Ф ╪▒╪з┘Е ╪з ┘Ия╗гя║оя╗Ыя║░я╗ля║О ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓тАм

,x┬П~{D* ,4b0 x~{< ┬З~6bgD* ┬Эx┬ПD* fJb┬ЮF ┬ЬE f┬Х~|┬М┬ЫE ┬Ц1*]┬Ш+ ┬Ь┬гJ┬бg~z┬Ш+ ╧о╧о ┬д0├Й┬МD* h┬гcD* f┬Х+b┬П┬ШD* fp┬М~|D*

╧п╧о

f~z┬г┬Ы┬ТD* $b~{F(b+ &*]g+* ]┬ПA bK ┬П0┬░ 2x┬М┬Ы┬ШD* ┬д┬Ы┬Т~zD* $b┬ЫcD* bG├Й zC3┬б.4&┬░* ┬ЪHx@@ ┬ХD exD* ┬д@@ ┬Хm- xJ2 f@@ ┬гFbjD* f@@ ┬г~zC3┬б.4&┬░* ┬д+┬б┬ЫmD* ┬дBx~{D* ┬Оx┬АD* ┬в┬Х< ╧н╧╡╧┤╧м b@@ J4 ┬б+&* ╧н╧┤╧▒╧м ┬Ъb┬ЖD* 4Hbm┬ШD* x@@ J]D* $b┬Ыc+ &*]@@ g+* ┬Э┬б┬ТJ ┬Э&* ┬Ь@@ ┬Т┬Ш┬ШD* ┬ЬEH n@@ ┬г~z┬Ы┬ХD ┬аbm-b+ ┬З~6┬бg┬ХD ┬Чbm┬ШD* ]J]mD* $b┬ЫcD* qgA ╧н╧┤╧о╧▒ ┬Ъb@@ ┬ЖD* b┬Ю┬ХcB ┬З~6┬б- ┬УD3 ┬Зc- 15 @@ 8*xg┬ШD* n┬г~z┬ЫD* o4b@@ 1 $b┬Ыc┬ХDH ┬Сx@@ ~{D* ┬Ь┬г-├ЙD* xJ2 $b┬Ыc+ 4Hb@@ m┬ШD* ┬дBx~{D* ┬дDb┬Ш~{D* q@@ ┬М~zD* ┬аbm-b+ 1913 ┬Ъb┬ЖD* ┬Ь┬г-├ЙD f~6]┬П┬ШD* f@@ ┬Х)b┬ЖD* f~z┬г┬ЫCH ╧н╧┤╧▓╧м ┬Ъb┬ЖD* 5]Fx┬МD* ┬Чy┬ЫE $b┬Ыc+ bK @ @Bx~7 ┬З~6┬бgD* ┬Щ- b┬ШC 1954 ,4H]@@ B

$b┬Ы+ b┬Ю┬Жc- 1954 ,4H]@@ B ╧н╧┤╧┤╧о ┬Ъb┬ЖD* ┬Ь┬г┬Х~6x┬ШD* h@@ ┬г+

1887 ┬Ъb┬ЖD* ┬Ь@@ ┬г-├ЙD* xJ2 e┬б┬Ы/ f┬г┬М┬П~6&┬░* f@@ ┬г┬Х┬гmF(┬░* f@@ ~z┬г┬ЫC ┬Ъ*4 ┬д~9*4&* ┬в@@ ~|B&* ┬дA bK Bx~7 ┬д@@ ┬Ы+ b@@ ┬ШC ╧н╧╡╧┤╧о ┬Ь@@ ┬гGb~7

5]Fx┬МD* f~64]EH 16 ╧н╧╡╧н╧м ┬Ъb@@ ┬ЖD* 5x┬ТJ┬б┬ТD* ┬Иb┬Шg/* h@@ ┬г+ ├С* ╧н╧╡╧┤╧м bJ4 ┬б+&* ,x┬гcD* ┬д~9*4&* ┬дA 1913 ┬Ъb┬ЖD* ┬дA ┬Ь┬г┬Ыc┬ХD ┬е4bmgD* ┬Вb~{┬ЫD* ├С* ┬Ъ*4 ┬дA ┬е4bmgD* ┬Вb@@ ~{┬ЫD* f┬гsJ4bgD* ┬З/*x┬ШD* x@@ Cw- ┬░ ┬Э&* ]C'┬б┬ШD* ┬Ь@@ E ┬ЯF&* ┬░(* x~{< ┬З~6bgD* ┬Эx@@ ┬ПD* ┬Н~|g┬ЫE ┬Ц@@ cB *K yCxE ├С* ┬Ъ*4 ├Й@K @ <b/ ]┬Ж+ b@@ ┬Ш┬гA ┬Нj┬Т- ]B ┬Вb@@ ~{┬ЫD* *w@@ G u4'┬б┬ШD* xC3 x~{< ┬З~zgD* ┬Эx┬ПD* x1*H&* ┬дA ┬Б┬гp┬Ш┬ХD bK J4bm ┬ЬJx~{┬ЖD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ┬Ь@@ E ┬ЧH&┬░* ]┬П┬ЖD* fJ*]+ ┬дA hF*x/ ┬б@@ Gb┬гD(* ┬вg0 f┬г<*4yD* ┬Ц┬Ю~zD* f┬П┬А┬ЫE 2┬б/┬бD e┬б┬ЫmD* ┬ЬE *K 4┬б~|pE f┬П┬А┬Ы┬ШD* ┬У┬Х- ┬бpF ┬З~6┬бgD* ┬Ц; 15 ╧н╧╡╧о╧│ ┬Ъb┬ЖD* ┬Ц┬Ю~zD* ┬И4b~7 ┬Р~7 ┬Щ bJ4 ┬б+&* ┬Ц┬г┬Х1 xCwJ b┬Ш┬Ы┬г+ 5x┬ТJ┬б┬ТD* f┬М)b: ┬Иb┬Шg/* h┬гcD ┬дFHxg┬ТD(┬░* ┬ЗB┬б┬ШD* 4]~|┬ШD* 16 ╧н╧╡╧м╧▓ ┬Ъb┬ЖD* ┬д┬Ы+ ]B ┬Иb┬Шg/┬░* h┬г+ ┬Э&* ╚Ж(╧н╧╡╧┤╧о) ┬Ь┬гGb~7 yJy<H ╚Ж(╧н╧╡╧┤╧м)

35 тАл╪зя╗Яя║Шя╗Дя╗о╪▒ ╪зя╗Яя╗Мя╗дя║о╪зя╗зя╗▓ я╗Яя╗дя║кя╗│я╗ия║Ф ╪▒╪з┘Е ╪з ┘Ия╗гя║оя╗Ыя║░я╗ля║О ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓тАм

┬ЧH&┬░* ┬д┬Ы┬Т~zD* ┬б┬Ш┬ЫD* ┬вDH&┬░* f┬Х0x┬ШD* ┬З~6bgD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ┬Б@@ ~6*H&* w┬ЫE ┬дFb┬Т~zD*H ┬д@@ F*x┬Ш┬ЖD* ┬б┬Ш┬ЫD* y@@ ┬г┬Ш ,]< ┬Ц0*x┬Ш+ ┬в@@ DH&┬░* f@@ ┬г┬ШDb┬ЖD* ex@@ pD* fJb┬ЮF ┬в@@ g0H x@@ ~{< bE ┬ЧH&┬░* ┬д┬Ы┬Т~zD* ┬б┬Ш┬ЫD* b┬Юg┬г┬Ш~z- ┬Ь┬Т┬ШJ ┬вDH&* f┬Х0x┬Ш+ i&*]g+* l]pJ ┬ЩDH ┬е┬б~┬ж< ┬Ц┬Т@@ ~{+ ┬Щ- ┬ЯF&* ┬ЧH&┬░* ┬д┬Ы┬Т~zD* ┬б@@ ┬Ш┬ЫD* y┬г┬ШJ &*]g+* k┬г0 ┬д~9*4&┬░* i┬░b┬Ш┬Жg~6* H&* f@@ JHx┬ПD* f┬г┬ЫcD* ┬дA *K x┬г┬Й ,2┬б/┬б┬ШD* f@@ ┬г~6b~6&┬░* f@@ J]┬г┬Х┬ПgD* @@ 7*┬б0&├ЙD ┬д@@ ┬Ж┬гc: ┬З@@ ~6┬бg+ 7*┬б0&┬░* dFbm+ ,]@@ J]/ 7*┬б0&* H&* i┬б@@ ┬г+ ┬СbpD(* ┬Ч├Й1 ┬Ь@@ E f┬А┬г~z+ f┬г0├ЙA i┬б┬г+ $b┬Ы+ ┬вD(* ┬Ч┬бp- bE ┬Эb<x~6H ,2┬б@@ /┬б┬ШD* ,*┬бF bK ┬П0┬░ h@@ ┬Х┬Т~7 ,*┬б┬ЫD* ┬О*x:&* ┬в@@ ┬Х< ,2x┬М┬ЫE f@@ /H2yE H&* ib0b~z+ f@@ ~8*xgE i┬б@@ ┬гcC bK 0bg┬МF* x@@ jC&* ,]@@ J]/ i├Й@@ g┬ТgD fAbC ibGbm-┬░* ┬З@@ ~6┬бgD* ┬Ц┬Ш~7 f┬П┬Х┬ЙE 7*┬б0&* ┬ЭH2 f@@ ┬гEbE&* ┬Чb┬Ш~7 ├ЙK Eb~7 ┬д@@ Bx~{D* ┬Чb┬Ш~{D* ┬аb@@ m-b+ xcC&┬░* ┬З@@ ~6┬бgD* ┬ЭbCH ,]J]/ ┬Р:b┬ЫE $b~{F(┬░ ,x@@ J]┬ПD* ┬д0 ┬аbm-b+ f/xpD* f@@ ┬П┬А┬ЫE bK ┬П0┬░ 8*xg┬ШD* ┬е]┬г┬Х┬ПgD* n┬г~z┬ЫD* ┬Ь@@ E ,x┬гcC f0b~zE h┬Х┬Т~7 ,x┬П~{D* ┬И4b@@ ~{D ┬д+┬б┬ЫmD* 4┬б@@ p┬ШD* ┬Ч┬б: ┬в┬Х< ┬З@@ ~6┬бgD* ┬Щ- b@@ ┬ШC 14 K b~┬жJ&* ┬е4bmgD* ┬Вb~{┬ЫD*H ib~z~6'┬б┬ШD* $b┬Ы+ f┬гFbjD* f┬Х0x┬ШD* ┬ЬE ┬дG f┬ШJ]┬ПD* ,]┬ХcD* ┬Сx~7 f┬г┬ЫJ]D*H fEb┬ЖD* ┬дFbc┬ШD* ┬Э&* ]@@ ┬Пg┬ЖJ ┬дgD* ├С* ┬Ъ*4 ┬дA 8*xg┬ШD* n┬г~z┬ЫD* o4b1 $b┬ЫcD* ibJ*]cD @@ z~6&Q *

expD* fJb┬ЮF ┬вD(* x@@ ~{< ┬З~6bgD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ┬Н~|g┬ЫE ┬Ь@@ E ,x@@ g┬МD* ═Ш╧п═Ш╧о (1918 ═▓ ╧н╧┤╧▒╧м) ┬вDH&┬░* f┬г┬ШDb┬ЖD* 4*x┬Шg~6b+ ┬Ъb@@ < ┬Ц┬Т@@ ~{+ ┬Ь@@ ┬г┬А~z┬ХA ┬д@@ A ,x@@ g┬МD* ┬аw@@ G iy@@ ┬г┬Ш ┬ЪH]B ┬Я┬Жc- ┬еw@@ D*H fJx~|┬ШD* f┬Х┬ШpD* ┬З@@ E &*]+ ┬еwD* rb@@ g┬МF┬░* ┬вD(* ,xm┬ЮD* f@@ J*]+ bG├Й- fJx┬г~{cgD* ib@@ ┬гDb~64(┬░*H ib@@ j┬ЖcD* hD┬б0 ┬дgD* ┬Ь┬г┬А~z┬ХA ┬дA f@@ J4*2(┬░* ib0├Й~8(┬░*H ┬Ь┬гg┬г┬ТJxE&┬░* 8 1954 ,4H]B ╧н╧╡╧м╧о ┬Ъb@@ ┬ЖD* f┬г0bF fc~|B ┬в@@ D(* ├С* ┬Ъ*4 1918 1914 ┬Ь┬г+ bE ┬вDH&┬░* f┬г┬ШDb┬ЖD* expD* ┬Щ. ┬Ь@@ EH ╧░╧о bG4┬б┬А-H ├С* ┬Ъ*4 ┬б┬ШF ┬в┬Х< x1%b+ H&* ┬Ц┬Т~{+ b┬Ю┬Ж┬г┬Ш/ ix.&* ┬дgD* ┬в┬Х< fJHx┬ПD* ├С* ┬Ъ*4 f┬г┬Ы+ ┬в┬Х< i*4┬б┬АgD* ┬аwG h~z┬Т┬ЖF* ┬еHx┬ПD* ┬Ъb┬Г┬ЫD* ┬Ц1*2 4┬б┬АgD*H ┬З~6┬бgD* b┬ЮDH&* ┬ЭbC ,]< ┬Ц0*xE x~{< ┬З~6bgD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ┬Б~6*H&* ┬ЬE f~8bs+H ┬Я~z┬МF ┬д<*4yD* 2b┬Жg+┬░*H f.*]pD*H ┬Э]┬ШgD* ibJ*]+ f┬Х0xE b┬Юg┬Х- ┬Я-bJb┬ЮF ┬вg0H x~{< ┬З~6bgD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ibJb┬ЮF ┬дA f<*4yD* ┬Ь< ┬дmJ4]gD* ,]< 4┬бE&* ┬УD3 ┬дA h┬ШGb~6 ]BH ┬ЬJx~{┬ЖD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ibJ*]+H 64*]┬ШDbC fEb┬ЖD*H f┬г┬ЫJ]D* ┬дFbc┬ШD* ┬ЬE ]J]┬ЖD* $b~{F(* b┬Ю┬ЫE f:x~{D*H f┬г0b┬ЫD* yCx┬ШC ┬Щ┬ТpD* ib~z~6'┬бE ┬дFbcE $b~{F(*H ┬дgD* ┬е4bmgD* ┬Вb~{┬ЫD* ┬Н┬гj┬Т-H ╧н╧╡╧м╧┤ ┬Ъb┬ЖD* fJ]┬ХcD* z┬г~6&b-H ┬дA x~7bcE x┬г┬Й- ┬вD(* I2&* bE ┬д┬ЫJ]┬ШD* ┬Ч┬бpg┬ХD b┬Ю┬Ж┬г┬Ш/ i]┬ЮE l├Й. ]J]p- ┬Ь┬Т┬ШJH f<*4yD* ┬Ь< *K ]┬г┬Ж+ ┬д~9*4&┬░* i┬░b┬Ш┬Жg~6* ┬дgD* f┬гsJ4bgD* ,xg┬МD* ┬аwG ┬дA ┬дF*x┬Ш┬ЖD* 4┬б┬АgD* ┬ЬE ┬Ц0*xE ┬дsJ4bgD* n┬г~z┬ЫD* ┬б┬ШF ┬дA ib┬М┬А┬Ж┬ЫE ┬Ц┬Т~{-

┬Ь:b+ ,x<┬бD* zJ4b~┬жgD* dc~z+ ex┬ЙD*H ┬д+x┬ЙD* ┬Чb┬Ш~{D* f┬Ю/ ┬ЬE ┬д┬Ж┬гc: 4b~zpF* ┬ЗE 14 ┬ЦcB ┬ЬE ]/H n┬г~z┬ЫD $b┬Ы+ ,2b<(* H&* ,]J]/ 7*┬б0&* $b┬Ы+ ┬Щ- *3(* bE ┬ЪymD* ┬Ь┬Т┬ШJ ┬░H *┬б┬ЮD* f┬гBx~{D* f┬П┬А┬Ы┬ШD* ┬Щ┬Г┬ЖE ┬Ъ]GH ,xg┬МD* ┬У┬Х- ┬ЬE ib0┬б~z┬ШD* f┬Х┬ПD f┬гBx~{D* f┬П┬А┬Ы┬ШD* ┬дA f/xpD* ┬дA ib~8bcD* ┬НB┬бE fEbB(* ]┬Ы<

┬ЬE ┬вDH&┬░* f┬г┬ШDb┬ЖD* expD* fJb┬ЮF b┬Ю:b┬ПgD* ┬Щ- ┬дgD*H ┬Сx~{D* f┬Ю/ ┬ЬE ├С* ┬Ъ*4 f┬ЫJ]┬ШD fJ┬б/ ,4┬б~8 1918 1917 ┬Ъb< ┬е4bAbcD* ┬е┬бmD* ┬Р┬Х┬г┬МD* ┬ЦcB

┬дFbjD* ┬д┬Ы┬Т~zD* ┬б┬Ш┬ЫD* fjDbjD* f┬Х0x┬ШD* ┬ЗJ5┬бgD*H ┬е4b@@ ┬Ш┬Ж┬ШD* ┬ЬJ┬б┬ТgD* i*3 ┬Э*┬б@@ ┬г┬ХD* i┬б┬г+ 4┬б┬Ю; @@ z~6&* ,]┬ХcD* ┬О*x@@ :&* ┬в┬Х< f@@ ~8b1 f┬ПJ]0 ┬З@@ E k@@ J]pD* ┬д@@ =*x┬МD* ┬д┬Ы┬Т~zD* ┬б@@ ┬Ш┬ЫD* f┬Х0xE y@@ ┬гE ┬еwD* ┬Э]┬ШgD* ib@@ J*]cD f@@ ┬ШJ]┬ПD* h┬г+ ┬Ц@@ jE ]@@ ┬ПA ,]@@ g┬Ш┬ШD* f@@ ┬Х)b┬ЖD* ┬Ь@@ < ┬Чb@@ ~|┬МF┬░*H ┬д@@ FbjD* ┬ЧH&┬░* ┬Чbj┬ШD* ╧н╧╡╧м╧о f┬ШJ]┬ПD* ,]@@ ┬ХcD* ex= ┬Чb┬Ш~7 6b+4]D* $b┬г0&┬░* ┬Ь@@ E ]J]/ ┬И┬б@@ F 5Hx@@ cD ┬Чbm┬ШD* q@@ gA ┬еw@@ D* u4'┬б@ @┬ШD* 8*xg┬ШD* n┬г~z┬ЫD* o4b@@ 1 ┬Р)*]p+ f┬Х┬Пg~zE i┬б┬г+ f@@ ┬г┬Ы┬Т~zD* i┬░b┬Ш┬Жg~6*H ,b@@ ┬г0 ┬Б┬ШF bK @ @~zCb< ╧о╧м╧м╧о ,4b@@ ~{+H f@@ c┬ЖmD*

┬еHx┬ПD* n┬г~z┬ЫD* d┬гCx- ┬Ь< ┬Н┬Хgs- ,]J]/ 9*4&* ┬ЬJx~{┬ЖD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ┬ЬE ┬дFbjD*H ┬ЧH&┬░* ┬ЬJ]┬П┬ЖD* ┬дA ┬б┬Ш┬ЫD* *wG &*]+ n@@ ┬г~z┬ЫD* ┬Сx@@ ~7 ib@@ ~z~6'┬б┬ШD* ┬д@@ ┬Ы┬Т~zD* ┬б@@ ┬Ш┬ЫD* 5Hb@@ m- k@@ ┬г0 f~8bs+H f┬А┬гp┬ШD* ┬Ч├Й@@ gD* 6&*4 ┬в┬Х< 4b@@ ~{gF┬░*H @@ 8*xg┬ШD* ┬Чy┬ЫE b┬Ю┬ШG&* ,x@@ J]┬ПD*H ,4b@@ ┬Ы┬ШD* f┬П┬А┬ЫE f@@ ┬гBx~{D* f@@ ┬ХgD* f┬Х+b┬П┬ШD* f┬ХgD* ┬в@@ ┬Х< x1%* 4b~{gF* ┬а├Й@@ - ┬д┬Ы┬г+]D* ,2┬б@@ < 6b┬гD(* e┬б┬Ы/ ├ЙK ┬г┬ХB ┬З~6┬бgD* ┬Щ- b┬ШC ┬ЩJ]┬ПD* ┬в┬М~{g~z┬ШD* ┬Ч┬б@@ 0 b+┬б┬Ы/ ,x┬П~{D* ┬И4b@@ ~7 e┬б┬Ы/ 4┬б@@ p┬ШD* 2*]gE* ┬в@@ ┬Х< f┬ШJ]┬ПD* ,]@@ ┬ХcD* ,x┬г┬АD* ┬аbm-b+ b┬Ю+x=H

bK J4bm- ├Й@K @ pE ╧░╧м $b~|0(b+ ┬З~9*┬бgE ┬е4b@@ m- ┬Вb~{F 2┬б@@ /H yCx┬Ш- ┬Э&* xC3 b┬ШC ╚Ж('╞М─В┼╢╞Ъ═Х ╧н╧╡╧м╧│═ХW╧н╧╡╧▒) ,2]@@ ┬ЖgE ┬Ь@@ ┬Ю┬Ш+ xJ2 eb+ ┬ЪbE&* f┬ЖB*┬бD* f@@ ┬П┬А┬Ы┬ШD* ┬дA ┬ЭbC ┬е4bmgD* ┬Вb@@ ~{┬ЫD* ┬ЬE H&* f@@ J4bmgD* i├Йp┬ШD* ┬Ч├Й@@ 1 ┬ЬE $*┬б~6 ex@@ D* ┬д@@ ┬Хm ┬Эb┬Т┬ШC ┬И4b~{D* *┬бE]sg~6* ┬Ь@@ JwD* ┬Ь┬гD┬бmg┬ШD* f<bcD* ┬Ч├Й1 2]┬ШgD* ┬Э&* ╧н╧╡╧┤╧о ┬Ь┬гGb~7 x@@ CwJ b┬ШC ┬Щ┬Юg<b~┬ж+ 9x┬ЖD f┬г/4]┬Ы┬ТD* ┬И4b@@ ~{+ ┬Оx┬ЖJ bE i├ЙpE $b~{F(b+ ┬Сx@@ ~{D* ┬аb@@ m-b+ ┬дD*┬б0 l]@@ 0 ]B ┬ЪHxD* x@@ J2 ┬И4b~7 ┬ЬE ┬д@@ Db┬Ш~{D* ┬Щ@@ ~z┬ПD*

╧н╧╡╧н╧м ┬Ъb┬ЖD* x~{< ┬З~6bgD* ┬Эx@@ ┬ПD* ib@@ Jb┬ЮF ┬ЬE f14'┬б┬ШD* 4┬б@@ ~|D* x@@ ┬Ю┬Г-H ┬И4b~{D* ┬д@@ A fJ4bmgD* i├Й@@ p┬ШD*H ┬е4bmgD* ┬Вb@@ ~{┬ЫD* y@@ Cx┬Ш xJ]+ *K 4HxE "┬Ц┬г┬ХsD* ┬Ъb┬ПE" f┬ШJ]┬ПD* ,*┬б┬ЫD* yCxE ┬ЬE ┬Ц~8*┬бD* ┬Ь┬г-├ЙD* xJ2 ┬аbm-b+ *K 2┬б@@ ┬Ж~8H zC3┬б.4&┬░* ┬ЪHx┬ХD exD* ┬д@@ ┬Хm f┬ЖB*┬бD* ┬Ь@@ ┬гCbC]D* ┬е┬бp- 17 ,4b@@ ┬Ы┬ШD* 4*H2 ┬аb@@ m-b+ bK @ @┬гDb0

┬Ч]J {┬П┬Ы+ tJ4b- xm0 f┬г~zC3┬б.4&┬░* f┬г~z┬Ы┬ТD* ┬Чb@@ ┬Ш~7 ,x~7bcE 4┬б┬Ю; f┬Х0x┬ШD* ┬У@@ ┬Х- y┬г┬ШJ bE 1881 f┬Ы~6 b┬Ю)b┬Ы+ t@@ J4b- ┬в@@ ┬Х< f┬М┬г;┬бD* f@@ ┬А┬ХgsE f┬гF]E $b@@ ┬Ы+ ┬Вb@@ ┬ШF&b+ f@@ J4bmgD* ┬И4*┬б@@ ~{D* ┬Я┬ЖB┬б┬Ш+ ┬Чy┬Ы┬ШD* 8bsD* ┬Ь< ┬ЭbC]D* ┬Ъb┬Ж┬ХD q~9*H ┬Ц~|AH ┬Я┬М┬Х1 H&* ┬ЭbC]D* ┬в┬Х<&*

x┬г┬г┬Й- ┬Щ- ]B f┬гsJ4bgD* i├Йp┬ШD* ┬ЬE x┬гj┬Т┬ХD fJ4b┬Ш┬Ж┬ШD* ib┬Ю/*┬бD* ┬Э&* b┬ЫG ┬аxC3 xJ]mD* ┬ЬE 17 ┬ЗE b┬Юg┬П+b┬АE H&* b┬Ю)b~{F(* ┬ЬE5 xJ]┬П- bK Fb┬г0&* d┬Ж~|J k┬гp+ ,2]┬ЖgE i*xgA ┬в┬Х< b┬Ю┬ШDb┬ЖE f┬гsJ4bgD* i├Йm~zD*H ┬Р)b.┬бD*

37 тАл╪зя╗Яя║Шя╗Дя╗о╪▒ ╪зя╗Яя╗Мя╗дя║о╪зя╗зя╗▓ я╗Яя╗дя║кя╗│я╗ия║Ф ╪▒╪з┘Е ╪з ┘Ия╗гя║оя╗Ыя║░я╗ля║О ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓тАм

1918 ┬Ъb< ├С* ┬Ъ*4 ,]┬ХcD ┬дF*x┬Ш┬ЖD* n┬г~z┬ЫD*

(1948 ═▓ ╧н╧╡╧о╧м) ┬дFb┬АJxcD* e*]gF┬░* ,xgA ═Ш╧░═Ш╧о

fJ]┬ХcD* ┬ЪbE&* f┬ШJ]B M┬ЭbcE ┬Ъ]GH ┬И4*┬б~{D* ┬З┬г~6┬б- ┬Щ-H fJ]┬ХcD* bJ4 ┬б+&* ╧н╧╡╧о╧░ ┬Ъb@@ ┬ЖD* f/xpD* f┬П┬А┬ЫE ┬д@@ A ┬Н)b┬П~zD* ┬Ъ]@@ GH f┬П┬А┬Ы┬ШD* ┬░K ┬бpE ┬Ц┬Ю~zD* ┬И4b~7 ┬Р~7 ╧н╧╡╧о╧│ ┬Ъb@@ ┬ЖD* ┬дAH 1985 fJ4bm- M┬ЭbcEH ,xm~{E f~┬жJx< ┬И4*┬б~{+ fJ4bm- ┬вD(* f┬г<*45 ┬ЬE fJ]┬ХcD* ┬в┬ЫcE fJ]┬ХcD* ┬И4b~7 ┬в┬Х< ┬Щ┬гB&*H ┬Ъ*]sg~6┬░* ,2]@@ ┬ЖgEH ┬Р~7 ┬Щ- b┬ШC fJyCx┬ШD* 4b~┬жsD* ┬С┬б~6H ╧н╧╡╧░╧м 1936 ┬ЩJ]┬ПD* ╧о╧о f/xp┬ХD ┬░K ┬б~8H f┬ШJ]┬ПD* ,]┬ХcD* ┬Ц1*2 ┬д~z┬г)xD* ┬И4b~{D* ,x┬гcD* ├С* ┬Ъ*4 4┬бpEH ,4b┬Ы┬ШD* ,]┬П┬ЖC 1918 ┬Ъb┬Ж┬ХD fJ┬бmD* 4┬б@@ ~|D* ┬дA ,4b┬Ы┬ШD* f┬П┬А┬ЫE x┬Ю┬Г ,x┬гcD*H ├С* ┬Ъ*4 ┬Ь┬г+ ┬Б+*xD* z┬г)xD* ┬РJx┬АD* ┬в┬Х< i├Й@@ ~8*┬бE ,]< ┬И4*┬б~7 $b@@ ┬ПgD* ┬ЬE bK J┬б┬М< h┬Х┬Т~{- @@ 6]┬ПD* ┬д@@ DbgDb+H

┬Ъb┬ЖD* f┬П┬А┬Ы┬ШD* ┬З@@ ┬г~6┬бg+ hFbC ,4b┬Ы┬Ш┬ХD f@@ ┬г┬А┬г┬Аs- ,┬б@@ ┬А1 ┬ЧH&* ┬И4*┬б~7 ┬в┬Пg┬Х┬ШC b@@ ┬Ю┬А┬г┬Аs- bG├Й- 1985 b@@ J4 ┬б@@ +&* ╧н╧╡╧о╧п "4b┬ЖmD* ┬Сx┬МE" @+ ┬в<]- hFbCH ╧н╧╡╧о╧│ ┬Б┬АsE ┬дA ┬еy@@ CxE xJ┬б┬А- ┬Щ. ┬ЬEH $b@@ +x┬Ю┬ТD* rbg┬МE ┬З~9┬бA 1935 ┬Ъb@@ ┬ЖD* ┬дA bE&* ┬дA ├С* ┬Ъ*4 i├Й@@ )b┬ЖD f┬Хj┬Ш┬ШD* 2┬б@@ ~6&┬░* ┬Ц┬г.b┬Ш- ┬З@@ ~9HH 4*H]@@ D* ╧о╧п ib┬Ы┬г┬Ж+4&┬░*

1946 ┬Ъb┬ЖD* r├Й~8H ]J]0 4*2 ┬Ъ]G ┬Ч├Й1 ┬ЬE ╧о╧о ┬Эb<x~6 ┬Ь┬ТDH ┬д┬Ш~7b┬ЮD* 4*H]Db+ f┬гF24&┬░* ,xg┬МD* ┬Ч├Й1 f┬А┬г~z+ ,xg┬МD 4*H]D* f┬г┬Ш~z- h┬Ш- ╧о╧п ┬Щ. ┬ЬEH ┬д┬Х┬г)*x~6(┬░* ┬Ч├Йg0┬░* ,xgA ┬дA 4*H]D* ┬Ъ]G ]BH ┬Я┬гD(* Y,4b┬Ы┬ШD*Z ┬Щ~6* ]┬г<&* bE f┬г┬Ы┬г┬А~z┬Х┬МD* f┬г┬Ы:┬бD* f┬А┬Х~zD* ┬ЪH]B ]┬Ж+ ]J]/ ┬Щ┬г┬Ш~|g+ 1994 ┬Ъb┬ЖD* ┬а'Hb┬Ы+ ]┬г<&*

╧н╧╡╧о╧│ ┬Ъb@@ ┬ЖD* ┬дAH ╧н╧╡╧о╧░ ┬Ъb@@ ┬ЖD* ,x┬гcD* ┬З@@ E 2H]pD* ┬Щ@@ ┬г~6x ┬дA h┬ШGb~6 f@@ ┬г┬Ш┬г┬Г┬Ы- f:4b1 ┬ЧH&* x@@ ┬г~┬жpg+ f@@ J]┬ХcD* h@@ EbB ┬Щ┬г┬Г┬Ы- ┬Ч├Й1 ┬Ь@@ E kJ]pD* ┬д┬ЫJ]┬ШD* ┬З@@ +b┬АD* ,]┬ХcD* $b@@ ┬А<(* fjJ]pD* ┬Сx@@ ┬АD* $b@@ ~{F(*H ,]@@ ┬ХcD* 2H]@@ 0 ┬Щ┬г~6x-H $b@@ ┬ЫcD* 4Hbp┬ШD* ┬Б┬Аs┬ШD* z~6&* f@@ J┬б~zgD*H ib0┬б~z┬ШD* ┬вD(* f@@ Ab~9(* f┬Тc~7 2b┬Ш< ┬Э%┬░* ┬Ц┬Т~{- ┬д@@ gD* i├Й~8*┬б┬Ш┬ХD ,]J]mD* f@@ ┬г~z┬г)xD* f┬П┬А┬ЫE f~8bs+H ├С* ┬Ъ*4 f@@ ┬ЫJ]E ┬д@@ A f@@ ┬гDbpD* i├Й@@ ~8*┬б┬ШD* ┬РJx:H f~┬ж┬Ю┬ЫD*H rbc~|E ┬Ь┬г<H f<*3(┬░* ┬И4*┬б@@ ~7H ,4b┬Ы┬ШD* ┬д┬ХG&┬░* ┬в┬М~{g~z┬ШD* ┬И4b~7H bAbJ ┬И4b~7 ┬УJx< ┬Ь┬г<H b┬гF┬бg┬г+ ╧о╧м 6]┬ПD* ┬И4b~7H b┬Ю┬ХJ┬бp-H f@@ ┬ЫJ]┬ШD* ┬Ц┬г┬Шmg+ hA┬░ ┬Ц┬Т@@ ~{+ fJ]┬ХcD* h┬ШgG* b@@ ┬ШC ┬Ч├Й1 ┬ЬE ┬УD3 x┬Ю┬ГJH ┬Ь┬г-b~zcDb+ f_┬г┬ХE $*x@@ ~┬ж1 f┬ЫJ]E ┬вD(* ┬З┬гm~{- ┬в@@ ┬Х< ┬Ц┬Ш┬ЖD*H ,]@@ J]mD* ┬И4*┬б@@ ~{D* x@@ ┬гm~{g+ b@@ G4*xB ,4H]B ╧н╧╡╧о╧н ┬Ъb@@ ┬ЖD* f@@ ┬гDy┬Ы┬ШD* ┬Р@@ )*]pD* x@@ ┬гm~{g+ ┬Эb┬Т@@ ~zD* ╧о╧н fEb┬ЖD* ┬Р)*]pD* $b~{F(* fDHbpEH 1954 ┬ЬJx~{┬ЖD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ib┬г┬Ы┬г.├Й. ┬вg0 f┬ШJ]┬ПD* ,]┬ХcD* f┬П┬А┬ЫE h┬г┬П+ ┬Ц1*2 4b┬Шjg~6┬░*H $b┬ЫcD* x┬Шg~6* k┬г0 bK ┬г~6b~6&* bK J4bm- *K y@@ CxE ┬И4b~7H ┬Ц@@ ┬Ю~zD* ┬И4b@@ ~{C f┬П~8├Й┬ШD* ┬Р@@ :b┬Ы┬ШD* ┬д@@ AH f@@ ┬П┬А┬Ы┬ШD* ┬Н~84 ┬Щ- b┬ШC f┬г~z┬г)xD* ┬И4*┬б~{D* ┬Щ┬Г┬ЖE ]┬гc┬Ж-H ┬Н~84H ┬Р~7 bK ~┬жJ&* ,xg┬МD* ┬У┬Х- ┬дA ┬Щ- ╧о╧м ┬И4b~{D* ]┬гc┬Ж-H ╧н╧╡╧о╧│ ┬Ъb┬ЖD* ┬Ц┬Ю~zD* ┬И4b~7 ┬Р~7H 1919 ┬Ъb┬ЖD* f┬Ш~|pDb+ f┬Ш)b┬ПD* ┬И4*┬б~{D* ┬Щ- b┬ШC ╧н╧╡╧п╧о ┬Ъb┬ЖD* ┬Ь┬г┬Ыc┬ХD 5]Fx┬МD* f~64]E ┬вg0H ╧н╧╡╧о╧┤ ┬Ъb┬ЖD* ,4b┬Ы┬ШD* ┬вg0 ┬д~z┬г)xD* ┬Ц~8*┬б- ┬д┬П+ ,xg┬МD* ┬У┬Х- ┬Ч├Й1 ┬ЯF&* ┬аxC3 xJ]mD* ┬ЬEH ╧н╧╡╧░╧м ┬Ъb┬ЖD* f<*3(┬░* ┬И4b~7 ]┬гc┬Ж ┬ЪHxD* xJ2 ┬И4b~7 ┬Ч├Й1 ┬ЬE ,4b┬Ы┬ШD* ┬аbm-b+ ┬З~6┬бgD* ┬ЗE yCx┬ШD* 4┬бC3 f~64]E 94&* ┬дA ┬д~zC3┬б.4&┬░* ┬е2b┬ЫD* ┬Ц+b┬ПE b┬ШG*]0(* f┬ЫJ]┬ШD* ┬дA ┬Ь┬гg┬ПJ]0 r*xgB* ┬Щ- ╧о╧н bJ4 ┬б+&* ┬Ь┬гg┬ПJ]pD* ┬ЬE X┬е&* w┬г┬М┬Ы- ┬ЩgJ ┬ЩDH f/xpD* f┬П┬А┬ЫE ┬дA Ix1&┬░*H fJ┬бFbjD* ├С* ┬Ъ*4 1985

39 тАл╪зя╗Яя║Шя╗Дя╗о╪▒ ╪зя╗Яя╗Мя╗дя║о╪зя╗зя╗▓ я╗Яя╗дя║кя╗│я╗ия║Ф ╪▒╪з┘Е ╪з ┘Ия╗гя║оя╗Ыя║░я╗ля║О ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓тАм

┬б┬Ш┬ЫD* k┬г0 ┬ЬE ├С* ┬Ъ*xD f┬Ш┬Ю┬ШD* i*xg┬МD* ┬ЬE ,xg┬МD* ┬аwG xcg┬Ж I2&* o4bsD*H ┬Ц1*]D* ┬в┬Х< f┬ЫJ]┬ШD* ┬дDbG&* rbg┬МFbA ┬еx~┬жpD* b┬ШC bK ┬г.*]0 bK ┬г┬ЫJ]E $b@@ ┬Ы+ e┬б┬Х~6&*H ,b┬г0 ┬Б┬ШF ┬Щ┬Ю┬Х┬г~┬ж┬М- ┬в@@ D(* ┬Ь┬гF*┬б┬ПC fJ4*2(┬░* ib@@ ┬Ш┬г┬Г┬ЫgD* ┬дFb┬АJxcD* e*]@@ gF┬░* "lQ]0" ]JxcDbC ┬д@@ -b~z~6'┬б┬ШD* $b@@ ┬ЫcD* x@@ J┬б┬А- ┬в@@ D(* f@@ Ab~9(* $b@@ ┬ЫcD* h┬ШF ┬дF*x┬Ш┬ЖD* ┬З@@ ~6┬бgD* f┬г0bF ┬ЬE @@ 64*]┬ШD*H ┬Щ@@ Cbp┬ШD*H i*┬б┬Ы~6 ┬Ч├Й1 f~8bs+H fAbC ibGbm-┬░* ┬д@@ A h┬Ж~z-*H ,]┬ХcD* ┬е2x┬МD* $b┬ЫcD* ┬Б@@ ┬Й~9 ┬ЗE ┬З~6┬бgD* ┬в~7b┬Ш- ]@@ BH ib@@ ┬г┬ЫJx~{┬ЖD* ┬ЦcB ┬ЬE f@@ ┬г┬Ш┬г┬Г┬ЫgD* i├Й@@ 1]gD* ┬ж┬Ж+ ┬в@@ D(* f@@ Ab~9(* ┬Ц@@ )b┬ЮD* ┬ЭbC ┬еwD* ,4b┬Ы┬ШD* ┬аbm-b+ ┬ЩG&┬░*H xcC&┬░* ┬б┬Ш┬ЫD* ┬ЭbCH f@@ J]┬ХcD* ┬Ч├Й1 ┬З~6┬бgD* *wG x┬Шg~6*H ┬е4b@@ m-H ┬д┬Ы┬Т~6 ┬Ь┬г+ bE bK @ @┬А┬ХgsE *K ]J]/ *K yCxE ,4b┬Ы┬ШD* hpc~8&* ┬вg0 ┬дFbc┬ШD* h@@ ┬Мj┬Т-H ,xg┬МD* 18 ┬ЬJx~{┬ЖD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ┬ЬE ib┬г┬Ы┬г~z┬ШsD* ┬Ч├Й1 ,]┬Хc┬ХD ]J]mD* ┬д┬Х┬Т┬г┬ЮD* ┬Б┬Аs┬ШD*H fJ]┬ХcD* 4H2 ,]┬ХcD* ┬Ц┬г┬Т~{- ┬д@@ A bK ┬Ш~6b0 *K 4H2 f┬г┬Ш┬г┬Г┬ЫgD* i*$*x@@ /(┬░* h@@ c┬ЖD 4H2 ┬Эb┬ТA ┬д@@ ┬ЫJ]E ┬аbm-b+ b@@ ┬ЮpE├ЙE x┬г┬Й-H ,x@@ g┬МD* ┬У┬Х- ┬д@@ A d┬Х┬А+ &*]@@ +H ┬░K b┬ЖAH *K x@@ ┬гcC 4b@@ ┬Ш<(┬░*H ┬Щ┬г┬Г┬ЫgD* ┬д@@ A f@@ J]┬ХcD* ┬УD3 ┬Зc- 19 f┬ПAxE ib┬А┬АsE ┬ЗE $b┬Ы+ |14 ┬ЩJ]┬П- f@@ J]┬ХcD* 4b~{gF*H 1935 ┬Ъb┬ЖD* $b+x┬Ю┬ТD* ┬Ч┬б12 ,xg┬МD* ┬аwG ┬дA h┬Х~|0 ┬дgD* i*x┬г┬ЙgD* ┬ЩG&* ┬ЬE 18 ┬ЬE 2]< ┬Ъ]G ┬вD(* I2&* ┬еwD* ╧н╧╡╧о╧│ ┬Ъb┬ЖD* ┬Ч*yD5H ┬Э┬б:bcDbC fjJ]pD* $b┬ЫcD* 2*┬бE 1936 fJ]┬Хc┬ХD x┬ПE $b┬ЫcC f┬гE]sD* ib~z~6'┬б┬ШD* ┬ЬE ┬дAb~9(* 2]< $b~{F(*H ┬дFbc┬ШD* 1936 ┬Ъb┬ЖD* f┬Ж:b┬П┬ШDbC f┬гE┬б┬ТpD* ib~z~6'┬б┬ШD*H f~8bsD* 64*]┬ШD* ┬ЬE 2]<H ╧н╧╡╧░╧м o4b1 ┬дF*x┬Ш┬ЖD* ┬З~6┬бgD* ┬Нj┬Т-H ┬е4bmgD* yCx┬ШD* 4┬б┬А- b┬ШC 1936 ┬Ъb┬ЖD* f<*3(┬░* ┬в┬ЫcEH ┬дA i┬░┬бpgD* ┬аwG h~z┬Т┬ЖF* ]BH ┬д┬ЫJ]┬ШD* ┬Б┬Ш┬ЫD* ┬в┬Х< fjJ]0 f┬г┬Ы┬Т~6 $b┬г0&* z┬г~6&bg+ ,*┬б┬ЫD* f<*4yD* ┬Ь< *K ]┬г┬Ж+ ┬д~9*4&┬░* i┬░b┬Ш┬Жg~6* f~8bs+H ,b┬гpD* i┬░bmE ┬З┬г┬Ш/ ┬Н┬г~74&* ┬дA i]/H ┬дgD* ib┬А┬Аs┬ШD*H $b┬ЫcD* |14 ┬Ъ]B&* ┬Э&* ┬вD(* ,4b~7(┬░* 4]m- k┬г0 19 ╧н╧╡╧о╧мH 1918 ┬Ь┬г+ bE ┬Ъ*┬б<&┬░* ┬вD(* 2┬б┬Ж- fJ]┬ХcD*

┬Сx~{D* f┬Ю/ ┬ЬE ├С* ┬Ъ*4 f┬ЫJ]┬ШD ┬дFb┬АJx┬гD* e*]gF(┬░* ,xgA ┬ЬE 1937 ┬Ъb┬ЖD* fJ┬б/ f┬г┬М┬г~74&* ,4┬б~8 ┬Э┬б~z-bE f<┬б┬ШmE 6x┬ЙF┬б┬ТD* fcg┬ТE 4]~|┬ШD*

╧н╧╡╧п╧м ┬Ъb┬ЖD ,x┬гcD*H ├С* ┬Ъ*4 ┬дg┬ЫJ]E 9*┬б0&┬░ ┬Ь┬г┬А~z┬ХA q~zE f:4b1

1944 ┬Ъb@@ ┬ЖD* "]@@ ┬гD┬бD* b@@ ┬Ш┬Ы┬г~6" ├С* ┬Ъ*4 ┬д@@ A b@@ ┬Ш┬Ы┬г~6 4*2 ┬ЧH&* bK ~z~6'┬бE ┬д@@ F*x┬Ш┬ЖD* 4┬б┬АgD* x┬Шg~6* ]@@ BH ┬И4b~{D* 2*]@@ gE* ┬в┬Х< i*┬б┬Ы~6 ┬д@@ A ,x┬гcD*H ├С* ┬Ъ*4 ┬Ь@@ ┬г-]┬Хc┬ХD ]@@ J]/ yCx┬ШD ┬У@@ Dw+ ib┬г┬Ы┬г~z┬ШsD* f┬г0b┬г~zD* ib:b~{┬ЫD* i&*]@@ + ┬е4bmgD* ┬Вb~{┬ЫD* ┬в@@ D(* fAb~9(*H ┬ЬE ib┬г┬Ы┬г.├ЙjD* ib@@ J*]+ ┬Ь@@ E ├С* ┬Ъ*4 ┬дA 4┬б@@ ┬АgD*H 5Hx@@ cDb+ ┬С2b┬Ы┬МD* $b~{F(* ┬Ч├Й1 ┬ЬE 1985 b@@ J4 ┬б+&* ┬ЬJx~{┬ЖD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ┬С2b┬Ы┬МD* ┬дp+ ┬д@@ ┬Ш~6 bE ┬бGH ,4b┬Ы┬ШD* f@@ ┬П┬А┬ЫE ┬дA ┬д@@ Gb┬П┬ШD*H ┬Ъb┬ЖD* ┬Ц@@ ┬г-┬бG ]@@ F*xmD* ┬С]@@ ┬ЫA ,2┬б@@ < ┬С]┬ЫA ┬в@@ D(* f@@ Ab~9(* ex0 ┬С]┬ЫAH 1931

f┬г+*]gF┬░* ,xg┬МD* ┬дA ┬д┬Ы┬Т~zD* ┬б┬Ш┬ЫD* ┬УD3 ┬ЦcB h┬г┬Ы+ ]B b┬Ю-*┬бF hFbC ┬дgD* $b┬г0&┬░* ┬ЬE x┬гj┬ТD* h@@ ┬ШF 4*2 ┬д0 b┬Ю┬ШG&* ┬Ц@@ cB ┬ЬE ,2┬б/┬бE ┬Ь┬Т- ┬ЩD $b┬г0&* ix@@ ┬Ю; b@@ ┬ШC f┬ШJ]┬ПD* ,]@@ ┬Хc┬ХD ┬д@@ +x┬ЙD* ┬дDb┬Ш~{D* ┬Оx@@ ┬АD* ┬в@@ ┬Х< ┬Щ@@ ┬гG*x+(* zJ4b~┬жgD* d@@ c~z+ i┬б┬гcD* ┬Ь@@ E ┬ЦB&* 2]┬Ж+ *┬б┬ЮD* ┬Ь@@ :b+ ┬д@@ 0H b┬Ю<b┬М-4┬░ ew@@ / f┬А┬ПF h@@ Fb┬ТA f┬ШJ]┬ПD* ,]@@ ┬ХcD* e┬б@@ ┬Ы/ b@@ E&* fJ]┬ХcD* ┬И4b~7 2*]gE*H ,x┬П~{D* ┬И4b@@ ~7 ┬е4┬бpE ┬в┬Х< b┬ЮgD├Й:(*H bE&* x~8b┬ЫD* ]c< ┬Чb@@ ┬Ш/H zJx/ 4bEH ┬Ц┬А~z┬ПD* $b@@ ┬г0&*

*K 4b~{gF* x@@ jC&┬░*H xcC&┬░* ┬б@@ GH ┬дDb┬Ш~{D*H ┬д@@ Bx~{D* 2*]@@ gE┬░* ┬ЦEx┬ТD*H ┬С2b@@ ┬Ы┬МD*H ┬Эb@@ ~z=H ,x@@ J]┬ПD* $b@@ ┬г0&* ┬д@@ A ┬Эb┬Т@@ A ,]┬ХcD* ┬Ц+b┬ПE f┬Ж┬М-xE fc~┬жG ┬аbm-b+ ┬ЭbC b┬ШC f┬гDb< ,x@@ ┬гE&┬░*H ┬Ь┬г~zpD*H fGy┬ЫD* b┬гQ 0 ,4b┬Ы┬ШD* e┬б┬Ы/ f┬ШJ]┬ПD* ,4b┬Ы┬ШD* 4*H]D ┬ЬJx~{┬ЖD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ib┬г┬Ы┬г~z┬Ш1 H&* ib┬г┬Ы┬г┬Ж+4&* ┬ЬE4]~|┬ШD* fD┬б┬ЮmE f┬г┬М┬г~74&* ,4┬б~8 ┬в┬Х<&┬░* ┬дA b┬гF2 b┬Ш┬Ы┬г~6H z┬г)xD* ┬И4b~{┬ХD ┬ЬJx~{┬ЖD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ib┬г┬Ы┬г~z┬Ш1 H&* ib┬г┬Ы┬г┬Ж+4&* ┬ЬE f┬г┬М┬г~74&* ,4┬б~8 ┬Ц┬М~6&┬░* ┬дA ┬дFHxg┬ТD┬░* ├С* ┬Ъ*4 fJ]┬Х+ ┬ЗB┬бE 4]~|┬ШD*

41 тАл╪зя╗Яя║Шя╗Дя╗о╪▒ ╪зя╗Яя╗Мя╗дя║о╪зя╗зя╗▓ я╗Яя╗дя║кя╗│я╗ия║Ф ╪▒╪з┘Е ╪з ┘Ия╗гя║оя╗Ыя║░я╗ля║О ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓тАм

"4b┬ЖmD* ┬Сx┬МE"e b┬Ю┬Ы┬г0 ┬в<]- hFbCH ┬Б┬АsE ┬еyCxE ┬И4*┬б~7 ┬в┬Пg┬Х┬ШC ,4b┬Ы┬ШD* f:4bsD* ┬в┬Х< x┬Ю┬Г-

┬Эx@@ ┬ПD* ┬Ц@@ )*H&* w@@ ┬ЫE ├С* ┬Ъ*4 ┬д@@ A ┬д@@ F*x┬Ш┬ЖD* 2*]@@ gE┬░* y@@ Cx ,4b┬Ы┬ШD* ┬аbm-b+ ,]@@ ┬Хc┬ХD z┬г)xD* ┬Ц1]┬ШD* ┬Ч┬б@@ : ┬в┬Х< ┬Ь@@ Jx~{┬ЖD* ┬Ч├Й@@ 1 ┬Ь@@ E ┬д@@ ┬Ш┬г┬ХB(┬░* ┬Б@@ +xD* ┬Ц@@ ┬г┬Ю~z- ┬б@@ G ┬ЧH&┬░* ┬Ь@@ ┬гcc~zD ,4b┬Ы┬ШD* 4bcg<* ┬б@@ G ┬дFbjD*H 6]┬ПD* z┬Х+bF ┬И4b@@ ~{D ┬Ч┬б~8┬бD* ┬Ч├ЙgD* ┬аbm-b+ ┬З~6┬бgDb+ hp┬Ш~6 ┬дgD* f┬гA*x┬ЙmD* ┬Ц@@ ~8┬бD* f┬А┬ПF f┬гDb┬Ш~{D*H f┬гBx~{D* f@@ ~8bs+H ├С* ┬Ъ*4 ┬дA Ix1&┬░* ┬Чb@@ cmD*H f~┬ж┬Ю┬ЫD* ,x@@ ┬гcD* f┬П┬А┬ЫEH ┬Чb@@ ~64(┬░* f<*3(┬░* f@@ ┬П┬А┬Ы┬ШC fGy┬ЫD* ┬д0 ┬дA ┬ЗB*┬бD* ┬д┬ХG&┬░* ┬в┬М~{g~z┬ШD* f┬П┬А┬ЫEH o4b1 ┬Э*x@@ ┬Ш┬ЖD* ]gE* ┬Ь┬г0 4┬б@@ p┬ШD* *wG ┬аbm-b+ ┬З@@ ~6┬бgD* &*]@@ + ┬дFbc┬ШD* ┬Щ@@ . ┬ЬEH f┬г┬ЫJ]D* ib@@ ~z~6'┬б┬ШDb+ *K $]@@ + ,*┬б@@ ┬ЫD* 2H]0 ┬ЬJx~{┬ЖD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ibJ*]+H x~{< ┬З~6bgD* ┬Эx┬ПD* x1*H&* f┬г┬Ы┬Т~zD* ,4b┬Ы┬ШD* ┬аbm-b+ 4┬бp┬ШD* *wG ┬в┬Х< ┬е4bmgD* ┬Вb~{┬ЫD* x┬Ю┬ГJ ┬Щ@@ DH ┬ЭbC fJ4bm- ┬Эb@@ cE ┬Ч├Й1 ┬Ь@@ E ib┬г┬ЫJx~{┬ЖD* ┬Н@@ ~|g┬ЫE ┬д@@ A ┬░(* ┬И4b~{D* ┬Чb┬Ш~7 f@@ ┬г┬Ы┬Т~zD* ┬дFbc┬ШD* 2]@@ ┬Ж+ fF4b┬ПE ├ЙK ┬г┬ХB b@@ G2]< fJ4bmgD* i├Йp┬ШD* ┬Щ@@ G*& H f┬Ж┬М-xE f┬П┬А┬ЫE ┬в┬Х< h@@ FbC ┬дgD* ┬Ц+b┬ПE z┬Ж~z┬ЖD* ,4b┬Ш< r├Й@@ ~8 ,4b┬Ш< ┬Ь┬г-├ЙD* xJ2 i├Й@@ pE $*x┬ШpD* ,24┬б@@ D* ┬Ч*x@@ g┬Ы~zD* ┬Ц@@ +b┬ПE ,4b@@ ┬Ш< dC4 f@@ ;┬б+ b┬ЮE]G ┬Щ- b┬ЮcFbm+ Ix1&* ,4b┬Ш<H ┬Ц@@ ┬П. y@@ CxE ,4b@@ ┬Ы┬ШD* 4*H2 $b@@ ~{F(* ┬Ц┬Т@@ ~7 ib@@ ┬г┬Ы┬г.├ЙjD* ┬д@@ AH ┬Б~6*H&* f┬Ж:b┬П┬ШD*H f<*3(┬░* $b┬Ыc+ ┬Яg┬г┬ШG&* i2*25* eb┬А┬Пg~6*H i*┬б┬Ы~6 ┬Ч├Й1 $b┬ЫcD* ┬Н@@ j┬Т- bE&* hJ5x┬г+ ┬аbm-b+ ib@@ ┬Ы┬г.├ЙjD* $b┬Ыc+ fJ4bmgD* ┬Я@@ g┬Йc~8 ┬И4b~{D* ┬в@@ ┬А<&* bE ┬б┬ЮA ib@@ ┬г┬Ы┬г┬Ж+4&┬░* ,4b┬Ы┬ШD* 4*H2 ┬Ч┬б@@ 0 f~8bs+H f@@ J4bmgD* ┬д@@ Fbc┬ШD* ┬ЬE x@@ ┬гj┬ТD* ┬У┬Ы+ r├Й@@ ~8 f@@ ┬гD]┬г~8 ,4b@@ ┬Ш<H ┬д@@ +x┬ЖD* ┬У@@ ┬ЫcD* ,4b@@ ┬Ш<

$b┬Ы+ ┬Щ- b┬ШC f@@ ┬А┬гp┬ШD* ┬дFbc┬ШD* ┬д@@ Bb+H bK ┬гDb0 ┬Ь@@ ┬г┬А~z┬ХA тАл╪пя╗Яя╗┤я╗Ю ╪зя╗Яя║дя╗Фя║О╪╕ я╗Ля╗ая╗░ ╪зя╗Яя╗дя║оя╗Ыя║░ ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓ я╗Уя╗▓ ╪▒╪з┘Е ╪зтАм

╧░╧м

¡~z-bE f<¡ mE 4]~| D* ¡£~8b D* e¡ mD* f / E E Ñ* *4 f J] D ¤Fb Jx£D* e*]gF(°* ,xgA E f mOE f£ £~74&* ,4¡~8

‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا‬

ϰϮ

‫*&‪ Ñ* *4 fJ] + 4]~| D* Ñ* *4 f J]E $b£0‬‬ ‫*‪ϭϵϯϬ 1918 b< Ñ* *4 ,] cD ¤F*x D* n£~z D* f +b D* fp ~|D‬‬ ‫‪1918‬‬

‫‪44‬‬

‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا ‬

‫‪Ƚ‬‬

‫‪1939 - 1918‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﻄﻮر اﻟﻌﻤﺮاﻧﻲ ﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ رام ا وﻣﺮﻛﺰﻫﺎ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ‪45‬‬

(1967 ═▓1948) ┬дF24&┬░* ┬Щ┬ТpD* ,xgA ═Ш╧▒═Ш╧о

┬д┬ПA&┬░* ┬З~6┬бgD*H f┬г┬Х┬Т┬г┬ЮD* ib┬А┬Аs┬ШD* 2H]0 f┬Ж~6┬б- ,x@@ g┬МD* ┬У@@ ┬Х- ┬ЬE ib┬А┬Аs┬ШD* ┬Щ@@ ┬Г┬ЖE h@@ 0xgB* ex┬ЙD*H f┬Ж:b┬П┬ШD* exB ┬Чb~64(┬░* ┬бpF ┬Чb┬Ш~{D* ┬аbm-b+ f┬ЫJ]┬ШD* ib┬А┬Аs┬ШD* ┬Р~zF ┬Ц; b┬гF┬бg┬г+ ┬аb@@ m-b+ e┬б┬ЫmD*H ,x┬г┬АD* ┬бpF ┬О*x:&┬░* ┬в@@ ┬Х< ┬д┬Ы┬Т~6 ┬З~6┬б- ┬Ч├Й@@ 1 ┬ЬE ])b~zD* ┬б@@ G f@@ ┬П+b~zD* ]J]mD*H ┬Щ@@ J]┬ПD* ┬ЬJyCx┬ШD* ┬Ь@@ ┬г+ f@@ J4bmgD* f@@ ┬П┬А┬Ы┬ШD* $b@@ ┬П+H exB f┬г<b┬Ы~|D* f┬П┬А┬Ы┬ШD* ┬д@@ A f┬гAxpD* ib<b┬Ы~|D* ┬Ч┬б@@ 12 ┬ЗE ╧о╧▓ b┬гF┬бg┬г+ f┬гF24&┬░* ,xg┬МD* ┬дA ┬д┬Ы┬Т~zD* ┬б┬Ш┬ЫD* i*4b┬Ш┬ЖD* ix@@ ┬Ю;H ,2x┬М┬Ы┬ШD* f@@ ┬г┬Ы┬Т~zD* i┬б@@ ┬гcD* $b┬Ы+ x@@ ┬Шg~6* ┬Ц┬Ш~{JH f┬Ш)b┬ПD* f┬г┬Ы┬Т~zD* $b┬г0&┬░* ┬дA ┬Р┬П~{D* ,2]@@ ┬ЖgE f┬г┬Ы┬Т~zD* ┬д0H ,4b@@ ┬Ы┬ШD*H ]@@ J]mD* ┬в@@ ┬М~{g~z┬ШD* f@@ ┬П┬А┬ЫE $b@@ ┬г0&* ┬У@@ D3 Ix1&* $b@@ ┬г0&┬░ ┬ЦB&* fAbj┬Т+ ┬Ь@@ ┬ТDH ┬Ь@@ ┬Т~zD* ]@@ gE*H ┬Чb@@ ~64(┬░* ╧о╧│ ├С* ┬Ъ*4 ┬дA ┬Эb~z= ┬д0H ,xJ]┬ПDbC i*4b┬Ш┬ЖD* 4b@@ ~{gFb+ f┬гF24&┬░* ,x@@ g┬МD* ┬дA ┬д@@ ┬Ы┬Т~zD* ┬б┬Ш┬ЫD* 5b@@ gE* ┬Ч┬б0 ┬Ъ*]sg~6┬░* ,2]@@ ┬ЖgE ┬д@@ Fbc┬ШD*H ┬О*x:&┬░* ┬в@@ ┬Х< f@@ ┬г┬Ы┬Т~zD* i├ЙpEH b┬г┬Х┬ЖD* ┬Р+*┬б┬АD* ┬дA f┬г┬Ы┬Т~6 bK ┬П┬П~7 i┬б0 ┬дgD* ,4b@@ ┬Ы┬ШD* ┬ЬE ]@@ J]┬ЖD* h@@ ┬М┬г~9&* b@@ ┬ШC f@@ ┬г~94&┬░* ┬Р@@ +*┬б┬АD* ┬д@@ A f@@ J4bm ┬И├Й:┬░* ┬Щ- ]┬ПA ,]J]/ f┬г┬Х┬Т┬гG ib┬А┬АsE ┬Ь┬Ш~9 ┬дF*x┬Ш┬ЖD* ┬З~6┬бgD* ┬ЗJ4b~{E ]┬г┬Ж~8 ┬в┬Х< ╧о╧▓ ib┬г┬Ы┬г┬Ж+4&┬░* x1*H&* h┬Х┬Ш~7 ,]< i*┬б┬Ы~6 ┬ЬE f┬г┬Х┬Т┬г┬ЮD* ib┬А┬Аs┬ШD* ┬ЗJ4b~{E ┬ЬE 2]< ┬в┬Х< ┬░K H&* ┬ЯgB2b~|E h┬Ш- b┬Ю┬ЫE ┬Ь NE ]C&bgD* ┬ЩgJ ┬ЩDH ib┬г┬Ы┬гg~zD* fJ*]+H ib┬г┬Ы┬г~z┬ШsD* ┬Н~|g┬ЫEH ib┬г┬Ы┬г┬Ж~zgD*H ib┬г┬Ы┬гFb┬ШjD* ┬вg0 ┬Я+ ┬░K ┬б┬Ш┬ЖE ┬ЭbC ┬еwD* ┬Я┬г┬Х< ┬О4b┬Жg┬ШD* ┬Б┬Аs┬ШD* ┬Э&* ┬Щ┬Х┬ЖD* ┬ЗE ]┬П┬ЖD* ┬УD3 ┬ЬE ┬ЧH&┬░* ┬Ъb┬ЖD* ┬дA ]J]pgDb+H ib┬г┬Ы┬гg~zD* ┬Ц)*H&* ┬ЬE ┬Б┬АsE ┬вD(* 2┬б┬ЖJ ┬в┬Х<H fF┬б0b┬АD* 6*4 ┬д0H fAx~{D* ┬ЦjE ,x┬гcD* ┬дA Ix1&* $b┬г0&* ┬вD(* bK ~┬жJ&* ┬Ь┬Т~zD* ]gE* ╧о╧│ z┬Х+bF ┬И4b~7 ┬Ч┬б:

47 тАл╪зя╗Яя║Шя╗Дя╗о╪▒ ╪зя╗Яя╗Мя╗дя║о╪зя╗зя╗▓ я╗Яя╗дя║кя╗│я╗ия║Ф ╪▒╪з┘Е ╪з ┘Ия╗гя║оя╗Ыя║░я╗ля║О ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓тАм

┬Э&* ┬ЬE ┬Щ=xD* ┬в┬Х<H ╧о╧▒ f/xpD* f┬П┬А┬ЫEH ┬Ц┬Ю~zD* ┬И4b~7 f@@ ┬П┬А┬ЫE ┬в┬Х< hFbC ┬Ь┬г_/├ЙD* ib┬Ш┬гsE ┬Ь@@ E f┬г┬Ы┬Т~zD* ib┬Ж┬ШmgD* ┬Щ@@ ┬Г┬ЖE ,x┬г┬Й~|D* ib┬Ш┬гs┬ШD* ┬ЬE 2]@@ < $b┬Ы+ ┬Щ- ┬ЯF(bA f┬ЫJ]┬ШD* ┬О*x@@ :&* rbc~|E ┬Ь┬г<H ,4H]B b┬Ш┬гsE b┬Ю┬ШG&* b┬Ю┬Х1*2 rx: ┬Щ- ┬Ц)b┬ЮD* ┬е4bmgD*H ┬д┬Ы┬Т~zD* ┬Б┬Й~┬жD* f@@ cC*┬бE ┬вD(* bK ┬г┬Ж~6 fD*5(* ┬Я@@ D├Й1 ┬ЬE ┬Щ- ┬еw@@ D* f/xpD* f@@ ┬П┬А┬ЫE x@@ J┬б┬А- ┬ИHx@@ ~{E xcg<* ┬еwD* f┬ШJ]┬ПD* ,]┬Хc┬ХD ┬е]┬г┬Х┬ПgD* n┬г~z┬ЫD* ┬ЬE ,x┬гcC $*y/&* f┬АpE $b~{F(┬░ ┬Я┬Ы< $b┬Ы┬Йg~6┬░* ┬Ь┬Т┬ШJ ┬д.*]0 x┬г= bK m┬г~zF ┬Ф*wF%* ┬вD(* ┬Ц1]gD* ┬О]G f┬гAb~9(* fJ4bm- i*]0HH fJyCxE ib~8b+ fCx0 ┬ЪbE&* b┬ЮpgA ┬Ч├Й1 ┬ЬE f┬ШJ]┬ПD* ,]@@ ┬ХcD* f┬П┬А┬ЫE kJ]p f┬Тc~7 $b~{F(*H kJ]pD* ┬д┬Ы┬Т~zD*H ┬е4bmgD* $b┬ЫcD*H i├Й~8*┬б┬ШD* ┬ЬE b┬Ю+┬б┬Ы/H b@@ ┬Ю+x=H f┬ЫJ]┬ШD* ┬Сx~7 ┬Ь@@ ┬г+ bE fJx~|< ┬И4*┬б@@ ~7 ┬Ь:b+H ,x┬г┬АD* f┬П┬А┬Ы┬Ш+ bK @ @Bx~7 ,4b┬Ы┬ШD* f┬П┬А┬ЫE ┬Б+4 ┬Ч├Й@@ 1 ┬И4b~7 ┬Ч├Й1 ┬ЬE bAbJ ┬И4b~{+ 4┬бp┬ШD* ┬УD3 ┬Б+4H bK +x= *┬б┬ЮD* bK ┬гsJ4b- ┬в┬ЫcE ╧┤╧м ┬дD*┬б0 ┬Ъ]G ┬ИHx~{┬ШD* *wG ┬Ь< ngF ┬Ц┬Ю~zD* ┬дF*x┬Ш┬ЖD* b@@ ┬Ю┬ЫJ┬б┬Т- ┬ЬE *K x┬гcC *K $y@@ / f┬ШJ]┬ПD* ,]@@ ┬ХcD* ]┬ПA&* b@@ E ┬ЬE ]J]┬Ж┬ХD eb@@ cD* ┬ИHx~{┬ШD* *w@@ G qgAH f@@ J4b┬Ш┬Ж┬ШD* b@@ ┬ЮgJ┬бGH ┬дgD* ┬ЦCb~{┬ШD* ┬вD(* i2&* ┬дgD* f┬П0├ЙD* 2┬б┬П┬ЖD* ┬дA ┬Ъ]┬ЮD* ┬Чb┬Ш<&* ┬Э%┬░* f┬ШJ]┬ПD* ,]┬ХcD* n┬г~zF b┬Ю┬ЫE ┬дFb┬ЖJ ┬Ц1]E ┬ЬE K$*]g+* ,x┬гcD* f┬ЫJ]E ┬дA z┬Х+bF ┬И4b~7 ┬Ч┬б: ┬в┬Х< x┬Й~8&* ┬е4bm- yCxE &b~{F b┬ШC ╧о╧▒ 2┬б/H ┬Чb0 ]BH f~┬ж┬Ю┬ЫD* ┬И4b~7 fJb┬Ю┬Ы+ K$b┬ПgD*H f┬ШJ]┬ПD* ,x┬гcD* fJ]┬Х+ ┬Чb┬Ш~7 ┬вD(* fAx~{D* Y,4b┬Ы┬ШD*Z ┬е4bmgD* yCx┬ШD* ┬ЗE yCx┬ШD* *wG ┬Ц~8*┬б- ┬ЭH2 ┬Ь┬г┬Ыc┬ХD 5]Fx┬МD* f~64]E

┬Н┬г~|┬ШD* ,]┬ХcD* ├С* ┬Ъ*4 ┬Ч┬б@@ p- ┬дA ,x@@ g┬МD* ┬аwG f┬г┬ШG&* ┬Ь@@ ┬Ш┬Т ,xm┬ЮD* fm┬гgF 2x┬А┬ШD* ┬дFb┬Т~zD* ┬б┬Ш┬ЫD* d@@ c~z+ ,x┬г┬Й~8 f┬ЫJ]E ┬вD(* ,]┬ХcD* f┬г┬Т┬гEb┬ЫJ2 ┬д@@ A x┬г= bE 1948 ┬Ъb@@ ┬ЖD* fc┬ТF ]@@ ┬Ж+ f@@ ┬г┬Х1*]D* b┬ЮgJ┬бG ┬в┬Х< *K x@@ .'┬бEH ┬е2b~|gB┬░*H ┬д<b┬Шg/┬░* ┬Ь@@ J]┬г┬Ж~|D* ┬в@@ ┬Х< qc~|┬гD ├С* ┬Ъ*4 ┬д@@ A ┬д<b┬Шg/┬░* n┬г~z┬ЫD* w@@ _┬Ы┬г0 x┬г┬Й- f@@ ┬гF]┬ШD* ┬ЬE f┬М┬ХgsE f@@ J2b~|gB*H f┬г<b┬Шg/* q@@ )*x~7 bK ┬ЖEb/ bK @ @<┬б┬Ы- xjC&* ┬дG ,xg┬МD* ┬аw@@ G 4bcg<* ┬Ь┬Т┬ШJ ,2]@@ ┬ЖgE f┬г┬Ы┬г┬А~z┬ХA Ix@@ BH ┬Э]@@ E ┬дA fJx┬ПD* $┬б~{F ]┬Ж+ f┬гFb┬Т~zD* i*xm┬ЮD* ib/┬бE k┬г0 ┬ЬE f┬гFbjD* ┬Эb┬Т~zD* 2]< ┬дA f┬г<┬бF ,y@@ ┬МB h┬Х┬Ш~7 ]┬ПA x~{< 62b~zD* ┬Эx@@ ┬ПD* ┬Ц0b~zD* f┬П┬А┬ЫE ┬Ь@@ E ┬Ь┬г_/├ЙD* 2*]<&* dc~z+ ┬дF*x┬Ш┬ЖD* ┬З@@ ~6┬бgD*H bAbJH f┬ХExD*H ]┬ХD* f~8bs+H f┬гsJ4bgD* ┬ЯF]EH ┬д┬Ы┬г┬А~z┬Х┬МD* ,2┬б/┬б┬ШD* $b┬г0&┬░* ┬Н┬гj┬Т-H ┬д┬Х1*]D* ┬б┬Ш┬ЫD* ┬Ь┬г_/├ЙD* eb┬Ж┬гg~6┬░ ,x┬гcC 4b┬Ш<(*H ┬б┬ШF fCx0 f┬ЫJ]┬ШD* i]┬Ю~7 x┬гcC ┬д┬ПA&* ┬З@@ ~6┬б- ┬ЭH2 f┬Ш)b┬ПD* $b@@ ┬г0&┬░* ┬дA ┬б┬Ш┬ЫD* *wG y@@ Cx-H z┬г~6&b-H ,x┬гcD* f┬ЫJ]┬Ш+ obE]F┬░*H ┬Ц~8*┬бgD* ┬УD3 ┬Ц┬Ш~7 f┬ЫJ]┬Ш┬ХD ┬З┬ШmgD ┬б┬ШF ┬бG ┬Ь┬гg┬ЫJ]┬Ш┬ХD ┬б┬Ш┬ЫD* qc~8&*H ┬Ь┬г┬ЫJ]┬Ш┬ХD kJ]0 yCxE x┬гcC ┬Ц┬Т~{+ ┬УD3 $b┬Ы.&* ,4b@@ ┬Ы┬ШD* f┬П┬А┬ЫE h┬ШF ]0*H ┬еx@@ ~┬ж0 ┬Ъ*]sg~6┬░* ,2]@@ ┬Жg┬ШD*H fJ4bmgD* ┬дFbc┬ШD* ┬Ь@@ E x┬гj┬ТD* h@@ ┬Ш┬гB&*H ┬вD(* fAb~9(* ╧о╧░ ,4b@@ ┬Ы┬ШD* ┬Ч┬б0 ┬И4*┬б~{D* ┬Ч┬б@@ : ┬в┬Х< i*4b@@ ┬Ш┬ЖD*

┬И4b~7H ┬д~z┬г)xD* ┬И4b~{D*H f<b~zD* 4*H2H f~┬ж┬Ю┬ЫD* ,x┬гcD*H 6]┬ПD* ┬д<4b~7 ┬УD3 ┬Ц┬Ш~{J ╧о╧░ fAbC f┬г<x┬МD* ┬Сx┬АD*H rbc~|E ┬Ь┬г< ┬РJx:H 9x┬Ж┬ШD*

┬д~z┬г)xD* ┬И4b~{D* ┬Ь┬гCbC2H ,4b┬Ы┬ШD* 4*H]D f┬гF24&┬░* ,xg┬МD* ┬ЬE 4]~|┬ШD* fD┬б┬ЮmE f┬г┬М┬г~74&* ,4┬б~8 fp┬М~|D* 4b~zJ тАл╪пя╗Яя╗┤я╗Ю ╪зя╗Яя║дя╗Фя║О╪╕ я╗Ля╗ая╗░ ╪зя╗Яя╗дя║оя╗Ыя║░ ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓ я╗Уя╗▓ ╪▒╪з┘Е ╪зтАм

r├Й~8 ,4b┬Ш┬ЖC f┬гsJ4b- fJ4bm- i├ЙpE ┬С┬бA f┬г┬Ы┬Т~zD* ┬Р+*┬б┬АD* ┬Ъ*]sg~6┬░* ,2]┬ЖgE ┬ЭbcE ┬вD(* f@@ J4bmgD* ┬дFbc┬ШD* ┬аwG ┬Ч┬бpggD ┬Щ┬г┬Ш~|g+ ,2x@@ ┬М┬Ы┬ШD* i┬б@@ ┬гcD* bK ~┬жJ&* ,x@@ g┬МD* ┬У@@ ┬Х- ┬дA ix@@ ┬Ю;H ┬ЦB&*H *K ]@@ ┬г┬П┬Ж- xjC&* q@@ c~|┬гD ┬Э*┬б┬г┬ХD* h@@ ┬г+ ┬Ь< 4┬б┬А- ┬еx@@ ~|< ┬Р+*┬б┬АD* ,2]┬ЖgE ┬Ц@@ ┬Х┬МD* hFb┬ТA 5x+&┬░* ┬Б┬Ш┬ЫD* b@@ E&* f@@ JyCxE ,4b┬Ш┬Ж+ ┬ЬJx.&bgE ┬Ь@@ ┬г┬г.*]0 ┬Ь@@ ┬г~6]┬Ы┬ЮE ┬ЦcB ┬Ь@@ E h┬Ш┬Ш~8 ┬д@@ gD* ┬ЬEH ┬вDH&┬░* f┬г┬ШDb┬ЖD* expD* ]┬Ж+ bE ix@@ G25* ┬дgD* f.*]pD* e┬б┬Х~6&┬░*H ,4b@@ ┬Ш┬ЖD* ┬дA @@ 6HbGbcD* f~64]E b@@ ┬Ю-*x┬гc┬Ж- ┬Щ@@ G&* ,]┬П┬Ж┬ШD* f┬г┬ПA&┬░* ┬Б@@ Bb~z┬ШD* ┬Ч├Й1 ┬ЬE b┬Ю┬гA q~9*┬бD* ┬д@@ ┬ШDb┬ЖD* fjJ]pD* $b┬ЫcD* b┬г/┬бD┬б┬Ы┬Т-H fJ4b┬Ш┬Ж┬ШD* ┬Ц┬г~8b┬МgD*H ┬д┬Ю┬гAxgD* ┬д0b┬г~zD* ┬Вb~{┬ЫD*H fEb┬ЖD* ┬дFbc┬ШD*

xJ2 ┬Ь┬гCbC2 fDbcB fAb~{C 9x┬ЖD f┬гF24&┬░* ,xg┬МD* ┬ЬE f┬г┬М┬г~74&* ,4┬б~8 ┬в┬Х<&┬░* ┬дA fp┬М~|D* ┬Ь┬г┬ШJ ┬дFHxg┬ТD┬░* ,xC*wD* ┬дA ┬Ь┬г┬А~z┬ХA ┬ЗB┬бE 4]~|┬ШD* ,xJ]┬ПD* ┬д0 ┬аbm-b+ ┬ЪHxD* ┬ЗB┬бE 4]~|┬ШD* ├С* ┬Ъ*4 ┬аyg┬Ы┬ШD f┬гF24&┬░* ,xg┬МD* ┬ЬE f┬г┬М┬г~74&* ,4┬б~8 ┬Ц┬М~6&┬░* ┬дA fp┬М~|D* ┬Ь┬г┬ШJ ┬дFHxg┬ТD┬░* ,xC*wD* ┬дA ┬Ь┬г┬А~z┬ХA 1961 - 1939

49 тАл╪зя╗Яя║Шя╗Дя╗о╪▒ ╪зя╗Яя╗Мя╗дя║о╪зя╗зя╗▓ я╗Яя╗дя║кя╗│я╗ия║Ф ╪▒╪з┘Е ╪з ┘Ия╗гя║оя╗Ыя║░я╗ля║О ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓тАм

╚╜

2H]0 ┬Ь┬Ш~9 ┬Н┬гj┬ТgD*H ┬д@@ F*x┬Ш┬ЖD* ┬З~6┬бgD*H ┬Вb~{┬ЫD* *w@@ G I2&* ┬дF]┬ШD* ┬З┬Шgm┬ШD* ┬Ъ]s- fEb< ┬ЗJ4b~{┬Ш+ x@@ ┬г┬Т┬МgD* ┬вD(* f┬ЫJ]┬ШD* ┬в┬М~{g~z┬ШD*H f~8bsD*H f@@ Eb┬ЖD* 64*]┬ШD* ┬ЬE 2]< $b┬Ы+ b@@ ┬Ю┬ЫE ib┬Ш┬Х┬Ж┬ШD*H ┬Ь@@ ┬г┬Ш┬Х┬Ж┬Ш┬ХD f@@ ┬А~6┬бgE ┬Ц┬гG&b- @@ 64*]EH ]@@ J]mD* fJ]┬Хc┬ХD ]J]/ x@@ ┬ПEH fJ]┬ХcD* ┬аy@@ ┬ЫgE $b~{F(*H ]JxcD* ┬в@@ ┬ЫcEH ,]J]mD* f@@ c~zpD* ┬в@@ ┬ЫcEH ]J]mD* ┬еx@@ ┬Ш┬ЖD* ┬З@@ EbmD* $b@@ ┬Ы+H ┬Вb~{┬ЫD* x@@ G25* b┬ШC bK @ @┬гDb0 f:x~{D*H ┬Щ@@ Cbp┬ШD* ┬З@@ ┬ШmE

┬в┬Хm-H ib@@ Gy┬Ыg┬ШD*H ┬Щ<b┬А┬ШD*H ┬С2b@@ ┬Ы┬МD* ├ЙK Eb~7 ┬д@@ 0b┬г~zD* 4*H2 ┬ЬE ib@@ Gy┬Ыg┬ШD* ┬Я@@ D┬б0 ix~{gF* k@@ ┬г0 bAbJ ┬И4b@@ ~7 ┬д@@ A fJ]┬ХcD* ┬аy┬ЫgE ┬вg0H bK @ @┬гDb0 ibAx< x~6bJ ┬Э*]┬гE f@@ <b~zD* ┬И4b~{D* 2*]gE* ┬в┬Х< ┬С2b┬Ы┬МD*H ibGyg┬Ы┬ШD* ┬ЬE 2]< ┬вD(* fAb~9(* bK ┬гDb0 ,2┬б/┬бE ]┬Ж- ┬ЩD ┬дgD* ┬д~z┬г)xD*

1939

(1994 ═▓ 1967) ┬д┬Х┬г)*x~6(┬░* ┬Ч├Йg0┬░* ,xgA ═Ш╧▓═Ш╧о

i*4b┬Ш┬ЖD* $b┬Ы+ x┬Шg~6* b┬ШC ┬ЬJx~{┬ЖD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ┬Ц)*H&* h┬г┬Ы+ ┬д@@ gD* f┬г┬Ы┬Т~zD* $b┬г0&┬░* ┬дAH f┬ЫJ]┬ШD* yCxE ┬Ч┬б0 f┬г┬Ы┬Т~zD* ┬е4bmgD* yCx┬ШD* ,4b┬Ы┬ШD* f┬П┬А┬ЫE h┬Х┬ГA ┬е4bmgD* yCx┬ШD*H ┬Вb~{┬Ы┬ХD fc~z┬ЫDb+ bE&* ┬д~9*4&┬░* $┬ЦE ┬в┬Х< 4┬б┬АgD* ]┬Шg<*H fJ4bmgD* f@@ ┬А~{F&┬░* yCxE ┬Ь< iw@@ ~7H f@@ :b~zcDb+ ┬Щ@@ ~zg- f@@ J4bm- i*4b@@ ┬Ш┬Ж+ f@@ =4b┬МD* f┬г┬ШDb┬ЖD* ,4b┬Ш┬ЖDb+ ix.&b- ┬дgD* 5*x1H b┬гFb┬Ы0 ,4b┬Ш< ,]@@ <b┬ПD* dg┬ТE ┬Ц@@ cB ┬ЬE ┬Щ@@ ┬г┬Ш~|g+ ib@@ ┬г┬Ы┬г┬Жc~zD* ┬Ц@@ )*H&* h@@ ┬г┬Ы+ ┬д@@ gD*H ┬дgD* ,y┬г┬Ш┬ШD* i*4b┬Ш┬ЖD* ┬ж┬Ж+ ┬вD(* fAb~9(* ┬Эb┬ЫcD ┬ЬE ┬д@@ ~6]┬ЫG ┬ЭbCH ┬Э*]┬г┬ШD* ,4b@@ ┬Ш┬ЖC f┬г┬Х1*2 fJ4bm- bK B*┬б~6&* ┬е┬б@@ p- i&*]+ ┬еyCx┬ШD* ┬С┬б~zD* ┬ИHx@@ ~{E ┬бG ,xg┬МD* ┬У┬Х- ┬дA ┬ЩG&┬░* ┬ИHx@@ ~{┬ШD* ┬ЯDb┬Ш~7 ┬ОbBH&├ЙD f┬Ж+bgD* fJ4bmgD* ┬С┬б~zD*H fc~zpD* ,x┬гc┬ХD ┬С*┬б~6&* ┬ЗJ4b~{E b┬Юg┬Жc-H ,4b@@ ┬Ы┬ШD* f┬П┬А┬Ы┬ШD bK ┬Ж~6┬б- h┬Х┬Т~7 ┬д@@ gD* ,4b┬А~7 ┬С┬б~6 ┬ЦjE f┬А┬гpE fEb┬ЖD* ┬дFbc┬ШD* $b/xD* f~64]EH ┬ЬJ]E ┬б+ ┬е4*┬бG ┬ЦjE 64*]┬ШD* ┬ж┬Ж+ $b┬Ы+ ┬Щ Ix1&* f┬Ш)bB 64*]┬ШD ┬З┬г~6┬б-H fJx.┬б┬ХD* f┬г┬Х┬гmF(┬░*

yCx┬ШD*H f@@ ┬Ж:b┬П┬ШD* f┬П┬А┬ЫE 2┬б@@ /H dc~z+ ┬Я┬М┬Ж~9 ┬Ь@@ E ┬Щ=xD* b┬Ю┬Ы┬г0 ┬З~6┬бg┬ХD *K x@@ ┬гcC bK ┬П)b< ┬Ц┬Т~7 ┬еw@@ D* ┬д┬Х┬г)*x~6(┬░* ┬д@@ ┬ЫE&┬░* ,xg┬МD* ┬У@@ ┬Х- ┬дA ┬НJb~|┬ШD* ┬Эb┬Т@@ ~6(* $b┬Ы+ ┬Щ@@ - ]┬ПA ┬УD3 ┬З@@ EH ┬Э┬б┬г~8b┬ШD* f@@ ┬П┬А┬ЫE ┬дA Ix1&* f@@ ┬г┬Ы┬Т~6 $b┬г0&* ,*┬б@@ F i&*]+ b@@ ┬ШC ibFb┬Т~6(┬░* $b@@ ┬Ы+ &*]@@ +H fBx┬МgE ┬Ц@@ ┬ХAH f┬г┬Ы┬Т~6 i┬б@@ ┬г+ 4┬б@@ ┬Ю┬Г+ e┬б┬Ы/ bK ~┬жJ&* ┬дF*x┬Ш┬ЖD* 2*]@@ gE┬░* ┬Ц┬Ш~7H ,x┬г┬АD* f@@ ┬П┬А┬ЫE ┬дA $b┬Ыc+ fJ]┬ХcD* hEbB k┬г0 f┬г<b┬Ы~|D* f┬П┬А┬Ы┬ШD* ┬З~6┬бg+ f┬ЫJ]┬ШD* ┬Б~6H ┬ЬE f┬гAxpD* ib<b┬Ы~|D* ┬Ц┬П┬ЫD ,*┬б┬ЫD* ┬ЭbC ┬Оx@@ 0 ┬З┬ШmE ┬ЗFb~|E ┬ЦjE f┬А┬г~zcD* ┬ЗFb~|┬ШD* ┬ЬE 2]< ix┬Ю; b┬ШC f┬ЫJ]┬ШD* ┬Вx┬П┬Ы~6H bFb┬М┬Х~6H ┬бCb-

bK ┬гF*x┬Ш<H bK @ @J2b~|gB* *K 2┬бC4 ,x┬гcD*H ├С* ┬Ъ*4 ┬Ь@@ E ┬ЦC i]@@ ┬Ю~7 ┬Ь┬Т┬ШJH 4b┬Шjg~6├ЙD f@@ ┬Жm~{┬ШD* x┬г= f_┬гcD*H ┬Ч├Йg0┬░* d@@ c~z+ ┬Я┬Х┬ХsgJ ┬Оb┬МC ┬б┬ШF ┬ЯF&b+ ,xg┬МD* ┬У@@ ┬Хg+ ┬дF*x┬Ш┬ЖD* 4┬б┬АgD* ┬Н~8H H&* ┬д┬Ы┬Т~zD* xJ┬б┬Аg┬ХD f@@ ┬г┬ХG&* f┬г<b┬Ш/ bE(*H fJ2xA b@@ E(* i*42bcE ,xg┬МD* ┬У@@ ┬Х- ┬дA f┬г┬Ш┬ЫgD* i*42b@@ cEH ┬З~6┬бgD* b@@ E&* ┬е4b@@ mgD* x┬г.&b-H ┬дc┬Х~zD* ┬д~6b┬г~zD* ┬З@@ ~9┬бD* dc~z+ bK ┬гc~zF *K 2H]pE ┬Эb┬Т@@ A b@@ G4H2H ib@@ J]┬ХcD* ib@@ ┬гF*y┬гEH ib@@ ┬г0├Й~8 ┬в@@ ┬Х< ┬Ч├Й@@ g0┬░* ╧о╧┤ ┬д┬ХpE ┬Щ┬Т0 ib~z~6'┬б┬ШC

┬д┬Х┬г)*x~6(┬░* ┬Ч├Йg0┬░* ,xgA ┬Ч├Й1 ┬дFb┬Т~zD* ┬б┬Ш┬ЫD* ┬ЬE ibFb┬Т~6(┬░* ┬ЗJ4b~{E $b@@ ┬Ы+ ,xg┬МD* ┬У┬Х- xGb┬ГE ┬ЩG&* ┬Ь@@ E ┬Э(* ┬дE┬б┬ТpD* eb┬г┬ЙD* f┬г┬А┬Й- h@@ DHb0 ┬дgD* f┬г┬ХG&┬░* ib┬г┬Ж┬ШmD* ┬Ц@@ cB ┬У┬Х- ┬в┬Х< f@@ ┬Ш┬Ю┬ШD* f┬ХjE&┬░* ┬Ь@@ EH ┬Ь┬Т~zD* ib@@ /b┬гg0* x@@ ┬гA┬бgD ┬д0 ┬дA ibFb┬Т~6(┬░* ┬ЬE 2]@@ <H ┬НJb~|┬ШD* ┬Эb┬Т~6(* ┬З@@ J4b~{┬ШD* f~zc< ┬б+&* ┬Эb┬Т~6(*H ┬Ь@@ ┬г~6]┬Ы┬Ю┬ШD*H $bc:&┬░* ┬Эb┬Т~6(bC ,x@@ ┬г┬АD* ╧п╧м bGx┬г=H zC3┬б.4&┬░* ┬ЪHxD* xJ2 ┬Эb┬Т~6(*H

k┬г0 1985 ┬Ъb┬ЖD* ┬вg0 ]J]/ ┬д┬Х┬Т┬гG ┬ИHx@@ ~{E r*xgB* ┬ЩgJ ┬ЩD ┬Б┬Аs┬ШD* dg┬ТE ┬Ч├Й1 ┬ЬE f┬Ж~6┬б-H ┬д┬Х┬Т┬гG ┬ИHx@@ ~{E r*xgB* ┬Щ ┬С2b@@ ~|J ┬Щ@@ D ┬Б@@ ┬Аs┬ШD* ┬Э&* ┬░(* ┬Вb@@ ┬г1 ┬б@@ E┬б┬Х~7 ┬д@@ ┬Х┬г)*x~6(┬░* ┬д0 ┬Ц┬Ш~{┬гD ┬░K b┬Ш~7 ┬З@@ ~6┬бgD* rxg┬П┬ШD* ┬Б┬Аs┬ШD* ┬Ц┬Ш~7 ╧о╧╡ ┬Я@@ ┬г┬Х< ┬З~6┬бg+ bK @ @+x=H ┬Э┬б┬г~8b┬ШD* ┬д@@ 0 ┬Ц┬Ш~{┬гD bK @ @+┬б┬Ы/H ┬Н@@ Jb~|┬ШD* b┬ЫG ┬Яg┬Г0├ЙE xJ]mD* ┬ЬE ,x┬г┬АD* ┬д0H f┬г<b┬Ы~|D* f┬П┬А┬Ы┬Ш┬ХD i&*]+ ]B hFbC ┬Р:b┬ЫE ┬Щ┬Г┬Ж┬ШDb+ ┬Ц┬Ш~7 ]B rxg┬П┬ШD* ┬З@@ ~6┬бgD* ┬Э&* ┬УD3 ┬ЦcB ┬б┬Ш┬ЫDb+

┬Ц┬ХAH i┬б@@ ┬г+ ┬ЬE ,2x@@ ┬М┬Ы┬ШD* f┬г┬Ы┬Т~zD* i*]@@ 0┬бD* $b@@ ┬Ы+ x@@ ┬Шg~6* q┬А~6&b+H *K ]@@ J]/ bK J4b┬Ш┬ЖE bK @ @┬А┬ШF f~zCb< ┬Р@@ +*┬б┬АD* ,2]@@ ┬ЖgE b┬Ю┬А+4 d@@ ┬Ж~|J ┬д┬Ш┬г┬ХB(* x@@ ┬г.&b- i*3 ,]@@ J]/ ┬Чb┬Т~7&b+ ]@@ ┬гExB ,2x┬М┬Ы┬ШD* f┬гsJ4bgD* ┬д@@ Fbc┬ШD* ┬вD(* fJ4b┬Ш┬Ж┬ШD* b@@ ┬ЮgJ┬бG ┬Иb@@ /4(*H ib┬г┬Ы┬г┬Жc~zD* x1*H&* fAx~{D* ┬д0 ┬Сx~7 bc0xE q┬А~6 ┬Эb┬Т~6(* ┬д┬Ы+ ]┬ПA ,x┬гcD* ┬дA bE&* ╧п╧м ,x┬гcD* ┬дA ┬И┬бDbcD* ┬Эb┬Т~6(*H ┬аb┬г┬ШD* fp┬Х~|E ┬Эb┬Т~6(*H

f┬ЫJ]┬ШD* ┬З~6┬б-H ┬еx~┬жpD* ┬Б┬г┬АsgD*

z┬МF ┬д@@ A f┬ЫJ]┬ШD* ┬Ц@@ 1*2 $b@@ ┬ЫcD* x@@ ┬Шg~6bA ┬З@@ B*┬бD* ┬д@@ A b@@ E&* ┬в┬Х< bE&* f@@ ┬ЫJ]┬ШD* yCxE ┬д@@ A f┬г┬Ы┬Т~zD*H f@@ J4bmgD* ┬Р@@ :b┬Ы┬ШD* ┬в┬Х< f<*3(┬░* ┬И4b@@ ~7 2*]@@ gE* ┬в@@ ┬Х< ┬З~6┬бgD* ┬Эb┬Т@@ A ┬О*x@@ :&┬░* bEH 1976 ┬Ъb┬ЖD* fJ]┬ХcD* ib+bsgF┬░* ┬Ч├Й1 ibJ]┬ХcD* 4H2 ┬в┬Х< ┬Ч├Йg0┬░* ,x┬А┬г~6 h┬Хm- ╧о╧┤ *K $┬б~6 ┬Иb~9H&┬░* i2*25*H fJ]┬ХcD* f~6b)xD ┬Ь┬г┬г┬Х┬г)*x~6(* ┬Ь┬г┬М;┬бE ┬Ь┬г┬г┬Ж-H 9xA ┬ЬE bG├Й ┬вDH&┬░* f~9b┬МgF┬░* ,xgA ┬дA ┬Б┬г┬АsgD* ┬Щ~zB ┬ЬE f┬г┬Ю┬М~7 ibE┬б┬Х┬ЖE ┬в┬Х< $b┬Ы+ ┬бG ┬Б┬Аs┬ШD* fB2b~|E ┬Ъ]< xC3 ┬Э(* ╧о╧╡ ╧о╧м╧н╧п ┬Э*xJy0 ├С* ┬Ъ*4 fJ]┬Х+

51 тАл╪зя╗Яя║Шя╗Дя╗о╪▒ ╪зя╗Яя╗Мя╗дя║о╪зя╗зя╗▓ я╗Яя╗дя║кя╗│я╗ия║Ф ╪▒╪з┘Е ╪з ┘Ия╗гя║оя╗Ыя║░я╗ля║О ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓тАм

1989 ┬Ъb< ├С* ┬Ъ*4 f┬ЫJ]┬ШD ┬дF*x┬Ш┬ЖD* n┬г~z┬ЫD* f┬Х+b┬П┬ШD* fp┬М~|D*

1989 - 1961 ╚╜

1961

╧▒╧м

╧о╧м╧н╧п ═┤ 1994 ┬ЬE f┬гDbpD* ,xg┬МD* ═Ш╧│═Ш╧о

┬е4bmgD* ┬Вb~{┬ЫD* 4┬б┬АgD* *wG ┬дA bK ┬Г0 xAH&┬░* ┬бG ┬Ь┬гg┬ЫJ]┬ШD* y@@ CxE ┬Ц; bK J4bm ib<b┬М-4b+ ,]@@ J]/ fJ4bm- i*4b@@ ┬Ш< $b┬Ыc+ ┬Ц@@ )b┬ЮD* ┬д@@ F*x┬Ш┬ЖD* f┬г┬Х1*2 f@@ J4bm- ┬С*┬б~6&b+ ┬Щ@@ ~zg- ┬Я┬Х1*2H y@@ Cx┬ШD* ┬Ч┬б0 f@@ ┬гDb< ┬ЩG&┬░* ┬З~6┬бgD* bE&* f<*3(┬░* ┬И4b~7H ┬д~z┬г)xD* ┬И4b~{D* i*4b┬Ш┬ЖC ┬ЦEb┬ТDb+ ┬Ч┬б@@ p- ┬еwD* ┬Чb~64(┬░* ┬д@@ 0 ┬аbm-b+ ,4b┬Ы┬ШD* ┬Ь@@ E ┬Эb┬Т@@ A ┬И┬бDbcD* f┬П┬А┬ЫE ┬дA 4HbmE ┬б┬ШF ┬У@@ D3 ├Й- ┬Б~{F ┬е4bm- ┬И4b@@ ~{D f~8bs+H bK ┬г-b~z~6'┬бEH bK @ @J4bm- bK :b~{F i┬бg0* ┬дgD* ,x┬гcD* ┬д@@ A *K x┬г1&*H f~8b1 ibCx@@ ~7 ┬Вb~{F ┬вD(* fAb~9(* b┬Ю┬ЫE ┬д@@ E┬б┬ТpD* ┬еwD* "xg┬Ы~6 ┬Чb~64(┬░*" ┬Щs~┬жD* ┬е4bmgD* ┬ИHx~{┬ШD* xJ┬б┬А- &*]+ f┬ПGb~7 d-b┬ТE i*4b┬Ш<H f┬ЫJ]┬Ш┬ХD *K ]J]/ bK J4bm- *K yCxE ┬е┬бpJ ┬Ь┬ТDH ,x┬гcD* ┬дA 6]┬ПD* ┬И4b~7 ┬аbm-b+ ┬е4bmgD* ┬Вb~{┬ЫD* ┬Нj┬Т bE&* ┬УD3 h┬Пc~6 f@@ ┬г┬Ы┬Т~6H fJ4bm- M┬ЭbcE 2┬б/┬бD ┬Ч]g┬ЖE ┬Ц┬Т@@ ~{+ dc~z+ fJxG┬б/ i*x@@ ┬г┬Й- ┬ЭH2 ┬Ц; ]┬ПA b@@ ┬гF┬бg┬г+ ├С* ┬Ъ*4 4┬б@@ pE b┬ШC f┬г~z┬г)xD* ┬И4*┬б@@ ~{D* ┬Ц@@ g0* ┬еwD* ┬Р+b~zD* ┬д@@ ┬Ы┬Т~zD* ┬б@@ ┬Ш┬ЫD* ┬Ф┬б┬ЫcD* ┬Иb┬А┬П+ bK ~8b1 bK J4bm- bK :b~{F ┬Э┬б┬г~8b┬ШD* ┬д0 ]┬Ю~{J &*]@@ + fJ4b┬П┬ЖD*H f┬гDb┬ШD* ib~z~6'┬б┬ШD*H

53 тАл╪зя╗Яя║Шя╗Дя╗о╪▒ ╪зя╗Яя╗Мя╗дя║о╪зя╗зя╗▓ я╗Яя╗дя║кя╗│я╗ия║Ф ╪▒╪з┘Е ╪з ┘Ия╗гя║оя╗Ыя║░я╗ля║О ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓тАм

f┬гDbpD* ,xg┬МD* ┬дA ┬д┬Ы┬Т~zD* ┬б┬Ш┬ЫD* fAbj┬Т+ ┬Ь┬ТDH f@@ ┬Ш)b┬ПD* f┬г┬Ы┬Т~zD* $b@@ ┬г0&┬░* ┬Ц1*2 ┬б@@ ┬Ш┬ЫD* x@@ ┬Шg~6* ,4b┬Ш< ┬ЬE fJ4bmgD* ┬Эb┬Т@@ ~6(┬░* ┬ЗJ4b~{E $b┬Ы+ ┬Ч├Й@@ 1 ┬ЬE f┬гDb< hpc~8&*H f@@ ┬гDb< f┬гFb┬Т~6 f@@ Abj┬Т+H ,]< i*4b@@ ┬Ш< H&* ,]@@ 0*H ┬Р┬П~{D* 5*xA(* ┬Э┬бFbB ┬Б┬Ш┬ЫD* *wG ┬б┬ШF ┬дA ┬ЩGb~6 ])b~zD* ┬Б┬Ш┬ЫD* ┬ЦcB ┬ЬE ibFb┬Т~6(┬░* $b@@ ┬Ы+ x┬Шg~6* b┬ШC 1996 ┬Ъb@@ ┬ЖD* xB&* ┬еw@@ D* ┬У┬гD┬б.b┬ТD* ┬Эb┬Т@@ ~6(* ┬ЦjE ┬ЦB&* ,x┬г-┬б+ ┬Ь@@ ┬ТDH f┬г┬ХG&┬░* ib@@ ┬г┬Ж┬ШmD* f┬ЖEb/ ,w-b~6&* ┬Эb┬Т@@ ~6(*H ┬Цc┬Пg~z┬ШD* f@@ ┬г┬Ж┬Ш/ ┬д@@ FbjD*H ┬ЧH&┬░* ┬Ц┬Т~{+ ,x@@ ┬г┬Й~|D* $b@@ ┬г0&┬░* h@@ ┬ШF b@@ ┬ШC b@@ Gx┬г=H h@@ J5x┬г+ $b┬г0&*H ]m┬ЫE ┬Ь┬г<H ┬Э┬б┬г~8b┬ШD*H ,x┬г┬АD* $b┬г0&* b┬Ю┬ШG&*H 2x┬АE ┬НJb~|┬ШD*H ┬Чb~64(┬░* ┬д0*┬б~┬жD* xJ┬б┬А-H $b@@ ┬Ы+ ,x┬г1&┬░* x~{┬ЖD* i*┬б┬Ы~zD* ┬д@@ A &*]+ b┬ШC f~8bs+H ,x@@ ┬гcD*H ├С* ┬Ъ*4 ┬д@@ g┬ЫJ]E ┬Ч┬б0 fDy┬Ж┬Ы┬ШD* f@@ ┬г┬Ы┬Т~zD* ┬ЭbpJxD* ┬д0 b┬Ю┬ЫE xCwFH hJ5x┬г+ ┬РJx: ┬Ч┬б0 ┬Чb┬Ш~{D* ┬аbm-b+ ┬вD(* fAb~9(* @@ 9bJxD*H f0H]D* $b@@ ┬г0&*H ┬д~6bE┬б┬Х+]D* ┬д@@ pD*H yCx┬ШD* ┬д@@ A ┬Ц┬Ш┬ЖD*H f@@ ┬А┬гp┬ШD* Ix@@ ┬ПD* ┬д@@ A ┬Ь@@ ┬Т~zD* ,x@@ Gb; ,]0*H f@@ Jx~┬ж0 f┬П┬А┬ЫE ┬в@@ D(* ┬Ц┬ТC f┬П┬А┬Ы┬ШD* h@@ D┬бp- ┬У@@ Dw+H ┬Чb┬ШG(* ┬Ь┬Т┬Ш┬ШD* x@@ ┬г= ┬ЬEH ,x┬гcD*H ├С* ┬Ъ*4 b@@ g┬ЫJ]E b@@ GyCxE ┬дg┬П┬А┬ЫE ┬дA f┬ЫJ]┬Ш┬ХD f┬г+┬б┬ЫmD* ┬О*x:&┬░* ┬в@@ ┬Х< ┬еx~┬жpD* ┬б┬Ш┬ЫD* ┬НD&* ┬ЬJx~{< yGb┬ЫJ bE b┬Ю┬гD(* &bmD k┬г0 z┬гE*x┬г┬Ш~6H d┬П< x┬МC 6]┬ПD* ┬Ц1*2 ┬Ь┬Т~zD* f+┬б┬Ж~8H ┬д~6b┬г~zD* ┬З@@ ~9┬бD* dc~z+ f┬Ш~zF 6]┬ПD* fJ┬бG f┬Х┬ШpD

2┬бC4 ]┬ЖcA f@@ ┬ЫJ]┬Ш┬ХD f@@ jDbjD* ┬б┬Ш┬ЫD* f@@ /┬бE ,xg┬МD* ┬аw@@ G x@@ cg┬Ж ┬дA ┬д┬Хp┬ШD* 2b~|gB┬░* {┬ЖgF* ┬Ч├Йg0┬░* ,xgA ┬Ч├Й1 ┬е2b@@ ~|gB* f┬А┬Х~zD* $b~{F(* ┬З@@ E ┬ЬJx┬г1&┬░* ┬ЬJ]┬П┬ЖD* ┬Ч├Й@@ 1 ├С* ┬Ъ*4 f@@ ┬П┬А┬ЫE i*x┬ПEH i*4*5H ┬ЬE b┬Ю-b~z~6'┬бE y@@ Cx┬Ш-H f┬г┬Ы┬г┬А~z┬Х┬МD* f┬г┬Ы:┬бD* ib~z~6'┬б┬ШD* ┬в@@ D(* fAb~9(* ,x┬гcD*H ├С* ┬Ъ*4 ┬д@@ g┬ЫJ]E ┬дA f@@ J2b┬гB ┬д@@ F*x┬Ш┬ЖD* ┬б@@ ┬Ш┬ЫD* ┬Ц@@ ┬Ш~7 ]@@ BH f@@ ~8bsD* ibCx@@ ~{D*H f@@ ┬г┬ХG&┬░* ┬Вb~{F ┬вD(* fAb~9(* b@@ ┬Ю┬А┬гpEH f┬ЫJ]┬ШD* $*y/&* ┬З┬г┬Ш/ x@@ ┬Шg~z┬ШD* ibGyg┬Ы┬ШD*H ┬Щ@@ <b┬А┬ШD* ┬Ь@@ E x@@ ┬гj┬ТD* ┬Ц@@ ┬Ш~7 ┬д@@ ┬Ю┬гAx-H ┬д@@ Ab┬П. f┬М┬г┬МsD* ib<b┬Ы~|D* ┬Н@@ ┬гj┬Т- ┬дA ┬Цj┬Ш- ┬д<b┬Ы~8 ┬е4bm- ┬Вb@@ ~{FH f┬г<b┬Ы~|D* f┬П┬А┬Ы┬ШD* ┬дA f┬г┬Х┬Т┬г┬ЮD* ib┬А┬Аs┬ШD*H ┬д┬ПA&┬░* ┬З~6┬бgD* Q ┬Щ┬г┬Г┬ЫgD* f┬П┬А┬Ы┬ШD ┬Я┬Ж~6┬б- ┬Ц┬Ш< ┬Щ- ┬аwG 2x┬А┬ШD* ┬б┬Ш┬ЫD* ,xgA ┬Ч├Й1 ┬Б┬АsE 5bmF(* ┬Щ@@ -H ╧о╧м╧м╧░ ┬Ъb┬ЖD* Ix@@ 1&* ┬Я┬Ж~6┬б-H 1994 ┬Ъb@@ ┬ЖD* ┬Ъb┬ЖD* ┬Б┬Аs┬Ш┬ХD ┬Я@@ ┬Ж~6┬б-H 1999 ┬Ъb@@ ┬ЖD* ├С* ┬Ъ*xD ]J]/ ┬д@@ ┬Х┬Т┬гG ex= ┬Чb@@ ┬Ш~7 ┬д┬Пcg┬ШD* ┬б@@ ┬Ш┬ЫD* ┬аb@@ m-* ib@@ ┬Ж~6┬бgD* x@@ ┬Ю┬Г- ╧о╧м╧м╧╡ ┬Щ- b┬ШC x┬г┬ЮmD*H ]cD* f+x1H f┬Ж┬ЫJx┬ПD* ┬Р:b┬ЫE ┬Ц┬Ш~{gD f┬ЫJ]┬ШD* f┬ЫJ]┬ШD* ┬Ц1*2 xcC&* f┬гFb┬Т~6 ibAbjC $b@@ ┬А<(b+ ┬Р:b┬Ы┬ШD* ┬Н┬г┬Ы~| f┬ШJ]┬ПD* ,]┬ХcD* fJb┬ШpD f┬г┬Ш┬г┬Г┬Ы- ┬Ъb┬Т0&┬░ ib┬А┬Аs┬ШD* ┬Сx┬Аg- ┬ЩDH ┬Ъ*4 ┬дA f┬ШJ]┬ПD* ,]┬ХcD* h@@ ┬Х; 3(* ,2x┬М┬Ы┬ШD* f┬гsJ4bgD* ┬д@@ Fbc┬ШD*H f┬г┬Х┬Т┬г┬ЮD* ib┬А┬Аs┬ШD* ┬Ъb┬Т0&*H i*H2&* @@ z┬М┬Ы+ bK ┬г┬А┬г┬Аs- 4*]- ├С* 31f┬гsJ4bgD* b┬Юg┬Ж┬гc:H d~6b┬Ыg- ┬░ ┬дgD* f┬П+b~zD* ┬Еb┬МpD* ┬И┬б~9┬бE ┬Ч┬б0 f┬П+b~zD* i*xg┬МD* ┬Ч├Й1 fp~9*H f┬г┬А┬г┬Аs- x┬гJb┬ЖE 2┬б/H ┬Ъ]< x┬Ю┬ГJ 31 ┬ЬE bK c~6b┬ЫE f┬г┬Хp┬ШD* f┬Ыm┬ХD* ┬а*x- b┬ШD $b┬ЫcD* ┬Ъb┬Т0&* hCx- k┬г0 ┬е4b┬Ш┬Ж┬ШD* l*xgD* ┬в┬Х< ,]┬ХcD* d~6b┬Ы- ┬░ f┬г.*]0 ┬Б┬г┬Аs- x┬гJb┬ЖE d~z0 ┬ЦEb┬Жg- $b┬Ы+ fc~zFH 2*]-4*H ib┬М~8*┬бE ┬ИHx~{E 2*]<(* *K x1'┬бE ┬Щ- ]BH ┬дD┬б: ┬е4bm- H&* o ┬Ь┬Т~6 f┬П┬А┬ЫE bG4bcg<* H&* f┬ШJ]┬ПD* ib┬ЮmD* ┬ЦcB ┬ЬE fB2b~|┬Ш┬ХD b┬Ю┬ЖA4H ,2x┬М┬Ы┬ШD* ┬дFbc┬ШD*H f┬ШJ]┬ПD* ,]┬ХcD* fJb┬ШpD ┬д┬Х┬г~|┬М f~|gs┬ШD* f┬г┬Ш~6xD*

fjJ]pD* ]m┬ЫE ┬Ь┬г<H ┬Э┬б┬г~8b┬ШD* $b┬г0&*

╧▒╧о

┬дAb┬ПjD* ┬Вb~{┬ЫD*H fEb┬ЖD* ┬дFbc┬ШD* fEb┬ЖD* ib@@ ~z~6'┬б┬ШD*H f┬гE┬б┬ТpD* x@@ )*H]D* ┬Ь@@ E ]J]┬ЖD* $b┬Ы+ ┬Щ@@ f┬ЫJ]┬ШD* ┬Ч┬б@@ pg+ h┬ШGb~6 ┬дgD* ,x@@ ┬гcD*H ├С* ┬Ъ*4 ┬д@@ g┬ЫJ]E ┬д@@ A i├Й~8*┬б┬ШD* f┬Тc~7 ┬в@@ ┬Х< ├ЙK )bG bK ┬А┬Й~9 hcc~6H ┬е4*2(* y@@ Cx┬ШD f┬г0b┬ЫD* ┬ЬE bE&* ╧п╧о f@@ ┬г┬Ы┬Т~zD* i*]0┬бD*H f@@ ┬Пp┬Х┬ШD* ib@@ E]sD*H ┬ЬE ]J]┬ЖD* f@@ EbB(* f@@ ┬ЫJ]┬ШD* i]@@ ┬Ю~{A f@@ ┬г<b┬Шg/┬░* f@@ ┬гAb┬ПjD* H&* f@@ J]┬ХcD* ┬Ь@@ E ,42b@@ c┬Ш+ $*┬б@@ ~6 f@@ ┬гAb┬ПjD*H f@@ Eb┬ЖD* ┬д@@ Fbc┬ШD* yC*x┬ШD*H ┬Н0bg┬ШD* ┬УD3 ┬Ц┬Ш~{JH fJyCx┬ШD* fE┬б┬ТpD* ib~z~6'┬бE x~6bJ ┬НpgEH qJx~9H ┬дAb┬ПjD* ├С* ┬Ъ*4 x@@ ~|B ┬ЦjE f┬гAb┬ПjD* ,2┬б< ┬вD(* fAb~9(* @@ {JH42 2┬б┬ШpE ┬НpgEH q@@ Jx~9H ibAx< rx~zE ┬Ц@@ ┬гG&bgC f@@ ┬гsJ4b- M┬Эb@@ cE ┬Ъ*]sg~6*H ┬Щ@@ ┬гExgD f@@ D┬бm1 ┬Ц1*2 M┬ЭbcEH bK @ @┬П+b~6 ┬Ц┬г┬ШmD* b@@ ┬Ш┬Ы┬г~6 fc~|┬ПD* ┬У@@ -b┬Ш┬Ы┬г~6H ,x)*]CH 4b@@ .%┬░*H f0b┬г~zD* ,4*5┬б@@ D ┬Н@@ pg┬ШC f┬ШJ]┬ПD* ,]@@ ┬ХcD* f@@ ┬г<b┬Шg/*H f@@ ┬гAb┬П. ib@@ ~z~6'┬б┬ШD i*x@@ ┬П┬ШCH f@@ J]┬Хc┬ХD f@@ ┬гAb┬П. ibE]1 yC*xEH

f┬М┬Хgs┬ШD* ┬Ц0*x┬ШD* xc< ┬Я┬Ж~6┬б-H ├С* ┬Ъ*4 f┬ЫJ]┬ШD ┬д┬Х┬Т┬г┬ЮD* ┬Б┬Аs┬ШD* 2H]0 fp┬М~|D* 4b~zJ ╧о╧м╧м╧▓ ┬Ъb< ├С* ┬Ъ*4 f┬ЫJ]┬ШD ┬дF*x┬Ш┬ЖD* n┬г~z┬ЫD* f┬Х+b┬П┬ШD* fp┬М~|D* 1930 1967 1978 1983 1997

2006 - 1989

55 тАл╪зя╗Яя║Шя╗Дя╗о╪▒ ╪зя╗Яя╗Мя╗дя║о╪зя╗зя╗▓ я╗Яя╗дя║кя╗│я╗ия║Ф ╪▒╪з┘Е ╪з ┘Ия╗гя║оя╗Ыя║░я╗ля║О ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓тАм

╚╜

1989

2004

┬Э┬б┬г~8b┬ШD* ┬дA i*4*5┬бD* ┬З┬ШmEH *2x~6 ┬дA fAb┬г~┬жD* x~|B x~|pD* ┬░ ┬Чbj┬ШD* ┬Ц┬гc~6 ┬в┬Х< ╧п╧о f┬П┬А┬Ы┬ШD* ┬дA f┬г/4bsD* ,4*5H x┬ПEH ebc~{D* ┬Э*]┬гE ]┬Ы< hB'┬б┬ШD* ┬д┬ЖJx~{gD* z┬Хm┬ШD* x┬ПEH x┬ПE f┬Ж~6┬б-H $b┬Ы+ ┬вD(* fAb~9(* ┬Чb~64(┬░* ┬И4b~7 ┬в┬Х< f┬гDb┬ШD* ,4*5HH ]┬П┬ЫD* f┬А┬Х~6H f┬г<b┬Ы~|D* f┬Ж:b┬П┬ШD* ┬дA f┬г┬Ы:┬бD* f┬А┬Х~zD* f~6b)4 тАл╪пя╗Яя╗┤я╗Ю ╪зя╗Яя║дя╗Фя║О╪╕ я╗Ля╗ая╗░ ╪зя╗Яя╗дя║оя╗Ыя║░ ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓ я╗Уя╗▓ ╪▒╪з┘Е ╪зтАм

‫‪1939 Ͳ 1918‬‬

‫‪1918‬‬

‫‪56‬‬

‫‪Ƚ‬‬

‫‪1939 - 1918‬‬

‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا ‬

‫‪1961 Ͳ 1939‬‬

‫‪1939‬‬ ‫‪Ƚ‬‬

‫‪1961 - 1939‬‬

‫‪1989 Ͳ 1961‬‬

‫‪1961‬‬ ‫‪Ƚ‬‬

‫‪1989 - 1961‬‬

‫‪ϮϬϬϲ Ͳ 1989‬‬

‫‪1989‬‬ ‫‪Ƚ‬‬

‫‪2006 - 1989‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﻄﻮر اﻟﻌﻤﺮاﻧﻲ ﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ رام ا وﻣﺮﻛﺰﻫﺎ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ‪57‬‬

f gs´* 0*x´* Ä< Ñ* *xD f J]E ¯ f£ ~6 i¡£+ ¢ < f jE&*

] + bEH ib£ £ ~zgD*

ib£ £Fb jD*

ib£ £ c~zD*

ib£ £g~zD*H ib£ £~z ³*

Jx~{ D* x D* )*H&*

x~{< ~6bgD* x D* x1*H&*

f gs´* 0*x´* Ä< Ñ* *xD f J]E ¯ fJ4b© ÁbcE ¢ < f jE&*

] + bEH ϮϬϬϬ f ~6

] + bEH ib£ £ ~zgD*

ib£ £Fb jD*

ib£ £ c~zD*

ib£ £g~zD*H ib£ £~z ³*

ib£ £ +4&°*

ib£ Jx~{ D*

Jx~{ D* x D* )*H&*

f gs´* 0*x´* Ä< Ñ* *xD f J]E ¯ *]sg~6°* ,2] gE ÁbcE ¢ < f jE&*

] + bEH ib£ £ ~zgD* 59 ‫اﻟﺘﻄﻮر اﻟﻌﻤﺮاﻧﻲ ﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ رام ا وﻣﺮﻛﺰﻫﺎ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ‬

ib£ £g~zD*H ib£ £~z ³*

ib£ £ +4&°*H ib£ £.ÉjD*

ib£ Jx~{ D*

Jx~{ D* x D* )*H&*

x~{< ~6bgD* x D* x1*H&* ‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا‬

‫*&‪f gs´* 0*x´* Ä< Ñ* *xD f J]E ¯ f£ ~6 i*4b < ¢ < f jE‬‬

‫*‪ib£ £ +4°*H ib£ £.ÉjD‬‬

‫*‪ib£ £g~zD*H ib£ £~z ³‬‬

‫*‪ib£ £ c~zD‬‬

‫*‪] + bEH ib£ £ ~zgD‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ اﻟﻔﺮاﻏﻲ‬ ‫"اﻟﻤﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ" ﻟﻠﻨﺴﻴﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ‬

‫‪ϲϬ‬‬

‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا ‬

‫‪61‬‬

┬н5g┬Я┬Н┬ЯH+ s┬л┬Е┬Б┬в┬ЬH "┬м0┬иH┬иE5┬и┬ЯH+" ┬м>+}┬УH+ ┬Э┬л┬Щ┬Е┬ВlH+ ═Ш╧п ╔Ш

╔Ш

┬ЬE ┬д+x┬ЙD* $y┬▒* ┬е┬бpJ ┬еwD* ]┬ХcD* ,*┬бF ┬ЧH&┬░* $y┬▒* ═Ш1 fJx┬ПD* 4w/ ├ЙK ┬Т~{E ┬░K H&* ┬д┬Ы+ ┬ЯF&* ]┬Пg┬ЖJH f@@ ├В]┬ПD* ,]┬ХcD* 8*├ЖDb+ $y@@ ┬▒* *wG 5bg├В ┬Ц@@ ┬г┬Х┬│* ┬Ъb┬ПE ┬З@@ B┬бE ┬Ч┬б@@ 0 bE bK <┬бF f@@ ┬П┬Х┬Й┬┤* @@ 7*┬б0&┬░*H ┬е┬б@@ ~┬ж┬ЖD* ┬Ц@@ ┬гg┬ТgD*H ┬╖b@@ ┬ЖD* 4*┬б~6&┬░*H f┬г/4b┬│* ├Бbc┬┤* ib┬Ю/*H b┬Ю┬Х┬Т~{- ┬дgD* fB5&┬░*H ibGb┬й┬░* fAbC ┬п ┬еHx┬ПD* 4w┬▒* 2*]gE* ├БbjD* $y┬▒* ═Ш╧о ┬ЬE $y@@ ┬▒* *w@@ G ┬Э┬б@@ ┬ТgJ e┬б@@ ┬Ы┬▒*H ┬Сx@@ ~{D* f@@ ~8b1H f┬гD┬б: 4Hb@@ ┬╣ ┬Ч┬б0 ├ИC&* ┬Ъb@@ ┬ГgF*H ┬ЦB&* 8*├Ж+ i├Й@@ g┬Т fAb~9(* @@ 7*┬б0&┬░* ┬ЬE bK @ @0bg┬МF* ├ИC&* f@@ JHb┬Ш~6 ib@@ 0b~6H ├Бbc┬┤* b┬Ю┬А┬г┬л ┬░ ┬Сx: ┬╢(* ┬Ч┬бpg- bK 0bg┬МF* ├ИC&* fB5&* ┬╢(* ┬д┬Ж┬гc┬АD* ┬Б┬гp┬┤b+ ┬е┬б┬М< ┬Ц1*]- ┬п ┬О*x:&┬░* ┬в┬Х< ├Бbc┬┤* 8*├Ж- k┬г0 fJ4bmgD* fc~|┬ПD* kDbjD* $y@@ ┬▒* ═Ш3 f@@ c~|┬ПD* ┬Ц┬Т@@ ~{gD f@@ J4bmgD* ib@@ ┬Ю/*┬бD* i*3 @@ 7*┬б0&┬░*H H&* ┬РJx┬АD* ┬Ъb┬ЖD* ┬Л*x┬МD* ┬Ц@@ ~|OA k┬г0 r┬б~9┬б+ fJ4bmgD* ┬ЬE ┬Б┬ПA ┬Ц~8*┬б- ┬ЗE 8b┬│* ┬Ь< q~9*H ┬Ц┬Т~{+ f@@ c~|┬ПD* 7*┬б0&┬░* ib+*┬б+ ┬Ч├Й1 ┬Ь< ,y┬г┬г┬н ┬Ь┬Т├В ┬еwD* ,2x┬М┬Ы┬┤* ├Бbc┬┤* ┬З+*xD* $y┬▒* ═Ш4 k┬гp+ ┬ЯD f┬г/4b┬│* ┬О*┬б┬▓* ┬в┬Х< ┬З┬ПJH ┬е]┬г┬Х┬ПgD* n┬г~z┬ЫD* ┬Ь┬Ш~9 bE(*H ,x~7bcE ┬И4*┬б~{D* ┬в┬Х< bE(* ,2x┬М┬ЫE ┬Я-┬б┬г+ ┬З┬П ╧оf┬ПJ]pC f~8b1 94&* f┬Ж┬АB ┬д<*4yD* ┬Б┬Ш┬ЫD* ┬ЬE ┬дmJ4]gD* ┬Чb┬ПgF┬░* ┬вD(* ┬ЬJbcgD* *wG Iy┬ЖJH ┬Н~|┬ЫD* ┬дA &*]+ ┬еwD* ┬д.*]pD* ┬Э]┬Шg┬ШD* ┬Б┬Ш┬ЫD* ┬вD(* ┬е]┬г┬Х┬ПgD* ibJ*]+H ┬ЯgJb┬ЮF ┬дA ]<b~|-H x~{< ┬З~6bgD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ┬ЬE ┬дFbjD* ┬ЦjQ ┬Ш-H ┬дF*x┬Ш┬ЖD* ┬ЬJ┬б┬ТgD* ┬дA bK ┬г<┬бF *K x┬г┬Й- ┬дDbgD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ┬Э]┬Шg┬ШD* $b┬ЫcD*H ┬д0├Й┬МD* ┬е]┬г┬Х┬ПgD* $b┬ЫcD* ┬Ь┬г+ ┬Ц1*]gD* ┬дA ├М┬Й~8 ┬З┬Ш┬й fF┬б┬ТE 8*├ЖD* o4b1 ,2x┬М┬Ы┬┤* ├Бbc┬┤* ┬ж┬Ж+ ┬Р~8├Й- l]0 ,42bF i┬░b0 ┬п ╧о 8*├Ж┬┤* n┬г~z┬ЫD* ┬Ц1*]D fcCx┬┤* H&* f┬Ж┬Шm┬┤* i┬б┬гc┬ХD ┬Я+b~{E

63 тАл╪зя╗Яя║Шя║╕я╗Ья╗┤я╗Ю ╪зя╗Яя╗Фя║о╪зя╗Пя╗▓ "╪зя╗Яя╗дя╗о╪▒я╗Уя╗оя╗Яя╗оя║Яя╗▓" я╗Яя╗ая╗ия║┤я╗┤я║Ю ╪зя╗Яя╗дя╗Мя╗дя║О╪▒┘К я╗Яя╗ая╗дя║оя╗Ыя║░ ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓тАм

╧н╧╡╧п╧м f┬Ы~6 ┬вg0H x~{< ┬З~6bgD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ┬ЦcB bE ├С* ┬Ъ*4 f┬ЫJ]┬┤ ├Б*x┬Ш┬ЖD* ┬З~6┬бgD*

┬дsJ4bgD* n┬г~z┬ЫD* ═Ш╧н═Ш╧п f~6*4]Db+ ,xJ]/ fDb0 ├С* ┬Ъ*4 ┬п ┬дsJ4bgD* yCx┬┤* n┬г~zF ├Дg┬ЖJ k┬г0 ┬ЬE ┬Я-4]FH ┬аy┬г┬ШgD f┬г/┬бD┬бA4┬б┬┤* f┬г0b┬ЫD* ┬ЬE ┬Ц┬г┬ХpgD*H ├Б]┬┤*H ┬еHx┬ПD* bG]┬Ю~7 ┬дgD* f┬М┬Хgs┬┤* ┬Вb┬┐&┬░*H i*├Ж┬МD* 8*├ЖE n┬г~z┬Ы+ ┬еHx┬ПD* ┬Б┬Ш┬ЫD* i*3 fJ]┬г┬Х┬ПgD* ,*┬б┬ЫD* ┬ЬE *K $]+ ibJ*]+ b┬Ю┬г┬Х- i├Й)b┬ЖD* d~z0 f<5┬бE 7*┬б0&*H i*4b0 ┬ЬE ,]J]/ i├Йg┬Т- i4┬б: ┬дgD* ┬ЯD┬б0H n┬г~z┬ЫD* ┬Ц1*2 ┬Э]┬ШgD* f┬г~z┬г)4 fc~|B ┬╢(* fAb~9(* bK 0bg┬МF* ├ИC&* ,2x┬М┬ЫE ├БbcEH ┬д┬Ы┬Т~6H ┬е4b┬й f┬А┬Хg┬║ fJ4b┬Ш┬ЖE ┬Вb┬┐&b+ ┬е4bmgD* ┬Вb~{┬Ы┬ХD 1 ┬Ъb<H f┬М┬Хg┬║ i*├ЖA ┬ЬE ib┬Пc: dC*x- ┬ЬE ┬дsJ4bgD* n┬г~z┬ЫD* ┬Ц┬Т~{ ┬Эx┬П┬ХD ├БbjD* ┬Н~|┬ЫD* x~{< ┬З~6bgD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ┬Н~|g┬ЫE ┬ЦcB bE kDbjD* ┬Э*]┬П┬ЖD* ┬ЬJx~{┬ЖD* ┬Эx┬П┬ХD ┬Э┬░H&┬░* ┬Э*]┬П┬ЖD* x~{< ┬З~6bgD* ├Дg┬Ж- f┬г.*]0 x~8b┬Ы< ┬╢(* fAb~9(* ┬ЬJx~{┬ЖD* ┬Эx┬П┬ХD ┬З+*xD*H ┬Эx┬ПD* ib┬г┬Ы┬гg~6 x1*H&* ┬вg0H ib┬г┬Ы┬г~z┬Ш┬│* ,├ЖA ┬ЬE ,y┬г┬╗ ┬п ┬И┬б┬ЫgD*H ┬ЬJbcgD* ┬Щ~z┬ПD* *wG ┬п ┬Ц┬г┬ХpgD* x┬Ю┬ГJH ┬ЬJx~{┬ЖD* ┬Я)*y/&* ├Н+ bE ┬д=*x┬МD* ┬Ц┬г┬Т~{gD* ┬Ъb┬ЖD* ┬д┬Ы┬г┬А~z┬Х┬МD* q~z┬┤* f:4b1 ┬в┬Х< ┬Щ~z┬ПD* *wG ┬п ┬дsJ4bgD* n┬г~z┬Ы┬ХD ┬Ц┬г┬ХpgD* ]┬Шg<* 1 n┬г~z┬Ы┬ХD f┬Х┬Т~{┬┤* x~8b┬Ы┬ЖD* fB]+H z┬Т┬Ж- ┬дgD*H 1939 ┬Ъb┬ЖD* ┬вg0 h.Q]0 ┬дgD* ╧н╧╡╧п╧м ┬Ц~|0 ┬еwD* ├М┬г┬ЙgD*H ┬Ъ]┬ЮD* f┬г┬Х┬Ш< ┬ЦcB ┬ЦEb┬Тg┬┤* n┬г~z┬ЫD* ,x┬Ю┬ГE ,├Ж┬МD* ┬У┬Х- ┬п ├Б*x┬Ш┬ЖD* ]B f:4b┬│* ┬аwG ┬Э&* ┬Эbc~z┬▓b+ w1&┬░* ┬о ]BH ib~8bcD* f┬А┬╣ $b~{F(┬░ ib┬г┬Ы┬г~z┬Ш┬│* ┬Ц)*H&* ]J]┬ЖD* ,4b~zs+ ┬дsJ4bgD* ├Б*x┬Ш┬ЖD* ┬Ц┬г┬Т~{gD* ┬в┬Х< x.&* ┬еwD* ╧н╧╡╧о╧│ ┬Ъb┬ЖD* ┬Ч*yD5 ]┬Ж+ i4┬б: fEb┬ЖD* ib0b~z┬Ш┬ХD b┬Ю~┬ж┬Ж+ ┬Эb┬ТE ┬Ч├Й┬Йg~6* H&* ,]J]/ M┬Эbc┬з b┬ЮD*]cg~6*H f┬гsJ4bgD* ├Бbc┬┤* ┬ЬE b┬Ю┬ШB*┬б┬А+ fJ]┬ХcD* hFbC ,├ЖA ┬п i]<&* b┬ЮF&* ┬п bK ~┬жJ&* f:4b┬│* ┬аwG f┬г┬ШG&* ┬Ь┬Ш┬Т-H ┬И4*┬б~{D*H h┬А┬А1 H&* ┬Ц┬Ж┬МDb+ h┬Х1]- ]B ╧н╧╡╧о╧│ ┬Ъb┬ЖD* l]0 b┬ШC ┬Щ┬Ю┬ЖE i]Bb┬Ж- ┬ЬE H&* f┬г┬А┬г┬АsgD* f0b~6 ┬З┬г~6┬бg+ $]cD*H ┬Ц┬Ю~zD* ┬И4b~7 ┬Р~7 ┬ЦjE ┬ЯD┬б0H n┬г~z┬ЫD* ┬Ц1*2 f┬г.*]0 f┬г=*xA i├Й1]gD ,├М┬АD* тАУ,4b┬Ы┬┤* ┬д+x┬ЙD* ┬дBx~{D* 4┬бp┬┤* ┬в┬Х< ├Б*x┬Ш┬ЖD* ┬З~6┬бgD* ibJ*]+ z┬г~6&b-H f/x┬▓* тАл╪пя╗Яя╗┤я╗Ю ╪зя╗Яя║дя╗Фя║О╪╕ я╗Ля╗ая╗░ ╪зя╗Яя╗дя║оя╗Ыя║░ ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓ я╗Уя╗▓ ╪▒╪з┘Е ╪зтАм

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65 ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ اﻟﻔﺮاﻏﻲ "اﻟﻤﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ" ﻟﻠﻨﺴﻴﺞ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ‬

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‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا‬

┬дsJ4bgD* n┬г~z┬Ы┬ХD ┬д=*x┬МD* d┬гC├ЖD* ┬И*┬бF&* ═Ш╧о═Ш╧п h┬П~|gD* ┬дgD* bK ┬П0┬░ fAb~┬ж┬┤* ├Бbc┬┤* ┬п f┬г~8┬б~|┬│* ┬аwG ┬Ц┬П-H *wD ┬Я~z┬МF 7┬б┬▓* b┬ЮC4b~{- ┬Э&* ┬ЭH2 ┬╢H&┬░* fcCx┬┤* i┬б┬гcD* ┬п b┬Ю┬Х~|┬М- f~8b1 fJHb┬Ш~6 ib0b~6 ┬в┬Х< fAb~┬ж┬┤* ├Бbc┬┤* i┬бg0* fB5&┬░* ┬Ь< ┬Ц~6├Й~6H 4*┬б~6&* ┬ЬE bK ~┬жJ&* ┬е2┬б┬Ш< ┬Ц┬Т~{+ f┬г~6b~6&┬░* ,]0┬б┬ХD 4*x┬ТgD* l]0 ]BH ┬ж┬Ж+ ┬п fJ┬б┬Х< f0b~6 ┬е┬б┬л f┬А┬г~z+ fJ┬б┬Х< fAx= fAb~9(* ┬Ч├Й1 ┬Ц1*2 fJ]┬г┬Х┬ПgD* ib┬ЫJ┬б┬ТgD* ┬аwG i]┬П┬Ж-H i4┬б┬А- ┬Эb┬г0&┬░* ┬Ч┬бpg┬гDH bK J2┬б┬Ш<H bK ┬г┬ПA&* ]g┬ШgD hB┬бD* 4HxE ┬ЗE 8*├Ж┬┤* n┬г~z┬ЫD* ┬Э*┬б┬гD i┬б┬г+ ┬е┬б┬л d┬гC├ЖD* ,]┬П┬ЖE f┬Ж┬Ш┬╕ i┬б┬г+ ┬╢(* b┬Ю~┬ж┬Ж+ fAx= ┬ЬE ├ИC&* ┬ЬE fF┬б┬ТE ib┬г┬Х<H

f0b~6 ┬Ч┬б0 f.├Й. H&* ├НGb┬йb+ ┬╖┬б: ┬Ц┬Т~{+ H&* b┬ЮEbE&* f0┬бg┬МE ┬И┬бF ┬ЬE ├ИC&* nE]- f┬г)*┬б~{<H fJ┬б~┬ж< ├ИC&* ┬Чb┬Т~7&b+ H&* h┬гcD* rbg┬МF* ┬Ь< ,])b~zD* ,x┬Т┬МD* ┬╢(* r┬б~9┬б+ ┬Ц┬гg┬ТgD* *wG ┬Ч]J ┬еyCx┬┤* ┬Л*x┬МD* ┬Ц┬Т~{J k┬гp+ o4b┬│* ┬Ь< ┬ЯB├Й┬ЙF*H ┬Ц1*]D* ┬бpF 4┬бc┬ЖD* f┬А┬ПFH ┬Ц~8┬бD* f┬П┬Х0 "f0b~zD*" ┬дcFb┬▒* H&* " 7┬б┬▓*" ┬аw┬ЮD ┬д/4b┬│* $y┬▒* ┬а4bcg<b+ 8b┬│*H ┬Ъb┬ЖD* y┬г┬▓* ├Н+ bE f┬гDy┬Ы┬┤* ib:b~{┬ЫD* ┬ЬE ]J]┬Ж┬ХD ┬Ъ]sg~zJ ┬еwD* fcCx┬┤* i┬б┬гcD* 7┬б┬▓* f┬г┬Х1*]D* f0b~zD* *3 dCx┬┤* h┬гcD* ┬Э&* IxF ┬УDwDH f┬гDb< f┬г~8┬б~|s+ 5bg├ВH n┬г~z┬Ы┬ХD ┬╖H&┬░* ┬д=*x┬МD* ┬Ц┬г┬Т~{gD* ┬бG

f┬г=*xA f┬г┬Х┬Т┬гGH $b┬Ы+ e┬б┬Х~6&* ┬Ь< ,4bc< ┬бG ┬е]┬г┬Х┬ПgD* n┬г~z┬ЫD*H i┬б┬г+ ┬ЬE ┬Э┬б┬Тg- i├Йg┬Тg+ 8*├Ж┬┤* $b┬ЫcD* ,x┬ТA ┬в┬Х< f┬г┬ЫcE fB5&┬░* b┬Ю┬Х~|┬М- bK g┬г+ ├Н.├Й. ┬╖*┬б0 ┬╢(* ├Нg┬г+ ├Н+ bE ,]< ┬Э┬б┬ТgJH bK ┬П+b~6 xC3 b┬ШC Ix1&┬░* i├Йg┬ТgD* ┬Ь< ibBx┬АD*H ┬Б┬г~zcD* ┬д0├Й┬МD* h┬гcD* ┬дGH f┬г~6b~6&* ,]0┬бD 4*x┬Т- ┬ЬE ┬Ц┬гg┬ТgD* 7*┬б0&┬░* ng┬ЫgD ┬УD3 ┬ЭH2 H&* h┬г+ ┬Иb┬П+ ┬ЭbC&* $*┬б~6 ]┬П┬ЖD*

fDb0 ┬ЦC ┬п xJb┬ЙE ┬Ъb┬Г┬Ы+ ┬З┬Шmg- f┬А┬г~z+ i*]0H ┬ЬE i*4b┬▓*H f┬А┬г~zcD* i*]0┬бD* b┬Ю+ ┬З┬Ш┬й ┬дgD* ib┬ЫJ┬б┬ТgD*H i┬░b┬▓* ┬Н┬Хgs-H H&* 7┬б0 ┬Р┬Х┬ЙE ┬еyCxE ┬Л*xA ┬Ч┬б0 ┬З┬Шmg- ┬Э&* ┬Ь┬Т├В ├Йj┬ШA ib0b~6 2┬б/H ┬ЗE ┬д┬А1 ┬╖┬б: ┬Ц┬Т~{+ ┬дcFb/ ┬З┬Ш┬й ┬Ч├Й1 ┬ЬE

fB5&┬░*H i┬б┬гcD*H 7*┬б0&┬░* ┬еHx┬ПD* ┬д=*x┬МD* ┬Ц┬Т┬г┬ЮD*

═Ш╚Я

┬Р:b┬ЫE ┬░K H&* ┬╢(* ┬Ъb< ┬Ц┬Т~{+ ├Н┬А~z┬ХA ┬п ┬еHx┬ПD* n┬г~z┬ЫD* ┬Щ~z┬ПJ Ix1&┬░* i├Й┬г┬Т~{gD*H 7*┬б0&┬░* f┬г┬ЫcE f┬г┬Х)b< f~8b1 ib=*xA ┬ЬE bK ┬гFb. 7*┬б0&*H f┬гDy┬ЫE ib0b~6 ┬ЬE b┬Ю-b┬Пp┬ХEH i├Йg┬ТgD* ├Н+ bE f0┬бg┬М┬┤* ib0b~zD*H ibBx┬АD*H fB5&┬░* fEb< ┬ЯDb┬Т~7&* q~9H&b+ ┬Б┬Ш┬ЫD* *wG x┬Ю┬ГJ ├С* ┬Ъ*4 fDb0 ┬пH b┬ЮD┬б0H f┬Ш)bB fB├Й┬ЖD* ┬Ц┬Г- ,*┬б┬ЫD* ┬Ь< bF]┬Жg+* b┬Ш┬ХCH ,*┬б┬ЫD* f┬П┬А┬ЫE ┬п bK ~7┬б0 qc~|gD ┬Ц┬Шg┬Т- ┬╡ i├Йg┬Т- x┬Ю┬Г- k┬г0 ┬ЦB&* 8*├Ж+ ┬Ь┬ТD ├Д< b┬Ю┬гD(* ┬Ц~|- ├МC*┬б0 H&* f=4bA 9*4& M * x1%┬░* ┬ж┬ЖcDb+ ┬Б┬гpJH 4*┬б~6&┬░* H&* i┬б┬гcD* b┬Ю┬А┬г┬л ┬░ ┬Сx:

bK ~┬жJ&* i]gE*H f┬г+x┬ЙD* ,4b┬▓* ┬Щ┬гG*x+(* 4*2 fD┬б┬Ш0H f┬г+┬б┬Ы┬▒* zJx/ fD┬б┬Ш0 bE&* bK ┬гDb0 ┬еx┬Ш┬ЖD* ┬ЗEb┬▒* ┬Ц┬г┬Х┬│* ┬Ъb┬ПE ┬Ч┬б0 bK +x=H ┬░K b┬Ш~7 ┬Щ┬гG*x+(* ,4b0 ├Н+ bE bK ~┬жJ&* ┬Ъb┬П┬┤* ┬Ч┬б0 h┬Ы┬Т~zA ┬ЬJ2*]┬▓* fD┬б┬Ш┬▓ fF┬б┬Т┬┤* i├Й)b┬ЖD* bE&* bK +┬б┬Ы/ ,x┬П~{D* fD┬б┬Ш0H N ,4b0 ┬дBx~{D* ┬╖b┬Ш~{D*H ┬дBx~{D* ┬Щ~z┬ПD* h┬Ы┬Т~zA ,N2 N]┬▓*

6 b┬ЮD┬б0 bEH 2*┬б< ┬е]┬г┬Х┬ПgD* n┬г~z┬ЫD* ┬п ┬Ъb┬ЖD* ┬Л*x┬МD* f┬г┬Х┬Т┬гG ┬п f┬гc-*├ЖD* x┬Ю┬Г- ┬░ x┬Й~8 dc~z+ ┬Э]┬Ш┬ХD ┬дsJ4bgD* n┬г~z┬ЫDb+ fF4b┬ПE r┬б~9┬б+ ┬еHx┬ПD* fc┬гC├ЖD* h~z┬Т┬ЖF* ]┬ПA ┬Н)b;┬бD* ┬п ┬ЬJbcgD* ┬Ъ]<H n┬г~z┬ЫD* ┬Ц~|┬МD* ┬ЭbC k┬г0 8b┬│*H ┬Ъb┬ЖD* ├Н+ fB├Й┬ЖD* ┬в┬Х< f┬г<b┬Шg/┬░* z┬Х+bFH 6]┬ПDbC f┬гsJ4b- ┬Э]┬з ┬Э4┬бB bE *3(* ,]0 ┬ЦB&* b┬Ш┬Ю┬Ы┬г+ ┬ЬJ4b┬┤* $b+x┬ЙD* f┬ХBH ,]0*H ,4b0 ┬п ,]g┬Ш┬┤* f┬Х)b┬ЖD* 4*x┬Пg~6bA f┬гDb┬ЖD* f┬г~8┬б~|┬│* ┬аwG b┬г<]g~zJ ┬╡ i*4b┬▓* ┬Ц1*2 fB5&┬░* ┬п ┬Ч├Й1 ┬ЬE 7*┬б0&┬░* ┬Ь< fB5&┬░* h┬Х~|A *wD q~9*┬бD* ┬Ц~|┬МD*H fJxm0 4*┬б~6&* i┬░b┬▓* ┬ж┬Ж+ ┬пH f┬г/4b┬│* ├Бbc┬┤* ┬Б)*┬б0 f┬г┬Т┬Х┬┤* 2H]0 ┬Д┬М┬л b┬Ю┬Ы┬ТD f┬гDb< f┬г~8┬б~|1 ┬д┬А┬Ж- ┬░ f~┬ж┬Мs┬ЫE f┬гsJ4bgD* 4┬б~|D* ┬Н┬г~74&* ┬п kpcD*H ├Б*]┬г┬┤* q~z┬┤* x┬Ю┬ГOJ ┬╡ ┬НJxD* ┬п ┬О┬бD&bE xE&* ┬бGH f┬гDb< 4*┬б~6&*H ib+*┬б+ 2┬б/H x~|┬Ы┬ЖC ib+*┬бcD* b┬Ю┬гA ix┬Ю; ┬дgD* i┬░b┬▓* bE&* ┬д┬Ы┬г┬А~z┬Х┬МD* fc~|┬ПD* ┬п bE(* hFb┬ТA 7┬б┬▓*H ┬РJx┬АD* ├Н+ ┬Ц~8bA ┬е4b┬Ш┬ЖE ┬в┬Х< h┬г┬Ы+ f┬Ж┬Ш┬╕ 7*┬б0&* H&* ,2x┬М┬ЫE i┬б┬г+ ┬п bE(*H fJ4bmgD* ibJ*]+ f┬П0┬░ f┬гsJ4b- i*├ЖA ┬п ┬дsJ4bgD* n┬г~z┬ЫD* ┬О*x:&* ┬п ┬а'Hb┬Ы+ ┬в┬ЮgF* ┬еwD* S4 ├Б┬б┬Хm┬ЖD* 7┬б0 ┬ЦjE ┬Э]┬ШgD* ┬ЬJx~{┬ЖD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ┬ЬE ┬ЧH&┬░* ]┬П┬ЖD*

f┬П┬А┬ЫE ┬Ц1*2 f┬гsJ4bgD* ┬дFbc┬ШD*H fB5┬░*H 7*┬б0┬░* ┬е]┬г┬Х┬ПgD* fJx┬ПD* ┬в┬ЫcE x┬Ю┬Г- ,4┬б~8 ┬Эx┬ПD* ibJ*]+ H&* x~{< ┬З~6bgD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ibJb┬ЮF ┬ЬE ,4┬б~|D* ┬Ч┬б┬ЮmE ,4┬б~|D* ┬ЗB┬бE 8*xgD* '╞М─В┼╢╞Ъ ╧н╧╡╧о╧н xJ]┬П- ┬ЬJx~{┬ЖD*

f┬г<*4yD* ┬д~9*4┬░* ┬Э*x┬Ю┬Г- ┬ЬJx~{┬ЖD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ibJ*]+ H&* x~{< ┬З~6bgD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ibJb┬ЮF ┬ЬE ,4┬б~8 ┬Ц┬Ю~zD* f┬П┬А┬ЫE x┬Ю┬Г-H ┬дBx~{D* ┬Чb┬Ш~{D* ┬аbm-b+ fJ]┬ХcD* ┬И4b~7 f┬П┬А┬ЫE ┬ЬE ,3┬б1&bE fJx┬ПD* ┬Ч┬б0 ┬дFHxg┬ТD┬░* ,xC*wD* ┬дA ┬Ь┬г┬А~z┬ХA ┬ЗB┬бE 4]~|┬ШD* ┬Ь┬г-├ЙD* xJ2H f┬гFb┬Шj┬ЖD* f┬Ш┬Тp┬ШD*H

67 тАл╪зя╗Яя║Шя║╕я╗Ья╗┤я╗Ю ╪зя╗Яя╗Фя║о╪зя╗Пя╗▓ "╪зя╗Яя╗дя╗о╪▒я╗Уя╗оя╗Яя╗оя║Яя╗▓" я╗Яя╗ая╗ия║┤я╗┤я║Ю ╪зя╗Яя╗дя╗Мя╗дя║О╪▒┘К я╗Яя╗ая╗дя║оя╗Ыя║░ ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓тАм

f┬г<*4yD* ┬д~9*4┬░* ┬Э*x┬Ю┬Г- ┬ЬJx~{┬ЖD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ibJ*]+ H&* x~{< ┬З~6bgD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ibJb┬ЮF ┬ЬE ,4┬б~8 4]~|┬ШD* ┬дsJ4bgD* yCx┬ШD* ┬аbm-b+ ┬д┬Х< ┬ЪxC ┬ЭbsD* f┬П┬А┬ЫE ┬ЬE ,3┬б1&bE fJx┬ПD* ┬Ч┬б0 ┬дFHxg┬ТD┬░* ,xC*wD* ┬дA ┬Ь┬г┬А~z┬ХA ┬ЗB┬бE

fJ4bmgD* fc~|┬ПD* x┬Ю┬Г- ┬ЬJx~{┬ЖD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ibJ*]+ H&* x~{< ┬З~6bgD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ibJb┬ЮF ┬ЬE ,4┬б~8 8bsD*H ┬Ъb┬ЖD* ┬Л*x┬МD* ┬Ь┬г+ bE q~9*┬бD* ┬Ц~|┬МD* x┬Ю┬Г- ┬дgD*H ┬дFbc┬ШD ib┬Ю/*┬бD* x┬Ю┬Г-H '╞М─В┼╢╞Ъ ╧н╧╡╧о╧н

┬ЗE ┬ж┬ЖcD* b┬Ю~┬ж┬ЖcD fc~z┬ЫDb+ i*4b┬▓* ┬ЗB┬бE 2]pJ ┬Ц┬Т~{+ bK ┬г=*xA ┬Щ┬г~z┬ПgD* *wG ┬Ц┬ГJH 6 fB]+ i*4b┬▓* ├Н+ bE f┬Х~8b┬МD* 2H]┬▓* ]J]┬л f+┬б┬Ж~8

┬еHx┬ПD* ┬е]┬г┬Х┬ПgD* n┬г~z┬ЫD* f┬г<*4yD* ┬д~9*4&┬░*H fJx┬ПD* q┬А~zE

═Ш╚Ц

┬ЬE 8*├Ж┬┤* ┬дsJ4bgD* n┬г~z┬ЫD* f┬П┬А┬ЫE f┬ПAx┬┤* 4┬б~|D* x┬Ю┬Г x~{< ┬З~6bgD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ibJb┬ЮF ┬вg0 h┬г┬Ы+ ┬дgD* ib=*x┬МD*H ├Бbc┬┤* f┬П┬А┬Ы┬┤* ]┬ХcD* 4w/ fJx┬П┬ХD fJ]┬г┬Х┬ПgD* f┬г┬Х┬Т┬г┬ЮD* z┬Т┬Ж- ┬дgD*H ┬дgD* ├МC*┬б┬▓* f┬П┬А┬ЫE b┬Ю┬А┬г┬л b┬ЮgB5&*H f~8*├Ж┬┤* f┬г┬Ыc┬┤* e┬б┬Ы┬▒*H ex┬ЙD*H f┬г+x┬ЙD* f┬гDb┬Ш~{D* f┬г0b┬ЫD* ┬п bG4b.%* h┬Х; ┬ЪHxCH f┬г<*4yD* ┬Р:b┬Ы┬┤* b┬Ю┬г┬Х- ┬ЬJx~{┬ЖD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ┬Б~6*H&* ┬вg0 *wG ┬Э&* ╧н╧╡╧п╧м @D* f:4b1 x┬Ю┬Г-H ├НgD*H ┬Э┬бgJyD*H d┬Ы┬ЖD* ┬п ┬Ц┬Ж┬МDb+ 4b~zpF┬░b+ &*]+ ]B fJx┬П┬ХD ┬е]┬г┬Х┬ПgD* ┬д=*x┬МD* ┬Щ┬г~z┬ПgD* f┬П┬А┬Ы┬┤* ┬п ,2x┬М┬Ы┬┤* f┬гsJ4bgD* ┬Ч5b┬Ы┬┤* $b┬Ы+ ┬о ├Н0 ,├Ж┬МD* ┬У┬Х ┬пH ┬░K bjE ┬Щ┬гG*x+(* ,4b0 ├МC*┬б┬▓* f~8bs+H 4w┬▒b+ f┬А┬гp┬┤* ┬Щ┬гG*x+(* 4*2 ┬Сx~7 ox┬┤*H ┬Ц┬Ю~zD* ┬И4b~7 f┬г<*4yD* ┬Р:b┬Ы┬┤* ┬Ч5b┬Ы┬┤* b┬Юg┬Жc- bK Bx~7 f┬г┬ЫJ]D* ib~z~6'┬б┬┤* $b┬Ы+ ┬╢(* fAb~9(* ├М┬ЙgD* ┬в┬Х< *wG ┬Ч]JH f┬г<*4yD* d:b~|┬┤* ┬п fJ4bmgD* ├Бbc┬┤*H 42b┬гcD* f:4b┬│* x┬Ю┬Г- ├ЙA ┬Ц~8b┬▓* ┬д<b┬Шg/┬░* ┬е2b~|gB┬░* Ix┬ПD* ┬Б)*x1 ┬п b┬ШC x~8b┬Ж┬┤bC ┬д<*4yD* obgF(┬░* ┬Р:b┬ЫEH hB┬бD* ┬УD3 ┬п Ix1&┬░* ┬Л*x┬МD*H ┬Ъb┬ЖD* $b~┬ж┬МD* ├Н@@ + bE ┬Ц~|┬МD*H f┬г<b┬Шg/┬░* f@@ c┬гC├ЖD* ═Ш╚Ы fB5&┬░*H i*4b┬▓* 8b┬│* ┬Ъ┬б┬Ю┬М┬┤b+ ┬Рc~zE ┬Б┬г┬Аs- ┬ЭH2 bK J┬б~┬ж< *K ┬б┬┐ ┬е]┬г┬Х┬ПgD* n┬г~z┬ЫD* b┬┐ f┬г<b┬Шg/* i*4bcg<┬░ ┬З~┬ж1 ┬ЯF&* ┬░(* ┬еx~┬ж┬▓* ┬Б┬г┬Аsg┬ХD ┬╖b┬▓* i├Й)b┬ЖD* b┬Ю┬гA ┬И5┬бg- i*4b0 ┬╢(* n┬г~z┬ЫD* ┬Щ┬г~z┬П- b┬Ю┬ШG&* f┬г=*xAH M┬ЭbcE H&* 7*┬б0&* ┬╢(* ,4b┬▓* ┬Щ~z┬П- k┬гp+ ,]g┬Ш┬┤* f┬г~z┬г)xD* ,4b┬▓* ,x┬П~{D* fD┬б┬Ш0 h┬Ы┬Т~6 ]┬ПA b┬Ю~z┬МF f┬Х)b┬Ж┬ХD f~8*├ЖE тАл╪пя╗Яя╗┤я╗Ю ╪зя╗Яя║дя╗Фя║О╪╕ я╗Ля╗ая╗░ ╪зя╗Яя╗дя║оя╗Ыя║░ ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓ я╗Уя╗▓ ╪▒╪з┘Е ╪зтАм

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69 ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ اﻟﻔﺮاﻏﻲ "اﻟﻤﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ" ﻟﻠﻨﺴﻴﺞ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ‬

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‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا‬

┬е4bmgD* n┬г~z┬ЫD*H fJ4bmgD* fc~|┬ПD* f┬А┬гp┬┤* ├Бbc┬┤* ┬Р~8├Йg-H ibcCx┬┤*H ,b~{┬┤* fCx0 ├Н+ ┬Ц~|AH ├ДC&* i├Й┬╣ ┬д~94&┬░* ┬Р+b┬АD* ┬е┬бpJH ┬Я~z┬МF 8*├Ж┬┤* ┬Р~z┬ЫDb+ ┬И4b~{┬ХD ┬Ч├Й1 ┬ЬE ┬Ъb┬ЖD* ┬в┬Х< bK 0bg┬МF* ├ИC&* ib┬Ю/*┬б+ bK ┬Шm0 ├ДC&* fJ4b┬й ]/H ┬Э(* ├БbjD* ┬Р+b┬АD* bE&* ,├Мc┬ТD*H ,2]┬Жg┬┤* fJ4bmgD* e*┬б+&┬░* fJ]┬ХcD* 4*2 ┬ЦjE fEb< i%b~{┬ЫE H&* ┬Оx┬ЙD* ,2]┬ЖgE f┬г┬Ы┬Т~6 bK ┬П┬П~7 ┬е┬бp┬гA (A1) 8b┬│*H ┬Ъb┬ЖD* ┬ЬJ$b~┬ж┬МD* ├Н+ bE ┬Ц~|┬МD* ═Ш╚Ы f┬П┬А┬ЫE ┬п 2b0 ┬Ц┬Т~{+ 8b┬│*H ┬Ъb┬ЖD* ┬ЬJ$b~┬ж┬МD* ├Н+ yJb┬ШgD* x┬Ю┬ГJ ├Дg<* bEH 8b┬│* ├Н+ q~9*┬бD* ┬Ц~|┬МD* k┬г0 fJ4bmgD* fc~|┬ПD* ├НD┬бmg┬┤* f<bcD* ┬Ц┬Ш~{- ├М~6 fCx0 I┬б0 ┬еwD* ┬И4b~{D* ┬Ъx0 ┬Ф*w┬Ы┬г0 ,4Hbm┬┤* ┬Р:b┬Ы┬┤*H Ix┬ПD* ┬ЬE ┬ЬJx)*yD* ┬ЬE ┬ЩG├М=H ┬ЬJ├Ж~{┬┤*H ┬Ъb┬ЖD* ├Н+ ┬Ц~|┬МD* b┬Ю+ ┬ЬJbc- ┬дgD* ibc┬гC├ЖD*H i┬░b┬▓* 2]┬Жg-H ├Нg┬гDbgD* ├НgDb┬▓b+ b┬Ю~|┬гs┬Х- ┬Ь┬Т├В ┬Ь┬ТDH 8b┬│*H

f┬г/4]┬Ы┬ТD* ┬И4b~7 ┬дA ┬а2*]gE*H ┬ЪHxD* xJ2 ┬И4b~7 fJ4bmgD* fc~|┬ПD* ,x┬П~{D* ┬И4b~7H fJ]┬ХcD* ┬И4b~7 ┬вD(* fJ4bmgD* fc~|┬ПD* 2*]gE* bAbJ ┬И4b~7H ,4b┬Ы┬ШD* ┬аbm-b+ fJ4bmgD* fc~|┬ПD* 2*]gE* fJ4bm- ┬дFbcE ┬Ъb< ├С* ┬Ъ*4 ┬дA ┬дsJ4bgD* yCx┬ШD* o4b1H ┬Ц1*2 ┬е4bmgD* ┬Вb~{┬ЫD* ┬дFbcEH ┬Р:b┬ЫE q~9┬б- f:4b1 ┬ЪHxD* xJ2 ┬И4b~7 fJ4bmgD* fc~|┬ПD* ┬дG f┬П~8├ЙgE fJ4bm- ┬И4*┬б~7 f┬Ж+4&* f:4bsD* x┬Ю┬Г- ╧н╧╡╧п╧м ┬И4b~7 ,x┬П~{D* ┬И4b~7 ┬аbm-b+ f┬ШJ]┬ПD* ,]┬ХcD* ┬Ц1]EH fJ]┬ХcD* ┬И4b~7 f┬г/4]┬Ы┬ТD* ┬С┬б~zD ┬а2*]gE*H n┬г~z┬ЫD* ┬Ц1*2 ,2x┬М┬ЫE fJ4bm- i├Йp┬ШD fAb~9(┬░b+ *wG ,4b┬Ы┬ШD* ┬вg0 z┬г)xD* ┬И4b~{D*H ┬Ц┬Ю~zD*

71 тАл╪зя╗Яя║Шя║╕я╗Ья╗┤я╗Ю ╪зя╗Яя╗Фя║о╪зя╗Пя╗▓ "╪зя╗Яя╗дя╗о╪▒я╗Уя╗оя╗Яя╗оя║Яя╗▓" я╗Яя╗ая╗ия║┤я╗┤я║Ю ╪зя╗Яя╗дя╗Мя╗дя║О╪▒┘К я╗Яя╗ая╗дя║оя╗Ыя║░ ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓тАм

┬ЪbE* fJ4bmgD* fc~|┬ПD* ┬Э*x┬Ю┬Г- x~{< ┬З~6bgD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ibJb┬ЮF ┬ЬE ┬Ь┬г-4┬б~8 f┬Х+b┬П┬ШD* fp┬М~|D* ┬Ь┬г┬А~z┬ХA ┬ЗB┬бE 4]~|┬ШD* 6*x<&┬░* f~8b1H ┬Ъb┬ЖD* ┬Л*x┬МD* ┬дA ┬Вb~{┬ЫD* f┬Ж┬гc: ┬Э*x┬Ю┬Г- ┬ЪHxD* f┬г~z┬ЫC ┬дFHxg┬ТD┬░* ,xC*wD* ┬дA

k┬г0 ┬ЪHxD* xJ2 ┬И4b~7 fc~|┬ПD* f┬П┬А┬ЫE ┬п ┬╖H&┬░* ├Б]┬┤* ┬Б┬Ш┬ЫD* ┬╢(* ┬Ч┬б1]D* ┬ЩgJ b┬Ш┬Ы┬г+ ,x~7bcE ┬И4b~{D* ┬в┬Х< fJ4bmgD* i├Йp┬┤* qg┬М ┬е┬б┬л b┬ШC ┬И4b~{D* ┬в┬Х< f┬Х┬АE ib+*┬б+ ├Д< b┬Ю┬М┬Х1 f┬г┬Ы┬Т~zD* 7*┬б0&┬░* ibF┬б┬Т┬Х+H 7┬б┬▓* ┬Ц1*2 ┬ЬE b┬Ю┬гD(* ┬Ч┬б~8┬бD* ┬ЩgJ ib┬г┬Х< ┬в┬Х< b┬Ю┬Ш┬Г┬ЖE ┬Э&* ┬аxC3 xJ]┬▒* ┬ЬE o4b┬│* ┬бpF bK 0bg┬МF* f┬Х┬Т~{E ┬И4b~{D* ┬в┬Х< ┬Ц┬А nE]D* ┬ЬE b┬Ю~z┬МF ib┬М~|D* ┬Ц┬Ш0 ,x┬П~{D* ┬И4b~7 ┬п ┬е4bmgD* ┬Вb~{┬ЫD* ┬РcJyD* f┬г┬Х< ┬п x┬Ю┬ГJ ┬еwD* fJ4b┬й ├НCbC2H f┬г┬Ы┬Т~6 7*┬б0&* ├Н+ b┬Ш┬ЮD┬б0 bEH ╧│ ┬РcJyD* 7┬б0H ╧н╧╡

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fc~|┬ПD ┬Б┬г~z+ o3┬б┬┐ ┬в┬Х< ├С* ┬Ъ*4 ┬п ┬дsJ4bgD* n┬г~z┬ЫD* ┬е┬бgpJ ┬ж┬Ж+ ┬Я┬Х┬ХsgJ ]┬г0H ┬╖┬б: 4┬б┬╣ ┬Ч┬б0 fJ4b┬й f┬А~{F&* ┬е┬б┬л fJ4b┬й ┬д┬Х┬й xJ2 ┬ЪbE&* 4b┬┤* ┬И4b~{D* ├Дg┬ЖJH f┬А┬г~zcD* fJ2┬б┬Ш┬ЖD* ib<x┬МgD* ┬Э&* ]┬Пg┬ЖJH fJ4bmgD* fc~|┬ПD* 4┬б┬╣ zC3┬б.4&┬░* ┬ЪHx┬ХD exD* bJ2┬б┬Ш< bE(*H b┬г┬ПA&* bE(* ┬Ъ*]sg~6┬░* ,2]┬ЖgE M┬Эbc┬з hFbC ibJ*]cD* ┬бpF bK Bx~7 i]gE* ┬Щ. x~{< ┬З~6bgD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ibJb┬ЮF ┬п f~z┬г┬Ы┬ТD* ┬ЪbE&* ┬Щ. ┬ЬEH ┬Ц┬г┬Х┬│* ┬Ъb┬ПE ┬аb┬йb+ bK +x=H f┬г/4]┬Ы┬ТD* ┬С┬б~z+ ┬Э%┬░* ┬Оx┬ЖJ bE f├В]┬ПD* ,]┬ХcD* ┬Ц1*2 bK +x= ┬УD3 ┬ЬEH fJ]┬ХcD* ┬И4b~7 ┬Ч┬б: ┬в┬Х< bK +┬б┬Ы/ ┬Ц┬Ш~7 b┬ШC ┬ЬJx~{┬ЖD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ibJ*]+ ┬п ,x┬П~{D* ,4b0 ibJb┬ЮF ┬вg0 ┬п ┬УD3 ]┬Ж+ h┬┐ ┬дgD* 4Hbp┬┤* ┬У┬Х- ┬Ч┬б: ┬в┬Х< f┬г<x┬МD* i*x┬Ш┬┤* ┬УD3 ,4b┬Ы┬┤* ┬бpFH ┬Ц┬Ю~zD* ┬И4b~7 ┬п f~8bs+H fAbC ibGb┬й┬░* ┬д=*x┬МD* d┬гC├ЖD* ═Ш╚Ц f┬г/4]┬Ы┬ТD* ┬И4b~7 2*]gE*H ┬ЪHxD* xJ2 ┬И4b~7 f┬гsJ4bgD* fc~|┬ПD* ┬Э┬б┬Тg- f┬г~z┬г)4 fc~|B 5Hx+ ┬бG f┬П┬А┬Ы┬┤* ┬аw┬ЮD f┬г=*x┬МD* f┬г┬ЫcD* y┬г├В bE ┬бGH f┬П+b~zD* f┬г┬Ы┬Т~zD* 7*┬б0&┬░* ┬Ь< ┬Н┬ХgsJ y┬г┬╗ 8*├ЖE n┬г~zF ┬ЬE M r┬б~9┬б+ ├Бbc┬┤* ┬Р~8├Йg- ┬╖┬б┬АD* ┬е4bmgD* ├Б*x┬Ш┬ЖD* ┬Б┬Ш┬ЫD* fJ*]+ b┬Ю┬М┬Х1 ┬дgD* 7*┬б0&┬░* H&* b┬Ю-├Й┬╣ ┬Ц1*]E qg┬М-H ┬╖┬б: 4┬б┬╣ ┬в┬Х< ,]0*H fJ4b┬Ш┬ЖE f┬Ю/*H ┬Ц┬Т~{- k┬гp+ ┬И4b~{D* ┬Ъx0 ┬в┬Х< ,x~7bcE ┬Вb┬┐&* ┬Н┬Хgs- ┬И4b~{D* ┬Ч┬б: ┬в┬Х< i*5Hx+ H&* ┬Иb┬А┬ПF* ┬ЭH2 ,]g┬╗ ├Б*x┬Ш┬ЖD* n┬г~z┬ЫDb+ b┬ЮgB├Й<H ┬Ъ*]sg~6┬░* ,2]┬Жg┬┤*H fJ4bmgD* ├Бbc┬┤* ┬ЬE ┬Вb┬┐&┬░* o4]g- k┬гp+ b┬Ю┬М)b;HH b┬Ю)b~{F(* ,├ЖA d~z0 ┬е]┬г┬Х┬ПgD* 7*┬б0&b+ f┬Ж┬Ш┬╕ M┬ЭbcE ┬╢(* b┬Ю~┬ж┬Ж+ f~8*├ЖE f┬А┬г~z+ fJ4b┬й i├Й┬╣ ┬п fJ4b┬й i├Йp┬з ┬Ъ*]sg~6┬░* ,2]┬ЖgE M┬ЭbcE H&* ib┬г┬Х<H f┬г┬М┬Х1 f┬П┬Х┬ЖE ibF┬б┬Т┬Х+H f┬г/4b1 o*42&* i*3 f┬г┬Ы┬Т~6 ib┬г┬Х┬Ж+H ┬д~94&┬░* ┬Р+b┬АD* f┬г=*x┬МD* f┬г┬ЫcD* i4┬б┬А- ├Н-├ЙD* xJ2 i├Й┬╣H fJ]┬ХcD* ┬И4b~7 9x┬Ж+ kJ]┬▓* ┬д┬ЫJ]┬┤* ┬Б┬Ш┬ЫD* z┬Т┬Ж┬гD ┬Р+b~zD* ┬Б┬Ш┬ЫD* ┬Ь< ┬И4b~{┬ХD тАл╪пя╗Яя╗┤я╗Ю ╪зя╗Яя║дя╗Фя║О╪╕ я╗Ля╗ая╗░ ╪зя╗Яя╗дя║оя╗Ыя║░ ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓ я╗Уя╗▓ ╪▒╪з┘Е ╪зтАм

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bK ┬гc~zF ,├МcC ┬Ъbm0&*H ┬Оx= 2]<H $b~{F(* d┬гDb~6&*H fJ4b┬Ш┬ЖE

e*]gF┬░* ,xgA ┬ЬE ,2x┬М┬ЫE f┬гsJ4b- ┬дFbcE 8*xg┬ШD* n┬г~z┬ЫD* ┬Ц1*2 f┬гsJ4b- ┬дFbcE 8*xg┬ШD* n┬г~z┬ЫD* 2H]0

┬п ├С* ┬Ъ*4 ┬п bG├М=H f┬г┬ЫJ]D*H f┬г┬Ш┬г┬Х┬ЖgD* ib~z~6'┬б┬┤* h┬Ш┬Ю~6&* ]BH ┬Вb┬┐&b+ ,2x┬М┬Ы┬┤* f┬гsJ4bgD* fEb┬ЖD* ├Бbc┬┤* ┬ЬE ,]J]/ f┬Пc: ┬Чb12(* $b┬ЫcD* b┬г/┬бD┬б┬Ы┬Т-H ┬Ц┬г~8b┬М-H 5x: ┬в┬Х< ┬Ъb< ┬Ц┬Т~{+ ix.&* ,]JxA ┬░ ┬╖b┬▓* kpcD* ┬Чb┬╕ ┬Э&* ┬ЬE ┬Щ=xD* ┬в┬Х<H bK ┬П0┬░ ,2x┬М┬Ы┬┤* ├Бbc┬Ш┬ХD ┬ЬE ├Бbc┬┤* ┬аwG f┬г┬ШG&b+ ┬ЯJ┬б┬ЫgD* dmJ ┬ЯF(bA fEb┬ЖD* ├Бbc┬┤* ┬аwG ┬Ц┬Ш~{J ┬дsJ4bgD* 4┬б┬АgD* f~6*42 ]┬Ы< fEb<H f~8b1 64*]EH f┬М┬Хg┬║ z)b┬ЫC ib0b~zE hc┬Х┬А- f┬М┬Хg┬║ ┬Н)b;H h┬Х┬Ш~7 3(* f┬ЫJ]┬┤* ┬п ┬е4b┬Ш┬Ж┬┤* ├М┬Й- ┬п h┬Ш┬Ю~6&*H d<├ЙEH ┬Р)*]0 ┬ЬE f~|~|sgEH ,]J]/ f0┬бg┬МE f_~7b┬ЫD* f┬ЫJ]┬Ш┬ХD ┬д/┬бD┬бA4┬б┬┤* ┬Ц┬г┬Т~{gD*

┬д┬Ы┬гCb┬Т~zD* ┬Ц┬г┬Х1 yCxE r├Й~8 ┬Ц┬г┬Х1 4*2H ╧н╧╡╧о╧▓ $*x┬Ш┬▓* x~|B ┬УD3 ┬в┬Х< ┬ЧbjE ]┬г~74 4*2H ╧н╧╡╧о╧о 6]┬ПD* f┬ГAb┬╣ ┬аb┬гE fp┬Х~|E ┬е]┬ЫAx~|D* 4*2H ╧н╧╡╧о╧▓

4*2 ┬Я-┬бA 4*2H ╧н╧╡╧о╧┤ ┬Н┬Х1 ├ГxC 4*2H ╧н╧╡╧о╧▓ rxA ┬╡b~6 4*2H ╧н╧╡╧о╧▓ ┬Э*├Д/ (╧о╧м╧м╧о ,4b~{+H fc┬Ж┬▒* ╧н╧╡╧о╧о ┬╡b~6 x+b/ 4*2H ╧н╧╡╧о╧о l*]0&┬░* fJb<xD ┬ЦE&┬░*

x~{< ┬З~6bgD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ibJb┬ЮF ┬в┬Ы+ ┬еwD*H ib┬Ыc┬ХD 5]Fx┬МD* f~64]E ┬в┬ЫcE ┬в┬Х<&┬░* ┬дA fp┬М~|D* ┬Ь┬г┬ШJ o4b1 ,]┬ХcD* ┬З~6┬бg+ h┬ШGb~6 ┬дgD*H n┬г~z┬ЫD* o4b1 h┬г┬Ы+ ┬дgD* ┬вDH&┬░* ,2x┬М┬Ы┬ШD* ┬дFbc┬ШD* ┬ЬE ┬бGH 64*]E ┬Н┬г~74&* 4]~|┬ШD* xJ]┬П- x~{< ┬З~6bgD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ibJb┬ЮF ┬ЬE ,4┬б~|D* ┬дsJ4bgD* yCx┬ШD* ├С* ┬Ъ*4 5]Fx┬МD* $b┬Ы+ ┬Ч├Й1 ┬ЬE ┬дF*x┬Ш┬ЖD* ┬З~6┬бgD* ,4┬б~|D* x┬Ю┬Г-H ┬дsJ4bgD* yCx┬ШD* f┬П┬А┬Ы┬ШD ┬Ъb< x┬Г┬ЫE ┬Ц┬М~6&┬░* ┬дA 6x┬ЙF┬б┬ТD* fcg┬ТE 4]~|┬ШD* bAbJ ┬И4b~7H f┬ШJ]┬ПD* ,]┬Хc┬ХD ┬д+┬б┬ЫmD* 2*]gE┬░* ┬в┬Х< ,2x┬М┬Ы┬ШD* ┬дFbc┬ШD* ┬Э┬б~z-bE f<┬б┬ШmE ┬ЬJx~{┬ЖD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ib┬г┬Ы┬г.├Й. ┬вg0 ┬дF*x┬Ш┬ЖD* ┬З~6┬бgD* ┬Р:b┬ЫE q~9┬б- f:4b1 f┬Х+b┬П┬ШD* fp┬М~|D* hB┬бD* ┬УD3 ┬вg0 n┬г~z┬ЫD* o4b1 h┬г┬Ы+ ┬дgD* ,2x┬М┬Ы┬ШD* f┬гsJ4bgD* ┬дFbc┬ШD* x┬Ю┬Г-H

73 тАл╪зя╗Яя║Шя║╕я╗Ья╗┤я╗Ю ╪зя╗Яя╗Фя║о╪зя╗Пя╗▓ "╪зя╗Яя╗дя╗о╪▒я╗Уя╗оя╗Яя╗оя║Яя╗▓" я╗Яя╗ая╗ия║┤я╗┤я║Ю ╪зя╗Яя╗дя╗Мя╗дя║О╪▒┘К я╗Яя╗ая╗дя║оя╗Ыя║░ ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓тАм

I┬бg~z┬┤* ┬╢(* 2┬б┬Ж~|┬ХD ,x~7bcE ┬И4b~{D* ┬ЬE o*42&*H ┬Ц1*]E ┬Ч├Й1 N bcE ┬Б┬Ш┬ЫD* *wG ┬Ц┬Ш~7H ┬ЧH&┬░* ┬Н~|g┬ЫE ┬ЬE ┬Ъ*]sg~6┬░* ,2]┬ЖgE ├Б fJ]┬ХcD* ┬И4b~7 2*]gE* ┬Ч┬б: ┬в┬Х< l]0&* i*├ЖAH ┬ЬJx~{┬ЖD* ┬Эx┬ПD* i*]0┬бD* 2]<H ┬Щm┬▓* ┬п ┬О├Йg1* ┬ЗE f/x┬▓* f┬П┬А┬ЫEH ┬е]┬г┬Х┬ПgD* n┬г~z┬ЫD* o4b1 f┬гF]┬┤* i┬б┬гcD* ,2x┬М┬Ы┬┤* i┬б┬гcD* b┬Ю/Hxs+ ┬д/┬бD┬бA4┬б┬┤* d┬гC├ЖD* ]┬г┬Ж~8 ┬в┬Х< ,2x┬М┬Ы┬┤* i┬б┬гcD* iy┬г┬н 7┬б┬▓* ┬Зcg- Ix1&* i┬б┬г+ ┬ЗE b┬ЮBb~|gD* ┬Ъ]<H ┬е]┬г┬Х┬ПgD* n┬г~z┬ЫD* ┬Ь< ┬З┬ПJH f┬Х~|┬М┬ЫE 94&* f┬Ж┬АB ┬в┬Х< $b┬ЫcD* ┬ЩgJ bE ,2b<H ┬Я~z┬МF I2&*H f~8b1 f┬ПJ]0 ┬ЗE b┬ЮA*x:&* ]0&* ┬в┬Х< H&* b┬Ю┬А~6H ┬п ┬в┬Ыc┬┤* fJ]┬г┬Х┬ПgD* i┬б┬гcD* fc┬гCx- ┬Ь< ┬Н┬ХgsJ ]J]/ d┬гCx- ┬╢(* ┬Б┬Ш┬ЫD* *wG ┬О*x:&* ┬в┬Х< x~{< ┬З~6bgD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ┬Н~|g┬ЫE ]┬Ж+ h┬г┬Ы+ ┬дgD* f┬А┬г~zcD* i┬б┬гcD* ┬аw┬ЮcA ,]J]/ i├Й┬гg┬Т-H 7*┬б0&* ,*┬бF h┬Х┬Т~7 ┬дgD*H ,*┬б┬ЫD* f┬гF*x┬Ш< fJ┬бG f~zCb< f┬М┬Хg┬║ f┬г┬ЫJ]E $b┬г0&* ┬Ц┬Т~{g- i&*]+ ,2x┬М┬Ы┬┤* ┬ЬE ┬ж┬ЖcD* b┬Ю~┬ж┬Ж+ ┬ЗE ├Бbc┬┤* fB├Й< ┬Ч├Й1 ┬ЬE ,]J]/ f┬г<b┬Шg/*H ]B ,2x┬М┬Ы┬┤* f┬гsJ4bgD* ├Бbc┬┤* $b┬Ы+ ┬Э&* h┬М┬Х┬┤* ┬ЬEH yJb┬нH ┬Чb~|┬МF* ib┬г┬ЫJx~{┬ЖD* i*┬б┬Ы~6 ┬Ч├Й1 f~8bs+H f┬г+*]gF┬░* ,├Ж┬МD* ┬Ч├Й1 ┬Нj┬Т ┬аxC3 ┬Щg┬г~6 kJ]┬▓* ┬еx~┬ж┬▓* ┬Б┬г┬АsgD* ┬ЗE ┬б┬Ш┬ЫD* ┬УD3 ┬ЬE*y-H ┬Л*x┬МD*H 2x┬М┬Ы┬┤* $b┬ЫcD* ├МJb┬Ж┬┤ z┬гJb┬П┬┤* ┬З~9HH ]0H Q ┬еwD* bK ┬П0┬░ ┬И4*┬б~{D*H ┬Ъb┬ЖD* ┬Я-*xJ┬б┬лH ┬Э*┬б┬г┬ХD* h┬г+ ┬Б┬┐ f┬Х┬Пg~z┬┤* ├Бbc┬┤* ┬аwG ┬Щ┬Г┬ЖE h┬Жc-* 2b┬Жg+┬░* fJ*]+ i├Дg<*H ,]< ┬Р+*┬б: H&* ]0*H ┬Р+b┬А+ *K ]┬г┬П┬Ж- ├ИC&┬░* f┬г┬Х┬Ш< ┬п ┬д~6]┬Ы┬ЮD* ┬Щ┬г┬Ш~|gD* ┬Ч┬б12H fJ]┬г┬Х┬ПgD* f┬гc┬Ж~{D* ,4b┬Ш┬ЖD* ┬Ь< f┬г/┬бD┬б┬Ы┬Т-H f┬гDb┬Ш/H f┬г~6]┬ЫG ├МJb┬ЖE ┬ЗcgJ h┬гcD* qc~8&* k┬гp+ $b┬ЫcD* ┬У┬Х- y┬г┬Шg-H x~9b┬▓* b┬ЫgBH ┬вg0 hB┬бD* ┬УD3 w┬ЫE bK _┬г~{A bK _┬г~7 ┬О4b15H xm0 ┬С2 ┬ЬE f┬П┬гB]D* fJ4b┬Ш┬Ж┬┤* ┬Ц┬г~8b┬МgDb+ bGb┬Ы┬Й+ i┬б┬гcD* тАл╪пя╗Яя╗┤я╗Ю ╪зя╗Яя║дя╗Фя║О╪╕ я╗Ля╗ая╗░ ╪зя╗Яя╗дя║оя╗Ыя║░ ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓ я╗Уя╗▓ ╪▒╪з┘Е ╪зтАм

╧│╧о

1939 Ͳ ϭϵϯϬ f~6*4]D* f EH ¤sJ4bgD* yCx D f£ £ « )*x1 f<¡ ¸

4*¡~{D*H fB5&°bC b D* *x Db+ b gBÉ<H )*]0H fJHb ~6 ib0b~6H 7*¡0* E f p D* ib=*x D*H ¤Fbc D ¤=*x D* £ ~{gD* 8*xg D* n£~z D* o4b1H 1*2 x£C*¡0 ¡ 0 )*]0 f~8b1 f0b~6 f=4bA 94&* B 7*¡0&* d<ÉE

75 ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ اﻟﻔﺮاﻏﻲ "اﻟﻤﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ" ﻟﻠﻨﺴﻴﺞ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ‬

8*xgD* o4b1H 1*2 f£sJ4bgD* ¤Fbc D ¤=*x D* £ ~{gD*

¤sJ4bgD* yCx D* f~6*4]D* f E 2H]0 8*xgD* f E 2H]0 f£sJ4b- ¤FbcE b D* *x D* 4*¡~{D*H fB5&°*

ib J5¡gD* x - b C ¦ cD* b ~¦ + < b D* *x D* b ~| J ¤gD*H f~8*xg D* ib<¡ m D* 1*2 ib £~z gD*H ¤=*x D* J5¡gD* 8*xgD* f E o4b1 ¤~9*4&°* B ~7H ¤sJ4bgD* yCx D* f~6*4]D* f E 2H]0 8*xgD* f E 2H]0 b D* *x D* 4*¡~{D*H fB5&°* ¤~9*4&°* B f~8bsD* i*]0¡D*

Meters 100

8*xg D* n£~z D* o4b1H 1*2 4*¡~{D*H fB5°* b D* *x D* £ ~{-

¤sJ4bgD* yCx D* f~6*4]D* f E 2H]0 8*xgD* f E 2H]0 b D* *x D* 4*¡~{D*H fB5&°*

‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا‬

8*├ЖD* o4b1H ┬Ц1*2 ┬дsJ4bgD* n┬г~z┬ЫD* ┬ЬE ,4bg┬║ ┬Р:b┬Ы┬┤ ┬д=*x┬МD* ┬Ц┬г┬Т~{gD* ┬Ц~|┬М- 8*├ЖD* o4b1H ┬Ц1*2 i├Й┬г┬Т~{- ,]< ┬Ц┬Ш~{-H b0bg┬МF* ,x~7bcE ├Бbc┬┤* bG]┬л ┬░ ibBx: bFb┬г0&*H fB5&* bFb┬г0&* i├Й┬г┬Т~{gD* ┬Л*x┬МD* fc~zF b┬Ю┬гA d┬Х┬Й- ┬Р)*]p+ ,2x┬М┬ЫE ├БbcE f┬П┬А┬Ы┬┤* ┬е┬б┬л b┬ШC ┬╢H┬░* f┬П┬А┬Ы┬┤* z┬Т┬Ж+ ┬д┬Ыc┬┤* ┬Л*x┬МD* ┬в┬Х< r┬бg┬М┬┤* ├ИC&* i├Й┬г┬Т~{g+ ┬Ь┬ТDH bK ┬г┬Ж┬гc: *K 2*]gE* ├Дg┬Ж-H fjDbjD* f┬П┬А┬Ы┬┤* bK Fb┬г0* bK 0bg┬МF* ├ИC&*H ┬д~z┬г)4 ┬еyCxE 4┬б┬╣ ┬Ч┬б0 bEb┬ГgF*

┬Ъb┬ГgFb+ y┬г┬Шg-H bK ┬Шm0 x┬Й~8&* i├Й┬г┬Т~{- ┬е┬б┬лH f┬Ж+*xD* f┬П┬А┬Ы┬┤* ┬ЦcB n┬г~z┬ЫD* ┬О*x:&* i├Йg┬Т- ┬в┬Х< ┬░K bjE ├Дg┬Ж- k┬гp+ ├ИC&* rbg┬МF*H f┬г/4b┬│* ┬а2H]0

i*]0H ┬ЬE ┬Ц┬Т~{g-H 8*├ЖD* f┬П┬А┬ЫE o4b1 ┬дGH f~zEb┬│* f┬П┬А┬Ы┬┤* ├ИC&┬░* ┬Ц┬г┬Т~{gD* ┬Цj┬ШgA ,2x┬М┬ЫE i┬б┬г+ ┬ЬE f┬Х┬Пg~zE ┬Яc~7H f┬Х┬Пg~zE y┬г┬Шg- f┬г┬Ыc┬┤* ib=*x┬МD*H ib0b~z┬┤* k┬г0 ┬ЬE fAbjC ┬ЦB&┬░*H bK 0bg┬МF* k┬гp+ ┬И4b~{Db+ ├Бbc┬┤* fB├Й<H ├Бbc┬┤* ├Н+ bE ,y┬г┬╗ ibB├Й┬Ж+ f┬П┬А┬Ы┬┤* ibpg┬МD* ┬Ч├Й1 ┬ЬE ┬Ц~8*┬бg┬ХD Kb┬Ш┬ЮE K*x~|┬Ы< ┬в┬Ыc┬┤* f┬Ю/*H qc~|-

┬дsJ4bgD* ┬е4bmgD* ┬Вb~{┬ЫD* ┬Р:b┬ЫE ┬е┬б┬л ┬дgD*H f~62b~zD* f┬П┬А┬Ы┬┤* ┬ЬE ,y┬г┬╗ f┬П┬А┬Ы┬┤* ├Дg┬Ж- 8*├ЖD*H ┬дsJ4bgD* yCx┬┤* ┬Ц1*2H ┬Ч┬б0 ┬Ц┬г┬Т~{g+ y┬г┬Шg-H 8b┬│*H ┬Ъb┬ЖD* ┬Л*x┬МD* ├Н+ q~9*┬бD* ┬Ц~|┬МD* k┬г0 ┬И4b~{D* ┬в┬Х< x~7bcE ┬Чb~|-b+ ┬е4bmgD* ┬Вb~{┬ЫD* ┬е┬бpJ ┬╖┬б: 8*├ЖE ┬Ч├Й1 ┬ЬE bE(* ┬И4b~{D* ┬в┬Х< x~7bcE ├М= ┬Чb~|-b+ ┬д┬Ы┬Т~zD* ┬Вb~{┬ЫD*H o*42&* ┬Ч├Й1 ┬ЬE H&* f┬г<xA fB5&* H&* f~8b1 ib0b~6 ┬╢(* ┬д~┬ж┬М- ┬Ц1*]E b┬г┬Х┬ЖD* ┬Р+*┬б┬АD* ┬п ┬д┬Ы┬Т~zD* ┬Вb~{┬ЫD* ┬Э┬бC ┬Чb0 ┬п o42 i┬б┬г+H

3 77 тАл╪зя╗Яя║Шя║╕я╗Ья╗┤я╗Ю ╪зя╗Яя╗Фя║о╪зя╗Пя╗▓ "╪зя╗Яя╗дя╗о╪▒я╗Уя╗оя╗Яя╗оя║Яя╗▓" я╗Яя╗ая╗ия║┤я╗┤я║Ю ╪зя╗Яя╗дя╗Мя╗дя║О╪▒┘К я╗Яя╗ая╗дя║оя╗Ыя║░ ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓тАм

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├Бbc┬┤* ┬Ц~|┬М-H b@@ ┬Ю┬Ы┬г+ bE ┬И4*┬б~{D*H f@@ J]┬ХcD* ┬И4b~7H ,├М@@ ┬АD* ┬╢(* ┬дsJ4bgD* ├Б*x┬Ш┬ЖD* n┬г~z┬ЫD* b┬Ю┬гA fjJ]┬▓* f┬гD┬б┬АD* fJ4bmgD* ┬Щ┬ЮA f┬П┬А┬Ы┬┤* ┬аw┬ЮD ┬Э┬б┬г~6b~6&┬░* ┬Э┬б@@ E]sg~z┬┤* bE&* ,]< ┬Р:b┬ЫE f├В]┬ПD* ,]┬ХcD* ┬Эb┬Т~6 ┬ЬE ├ДC&* f/4]+ bG4*H5H f┬ЫJ]┬┤* ┬Эb┬Т~6 ,]< ┬Р:b┬ЫE ┬в┬Х< ┬И5┬бEH ┬У┬Т┬МE ┬дsJ4b- n┬г~zF ┬Г ┬ЗEb┬▒* ex= ┬дsJ4bgD* yCx┬Ш┬ХD f┬г+x┬ЙD* f┬г+┬б┬Ы┬▒* f@@ ┬П┬А┬Ы┬┤* ═Ш╚Ц ┬Вb~{F b┬ЮDy┬ЖJ ┬дgD* bK ┬гc~zF ┬У~6b┬ШgE n┬г~z┬Ы+ ┬ЯD┬б0H ┬еx┬Ш┬ЖD* f┬гDb┬Ш~{D*H f┬гBx~{D* f┬Ю┬▒* ┬Ч┬б: ┬в┬Х< ┬╖┬б: ┬е4b┬й 2*]gE* ┬Чb@@ ┬Ш~7 f┬гBx~{D* f@@ ┬П┬А┬Ы┬┤* ┬п bK ┬Т@@ ~6b┬н ┬Ц@@ B*& n@@ ┬г~zF ═Ш╚Ы hD┬б┬л k┬г0 ,xJ]┬ПD*H 2*┬б@@ < ┬д-4b0 ┬п ┬д~z┬г)xD* ┬И4b@@ ~{D* f┬гsJ4b- M┬ЭbcEH 7*┬б0&* ┬ЬE fDy┬Ж┬ЫE 4y/ ┬╢(*

x~zpF* ]B fB5&*H 7*┬б0&*H M┬ЭbcE ┬ЬE ┬дsJ4bgD* n┬г~z┬ЫD* ┬Э&* ┬Ц┬г┬ХpgD* x┬Ю┬ГJ b┬Ю┬Х┬╣ h┬Х0H ┬╖b┬Ш~{D*H ┬дBx~{D* ┬Я┬г┬Ш~zB ┬п f~8bs+H ├МcC ┬Ц┬Т~{+ ┬Ц┬г┬Т~{gD* ├Дg┬ЖJH ┬дsJ4bgD* ┬Ц┬г┬Т~{gD*H zFbmg- ┬░ fjJ]0 ib=*xAH M┬ЭbcE ib=*x┬МD*H ├Бbc┬┤*H ┬Р:b┬Ы┬┤* ┬ЬE f<┬б┬Ш┬╕ ┬ЬE bK ┬ЫJbcgE bK mJyE ┬Щ)b┬ПD* ┬Л*x┬МD* fB├Й<H ┬Ъ*]sg~6┬░*H ┬Ц┬г┬Т~{gDb+ yJb┬Шg- ┬дgD* fjJ]┬▓*H f┬гsJ4bgD* 7*┬б0&* ┬ЬE ┬дsJ4bgD* n┬г~z┬ЫD* ┬Э&* ┬Чb┬Ш/(┬░* ┬Ь┬Т├ВH 8b┬│b+ ┬Ъb┬ЖD* ┬О*x:&┬░* ┬в┬Х< fEb< ┬ЭbcEH ,2x┬М┬ЫE ┬ЭbcEH fJ4b┬й fc~|BH f┬г┬Ы┬Т~6 b┬Ю┬ШG&* ┬Н)b;┬бD*H d┬гC├ЖD* ┬п f┬ЫJbcgEH f┬Х~|┬М┬ЫE ┬Р:b┬ЫE ┬╢(* ┬Ч┬б┬л ]B ┬в┬Х< ┬еyCxE ┬Вb@@ ~{F H3 ┬╖┬б: ┬е4b┬й k@@ J]0 ┬е4b┬й n@@ ┬г~zF ┬Г yCx┬┤* ┬Ь@@ E $ymC ,4b@@ ┬Ы┬Ш┬ХD *K 2*]@@ gE* q@@ c~8&* f@@ ┬ЫJ]┬┤* I┬б@@ g~zE f@@ ┬П┬А┬ЫE ┬Ь@@ E ┬Н@@ D'┬бE ┬б@@ GH ,├М@@ cD*H ├С* ┬Ъ*4 f@@ ┬ЫJ]┬┤ ┬е4b@@ mgD* 4Hb┬╣ ┬ЬE b┬ЮD┬б0 bEH bK ┬П+b~6 ┬дsJ4bgD* n┬г~z┬ЫD* yCxE f/x┬▓* ┬И4b~7H rbc~|E ├Н< ┬И4b~7H f┬г/4]┬Ы┬ТD* ┬И4b~7H ┬Ц┬Ю~zD* ┬И4b~{C

b£Db0 ¤@@ sJ4bgD* yCx D f@@ F¡ ´* @@ :b ´* x@@ - f@@ £ £ « f@@ :4b1 fjJ]²* 4*¡~{D*H :b ´*H ¤ cg´* ¤sJ4bgD* n£~z D*

f~6*4]D* f E ¢ < i&*x: ¤gD* i*Ì gD*H ·b²* ~9¡D* ¤sJ4bgD* yCx D* f~6*4]D* f E f£0b~z D* f J] D* ,] cD* f:4b1 f J] D* ,] cD* 9¡0

8*xgD* f E 2H]0 ¤sJ4bgD* n£~z D* ,2x E f£sJ4b- ¤FbcE ¥4bmgD* f J] D* yCxE

,xJ] D* ¤0

f/x²* f E

¤sJ4bgD* yCx D* f~6*4]D* f E

,x ~{D* ,4b0

f£0b~z D* f J] D* ,] cD* f:4b1 f J] D* ,] cD* 9¡0

8*xgD* f E 2H]0 f~6*4]D* f E 1*2 f£sJ4b- ¤FbcE f~6*4]D* f E 1*2 fjJ]0 ¤FbcE f~6*4]D* f E o4b1 ¤FbcE

91 ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ اﻟﻔﺮاﻏﻲ "اﻟﻤﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ" ﻟﻠﻨﺴﻴﺞ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ‬

‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا‬

ϵϬ

ϮϬϭϯ b< f~6*4]D* f ´ f£ £ « )*x1 f<¡ ¸

ib0b~zD*H 4*¡~{D*H fB5°* b D* *x D ¤DbpD* ¤=*x D* £ ~{gD*

f£DbpD* x D* f c~7

93 ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ اﻟﻔﺮاﻏﻲ "اﻟﻤﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ" ﻟﻠﻨﺴﻴﺞ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ‬

8*xgD* 1*2 f D* ¢ < y£Cx- E fjJ]pD*H f£sJ4bgD* ¤Fbc D* ~{JH f~6*4]D* f D ¤DbpD* ¤=*x D* £ ~{gD*

1948 b D* ] + h£ + fjJ]0 ¤FbcE 1948 b D* cB h£ + f )bB f£sJ4b- ¤FbcE

B*¡E $b~{F*H 4*¡~7 qgA E ϮϬϭϯ b D* ¢g0 g£ + ¢ < i&*x: ¤gD* i*x£ gD*H ¤sJ4bgD* b D* *x D* £ ~{- f£ £G 8*xgD* 1*2 f D* ¢ < y£CxgD* E fEb< ib0b~6H

1939ͲϭϵϯϬ b D* ¤sJ4bgD* b D* *x D* £ ~{- f£ £G ϮϬϭϯ b D* ¢g0 b D* *x D* f£ + ¢ < i&*x: ¤gD* i*x£ gD*

h J5* ¤gD* f£sJ4bgD* ¤Fbc D*H b£Db0 f )b D* f£sJ4bgD* ¤Fbc D*

fE] D* f£sJ4bgD* ¤Fbc D* (ϮϬϭϯ) b£Db0 f )b D* f£sJ4bgD* ¤Fbc D*

‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا‬

ϵϮ

┬╖b┬▓* n┬г~z┬Ы┬ХD ┬д=*x┬МD* d┬гC├ЖD* ┬И*┬бF&* ═Ш╧░═Ш╧п

f/x┬▓* f┬П┬А┬ЫE ,*┬б┬ЫD* f┬П┬А┬ЫE

d~z┬Ы+H i*2*]@@ -4* ┬ЭH2 f├В]┬ПD* ,]┬ХcD* ┬Ь@@ E $b┬ЫcD* ┬Б@@ 1 ┬╢(* $b┬ЫcD* fc~zF ┬Ц~|gA @@ 94&┬░* f┬Ж┬АB ┬Щ┬Г┬ЖE ┬в┬Х< $b┬Ы+ ╧░╧м╧м╨╣ @D* ┬С┬б┬М- f┬г┬П+b: fc~zF ┬╢(* fAb~9(* ├ИC&* H&* ╧н╧м╧м╨╣ N b@@ cE fm┬гg┬ЫD* ┬Э┬б┬Т-H @@ 94&┬░* f0b~zE ┬Ь@@ E d~6b┬Ы- ┬░ ├Б ┬в┬Х< ├ЙK )bG bK @ @┬А┬Й~9 fK cc~zE ┬Б@@ ┬гp┬┤* ┬дsJ4bgD* n@@ ┬г~z┬ЫD* fK ~z~6'┬бEH f┬П┬А┬Ы┬┤* ┬Ц1*2 fEb┬ЖD* ┬РA*x┬┤*H f┬гgpgD* f@@ ┬г┬ЫcD* f┬гFb┬Т~6 fAbj┬Т+ f┬П┬А┬ЫE ┬╢(* f┬П┬А┬Ы┬┤* ┬Ч┬бQ pJ ├Б*x┬Ш< ┬Б┬Ш┬ЫD bK ┬г┬А┬г┬Аs- fD┬бc┬ПE ├М= ibE]┬│*H ┬Оx@@ ┬ЙD* ┬ЬE f@@ ┬г)*┬б~{┬ЖD* ib@@ Ab~9(┬░* 4b@@ ~{gF* ┬Г fc┬гCx- ├М┬ЙgD ┬а4H]+ I2&* bE f┬гsJ4b- M┬ЭbcE ┬в┬Х< ┬Р+*┬б┬АD*H qc~8&* k┬гp+ ┬Ъb┬ЖD* ┬Л*x┬МDb+ b┬ЮgB├Й<H 7*┬б0&┬░*H i┬б┬гcD* f┬гsJ4bgD* ├Бbc┬┤* fB├Й<H ┬д┬Х~8&┬░* ┬Ь@@ J┬б┬ТgD* ,$*xB bK c┬Ж~8 ┬Ц1*]┬┤*H ┬Оx@@ ┬ЙD* dc~z+ ┬ж┬ЖcD* b@@ ┬Ю~┬ж┬Жc+ f@@ ┬П~8├Йg┬┤* f.]pg~z┬┤* ibpg┬МD*H

,x┬П~{D* ,4b0

100 Meters

┬И4*┬б~{D* hp~zA&* ]@@ BH ┬е]┬г┬Х┬ПgD* n@@ ┬г~z┬ЫD* f┬г~8┬б~|1H fJ4Hx~9 ├М=H f@@ ┬М┬гjC ibcCxE fCx┬▓ ┬Чb@@ m┬┤* f@@ jJ]┬▓* ┬ЬE f┬Тc~7 i*├М┬г┬ЙgD* ┬аwG ┬Ь< n@@ gFH f┬П┬А┬Ы┬┤* ┬аwG ┬Ц1*2 2b┬Ж+&┬░* f┬Ш┬Гg┬ЫE ├М= ┬И4*┬б~{D* fF┬б┬ТE 7*┬б0&* ┬ЬE ])b~zD* ┬е]@@ ┬г┬Х┬ПgD* ┬Ь┬Т~zD* ┬Б┬┐ ├М┬г┬Й- ┬Г ┬д┬Ы┬Т~zD* ┬Б┬Ш┬ЫD* 4b~{gF* fm┬гgF ┬УD3H f┬А┬г~z+ i*]0H ┬ЬE k┬г0 fp~9*H ├М@@ Jb┬ЖE ┬ЭH2 ┬Р+*┬б┬АD* ,2]@@ ┬ЖgE k@@ J]┬▓* I┬б0 ib@@ ┬Пc: z┬Ш1 ┬╢(* ┬З@@ +4&* ┬Ь@@ E f┬МD'┬бE M┬Эb@@ cE h@@ ┬г┬Ы+ ┬аwG ┬З~┬жs-H o42 h@@ ┬г+H f┬Х~|┬М┬ЫE f┬П~7 b┬Ю┬ЫE ┬Р@@ +b: ┬ЦC ┬ЬE f~8b1 f┬гF*x┬Ш< ├М@@ Jb┬Ж┬┤ f┬гDbj┬┤* ┬ОHx┬ГD* ┬п ├Бb@@ c┬┤* w1'┬б- d~zF ┬дGH f┬г┬П+b┬АD* fc~z┬ЫD*H $b@@ ┬ЫcD* fc~zF k┬г0 IxFH ┬И4b~{D* ┬ЗE fB├Й┬ЖD*H 94&┬░* f@@ 0b~zE ┬ЬE ,2b┬ЖDb+ ├Бbc┬┤* w1&b- k┬гp+ f@@ G┬б~{E fDb0 ,4┬бCw┬┤* f@@ ┬П┬А┬Ы┬┤* ┬п

b@@ ┬Ю┬ШG&* f@@ ┬П┬А┬Ы┬Ш┬ХD ┬Ц@@ Eb┬Тg┬┤* ┬д@@ ┬Х~8&┬░* n@@ ┬г~z┬ЫD* ┬Ь@@ ┬Ш~9 b┬ШC ┬еx┬Ш┬ЖD* ┬З@@ Eb┬▒* ex=H e┬б┬Ы/H ┬Чb@@ ┬Ш~7 @@ 7*┬б0&┬░* ┬З@@ ┬П- ┬д@@ gD* f@@ AbjC ┬Ц@@ B&┬░* @@ 7*┬б0&┬░*H i├Й@@ g┬ТgD* ix@@ .&b ,├Д┬П┬┤* e┬б@@ ┬Ы/ f┬г+x┬ЙD* f@@ ┬П┬А┬Ы┬┤* ┬Ц@@ jE ┬О*x@@ :&┬░* ┬в@@ ┬Х< ib┬г┬Х┬Ш┬Ж+ ,x@@ ┬П~{D* ┬И4b~7 ex=H e┬б@@ ┬Ы/H f┬г~zC3┬б.4&┬░* 7*┬б0&┬░* ┬в@@ ┬Х< f@@ ┬ХEbC f@@ ┬г┬Ы┬Т~6 i*]@@ 0H f@@ Ab~9(*H ┬Ъ]@@ G ┬е4b┬Ш┬Ж┬┤* b┬Ю┬Х┬г┬Т~{-H b┬Ю┬┤b┬ЖE ┬п *K ├М┬г┬Й- f.]┬╣ f┬гsJ4bgD* f@@ ~┬жJx< ┬И4*┬б@@ ~{+ b@@ ┬Ю~┬ж┬Ж+ ┬Ч*]@@ cg~6*H f@@ B5&┬░* 4b@@ ~zpF* ┬Г $*y/&* w@@ ┬г┬М┬Ы- ┬Ъ]@@ < ┬ЬE ┬Щ=xD* ┬в@@ ┬Х<H n@@ ┬г~z┬ЫD* ┬Ц@@ 1*2 f~8bs+H bK ┬П+b~6 h@@ ┬А┬А1 ┬дgD* ┬И4*┬б~{D* ┬аwG ┬ЬE ,├М@@ cC f@@ ~8bs+H q@@ ~9*H b@@ G├М.&b- ┬Э(b@ @A 1961 ┬Б@@ ┬А┬║ ┬п ┬Б┬Ш┬ЫD* ┬Ч┬б@@ 1]+ ,x┬П~{D* ┬И4b@@ ~{D ┬д@@ +┬б┬Ы┬▒* ┬Ц1]┬┤* ]@@ ┬Ы< b┬Ю~┬ж┬Ж+ d~6b┬ЫgJ ┬░ f┬М┬Хg┬║ ib<b┬М-4b+ kJ]┬▓* ┬е4bmgD*

┬Я┬Х1*2 fjJ]┬▓* ├Бbc┬┤*H 8*├Ж┬┤* ┬е]┬г┬Х┬ПgD* n┬г~z┬ЫD* 4w/ ┬ЬE ┬У@@ ~6b┬ШgE $y@@ / $b@@ ┬П+ b@@ ┬ЮD┬б0H ,*┬б@@ ┬ЫD* f@@ ┬П┬А┬ЫE ┬дsJ4bgD* yCx┬┤*

═Ш╚Ц

┬дgD* ┬дsJ4bgD* yCx┬┤* ┬ЬE f┬г+x┬ЙD* f┬г+┬б┬Ы┬▒* f┬П┬А┬Ы┬┤* ┬дGH ┬Н┬Х1 7*┬б0&bC b┬Ю┬Х1*]+ 7*┬б0&┬░* fc┬гCx- ┬в┬Х< h┬ГAb0 ,4b┬Ы~7H ┬РcJyD*H x┬ПF&┬░*H zJx/H ┬е4┬б┬│*H r]┬ЫBH fB5&┬░bC fEb┬ЖD* ib=*x┬МD* ┬ж┬Ж+ ┬╢(* fAb~9(* bG├М=H f┬П┬А┬Ы┬┤* ┬аwG ┬п n┬г~z┬ЫD* ┬в┬Х< ┬Еb┬М┬▓* ┬ЬE ┬Щ=xD* ┬в┬Х<H f┬гDbgD* ebc~6&├ЙD ├МcC ┬Ц┬Т~{+ x.&b- ┬ЯF(bA fm┬гgF b┬ЮD fF┬б┬Т┬┤* f@@ ┬гsJ4bgD* ├Бbc┬┤*H 7*┬б0&┬░* 4b@@ ~zpF* ┬Г 7*┬б0&┬░*H ib0b~zD*H f@@ ┬гsJ4bgD* ├Бbc┬┤* ┬ЬE 2]< ┬Ъ]@@ ┬ЮD b┬Ю-$*xB bK c┬Ж~8 ib+ k┬г0 ├Б*x┬Ш┬ЖD* b┬Юc┬гCx- i├М= ┬дgD*

├Бbc┬┤* ┬ж┬Ж+ ix.&* ]@@ ┬ПA ┬дsJ4bgD* ┬РA&┬░* ┬Б1 4b@@ ~zpF* ┬Г ┬РA&┬░* ┬Б1 ┬в┬Х< f┬П┬А┬Ы┬┤* ┬Ц1*2 ┬Р+*┬б┬АD* ,2]┬ЖgE fjJ]┬▓* f┬ШB ┬Цg┬л ┬дgD* ,*┬б┬ЫD* f┬П┬А┬ЫE ┬Иb┬М-4*H f@@ ┬г~6b~z┬▓ bK ┬гc┬Х~6 f┬г┬Ж┬гc┬АD* f┬ХgD*

┬дsJ4bgD* yCx┬ШD* f~6*4]D* f┬П┬А┬ЫE f┬г0b~z┬ШD* f┬ШJ]┬ПD* ,]┬ХcD* f:4b1 f┬ШJ]┬ПD* ,]┬ХcD* 9┬б0

8*xgD* f┬П┬А┬ЫE 2H]0 ┬дsJ4bgD* n┬г~z┬ЫD* ,2x┬М┬ЫE f┬гsJ4b- ┬дFbcE ┬е4bmgD* f┬ЫJ]┬ШD* yCxE

95 тАл╪зя╗Яя║Шя║╕я╗Ья╗┤я╗Ю ╪зя╗Яя╗Фя║о╪зя╗Пя╗▓ "╪зя╗Яя╗дя╗о╪▒я╗Уя╗оя╗Яя╗оя║Яя╗▓" я╗Яя╗ая╗ия║┤я╗┤я║Ю ╪зя╗Яя╗дя╗Мя╗дя║О╪▒┘К я╗Яя╗ая╗дя║оя╗Ыя║░ ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓тАм

f┬гDbpD* fp┬М~|D* ╧н╧╡╧п╧м ┬Ъb< b┬ЮD┬б0H ,*┬б┬ЫD* f┬П┬А┬ЫE ┬дA ┬З~9┬бD* x┬Ю┬Г- f:4b1 ┬Ь┬г┬ШJ f┬П┬А┬Ы┬ШD* z┬МF ┬в┬Х< i&*x: ┬дgD* i*x┬г┬ЙgD*H ┬дDbpD* ┬З~9┬бD* x┬Ю┬Г- f:4b1 4b~zJ f┬П┬А┬ЫE ┬в┬Х< i&*x: ┬дgD* i*x┬г┬ЙgD*H ┬дDbpD* ┬З~9┬бD* x┬Ю┬Г- 4┬б~8 f<┬б┬ШmE f┬Х+b┬П┬ШD* fp┬М~|D* f┬г)*┬б~{┬ЖD* fjJ]pD* ibAb~9┬░*H fjJ]pD* ┬дFbc┬ШD*H fjJ]pD* ┬И4*┬б~{D* ┬Ц┬Ш~{-H b┬ЮD┬б0H ,*┬б┬ЫD* ┬РA┬░* ┬Б1 4b~zpF*H тАл╪пя╗Яя╗┤я╗Ю ╪зя╗Яя║дя╗Фя║О╪╕ я╗Ля╗ая╗░ ╪зя╗Яя╗дя║оя╗Ыя║░ ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓ я╗Уя╗▓ ╪▒╪з┘Е ╪зтАм

n@@ ┬г~z┬ЫD* f@@ c┬гCx- ├М@@ ┬г┬Й- ┬╢(* I2&* b@@ E ┬Я@@ D┬б0H f@@ ┬гsJ4b 8b┬│b+ ┬Ъb┬ЖD* ┬Л*x┬МD* fB├Й<H 7*┬б0&┬░*H n┬г~z┬ЫD* ┬Ч┬б@@ 0 $*x~┬ж┬│* f@@ 0┬бg┬М┬┤* ib@@ 0b~z┬┤* 4b@@ ~zpF* ┬Г dc~z+ f┬г+x┬ЙD* f┬гDb┬Ш~{D* f┬г0b┬ЫD* ┬ЬE f~8bs+H 8*├Ж┬┤* ┬Р+*┬б┬АD* ,2]┬ЖgE fjJ]┬▓* ├Бbc┬┤*

,xJ]┬ПD* ┬д0

┬Р:b┬ЫE 4┬б┬Ю; ┬╢(* f@@ Ab~9(* ┬дsJ4bgD* y@@ Cx┬Ш┬ХD ┬╖b┬Ш~{D* fB├Й<H n┬г~z┬ЫD* i├М@@ = f┬П┬А┬Ы┬┤* ┬Ц1*2 "┬╖┬б@@ : ┬е4b┬й" ,4Hbm┬┤* ├Бbc┬┤*H ┬Ъb┬ЖD* y┬г┬▓b+ ┬в┬Ыc┬┤* ┬дsJ4bgD* n┬г~z┬ЫD* f┬г┬П+ ┬Ь< f┬гsJ4bgD* f┬П┬А┬Ы┬┤* ┬аwG ┬Чy@@ < ┬Г ┬в┬Х< f~8bs+H b@@ ┬ЮD┬б0 f┬Ж┬М-xE fjJ]0 M┬ЭbcE $b@@ ┬Ы+ dc~z+ I2&* ]BH f@@ /x┬▓* f┬П┬А┬ЫEH ┬д~z┬г)xD* ┬И4b@@ ~{D* 2*]@@ gE* ┬в┬Х< f@@ ┬П┬А┬Ы┬┤* ┬Ц1*2 "┬╖┬б@@ : ┬е4b@@ ┬й" ┬Р@@ :b┬ЫE 4┬б@@ ┬Ю; f┬г┬Ы┬Т~zD* 7*┬б0&┬░* ┬Чy@@ < ┬╢(* fjJ]┬▓* ┬И4*┬б@@ ~{D* 2*]gE* ├Бbc┬┤*H ┬Ъb┬ЖD* y@@ ┬г┬▓b+ ┬в┬Ыc┬┤* fB├Й< ┬п ├М@@ ┬г┬Й-H b@@ ┬Ю┬М┬Х1 ,4Hbm┬┤* f@@ ┬г┬Ы┬Т~zD* ├Бb@@ c┬┤*H f@@ jJ]┬▓* ib@@ Ab~9(├ЙD ┬Н@@ j┬ТE $b@@ ┬Ы+ ┬Г M┬ЭbcEH @@ 7*┬б0&* ┬Ь@@ E ┬д@@ ┬Пcg┬┤* n@@ ┬г~z┬ЫD* ┬Ц@@ 1*2 f@@ jJ]┬▓*

,x@@ J]┬ПD*H 2*┬б@@ < b@@ -4b0 f@@ ┬гBx~{D* f@@ ┬гDb┬Ш~{D* f@@ ┬П┬А┬Ы┬┤* 4y/ ┬╢(* ┬Я┬Т┬Т┬М-H ┬е]┬г┬Х┬ПgD* n┬г~z┬ЫD* 4b~zpF*

═Ш╚Ы

f┬г+x┬ЙD* f┬гsJ4bgD* f┬П┬А┬Ы┬┤* ┬Ь< f┬П┬А┬Ы┬┤* ┬аwG ┬О├Йg1bA ,2x┬М┬Ы┬┤* b┬Ю┬гFbcEH f0┬бg┬М┬┤* f┬гsJ4bgD* b┬Ю-b0b~z┬з f┬г+┬б┬Ы┬▒* ┬Н0yD*H ┬Ъ]┬ЮD* ┬Чb┬Ш<&b+ q┬Ш~6 bK ~8*x- ┬ЦB&┬░* b┬Юm┬г~zFH ┬е4bmgD* ┬Б┬Ш┬ЫD* l*]pg~6*H fjJ]┬▓* ├Бbc┬Ш┬ХD ├Б*x┬Ш┬ЖD* 4b┬Ш<(┬░* ┬Б┬Й~9 dc~z+ f┬гDb┬ЖD* f┬г┬Ы┬Т~zD* ├Бbc┬┤*H ┬╖┬б┬АD* l]0&* ┬еwD* 6H4]┬┤* ├М= ├Б*x┬Ш┬ЖD* ┬Б┬г┬АsgD*H ┬Ц)b┬ЮD* ,*┬б┬ЫD* f┬П┬А┬ЫE ┬п ┬дgD* ┬У┬ХgD f┬Ю+b~{E ┬ЦCb~{E 4*2 ┬И4b~{C *K ├Ж@@ E ╧н╧о 6 bK @ @┬гc~zF f~┬жJx< ┬И4*┬б@@ ~7 $b@@ ~{F(* ┬Г ┬Ъ]GH ┬дBx~{D* ┬╖b@@ ┬Ш~{D* dFb┬▒* ┬С├Ж1* ┬еw@@ D* ┬Н~6┬бJ ]┬▓* ┬Ц┬Х┬л ┬╢(* ┬УDw+ bK J2'┬бE f┬гsJ4bgD* ├Бbc┬┤* ┬ЬE *K 2]@@ <

f/x┬▓* f┬П┬А┬ЫE ,*┬б┬ЫD* f┬П┬А┬ЫE

┬дsJ4bgD* yCx┬ШD* f~6*4]D* f┬П┬А┬ЫE f┬г0b~z┬ШD* f┬ШJ]┬ПD* ,]┬ХcD* f:4b1 f┬ШJ]┬ПD* ,]┬ХcD* 9┬б0

8*xgD* f┬П┬А┬ЫE 2H]0 ┬дsJ4bgD* n┬г~z┬ЫD*

╧н╧╡╧п╧м ┬Ъb< b┬ЮD┬б0H ,xJ]┬ПD* ┬д0 ┬дsJ4bgD* yCx┬ШD* ┬ЬE f┬гBx~{D* f┬П┬А┬Ы┬ШDb+ ┬З~9┬бD* x┬Ю┬Г- f:4b1 ┬Ь┬г┬ШJ ,4┬бCw┬ШD* f┬П┬А┬Ы┬ШD* z┬МF ┬в┬Х< i&*x: ┬дgD* i*x┬г┬ЙgD*H ┬дDbpD* ┬З~9┬бD* x┬Ю┬Г- f:4b1 4b~zJ

,2x┬М┬ЫE f┬гsJ4b- ┬дFbcE ┬е4bmgD* f┬ЫJ]┬ШD* yCxE

97 тАл╪зя╗Яя║Шя║╕я╗Ья╗┤я╗Ю ╪зя╗Яя╗Фя║о╪зя╗Пя╗▓ "╪зя╗Яя╗дя╗о╪▒я╗Уя╗оя╗Яя╗оя║Яя╗▓" я╗Яя╗ая╗ия║┤я╗┤я║Ю ╪зя╗Яя╗дя╗Мя╗дя║О╪▒┘К я╗Яя╗ая╗дя║оя╗Ыя║░ ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓тАм

┬И4*┬б~{D* ┬Ц┬Ш~{-H b┬ЮD┬б0H f┬П┬А┬Ы┬ШD* ┬в┬Х< i&*x: ┬дgD* i*x┬г┬ЙgD*H ┬дDbpD* ┬З~9┬бD* x┬Ю┬Г- 4┬б~8 f<┬б┬ШmE f┬Х+b┬П┬ШD* fp┬М~|D* f┬г)*┬б~{┬ЖD* fjJ]pD* ibAb~9┬░*H ┬РA┬░* ┬Б1 4b~zpF*H f┬Ж┬М-x┬ШD* fjJ]pD* ┬дFbc┬ШD* fjJ]pD* тАл╪пя╗Яя╗┤я╗Ю ╪зя╗Яя║дя╗Фя║О╪╕ я╗Ля╗ая╗░ ╪зя╗Яя╗дя║оя╗Ыя║░ ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓ я╗Уя╗▓ ╪▒╪з┘Е ╪зтАм

f/x┬▓* f┬П┬А┬ЫE rbc~|E ├Н< ┬д<4b~7H ┬д@@ ~z┬г)xD* ┬И4b~{DbC f┬г~z┬г)xD* f@@ Cx┬▓* $b┬г0&* ├Н+ bE f@@ ┬Х~8*┬бD* f┬М┬гj┬ТD* i├Й~8*┬б┬┤* f@@ Cx0 i*3 ┬Ц@@ ┬Ю~zD*H fJ4HxE ibE5&* ┬УDw+ bK cc~zE f┬ЫJ]┬┤* ├НB┬б~zg┬┤*H ,b@@ ~{┬┤* f@@ Cx┬▓ f@@ ┬П┬А┬Ы┬┤* f@@ E$├ЙE ┬Ъ]@@ <H f@@ +┬б┬Ж~8 ┬Г f┬М~84&┬░* @@ 9x< x┬Й~8 x@@ .'┬бJ k┬г0 ib┬Ж:b┬ПgD* ┬в@@ ┬Х< f@@ ~8bs+H ┬╢(* ┬Ч┬б~8┬бD*H ┬С┬б~zgD* f+x┬й ┬в┬Х< bK c┬Х~6 ,b~{┬Ш┬ХD b┬ЮgE$├ЙEH ┬Ъ]<H ┬╢(* ┬УD3 I2&* ]BH Ix1&┬░* ┬Р:b┬Ы┬┤* ┬ЬE bK ┬г~{E ┬дsJ4bgD* y@@ Cx┬┤* bE fJ4bmgD* i├Йp┬Ш┬ХD ┬Ч┬б@@ ~8┬б┬ХD f┬Х┬г~6┬бC ,4b┬г~zD* ┬в┬Х< 2b@@ ┬Шg<┬░* f┬гAb~9(* fJHxE fE5&b+ dc~z f┬г┬Ыc┬┤* ├М@@ = f~8b┬│*H f@@ Eb┬ЖD* ib@@ =*x┬МD* ┬ЬE ]@@ J]┬ЖD* 2┬б@@ /H ┬Г H&* n┬г~z┬Ы┬ХD ┬Ъ]@@ G ib┬г┬Х┬Ш< ┬Ч├Й1 ┬Ь@@ E i&b~{F ┬дgD* f@@ Ax┬Ж┬┤* ├М@@ =H ┬НB*┬бE ┬╢(* ib=*x┬МD* ┬аwG hD┬б┬лH b@@ G├М= H&* ┬И4*┬б~{┬ХD ┬З┬г~6┬б-

┬п fJ4b┬й i├Й@@ ┬╣ f┬П┬А┬Ы┬┤* ┬п f@@ jJ]┬▓* ├Бbc┬┤* ┬Щ@@ ┬Г┬ЖE ┬е┬б@@ ┬л ┬Г fJ┬б┬Х┬ЖD* ┬Р+*┬б┬АD* ┬п bK J4b┬йH bK @ @┬гcg┬ТE bK :b~{FH ┬д~94&┬░* I┬б@@ g~z┬┤* fJ4bmgD* ibc~|┬ПD* ┬п ])b~zD* ┬е4b┬Ш┬Ж┬┤* ┬Б┬Ш┬ЫD* ├М┬г┬Й- ┬╢(* I2&* bE fJ┬б┬Х┬ЖD* ┬Р+*┬б┬АD* ┬п ┬д┬Ы┬Т~zD* ┬Ъ*]sg~6┬░* ┬Ц┬Ш~{- hFbC ┬дgD* b┬Юg┬г┬Х┬Т┬гGH ┬И4*┬б~{D* f┬гc-*x- ┬п r┬б@@ ~9┬бD* ┬Ъ]< ┬ЬE f┬П┬А┬Ы┬┤* ├Бb@@ ┬Ж- ┬Г ┬╢(* ┬УD3 I2&* ]BH b@@ ┬ЮgE]1 I┬бg~zEH ┬д┬Х┬╣ ┬д<xA @@ z┬г)4

┬Ъ]sg~z-H b@@ ┬Ю┬гA x┬М~zD* 4b@@ ~zE ]J]┬л d@@ ┬Ж~|J ┬И4*┬б@@ ~7 f@@ ┬Тc~7 b┬Ю-4]B ┬С┬б@@ ┬М- fAbj┬Т+ fJ]┬г┬Х┬ПgD* f@@ B5&┬░*H ┬И4*┬б@@ ~{D* ┬ЬE ]@@ J]┬ЖD* fJ4Hx┬┤* ibE5&┬░* d┬ЫmgD f┬гAb┬МgD* ┬Сx┬АCH f┬г+b┬Ж┬гg~6┬░* ┬С┬б~zgD* ┬И4*┬б@@ ~7 ├Н@@ + b@@ E f@@ jJ]┬▓* ┬И4*┬б@@ ~{D* ┬Н@@ )b;H ┬Ц@@ 1*]g- ┬Г ]┬Шg┬Ж- i├Й~8*┬бE fCx0 ┬ЬE $┬д┬А+ ┬Б┬Ш┬ЫD obg┬л ┬дgD* ┬е4b@@ mgD* ├НJ*x~7 ├Н+ bEH ,x~7bcE i├Й@@ p┬┤* ┬ЬE ┬С┬б~zgD*H ┬НB┬бgD* ┬в@@ ┬Х<

99 тАл╪зя╗Яя║Шя║╕я╗Ья╗┤я╗Ю ╪зя╗Яя╗Фя║о╪зя╗Пя╗▓ "╪зя╗Яя╗дя╗о╪▒я╗Уя╗оя╗Яя╗оя║Яя╗▓" я╗Яя╗ая╗ия║┤я╗┤я║Ю ╪зя╗Яя╗дя╗Мя╗дя║О╪▒┘К я╗Яя╗ая╗дя║оя╗Ыя║░ ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓тАм

f~8bs+H f/x┬▓* f┬П┬А┬ЫE ┬Я┬гD(* hD%* ┬еwD* ┬д┬А┬г┬АsgD* ┬З~9┬бD* |s┬ХgJ ,]< 4┬бE&* ┬п ┬д+x┬ЖD* ┬У┬ЫcD* ,4b┬Ш< $b~{F(*H ib~8bcD* f┬А┬╣ fD*5(* ]┬Ж+ f┬П┬А┬Ы┬Ш┬ХD f~8b┬│*H fEb┬ЖD* xJ┬б┬АgD* ┬ЗJ4b~{EH ib┬А┬А┬║ w1&b- ┬╡ ┬Г ┬░H 4b@@ cg<┬░* ├Н┬Ж+ ┬д@@ sJ4bgD* ┬д@@ =*x┬МD* ┬Ц@@ ┬г┬Т~{gD* f@@ ┬г~8┬б~|1 ├Н┬Ж+ w1&┬░* b┬┐(* ┬Я-b=*xAH ┬дsJ4bgD* n@@ ┬г~z┬ЫD* ]┬г┬Х┬П- b┬ЫG ]~|┬ПJ ]┬ПA ┬Ц~|┬МD*H ┬Ч├Й@@ 0(┬░* ┬ЬE ┬░K ]@@ + ┬ЦEb┬ТgD*H ┬Ц@@ ~8*┬бgD* 4b@@ cg<┬░* n┬г~z┬ЫD* ┬пx: ├Н+ b@@ E f┬Х~8bA f┬П┬А┬ЫE f/x┬▓* f┬П┬А┬ЫE h@@ pc~8&* n┬г~z┬ЫD* ┬ЧyO┬ЖA b┬ЮD├Й1 ┬ЬE ┬Ц~8*┬б- 4Hb@@ ┬╣ 2┬б/H ┬ЭH2 ┬Я┬гg┬П┬А┬ЫEH ┬╖┬б┬АD* ┬е4bmgD* n┬г~z┬ЫD* ┬ЬE ┬БJx~7 ┬Н┬Х1 b+┬б┬Ы/H bK @ @+x= ┬д┬Пcg┬┤* ┬Ч┬б: ┬в┬Х< ┬╖┬б: ┬е4b┬й ┬БJx~7 $b┬Ы+ ┬оH n┬г~z┬ЫD* ]@@ 0 ┬Ч┬б: ┬в┬Х< ┬д~z┬г)xD* ┬И4b~{D*

bK ~┬жJ&* ┬У@@ D3 I2&* ]BH f@@ ├В]┬ПD* ,]┬Хc┬ХD ┬Р@@ A&┬░* ┬Б1 ┬в@@ ┬Х< f┬г┬ЫcD* ┬ЗE d~6b┬ЫgJ ┬░ ┬Щmp+ f┬гFb┬Т~zD* fAbj┬ТD* 2b@@ J25* ┬╢(* e┬б┬Ы/ ┬УD3 x┬Ю┬ГJH f┬П┬г~┬жD* ┬И4*┬б~{D* f~8bs+H f@@ ┬гgpgD* ┬И4b~7 ┬Б~6HH f@@ ┬гFb┬Шj┬ЖD* f┬Ш┬Тp┬┤* f@@ ┬П┬А┬ЫEH fJ]┬ХcD* ┬И4b@@ ~7 fJ4bmgD* fc~|┬ПD* ┬Ц┬г┬Ж┬М- ┬╢(* xJ┬б┬АgD* *wG Q2P '┬бJ ┬╡H ┬Ц┬Ю~zD* ┬д)y/H ┬Н┬г┬Ж~9 ┬е4b┬й ┬Вb~{┬Ы+H f┬г~{EbG h┬г┬П+H b┬ЮD┬б0H f┬П┬А┬Ы┬ШD* ┬в┬Х< i&*x: ┬дgD* i*x┬г┬ЙgD*H ┬дDbpD* ┬З~9┬бD* x┬Ю┬Г- 4┬б~8 f<┬б┬ШmE f┬г/4]┬Ы┬ТD* ┬С┬б~6 ┬ЬE f┬г┬Пcg┬ШD* f┬гsJ4bgD* ┬дFbc┬ШD* ┬Ь┬г┬ШJ b┬П+b~6 ┬дsJ4bgD* yCx┬ШD* ┬Ц1]E z┬г)xD* ┬И4b~{D*H ┬ЪHxD* xJ2 ┬И4b~7 ┬Ц1]E ┬Б~6H xJ2 ┬Ц+b┬ПE ┬ЪHxD* xJ2 ┬И4b~7 ┬ЬE ┬д+x┬ЙD* ┬Щ~z┬ПD* ┬дA f┬г┬Пcg┬ШD* f┬гsJ4bgD* ┬дFbc┬ШD* 4b~zJ exD* ┬д┬Хm fjJ]pD* ┬Р:b┬Ы┬ШD* x┬Ю┬Г- k┬гp+ f/xpD* f┬П┬А┬Ы┬ШD f┬г┬Х┬г┬Хp- ,4┬б~8 f┬Х+b┬П┬ШD* fp┬М~|D* x┬Ш0┬░* ┬Э┬б┬ХDb+ f┬гsJ4bgD* ┬Р:b┬Ы┬ШD* x┬Ю┬Г- b┬Ш┬Ы┬г+ ┬С45┬░* ┬Э┬б┬ХDb+

┬еwD* ┬ЬJx~{┬ЖD* ┬Эx@@ ┬ПD* ┬Н@@ ~|g┬ЫE w┬ЫE k@@ J]┬▓* $b@@ ┬ЫcD* ┬Г ┬Щ┬Х┬Ж┬┤* ┬И4b@@ ~7H fJ]┬ХcD* ┬И4b@@ ~7 ┬п fJ4bmgD* ├Бb@@ c┬┤* ┬Ц┬Ш~7 ┬Р┬П~7H ┬д@@ ~94&┬░* I┬бg~z┬┤* ┬п f@@ J4b┬й i├Й@@ p┬з zJx/ 7┬б┬▓* H&* f┬г┬Х┬ЖD* h┬Мg1* ]@@ ┬ПA fJ┬б┬Х┬ЖD* ┬Р+*┬б┬А┬ХD f@@ ┬г┬Ы┬Т~6 o4]D* h┬г+H f@@ ┬П~{D* ix┬Ю;H ┬е4bmgD* ┬И4b@@ ~{┬ХD ┬д┬М┬Х┬│* ┬ЭH2 ┬д/4b1 o4]@@ + b┬Ю~┬ж┬Ж+ $b@@ ┬П+ ┬ЗE ,4b┬Ш┬Ж┬ХD @@ 8b┬│* ┬Р┬П~{D* ,2]@@ ┬Жg┬┤* ├М= i├Й@@ p┬┤* ┬п ┬еyCxE o42 h@@ ┬г+ ┬Щ┬Г┬ЖE ┬Э(bA bK ┬гc~zF ├Мc┬ТD* ┬З@@ ~6┬бgD* *wG ┬ЬE ┬Щ=xD* ┬в┬Х<H H&* n┬г~z┬ЫD* ┬п bK @ @J4w/ *K ├М┬г┬Й- ┬Ц┬Т@@ ~{- ┬╡ fAb~┬ж┬┤* ├Бb@@ c┬┤* ┬Я┬гD(* hAb~9&* ┬Ц+ ┬е4bmgD* ┬е]┬г┬Х┬ПgD* $b┬ЫcD* ┬Б┬┐ z┬М┬Ы+ ,├М@@ 1&┬░* ┬Ь@@ Jx~{┬ЖD* i*┬б@@ ┬Ы~zD* ┬п $b@@ ┬ЫcD* ]@@ <b~|- ┬Г I]┬Жg- ├ИC&* i*]0HH ├Д@@ C&* ┬Щmp+ ┬Ь┬ТDH ┬Р+b~zD* ┬Б@@ ┬Ш┬ЫD* bK ┬гc┬Х~6 x.&* bE ,]0*┬бD* f┬Ж┬А┬П┬ХD ┬Р┬П~7 ┬З+4&*H ┬Р+*┬б: f@@ ~z┬Ш1

fJ4bmgD* f┬П┬А┬Ы┬┤*H f@@ J4bmgD* fc~|┬П┬ХD ┬дsJ4bgD* n@@ ┬г~z┬ЫD* f@@ J4bmgD* f@@ c~|┬ПD* f@@ ┬П┬А┬ЫE $b@@ ┬П+ f@@ /x┬▓* f@@ jJ]┬▓* ┬д~z┬г)xD* ┬И4b~{D* q@@ Db~|D ┬д┬М┬г;H {┬г┬Ш┬Ю- ┬ЗE f@@ ┬гsJ4bgD* f/x┬▓* f┬П┬А┬ЫEH

═Ш╚Э

kJ]┬▓* ┬е4bmgD* $b┬ЫcD*H ┬Нj┬Т┬┤* ┬Ъ]┬ЮD* ┬ЬE ┬Щ=xD* ┬в┬Х┬ЖA ┬Э(bA fJ4bmgD* fc~|┬ПD* 2*]gE* ┬в┬Х< f┬М┬Хg┬║ ┬Ц~8b┬МE ┬п ┬е4bmgD* n┬г~z┬ЫD* ┬ЬE fBx┬МgE $*y/&* ┬в┬Х< ┬ДAb0 ┬И4b~{D* f┬г/4]┬Ы┬ТD* ┬И4b~7 ┬ЬE f┬гDb┬Ш~{D* f┬Ю┬▒b+ fJ*]+ ┬дsJ4bgD* Z╧н╧м ┬Р~8├Й┬┤* 7┬б┬▓*H R9 f┬гFb┬Шj┬ЖD* f┬Ш┬Тp┬┤*H zC3┬б.4&┬░* ┬ЪHx┬ХD exD* ┬д┬Х┬й xJ2 ┬ЪbE&* f┬гsJ4bgD* ├Бbc┬┤*H fJ]┬ХcD* ┬И4b~7 2*]gE* ┬в┬Х< ib┬Ю/*┬бD* ┬ж┬Ж+ ┬╢(* fAb~9(* n┬г~z┬ЫD* ┬в┬Х< h┬Х~|0 ┬дgD* i*├М┬г┬ЙgD* |┬гs┬Х- ┬Ь┬Т├ВH ┬╖bgD* ┬п ┬е4bmgD* ┬дsJ4bgD*

f┬Ю/*┬бD* b@@ E&*H fJ4bmgD* ┬Я@@ gFb┬ТE ┬Н┬Ж~9&* b@@ E ,]0*H f┬Ю/ ┬Ь@@ E ┬Я/*┬б- ┬И4b@@ ~{D* ┬Ь< fDHy┬ЖE f@@ J4b┬й i├Й┬╣ ┬е┬б@@ pgA f@@ ┬гDb┬Ш~{D* ┬И4b~7 z┬г~6&bgD f@@ ┬М┬г;┬бD* b@@ ┬ЮC4b~{- ┬░ f┬г┬Ы┬Т~6 f@@ ┬гsJ4b- bK @ @~7*┬б0&* f┬А┬ПF f├В]┬ПD* ,]┬ХcD* d┬ХB qc~8&* ┬УDw+H ┬Ц@@ ┬Шg┬ТE ┬╖┬б: ┬е4b┬й ┬ЬE ew/H ┬Ц~8*┬б- f┬А┬ПF ┬ЬE ┬░K ]+ ┬Я<4*┬б~7H n┬г~z┬ЫD* $b┬г0&┬░ ┬Ц~|A b┬Ю/4b1H ,]┬ХcD* ┬Ц1*2 f/x┬▓* f┬П┬А┬ЫE

,*┬б┬ЫD* f┬П┬А┬ЫE

├М= ┬б┬ЮA ┬д@@ +x┬ЖD* ┬У┬ЫcD* ┬Н@@ ┬Х1 ┬И4b~{DbC i*4b@@ ┬г~z┬ХD f@@ ┬г)*┬б~{< i*4b┬г~6 ┬НB┬бE ├Н@@ + bE ┬У+xE ┬Ц┬Т~{+ ┬Ъ]@@ sg~zJH ┬╡b┬Ж┬┤* q@@ ~9*H ┬И4b~{D* fE5&* ┬ЬE ex@@ ┬Ю┬ШC f┬гAb┬МgD* ├М~6 fCx0 ┬Я┬Х┬Хsg- f@@ ┬П┬А┬Ы┬Ш┬ХD ┬д~z┬г)xD* ,4b┬Ш< f/x┬▓* f┬П┬А┬ЫE yCxE ├Н+ bE fDy<H ┬Ц~8*┬бgD* ┬п ┬Н┬Ж~9 ┬Г ┬еyCx┬┤* ┬в┬Ыc┬┤* *wG ┬Ц┬Т~{JH f┬А┬гp┬┤* ┬Р@@ :b┬Ы┬┤*H ┬д+x┬ЖD* ┬У┬ЫcD* fCxp+ bK :b┬╣ ┬О*x:&┬░*H ┬Б┬гp┬┤* ┬Ь< f┬Х~|┬М┬ЫE f┬г┬М┬г;H ,x@@ Jy/ ┬ЯD┬б0 ,b@@ ~{┬Ш┬ХD ,&b┬г┬ЮE f@@ ┬М~84&* ├М@@ A┬б- ┬ЭH2H f@@ ┬гDb< i├Й@@ ~8*┬бE ex┬ЙD*H ┬Сx~{D* ┬ЬE ,├М~|B ib┬Ю/*H ┬Р┬Х1 ┬╖┬б┬АD* ┬в┬Ыc┬┤* ┬ЬJ┬б┬ТgA ┬И4*┬б~{┬ХD ┬ЬJ4┬б┬╣ ┬ЩG&* ┬ЗE ┬ЦEb┬ТgD*H ┬Ц~8*┬бgD* ┬ЬE ┬УD3 Q]0 k┬гp+ fJ]┬ХcD* ┬И4b~7 ib┬Ю/*HH ┬Ц┬Ю~zD* ┬И4b~7 ib┬Ю/*H b┬ШGH fJ4bmgD* fJ4bmgD* ib@@ ┬Ю/*┬бD* ┬Эb@@ J┬бpJ ┬Э*w┬ХD* ┬Эb@@ ┬гD┬б┬АD* ┬Э*4┬б@@ p┬┤* bE&* bK J4b┬й ┬е3bp┬┤* ┬И4b~{D* q@@ c~|┬гD f┬г+┬б┬Ы┬▒* f┬Ю/*┬бD* h┬П┬Х=&* ]@@ ┬ПA

┬дsJ4bgD* yCx┬ШD* f~6*4]D* f┬П┬А┬ЫE f┬г0b~z┬ШD* f┬ШJ]┬ПD* ,]┬ХcD* f:4b1 f┬ШJ]┬ПD* ,]┬ХcD* 9┬б0

8*xgD* f┬П┬А┬ЫE 2H]0 ┬дsJ4bgD* n┬г~z┬ЫD* ,2x┬М┬ЫE f┬гsJ4b- ┬дFbcE ┬е4bmgD* f┬ЫJ]┬ШD* yCxE

╧н╧м╧н тАл╪зя╗Яя║Шя║╕я╗Ья╗┤я╗Ю ╪зя╗Яя╗Фя║о╪зя╗Пя╗▓ "╪зя╗Яя╗дя╗о╪▒я╗Уя╗оя╗Яя╗оя║Яя╗▓" я╗Яя╗ая╗ия║┤я╗┤я║Ю ╪зя╗Яя╗дя╗Мя╗дя║О╪▒┘К я╗Яя╗ая╗дя║оя╗Ыя║░ ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓тАм

f┬Х+b┬П┬ШD* fp┬М~|D* yCx┬ШD* ┬дA 2*┬б< ,4b0 ┬Ч┬б0 f┬ШJ]┬ПD* ,]┬ХcD* ┬Б~6H ┬дA ┬З~9┬бD* x┬Ю┬Г- f:4b1 ┬Ь┬г┬ШJ ╧н╧╡╧п╧м ┬Ъb< b┬П0┬░ f/xpD* f┬П┬А┬ЫE b┬ЮD┬б0H ┬дsJ4bgD* f┬П┬А┬Ы┬ШD* z┬МF ┬в┬Х< i&*x: ┬дgD* i*x┬г┬ЙgD*H ┬дDbpD* ┬З~9┬бD* x┬Ю┬Г- f:4b1 4b~zJ ,4┬бCw┬ШD* тАл╪пя╗Яя╗┤я╗Ю ╪зя╗Яя║дя╗Фя║О╪╕ я╗Ля╗ая╗░ ╪зя╗Яя╗дя║оя╗Ыя║░ ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓ я╗Уя╗▓ ╪▒╪з┘Е ╪зтАм

╧н╧м╧м

┬дgD* i*x┬г┬ЙgD* x┬Ю┬Г- k┬гp+ 8*xgD* o4b1 ┬дFbc┬Ш┬ХD ┬дDbpD* ┬З~9┬б┬ХD f┬г┬Х┬г┬Хp- f:4b1 ,2x┬М┬ЫE f┬гsJ4b- M┬ЭbcE ┬Ъ]GH f┬М┬ХgsE i┬░b┬Ш┬Жg~6b+ kJ]0 $b┬Ы+ ┬ЬE f┬П┬А┬Ы┬ШD* ┬в┬Х< i&*x: o4b1 f┬гsJ4bgD* ┬дFbc┬Ш┬ХD ┬дDbpD* ┬З~9┬бD* x┬Ю┬Г- 4┬б~8 f<┬б┬ШmE f┬Х+b┬П┬ШD* fp┬М~|D* b┬ЮD┬б0 fjJ]pD* ┬дFbc┬ШD*H ibAb~9┬░*H i*x┬г┬ЙgD* x┬Ю┬Г- k┬гp+ 8*xgD*

8*xgD* f┬П┬А┬ЫE o4b1 f┬гsJ4b- ┬дFbcE ┬Ъb┬ЖD*H ┬Ъ*]sg~6┬░* 2]┬Жg┬ШD*H ┬е4bmgD* ┬Б┬Ш┬ЫD* i*3 fjJ]pD* ibAb~9(┬░*H ┬дFbc┬ШD* ┬д┬Ы┬Т~zD* ┬Б┬Ш┬ЫD* i*3 fjJ]pD* ibAb~9(┬░*H ┬дFbc┬ШD* fEH]┬ЮE f┬гsJ4b- ┬дFbcE ┬дsJ4bgD* yCx┬ШD* f~6*4]D* f┬П┬А┬ЫE 2H]0

n┬г~z┬ЫD* ┬Ч┬б0 ,2x┬М┬Ы┬┤* fjJ]┬▓* ├Бbc┬┤*H ,2x┬М┬Ы┬┤* f┬гsJ4bgD* ├Бbc┬┤* ═Ш╚в ib┬А┬Аs┬Ш┬ХD f<┬б┬Ыg┬┤* ib┬М┬г┬Ы~|gD*H ┬д.*]┬▓* ┬Б┬г┬АsgD* x.&* ┬ЬE *K $]+ ┬е]┬г┬Х┬ПgD* n┬г~z┬ЫDb+ f┬А┬гp┬┤* ┬Р:b┬Ы┬┤* ┬в┬Х< f┬г┬Х┬Т┬г┬ЮD* ┬Р:b┬ЫE ┬ЬE fJHx┬ПD* ,*┬б┬ЫD* 4w┬▒ f┬А┬гp┬┤* ┬Р:b┬Ы┬┤* 4b~zpF* i*4b┬▓* ┬Р:b┬ЫE $b┬Мg1b+ $b┬ЮgF*H i*xm~{EH f┬г<*45 ┬Ц┬г~8b┬╣ f┬Х┬Т~{┬┤* ┬аwG yC├Ж-H ,2x┬М┬ЫE f┬гsJ4b- M┬ЭbcE ┬ЬE fF┬б┬Т┬┤* f┬г┬Ы┬Т~zD* bG4b~|g1* ┬Ь┬Т├В f┬г┬Т┬гEb┬ЫJ2 ┬ЬE ├ИC&*H f┬П┬А┬ЫE ┬ЬE ├ИC&* ┬п ┬╖bgDb+ f┬гsJ4bgD* ├Бbc┬┤* ┬Ч┬б0 2x┬М┬Ы┬┤* kJ]┬▓* ┬д┬Ы┬Т~zD* $b┬ЫcD* 4b~{gF* ┬Г ,2]┬ЖgE M┬Эb@@ cE ┬ЬE ┬Э┬б┬Тg- f@@ ┬М┬Хg┬║ f┬Ж┬гc┬А+ ┬Ь@@ ┬ТDH b┬Ю┬Ы┬г+ b@@ EH ┬Щm┬▓*H f┬М┬г;┬бD* k┬г0 ┬ЬE ┬Н┬Хgs- f┬г┬Ы┬Т~6 i*4b┬Ш< ┬Р┬П~{D* ┬дc┬Х~6 ┬Ц┬Т~{+ x.&* bE f┬гsJ4bgD* ├Бbc┬┤* ┬Ь< ┬е4b┬Ш┬Ж┬┤* ┬Щ┬г┬Ш~|gD*H ┬ЬE ┬Я~z┬МF ┬дsJ4bgD* ┬в┬Ыc┬┤* ┬в┬Х< i┬░b0 ┬пH ┬Ц┬ТC f┬П┬А┬Ы┬┤* ┬в@@ ┬Х< fJ4b┬Ш┬Ж┬┤* x~8b┬Ы┬ЖD* ┬╡b┬ЖE f┬г┬А┬Й-H ┬Сb~|gD┬░* k┬г0 ┬Ъbm0&* i*3 M┬Эbc┬з ┬Р:b┬Ы┬┤* ┬У┬Х- ┬п fJ4bmgD* ┬И4*┬б@@ ~{D* 4b~{gF* ┬Г ┬п ┬УD3 x┬Ю┬ГJH f┬г┬Ы┬Т~zD* ┬Р:b┬Ы┬┤* bK ~┬жJ&* d~6b┬Ы- ┬░ ┬Щ@@ ┬гEb~|-H f┬ХExD* ┬И4b~7H ┬Щ┬гG*x+(* 4*2 ┬И4b~7 x┬Ю;&* f┬Х~|┬МE f~6*42 ┬╢( * obg┬л ┬дgD* fEb┬ЖD* ├Бbc┬Ш┬ХD fc~z┬ЫDb+ ┬Г Q ┬о ┬Ь┬ТDH ,2┬б/┬бE ┬Ч*y- ┬░ ┬Щ@@ ┬Г┬Ж┬┤b+ ├Бbc┬┤* ┬Э&* ├Б*]┬г┬┤* q@@ ~z┬┤* ┬в┬Х< bK ┬гc┬Х~6 x.&* bE b@@ ┬Ю┬ЫE $*y/&* ┬Я┬г┬А┬Й-H b┬ЮD┬б0 fAbj┬Т+ $b@@ ┬ЫcD* ┬п 64*]┬┤* f@@ Db0 ┬п bK ┬г┬Х/ ┬УD3 x@@ ┬Ю┬ГJH b@@ ┬ЮgDb~8&*H b@@ ┬Ю┬ХEb┬Т f┬гsJ4bgD* f┬П┬А┬Ы┬┤*

8*xgD* f┬П┬А┬ЫE 2H]0

╧н╧м╧п тАл╪зя╗Яя║Шя║╕я╗Ья╗┤я╗Ю ╪зя╗Яя╗Фя║о╪зя╗Пя╗▓ "╪зя╗Яя╗дя╗о╪▒я╗Уя╗оя╗Яя╗оя║Яя╗▓" я╗Яя╗ая╗ия║┤я╗┤я║Ю ╪зя╗Яя╗дя╗Мя╗дя║О╪▒┘К я╗Яя╗ая╗дя║оя╗Ыя║░ ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓тАм

╧н╧м╧о

ϮϬϭϯ b< f~6*4]D* f E 1*2 fjJ]²* ibAb~9°*H Ábc D f£ £ « )*x1 f<¡ ¸

¤-bE]sD*H b D*H ¤ ~zD*H *]sg~6°* 2] g D* fjJ]pD* ibAb~9°* b F* £ mD £ p-

¤-bE]sD*H b D* *]sg~6°* i*3 fjJ]pD* ibAb~9°*H ¤Fbc D*

f gs D* b <*¡Fb+ ¤ ~zD* D* i*3 fjJ]pD* ibAb~9°*H ¤Fbc D*

¤D¡ D* ¥4bmgD* *]sg~6°* 2] gE D* i*3 fjJ]pD* ibAb~9°*H ¤Fbc D*

f£sJ4b- ¤FbcE ¤D¡ D* ¥4bmgD* *]sg~6°* 2] gE D* i*3 fjJ]pD* ibAb~9°*H ¤Fbc D*

f£sJ4b- ¤FbcE ¢ < fjJ]0 ibAb~9*

¤-bE]sD*H b D* *]sg~6°* i*3 fjJ]pD* ibAb~9°*H ¤Fbc D*

¤sJ4b- ¢ cE ¡A kJ]0 ¤ ~6 ¢ cE

f gs D* b <*¡Fb+ ¤ ~zD* D* i*3 fjJ]pD* ibAb~9°*H ¤Fbc D*

¤sJ4b- ¢ c + ~|gE kJ]0 ¤ ~6 h£+

f~6*4]D* f E 2H]0

g~zE kJ]0 ¤ ~6 h£+

¤sJ4b- ¢ c + f ~|gE fjJ]0 f£ ~6 i*4b < f g~zE fjJ]0 f£ ~6 i*4b < ¤sJ4bgD* yCx D* f~6*4]D* f E 8*xgD* f E 2H]0

8*xgD* f E 2H]0

ϭϬϱ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ اﻟﻔﺮاﻏﻲ "اﻟﻤﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ" ﻟﻠﻨﺴﻴﺞ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ‬

‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا‬

ϭϬϰ

ϮϬϭϯ b< q~zE d~z0 f~6*4]D* f E 1*2 f0¡g ´* ib=*x D f£ £ « f:4b1

1939 Ͳ ϭϵϯϬ b< q~zE d~z0 f~6*4]D* f E 1*2 f£sJ4bgD* f0¡g ´* ib=*x D f£ £ « f:4b1

Meters

f~8b1 )*]0 x£C*¡0H 4bm~7&* f=4bA ¤~9*4&* 7*¡0&* f~8b1 ib0b~6 fg ~zE f~8b1 ib0b~6 d<ÉE f£ 1 )*]0 i*4b£~6 B*¡E 4*¡~7 fA¡ ~zE f~8b1 ib0b~6 ¤sJ4bgD* yCx D* f~6*4]D* f E f£0b~z D* f J] D* ,] cD* f:4b1 f J] D* ,] cD* 9¡0

8*xgD* f E 2H]0

ϭϬϳ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ اﻟﻔﺮاﻏﻲ "اﻟﻤﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ" ﻟﻠﻨﺴﻴﺞ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ‬

100

f~8b1 )*]0 x£C*¡0H 4bm~7&* f=4bA ¤~9*4&* 7*¡0&* f~8b1 ib0b~6 fg ~zE f~8b1 ib0b~6 d<ÉE f£ 1 )*]0 i*4b£~6 B*¡E 4*¡~7 fA¡ ~zE f~8b1 ib0b~6 ‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا‬

ϭϬϲ

ϮϬϭϯ ¯ f~6*4]D* f E ¯ fjJ]²* Ábc´*H f£sJ4bgD* Ábc´*

ϭϵϯϬ f ~6 ¢g0 f~6*4]D* f E ¡0H 1*2 f£sJ4bgD* Ábc´*

¤sJ4bgD* yCx D* f~6*4]D* f E f£0b~z D* f J] D* ,] cD* f:4b1 f J] D* ,] cD* 9¡0

8*xgD* f E 2H]0 f~6*4]D* f E 1*2 f£sJ4b- ¤FbcE f~6*4]D* f E 1*2 fjJ]0 ¤FbcE f~6*4]D* f E o4b1 ¤FbcE

ϭϬϵ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ اﻟﻔﺮاﻏﻲ "اﻟﻤﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ" ﻟﻠﻨﺴﻴﺞ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ‬

‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا‬

ϭϬϴ

‫*´‪,4bgs´* CbE&°* ¯ f£sJ4b- ÁbcE ¡A H&* f=4bA ¤~9*4&* ¯ h_~{F* ¤gD* fjJ]²* Ábc‬‬

‫‪f~6*4]D* f E ¯ ,Ì1&°* f.ÉjD* 2¡ D* E fjJ]0 fJ4b E iÉ1]gD ,4bgº :b ´ f~6*42‬‬

‫‪W2‬‬

‫‪K1+K2‬‬

‫‪W2‬‬

‫‪K1+K2‬‬

‫‪C10+C13‬‬

‫‪B12‬‬

‫‪A20‬‬

‫‪ϭϭϬ‬‬

‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا ‬

‫‪A20‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ اﻟﻔﺮاﻏﻲ "اﻟﻤﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ" ﻟﻠﻨﺴﻴﺞ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ‪111‬‬

8*ÆD* 1*2 ¤sJ4b- ¢ c§ f ~|gE fjJ]0 ibAb~9(* ϭϬ

113 ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ اﻟﻔﺮاﻏﻲ "اﻟﻤﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ" ﻟﻠﻨﺴﻴﺞ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ‬

¤sJ4b- ¢ cE ¡A ~|gE kJ]0 $b + ϭϮ

f=4bA 94b+ 8*ÆD* o4b1 *]sg~6°* 2] gE ~|gE kJ]0 ¢ cE $b + <ϭ+<Ϯ

$*x~¦1H&* f£<*45 :b E f=4bA 94&* ¯ 8*ÆD* o4b1 ,4b < ~| E kJ]0 ¢ cE tϮ

H] E ¤sJ4b- ¢ cE b E 8*ÆD* 1*2 ~|gE kJ]0 ¢ cE C13

f J]0 H&* f£D y E f0b~6 f=4bA 94&* ¯ 8*ÆD* 1*2 ~| E kJ]0 ¢ cE ϮϬ

‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا‬

ϭϭϮ

‫‪ 4‬‬ ‫ا‪1‬ﻧﻤﺎط اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا‪$‬‬

‫‪114‬‬

‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا ‬

‫‪115‬‬

├Ъ+ ┬б+5 ┬мE ┬мxN5glH+ G}┬ЯH+ ┬мE kN5g┬Я┬Н┬ЯH+ ┬Йg┬ЯJ'┬╣+ ═Ш╧░ ┬в┬Ыc┬Ш┬ХD ┬дsJ4bgD* ┬д┬М┬г;┬бD* ┬Ъ*]sg~6┬░* ┬в┬Х< bK ~┬жJ&* ┬Н┬г┬Ы~|gD* ]┬Шg<*H H&* fEb< ┬Н)b;H H&* fJ4b┬й ├НCbC2 H&* ibF*┬б┬гp┬ХD ┬Ь┬Т~zE H&* ┬Чy┬ЫE ┬ЬE f┬гc┬г┬Х~8 2┬б┬П< ┬ЬE f┬г)b~{F(┬░* ┬Щ┬Г┬ЫD* i├Дg<* b┬ШC ┬Ъ*]sg~6┬░* 2]┬ЖgE ├МJb┬Ж┬┤* ]0&* fp┬Х~zE f┬гg┬Ы┬Ш~6(* i*]┬П<H fJ]J]0 xE*H2H f┬г┬Х┬гEx+H 4w┬▒* ┬ЗE ├Бbc┬┤* ┬аwG ┬Чb~|-* ┬╢(* fAb~9(* ┬Н┬г┬Ы~|gD* ┬п f┬Ш┬Ю┬┤* ,b┬г0 5x┬АD b┬Ю┬Х┬гj┬н I]EH bG4┬б┬Ю; tJ4b-H ┬Я┬гA b┬Ю┬ЖB┬бEH ┬е]┬г┬Х┬ПgD* f┬М┬Хg┬║ f~6*4]D* ┬п fA]┬Юg~z┬┤* f┬гsJ4bgD* ├Бbc┬┤* ┬З┬г┬Ш/ ┬Э&* xCwDb+ xJ]┬▒* ┬ЬE f~8b┬│* f0┬бg┬М┬┤* ib=*x┬МD* ┬Н┬г┬Ы~|- ┬ЩgJ ┬╡H fJxm0 M┬ЭbcE ┬дG 4bcg<┬░* ├Н┬Ж+ w1'┬бJ ┬╡ b┬ШC ┬Б┬г~zcg┬ХD ┬УD3H ┬Б┬┐ ┬Ц┬ТD f┬Ж+bgD* ┬дgD* ├Бbc┬┤* f┬гsJ4bgD* ├Бbc┬Ш┬ХD fJ4b┬Ш┬Ж┬┤* ┬Вb┬┐&┬░* ┬Н┬г┬Ы~|- ]┬Ы< ┬Эx┬ПD* ┬Н~|g┬ЫE ├БbcE o*42(* ┬о ]BH 1967 ┬Ъb┬ЖD* ]┬Ж+ b┬Ю┬гD(* h┬М┬г~9&* ┬п ┬ЬJx~{┬ЖD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ib┬г┬Ы┬гg~6H ib┬г┬Ы┬г~z┬Ш1 ┬п h┬г┬Ы+ ┬дgD* ┬ЬJx~{┬ЖD* b┬┤ ┬Цc┬Пg~z┬┤* ┬п fJb┬Ш┬▓* ├НF*┬бB b┬Ю┬Х┬Ш~{- ┬Э&* ┬ЦE&* ┬в┬Х< f┬Х~|┬М┬ЫE fFb1 x~8b┬Ы< ┬ЬE b┬ЮD bEH ┬е4b┬Ш┬Ж┬┤* ├С* ┬Ъ*4 tJ4b- ,$*xB ┬п f┬г┬ШG&* ┬ЬE b┬ЮD f~6*4]D* ┬Рpg~z- fJ4b┬Ш┬ЖE

bK ┬Жc- ├Бbc┬┤* ┬Н┬г┬Ы~|- ┬дGH fJ4b┬Ш┬Ж┬┤* ┬Вb┬┐&┬░* f~6*42 f┬г┬ШG&* ┬Ь┬Ш┬Т ┬дgD* $b┬ЫcD* f┬г┬Ы┬П-H ┬д)b~{F(┬░* b┬ЮEb┬ГFH ┬д┬М┬г;┬бD*H ┬д=*x┬МD* b┬Ю┬ЫJ┬б┬ТgD ,$*xB ┬п ┬еx~┬ж┬▓* I┬бg~z┬┤* ┬ЬE ┬Чb┬ПgF┬░* ┬п ┬в┬Ыc┬┤* ,4b┬Ш< b┬Ю~z┬Т┬Ж ib=*x┬МD* f~6*42 ┬Ч├Й1 ┬ЬE ┬е4b┬Ш┬Ж┬┤* I┬бg~z┬┤* ┬╢(* ┬дsJ4bgD* n┬г~z┬ЫD* ┬Ц┬Т~{- ┬дgD* Ix1&┬░* fJ4b┬Ш┬Ж┬┤* x~8b┬Ы┬ЖD*H f┬г┬М┬г;┬бD*H f┬г┬Х1*]D* ┬вg0H b┬Ю-&b~{F w┬ЫE f├В]┬ПD* ,]┬ХcD* ├Бbc┬┤ fJ4b┬Ш┬Ж┬┤* fJ┬б┬ЮD* ┬Ц┬Шm┬┤b+ f┬г=*x┬МD* b┬Ю-┬░┬бpg+ h~z┬Т< ┬дgD*H ┬ЬJx~{┬ЖD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ib┬г┬Ы┬г~z┬Ш1 fJ2b~|gB┬░*H f┬г<b┬Шg/┬░* b┬ЮFb┬Т~6 ,b┬г0 ┬Б┬┐ ├М┬Й- fJ4b┬Ш┬Ж┬┤*H ┬д┬Ы┬г┬А~z┬Х┬МD* q~z┬┤* f:4b1 ┬╢(* ┬И┬б/xD* ┬о ┬Р+b~zD* ┬Ц~|┬МD* ┬п b┬ШCH hF┬бC ┬дgD* ├Бbc┬┤* ┬З┬г┬Ш/ f~6*4]D 1939 ┬Ъb┬ЖD* f.]p┬┤* ╧н╧╡╧п╧м ┬Ъb┬ЖD* b┬ЮgB├Й<H f┬гsJ4b- M┬ЭbcE ┬ЬE ┬ЯE]G ┬о bE f~6*42H ┬дsJ4bgD* n┬г~z┬ЫD* ,2┬б/┬б┬┤* ├Бbc┬┤* hFbC ┬Э(* fAx┬Ж┬┤ ┬УD3H f┬Ш)b┬ПD* f┬гsJ4bgD* ├Бbc┬┤* ┬ЗE ┬░ ┬Ъ&* b┬ЮE]G ┬о 7*┬б0&*H f┬Ж┬Ш┬╕ H&* fcCxE M┬ЭbcE ┬ЬE *K $y/ bK ┬гDb0 f.├Й. ┬╢(* ├С* ┬Ъ*4 ┬п ┬дsJ4bgD* yCx┬┤* ┬п ├Бbc┬┤* ┬З┬г┬Ш/ ┬Щ┬г~z┬П- ┬о ]BH ┬Ъb~zB&* 1948@D* ┬ЦcB f┬гsJ4bgD* ├Бbc┬┤* 1967═▓1948 ┬ЬJx~{┬ЖD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ┬Н~|g┬ЫE ├БbcE 1967@D* ]┬Ж+ fjJ]┬▓* ├Бbc┬┤*

f┬ШJ]┬ПD* ,]┬ХcD* ┬дA fJxm0 ┬Ц┬г~8b┬М(/╧▒═▓/╧▓) ┬дsJ4bgD* yCx┬ШD* ┬дA ┬З┬ШmOE $b┬Ы+ f┬Х+b┬П┬ШD* fp┬М~|D*

117 тАля╗зя╗дя║О╪╖ ╪зя╗Яя╗дя╗Мя╗дя║О╪▒я╗│я║Ф я╗Уя╗▓ ╪зя╗Яя╗дя║оя╗Ыя║░ ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓ я╗Уя╗▓ ╪▒╪з┘Е ╪зтАм/тАл╪зтАм

═Ш1 ═Ш╧о ═Ш3

┬д┬ПA&┬░* ┬д=*x┬МD* ┬ЬJ┬б┬ТgD* ┬в┬Х< fJ4b┬Ш┬Ж┬┤* ┬Вb┬┐&┬░* ┬Н┬г┬Ы~|- ]┬Шg<* ┬Оx= H&* ,]0*H fAx= ┬в┬Х< ┬Я)*┬бg0* ┬Ч├Й1 ┬ЬE ┬в┬Ыc┬Ш┬ХD ┬е2┬б┬Ш┬ЖD*H o4]+ ┬е2┬б┬Ш┬ЖD* ┬Чb~|-┬░*H ┬Р+*┬б┬АD* H&* ibJ┬бg~z┬┤* ┬п 2]┬ЖgD*H ,]< ┬Ц1*]┬┤* ┬╢(* fAb~9(* ┬Ц~|┬М┬ЫE o42 h┬г+ H&* ┬д┬Х1*2 H&* ┬д/4b1 тАл╪пя╗Яя╗┤я╗Ю ╪зя╗Яя║дя╗Фя║О╪╕ я╗Ля╗ая╗░ ╪зя╗Яя╗дя║оя╗Ыя║░ ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓ я╗Уя╗▓ ╪▒╪з┘Е ╪зтАм

116

┬Б┬г~zcD* h┬гcD* 1═Ш4 ]0*┬бD* I┬бg~z┬┤* H3 ┬Б┬г~zcD* h┬гcD* ═Ш╚Ы

┬е3 oH2y┬┤* ┬д0├Й┬МD* h@@ ┬гcD* z┬Т┬Ж+ (&╧▓)H (D4) ├Бb@@ c┬┤* ┬п ┬З)b~{D* ┬д)b~{F(┬░* e┬б┬Х~6&┬░* ├Н┬Х~|┬М┬Ы┬┤* ├Н┬Х1]┬┤*H ┬Ь@@ J]┬П┬ЖD* ┬дc┬г┬Х~|D* ]┬П┬ЖD* ┬бG o3┬б┬Ш┬ЫD* *w┬ЮD

,]0*H f@@ ┬г┬ПA&* fAx= ┬Ь@@ E ┬Э┬б@@ ┬ТEH ┬Б~z+&┬░* ┬И┬б@@ ┬ЫD* ┬б@@ GH ┬░ k@@ ┬г0 ib@@ J┬бg~zE ┬ЭH2 ┬Ц┬Т@@ ~{D* f@@ ┬Х┬г┬Аg~zE H&* f@@ ┬Ж+xE b┬ШC ┬Я@@ ~z┬МF ┬Л*x┬МD* ┬п @@ 6b┬ЫD* ┬ЗE ib@@ F*┬б┬г┬▓* ┬Ф├Ж@@ ~{ ]0*H ┬д┬Х1*2 ┬Л*xA ┬дGH f~8b1 fDb0 ┬Б┬Ш┬ЫD* *wG ┬Ц┬Ш~{J ├Бbc┬┤* ┬п b┬ШC ┬Б@@ ┬ПA ]0*H ┬Ц1]┬зH ├Н@@ ┬гc┬г┬Х~8 ┬Ь@@ J]┬П┬Ж+ e┬б┬Х~6&┬░* ┬дc┬г┬Х~|D* ]┬П┬ЖD* ├Д@@ g┬ЖJH ('╧н╧м)H ( ╧▒ H ( ╧░) ┬Ц┬Ш~{J ┬Ь@@ ┬ТD ┬е4b┬Ш┬Ж┬┤* ┬Б@@ ┬Ш┬ЫD* *w@@ ┬ЮD ]@@ )b~zD* ┬д@@ )b~{F(┬░* ]┬П┬ЖD* ┬Ь@@ E ,42bF f┬г)b~{F(* d@@ ┬гDb~6&* bK @ @~┬жJ&* ┬Б@@ ┬Ш┬ЫD* *w@@ G x┬Шg~6*H (/╧н╧о)H ( ╧н╧о)H ( ╧н╧м) ├Бbc┬┤* ┬п b┬ШC ┬д┬Х┬гE├ДD* ┬дgD* ┬Э]┬ШgD* ,├ЖA ┬Ч├Й@@ 1 4┬б┬Ю┬ГDb+ ┬е4b┬Ш┬Ж┬┤* ┬Б┬Ш┬ЫD* *w@@ G ]┬╜ *wD ┬Ь@@ Jx~{┬ЖD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ┬З@@ ┬Х┬АE ┬п ├С* ┬Ъ*4 b@@ ┬Ю-]┬Ю~7 i┬░b┬▓* ┬ж┬ЖcD ┬д@@ )b~{F(* e┬б┬Х~6&bC f@@ J]J]┬▓* x@@ E*H]D* ┬Ъb┬ЖD* ┬ЦcB h@@ ┬г┬Ы+ fg┬Ш~|E ┬Э┬б@@ :b+ ,]┬П┬Ж+ ,]@@ 0*H f@@ Db0H ]0*H ┬Ц1]E ┬Б┬г~zcD* h┬гc┬ХDH C16 ┬в┬ЫcE ┬бGH ╧н╧╡╧▒╧м 2x┬М┬ЫE ╧▓╧м ┬в┬Х< ]@@ JyJ bE ┬в┬Х< bK @ @┬гDb0 ┬дsJ4bgD* y@@ Cx┬┤* ┬е┬б@@ pJH ┬ЬE ,]0┬бC ┬Щ┬Г┬Ж┬┤b+ ]/*┬бg-H ]@@ 0*H I┬бg~zE i*3 fAx= ┬Ь┬ТDH ├ЙK ┬Пg~zE ┬Э┬б@@ ┬ТJ bK Fb┬г0&*H ┬З┬Шm┬┤* H&* d@@ Cx┬┤* h┬гcD* ├Бbc┬┤* ┬п b┬ШC f├В]┬ПD* ,]┬Хc┬ХD ┬е]┬г┬Х┬ПgD* n┬г~z┬ЫDb+ ┬Ц@@ ~|gE ┬Э┬б┬ТJ ,]JxAH ,x1&bgE i┬░b@@ 0 ┬пH ('╧н╧м)H ('╧╡)H ('╧┤) ,]┬ХcD* ┬О*x@@ :&* ┬в┬Х< ┬е]@@ ┬г┬Х┬ПgD* n@@ ┬г~z┬ЫD* ┬Ь@@ < ├Й@K @ ~|┬М┬ЫE ( ╧н╧о)H (t╧о╧н) ├Бbc┬┤* ┬п b┬ШC f├В]┬ПD*

yC├Ж-H dCx┬┤* h┬гc┬ХD f@@ ┬г~z┬г)xD* ,]0┬бD* ┬Б┬Ш┬ЫD* *wG ┬Ц┬Т@@ ~{J ┬е]┬г┬Х┬ПgD* 4w┬▒* ┬Ц@@ 1*2 bK g┬г+ ╧│╧м ┬╖*┬б0 ┬Я┬ЫE ,├МcC 2*]@@ <&* 7*┬б0&* ┬Ь@@ E $ymC b┬Ю┬Ш┬Г┬ЖE ┬д@@ sJ4bgD* y@@ Cx┬Ш┬ХD ┬д@@ ~6b~6&┬░* ┬Эx┬ПD* ┬ЦcB b@@ E h┬г┬Ы+ ┬дgD* ├Бbc┬Ш┬ХD ┬д@@ sJ4b- 2*]gEbC f@@ cCxE ┬д┬А┬│* 4┬б┬АgD* f@@ ┬П0┬░ ,├ЖA ┬п x@@ ┬Ю; b┬ШC x@@ ~{< ┬З@@ ~6bgD* f┬П~8├ЙgE ,2x┬М┬ЫE i*]0┬бC ┬Н┬А~|- k┬г0 f┬г0├Й┬МD* i┬б┬гc┬ХD ]BH ,x~7bcE ┬Р@@ Jx┬АD* ┬в┬Х< qg┬М- H&* f0┬бg┬МE ib@@ 0b~6 ┬Ъb@@ E&* ┬Б~6H ┬п 2x┬М┬ЫE ┬Ц┬Т~{+ 4┬б┬Ю┬ГDb+ f┬г0├Й┬МD* i┬б┬гcD* ┬ж┬Ж+ i&*]+ ┬в┬Х< ┬РcgJ ┬╡H x~{< ┬З~6bgD* ┬Эx@@ ┬ПD* ┬Н~|g┬ЫE ┬п 94&* f┬Ж┬АB ,2x┬М┬Ы┬┤* f┬г0├Й┬МD* ├Бbc┬┤* ┬аwG ┬ЬE W┬е&* d┬Х=&┬░*

'╧н╧м ├Н┬Ж:b┬ПgE ┬ЬJ]┬П┬Ж+ ]0*H I┬бg~zE H3 ┬Б┬г~z+ h┬гcD f┬г/4b1 ,4┬б~8 fJ┬б┬Х┬ЖD* ,4┬б~|D* '╧н╧м ├Н┬Ж:b┬ПgE ┬ЬJ]┬П┬Ж+ ]0*H I┬бg~zE H3 ┬Б┬г~z+ h┬г+ f┬г┬Х1*2 ,4┬б~8 f┬г┬Х┬М~zD* ,4┬б~|D*

(/╧░) ┬д0├ЙA h┬г+

119 тАля╗зя╗дя║О╪╖ ╪зя╗Яя╗дя╗Мя╗дя║О╪▒я╗│я║Ф я╗Уя╗▓ ╪зя╗Яя╗дя║оя╗Ыя║░ ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓ я╗Уя╗▓ ╪▒╪з┘Е ╪зтАм/тАл╪зтАм

┬е]┬г┬Х┬ПgD* n┬г~z┬ЫD* b┬Ю┬ЫE ┬Э┬б┬Т- ┬дgD* f┬А┬г~zcD* f@@ ┬г┬Ы┬Т~zD* i*]0┬бD* ┬дGH z┬Т┬Ж- ┬дgD*H x@@ ~{< ┬З~6bgD* ┬Эx@@ ┬ПD* fJb┬ЮF ┬в@@ g0 ├С* ┬Ъ*xD @@ 8*├Ж┬┤* f┬ЫJ]E ┬╢(* ┬Щ. ┬ЬEH ,]@@ ┬Х+ ┬╢(* b┬ЮD┬б┬л ┬ЦcB ┬еHx┬ПD* ┬д@@ ┬МJxD* ┬З@@ +b┬АD* Ix┬ПD* ┬Щ┬Г┬ЖE ┬п f@@ ┬г┬МJxD* f_┬гcD* ┬п f@@ ┬А┬г~zcD* i┬б┬гcD* ┬аw@@ G x@@ ~{g┬Ы-H f┬гsJ4b- M┬Эb@@ cE ┬ЗE f┬Х~|gE ┬Э┬б@@ ┬Т- bE ,2b<H ├Н@@ ┬А~z┬ХA ┬п i*]@@ ┬ХcD*H i*H2&├Й@ @D ┬Эy@@ ┬║H ┬Ь@@ ┬Т~z┬ШC ┬д@@ ~6b~6&* ┬Ц┬Т@@ ~{+ h@@ ┬Х┬Ш┬Жg~6* Ix@@ 1*& ,2b┬ЖA f┬г)b~{F(┬░* b┬Ю┬Ш┬ГF bE&* ┬д~7*┬б┬Ш┬ХD ┬Ь┬Т~zEH f┬г<*4yD* ib/┬бg┬Ы┬┤*H ebc┬П+ H&* fp┬А┬Х┬МE q┬А~6&b+ f┬г┬Х┬гEx+ H&* f┬гc┬г┬Х~8 *K 2┬б┬П< bE(* ┬Э┬б@@ ┬Т- bE i4x┬Т- f┬А┬г~z+ ,]< ib=*xA H&* ]@@ 0*H ┬Л*xA ┬ЬE ┬Б┬Ш┬ЫD* *wG ┬Э┬б@@ ┬ТJH ┬д~6b~6&┬░* ┬Э┬б┬Т┬┤* ┬д@@ GH ib<5┬бE H&* i*]┬г┬П┬Ж- ┬е&* ┬ЭH2 ┬д@@ )*]+ ┬Ц┬Т@@ ~{+ ,]< ┬И*┬бF&* ┬╢(* ┬Б┬г~zcD* h┬гcD* ┬Щ~z┬ПJH fcCx┬┤* i┬б┬гc┬ХD fJH*xD* h┬г+ ┬д0├Й┬МD* h┬гcD* ═Ш╚Ц H&* bK ┬Ж+xE ┬Э┬б@@ ┬ТJ bE ,2b< ┬е]@@ ┬г┬Х┬ПgD* ┬д0├Й┬МD* h@@ ┬гcD* ┬Б@@ ┬П~zE f┬Ш~z┬ПE ,]0*H f┬г┬ПA&* fAx= ┬ЬE ┬Э┬б┬ТE ┬б@@ GH ┬Ц┬Т~{D* ┬Ц┬г┬Аg~zE b┬Ю~┬ж┬Жc+ ┬Ц@@ ~|g- ib@@ J┬бg~zE f@@ .├Й. H&* ├Н@@ J┬бg~zE ┬╢(* bK @ @J2┬б┬Ш< f┬г┬МJxD* ,b@@ ┬г┬▓* ┬З+b: @@ z┬Т┬ЖJ b@@ E f┬г┬Х1*2 o*42&b@ @+ @@ ┬ж┬ЖcD* ]BH x~{< ┬З@@ ~6bgD* ┬Эx┬ПD* fJb┬ЮF ┬в@@ g0 ┬З┬Шgm┬┤* ib@@ /b┬гg0*H ibF*┬б┬гp┬ХD ┬Ь@@ ┬Т~z┬ШC h┬гcD* ┬ИbB ┬ЧH&┬░* I┬б@@ g~z┬┤* ┬Ъ]@@ sg~6* bE&* f┬Х)b┬Ж┬ХD ┬Ь┬Т~z┬ШC f@@ c┬А~|┬┤* ├БbjD* I┬бg~z┬┤* ┬Ъ]sg~6*H ┬ЬJysgD ┬Эb┬Т@@ ┬ШC ┬Ъ]sg~6* ]┬ПA f@@ JH*xD* kDbjD* I┬б@@ g~z┬┤* ┬Ъb@@ ┬Ж┬АD* ┬Ь@@ )*y1 ┬д@@ GH ┬д@@ +*┬б┬│* ┬Ц@@ ~|┬М- k@@ ┬г0 ┬Ъb@@ ┬Ж┬АD* fJH*xD* ┬Ь< fc┬А~|┬┤* ├Н┬АD*H {┬ПD* ┬ЬE f<┬б┬Ы~|┬┤* ┬ЬE ]0*H ┬д┬Х1*2 ┬Л*xA ┬дGH f~8b1 fDb0 ┬Б@@ ┬Ш┬ЫD* *wG ┬Ц┬Ш~{JH b┬ШC ┬Б┬ПA ]0*H ┬Ц@@ 1]EH ├Н┬гc┬г┬Х~8 ┬ЬJ]┬П┬Ж+ ┬Ь@@ ┬ТDH ├Н@@ J┬бg~zE тАл╪пя╗Яя╗┤я╗Ю ╪зя╗Яя║дя╗Фя║О╪╕ я╗Ля╗ая╗░ ╪зя╗Яя╗дя║оя╗Ыя║░ ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓ я╗Уя╗▓ ╪▒╪з┘Е ╪зтАм

118

┬Р+*┬б┬АD* 2]┬ЖgE ┬Б┬г~zcD* h┬гcD*

═Ш╚в

oH2y┬┤* ┬д0├Й┬МD* h┬гcD* ═Ш╚Я

h@@ ┬гc┬ХD 4┬б@@ ┬Аg┬┤* ┬е2┬б@@ ┬Ш┬ЖD* ┬Ь@@ J┬б┬ТgD* ┬в@@ ┬Ыc┬┤* *w@@ G ┬Ц@@ j├В ibF*┬б┬гp┬ХD |~|s┬┤* h┬гcD* ┬ИbB ┬Ц~|┬МF* k┬г0 ┬д0├Й┬МD* ├ЙK ┬Пg~zE bK @ @┬г~94&* bK ┬П+b: q@@ c~|┬гD i┬░b┬▓* ┬Ь@@ E ├М@@ jC ┬п ┬ЬE bK F┬б┬ТE ┬Ц┬Т~{D* ┬З+xE ┬Р+b┬АD* ┬Б@@ ┬П~zE ┬Э┬б┬ТJ bE ,2b<H ┬ЬE ┬Э┬б┬ТgJ ┬Я@@ F&* ┬бG ┬Б┬Ш┬ЫD* *wG y@@ ┬г├В bEH ,]0*H f@@ Ax= ,xE ,2]┬Жg┬┤* ┬Р+*┬б┬АD* ┬в┬Ыc- bE ,2b<H f.├Й. H&* ├Н@@ ┬П+b: b┬Ю┬гD(* ┬Ч┬б~8┬бD* ┬ЩgJ f┬гQ ┬Х< ├М1&┬░* ┬Р+b┬АD* ┬Э┬б┬ТJ ]BH ,]0*H ┬Р┬Х┬ЖE ┬д/4b1 x┬Ш┬з ┬Ц~|g- ]B f┬г/4b1 o*42&* ┬РJx: ┬Ь< ┬в┬Ыc┬┤* fDb0 ┬п b@@ ┬ШC f┬гQ ┬Х┬ЖD* ┬Ц1]E b┬Ю┬г┬Х< q@@ g┬МJ f@@ F┬б┬Т┬Х+ H&* ( ╧н╧│) H&* ┬дc┬г┬Х~8 ]@@ ┬П< ┬ЬE $b~{F(┬░* d@@ ┬гDb~6&* ┬в┬Ыc┬┤* ┬п 2]@@ ┬Жg-H ]BH fjJ]┬▓* f@@ J]J]┬▓* xE*H]D* ┬Ь@@ E M┬бg~zE ]┬П< ┬Ь@@ E x~{< ┬З@@ ~6bgD* ┬Эx@@ ┬ПD* x@@ 1*H&* ├С* ┬Ъ*4 ┬п b@@ G4┬б┬Ю; &*]@@ + ┬Чb┬ПgF┬░* f┬Х0xE ┬Ц@@ j┬н k┬г0 ┬ЬJx~{┬ЖD* ┬Эx@@ ┬ПD* ib@@ J*]+H $y/ ┬дGH ┬е]┬г┬Х┬ПgD* n@@ ┬г~z┬ЫD* ┬Ц1*2 f┬гF]┬┤* ,b@@ ┬г┬▓* ┬╢(* f├В]┬ПD* ,]┬ХcD* n┬г~z┬ЫD ┬е]┬г┬Х┬ПgD* ┬РA&┬░* ┬Б1 ┬ЬE ┬д~6b~6&* ]B ╧н╧╡╧о╧│ ┬Ъb┬ЖD* ┬Ч*yD5 ┬Э&* ]┬Пg┬ЖJH ]┬гEx┬ПD* b┬Ю~┬ж┬Ж+ ┬б┬Х┬ЖJH ┬е4b┬Ш┬Ж┬┤* ┬Б┬Ш┬ЫD* *wG ├БbcE ┬ЬE ┬ж┬Ж+ ,4b@@ ~z1 ┬╢(* IQ2&* 2]┬ЖgE bK g┬г+ ╧о╧┤ ┬╖*┬б@@ 0 bK ┬гDb0 ┬д@@ sJ4bgD* y@@ Cx┬┤* ┬е┬бpJH ├Бbc┬┤* b┬ШGH ┬Р+*┬б: f@@ .├Йj+ ┬Б┬ПA b┬Ю┬ЫE ┬Эb┬Ы.* ┬Р@@ +*┬б┬АD* ( ╧н╧│) H (A6)

╧н╧о╧н тАля╗зя╗дя║О╪╖ ╪зя╗Яя╗дя╗Мя╗дя║О╪▒я╗│я║Ф я╗Уя╗▓ ╪зя╗Яя╗дя║оя╗Ыя║░ ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓ я╗Уя╗▓ ╪▒╪з┘Е ╪зтАм/тАл╪зтАм

┬Ц┬г┬Аg~z┬┤* ┬Б┬П~z┬┤b+ f┬А┬г~zcD* i┬б┬гcD* ┬ЬE ┬И┬б┬ЫD* *wG 5bg├В ├НgAx= ┬З┬Ш┬й ┬дgD* f┬Х.b┬Шg┬┤* f┬Х┬г┬Аg~z┬┤* f┬Ю/*┬бD*H ┬Ц┬Т@@ ~{D* ┬пH ├Н┬г0├ЙA ├Н@@ g┬г+ H&* ]@@ 0*H I┬б@@ g~zE i*3 ├Н@@ g┬А┬г~z+ ┬п b┬ШC ├Н@@ ┬Х~|┬М┬ЫE ├Н┬П+b: ┬Ь@@ E ├Н-]0H ,42b@@ F i┬░b@@ 0 4*]@@ / ├Н@@ g┬Х.b┬Шg┬┤* ├Н@@ gAx┬ЙD* ┬Ц@@ ~|┬МJH ( ╧н╧п) ├Бb@@ c┬┤* f0b~6 ┬в@@ ┬Х< ├Н@@ ┬Х~|┬М┬ЫE ├Н@@ ┬Х1]┬з ┬Эb@@ pg┬М-H ┬Ф├Ж@@ ~{E ┬ЗE f┬Х)b┬Ж┬ХD ┬Ь@@ ┬Т~z┬ШC ┬Б┬Ш┬ЫD* *wG ┬Ъ]sg~6* ]@@ BH ,]@@ 0*H ┬ЬE $b~{F(┬░* d@@ ┬гDb~6&* ┬Я┬гA 2]@@ ┬Жg-H b┬ЮFH2 H&* ib@@ F*┬б┬г┬▓* o3┬б┬Ш┬ЫD* *wG ├Дg┬ЖJH ]J]0 xE*H]+ M┬бg~zE H&* ┬дc┬г┬Х~8 ]┬П< ┬Эx┬ПD* x1*H&* f@@ ├В]┬ПD* ,]@@ ┬ХcD* ,*┬бF ┬Ь@@ E oHx┬│* f@@ J*]+ 4*2 7┬бpC ,]J]/ 7*┬б0&┬░ ,*┬б@@ F ┬ЬJ┬б┬Т-H x~{< ┬З@@ ~6bgD* (t╧▓ ) rxA ┬╡b~6 ┬в┬Ыc┬ШC f┬Ж┬Ш┬╕ M┬ЭbcEH ╧│ ┬Р@@ cJyD* bK ┬г0├ЙA bK g┬г+ 35 ┬╖*┬б0 bK ┬гDb0 ┬дsJ4bgD* yCx┬┤* ┬е┬б@@ pJH ┬Ц┬г┬ХB 2]< ]/HH ┬О*x:&┬░* ┬в┬Х< ,yC├ЖE ┬Б┬ПA bK @ @/H2yE ┬п f~8bs+H @@ 94&* f┬Ж┬АB ┬Б~6H ┬п 2x@@ ┬М┬ЫE ┬Ц┬Т~{+ b@@ ┬Ю┬ЫE (O17)H (M5) ├Н┬г┬Ыc┬┤bC ,xJ]┬ПD* ┬д0 D9 ┬Р+*┬б┬АD* 2]┬ЖgE ┬Б┬г~z+ h┬г+

(/╧▒ ═┤ /╧▓) x~{< ┬З~6bgD* ┬Эx┬ПD* fJb┬ЮF ┬ЬE oH2yE ┬д0├ЙA h┬гcD f┬Х.b┬ШgE f┬Ю/*H fJ┬б┬Х┬ЖD* ,4┬б~|D*

╧│ ┬РcJyD* 7┬б0 ┬п oH2yE ┬д0├ЙA h┬г+ f┬г┬Х┬М~zD* ,4┬б~|D*

╧н╧о╧м

┬дsJ4bgD* yCx┬┤* ┬п ┬Б┬г~zcD* h┬гcD* ┬Б┬┐ ┬ЬE f┬М┬Хgs┬┤* ┬И*┬бF&┬░* ┬ЗJ5┬б-

┬╖┬б┬АD* ]g┬Ш┬┤* ┬Б┬г~zcD* h┬гcD* 0

M e t e rs 100

═Ш╚╡

o3┬б┬Ш┬ЫD* *w@@ G oH2y┬┤* ┬д0├Й┬МD* h@@ ┬гcD* o3┬б┬┐ ┬п b@@ ┬ШC l├Й. ┬ЬE ┬Э┬б@@ ┬ТgJ b@@ E ,2b<H ┬╖┬б@@ ┬АD* ┬Я@@ ┬А┬П~z┬з y@@ ┬г┬╗ b┬Ю~┬ж┬Ж+ dFbm+ h@@ ┬г┬Ы+ ]0*H I┬бg~zE i*3 f@@ ┬А┬г~z+ ┬Оx= f┬Ш┬Тp┬Ш┬ХD ┬е┬б@@ ┬Х┬ЖD* ┬Р+b┬АD* ]@@ ┬ЖJH ┬╖┬б: ┬Ц┬Т@@ ~{+ @@ ┬ж┬ЖcD* ┬Б@@ ┬Ш┬ЫD* *w@@ ┬ЮD bK @ @┬гDb0 ┬Ъ]@@ B&┬░* f@@ Db┬▓* R9 f@@ ┬гFb┬Шj┬ЖD*

┬Щ┬гG*x+* 4*2 ┬И4b~7

k┬г0 ├С* ┬Ъ*4 ┬п f@@ ├В]┬ПD* ,]@@ ┬ХcD* ┬п 42b┬ЫD* ┬е4b@@ ┬Ш┬Ж┬┤* Ix1&* fDb0 ]/┬б- b@@ ┬ШC f┬Х.b┬ШgE ┬Оx= l├Й. ┬ЬE ┬Э┬б@@ ┬ТgJ ( ╧о╧п) bK ┬гD┬б: ]g┬╗ ┬Б┬г~zcD* h┬гcD*

┬д~z┬г)xD* ┬И4b~{D*

fDb┬▓* bE&* ├Н┬П+b: ┬ЬE h┬г┬Ы+ S4 ├Б┬б┬Хm┬ЖD* @@ 7┬б0 ┬п 4*2 ┬З┬Шm┬┤* ┬в┬Ыc┬┤* ┬п ,2┬б/┬бE ┬д┬ЮA ┬ЦjE&┬░* ┬дGH fjDbjD* ┬И┬б┬ЫgJH ╧н╧╡╧о╧│ ┬Ъb┬ЖD* h┬г┬Ы+H ╧о╧п ┬а2┬░H&*H ex0 rx@@ A f┬гc┬г┬Х~8 2┬б┬П< ├Н+ l├ЙjD* i┬░b@@ ┬▓* ┬п ┬д)b~{F(┬░* ┬Ъb┬Г┬ЫD*

]0*┬бD* I┬бg~z┬┤* H3 ┬Б┬г~z+ h┬г+ ┬д0├ЙA h┬г+ oH2yE ┬д0├ЙA h┬г+ bK ┬гD┬б: ]g┬╗ ┬Б┬г~z+ h┬г+ ┬Р+*┬б┬АD* 2]┬ЖgE ┬Б┬г~z+ h┬г+

f┬ПJ]0 ┬в┬Х< ┬в@@ ┬Ыc┬┤* qg┬МJ bE ,2b<H f@@ J]J]0 x@@ E*H2 H&* fAx= ┬Ц┬ТD ┬Ц┬Пg~zE ┬Ц@@ 1]EH ┬д~z┬г)4 ┬Ц1]E b┬ЮD f@@ 0b~6

f┬г~z┬г)xD* f0b~zD* ┬ЬE

fJ]┬ХcD* ┬И4b~7

┬Ц┬Ю~zD* ┬И

4b~7

┬ЪHxD* xJ2 ┬И4b~7

┬Щ)bB ┬дsJ4b- ┬в┬ЫcE ┬Ъ]┬ЮE ┬дsJ4b- ┬в┬ЫcE kJ]0 ┬в┬ЫcE ┬дsJ4bgD* yCx┬┤* ┬п 8*├ЖD* f┬П┬А┬ЫE 2H]0

╧н╧о╧п тАля╗зя╗дя║О╪╖ ╪зя╗Яя╗дя╗Мя╗дя║О╪▒я╗│я║Ф я╗Уя╗▓ ╪зя╗Яя╗дя║оя╗Ыя║░ ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓ я╗Уя╗▓ ╪▒╪з┘Е ╪зтАм/тАл╪зтАм

╧н╧о╧о

┬дsJ4bgD* yCx┬┤* ┬п b┬Ю-b┬г┬Х<H fcCx┬┤* i┬б┬гcD* ┬ЗJ5┬б-

dCx┬┤* h┬гcD* ╧о═Ш4 f┬г0├Й┬МD* f┬А┬г~zcD* i┬б@@ ┬гcD* ┬Ь@@ E f@@ <┬б┬Ш┬╕ ┬Ь@@ < ,4bc< ┬б@@ GH ┬╖├Й┬ЖD* ┬╢(* f@@ Ab~9(* ├Н┬П+b: H&* ]@@ 0*H ┬Р+b: ┬Ь@@ E f@@ ┬П~8├Йg┬┤* b┬Ю~z┬МF f┬гsJ4bgD* ,├Ж┬МD* ┬п ┬ж┬ЖcD* b┬Ю~┬ж┬Ж+ ┬ЗE h┬П~|gD* ┬д@@ gD* ┬З┬г┬Ш/ b┬Ю┬г┬Х< qg┬М- ┬ЦB&┬░* ┬в┬Х< ├Нg┬Ю/ ┬ЬE f┬П┬Х┬ЙE bK @ @~7*┬б0&* ┬Ц┬Т~{gD r]┬ЫB 7┬б0H ╧о╧м ┬Н┬Х1 7┬б0 ┬п b┬ШC ┬У┬г+bc~{D*H e*┬б@@ +&┬░* ┬д~6b~6&* ┬Ц┬Т~{+ f~8b┬│* ┬Яc~7 7*┬б0&┬░* ┬аw@@ G ┬Ъ]sg~z-H D4

i┬б┬гcD* $*y/&* ┬ж┬Ж+ hE]sg~6* b┬ШC f┬гDy┬Ы┬┤* f┬гE┬б┬гD* ┬Чb┬Ш<&├ЙD f@@ ┬г<*4yD* i*H2&┬░*H ib@@ /┬бg┬Ы┬Ш┬ХD ┬Э5b@@ s┬ШC bK @ @┬гsJ4b- f@@ cCx┬┤* ┬д~7*┬б┬Ш┬ХD ┬ЬCb~zEH

M e t e rs 100

┬Щ┬гG*x+* 4*2 ┬И4b~7

┬д~z┬г)xD* ┬И4b~{D*

┬Ц┬Ю~zD* ┬И

4b~7

┬ЪHxD* xJ2 ┬И4b~7

fQ┬г┬Х< ┬Щ)bB ┬дsJ4b- ┬в┬ЫcE ┬Ъ]┬ЮE ┬дsJ4b- ┬в┬ЫcE kJ]0 ┬в┬ЫcE ┬дsJ4bgD* yCx┬┤* ┬п 8*├ЖD* f┬П┬А┬ЫE 2H]0

fJ]┬ХcD* ┬И4b~7

dCxE h┬г+ dCx┬┤* h┬гcD* 2H]0

7┬б0 ┬Ч┬б0 h┬МgD* f┬А┬г~z+ i┬б┬г+ ┬ЬE dCxE h┬г+ ┬бGH ╧о╧м ┬Н┬Х1 4*2 7┬б0 fJ┬б┬Х┬ЖD* ,4┬б~|D* ╧о╧о 7┬б0 ┬ЭH]+ h┬П~8├Й- f┬А┬г~z+ i┬б┬г+ ┬ЬE dCx┬┤* h┬г+ f┬г┬Х┬М~zD* ,4┬б~|D*

2┬б┬П< ┬ЬE fJ]┬г┬Х┬ПgD* f@@ ┬г)b~{F(┬░* b┬Ю┬Ш┬Г┬Ы+ f@@ cCx┬┤* ├Бbc┬┤* 5b@@ g┬н o3┬б┬Ш┬ЫD* *wG ]/*┬бgJH fp┬А┬Х┬МE q┬А~6&b+H f┬г┬Х┬гEx+ H&* f┬гc┬г┬Х~8 ├ЙK ~|gE f├В]┬ПD* ,]┬Хc┬ХD ┬д~6b~6&┬░* ┬е]┬г┬Х┬ПgD* 4w┬▒* ┬п ┬Я@@ ┬Ш┬Г┬Ж┬з ┬З+b┬АD* ┬е4b┬Ш┬Ж┬┤* ┬Б┬Ш┬ЫD* *wG z┬Т┬ЖJ k┬г0 Ix1&* f┬гsJ4b- M┬Эbc┬з i├Йg┬Тg+ x~{< ┬З~6bgD* ┬Эx┬ПD* fJb┬ЮF ┬вg0 f├В]┬ПD* ,]┬Хc┬ХD ┬д┬МJxD* ,]g┬Ш┬┤* i├Й)b┬ЖD* d@@ ~z0 f<5┬бE i*4b0H f┬г┬Ы┬Т~6 7*┬б0&* ┬Ь@@ E ┬аwG ┬Р~8├Йg- ,]@@ JxA i┬░b@@ 0 ┬пH ┬Сx┬АD*H f@@ B5&┬░* b@@ ┬Ю┬Х~|┬М ┬ЭH2 ├БbcE ┬Ц┬Т~{gD ┬ж┬ЖcD* b┬Ю~┬ж┬Ж+ ┬ЗE bK J2┬б┬Ш< H&* bK ┬г┬ПA&* i*]0┬бD* ]┬ПA ]BH ╧о╧о b+bcD* f┬гQ ┬Х<H ┬в┬ЫcEH ╧о╧о ┬в┬Ыc┬ШC @@ 7┬б0 fm┬гgF fcCx┬┤* ┬Я@@ -┬б┬г+ ┬ЬE ├Мj┬ТD* ├С* ┬Ъ*4 ┬п ┬д@@ sJ4bgD* y@@ Cx┬┤* ┬Эx┬ПD* ┬Н~|g┬ЫE w┬ЫE ┬Я@@ ┬г┬Х< i&*x: ┬дgD* f┬Ж~6*┬бD* ┬Ъ]┬ЮD* ┬Чb@@ ┬Ш<&* ┬Э%┬░* ┬вg0H ┬ЬJx~{┬ЖD*

D ╧н╧о╧▒ тАля╗зя╗дя║О╪╖ ╪зя╗Яя╗дя╗Мя╗дя║О╪▒я╗│я║Ф я╗Уя╗▓ ╪зя╗Яя╗дя║оя╗Ыя║░ ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓ я╗Уя╗▓ ╪▒╪з┘Е ╪зтАм/тАл╪зтАм

╧н╧о╧░

┬дsJ4bgD* yCx┬┤* ┬п ┬Э*┬б┬г┬ХD* i┬б┬г+ ┬ЗJ5┬б-

M e t e rs 100

┬ЯF&* ┬░(* U ┬Оx0 ┬Ц┬Т~7 ┬в┬Х< bK ┬г┬Х1*2 bK /42H ]┬гExB fc~|F ┬е┬б@@ pJ ┬Эx┬ПD* fJb┬ЮF ┬╢(* d@@ ┬Х=&┬░* ┬в┬Х< 2┬б┬Ж- ┬Ъ]B&* fDb0 ┬в@@ ┬Х< 4┬б@@ j┬ЖD* ┬о k┬г0 ╧н╧м ┬Иb~|D* 4*]D ┬е┬б┬Х┬ЖD* ┬Р+b┬АD* ┬дGH x~{< ┬З@@ ~6bgD* ┬Эbg┬ХJ┬б: ┬ЭbgAx= ┬Я┬гcFb/ ┬в┬Х< ┬И5┬бg- ┬д@@ ┬Х┬гEx+ ]┬П┬Ж+ ┬Э*┬б┬гD ]/┬бJ f┬г)b┬Ы. f┬гc┬г┬Х~8 2┬б┬П┬Ж+ qc~8&* k┬гp+ ┬ЬJx~{┬ЖD* ┬Эx@@ ┬ПD* ib┬г┬Ы┬г┬Ж+4&* ┬вg0 ┬И┬б┬ЫD* *wG 4┬б@@ ┬А ibE]1 h┬Х12&*H ┬Я┬П+*┬б: i2]┬Ж-H *K ]┬г┬П┬Ж- ├ИC&* ┬д@@ ┬ПA&┬░* ┬Я┬А┬А┬║ f┬г┬Ы┬Т~6 $b@@ ┬г0&* i┬б┬гcD* ┬аw@@ G ┬ЬE hF┬б┬Т-H ┬Ь@@ ┬Т~zD* ┬Ц1*]D h@@ ┬гcD* f├В]┬ПD* ,]┬ХcD* ┬е┬б@@ ┬лH ┬ЬJx~{┬ЖD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ┬Н~|g┬ЫE ┬в@@ g0 fjJ]0 M┬ЭbcE ┬ЬE ┬Р+*┬б: ┬Ь@@ < ,4bc< b┬Ю~┬ж┬Ж+ ┬Э*┬б@@ ┬гD h┬г+ ╧о╧м ┬╖*┬б@@ 0 ┬Э%┬░* f┬гcDb┬ЙD* b@@ E&* ├Н┬П+b: ┬Ь@@ E fF┬б┬ТE ┬Б@@ ┬ПA b┬Ю┬ЫE f@@ ┬Ж+4&*H f@@ ┬Ж┬Ш┬╕ o4b1 ┬З┬П- ┬д┬ЮA f_┬┤* ┬в┬Х< bG2]< ]JyJ ┬дgD* ┬Э*┬б┬г┬ХD* i┬б┬гcD I├Д┬ТD* ┬Вb┬┐&┬░* ┬ЬE bG├М= ┬ЬE f~9x< ├ИC&* ┬дGH f├В]┬ПD* ,]┬ХcD* 2H]@@ 0 f┬ЫJ]┬┤* ┬п ┬Н┬гj┬ТD* ├Б*x┬Ш┬ЖD* ┬б┬Ш┬ЫD* fm┬гgF ┬Ъ]┬Ю┬ХD fJ4b┬Ш┬Ж┬┤*

┬Щ┬гG*x+* 4*2 ┬И4b~7

┬д~z┬г)xD* ┬И4b~{D*

┬Э*┬б┬гD h┬г+

fJ]┬ХcD* ┬И4b~7

┬Ц┬Ю~zD* ┬И

4b~7

┬ЪHxD* xJ2 ┬И4b~7

┬Щ)bB ┬дsJ4b- ┬в┬ЫcE ┬Ъ]┬ЮE ┬дsJ4b- ┬в┬ЫcE kJ]0 ┬в┬ЫcE ┬дsJ4bgD* yCx┬┤* ┬п 8*├ЖD* f┬П┬А┬ЫE 2H]0 E╧н ┬д.├Й. ┬Э*┬б┬гD h┬г+

╧н╧о╧│ тАля╗зя╗дя║О╪╖ ╪зя╗Яя╗дя╗Мя╗дя║О╪▒я╗│я║Ф я╗Уя╗▓ ╪зя╗Яя╗дя║оя╗Ыя║░ ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓ я╗Уя╗▓ ╪▒╪з┘Е ╪зтАм/тАл╪зтАм

┬Э*┬б┬г┬ХD* h┬г+ 3═Ш4 ┬Л*x┬МD* ib@@ =*xA f.├Й. ┬Ь@@ E ┬НD'┬бE ┬Б~z+&┬░* ┬д@@ ┬ПA&┬░* ┬Я@@ ┬А┬П~zE ┬╢(* ┬е2'┬б@ @J ┬еwD*H ┬И5┬б@@ ┬ШC ┬Ц@@ ┬Ш┬ЖJ ┬еw@@ D* ┬Э*┬б@@ ┬г┬ХD* ┬еy@@ Cx┬┤* *wG ┬Э&* ]@@ ┬Пg┬ЖJH ┬а4b@@ ~zJH ┬Я┬Ы┬г├В ┬в@@ ┬Х< ├Н@@ g┬г~z┬г)xD* ├Н@@ gAx┬ЙD* f┬г┬Х1*2 fCxp+ ┬Ь@@ ┬ТDH ┬╖┬б┬АD* ]g┬Ш┬┤* h┬гcD* ┬Ь@@ < 4┬б┬А- ┬Б┬Ш┬ЫD* bK ┬МD'┬бE bK @ @┬г┬ПA&* bK @ @┬А┬П~zE ┬Б┬Ш┬ЫD* *w@@ G ┬е┬б@@ pJ b┬ШC ┬Оx@@ ┬ЙD* ├Н@@ + ┬в┬Х< ┬Оx= ┬З+4&* ┬╢(* ┬е2'┬б@ @J ┬╖┬б: ┬Э*┬б┬гD ib@@ =*xA f~z┬Ш1 ┬Ь@@ E f┬Х.b┬Шg┬┤* ┬Я@@ g┬Ю/*┬б+ ┬е4b@@ ┬Ш┬Ж┬┤* ┬Б┬Ш┬ЫD* *w@@ G 5b@@ g├ВH ┬Я@@ ┬гcFb/ ,4b┬Ш< ┬п f┬г<┬бF f┬Х┬ПF h~z┬Т< ┬дgD* f┬г┬Ы┬ЙD* fJ4b┬Ш┬Ж┬┤* ┬Ц@@ ┬г~8b┬МgD*H $b┬ЫcD* f┬г┬Х┬Ш< ┬д@@ ~6]┬Ы┬ЮD* ┬Щ┬г┬Ш~|gD* ┬Ч┬б@@ 12 k┬г0 ┬Ь@@ E ├С* ┬Ъ*4 f┬г/┬бD┬б┬Ы┬Т-H f┬гDb┬Ш/H f┬г~6]┬ЫG ├МJb┬ЖE ┬Иbc-*H ┬Ц┬г~8b┬МgD* f┬г┬Ы┬ЙD* f┬г.├ЙjD* b┬Ю┬Х1*]┬з ┬Э*┬б┬г┬ХD* i┬б┬г+ ┬ЬE ]J]┬ЖD* 5bg┬н bE ,2b<H ┬в@@ ┬Ыc┬Ш┬ХD ├ИC&* H&* ┬д<xA ┬Ц@@ 1]E ┬Фb┬ЫG ┬Э┬б┬ТJ b@@ E ,2b@@ <H ┬Р+b: ┬╢(* H&* h┬гcD* q@@ ┬А~6 ┬╢(* ┬е2'┬бJ ┬д┬Х1*2 o42 bK ~┬жJ&* ┬Я┬гA ]@@ /┬бJ ┬Эb┬ТA ┬е4b┬Ш┬Ж┬┤* ┬Б┬Ш┬ЫD* *w┬ЮD ┬д~z┬г)xD* ┬д)b~{F(┬░* ┬Ъb┬Г┬ЫD* bE&* ┬е┬б┬Х< x~|┬Ы┬ЖD* f@@ J]J]┬▓* xE*H]D* h@@ pc~8&* ┬в@@ g0 f┬гc┬г┬Х~|D* 2┬б@@ ┬П┬ЖD* ┬б┬Х┬ЖJ ]BH bK ┬ЖE ├Н+┬б┬Х~6&┬░* ┬в┬Ыc┬┤* ┬З┬ШmJ ]BH bK ┬П0┬░ ])b~zD* ┬д)b~{F(┬░* ]┬гExB fc~|F i┬░b┬▓* ┬ЬE ├МjC ┬п ┬в┬Ыc┬┤* ┬О*x:&* ┬в┬Х< ┬Ь@@ Jx~{┬ЖD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ┬Ц)*H&* o3┬б@@ ┬Ш┬ЫD* *wG 4┬б┬Ю; &*]@@ + 8*├Ж┬┤* b┬Юm┬г~zF ┬Ь< ┬Ц~|┬М┬ЫEH ┬Ц┬Пg~zE ┬в┬Ыc┬ШC f├В]┬ПD* ,]┬ХcD* f<H4yE f┬ПJ]0 ┬в┬Х< b┬Ю0bg┬МFb+ ┬Э*┬б┬г┬ХD* i┬б┬г+ d┬Х=&* y┬г┬Шg- k┬г0 ├М┬Й~8 ibE]1 ┬в@@ ┬ЫcE ┬д~z┬г)xD* ┬в┬Ыc┬┤* ┬Рp┬ХJ ]@@ BH 4b@@ m~7&┬░b+ 6b+4]D* 4*2 ]┬Ж-H ╧н ┬в┬ЫcEH H4 6b+4]D* 4*2 ┬п b┬ШC ┬Ц┬Пg~zE ┬Э*┬б┬гD h┬гcD ├С* ┬Ъ*4 ┬п ┬Ъ]@@ B&┬░* f┬П.┬б┬┤* f@@ Db┬▓* H4

├С* ┬Ъ*4 ┬п ┬д┬Ы┬Т~6 h┬г+ ┬ЧH&* ┬Э┬б@@ ┬ТJ ]BH ╧н╧╡╧м╧о ┬Ъb┬ЖD* ┬д┬Ы+ k@@ ┬г0

h┬г+

╧н╧о╧▓

f┬г┬Х┬ЖD* ┬в┬Ыc┬┤*H dCx┬┤* h┬гc┬ХD f@@ ┬Ш┬Ю┬┤* fJ4b┬Ш┬Ж┬┤* ib=*x┬МD* ┬ЬE ┬╖├Й@@ ┬ЖD* ┬в┬Х< ,4]┬ПD*H $b┬ЫcD* b┬г/┬бD┬б┬Ы┬Т- 4┬б@@ ┬А- ]┬Ы< ix┬Ю; ┬дgD* ┬З┬Шm┬┤* ┬п bK ┬Ш┬ЮE *K $y/ ┬╖├Й┬ЖD* h┬Х┬Т~7H ,]< ┬Р+*┬б┬АD ┬в┬Ыc┬┤b+ $b@@ ┬П-4┬░* b┬ШC ┬ЬJx~{┬ЖD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ┬Ц@@ )*H&* f├В]┬ПD* ,]┬Хc┬ХD ┬РA&┬░* ┬Б1 ┬Ь@@ J┬б┬Т ,]┬ХcD* i├Й)b< ┬ж┬ЖcD bK @ @J2b~|gB*H bK ┬г<b┬Шg/* *K 4bG25* h@@ ~z┬Т< ibF┬б┬Т┬ХcDbC f@@ ┬г┬Ы= f@@ J4b┬Ш┬ЖE ┬Ц@@ ┬г~8b┬М- ├Д@@ < ┬Яg~z┬Т< f@@ ├В]┬ПD* f┬г.├ЙjD* ┬Ц@@ 1*]┬┤*H f@@ ┬г/4b┬│* f@@ Jxm┬▓* o*42&┬░*H f@@ ┬П┬Х┬Ж┬┤* ┬Э┬б┬Х┬┤*H ┬пx@@ 1yD* ┬д@@ g┬Ы┬Ш~6(┬░* ┬В├Й@@ cD*H ]@@ ┬гEx┬ПD* ib@@ c~|FH f┬г┬Х< b┬Ю┬ШG&* ┬ЬE f┬гQ ┬Х< ╧о╧п ┬╖*┬б0 ┬Э%┬░* ┬дsJ4bgD* yCx┬┤* ┬е┬б@@ pJH ╧н╧╡╧м╧┤ ╧о╧о b+bcD* f┬гQ ┬Х<H ╧н╧╡╧м╧░ S4 ├Б┬б┬Хm┬ЖD*

┬З┬ШmO┬┤* $b┬ЫcD* 4═Ш4 ┬ЬE ┬Б┬┐ ┬ЬE ├ИC&* ┬Ь@@ E nJyE ┬Ь< ,4bc< ┬е4b┬Ш┬Ж┬┤* ┬Б┬Ш┬ЫD* *w@@ G O @ ┬ЫcD* ┬Э┬б┬ТD ┬У@@ D3 2┬б┬ЖJ f@@ ┬П+b~zD* ┬Вb@@ ┬┐&┬░* ├ИC&* ┬в┬Х< ]@@ ┬гU ~7 $b@ i*├М┬Йg+ Ix1&┬░* ┬Ь@@ < iy┬г┬н f┬Х0xE ┬ЦC f┬Х0xE H&* ,├Ж@@ A ┬Ь@@ E ┬Ц┬Т~{gJ ]B nJy┬┤* *wG f┬М┬Хg┬║ f┬гAb┬П.H f┬г<b┬Шg/*H fJ2b~|gB* ]┬гExB fc~|FH f@@ J]J]0 xE*H]+ f┬гQ ┬Х< $b@@ ┬Ы+ ┬ЩgJ ┬Э&bC bK @ @J2┬б┬Ш< C15 ]J*5 4*2 f@@ ┬гQ ┬Х<H ┬в┬ЫcE fDb0 ┬п b┬ШC ┬д0├ЙA h┬г+ ┬С┬б@@ A ┬еwD* ╧│ ┬РcJyD* 7┬бpC bK ┬г┬ПA&* ┬Ц┬Т@@ ~{- ]B nJy┬┤* ┬Э┬б┬ТJ ]BH ib┬г┬ЫJx~{< ┬п ┬ЯD┬б0 ┬НgD* ┬Щ. bK /H2yE bK ┬г0├ЙA bK g┬г+ ┬Я-*┬бF h@@ FbC ┬Ъ*]sg~6┬░* 2]┬ЖgE x1%*H ┬Р+*┬б┬АD* 2]┬ЖgE h┬г+ ┬ЬJx~{┬ЖD* ┬Эx┬ПD* bK ~7┬б0 ┬Э┬бQ ┬ТgD 2]┬Ж-H f┬г)b~{F(┬░* ┬Я@@ c┬гDb~6&* ┬И┬б┬Ыg+ ┬е4b@@ ┬Ш┬Ж┬┤* ┬Б┬Ш┬ЫD* *wG 5b@@ g├В ┬аxC3 ┬Щ┬Ю┬┤* ┬ЬEH i*├Ж@@ A ┬в┬Х< h┬г┬Ы+ ┬дgD* f@@ J4b┬Ш┬Ж┬┤* ┬аx@@ ~8b┬Ы< xE*H2H ┬дc┬г┬Х~8 ]┬П┬ЖC f┬М┬Хg┬║ f@@ ┬г)b~{F(* bK ┬Ш┬ГF h┬гcD* $*┬б@@ g0* ┬Э&* ├Нg┬М┬Хg┬║ ├Нg┬Х0xE ┬п b┬г┬Ы+ b┬Ш┬ЮF&* ,4Hx~┬жDb+ ┬д@@ ┬Ы┬ЖJ ┬░ fJ]J]0 ┬░ ┬Ъ&* bK ┬Ж┬Ш┬╕ h┬гcD* ┬ЭbC ┬Э(* ]@@ J]pgD ]┬г0┬бD* 4b┬г┬Ж┬┤* z┬гD ┬б@@ GH 4*2H ╧о╧п ex0 rxA 7┬б0H S4 ├Б┬б┬Хm┬ЖD* 7┬б0 ]@@ ┬ЖJH f┬г/4b1 ib+*┬бc+ f┬Ж┬Ш┬╕ i┬б@@ ┬гcD ,]JxA i┬░b0 M7 H4y@@ D* o4b1 h┬г┬Ы+ ,2x@@ ┬М┬ЫE i┬б┬г+ 2H]@@ 0 ]J]pgD ┬е4b@@ ┬Ш┬ЖE x@@ ~|┬Ы┬ЖC fDb┬▓* ┬дG b@@ ┬ШC f├В]┬ПD* ,]┬Хc┬ХD ┬д@@ ~6b~6&┬░* ┬е]@@ ┬г┬Х┬ПgD* 4w@@ ┬▒* f┬Ж┬Шm┬┤* ├Бbc┬┤* ┬ЬE ├Мj┬ТD

┬Р+*┬б┬АD* 2]┬ЖgE ┬Б┬г~z+ h┬г+H oH2yE ┬д0├ЙA h┬г+ ┬ЬE ┬З┬Ш┬╕ $b┬Ы+ ╧│ ┬РcJyD* 7┬б0 O ┬в┬ЮgF*H f┬М┬Хg┬║ f┬г┬ЫE5 ┬Ц0*xE ┬п 7┬б0 ┬Ч┬б@@ 0 b┬Ю┬Ж┬г┬Ш/ h┬МgD* ┬Ъ*]sg~6┬░* 2]┬ЖgE ┬в@@ ┬ЫcEH ╧н╧╡╧о╧о ┬Ъb< ┬а'Hb┬Ы+

╧н╧о╧╡ тАля╗зя╗дя║О╪╖ ╪зя╗Яя╗дя╗Мя╗дя║О╪▒я╗│я║Ф я╗Уя╗▓ ╪зя╗Яя╗дя║оя╗Ыя║░ ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓ я╗Уя╗▓ ╪▒╪з┘Е ╪зтАм/тАл╪зтАм

,x┬П~{D* ,4b0 ┬Н┬Х1 ┬Ъb┬ЖF* 4*2 ┬Ц1]E

╧н╧о╧┤

┬а2*]gE*H f├В]┬ПD* fJ]┬ХcD* ┬И4b~7 ┬п f~8bs+H ┬д@@ .*]┬▓* ├Б]┬┤* ╧о╧м ┬╖*┬б0 ┬Э%┬░* ┬дsJ4bgD* yCx┬┤* ┬е┬бpJH f/x┬▓* f┬П┬А┬ЫE ┬бpF ┬Б┬ПA ┬Ъ*]sg~6┬░* 2]┬ЖgE ┬в┬ЫcE

o3┬б┬Ш┬ЫD* *wG x┬Ю; ]@@ BH q┬Х~z┬┤* ┬Э┬б:bcD* ┬ЬE bK @ @jJ]0 bK @ @┬г)b~{F(* bK ┬П~8├ЙE f@@ ┬г~z┬г)xD* ┬И4*┬б@@ ~{D* ┬в┬Х< ┬ЬJx~{┬ЖD* ┬Эx@@ ┬ПD* ┬Ц@@ )*H&* ┬п ┬Б┬Ш┬ЫD* bK ~zCb< f├В]┬ПD* ,]┬ХcD* ┬О*x:&* ┬в┬Х< fJ4bmgD* ├Бb@@ c┬Ш┬ХD

┬Ъ*]sg~6(┬░* ,2]┬ЖgEH fEb┬ЖD*H fJ4bmgD* ├Бbc┬┤* ┬ЗJ5┬б-

M e t e rs 100

┬╖┬б┬АD* ┬е4b┬й ┬дsJ4b- ┬в┬ЫcE ┬Ъ*]sg~6┬░* 2]┬ЖgE ┬дsJ4b- ┬в┬ЫcE ┬Ъb< ┬дsJ4b- ┬в┬ЫcE ┬Щ)bB ┬дsJ4b- ┬в┬ЫcE ┬Ъ]┬ЮE ┬дsJ4b- ┬в┬ЫcE kJ]0 ┬в┬ЫcE

┬Ъ*]sg~6┬░* 2]┬ЖgE ┬дsJ4bgD* ┬в┬Ыc┬┤* 6═Ш4 ┬Р+b: ┬ЬE ┬Э┬б┬ТgJ ]BH ┬Я┬М)b;H 2]┬Жg+ ┬е4b┬Ш┬Ж┬┤* ┬Б┬Ш┬ЫD* *wG y┬г┬ШgJ ┬в┬Ыc┬ШC ,]< ┬Р+*┬б: ┬ЬE H&* ╧о╧н ┬в┬Ыc┬ШC ┬Оx┬ЙD* 2]┬ЖgE ]0*H fJ4b┬й ┬Чb┬╣ d┬Х=&┬░b+ ┬д~94&┬░* ┬Р@@ +b┬АD* ┬е┬бpJ k┬г0 E3

┬Р+*┬б┬АD* ┬Э┬б┬Тg-H ,├М@@ cC e*┬б+&b+ ┬И4b~{D* ┬в┬Х< qg┬М- f@@ ┬П~8├ЙgE ┬И4b~{D* ┬в┬Х< ┬Ц┬А- ibF┬б┬Т┬Хc+ d-b┬ТE H&* f@@ ┬г┬Ы┬Т~6 i┬б┬г+ ┬ЬE b┬г┬Х┬ЖD* fDb0 ┬п b┬ШC f┬г┬ЫJ]E ,b┬г┬▓ fJ*]+H o4b┬│* ┬бpF bK 0bg┬МF* f┬Х┬Т~{E b┬г┬Х┬ЖD* ┬Р+*┬б┬АD* ┬╢(* 2┬б┬Ж~|D* ┬ЩgJH A1 ├Г]┬ПD* fJ]┬ХcD* ┬в┬ЫcE ├Г]┬ПD* fJ]┬ХcD* ┬в┬ЫcE fDb0 ┬п b┬ШC ┬Ц~|┬М┬ЫE ┬Ц1]┬з o42 h┬г+ ┬ЬE ├Бbc┬┤* ┬п b┬ШC ┬д@@ /4b1 o4]@@ + H&* D1 x@@ ┬ПF&┬░* 4*2H A1

┬е4b┬Ш┬Ж┬┤* ┬Б┬Ш┬ЫD* *w@@ ┬ЮD ┬д)b~{F(┬░* ┬Ъb@@ ┬Г┬ЫD* b@@ E&* E5 H ^╧о

┬в┬Ыc┬┤* ┬З┬ШmJ ]BH fJ]J]┬▓* xE*H]D* H&* f┬гc┬г┬Х~|D* 2┬б@@ ┬П┬ЖD* ┬б┬ЮA fc~|F i┬░b┬▓* ┬Ь@@ E ├МjC ┬п ┬в┬Ыc┬┤* ┬б@@ ┬Х┬ЖJ ]BH bK ┬ЖE ├Н@@ +┬б┬Х~6&┬░* bK Eb┬ГF ┬е┬б@@ pJ fJ]┬ХcD* ┬в┬ЫcE ┬Э&* ┬аx@@ C3 xJ]┬▒* ┬Ь@@ EH ]@@ ┬гExB

┬╖┬б┬АD* ┬е4bmgD* ┬дsJ4bgD* ┬в┬Ыc┬┤* 5═Ш4 yCx┬┤* ┬п f@@ J4bmgD* ┬Сx┬АD* ┬в┬Х< ┬е4b@@ ┬Ш┬Ж┬┤* o3┬б┬Ш┬ЫD* *w@@ G ┬З┬ПJ ib┬Ю/*┬бD* i*3 @@ 7*┬б0&┬░*H ├Бb@@ c┬┤* 8*├Ж- k@@ ┬г0 ┬д@@ sJ4bgD* ┬ЬE f┬П~8├ЙgE ,]< fJ4b┬й ┬Э5b@@ ┬║ ┬ЬE ┬НD'┬бE ┬бGH f@@ J4bmgD* bE K,2b<H ,├МcC e*┬б+&b+ ┬И4b~{D* ┬в┬Х< qg┬М- ┬Б┬ПA ]0*H ┬Р@@ +b: fJ]J]0 xE*H2 H&* f┬гc┬г┬Х~8 2┬б@@ ┬П< ┬ЬE ┬д)b~{F(┬░* ┬Ъb┬Г┬ЫD* ┬Э┬б@@ ┬ТgJ ┬п b┬ШC ]┬гExB ib@@ c~|F i┬░b┬▓* ┬ЬE ├МjC ┬п ┬в@@ ┬Ыc┬┤* ┬б┬Х┬ЖJ ]@@ BH i├Йp┬Ш┬ХD 4┬б┬Ю; ┬ЧH&* ┬Э&* ]┬Пg┬ЖJH ╧о H A8 H ╧о ├Бb@@ c┬┤* exD* ┬д┬Х┬й xJ2 ┬ЪbE&* x~{< ┬З~6bgD* ┬Эx@@ ┬ПD* fJb┬ЮF ┬ЭbC fJ4bmgD* f├В]┬ПD* ,]┬ХcD* ┬О*x:&* ┬в┬Х< bK Bx~7 i]gE*H zC3┬б.4&┬░* ┬ЪHx┬ХD f├В]┬ПD* fJ]┬ХcD* ┬И4b@@ ~7 ┬╢(* bK +┬б┬Ы/H ,4b@@ ┬Ы┬┤* 4*H2 ┬╢(* ┬░K ┬б@@ ~8H bK J4b┬й ├ЙK ┬╣ ╧░╧м ┬в┬Х< ]JyJ bE ┬Э%┬░* ┬дsJ4bgD* yCx┬┤* ┬е┬бpJH

8*├ЖD* f┬П┬А┬ЫE 2H]0

Y╧о╧о ┬Ъ*]sg~6┬░* 2]┬ЖgE ┬дsJ4bgD* ┬в┬Ыc┬┤*

131 тАля╗зя╗дя║О╪╖ ╪зя╗Яя╗дя╗Мя╗дя║О╪▒я╗│я║Ф я╗Уя╗▓ ╪зя╗Яя╗дя║оя╗Ыя║░ ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓ я╗Уя╗▓ ╪▒╪з┘Е ╪зтАм/тАл╪зтАм

╧о ┬╖┬б: ┬е4b┬й ┬дsJ4b- ┬в┬ЫcE тАл╪пя╗Яя╗┤я╗Ю ╪зя╗Яя║дя╗Фя║О╪╕ я╗Ля╗ая╗░ ╪зя╗Яя╗дя║оя╗Ыя║░ ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓ я╗Уя╗▓ ╪▒╪з┘Е ╪зтАм

╧н╧п╧м

┬ЬJx~{┬ЖD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ┬Н~|g┬ЫE ├БbcE 9═Ш4

┬дsJ4bgD* yCx┬┤* ┬п ┬ЬJx~{┬ЖD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ┬Н~|g┬ЫE ├БbcEH f┬гE]┬│* i*$b~{F(┬░*H ,]Jx┬МD* ┬Вb┬┐┬░* i*3 ├Бbc┬┤* ┬ЗJ5┬б-

┬Щ┬гG*x+* 4*2 ┬И

4b~7

┬д~z┬г)xD* ┬И4b~{

M e t e rs 100

f┬Х┬Пg~zE i┬б@@ ┬г+ ┬ЬE ┬Ь@@ Jx~{┬ЖD* ┬Эx@@ ┬ПD* ┬Н~|g┬ЫE ├Бb@@ cE ┬И┬б@@ ┬Ыg y┬г┬Шg-H ┬Ъ*]@@ sg~6┬░* ,2]┬ЖgE i*4b@@ ┬Ш<H f@@ ┬г┬Ы┬Т~6 i*4b@@ ┬Ш< ┬╢(* ┬У@@ ┬г+bc~{D*H o4]@@ D* i┬б@@ ┬г+H f@@ ┬П┬г~┬жD* i*]@@ Fx┬МDb+ b@@ ┬Ю┬Ш┬Г┬ЖE ┬Щ@@ ┬г┬Ш~|gD* ┬п f@@ ┬г┬ПA&┬░* ┬В┬б@@ ┬А┬│* ┬в@@ ┬Х< ]@@ ┬гC&bg@D*H f@@ ┬гD┬б┬АD* i┬б┬гcD* ┬ЬJx~{┬ЖD* ┬Эx@@ ┬ПD* ib┬г┬Ы┬гg~6H ib┬г┬Ы┬г~z┬Ш1 ┬п h@@ ┬г┬Ы+ ]@@ BH f┬ПJ]p+ f:bp┬┤*H ,]@@ < ┬Р+*┬б: H&* ┬Р+b: ┬ЬE fF┬б┬Т┬┤* f@@ ┬Х┬Пg~z┬┤* i├Д< ┬дgD* f┬г┬Ы┬Т~zD* ┬Р@ @ ┬П~{D* ┬ЬE fF┬б┬Т┬┤* i*4b@@ ┬Ш┬ЖD*H f┬гDy┬ЫE Q ┬Ъb┬Г┬ЫD*H $b┬ЫcD* f┬г┬Ы┬П-H f┬г=*x┬МD* b┬Ю-b┬ЫJ┬б┬Тg+ f@@ .*]┬▓* ┬Б┬┐ ┬Ь< 4┬б~z/ ┬в┬Х< fD┬б┬Ш┬╣ q┬Х~zE ┬Э┬б:b+ ,]┬П< ┬ЬE kJ]┬▓* ┬д)b~{F(┬░* ,2]┬ЖgE ├Бb@@ c┬┤* bE&* f@@ ┬гFb~6*x┬│* ,]@@ ┬Ш<&┬░*H ┬Э┬б@@ :bcD* ┬Ь@@ E f┬П┬А┬Ы┬┤* ┬п f┬г~z┬г)xD* ┬И4*┬б@@ ~{D* ┬в┬Х< h@@ ┬Ш┬гB&* ]┬ПA ┬Ъ*]@@ sg~6┬░* ┬д~94&┬░* ┬Р+b┬АD* ┬Э┬б@@ ┬Т-H ,]< ┬Р+*┬б: ┬ЬE h┬МD&b-H f@@ ┬гsJ4bgD* ┬И4b~{D* ┬в@@ ┬Х< qg┬М- f@@ ┬П~8├ЙgE fJ4b┬й ┬Э5b@@ ┬║ ┬ЬE d@@ ┬Х=&┬░b+ H&* f┬г┬Ы┬Т~6 ┬Р┬П~7 ┬ЬE hF┬б┬ТgA b┬г┬Х┬ЖD* ┬Р+*┬б┬АD* bE&* ,├МcC e*┬б+&b+ o4]D* h┬г+ ┬РJx: ┬Ь< b┬Ю┬гD(* ┬Ч┬б~8┬бD* ┬ЩgJ d-b┬ТE

,]JxA ┬Вb┬┐&* ┬ЬJx~{┬ЖD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ┬Н~|g┬ЫE ┬в┬ЫcE f┬гE]1 i*$b~{F(* ┬Щ)bB ┬дsJ4b- ┬в┬ЫcE ┬Ъ]┬ЮE ┬дsJ4b- ┬в┬ЫcE kJ]0 ┬в┬ЫcE

,]JxA ┬Вb┬┐&* 8═Ш4 ┬п f├В]┬ПD* ,]┬ХcD* ┬п bK ┬гDb0 b┬ЮD ┬Ц┬гjE ]/┬бJ ┬░ f┬г┬Ы┬Т~6 i┬б┬г+ ┬дGH bK J4b┬Ш┬ЖE bK ┬А┬┐ ┬Ц┬Т~{gD 4x┬Тg- ┬╡H ┬д=*x┬МD* H&* ┬е4b┬Ш┬Ж┬┤* b┬Ю┬ЫJ┬б┬Т M┬ЭbcE ┬Ь@@ E $*y/&* b┬Ю~┬ж┬Ж+ h@@ ┬Х┬Т~7 i┬░b@@ 0 ┬З~z- ┬д@@ GH bK @ @p~9*H ,2x┬М┬ЫE ┬Эb@@ cE H&* t╧о╧м H <╧н╧░ ├Бb@@ c┬┤* ┬п b@@ ┬ШC f@@ ┬Ж┬Ш┬╕ ┬дG ┬ЩG&┬░* fDb┬▓* ┬Э┬б┬Т- ]BH E╧о H ╧н╧о ├Н@@ ┬г┬Ыc┬┤* ┬п b┬ШC ┬еy┬г┬Х┬╜(┬░* ┬Чy┬Ы┬┤* ┬д=*x┬МD* ┬Я┬ЖJ5┬б- ┬Яc~{J k┬г0 ╧н╧о ┬в┬ЫcE ┬Оx=H ┬Ц1]┬┤* ]┬Ы< ┬д┬Х1*2 o4]+ ├Н┬Х.b┬ШgE ├Н┬П+b: ┬ЬE ┬Э┬б@@ ┬ТgJH ┬ЯcFb/ ┬в┬Х<

fJ]┬ХcD* ┬И4b~7

┬Ц┬Ю~zD* ┬И

4b~7

┬ЪHxD* xJ2 ┬И4b~7

f┬гE]┬│* i*$b~{F(┬░* 7═Ш4 dFb/ ┬╢(* i]┬гQ ~7 ┬Щ@@ m┬▓* ,├М┬Й~8 i*$b~{F(* ┬Ь@@ < ,4bc< ┬дGH ┬НJb┬П~zDbC b┬ЮD ib@@ E]sC b┬Ю┬ЫE ex┬ПDb+ H&* f@@ ┬гsJ4bgD* ├Бb@@ c┬┤* b┬Ю-b/┬бg┬ЫEH f<*4yD* i*H2&┬░ bK Fy┬║ H&* x)b┬ГpC ┬Ъ]sg~z- ┬дgD* ┬Э*4]/ ┬ЬE b┬Ю┬Ш┬Г┬ЖE ┬п ┬д@@ GH fJ]┬г┬Х┬ПgD* ┬Э*xA&┬░* ├Н@@ +*┬б┬АD*H ╧о╧░ ┬в┬ЫcE ┬Чb@@ 0 ┬п b┬ШC ┬Щ┬Гg┬Ы┬┤* ├М= xm┬▓* ┬Ь@@ E fJxm0 ┬аwG ┬ЬE ┬Ц┬г┬ХB 2]< ┬в┬Х< I┬б~6 ┬дsJ4bgD* yCx┬┤* ┬е┬бgpJ ]@@ ┬ЖJ ┬╡H b┬Ю┬ЫE ├Мj┬ТD* ┬Ъ]┬Ю-H kJ]pgD*H $b┬ЫcD* ┬Чb┬Ш<&* dc~z+ i*$b~{F(┬░* ┬Э*┬б┬г┬ХD* i┬б┬гcD b┬Ю┬Ш┬Г┬ЖEH M┬б@ @g~zE ┬Н┬П~6 H3 ┬бG b┬Ю┬ЫE ┬в┬Пc- b@@ EH f┬Ж┬ШQ m┬┤* ├Бbc┬┤* ┬ж┬Ж+ ┬п ]/┬б- ]BH

┬дsJ4bgD* yCx┬┤* ┬п 8*├ЖD* f┬П┬А┬ЫE 2H]0 S6 b ┬ЬJx~{┬ЖD* ┬Эx┬ПD* ┬Н~|g┬ЫE ┬ЬE ┬в┬ЫcE

133 тАля╗зя╗дя║О╪╖ ╪зя╗Яя╗дя╗Мя╗дя║О╪▒я╗│я║Ф я╗Уя╗▓ ╪зя╗Яя╗дя║оя╗Ыя║░ ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗▓ я╗Уя╗▓ ╪▒╪з┘Е ╪зтАм/тАл╪зтАм

╧н╧п╧о

¤sJ4bgD* yCx´* ¯ ibQ£ D*H f mO´* f£ +&°*H fcCx´* i¡£cD* J5¡-

¤sJ4bgD* yCx´* ¯ f gs´* fJ4b ´* b¿&°* J5¡-

M e t e rs 100 0

M e t e rs 100

£G*x+* 4*2

4b~7

¤~z£)xD* 4b~

{D*

]0*¡D* I¡g~z´* H3 £~z+ h£+ ¤0ÉA h£+ oH2yE ¤0ÉA h£+ bK £D¡: ]g» £~z+ h£+ +*¡ D* 2] gE £~z+ h£+ *¡£D h£+

dCxE h£+ dCx´* h£cD* 2H]0 ¸ $b + O mO´* $b cD* 2H]0 fQ£ < )bB ¤sJ4b- ¢ cE ] E ¤sJ4b- ¢ cE kJ]0 ¢ cE

fJ] cD* 4b~7

~zD*

4b~7

HxD* xJ2 4b~7

·¡ D* ¥4b© ¤sJ4b- ¢ cE *]sg~6°* 2] gE ¤sJ4b- ¢ cE b< ¤sJ4b- ¢ cE ,]JxA b¿&* ¤E]1 $b~{F(* Jx~{ D* x D* ~|g E ¢ cE ] E ¤sJ4b- ¢ cE kJ]0 ¢ cE ¤sJ4bgD* yCx´* ¯ 8*ÆD* f E 2H]0

¤sJ4bgD* yCx´* ¯ 8*ÆD* f E 2H]0

135

‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا‬

134

Ñ* *4 ¯ ¤sJ4bgD* yCx´* 1*2 f£sJ4bgD* fJ4b ´* b¿&ÉD ¤p£~9¡- H]/

·¡ D* ]g ´* £~zcD* h£cD*

7¡0 E ¸ $b + O

+*¡ D* 2] gE £~zcD* h£cD*

7¡0 H]+ ¸ $b + O

137 ‫ﻧﻤﺎط اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا‬/‫ا‬

¤.É. *¡£D h£+

¤~6b 1 *¡£D h£+

mO´* $b cD*

*¡£ D* h£+

Jx~{ D* x D* ~|g E ÁbcE

oH2y´* ¤0É D* h£cD*

,]JxA b¿&*

]0*¡D* I¡g~z´* H3 £~zcD* h£cD*

fJH*xD* h£+ ¤0É D* h£cD*

7¡0 E dCxE h£+

*¡£ D* h£+

7¡0 H]+ dCxE h£+

dCx´* h£cD*

f£E]³* i%b~{F(°*

*]sg~6°* 2] gE ¤sJ4bgD* ¢ c´*

·¡ D* ¥4bmgD* ¤sJ4bgD* ¢ c´* ‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا‬

136

cJyD* 7¡0

cJyD* f£ <

Q28

Q27

Q26

Q25

Q22

B4-B5

Q21

Q18

B19

Q17

B22

Q8-Q14

10 meters

b £Fbc´ f gs´* fJ4b ´* b¿&°*H f£+x D* ,x ~{D* 4b~7 f /*H ¢ <&°* ¯ b £Fbc´ f gs´* fJ4b ´* b¿&°*H f£+x D* HxD* xJ2 4b~7 f /*H E E ~6&°* ¯

139 ‫ﻧﻤﺎط اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا‬/‫ا‬

‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا‬

138

‫‪E1‬‬

‫‪10 meters‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪E2‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪E3‬‬

‫‪A1‬‬

‫‪A2-A8‬‬

‫‪A9‬‬

‫‪A12‬‬

‫‪A13‬‬

‫‪A14‬‬

‫‪A16‬‬

‫‪A21‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪b £Fbc´ f gs´* fJ4b ´* b¿&°*H f£+x D* fJ] cD* 4b~7 f /*H‬‬

‫‪ϭϰϬ‬‬

‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا ‬

‫ا‪/‬ﻧﻤﺎط اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا ‪141‬‬

¤sJ4bgD* yCx´* ¯ f£sJ4bgD* Ábc D ¤~94&°* +b D* f:4b1

1 f ´* ¯ f£sJ4bgD* Ábc D ¤~94&°* +b D* f:4b1 I14

I23

f 0ÉD* f£ £ pgD* f~6*4] D ,4bgs´* x~{< lÉjD* Ábc´* b £ < x - b C I16

a I13

J9 J8

J10

I17

I13 b

I12

I18

I10

J11

I19

I11

J12 I22

I20

J1 J13

W21

J2 H4

F14

f£~zC3¡.4&°* ,Ä ´*

F10

F16 G7

F17

F11

J3 I5

F12

G21

G13

G14 G11

G16

G17

G18

E7 E8

C+1

D8 D4

D10

S4 B17

C20 C19

143 ‫ﻧﻤﺎط اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا‬/‫ا‬

@@ gJ µ ¤@@ sJ4b- ¢@@ cE 1*]D* E p~zE

kJ]0 ¢ cE p~zE gJ µ ¤sJ4b- ¢ cE 1*]D* E

fJ] cD* 4b~7

D2 C24

B13

] E ¤sJ4b- ¢ cE

A1 C22

G15

D4 G10

G19

G10

r] B 7¡0

G20

Q31

¥x D* Eb±*

G21

G12

G5 G2

J10

30 meters

] E ¤sJ4b- ¢ cE

kJ]0 ¢ cE

‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا‬

ϭϰϮ

3 f ´* ¯ f£sJ4bgD* Ábc D ¤~94&°* +b D* f:4b1 P14

K19

Ϯ f ´* ¯ f£sJ4bgD* Ábc D ¤~94&°* +b D* f:4b1

P13 P11

P10

O18

x+b/ 4*2

O16

Q29

L2 Q2

Q30

Q12

Q18

Q14

Q15

Í-ÉD* xJ2 iÉ¹ ,xJ] D* ¤0

f£/4] D* 4b~7

Q17 R7 Q21

Q22 Q26

Q24

Q28

4b~{D*

Q16

Q20 Q23

Q27

Q11 Q10

4s L8

O13

xD*

Q4 Q13

Q19

¤~z£)

Q25

HxD* xJ2 4b~7

f p´* f£Fb j D*

R10 O17

HxD* xJ2

R13

b~|D* 4*2

~zD*

4b~7

R11

T12

R12 K17

K18

] E ¤sJ4b- ¢ cE

145 ‫ﻧﻤﺎط اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا‬/‫ا‬

@@ gJ µ ¤@@ sJ4b- ¢@@ cE 1*]D* E p~zE

kJ]0 ¢ cE

30 meters

K19

H4yD* 4*2

P15 P12

O12

P5 P16

] E ¤sJ4b- ¢ cE

P8 P7

@@ gJ µ ¤@@ sJ4b- ¢@@ cE 1*]D* E p~zE

kJ]0 ¢ cE

30 meters

‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا‬

144

‫‪4 meters‬‬

‫‪146‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪ kNL+}H+ m«, ¬1Ò H+ m«hH+‬‬

‫‪b1+¨H+ M¨l ½+ L4 « hH+ m«hH+‬‬

‫‪kh I I « hH+ m«hH+‬‬

‫ ‪J10‬‬

‫‪W21‬‬

‫‪G10‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا ‬

‫ا‪/‬ﻧﻤﺎط اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا ‪147‬‬

‫‪tL3 ½+ ¬1Ò H+ m«hH+‬‬

‫‪ ,+¨ H+ 3b lI « hH+ m«hH+‬‬

‫‪ ϭϯ‬‬

‫‪B17‬‬

‫‪oPH Ry PE bc~7‬‬ ‫‪4 meters‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪4 meters‬‬

‫‪148‬‬

‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا ‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫ا‪/‬ﻧﻤﺎط اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا ‪149‬‬

‫‪ϭϱϬ‬‬

‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا ‬

‫‪ k«Jg o H+ k u½+ À¨ H+ bl ½+ m«hH+‬‬

‫‪ wb¢F 5+3 8¨1 8¨1 I iG}½+ %g¢hH+‬‬

‫‪R9‬‬

‫‪D4‬‬

‫ا‪/‬ﻧﻤﺎط اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا ‪151‬‬

‫‪ϭϱϮ‬‬

‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا ‬

‫‪ g,ghH+ k« = 8¨1 ¤Lb, iG}½+ m«hH+‬‬

‫‪ 7g,5bH+ 5+3 ¤+¨« H+ m«,‬‬

‫‪C22‬‬

‫‪H4‬‬

‫ا‪/‬ﻧﻤﺎط اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا ‪153‬‬

‫‪ Ê¨ r H+ 8¨1 8¨1 I Á %g¢,‬‬ ‫‪S4‬‬

‫‪154‬‬

‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا ‬

‫ا‪/‬ﻧﻤﺎط اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا ‪155‬‬

‫‪ 8¨1 ¤Lb, Á %g¢,‬‬

‫‪À¨ H+ 5grlH+ ¬xN5glH+ ©¢h½+‬‬

‫ ‪/ϱͲ/ϲ‬‬

‫‪ ϮͲ ϴ‬‬

‫‪4 meters‬‬

‫‪156‬‬

‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا ‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫ا‪/‬ﻧﻤﺎط اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا ‪157‬‬

‫‪ Ìb H+ kNb hH+ ©¢hI ¡+bxl 7¹+ 3b lI ¬xN5glH+ ©¢h½+‬‬ ‫‪A1‬‬

‫‪5‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ رام ا‪$‬‬

‫‪4 meters‬‬

‫‪158‬‬

‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا ‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪159‬‬

├Ъ+ ┬б+5 ┬мE k┬лxN5glH+ kN5g┬Я┬Н┬ЯH+ }┬Е9g┬в┬НH+ ═Ш╧▒ ┬ЬE ┬Ь┬Т├В ┬д@@ gD* f┬Й┬ХD* b@@ ┬Ю┬Х┬Шm┬з f@@ J4b┬Ш┬Ж┬┤* x@@ ~8b┬Ы┬ЖD* ┬Ц┬Т@@ ~{ ┬Ъ*4 ┬п ,2┬б@@ /┬б┬┤* fJ4b┬Ш┬Ж┬┤* 5x@@ ┬АD*H ┬Вb@@ ┬┐&┬░* ,$*x@@ B b@@ ┬ЮD├Й1 ┬ЗcgJ k┬г0 b@@ Gx┬Ю┬Г┬┤ bK ┬Жc- f@@ ┬гsJ4bgD* ├Бb@@ c┬┤* ┬Н@@ ┬г┬Ы~|-H ├С* Ix1&* M┬ЭbcE ┬ЗE ┬Ф4b@@ ~{gJ bE]┬Ы< bK ┬Ы┬г┬ЖE bK J4b┬Ш┬ЖE *K 5*x@@ : ┬в┬Ыc┬┤* ┬аwG hFbC ┬Э(*H f┬Ы┬г┬ЖE f┬гsJ4b- ,├ЖA ┬п i*y┬г┬┤* ┬ЬE f<┬б┬Шm┬з b┬Ю┬Х~|A H&* b┬Ю┬Ш┬г~z┬П- ┬Ь┬Т├В ┬░H ├МcC ┬Ц┬Т~{+ bK ┬г┬ЫE5 ┬Ц1*]g- 5x┬АD* ┬ж┬Ж+ 4┬б┬Аg- ┬Зcg- b┬Ы┬Ы┬Т├В ┬Я@@ F(bA ┬З:bBH q~9*H ┬Ц┬Т~{+ b@@ ┬Ю┬МJx┬Ж-H ┬д=*x┬МD*H ┬╖b┬Ш┬▒* 4┬б┬АgD* bG4┬б┬А- ┬РA*4 ┬Н┬гCH x~8b┬Ы┬ЖD* ┬аwG ┬дsJ4bgD* yCx┬┤* ├Бbc┬┤ ┬д┬М┬г;┬бD*H

f┬гsJ4bgD* fJ4b┬Ш┬Ж┬┤* x~8b┬Ы┬ЖD* ┬Вbc┬Ыg~6* ┬╢(* ┬Щ@@ ~z┬ПD* *wG ┬О]┬ЮJ ┬аwG ┬ЬE ├М@@ j┬ТD* 9x┬Жg- k@@ ┬г0 b@@ ┬Ю┬М┬г┬Ы~|-H b@@ ┬Ю┬МJx┬Ж-H f@@ ┬Ш┬Ю┬┤* ┬Э┬б┬ТJ ]B ,]< eb@@ c~6&┬░ ┬ЯJ┬б~{gD*H f@@ D*5(├ЙD fJ4b┬Ш┬Ж┬┤* x@@ ~8b┬Ы┬ЖD* ┬в┬Ыc┬┤* tJ4b- ,$*x@@ B ┬п bG4H2H b┬Юg┬г┬ШG&b+ fAx┬Ж┬┤* ┬Ъ]@@ < b┬Ю┬ШG&* f┬г<b┬Шg/┬░*H f┬гAb┬ПjD*H fJ4b┬Ш┬Ж┬┤* ┬ЯgJ┬бG ]J]┬л ┬пH

f┬ШJ]┬ПD* ,]┬ХcD* ┬дF┬б┬Хm┬ЖD* zJx/ zD┬б+ 4*2 ┬дA ┬Ц1]┬ШD* 6┬бB f┬Х┬г~|┬М- ┬в┬Х<&┬░* ┬дA f┬ШJ]┬ПD* ,]┬ХcD* x┬ПF&┬░* 4*2 ┬ЬE ┬Э┬б┬Т┬Х+ f┬Х┬г~|┬М- ┬Ц┬М~6&┬░* ┬дA

161 тАл╪зя╗Яя╗Мя╗ия║Оя║╗я║о ╪зя╗Яя╗дя╗Мя╗дя║О╪▒я╗│я║Ф ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗┤я║Ф я╗Уя╗▓ ╪▒╪з┘Е ╪зтАм

┬дF┬б┬Хm┬ЖD* 7┬б0 ┬ЬE S4 oH2y┬ШD* ┬д0├Й┬МD* h┬гcD*

╧н╧▓╧м

├С* ┬Ъ*4 ┬п ┬дsJ4bgD* yCx┬┤* ┬Ц1*2 f┬гsJ4bgD* fJ4b┬Ш┬Ж┬┤* x~8b┬Ы┬Ж┬ХD ┬дp┬г~9┬б- ┬ЧH]/

тАл╪зя╗Яя║╕я║оя╗Уя║О╪к ┘И╪зя╗Яя║Тя╗ая╗Ья╗оя╗зя║О╪ктАм

f┬Х~|gE f┬г/4b1 i*x┬╗ H&* ┬в┬Ыc┬┤* 4*]/ ┬ЬE 5├Д- ib@@ c┬А~|E bE(*H fBH4&* bE(*H f┬ХEb0 @@ 6*┬бB&b+ bE(* fE┬б<]E ┬Э┬б┬Т-H o*42&b+ ┬ЬE ,2]┬ЖgE ┬Чb┬Т@@ ~7&b+H f@@ ┬М┬Хg┬║ 2*┬б@@ E ┬ЬE f@@ <┬б┬Ы~|E ]@@ Fb~zE f┬гg┬Ы┬Ш~6(* i*]┬П< bE(*H f@@ J]J]0 4┬б~z/ bE(*H fJxm0 y@@ JH*x+ ┬ЬE ┬И┬б┬Ы~|E ┬Оx1yE ┬ЬJy+*4]+ f:b┬╣ ,2b< ┬Э┬б┬Т-H t@@ D(* ┬Я)b~{F(* ,├ЖA ┬в┬Х< ]┬Шg┬Ж- ┬Чb┬Т~7&* H&* 2*┬бE

163 тАл╪зя╗Яя╗Мя╗ия║Оя║╗я║о ╪зя╗Яя╗дя╗Мя╗дя║О╪▒я╗│я║Ф ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║ия╗┤я║Ф я╗Уя╗▓ ╪▒╪з┘Е ╪зтАм

тАл╪п╪▒╪з╪м ╪зя╗Яя║дя║ая║оя╗│я║ФтАм/тАл╪зтАм

тАл╪зя╗Яя║╕я║Тя║Оя║Ся╗┤я╗Ъ ┘И╪зя╗Яя╗Дя║Оя╗Чя║О╪ктАм

тАля║Ся╗о╪з╪итАм/тАл╪зя╗Яя╗дя║к╪зя║зя╗Ю ┘И╪зтАм

тАл╪зя╗Яя║ая║к╪▒╪з┘Ж ┘И╪пя╗Чя║О╪к ╪зя╗Яя║дя║ая║отАм

тАля║│я╗Дя║втАм/тАля║│я╗Шя╗Т ┘И╪зтАм/тАл╪зтАм

ibJ┬бg~z┬┤* ┬Б+x- f@@ Jxm0 fc/ ┬ЬE fJ2┬б┬Ш< f@@ J4b┬Ш┬ЖE x~8b┬Ы< ┬Ц~|g- bE ,2b<H ┬ж┬ЖcD* b┬Ю~┬ж┬Жc+ f┬г┬Ы+&┬░* ┬ЬE f┬М┬Хgs┬┤* $*y/&┬░*H h┬г+H ┬д0├Й┬МD* h┬гcD* ┬п b┬ШC f┬г┬Х1*2 bE(* ┬дGH f┬П┬Х┬ЖE i*x┬Ш┬з ┬Р+*┬б┬АD* 2]┬Жg┬┤* ┬Б┬г~zcD* h┬гcD* ┬п b┬ШC f┬г/4b1 bE(*H ┬Э*┬б@@ ┬г┬ХD* ┬Ц┬Ш~{-H bK ┬П0┬░ ix┬Ю; ┬дgD* f┬Х┬Пg~z┬┤* o4]D* i┬б┬г+ bK ~┬жJ&* ┬Ц┬Ш~{-H 6*┬бB&* H&* fg┬Ш~|E ┬Э*4]/ ┬ЬE b┬ЮD f┬ХEb┬▓* x@@ ~8b┬Ы┬ЖD* o*42&┬░* fJ]J]0 xE*H2 H&* fBH4&* H&* f┬ХEb0

bG]J]┬л ┬Щ@@ gJ ┬д@@ gD* ┬в@@ ┬Ыc┬┤* ┬п f@@ J┬б┬ЮgD*H ,$b@@ ~9(┬░* ib@@ pgA ┬Фbc~{D* b@@ J*H5H ┬Б┬Ш┬ПD* H&* @@ 6┬б┬ПD* ,4b@@ m0 H&* ┬Н@@ ┬гB*┬б~z+ ┬Ц┬г~8b┬МgD* ┬З@@ ┬г┬Ш/H f@@ /H2y┬┤* ┬У@@ ┬г+bc~{┬ХD ,├Ж@@ ~6]D* x@@ m0H ┬У┬г+bc~{D* ┬Ц┬Ш~{-H bG├М=H ┬О4b@@ 15 ┬ЬE ,54bcD* fJ4b┬Ш┬Ж┬┤* H&* ┬Щ┬г┬Пg~zE ┬О┬бBb~z+ f┬г<b+xD*H f┬г.├ЙjD*H f@@ /H2y┬┤*H ,2x┬М┬Ы┬┤* bK ~┬жJ&* ┬Ц┬Ш~{- b┬ШC ┬Щ@@ ┬г┬Пg~zE ┬Б┬Ш┬П+ H&* ┬Ц┬Т~{D* f<┬б┬ЫgE @@ 6*┬бB&b+ ibBb┬АD*

┬Яc~7 H&* ┬Ъb@@ ┬ЖD* y┬г┬▓* ┬ЬE ┬Чb@@ ┬ПgF┬░* ┬п f@@ E]sg~z┬┤* ib@@ pg┬МD* fJxm0 ┬З┬АB f@@ ┬А~6*┬б+ 2]┬л ┬дgD* @@ 8b┬│* y┬г┬▓* ┬╢(* ┬Ъb@@ ┬ЖD* bJ*HyD*H rbg┬М┬┤* xm0H ┬Б┬Ш┬ПD* H&* 6┬б┬П┬ХD ┬Н┬П~7H ┬Н@@ ┬гB*┬б~6 ┬ЬE ┬О4b15 ┬ЬE f┬ПA*xE Ix1&* fJ4b┬Ш┬ЖE ┬Ц┬г~8b┬М- ┬е&*H ┬Н@@ ┬П~{D*

ib+*┬б+H f┬г.├ЙjD* ┬Ц1*]┬┤*H ,2x┬М┬Ы┬┤* e*┬б+&┬░* ┬Ц┬Ш~{-H b@@ G├М=H fJ4bmgD* i├Йp┬┤* e*┬б+&*H 7*┬б0&┬░*

$b┬ЫcD* ┬Сx┬А+ h┬г┬Ы+ ┬дgD* ┬д)b~{F(┬░* ┬Ъb┬Г┬ЫD* ┬п f@@ J2┬б┬Ш┬ЖD* x~8b┬Ы┬ЖD* f┬г┬Х1*]D* ┬З:*┬б┬ПD* ┬╢(* fAb~9(* ├Г]┬ПD* ┬Э┬б:bcD* ┬ЬE H&* f@@ J]┬г┬Х┬ПgD* ibB2 bE&* ┬Э*┬б@@ ┬г┬ХD* i┬б@@ ┬г+ ┬п ix┬Ю; ┬д@@ gD* f@@ ├В]┬ПD* f@@ ┬гg┬Ы┬Ш~6(┬░* f┬г~6b~6&┬░* $b┬ЫcD* ,2b@@ E f┬▒b┬ЖE b┬ЮF&b+ ┬Оx┬ЖgA ┬Э*4]m┬ХD x@@ m┬▓* fJ4b┬Ш┬Ж┬┤* ib@@ ┬Ю/*┬бD* ┬Ь@@ J┬б┬Т- ┬п ┬╖b@@ ┬Ш/ x@@ ~|┬Ы┬ЖC xm┬▓* ┬д@@ GH ┬Щ~z┬Ш~z┬┤* x@@ m┬▓*H ┬Р@@ ┬Х┬МD* xm0 ┬Ц@@ ┬Ш~{-H f@@ ┬гsJ4bgD* ├Бb@@ c┬Ш┬ХD q~6b┬┤* x@@ m┬▓*H x@@ m┬МE {┬А┬Х┬┤* x@@ m┬▓*H f@@ c┬А┬┤* x@@ m0H f┬ХE5 ┬ЗE ┬С┬бB]┬┤* xm┬▓*H

┬ЬE ┬д)b~{F(┬░* ]@@ ┬П┬Ж┬ХD ┬д┬Х1*]D* ┬Я/┬бD* ┬Я@@ F&b+ ┬Н┬П~zD* ┬Оx@@ ┬ЖJ ┬Н┬П~6&*H fJ]J]0 xE*H2H f┬г┬Х┬гEx+ ┬Н@@ ~|FH f┬Ж:b┬ПgE 2┬б┬П< ┬Я/┬бD* ┬б@@ ┬ЮA q┬А~zD* b@@ E*& q@@ ┬Х~z┬┤* ┬Э┬б:bcD* ┬Ь@@ E f@@ J┬бg~zE q┬А~6&*H eb@@ cB ┬ЬE ┬в@@ ┬Ыc┬Ш┬ХD ┬д@@ )b~{F(┬░* ]@@ ┬П┬Ж┬ХD ┬д@@ /4b┬│* ]┬гEx┬ПD* ibc~|FH fJ┬бg~zE H&* fp┬А┬Х┬МE

тАл╪гя╗Ля╗дя║О┘Д ╪зя╗Яя║ия║╕я║РтАм

тАл╪гя╗Ля╗дя║О┘Д ╪зя╗Яя║дя║кя╗│я║к ┘И╪зя╗Яя╗дя╗Мя║к┘ЖтАм

тАл╪зя╗Яя║░я║зя║О╪▒┘Б ┘И╪зя╗Яя╗ия╗Шя╗о╪┤тАм

тАл╪зя╗Яя║Шя╗Фя║Оя║╗я╗┤я╗Ю ╪зя╗Яя╗дя╗Мя╗дя║О╪▒я╗│я║Ф ╪зя╗Яя║Тя║О╪▒╪▓╪йтАм

тАл╪▒я║┐я╗┤я║О╪к ┘И╪зя╗Яя║Шя║Тя╗ая╗┤я╗ВтАм/тАл╪зтАм

e*┬б+&* ┬ЬE d~{┬│* ┬Ь@@ E f<┬б┬Ы~|┬┤* fg+bjD* fJ4b┬Ш┬Ж┬┤* x@@ ~8b┬Ы┬ЖD* ┬Э*4]┬▒* ib┬г┬Ы0 ┬п ib┬г┬Х┬Ш┬ЫD*H i*4┬б/b+&*H ┬У┬г+bc~7H

┬Э]┬Ж┬┤*H ]@@ J]┬▓* ┬ЬE f<┬б┬Ы~|┬┤* f@@ g+bjD* f@@ J4b┬Ш┬Ж┬┤* x@@ ~8b┬Ы┬ЖD* ┬Б+xD*H ┬Щ┬г~{cgD*H dp~zD*H ┬Сx@@ ┬АDbC fJ]┬г┬Х┬ПgD* f┬ПJx┬АDb+ ┬У┬г+bc~{D* ib@@ Jb┬Ш0H f@@ ┬г/4b┬│* e*┬б@@ +&┬░* ┬ЬE f┬МD'┬бE ┬д@@ GH o*42&┬░*H ├Н@@ C├Йc┬ХD ib┬ЫJy+4]D*H i┬░├Й@@ ┬ЮD*H b@@ ┬Ю-*4┬б/b+&*H ┬У┬г+bc~{D*H e*┬б+&┬░* ┬Ц┬гA*45H

f┬г-bcFH f┬г┬ЫJ2 ┬ЬE ,x)b┬ЙD*H ,xAb┬ЫD* 7┬б┬П┬ЫD*H ┬О4b1yD* ┬п ibpg┬МD* ┬в@@ ┬Х< ,2b< ]@@ /┬б-H f@@ ┬гF*┬б┬г0H f@@ ┬г~6]┬ЫGH ,4bm0 H&* ┬О┬бBb~zD* ┬в┬Х< f~8bs+H f┬гsJ4bgD* ib┬Ю/*┬бD* ,├Ж~62 ┬в┬Х< ,42bF i┬░b0 ┬пH 6┬б┬ПD* rbg┬МE H&* @@ 6┬б┬ПD* tJ4bgD* xm0 ┬О4b15 ┬п b┬ШC ,2x┬М┬ЫE H&* ┬Фbc~{D*

H&* fJxm0 ┬Ц┬г~8b┬М- ┬Ь@@ E ├Бbc┬┤* ┬п f┬гDb┬Ш┬▒* x@@ ~8b┬Ы┬ЖD* x~|p┬ХD ┬░ ┬Чbj┬┤* ┬Ц┬гc~6 ┬в┬Х< ┬Ц┬Ш~{-H ,54b@@ + f┬гg┬Ы┬Ш~6(* 6*┬бB&┬░*H ,]@@ ┬Ш<&┬░*H f@@ Jxm┬▓* 4┬бAyD*H @@ {┬гF4┬б┬ТD* ib@@ ┬гEx┬ЮD*H f@@ +]p┬┤* i*]@@ s┬┤*H x@@ ┬А┬Ш┬ХD f@@ c/b┬▓* fJxm┬▓* ┬Ц~6b┬Т┬┤*H

$b┬Ы+ ]@@ ┬Ы< f┬г┬Х~8&* ┬Э┬б@@ ┬Т- ]B ┬д@@ gD* f@@ ├В]┬ПD* ib@@ ┬г~94&┬░* ┬Эx┬ПD* ┬ЬE ┬╢H&┬░* 2┬б┬П┬ЖD* ┬Ч├Й1 b┬ЮgAb~9(* h┬н H&* ┬в┬Ыc┬┤* ┬В├ЙcD* H&* ┬еxm0 ┬В├Й+H fJ├М/ i*]E ┬ЬE ┬Ь@@ Jx~{┬ЖD* ,4ycD* ┬В├Й+ ┬е]┬ХcD* ┬В├ЙcD*H ┬Э┬б┬Х┬┤* ┬дg┬Ы┬Ш~6(┬░*

╧н╧▓╧о

q ~6&°*H ~6&°* ͘1͘5

m´* $b c D ¥¡ D* +b D* *¡£ D ¤ £Ex+ ~|F ]@@ < 1 x~{< ~6bgD* x D* fJb F E ϭϬ

E 6b+4]D* 4*2 H4 *¡@@ £ D* h£+ ¯ @@ :b gE ] < ϭϵϬϮ b<

mO´* $b cD* f@@ £ < ¯ fJ]J]0 xE*H]+ ¥¡@@ g~zE @@ ~6 3 tϮϲ

b< E A1 f@@ Â] D* fJ] cD* ¢@@ cE ¯ ]£ExB f@@ c~|F 4 ϭϵϰϬ

q ~zE ¡:b+ ,] < H eb~|<&°* i*3 f£Fb~6x1 ib@@ :É+ ϭϵϰϬ b< E b F* ] g J A1 fÂ] D* fJ] cD* ¢ cE ¯

1 ¢ < E ~{+ bG4¡ - x.&* ]@@ A q ~6&ÉD fc~z Db+ b@@ E&* x@@ D* f@@ Jb F ¯ Ñ* *4 i5b@@ gE*H f@@ Â] D* ,]@@ c D @@ A&°* ebcB b ´b E ]0&* h@@ FbCH fp ´* b p ~6&b+ x@@ ~{< ~6bgD* bGÌ= fÂ] D* ,] cD* ¡P « µ ¤gD* lÉjD* f£Fb j D* f@@ p´* Jx~{ D* x D* fJ*]+ ¯H f£ £~74&°* 4¡~| D bK AH ebcB E fJb F ¯ ix ; ¤@@ gD* A&°* 1 ¯ ]£Ex D* ib@@ c~|F h@@ Db exD* ¤ © x@@ J2H 5]Fx D* f@@ ~64]E ¯ x~{< @@ ~6bgD* x@@ D* i¡£+H ·É D* q ~6&* ¢ < bK 0° ix~{gF*H zC3¡.4&°* Hx D *]sg~6°* ,2] gE Ábc´*H *¡£ D*

Ñ* *4 ¯ ¤sJ4bgD* yCx´* ¯ q ~6&°* *¡F&* fp ´* q ~6&°* ebc D* fJ¡g~z´* q ~6&°* ]£Ex D* ibc~|F

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‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا‬

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‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا‬

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‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا‬

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175 ‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ رام ا‬

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174

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176

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179 ‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ رام ا‬

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178

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ϭϴϬ

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‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا‬

ϭϴϮ

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B6 A17

A16

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‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا‬

194

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199 ‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ رام ا‬

‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا‬

198

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╧о

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╧н╧┤╧╡╧о tJ4bgD* xm0 ┬О4b15

╧о

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╧о╧м╧м

ϮϬϬϮ tJ4b-H ,4b < Ñ* *4 ebgC E ] ´*H ]J]²* b <&* ͘ϭϬ͘5 A8ȶ Ϯ Í£ c´* Í+ fJ]J]²* f+*¡cD* ¢ <&°* ¯ fp ~|D* ~6H Jx~{ D* x D* ib£ £.É. H&* ib£ Jx~{<

W6b ƑƊŗƈƅ§ ÀƁ± ŶƈŠƈ ¡ŕƊŗ Ɠž Á§ ÃƔƅ ªƔŗ Å±ŕƈŸƈƅ§ ·ƈƊƅ§ Ê 1911 ¡ŕƊŗƅ§ ťƔ±ŕś

2] D ¤~z£)xD* ebcD* ¡Bb~6 ¡A i°É D* E f<¡ ¸ fp ~|D* 4b~zJ fÂ] D* ,] cD* ¯ *¡£ D* i¡£+ E ib ~zcE f +4&* Æs- fJx)*2 bc~¦B E D9 fQ£ < bc~{D fJb ²* ]J]0 ,4*x²*H x Db+ rbE4 ~7 ¢ < b -bJb F ew -H E Yϴ ¥4bmgD* p´* ebcD ]J]²* b <&* ~6&°* ¯ fp ~|D* ~6H ebcD* E xpg´* ¤ ~zD* $y±* < fJ¡ D* fJb ²* ~| J ]J]0 xE*2 bc~¦ D*H ib ~zc´* Í+ f£Ax15 b ~7&* h¸2 ] A fJ¡ D* fJb ²* bE&* bc~¦ D*H ib ~zc´* ¶(* h +4H 6¡ ´* (U) x0 ~7 ¢ < £~{cgDb+

A17 ƑƊŗƈƅ§ ÀƁ± ŶƈŠƈ ¡ŕƊŗ Ɠž Á§ ÃƔƅ ªƔŗ Å±ŕƈŸƈƅ§ ·ƈƊƅ§ Ê 1914 ¡ŕƊŗƅ§ ťƔ±ŕś

M6 ƑƊŗƈƅ§ ÀƁ± Á§ÃƔƅ ªƔŗ Å±ŕƈŸƈƅ§ ·ƈƊƅ§ 1910 ¡ŕƊŗƅ§ ťƔ±ŕś

$y±* D3 ¤GH fDÉG / i°É D* < ¯ 2*]²* ]+&* ]BH £ g~zE eb+ E ¡ gJ ¥wD* ¤~z£)xD* ebcD* ¡@@ Bb~6 ¡A h+bjD* fpg D* wG h =&* ]BH ¥x)*2 ~|F ~{+ ¡@@ Bb~zD* ¡A fpgAH fJb ²* ]J]p+ h J5H 1*]D* E ¡ E ob/5H d~{³* E bc~{+ o4b³* E ib<*x~7 ib@@ pg + f ~|E hFbC ]@@ A fJ]J]²* e*¡+&°* b@@ E&* q ~z- hFbC ¤@@ gD* f <b D* f@@ £Ax1yD* ib@@ ~zc´* b@@ g J5 ,Ì@@ ~8 E ,2b D* ¯ ebcD* <H 4yc´* ob/yD* É1 E *x D* ,$b~9(b+ f £ . ib ~zcE J¡ -H + £« ¥wD* £ ~zD* ]J]²* E ÍgA42 f£-bcF b ~7&b+ e*¡+&°* hAx15 b C ob~|D* ¶(* f ~{cE Íg ±* E d ~zD* ]J]0 E

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o*42&°* ib Jy+42H Í@@ CÉcD* ib Jy+42 ¢ < É @@ D* *wG c JH f +xE H&* f@@ Jx)*2 bc~¦BH ib@@ ~zcE E d =&°* ¢@@ < h < ¤@@ gD* p+ - ,xC ~{+ f£ g E f ~zE ibEb<2 ¶(* fAb~9(* fDH]¸ ¯ b C ib@@ Jy+4]D* ¯ h 12&*H b@@ gJb D fcB4 @@ <H b@@ c~¦ D* x0 H&* f+¡ E (L) x0 ~7 ¢ < f£Ax1yD* ib ~zc´* fJb ²* £~9&* b g~6°* f@@ ~6 $b~z E b@@ £ D* f ~zc´* ¡@@ - ¢@@ g0H ͘;S) ,x)*2 ~|F ~7 ¢ < d£~¦B E b £D(*

P8 ƑƊŗƈƅ§ ÀƁ± Á§ÃƔƅ ªƔŗ Å±ŕƈŸƈƅ§ ·ƈƊƅ§ 1911 ¡ŕƊŗƅ§ ťƔ±ŕś

ϮϬϯ ‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ رام ا‬

(tϮϲ mO´* $b cD* ¯ ¥¡ D* +b D* 1]E ¯ ]J]²* £~8b ‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا‬

ϮϬϮ

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Ϯϭϱ ‫ﻣﺒﺎدئ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ واﻟﺘﺮﻣﻴﻢ واﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا‬

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‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا ‬

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‫ﻣﺒﺎدئ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ واﻟﺘﺮﻣﻴﻢ واﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا ‪ϮϮϯ‬‬

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‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا‬

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A design guide for the historic city͗ ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ Area Londonderry͘ Department of the Environment͕ ϮϬϭϮ͘ ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬwww͘planningni͘gov͘ƵŬ/downloads/design_guide_historic_city_ conservation_area_londonderryͺ͘pdf͘ Electronic resource accessed &ĞďƌƵƌĂǇ ϮϬϭϰ͘

ĂƩůĞ͕ Stephen & Tony Steel͘ ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ and Design 'ƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐ for Zanzibar Stone Town͘ 'ĞŶĞǀĂ͗ Aga <ŚĂŶ Trust for Culture͕ ϮϬϬϭ͘

Casanovas ŽŝǆĞƌĞƵ͕ &ƌĂŶĐĞƐĐ y͘ Manuel pour la réŚĂďŝůŝƚĂƟŽŶ de la ville de Dellys͘ Col·legi d’Aparelladors͕ Arquitectes Tècnics i Enginyers d’ ĚŝĮĐĂĐŝó de ĂƌĐĞůŽŶĂ ( d Ϳ͕ ϮϬϭϮ͘

District of Columbia Historic WƌĞƐĞƌǀĂƚŝŽŶ 'ƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐ͗ Additions to Historic ƵŝůĚŝŶŐ͘ DC͗ Historic WƌĞƐĞƌǀĂƚŝŽŶ Office͕ ϮϬϭϬ͘ http͗ͬͬplanning͘dc͘gov/KW/,W/'ƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞйϮϬƉĚĨйϮϬĮůĞƐ/ DC_ ĚĚŝƟŽŶƐ_'ƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐ_^t͘pdf͘ Electronic resource accessed &ĞďƌƵƌĂǇ ϮϬϭϰ͘

District of Columbia Historic WƌĞƐĞƌǀĂƚŝŽŶ 'ƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐ͗ EĞǁ Construction in Historic Districts͘ DC͗ Historic WƌĞƐĞƌǀĂƚŝŽŶ Office͕ ϮϬϭϬ͘ http͗ͬͬplanning͘dc͘gov/DC/WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ/ Historic+WƌĞƐĞƌǀĂƚŝŽŶ/Maps+and+/ŶĨŽƌŵĂƚŝŽŶ/WŽůŝĐŝĞƐ+and+WƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĞƐ/Design+'ƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐ/EĞǁ+Construction+in+Historic+Districts͘ Electronic resource accessed &ĞďƌƵƌĂǇ ϮϬϭϰ͘

'ƌĂŶƚ͕ Elihu͘ The WĞŽƉůĞ of WĂůĞƐƚŝŶĞ͗ an enlarged edition of "The peasantry of WĂůĞƐƚŝŶĞ͕ life͕ manners͕ and customs of the villageΗ͘ WŚŝůĂĚĞůƉŚŝĂ & London͗ :͘ ͘ Lippincott Company͕ ϭϵϮϭ͘

EĞǁ Designs in Historic ^ĞƫŶŐ͘ Historic Scotland͘ ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬwww͘historicͲscotland͘gov͘ƵŬ/newͲdesignͲinͲhistoricͲƐĞƫngs͘pdf͘ Electronic resource accessed &ĞďƌƵƌĂǇ ϮϬϭϰ͘

Revault͕ WŚŝůŝƉƉĞ͕ Serge Santelli and Catherine tĞŝůůͲRochant͘ Maison de ĞƚŚůéem͘ WĂƌŝƐ͗ Maisonneuve &LaroseͲ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚ du Monde Arabe͕ 1997͘

Robinson͕ Edward and Eli Smith͘ ŝďůŝĐĂů researches in WĂůĞƐƟŶĞ and in the adjacent region͗ :ŽƵƌŶĂů of travelers in the year 1938͘ Ϯ vols͘ ŽƐƚŽŶ͗ ƌŽĐŬĞƌ & ƌĞǁƐƚĞƌ͕ 1856͘

Sense of WůĂĐĞ͗ Design 'ƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐ for EĞǁ Construction in Historic Districts͘ WŚŝůĂĚĞůƉŚŝĂ͗ The WƌĞƐĞƌǀĂƚŝŽŶ Alliance for 'ƌĞĂƚĞƌ WŚŝůĂĚĞůƉŚŝĂ͕ ϮϬϬϳ͘ http͗ͬͬwww͘preservationalliance͘ com/publications/^ĞŶƐĞŽĨWůĂĐĞ_final͘pdf͘ Electronic resource accessed &ĞďƌƵƌĂǇ ϮϬϭϰ͘

Shaheen͕ EĂƐĞĞď͘ A WŝĐƚŽƌŝĂů History of Ramallah WĂƌƚ //͘ ŝƌǌĞŝƚ͗ ŝƌǌĞŝƚ University WƌĞƐƐ and the EĂƐĞĞď Shaheen Charitable &ŽƵŶĚĂƚŝŽŶ͕ ϮϬϬϲ͘

Shaheen͕ EĂƐĞĞď͘ A WŝĐƚŽƌŝĂů History of Ramallah͘ ĞŝƌƵƚ͗ Arab /ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚĞ for Research and WƵďůŝƐŚŝŶŐ͕ ϭϵϵϮ͘

Smith͕ WĞƚĞƌ H͘ Design 'ƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐ for the Old and Historic ůĞǆĂŶĚƌŝĂ District and the WĂƌŬĞƌͲ 'ƌĂǇ District͘ City of ůĞǆĂŶĚƌŝĂ͕ 1993͘ http͗ͬͬwww͘ĂůĞǆĂŶĚƌŝĂǀĂ͘gov/uploadedfiles/ planning/info/pnz_historic_designguidelines͘pdf͘ Electronic resource accessed &ĞďƌƵƌĂǇ ϮϬϭϰ͘

Town of Chestertown͗ Historic District Design 'ƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐ͘ Town of Chestertown͕ ϮϬϭϮ͘ http͗ͬͬchestertown͘com/gov/Historic_district/ChestertownйϮϬ, йϮϬ'ƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐ͘pdf͘ Electronic resource accessed &ĞďƌƵƌĂǇ ϮϬϭϰ͘

‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ رام ا‬

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