KOTTAL UPPI SAHIB

tIm´m¬ D∏n kmln_v

sI.-]n. Ip™n-aq

{]km-[\w: s{Kbvkv FPyp-t°-jW - ¬ Atkm-kn-tb-j≥

{]km-[I - ° - p-dn∏v Malayalam Nethru Smrithi Sanchika-2 Kotal Uppi Sahib (Biography) by K.P. Kunhimoosa General Editor P.A. Rasheed Project Co-ordinator K. Aboobacker kayaboobacker@gmail.com All rights reserved First Edition: December 2010 Published by Grace Educational Association, P.B. No: 3 Malappuram Dt., PIN : 676317 Production & Design www.wampee.in DTP & Layout SignX-Vtk / 9495642332 Printed in India at ..........................

Distributors: Grace Books Camp Sayyid, P.B.No. 3 Malappuram Dt - 676317

Rs. 40-

BIm-iØp ]S-cm\pw I\n \¬Im-\pw Ign-b-W-sa-¶n¬ aÆn¬ thcnd°n hocyw hen-s®-Sp-°-W-sa-∂Xv {]Ir-Xn-\n-b-a-am-Wv. Hmtcm Xe-apdbpw ap≥ap-d-°m-cn¬ \n∂v kmwkvIm-cn-Im-kvXn-Iƒ G‰p-hm-ßp-Ibpw ]pXp-ap-d-°m¿°v ]mI-am-Ip∂ Xc-Øn¬ ]pXp-°p-Ibpw hcpw-X-e-ap-d°v th≠n Icp-X-temsS ImØp-sh-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv AXp-sIm-≠m-Wv. am‰-ß-tfm-Sn-W-ßn-\n∂v s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\v kaq-l-a-\ v Ft∏mgpw kmh-Imiw tXSp-∂p-≠v. AXn-∂-h-kcw \¬Im-Ø{X IqSnb KXn-th-KamWv ae-bm-fn-bpsS am‰-Øn-\p-≈-Xv. tIc-fo-b¿ Ime-ß-fmbn ImØpsh® CuSp-sh-∏p-Iƒ ]eXpw Cu IpsØm-gp-°n¬ IS-]p-g-Ip-∂p. aÆns‚ aWhpw \nd-hp-an-√mØ Hcp hnNn{X kwkvImcw ]Xps° tIcf-Øn¬ cq]-s∏-´p-h-cp-∂p. kmw-kvIm-cnI XpS¿®-bn¬ kw`-hn-°p∂ CS¿®-bnep≈ thh-emXn ]escbpw CS-s]-Sp-∂Xn∂v t{]cn-∏n-°p-∂p≠v. "t\Xr-kvar-Xn-k© - nI' {]k-‡a - m-Ip-∂Xv Chn-sS-bm-Wv. Zo¿L-Ime {]k‡n-bp≈ aqey-ß-fpsS Poh¬am-Xr-I-Iƒ ]pXp-X-e-ap-dbv°v ssIam-dphm-\p≈ Ffnb {ia-am-Wn-Xv. tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v ae-_m-dn¬ BZ¿i-cm-jv{So-b-Øns‚ Zo]vXhgn sXfn-bn® t\Xm-°-fn¬ Hcm-fm-Wv. Adn-hm-b-ncp∂p At±-l-Øns‚ hgn-Im-´n. XymK-am-bn-cp∂p hgn. \yq\-]£ ]nt∂m-°-hn-`m-K-ß-fpsS AkvXn-Xz-`-{Z-X-bm-bn-cp∂p ASn-b-¥nc e£yw. cmPy-t£-a-am-bn-cp-∂p hnim-e-Xm-Xv]-cyw. \n¿±n-jvS-am¿§-Øn¬ hn\n-tbm-Kn® PohnXw ssZhk-a£w ka¿∏n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p BXy-¥nI D∂w. Imew tXSp∂ ]mT߃ ]e-Xp≠v B Pohn-X-Øn¬. B al-ZvPo-hn-X-Øn-te°v At\z-jW-Xr-jvW-tbmsS IS-∂p-sN-√p-I-bmWv {]K¤ ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I\pw {KŸIm-c-\p-amb sI.-]n.-Ip-™n-a-k.

Hcp Zim-_vZ-°m-e-ambn hnZym-`ymk kmwkvIm-cn-I-cw-KØv {]h¿Øn®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ kwL-S-\-bmWv s{Kbvkv FPyp-t°-jW¬ Atkmkn-tb-j≥. ]mc-º-cy-]-T-\-Øns‚ `mK-ambn Gs‰-SpØ {][m\ s{]mPIvSp-I-fn-sem-∂mWv "t\Xr-kvar-Xn-k-©nI'. G‰hpw A\n-hm-cy-sa∂p IcpXp∂ Cu kwcw-`-tØmSv ae-bm-fo-hm-b-\-°m¿ A\p-Iq-e-ambn {]Xn-Icn-°p-sa∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂p.

D≈-S°w

sI.]n. Ip™nΩqk Xet»cnbnse ]qt∂m¬ kztZin. BeºØv am∏nf kvIqƒ, amln aø-eh - nø sslkvIqƒ, aS∏≈n Kh¨sa‚ v tImtfPv, Xet»cn {_Æ≥ tImtfPv F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ hnZym-`ym-kw. ]{X{]h¿ØI≥, {KŸImc≥, {]`m-j-I≥, lmk kmlnXyImc≥, tImfanÃv, kwLmSI≥.

1966-˛¬ N{µnI Zn\-]-{X-Øn¬ kl-]-{Xm-[n-]-cmbn tN¿∂p. 1975 apX¬ Hcp ]Xn-‰m≠v eoKv ssSwkn¬ \yqkv FUn-‰¿. 1986-˛¬ ho°ven FUn-‰¿ C≥ Nm¿÷mbn ho≠pw N{µn-I-bn¬. 1996-˛¬ hnc-an-®p.

Imen-°‰v {]kv¢∫v {]kn-U-≠v, tIcf {]kv A°m-Zan FIvknIyq-´ohv saº¿, sF.-F-^v.-U-ªyq.sP t\j-W¬ Iu¨kn¬ saº¿, {]kv A{I-Un-t‰-j≥ IΩn‰n saº¿, ko\n-b¿ tP¿W-enÃv t^mdw ÿm]I sk{I-´-dn F∂o ÿm\-߃ hln-®p. ]pkv X I߃: hgnIm´nIƒ, a[pcn°pw Hm¿ΩIƒ, A©v eoKpt\Xm°ƒ, I√mbn∏pg apX¬ {_“]p{Xhsc, Hm¿ΩbpsS Hmfßfn¬, Bip]{Xn^enX߃, ]{X^enX߃, CuØ∏gØns‚ \m´neqsS, ]pWyßfpsS ]q°mew, {hXImeIYIƒ, ]cnNnXapJ߃, kn.F®v.^enX߃, sambvXpauehn, Hcp ]{X{]h¿ØIs‚ Xo¿∞mS\kvarXnIƒ, kvarXn]Yßfnse inlm_vX߃.

C¥ybnepS\ofw ]{X{]h¿ØI≥ F∂ \ne°v ]T\bm{X. bp.F.C, IpsshØv, _lvssd≥, JØ¿, kuZnAtd_y, Ham≥ XpSßnb Ad_v cmPyßfn¬ ]eXhW ]cyS\w. amXmhv : Ip™n°≠n ]pXnb]pcbn¬ Ip™n∏mØp. ]nXmhv : ]Sb≥]pcbn¬ aΩp `mcy: hn.Fw.BbnibptSbpw kn.hn.A_q_°¿lmPnbptSbpw aq∂masØ ]p{Xn IXncq¿ kztZin\n hn.Fw. ^uknb. a°ƒ: jan, jPn, jkv\. ktlmZcn: Ip™mbni. hnemkw: "ssa{Xn', ]∂n-b-¶-c, tImgn-t°m-Sv-˛3 samss_¬: 9847584843

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BapJw Pohn-X-tcJ ..................................................................................... 8 tIm´-bØv P\\w Xe-t»-cn-bn¬ ]T\w ............................. 9 A£-c-߃ i‡n-t{km-X v .................................................. 11 A¿l-Xbv°v AwKo-Imcw ....................................................... 17 N¥p-\-ºym-cpsS ka-Im-eo-\≥ ............................................. 23 tIcf apkvenw aPven-kn¬ ...................................................... 27 D∏p-k-Xym-{K-lhpw D∏n-km-ln_pw ..................................... 29 aq¨sse‰v Km¿U≥ ]m¿´n ..................................................... 31 Ip™n-am-b≥ lmZn-bpsS Is≠-ج .............................. 32 Sn.-Fw.-sam-bvXp-km-ln-_ns‚ IqsS ..................................... 35 Ncn-{X-Ønse Ahn-kva-c-Wo-b-amb GSp-Iƒ ................... 37 XymtKm-Pze Ncn{Xw .................................................................. 41 e£yhpw kz]v\-ßfpw ............................................................ 47 hn{i-aa - n-√mØ {]h¿Ø\w ..................................................... 49 Hm¿Ω-I-fnse alm ktΩ-f-\-߃ ....................................... 51 Fs‚ A\p-`-h-߃ ................................................................... 53 k^-e-amb ZuXyw .................................................................... 57 P\-{]-Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ P\-Zm-k-∑m¿ ............................................ 60 s]m´m-Ø -s]m≥\q¬ ............................................................... 62 l¿Øm¬ Zn-\-Øn¬ A¥yw ................................................ 64

-BapJw \m´n-s‚bpw kap-Zm-bØ - n-s‚bpw Ah-Im-ik - w-c£ - W - Ø - n-∂mbn \nc¥c t]mcm-´-Øn-te¿s∏´ tZim-`n-am-\n-bmb kap-Zmb tkh-I-\m-bn-cp∂p tIm´m¬ D∏n kmln-_v. cm{„ Xm¬]-cy-߃°pw P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn\pw kwip≤ cm{„o-b-Øn∂pw KpW-I-c-ambn `hn® Ht´sd {]h¿Ø-\߃°v D∏n kmln_v t\XrXzw \¬In. A`n-i-]vX-amb A]-I¿j-Xm-t_m-[-hp-ambn Ae-£y-ambn \oßnb Hcp P\-]-Y-Øn\v Bfl-ss[cyw \¬Inb D∏n kmln_v AXp-ey-amb XymK-Øns‚ Bth-i-Zm-b-I-amb CXn-lm-k-Øn\v XpS-°-an´p. G°-dpIƒ kz¥-am-bp≈ `qhp-S-a-bmb Cu h≥ P∑n°v ]m´-°p-Sn-bm∂pth≠n hmZn-°m≥ aSn-bn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. kuay\pw im¥\pw anX-`mjn-bp-amb Cu sNdnb Ipdnb a\p-jys‚ bYm¿∞ cq]w a\- n-em-bXv \nb-a-\n¿ΩmW k`-I-fn-eqsS-bm-Wv. a{¥nÿm\w sh®p\o´n-b-t∏mƒ kuay-ambn \nc-kn®v aqey-t_m-[ap≈ cm{„ob kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ ssNX\yw sISmsX kq£n® Hc]q¿∆-{]-Xn-`m-k-ambncp-∂p At±lw. Akm-am-\y-amb B¿÷-hhpw [ocXbpw {]I-Sn-∏n® D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ Hu∂Xyw a\- n-em-°nb F{X t]cp≠n-hnsS? D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ kvac-W \ne\n¿tØ-≠Xv -h¿Ø-am-\-Im-e-Øns‚ Bhiy-am-sW∂v t_m[y-s∏-´-Xp-sIm-≠mWv `mhn Xe-ap-dbv°v At±lsØ ]cn-N-b-s∏-SpØm≥ Rm≥ apXn¿∂-Xv. Ac \q‰m-≠ntesd \o≠p\n∂ B cm{„ob Imc-W-h-cpsS hy‡nXzw `mhn Xe-ap-dbv°v Bthihpw {]tNm-Z-\hpw \¬Ip-hm≥ ]cym-]vX-am-Wv.

ae-_m¿- apkvenwIƒ sXc-s™-Sp∏v F∂v tIƒ°m≥ XpS-ßnbXp apX¬ D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ \ma-t[-bhpw AXn-t\m-S-\p-_v[n-®mWv tI´n-´p≠m-hp-I. \nb-a-\n¿ΩmW k`-bn-te°v {]tXyI {]mXn-\n[y hyh-ÿb-\p-k-cn®v \S∂ BZysØ sXsc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ A∂v ae-_m-dnse apkvenwIƒ°v c≠p {]Xn-\n-[n-I-sfbm-bn-cp∂p sXsc-s™-Sp-t°-≠nbn-cp-∂-Xv. Pn√m ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ \S∂ sXsc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ hnP-bn-IfmbXv sI.D∏n-km-ln-_pw Sn.-Fw.-sam-bvXp-km-ln-_p-am-bn-cp-∂p. \n -l-I-cW {]ÿm-\-Øns‚ Blzm\w am\n®v aZn-cmin apl-ΩZ≥kv -tIm-tfPv hn´n-d-ßn-t∏m∂ D∏n-km-ln-_ns\ \nb-a-k`m kmam-PnI-Xz-Øn-\mbn t{]cn-∏n-®Xv F.-sI.-Ip-™n-amb≥ lmPn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. D∏nkm-ln-_ns\°pdn-®p≈ At\z-jWw Hmtcm Ime-L-´-Ønepw hy‡n {][m-\n-I-fn-te°v \ofp-∂p.

BZysØ apkvenw en‰-td-®¿ skmssk-‰n-bpsS {]Ya sNb¿am-\mhm≥ am∏nf kmln-Xy-Øns‚ Xp©≥ ]d-ºmb Xe-t»-cn-bn¬ `mKy-ap≠m-bXv D∏n kmln-_n-∂m-bn-cp-∂p.

P∑n IpSpw-_-Øn¬ \n∂v ]pd-s∏´v aZn-cm-in-bn¬ D]-cn-]-T\w \SØn tZiob {]ÿm-\-Ønepw kzmX{¥y ka-c-Ønepw ]¶m-fn-bmbn aZn-cmin Akwªn-bnse apkvenw eoKv eoU-dm-bn, cmPmPn -a-{¥n-k-`°v HmIvknP≥ \¬In, IpSn-bm-∑m-cp-sS-bpw Irjn-°m-cp-sSbpw `mKØv \ne-bp-d-∏n®v Ht´sd A¤p-X-߃ kr„n® D∏n kmln-_ns‚ I¿Ωss\]pWyw ae_m-dns‚ ap°paqe-I-fn¬ Hs´m-∂p-a√ {]Imiw ]c-Øn-b-Xv. kw`-h-_-lp-e-amb B Pohn-X-Øn\v Xnc-»oe hoW-t∏mƒ A\mY-am-bXv Hcp Ime-L-´-Øns‚ Ncn-{X-am-Wv. Pohn-Xm-h-km\w hsc At±lw amtdmSptN¿Ø hne-s∏´ F{Xtbm ]pkvX-I-߃ \„-s∏-´p.

BflIYtbm Poh-N-cn-{Xtam Fgp-Xn-sh-°m-Xn-cp∂Xp ImcWw Ncn-{Xap-Øp-Ifpw e`n-®n-√. kwL-S\m {]h¿Ø-I-cn¬ hmb-\m-ioew hf¿Øm≥ InW™p {ian® D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ hk-Xn-bn-te°v "hn⁄m-\n-Iƒ acn-°m-dn-s√∂' ktµi-hp-ambmWv G‰hpw HSp-hn¬ kn.-F®v FØn-b-Xv. aqeym-[n-jvTnX cm{„ob {]h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ amXrI At\z-jn-°p∂ bphm-°ƒ°v D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ Poh-N-cn{Xw Hcp ]mT ]pkvX-I-am-sW∂v A`n-{]m-b-s∏´p sIm≠v Rm≥ CXv ka¿∏n-°s´. ssa{Xn tImgn-t°m-Sv-˛3

sI.]n.Ip™n-Ωqk

t\Xr-kvar-Xn-k© - nI

tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v

t\Xr-kvar-Xn-k© - nI

tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v

tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v ˛ Pohn-X-tcJ ˛ P\\w P∑-ÿew ]nXmhv hnZym-`ymkw

: : : :

1891 IqØp-]-d-ºn-\-SpØ tIm´bw (I-Æq¿ Pn√) amb≥ A[n-Imcn Xe-t»cn am∏nf kvIqƒ, Xe-t»-cn {_Æ≥ tImtf-Pv, apl-Ω-Z≥kv tImtf-Pv, aZn-cm-in, 1920 ¬ \n -l-I-cW {]ÿm-\-Øn¬ tN¿∂p.

hln® ÿm\-߃ : a{Zmkv sePn-t…-‰ohv Iu¨kn¬, sk≥{S¬ Akwªn (1930), (kz-cmPv ]m¿´n saº¿) tIcf apkvenw aPvenkv kn{I-´dn, apkvenw eoKv saº¿ a{Zmkv sePn. Iu¨kn¬ (1947), apkvenw eoKv Akwªn ]¿´n eoU¿, a{Zmkv (1952), Xe-t»cn apkvenw en‰-td-®¿ skmssk‰n amt\-PnwKv Ub-d-Œ¿, amt\-P¿ Bbnjm tlmkn-bdn (en-an.)

IqØp-]-d-ºv, tIm´bw Xmeq°v apkvenw eoKv {]kn-U‚ v, IÆq¿ Pn√m eoKv {]kn-U‚ v `mcy : IøqΩ a°ƒ : amb≥, apl-Ω-Zen C{_mlnwIp´n Ip™man Ip™n-∏mØp acWw : 1972˛sabv 11

8

tIm´-bØv P\\w Xe-t»-cn-bn¬ ]T\w {]]©t_m[hpw Poht_m[hpw Imet_m[hpw Ncn{Xt_m[hpw Dƒs°m≠ kmaqly Kpcp-°-∑m¿ Xnßn-Øm-a-kn® {]tZ-i-amWv Xet»-cn \n∂v Ggp \mgnI Ing-t°m´v \oßn ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ tIm´-bw. sX‰v sNbvXm¬ in£n-°p∂ tIm´bw cmPm-hn-t\-°mƒ al-Xzw, Is√dn-™m¬ t]mepw {]Xn^ew sImSp-°p∂ amhp-Iƒ°p-s≠∂v a\- nem-°n-bh - c - m-bn-cp∂p tIm´-bØ - p-Im¿. D]-tbm-K{- ]-Za - √ - mØ Hcp hr£hpw `qan-bn-en-s√∂v Ah¿ hniz-kn-®p. sXm´m-hm-Snbpw Xpf-knbpw Bcy-th∏pw amhpw ]nemhpw apcn°pw Idn-th-∏n-ebpw ]d-¶n-amhpw apcn-ßbpw tX°pw sXßpw Iapßpw Bcym-\-µbpw A\p-c-µbpw ssaem-©nbpw \nd-™p\n∂ sFiz-cy-Øns‚ aÆn¬ G°-dp-Iƒ kz¥-ap≈ tIm´m¬ Xd-hmSv Xe-bp-b¿Øn-\n-∂p. [oc tZim-`n-am\n tIm´m¬ henb D∏n kzPohnXw sIm≠v tIm´mXd-hm-´ns‚ tIfn ]c-Øn-b-Xmbn ]g-a-°m¿ ]d-™p-tI-´n-´p-≠v. aXhpw cm{„o-bhpw sshZyhpw kwkvIm-chpw kmln-Xyhpw im¥-amb tIm´bw {Kma-Ønse Iq‰≥ Xd-hm-Sns‚ ]qap-JØv ]S¿∂p ]¥-en® \mfp-I-fmbn-cp∂p AXv. tIm´-bsØ tIm´m¬ F∂ [\mVy IpSpw-_-Øn-emWv 1891 _mem-cn-„-Xsb AXn-Po-hn-°m≥ km[n-°ptam F∂v kwi-bn-°p∂ Hcp Ip™v ]nd∂p hogp-∂-Xv. {]Xm-]-im-en-bmb Xd-hm-´p-Im-c-W-h-cpsS t]¿ Xs∂ Cu Ip´n°pw hnfn-®p. D∏n. Ip´n-bpsS Btcm-Ky-Øn\v Xd-hm´p hf-∏nse Bbp¿t∆Z kky-ß-fmWv {][m-\-ambpw D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn9

t\Xr-kvar-Xn-k© - nI

tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v

b-Xv. Xd-hm-´ns‚ AI-Ø-f-Ønse amebpw ss_Øpw tI´v hf¿∂ D∏n ]n®sh®v ]qap- J Øv FØn- b - t ∏mƒ I≠ Imgv N h√msX BI¿jn®p \thm-∞m-\-Øns‚ D÷ze Zo]w sImfpØnsh®-Xn¬ \n∂v {]k-cn® {]` D∏nsb hnkva-bn-∏n-®p. tIm´m¬ Xd-hmSv IqØp-]-d-ºp-Im¿°pw Xe-t»-cn-°m¿°pw F∂pw Hcp hnkva-b-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ahn-`‡ IÆq¿ Pn√-°msI tkh-\-Øn-s‚bpw hn⁄m-\-Øn-s‚bpw shfn®w {]Zm\w sNbvX Hcp alm Zo]-kvXw-`ambn ]cn-e-kn® Xd-hm-´n¬ \n∂v Iem-eb hnZym-`ym-k-Øn-\mbn D∏n Cd-ßn-Øn-cn®p. \nkzm¿∞hpw \njvI-f-¶-hp-amb ITn\ bXv\-Øn-eqsS aX-hn-Zym-`ymkw \SØns°mSp-°p∂ koXn-amcpw km£-c-X-bpsS ktµi-hp-ambn FØnb \mS≥ A≤ym-]-Icpw sImfpØns°mSpØ hn⁄m\-Øns‚ ssIØn-cn-bpambmWv D∏n Xe-t»cn ]´-W-Øn-se-Øp-∂-Xv. Xe-t»cn am∏nf kvIqfn-emWv D∏n-km-ln_v {]Y-anI hnZym-`ym-kØn\v tN¿∂-sX∂v "lqbo-kv lq- C≥ a-e-_m¿' tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p. kl]m-Tn-Iƒ Bscm-s°-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v Hcn-SØpw ]d-bp-∂n-√. Xe-t»cn am∏nf kvIqƒ Su¨ am∏nf kvIqfm-sW∂v Dd-∏n®p ]d-bm-\m-hn-√. kn.]n. aΩp-t°-bn-bpsS ktlm-Z-c≥ kn.]n t]m°ptIbnbpw ]n∂oSv Unkv{SnŒv dPnkv{Smfmb H.hn tImbm-aphpw F≥. Ip™m-en-lm-Pnbpw Fw.-]n.-sI.-a-Ωp-hp-sams° Su¨ am∏nf kvIqfn¬ ]Tn® ÿnXn°v D∏n kmln_pw AhnsS ]Tn°m-\mWv km[y-X-sb∂v Duln-°mw. F∂mF.-sI.-Jm-Z¿Ip´n XpS-ßn-b-h¿ _n.-C.-Fw.]n. kvIqfn-em-bn-cp∂p ]Tn-®Xv. Xe- t »- c n- b nse BZyIme hnZym- ` ymk Ncn- { Xhpw IY- I fpw ]I¿Øm≥ {]mbw sN∂-hsc tXSn \S∂ hnZym¿∞n Pohn-X-Im-eØv Ah-cn¬ \n∂-dn-bm≥ Ign-™Xv {]mY-anI hnZym-`ymk Imcy-Øn]q¿∆n-I¿ {]tXyIw {i≤n-®n-cp-∂p-sh-∂m-Wv. {]mbm-[n-Iyhpw tcmKhpw tIƒhn-°p-d-hp-ap-≈-h¿ Ncn{X ]›m-Ø-e-߃ ad∂p Ign-™n-cp-∂p.

In´nb hkvXp-X-I-fn¬ kwi-b-ß-fp-≠m-°p∂ ]e-Xn-s‚bpw kXyw tXSn-t∏m-th≠n h∂-t∏mƒ Xe-t»-cn-bpsS hnZym-`ymk Imcy-Øn¬ ]ga-°m¿ sNbvXp-t]m∂ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS tcJ-Itfm ]q¿∆-Ime Ncn{Xtam th≠{X e`y-am-b-Xp-an-√. F∂m¬ Xe-t»-cn-bpsS {]m¥-{]-tZ-iß-fn-ep-≈-h¿ hnZym-`ym-k-Øn\v Xe-t»-cn-sb B{i-bn®p F∂v sXfn™p. D∏n kmln_pw {]mY-anI hnZym-`ym-k-Øn\v Xe-t»cn h∂p Xmakn®p F∂ Imcyhpw Dd-∏m-bn. *****

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t\Xr-kvar-Xn-k© - nI

tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v

A£-c-߃ i-‡n-t{km-X- v Hcp]nSn bmYm-ÿn-XnI¿ Cw•ojv hnZym-`ym-ksØ FXn¿°p-Ibpw \c-I-Øns‚ `mj-s°-Xnsc ^Øvh \S-Øp-Ibpw sNbvX Ime-L-´-ØnemWv D∏n-bpsS Xe-t»-cn-°p≈ ]T-\-bm{X Bcw-`n-®-Xv. Hcp {]tZ-iØns‚ Ncn{Xkvac-W-I-fn¬ AXy-]q¿∆-amb Hc-≤ymbw ChnsS Iq´nt®¿°-s∏-Sp-∂p. ad-°m≥ Ign-bmØ Hcp CXn-lm-k-ambn amdp-I-bm-bncp-∂p D∏n-bpsS ]T-\w.

Iev]hr£-߃ \nd-™p-\n¬°p∂ {Kma-Øn¬ \n∂v IS¬]m-eØns‚ \m´n-te°v ]Tn-°m-s\-Ønb D∏n Ad-_n-°-Y-bnse cmP-Ip-am-cs\-t∏mse Hcp CXn-lmk ]pcp-j-\mbn amdp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Iri-Km-{X\pw kuay-io-e-\p-am-bn-cp∂ Cu hnZym¿∞n-bpsS {][m\ tlm_n ]pkvXI-hm-b\ - b - m-bn-cp-∂p. In´p∂ ]pkvXIw ]e Bh¿Øn hmbn-°pw. {][m\ `mK-߃ AS-bm-f-s∏-SpØn sh°pw. ]pkvXIw \n[n-t]mse kq£n°p-Ibpw sNøpw. kap-Zmb ]cn-jvI¿Øm-hns‚bpw tZiob cm{„ob t\Xm-hn-s‚bpw ZuXy-hm-l-I-\mbn amdnb D∏n hnZym¿∞n PohnX ImeØp Xs∂ cm{„obhpw kmaq-ln-Ihpw aX-]-chpw sshPvRm-\n-I-hp-amb \thm-∞m\ kz]v\-ßsf Xmtem-en-®p. kl-]m-Tn-I-fpsS AwKo-Im-chpw BZ-chpw t\Sn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-tºmgpw hn\-bhpw emfn-Xyhpw At±lw ssI hn´n√. D∏n F∂ hnZym¿∞n A≤ym-]-I-cp-sSbpw hnZym¿∞n-I-fp-sSbpw D≈ns‚ D≈n¬ sNep-Ønb kzm[o\w Gsd i‡-am-bn-cp-∂p. t¢i `qbn-jvT-amb km[-\-bn-eqsS hnZym-[\w k¿∆-[-\m¬ {][m-\-am-°nb D∏nsb∏‰n tI´-h-cn¬ t]mepw BZ-chv Dd™pIqSn. 11

t\Xr-kvar-Xn-k© - nI

tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v

t\Xr-kvar-Xn-k© - nI

tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v

\nc-£-c-X-bpsS Icn-¶¬∏m-d-Iƒ s]m´n-°p-Ibpw tkh-\-ß-fpsS XW¬ac-߃ \´p ]nSn-∏n-°p-Ibpw aX-PmXn I£nNn¥-If - psS AXn¿hc-ºp-Iƒ°-Xo-Xa - mbn a\p-jys\ ImWm≥ {ian-°p-Ibpw sNbvX D∏n-bpsS i‡nt{kmX v A£-cß - f - m-bn-cp-∂p. PohnXZuXyw P\tkh-\h - pw.

Xe- t »- c n- b nse {_Æ≥ tImtf- P n\v ap≥h- i - a m- b n- c p∂p D∏n kmln_v Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. 1847 Pq¨ amk-Øn¬ C√n-°p-∂n¬ \n∂v \nL≠p I¿Ømhv Kp≠¿´ns‚ ta¬ t\m´-Øn¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn® "cmPy kam-Nm-chpw' AtX h¿jw HtŒm-_-dn¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn® ]›ntamZ-bhpw D∏n kmln_v Kth-jW _p≤ym ]cn-tim-[n-®p. tIc-f-Øn¬ \n∂v ]pds∏´ BZysØ ]{X-߃ aX-Im-cy-߃ am{Xw {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂-Xm-sW∂ Xncn-®-dnhv D≠m-b-t∏mƒ A®Sn am[y-a-߃ tiJ-cn-°¬ D∏n F∂ hnZym¿∞n {][m\ tlm_n-bm-°n. Xncp-hnXmwIq¿ tIm´bw kn.-Fw.-Fkv. {] n¬ \n∂v {]kn-≤o-I-cn® ⁄m\ \nt£]w (tI-c-f-Ønse aq∂masØ ]{X-am-Wn-Xv) kn.-Fw.-Fkv tImtfPv hI ]pd-s∏´ "hnZym-kw{Klw' amkn-I, 1867 ¬ kn.-Fw.-Fkv {] n¬ \n∂pw ]pd-s∏´ "kµn-„hmZn' F∂nh Cu hnZym¿∞n-bpsS tiJ-c-Øn¬ ÿm\w ]nSn-®p. Znhm≥ am[-h-cm-b-cpsS cmPy-`-c-WsØ hna¿in-®-Xns\ XpS¿∂v "kµn-„-hmZn' \ntcm-[n-°-s∏´ Imcyw D∏n kmln_v Ub-dn-bn¬ Ipdn®psh®p. tIc-fØnse ]{X {]h¿Ø\ Ncn-{X-Øn¬ BZy-ap-≠mb \ntcm-[-\-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. 1881 ¬ tZhPn `oaPn F∂ amXr`mj ae-bm-f-a-√mØ Hcp KpPdmØn°mc≥ kzX-{¥-amb Hcp ae-bmf ]{Xw \S-Øn-bXpw ]Xn-\©p h¿jw AXp apS-ßmsX {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®Xpw D∏n kmln-_n\v as‰mcp IuXp-I-am-bn-cp-∂p. hnimJw Xncp-\mƒ alm-cm-Pm-hv, tIc-f-h¿Ω henb tImbn-Ø-ºp-cm≥ F∂n-h-cpsS kl-I-c-W-tØmsS Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cØv \n∂v hnZym-hn-em-kn\n kmlnXy amknI Cd-ßn-bXpw At±lw Ipdn®p sh®p.

Xs‚ P\-\-Imew apX¬ Hcp ]Xn-‰m≠v B\p-Im-enI {]kn-≤o-I-cW-ß-fpsS then-tb-‰-ap-≠m-bXpw B hnZym¿∞n-bn¬ A¤pXw ]c-Øn.

Xm≥ P\n® sIm√-amWv tImgn-t°mSv \n∂v "`mcXo hnem-khpw' ]nt‰ h¿j-amWv "at\m-c-a'bpw, "`mcX]{Xn-I'bpw "ae-bmfhnt\m-Zn-\n'bpw AXn¬ ]ns∂ "ae-¶ck`mXmc-I'bpw "`mjmt]mjn-Wn'bpw "ae-_m¿ Kk-‰p-'sams° Cd-ßn-b-sX∂v A`n-am-\-tØmsS Ab-hn-d-°m≥ CXns‚ tIm∏n-I-sfms° D∏n kmln_v tiJ-cn-®p.

1890˛¬ \mZm-]p-c-Øp-\n∂v {]kn-≤o-I-cn® "P\-c-RvPn-\n'-bp-sSbpw 1894˛¬ \mZm-]p-cØp \n∂p Xs∂ ]pd-s∏´ Ih-t\m-Z-b-Øn-t‚bpw -{]Xn-Iƒ tIm´m¬ Xd-hm-´n¬ \n∂p Xs∂ Cu hnZym¿∞n°v e`n-®p.

{]kn-≤o-I-c-W-߃ FhnsS \n∂m-bmepw hcn-°msc tN¿°m\pw ]Ww ]ncn-°m\pw Nne¿ hS-t°m´v bm{X sNbvXn-cp∂psh∂pw Ahscms° tIm´bw Xmeq-°nse Xd-hm´p hoSp-I-fn¬ Ibdn Cd-ßn-bncn∂psh∂pw D∏n kmln-_n\v t_m[y-s∏-´p. tIm´m¬ Xd-hm-´n¬ \n∂pw c≠p ]pc-bn¬ \n∂pw Aº-e-Ø-d, aco-°-cm-S, F∂o Xd-hm´p hoSp-I-fn¬ \n∂pw D∏n-km-ln_v tiJ-cn® {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-ß-fn¬ Ip∂wIpfsØ tIcf kµ¿in-\nbpw sIm®nbnse apl-ΩZ- ob ]tcm-]I - m-cnbpw ]´m-ºn-bnse "klr-Zt- bm-√m-kn-\nbpw' Xriq-cnse "hnt\m-Z-am-en-I'bpw Dƒs∏-´n-cp-∂p. CXns‚ {]Xn-Iƒ D∏n kmln_v sNb¿am-\mbn cq]o-I-cn® apkvenw en‰-td-®¿ skmssk-‰nbpsS Xe-t»cn Hm^o-knepw apkvenw ¢∫nepw Hcp ImeØv kq£n-®ncp-∂-Xmbn apkvenw ¢_n-∂-SpØv Xø¬IS \S-Ønb Xe-t»cn N{µnIm teJ-I≥ kn.-F®v.sambvXp A\p-kva-cn-®n-´p-≠v. aq¿t°mØv Ipam-cs‚ ]{Xm-[n-]-Xy-Øn¬ Xe-t»cnbn¬ \n∂v "anXhmZn' Bcw-`n-°p-tºmƒ D∏n kmln-_n\v ]Xn-\mdv hb- m-bn-cp-∂p. tIcf-Ønse G‰hpw \√ ]{X-ß-fn¬ H∂mb anX-hmZn hmbn®p hf-cm-\p≈ ku`mKyw e`n-®-Xn¬ B hnZym¿∞n Gsd BÀm-Zn-®p. \ymbam¿§Øn¬ \n∂v sX‰n \S-°p-∂-hsc anX-hmZn shdpsX hnSm-dn-√-s{X. anXhm-Zn-bpsS DS-a-ÿ-\mb ]uc{]amWn Sn.-in-h-i-¶-c≥ tIm´m¬ X-d-hm´n¬ sN∂v Imc-W-h-∑msc ImWm\pw km[y-X-tb-dp-∂p. "a-t\m-c-a'-bpsS teJ-I-\m-bn-cp∂ aq¿t°mØv Ipam-c≥ 1905 ¬ _\m-d- nse tIm¨{K v tbmK-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-Øn-cp∂p. {]kn-U‚ v tKmJse `mcX t\Xm-°sf anX-hm-Zn-Isf∂pw Aan-X-hm-Zn-I-sf∂pw Xcw Xncn-®p. BZyw ]d™ I£n-bpsS \bw lrZy-ambn tXm∂n-b-Xn-\m-emWv Cu t]cn¬ Hcp ]{Xw XpS-ßm≥ Ipam-c≥ inhi¶-c-t\mSv Bh-iy-s∏-´-Xv. ]{X-ßfpw B\p-Im-enI {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-ß-fp-ambn At`-Zy-ambn _‘-s∏´ D∏n F∂ hnZym¿∞n BZy-ambn hmbn® t\mh¬ H.N¥p-tat\ms‚ Cµp-te-J-bm-bn-cp-∂p. dmhp _l-Zq¿ H.N¥p-ta-t\ms\ D∏n kmln_v t\cn¬ I≠n-´n-√. 1899 k]vXw-_¿ Ggn\v N¥p-ta-t\m≥ ZnhwK-X-\m-hp-tºmƒ D∏n kmln-_n\v tIhew Ggp hbt D≠m-bn-cp-∂p≈q. F∂m¬ N¥p-ta-t\m-s\-°p-dn®v ]Tn-°m≥ D∏n kmln_v {]tXyI Xmev]-cy-sa-Sp-Øp. dmhp-_-l-Zq¿ H.N¥p-ta-t\m≥ ]c-∏-\-ßmSn tImSXn-bn¬ ap≥ko^v Bbn-cn-°p-tºm-gmWv cN\ Bcw-`n-®Xv F∂v D∏n kmln_v Is≠-Øn. s]m∂m-\n-bnepw N¥p-ta-t\m≥ ap≥ko-^m-bn-cp∂p. tImSXn Kpa-kvX≥, ap≥jn, slUv ap≥jn, k_vP-UvPn, PUvPnF∂o DtZym-K-ß-fn¬ N¥p-ta-t\m≥ Ccp-∂-Xns‚ tcJ-Iƒ Ncn{X hnZym¿∞n-bpsS IuXp-I-tØmsS D∏n kmln_v ]c-Xn-sb-Sp-Øn-´p-≠v. {]K¤ Ncn-{X-Im-c\pw, N{µnI tImgn-t°m-t´°p am‰n-b-t∏mƒ ]{Xm-[n-

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t\Xr-kvar-Xn-k© - nI

tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v

t\Xr-kvar-Xn-k© - nI

tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v

]-Xy-ta-s‰-SpØ s]m∂m-\n-°m-c≥ sI.hn A–p-d-ln-am≥ kmln-_mWv Cu Imcy-Øn¬ D∏nkmln-_ns\ AI-a-gn™p klm-bn--®-Xv. {_Æ≥ tImtf- P n¬ ]Tn- ° p∂ ImeØv D∏n kmln- _ ns‚ s]m∂m\n kµ¿i\w Hcp ]T\ bm{X-bm-bn-cp-∂p. s]m∂m-\n-bn¬ {]Ya ]©m-b-Øv t_m¿Uv cq]o-I-cn-®-t∏mƒ Jm≥ kmln_v B‰-t°mb Xßfm-bn-cp∂p {]kn-U‚ v, {_n´ojv ae-_m-dnse tImS-Xn-I-fn¬ G‰hpw IqSpX¬ A[n-Imc]cn-[n-bp-≈-Xm-bn-cp∂p A°m-esØ s]m∂m\n ap≥ko^v tImS-Xn. kzX{¥ cmPy-ß-tfbpw \m´pcmPy-ß-tfbpw GIo-I-cn®v tI{µ`-cW k{º-Zmbw G¿s∏-Sp-Øn-bXpw ]Sn-™mdv Ad-_n-°-S¬ AXncn´ Xmeq-°n-s‚ LS-\-bp-sams° s]m∂m\n Xmeq°pw tIm´bw Xmeq°p-am-bp≈ ASp-∏-Øns‚ Nn”-ß-fmbn hnZym¿∞n IW-°n-se-Sp-Øp. s]m∂m-\n-bnse ]me-°¬, I≠-Øn¬ hoSp-I-fnse tImSXn {]h¿Ø\hpw tIm´-bs - Ø tIm´m¬, a√m´n hoSp-If - nse IpSpw-_t- Im-SXn Xo¿∏pw s]m∂m\n Bÿm-\-am-bp≈ BZy Xmeq-°mb Iq‰-\mSpw ]gb Xet»cn Xmeq-°mb tIm´-bhpw XΩn-ep≈ ASp∏w hy‡-am-°p-∂p. ae_m-dn¬ G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ P\km{µ-X-bp≈ s]m∂m-\n°v A∂v -a-s‰mcp {]tXy- I X IqSn- b p- ≠ m- b n- c p- ∂ p. tIc- f - Ø n¬ GIo- I rX Ckv e mw aX]T\w (Z¿kv) F∂ Bi-b-Øns‚ Bcw`w Ahn-sS-bm-bncp-∂p. {]ikvX Ckvemw aX I¿Ω imkv{X {KŸw ^Ø-lp¬ apCu-\nt‚bpw -N-cn{X {KŸw Xpl-^-Øp¬ apPm-ln-Zn-s‚bpw c-N-\bpw B[p\nI ae-bmf `mj-bpsS ]nXmhv Xp©-sØ-gp-Ø-—s‚ B≤ym-X-anI cN-\-I-fp-sS D¤hhpw s]m∂m-\n-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Cu A£-c-kvt\lw s]m∂m\n Xe-t»cn _‘-Øns‚ AIew Gsd-°p-d-®p. s]m∂m-\n-bp-sSbpw Xe-t»-cn-bp-sSbpw ]q¿∆-Ime {]Xm-]-a-dn-bm≥ D∏n F∂ hnZym¿∞n _p°m-\s‚ k©mc Ubdn ]c-Xn-∏n-Sn®p hmbn®p. D∏n kmln_v hnZym¿∞n Pohn-X-Im-eØv Gsd hmbn-®Xpw k©mc Ub-dn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. aZn-cmin \nb-a-\n¿ΩmW k`-bn¬ AwK-am-bn-cns° D∏n kmln_v ]gb Fw.- F ¬.F Izmt´- g vkn- e mWv Xma- k n- ® - X v. Ac •mkv tlm¿enIvkpw c≠p _nkv°-‰p-am-bn-cp∂p {]mX¬. hcp-∂-h¿°pw CXp \¬Ipw. Adp-]-Xp-I-fpsS BZy-Øn¬ tPmen tXSn aZn-cm-in-bn-se-Ønb D∏n kmln-_ns‚ _‘phpw IXn-cq¿ kztZ-in-bp-amb dn´. t]meokv kq{]≠v kn.sI apl-Ω-Zn-t\mSv bm{Xm-hn-h-cW {KŸ-߃ hmbn-°m\mWv D∏n kmln_v D]-tZ-in-®-Xv. ]q¿∆-Ime {]Xm]w Adn-bpI am{Xa√ Hmtcm \mSn-s‚bpw PohnXcoXnbpw P\ßfpsS kwkvIm-chpw Adnbm≥ CXp-]-I-cn-°pw. {^m≥knkv _p°ms‚ k©m-c-U-b-dn-bnse Nne Jfin-I-Iƒ At±lw apdn-s®-SpØp kq£n-®n-cp-∂p. s]m∂m-\n-sbbpw Xe-t»-cn-sbbpw Ipdn®v hnh-cn-°p∂ B `mKw At±-lsØ lTm-Zm-I¿jn®n-cn-°mw.

""1800 Unkw-_¿ 14˛ Hcp \Zn-bpsS sXt°-Xo-c-ØmWv s]m∂m\n ]´-Ww. Xt±-in-b-cn¬ Nne¿ ""s]m∂m\n hmbv°¬'' F∂p hnfn-°pw. kº-∂-cpsS GXm≠v \√ A™qdp hoSp-Ifpw ]mh-s∏´ sXmgn-em-fnI-fpsS Bbn-c-tØmfw sNdp-Ip-Sn-ep-Ifpw Chn-sS-bp-≠v. hoSp-Iƒ A[nIhpw I√p-sIm≠v \n¿Ωn® Ccp \ne-sI-´n-S-ß-fm-Wv. Ch ]e `mKØmbn ÿnXn-sN-øp∂p. BsI \m¬]Xp ]≈n-Iƒ. hoSp-Ifpw ]≈nIfpw Hme-sIm≠v ta™-h-bm-Wv. hmkvXp inev] Ie-bn¬ \n¿Ωn® ]≈n-bpsS Ings° Ihm-S-߃°v apI-fn¬ ta¬]pc Ah-km-\n-°p-∂p.

IpSn-ep-Iƒ A[n-Ihpw sslµ-h-cmb a’y-sØm-gn-em-fn-I-fp-tS-Xm-Wv. Chcn¬ A[n-Ihpw Ct∏mƒ apkvenwIfmbn amdn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Chn-SpsØ [\m-Vy¿ AºXp h¿jw apºp-hsc _wKmƒ, kqd-Øv, sNs∂, a° XpS-ßnb CS-ß-fn-te°v Nc-°p-Iƒ Ib‰n Ab-°p∂ sNdnb I∏-epIfpsS DS-a-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p. Ct∏mƒ Ch¿ Xe-t»-cn-bnse hyh-kmb {]apJ≥ aqk-t°bn-bpsS GP-‚mbn {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p. C¥y-bpsS hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn¬ \n∂v [mcmfw I∏-ep-Iƒ ChnsS hcp∂p'' aZn-cmin {Snπnss°-\nse hmem-Pm-tdm-Un¬ ]gb Fw.-F¬.F Izmt´gvkn¬ {Smh-tem-Kns‚ -a-lXzw hnfw-_cw sNbvXn-cp∂ D∏n kmln-_ns\ I≠ cwKw kn.sI apl-Ω-Zn\v ad-°m-\m-hp-∂n-√. tImd-t\-j≥ U¿_mdnse A©p-ss]-k-bpsS kaq-kbpw Hcp •mkv tlm¿enIvkpw k¬°cn®v D∏n kmln_v \¬Inb D]-tZiw hmbn-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ {Smh-temKv hm-bn-°-W-sa-∂m-Wv. apkvenw eoKns‚ ]´n-I-PmXn saº¿ Fw.-N-S-b∂pw D∏n-km-ln-_m-bn-cp∂p AØm-Wn. GXp ka-bhpw NS-b\v D∏n-km-ln_v ¢msk-Sp-°p-sa∂v kn.-sI.-Hm¿Ωn-°p-∂p. F.sI C{_mlnw lmPn \SØp∂ \mj-W¬ Is^-bn¬ \n∂mWv D∏n-km-ln_v Du¨ hcp-Øp-I. Abne s]m-cn-®-Xn-t\mSv D∏n-km-ln_n\v henb C„-am-bn-cp-∂p. {][m\ ImcWw Abne s]m-cn-®Xv am{Xta AhnsS D≠m-hp-I-bp≈q F∂Xp Xs∂.

A°m-e-ØmWv D∏n kmln-_ns‚ G‰hpw henb I≠p-]n-Sp-ØsØ °pdn®v ae-bm-fn-I-fn¬ kwkmc hnj-b-am-hp-∂-Xv. ae-_m¿ `mKØv sSe{Km^v t]mÃns‚ P\-bn-Xmhv D∏n kmln-_m-bn-cp-∂p-h-s{X. D∏n kmln-_ns‚ D∏ amb≥ A[n-Im-cn-sb-∏-‰nbpw a√m´n,- tIm´m¬, Aº-e-Ø-d-Ω¬ ]≈n-bØv Xd-hm-Sp-I-sf-°p-dn®pw Gsd ]d™p tI´ hnhcw kn.-sI.-ap-l-Ω-Zns‚ kl-[¿Ωn-Wnbpw IXn-cq-cnse kn.hn A_q-_-°¿ lmPn-bpsS aI-fp-amb hn.-Fw. kpld Hm¿Ωn-°p-∂p. kpld-bpsS heypΩ ]e-t∏m-gmbn ]d-™p-sIm-SpØ A\p-`h hnh-c-߃ tIm´m¬ Xd-hm-´n-s\-°p-dn®v \ndw aßmØ Nn{X-ambn a\- n¬ ]Xn™p. D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ ktlm-Z-c≥ a-ΩZv lmPn-bpsS Xe-°m-WØv \n∂v IXn-cq-cn-te-°p≈ hchpw {]kn≤ hnj-lm-cn-bmb aΩZv lmPn-

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bpsS kzm[o-\hpw hS-°-bn¬ at≠mØv Xd-hm-´ns\ kº-∂-am-°n-bXmbn A_q-_-°¿ lmPn-bpsS a°ƒ Hm¿°p-∂p. D∏n kmln-_n-s‚bpw aΩ-Zvlm-Pn-bp-sSbpw D∏ H∂pw DΩ c≠p-am-Wv. Xe-t»cn {_Æ≥ tImtf-Pnse ]Tn∏v ]q¿Øn-bm-°nb tijw aZncmin apl-Ω-Z≥kv tImtf-Pn-emWv D∏n kmln_v tN¿∂-Xv. \n -l-I-cW {]ÿm-\hpw Jnem-^Øv {]ÿm-\hpw Bcw-`n® Ime- L - ´ - a m- b n- c p∂p AXv . aXm- ` n- a m- \ n- I fpw tZim- ` n- a m- \ n- I - f p- a mb hnZym¿∞n-I-tfm-sSm∏w At±lw tImtfPv _ln-jvI-cn-®p.

Ccp-]-Xp-I-fpsS BZy-Øn-emWv CZw {]Y-aambn aZn-cmin \nb-a\n¿ΩmW k`-bn-te°v D∏n kmln_v a’-cn-°p-∂X - v. hyh-kmb {]ap-J\mb F.-sI.-Ip-™n-am-b≥ lmPn-bm-bn-cp∂p CXn∂p ]n∂n¬. D∏n kmln_ns\ cm{„ob cwKØpw s]mXp cwKØpw Xnf-ßp∂ Xmc-am-°p-∂X - nIp™n-am-b≥ lmPn hln® ]¶v hfsc hep-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. lmPn kmln_ns‚ ktlm-Zc - n-bm-bn-cp∂p D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ kl-[¿Ωn-Wn. *****

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A¿l-Xbv°v AwKo-Imcw aZn-cm-in-bnse \nb-a-\n¿ΩmW k`-bn-te-°p≈ I∂n-hn-Pbw A¿lXbv°v AwKo-Im-c-am-b-tXmsS tI{µ \nb-a-k-`-bn-te-°pw D∏n-km-ln_ns\ Xs∂-bmWv sXsc-s™-Sp-Ø-Xv. ae-_m¿ apkvenwIƒ sXsc-s™-Sp∏v F∂v tIƒ°m≥ XpS-ßn-bXv apX¬ D∏n kmln-_ns‚ t]cmWv AXn-t\m-S-\p-_-‘n®p tI´-sX∂v {]apJ ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I\pw eoKv Ncn-{X-Im-c-\p-amb Fw. Ben-°p™n 1958˛se IÆq¿ Pn√m apkvenw eoKv tkmh-\o-dn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. \nb-a\n¿amW k`-bn-te°v {]tXyI {]mXn-\n[y hyh-ÿ-b-\p-kcn®v \S∂ BZysØ sXc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ ae-_m-dnse apkvenwIƒ°v c≠p {]Xn-\n-[n-Isfbmbn-cp∂p sXc-s™-Sp-t°-≠n-bn-cp-∂-Xv. Pn√m-Sn-ÿm-\Øn¬ \S∂ sXsc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ D∏n-km-ln_pw Sn.-Fw.-sambvXp kmln_p-amWv hnP-bn-®-Xv. sXt° ae-_m-dp-Im-cn¬ Gsd IuXpIw ]c-ØnbXv D∏n F∂ t]cm-bn-cp-∂p. B t]¿ Ah¿ AXn∂v apºv tI´n-´n-√s{X. \n -l-I-cW {]ÿm-\-Øns‚ Blzm\w am\n®v tImtfPv hn´n-dßnb D∏n kmln_v kztZ-i-amb tIm´-bØv FØnb DS-s\-bmWv Ip™n-am-b≥ lmPn ÿm\m¿∞n-bm-°n-b-sX∂v. D∏n kmln_v Xs∂ ]d-™n-´p≠v ae-_m¿ elf Ign-™-tXmsS am∏n-f-am¿ Zpcn-X-Øn-e-I-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Incm-X-amb a¿±\ apd-Iƒ kln-t°≠n hcn-Ibpw sNbvX-t∏m-gmWv {_n´ojv A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ°p t\sc D∏n-km-ln_v [oc-[ocw s]mcp-Xm≥ \nb-a-k` D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv. 17

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tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v

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tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v

A\m-Ycpw Ah-icpw Ai-c-W-cp-amb \qdp-I-W-°n¬ am∏nf kv{XoIsfbpw Ip´n-I-sfbpw A¥-am-\n-te°v \n¿_-‘-ambn \mSp-I-S-Øp∂ \S]Sn aZn-cmin Kh¿sa‚ v ssIs°m-≠-t∏mƒ AXn-s\-Xnsc D∏n kmln_v k`-bn¬ s]m´nsØdn-®p. A\o-Xnbpw A\ym-bhpw \nµyhpw- \n-jvTq-chp-am-Wn-sX∂pw apkvenw kap-Zmbw CXv s]dp-°n-s√∂pw i‡n-bmbn hmZn® D∏n-km-ln_v k`-°-IØpw ]pdØpw {i≤n-°-s∏-´p. CtXmsS {_n´ojv A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ sR´n-sØ-dn-®p. tlmw saº-dm-bn-cp∂ k¿ aµØv IrjvW≥ \mbsc t]msebp≈ anX-hm-Zn-Ifpw D∏n kmln-_ns‚ `mKØp tN¿∂p. D∏n kmln- _ ns‚ \b- ß sf ]n¥m- ß n- s °m≠v IrjvW≥ \mbcpw B{‘-bnse cm{„ob t\Xmhv kn.-B¿ sdÕnbpw aZn-cm-in-bnse kXy-aq¿Ønbpw k`-bn¬ {]kw-Kn-®p. A]-I-S-Im-cn-bmb sIm®p a\p-jy≥ F∂mWv D∏n-kmln_ns\ bqtdm-]y-\mb tlmw saº¿ hnti-jn-∏n-®-Xv. D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ \nb-a-k`m {]h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ A`n-am-\-I-c-amb A≤ymbw ChnsS Ah-km-\n-°-cp-sX∂v apkvenw kapZm-b-Øn\v \n¿_-‘-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p. 1926 ¬ FXn-cn-√m-sX-bmWv D∏n kmln_v aZn-cmin \nb-a-k-`-bn-te°v sXsc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´Xv. {]K¤ ]m¿e- s a- t ‚- d n- b \pw kap- Z mbkv t \lnbpw amXrImPohnXw \bn® s]mXp P\tkh-I-\p-am-bn-cp∂ D∏n kmln-_n-s\-∏‰n ]pXnb Xe-apdbv°v Adnhp ]I-cm≥ kwhn-[m-\-sam-∂p-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.

DØ-c-tI-c-f-Øns‚ cm{„ob Ncn-{Xw hni-I-e\w sNøp∂ {]apJ Zn\-]-{X-ßfpw ]m¿´n ]{X-ßfpw Hcp hm°v t]mepw D∏n-km-ln-_n-s\°p-dn®v ]d-bm-Xmb L´-Øn-emWv At±-l-Øns‚ Poh-N-cn{Xw tXSn-∏nSn-°p-∂-Xv. aZn-cmin apJy-a{¥n kn.-cm-P-tKm-]m-em-Nm-cnbpw Kh¿Æ¿ {io {]Imip-sams° hmt\mfw ]pI-gvØp-Ibpw kvt\l-]q¿∆w Hm¿°p-Ibpw sNbvX D∏n kmln-_ns\ C„-s∏-Sp-∂-h¿ Cu sIm®p tIc-f-Øn[mcmfw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw Hcp ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-t°≠ hnh-c-߃ \¬Im≥ B¿°pw km≤y-am-bn-√.

Fs‚ Iuam-c-˛-bu-h\ Zi-I-fnse tXP v \nd™ Hcp kvarXn Ncn-{X-am-Wn-t∏mƒ D∏n kmln-_v. Ip´n-°m-eØv ho´n¬ t]m°¿ kmln_n-t\bpw koXn kmln-_n-t\bpw a‰pw \nXyw Hm¿Øp ]d-bp∂ A¥co-£-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXn¬ F∂pw Xnfßn \n∂n-cp∂ Hcp hy‡n-bmbn-cp∂p D∏n kmln-_v.

At±-l-tØm-sSm∏w H∂p c≠p XhW {]kwK thZnbn¬ Rm\pap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. C∂pw Fs∂ DtØ-Pn-∏n-°p∂ A`n-am-\m-h-l-amb Hcp Hm¿Ω-bmWv AsX-\n-°v. ad-°m-\m-hmØ Im¥-i‡n Ie¿∂ D∏n kmln-_ns‚ hy‡n

Pohn-X-Øns‚ Akm-[m-cW hnti-j-߃ ]I¿Øn sh°p-∂Xv D∏nkm-ln-_n-t\mSpw \mSn-t\m-Sp-ap≈ Hcp ISw ho´-embn Rm≥ ImWp-∂p. eoU¿ F∂ hm°ns‚ F√m KpW-ßfpw HØp-tN¿∂ hy‡n-bmbn-cp∂p D∏n-km-ln-_v.

GsXmcp Imcyhpw hn\-b-tØmsS kao-]n®v GXp henb {]iv\hpw kuay-amb s]cp-am‰w sIm≠v HØp Xo¿°p∂ Imcy-Øn¬ {i≤ sImSp°p∂ \b-X-{¥-⁄≥. aZn-cmin \nb-a-\n¿ΩmW k`-bnse ]m¿´n eoU¿ ÿm\sØ sNm√n-bp≈ X¿°w s]m∂m\n hn.-]n.kn Xß-fpsS ho´n¬ JmC-sZ-an-√Øns‚ -km-∂n-≤y-Øn¬ aWn-°q-dp-I-tfmfw \o≠-t∏mƒ t\Xm-°ƒ Bbp[w sh®p Iog-S-ßn-bXv knwl Xpey-amb At±-l-Øns‚ Kmw`ocy-Øn\v apºn-em-Wv. im¥-Kw-`o-c-\mb D∏n kmln_v B¿°pw F∂pw ad-°m-\m-hmØ hy‡n-bm-bn.

Pohn-®n-cp∂ ImeØv Xs∂ kzbw Hcn-Xn-lm-k-ambn amdnb D∏nkm-ln_v AwKo-Im-c-Øns‚tbm {]i-kvXn-bp-sStbm ]n∂mse t]mIm≥ C„-s∏-´n-√. kaq-l-Øn¬ \nc-h[n t]sc kvt\ln®pw klm-bn®pw At±lw hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-Øp. _‘-s∏-Sp∂ Imcy-ßfp-ambn kXy-k-‘-X-]p-e¿Øm-\p≈ khntij hy‡nXzw D∏n kmln_v F∂pw FSp-Øp-Im-´n. kzkap-Zm-bØ - nse Po¿Æ-X-Isf AI-‰p-hm\pw a\p-jys\ a\p-jy-\mbn am{Xw I≠v Ahs‚ hnj-a-X-Iƒ Zqco-I-cn-°p-hm-\p-ap≈ Xo{h-hn-Im-c-amWv At±-lsØ F∂pw \bn-®-Xv. Xe-t»-cn-bn¬ s]mXp Pohn-X-Øn¬ ap≥ ]¥n-bn¬ \n∂ {]K-¤¿ ]ecpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n´pw D∏n kmln-_n\v F√m-bn-SØpw BZ-chpw ÿm\hpw {]tXyI ko‰pw e`n-®Xv At±-l-Øns‚ \nkzm¿∞-Xbpw tkh\ at\m-`m-hhpw kap-Zmb kvt\lhpw Ign-hns‚ \ne-hm-chpw ImcW-am-bm-Wv. Xe-t»cn sabn≥ tdmUnse apkvenw eoKv Hm^o-kn¬ \n∂pw Cdßn \S-°p-tºmƒ IS-I-fnse apX-em-fn-bm-bmepw sXmgn-em-fnbmbmepw Itketbm Ãqtfm sIm≠p-h∂v I®-h-S-Øn-c-°nepw IS-bn¬ kzoI-cn-®n-cpØp-∂Xv IY-t]mse tXm∂p-sa-¶nepw kw`hw Rm≥ t\cn¬ I≠-XmWv. IS-bn¬ D∏n kmln_v IS∂p hcp-∂Xpw Aev] kabw Ccn-°p∂Xpw Hc-\p-{K-l-ambn Icp-Xp-∂-h-cm-tW-sd-bpw. a‰m¿°pw e`n-°mØ Hcp kzoI-cW bm{X-b-b-∏mWv l÷v thfbn¬ Xe-t»cn ap≥kn-∏m-en‰n D∏n kmln-_n∂v \¬In-b-Xv. A∂v ap≥kn∏¬ sNb¿am≥ F.-hn.sI \mb¿ sNbvX {]kw-K-Øn¬ D∏n kmln_ns‚ klm-b-tØbpw kvt\l-tØbpw hn\-b-sØbpw A`n-am-\-

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tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v

tØbpw [oc-X-tbbpw {]iw-kn-®n-cp-∂p. At±lw kr„n® \nc-h[n [\y aplq¿Øßsfbpw ]ecpw tbmK-Øn¬ A\p-kva-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. l÷v bm{X {]am-Wn®v Xe-t»cn ap\nkn-∏¬ Iu¨-kn¬ D∏n-kmln-_n∂p \¬Inb {]uV Kw`o-c-amb bm{X-b-b-∏n-s\-°p-dn®v Fw.kn hS-Ic ""XqenI'-I-bn¬ 2003 sabv amk-Øn-se-gp-Xnb teJ-\-ØnCßs\ hnh-cn-°p∂p: ""D∏n-km-ln-_n-\p≈ bm{X-b-b∏v tbmK-Øn¬ IΩyq-WnÃv Imc-\mb ap≥kn-∏¬ sNb¿am≥ {io. F.-hn.sI \mb¿ sNbvX kzmKXw Fs∂ Bth-i-Øns‚ sImSp-ap-Sn-bn-se-Øn-®p. Cu F√pw tXmep-ambn ImWp∂ DW-ßnb a\p-jy-\mWv D∏n-km-ln_v F∂v \n߃ sX‰n-≤-cn-t°-≠.

CXv knwl-am-Wv. hntZi km{am-Py-Xz-Øns‚ apºn¬ `mc-X-Øns‚ kzmX-{¥y-Øn\p th≠nbpw tI{µ kwÿm\ \nb-a-k-`-I-fn¬ ]mh߃°v th≠nbpw ]m´-°p-Sn-bm-∑m¿°v th≠nbpw K¿÷\w apg-°nb hoc-knw-lw. B Aaq-ey-amb tkh-\-Øn∂v apºn¬ Cu cmPyw apgph≥ IS-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂psh∂v sNb¿am≥ ]d-™-t∏mƒ Fs‚ IÆp-Iƒ kt¥mjw sIm≠v Xpfp-ºn-t∏m-bn. A∂v D∏n-km-ln_v Fw.-]n.-sbm, Fw.F¬.F tbm Bbn-cp-∂n-√. A[n-Im-c-sam-∂p-an-√mØ Hcp cm{„ob t\Xmhv am{Xw ( apkvenw eoKm-bXp sIm≠v A[n-Im-c-Øn-se-Øp-sa∂v {]Xo-£-bp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√) At±lw Xe-t»cn \K-c-°m-c-\p-ambncp∂n√. Aß-s\-bp≈ Hcmƒ Hcp aX- I¿Ωw \n¿∆-ln-°m≥ t]mIp-tºmƒ Hcp ap≥kn-∏m-en‰n bm{X-b-b∏v \¬Ip-I. AXn¬ sh®v A\y]m¿´n°m-c-\mb Hcp t\Xmhv hmt\mfw ]pIgvØn∏-d-bp-I. tIm´m¬ D∏n-kmln_v F∂ Akm-am\y hy‡n-Xz-Øns‚ {]mK-¤y-sa-s¥∂v Xncn-®-dnbm-\p≈ AS-bmf hmIy-ambncp∂p B kw`hw-.'' tI´m¬ sImXn-Xo-cmØ hoc-KmY F∂ io¿j-I-Øn-ep≈ Fw.-kn.bpsS teJ-\-Øn¬ ]ecpw tIƒ°mØXpw tI´m¬ A¤pXw Iqdp-∂Xp-amb Ht´sd hnh-c-ß-fp-≠v. ""{_n´ojv hncp≤ ka-c-Øns‚ `mK-ambn hnZym¿∞n-Isf tImtfPv _ln-jvI-cn-°m≥ alm-flm-Km‘n Blzm\w sNbvX-t∏mƒ {]kn-U≥kn tImtf-Pn¬ \n∂v ]Tn∏p apS°n BZy-ambn ]pd-Øp-h∂ hnZym¿∞n t\Xmhv D∏n-km-ln-_m-bn-cp-∂p. (c≠m-aX - mbn ]pd-Øp-h∂ - Xv A∂v AtX tImtf-Pn¬ ]Tn-®n-cp∂ JmCsZ an√Øv ap-l-ΩZv Ckva-bn¬ kmln_pw. Ccp-hcpw A∂v tIm¨{K- ns‚ ]S-°p-Xn-c-Iƒ. tZiob {]ÿm-\-Øns‚ `mK-ambn tImgn-t°mSv amXr-`qan Zn\∏{Xw Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xnepw D∏n kmln-_n∂v Hcp {][m\ ]¶p≠m-bn-cp-∂p. apkvenw tZiob t\Xm-°-∑m¿ Iq´-tØmsS apkvenw eoKn¬ tNcm≥ XpS-ßnb ap∏-Xp-I-fn-emWv kØm¿ tk´p km-ln-_n-t\m-sSm∏w D∏n

kmln_pw apkvenw eoKns‚ t\Xr-th-Zn-bn-se-Øp-∂-Xv. A∂sØ ]m¿esa‚mb sk≥{S¬ Akw-ªn-bn-te°v At±lw sXsc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´p. ]n∂oSv a{Zm-kv \n-ba k`-bnepw a{Zmkv sePn-t…-‰ohv Iu¨knenepw At±lw AwK-am-bn. AXv {_n´ojv `c-W-Imeambn-cp-∂p. \ma-am-{X-amb `q]-cn-jvI-c-W-Øns‚ t]cn¬ Akw-ªn-bn¬ ae-_m¿ IpSn-bm≥ \nbaw N¿®°v h∂-t∏mƒ k`-bn¬ IpSn-bm∑mcp-sSbpw Irjn-°m-cp-sSbpw i–w apg-ßn-bXv P∑w sIm≠v P∑n-]p-{X-\mb D∏n-km-ln-_n¬ IqSn-bm-bn-cp∂p. IpSn Hgn-∏n-°-ens\ At±lw \J-in-Jm¥w FXn¿Øp. tI´mepw aXn-hc - mØ tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ {]kwKw I¿jI P\-Xsb Cf-°n-ad - n®p. ]Øp sIm√w XpS¿®-bmbn ]m´w sImSp-°mØ IpSn-bm-∑msc Hgn-∏n-°-W-sa∂v Kh¿sa≠v hmZn-®-t∏mƒ ""t\m˛-˛-t\m.....\qdv sIm√w ]m´w sImSp-Øn-s√-¶nepw ]m´-°p-Sn-bms\ Ahs‚ `qan-bn\n∂v Cd°n hnS-cp-sX∂v CSn-sh-´oSpw hÆw D∏n-km-ln_v K¿÷n-®p.'' ""k`bn¬ A≤y£w hln® {_n´ojv Kh¿Æ¿ B¿®v _m≥kvss\ £p-`n-X\ - m-bn. At±lw D∏n kmln-_n-t\mSv ]d™p. anÿ D∏nkmln_v \n߃ P∑n-Ip-Spw-_-amb tIm´m¬ Xd-hm-´nse AwK-am-sW∂ Imcyw ad-°-cp-Xv. AXn\v D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ {]Xn-h-N-\w: ""IT IS NOT MY CONSTITUENCY SIR'' F-∂m-bn-cp-∂p.

P\n-®Xv P∑n ho´n-em-sW-¶nepw Xm≥ {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p-∂Xv P∑nXzsØ As√∂pw ae-_m-dnse ]mh-s∏´ ]m´-°p-Sn-bm-∑m-cpsS h‡mhmWv Xms\∂pw hy‡-am-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p D∏n-km-ln-_v. tIc-f-Øn\n∂v P∑nØw XpS®p \o°-s∏-Sp∂ {]{In-b-bpsS XpS-°-am-bn-cp∂p AXv.'' D∏n kmln-_ns‚ A\-\y-km-[m-c-W-amb hy‡nXzw A\m-hcWw sNøp∂ Fw.-kn.-bpsS teJ\w Cßns\ XpS-cp-∂p: ""kzmX-{¥y-Øn\v tijw BZyw \S∂ \nb-a-k`m sXsc-s™-Sp∏n¬ (1952 P\p-h-cn) Xncq¿ \ntbm-PI afi-e-Øn¬ \n∂mWv aZn-cmin \nb-a-k-`-bn-te°v D∏n kmln_v ho≠pw hnP-bn-®-Xv. tIc-f-Ønse G‰hpw henb IΩyq-WnÃv _p≤n Pohn-bmb sI. Zmtam-Z-c-\m-bn-cp∂p D∏n kmln- _ n- s \- X nsc a’- c n® Hcp ÿm\m¿∞n (At±- l - Ø ns‚ PmaykwJy \„-s∏-´p.) a{Zmkv Akw-ªn-bn¬ apkvenw eoKv \nb-a-k-`m-I-£n-bpsS eoUdmbpw D∏nkmln_v sXsc-™-Sp-°-s∏´p \mS-Io-b-amb cwK-ß-fneqsSbmWv At±lw \mb-I-\mbn Ah-tcm-[n-°-s∏-´-Xv.'' B IY IqSn Fw.kn hnh-cn-°p-∂p. ""]m¿´n eoUsd sXsc-s™-Sp-°m≥ eoKv Fw.-F¬.F am¿ JmCsZ an√Øv ap-l-ΩZv Ckvam-bn¬ kmln-_ns‚ A≤y-£-X-bn¬ tbmKw tN¿∂p. B tbmK-Øn¬ sh®v D∏n kmln-_ns‚ A\p-`h kº-Øn-

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tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v

s\-°p-dn®p A°-an´v hnh-cn®p sIm≠v as‰mcp Fw.-F¬.F bmb sI.Fw.-koXn kmln_v {]kw-Kn-®p. BI-bm¬ D∏n-km-ln_mWv eoU-dmth-≠-sX∂v koXn-km-ln_v ka¿∞n-®p. AXn-t\mSv F√m Fw.-F¬.F amcpw tbmPn-®p. ]t£ D∏n-km-ln_v am{Xw AXn-t\mSv tbmPn-®n-√. ]m¿´n eoU-dm-Im≥ F√mw sIm≠pw A¿l≥ koXn kmln-_m-sW∂pw AXpsIm≠v koXn kmln-_ns\ eoU-dm-°-W-sa-∂p-am-bn-cp∂p D∏n kmln-_ns‚ hmZw. F∂m¬ D∏n kmln-_v D≈-t∏mƒ Xms\mcn-°epw eoU¿ ]Zhn kzoI-cn-°n-s√∂pw AXv Kpcp-\n-µbpw acym-Z-tI-Sp-a-mbn-Øocp-sa∂pamWv koXn kmln-_ns‚ \ne-]m-Sv. Cu kwhmZw Bdv aWn°qtdmfw XpS¿∂p.

HSp-hn¬ KXy-¥-c-an-√msX ]m¿´n {]kn-U‚ v F∂ \ne-bn¬ JmCsZ an√Øv C-S-s]-Sp-Ibpw D∏n-km-ln-_ns\ eoU-dmbn {]Jym-]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.'' *****

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N¥p \ºym-cpsS ka-Im-eo-\≥ {]`m-j-I≥, Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥,-{In-an-\¬ h°o¬,-k-ap-Zmb {]h¿ØI≥ F∂o \ne-I-fn¬ {]kn-≤-\mb Xe-t»cnbnse sI.-Sn.-N-¥p-\-ºym¿ D∏n kmln-_ns‚ ka-Im-eo-\-\m-bn-cp-∂p. 1888¬ P\n® N¥p \ºym¿°v 1891 ¬ P\n® D∏n kmln-_n-s\-°mƒ aq∂p hb p aq∏p-≠v. Pohn-®ncp∂ ImeØv Xs∂ kzbw CXn-lm-k-ambn amdp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p Ccp-hcpw. kmln-Xy-Øns‚ B[m-c-s∏m-cp-fp-I-fnepw am\-hob imkv{Xob hnjb- ß - f nepw cm{„o- b - Ø nepw Ccp- h ¿°p- a p- ≠ m- b n- c p∂ Ah- K mlw {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ {]Xn-^-en-°p-∂p. \mb¿ kap-Zm-b-Ønse ]e A\m-Nm-c-ßfpw \n¿am¿÷\w sNøm≥ N¥p\ºym¿ Bthi ]q¿∆w {]h¿Øn-°p-tºmƒ Ahi kap-Zm-bØns‚ c£bv°v ]S-s]m-cp-Xp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p D∏n kmln-_v. _ncpZw t\Sm\pw \nba ]T-\-Øn-∂p-ambn aZn-cm-in-bn¬ Xma-k-am°nb Ime- Ø mWv hy‡n- s sh- ` hw hnI- k n- ∏ n- s ®- S p- ° m≥ N¥p \ºym¿°v km[n-®-sX-¶n¬ ae-_m-dn¬ Pzen-®p-\n∂ cm{„ob i‡n-bpsSbpw {]_-e-amb kmwkvIm-cnI i‡n-bp-sSbpw Imh-em-fmbn amdm\pw ISpØ cm{„ob i{Xp-°f - psS t]mepw kvt\lm-Zc - h - p-Iƒ ]nSn®p ]‰m\pw D∏n kmln-_n∂v If-sam-cp-°n-bXv aZn-cmin Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

A°m-eØv Cu c≠p-sNdp-∏-°mcpw B\p-Im-enI {]kn-≤o-I-c-Wß-fn-eqsS Ht´sd ]cn-h¿Ø-\-߃ kr„n-®p. A∂sØ Unkv{SnŒv t_m¿Un¬ saº¿am-cm-bn-cp∂ hSs° ae-_m-dp-Im-cpsS A\m-ÿ-sb22

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tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v

∏-‰nbpw hnZym-`ym-k-Im-cy-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw tZiob cm{„o-bsØ kw_‘n®pw tIc-f-]-{Xn-I-bnepw tIcf k©m-cn-bnepw anX-hm-Zn-bnepw KPtI-k-cn-bnepw kXy-hm-Zn-bnepw kzm`n-am-\n-bnepw h∂ teJ-\-߃°v ]n∂nse {]tNm-Z-I¿ N¥p\ºymcpw D∏n kmln-_p-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]e Imcyß-fnepw Ah¿ HØp ]nSn-®p.

Pn√m hnZym-`ymk Iu¨kn¬ AwKw F∂ \ne-bn¬ IXn-cq¿ kvIqfns\ sslkvIq-fm°n Db¿Øm≥ N¥p \ºym-cpsS {ia-Øn\v ]n≥_-e-ta-In-bXv D∏n kmln-_m-bn-cp-∂p. lb¿ Fe-sa‚dn kvIqfns\ sslkvIq-fm°n Db¿Ø-Ww F∂ {]tabw 1922 ¬ tIm´bw Xmeq°v t_m¿Un¬ D∏n kmln-_ns‚ \n¿_-‘-{]-Imcw Ah-X-cn-∏n-®-Xns\ XpS¿∂mWv Unkv{SnŒv t_m¿Uv {]kn-U≠pw kvIqƒ C≥kvs]-Œdpw IXn-cq-cn¬ h∂v s]mXp P\m-`n-{]mbw kzcq-]n-®-Xv. am∏n-f-am-cpsS hnZym-`ymk ]nt∂m-°m-h-ÿ-bn¬ Ccp-h-cp-sSbpw a\w s\m¥n-cp-∂p. hnZym-`ymk {]N-c-W-Øn-\p≈ Hc-h-k-chpw Ah¿ ]mgm°n-b-Xp-an-√. 1920 ¬ DØc tIc-fob \mb¿ kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ H≥]Xmw hm¿jnI tbmK-Øn¬ N¥p\ºym¿ £Wn-°-s∏´p. \n¿_-‘-ambpw ]s¶-Sp-t°≠ tbmK-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. ]s£ N¥p\ºym¿ t]mbXv I°mSv t_m¿Uv am∏nf kvIqfn¬ hnZym-`ymkw F∂ hnj-bsØ°pdn®v {]kw-Kn-°m-\m-bn-cp-∂p. \mb¿ kam-P-hp-ambn N¥p-\-ºym-cpsS _‘w IW-°n-se-Sp-Øm¬ hnZym-`ymk taJ-e-tbm-Sp≈ At±-l-Øns‚ ASp∏w hy‡-am-hp-∂p. hnZym-`ymk Iu¨kn¬ AwKw, kwÿm-\kvIqƒ IΩn‰n saº¿, Xmeq°v t_m¿Uv {]kn-U‚ v F∂o \ne-I-fn{]h¿Øn-°p-tºm-sgms° D∏n kmln-_n-s‚bpw G.sI Ip™n-am-b≥ lmPn-bp-sSbpw tImbm-apt°bn-bp-sSbpw _mhp tIbn-bp-sSbpw A`n{]m-b-߃ Bcm-™n-cp-∂p.

Ahn-`-‡-apkvenw eoKns‚ {]apJ t\Xmhv kØm¿ tk´v Hcp t]meokv ]oU-\-tI- n¬ {]Xn-bmbncp∂-t∏mƒ {]Xn-`mKw h°o-embn N¥p \ºymsc \n¿t±-in-®Xv D∏n kmln-_m-bn-cp-∂p. tIkn¬ {]Xnsb shdpsX hn´-t∏mƒ N¥p \ºymsc tImS-Xn-bn¬ sh®v kØm¿ tk´p lmc-a-Wn-bn-®-Xn∂v D∏n-km-ln_pw km£yw hln-®p. kmlnXy]c-amb Nn¥m-K-Xnbnepw N¥p \ºymcpw D∏n-km-ln_pw XΩn¬ kmay-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. kmlnXy t{]an-I-fm-bn-cp∂p Ccp-h-cpw. Cµpte-J-bpsS coXn-bn¬ Fgp-Xnb hkp-a-Xnsb Ccp-hcpw \nin-X-ambn hna¿in-®n-cp-∂p. kmlnXy ]cn-j-Øp-ambn D‰-_-‘-amWv Ccp-hcpw ]pe¿Øn-b-Xv. kmlnXy ]cnjØns‚ Xe-t»-cn-bn¬ \S∂ hm¿jnI ktΩ-f-\-ØnsI.-Fw. koXn kmln_v A≤y-£X hln-®Xv D∏n kmln_v A`n-am-\-

tØmsS Ab-hn-d-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ N¥p\ºym¿ kmln-Xy-]-cnj-Øp-ambn AI∂v bph-P\ kmlnXy ktΩ-f\w kwL-Sn-∏n-®-t∏mgpw c≠nepw tNcmsX \n¬°p-I-bmbncp∂p D∏n-km-ln-_v.

P∑-tZ-i-Øns‚ kmZr-iy-Ønepw c≠p-t]cpw `mKy-hm-∑m-cm-Wv. A`nam-\n-I-fpsS \mSmb amhn-em-bn-bn-emWv N¥p \ºym-cpsS P\\w. ]Sn™mdv `mKØv {]uUntbmsS Fcn-t™-cn-a-e. ]®-∏p-X-∏n´v ]c∂p InS°p∂ s\¬ hb¬ Ccp-h-cp-sSbpw Xd-hm-SpIƒ°v X¶-°kh-Wn-bn-®ncn-°p∂p. -h-b-en∂v Ipdp-sI-bp≈ tXmSp-Iƒ Ccp ÿeØpw KwK t]mse Hgp-Ip-∂p. Bbn-eyØv Xd-hm-´nse NmØp-°p´n \ºym-cpsS aI\mbn 1888 ¬ N¥p \ºym¿ P\n-°p-∂p. aq∂p h¿jw ]n∂n-Sp-tºmƒ tIm´bw Xd-hm-´n¬ amb≥ A[n-Im-cn-bpsS aI-\mbn D∏n kmln_pw P\n-°p-∂p. Ccp-h-cp-sSbpw Xd-hm-Sp-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´v At\Iw {]apJ-∑m¿. ]e¿°pw ]e Awi-ß-fp-sSbpw B[n-]-Xyw. ImXn¬ ISp-°\pw Xe-bn¬ IpSp-a-bp-ambn N¥p \ºym¿ ImSm-®nd kvIqfn¬ t]mIp-tºmƒ apfi\w sNbvX Xe-bn¬ sXm∏n-b-Wn™v D∏n kmln_v {]mY-anI hnZym-`ym-k-Øn-\n-d-ßn-Øn-cn-°p-∂p. Ccp-hcpw {_Æ≥ tImtf-Pn-seØp∂p. ]n∂oSv aZn-cm-in-bn-se-Øp-∂p. P∑-\m-´n¬ Xncn-s®-Øn-b-tXmsS Ch¿ s]mXp cwKØv {it≤-b-cm-hp-∂p. a´-∂q¿ a[pkqZ-\≥ Xß-fp-ambn D∏n kmln_v ASp-°p-∂Xpw N¥p \ºym¿ aptJ-\-bm-Wv. Xe-t»cn Xncp-h-ßmSv NmtØmØv aT-ØnX߃ Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ Ime-ØmWv IqSp-X¬ ASp-Ø-Xv. lcn-P\ tkh\-Øn∂p th≠n PohnXw Dgn™p sh® kzcmPy ]m¿´n t\Xmhv hn.B¿ \mb-\m-cp-am-bpw D∏n-km-ln-_n\v ASpØ _‘w D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. kzcmPy ]m¿´n°v ]pdsa shÃv tImÃv kvs]-Œ¿ F∂ ]{Xhpw _‘Øn\v Xnf°w Iq´n. IS-Ø-\mSv DZ-b-h¿Ω-Ø-ºp-cm≥ \S-Ønb P\-cRvPn\n ]{X-Øns‚ ]{Xm-[n-]-cm-bn-cp∂ sI.kn \mcm-b-W≥ \ºym¿ tZiob {]ÿm-\-Øn¬ BIr-„-\mb hn. ssccp\ºym¿ XpSßnbhcpw Ccph-scbpw kzm[o-\n-®n-cp-∂p. ae-bm-f-ÿ-e-t∏-cp-Iƒ°v A_-≤-P-Un-e-amb -am-‰-߃ hcp-Øn-sh®Xv tIc-f-Øn-se-Ønb ]m›m-Xy-cm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂ hnizm-k-°m-c-\m-bncp∂p D∏n-km-ln_v. km[m-cW ae-bmf hm°p-Iƒ t]mepw sh≈-°m¿ hnIr-X-am-°n-bn-´p-s≠∂v At±lw ka¿∞n-°m-dp-ap-≠v. kwkvIr-X-tØmSp≈ A`n-\n-thiw ImcWw ae-bm-f-hm-°p-Iƒ°v Kuchw t]msc∂v hmZn-®-h¿ ÿe-t∏-cp-Iƒ kwkvIr-Xo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ ImWn® hncpXpw D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ ImeØv N¿®m-hn-j-b-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v. ÿe-\m-a-ß-fn{]mNo\ Ncn-{X-e-£y-߃ F{X-tØmfw {]Z¿in-X-am-bn-´p-s≠∂v KthjWw \S-Øm≥ A∂v Nnd-°¬ Sn. _me-Ir-jvW≥ \mb¿ am{Xsa Imcy-am-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q.

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tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v

IÆq¿ sslkvIq-fn¬ h∂v Hcn-°¬ cmP-tKm-]m-em-Nmcn {]kw-Kn®-t∏mƒ IÆs‚ ( {ioIr-jvW-s‚) DucmWv IÆq¿ F∂v ]d-™n-cp∂p. Cu Imcy-Øn¬ X¿°n-°m\pw D∏n-km-ln_v apXn¿∂n-√. hnZym\n[n ]n. Ip™n-cm-a-°p-dp∏v F∂ {][m-\-A-≤ym-]-I≥ Im\-Øq¿ F∂ t]¿ hcm≥ ImcWw BZy-ambn hS-s°-a-e-_m-dn¬ lnµp-°ƒ Ckvemw aX-Øn¬ tN¿∂v "Im\Øv" Ign-®-Xp-sIm-≠mWv F∂v ]d-™p-tI-´t∏mgpw D∏n-km-ln_v I£n tN¿∂n-√. ap≥ Ime-ß-fn¬ hSs° ae_m-dn¬ hnhn[ PmXn kmaq-l-°m-cpsS hk-Xn-Iƒ°v sht∆sd t]cp-Ifp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. \ºq-XncnamcpsS hk-Xn°v C√w F∂pw a\-sb∂pw ]ctZin {_m“-W-cpsS Krl-Øn\v aTw F∂pw A[xIrX h¿§-°m-cpsS Be-b-߃°v Nmf F∂pw apkvenwIfpsS hk-Xn°v "]pc' F∂psams°. CXn-s\-°p-dn®pw D∏n-km-ln_v Kth-j-W-Øn\v t]mbn-√. AXpsIm≠p Xs∂ tIm´mepw Aº-e-Ø-dbpw acn-°-dm-Sbpw c≠p-]p-cbpw a√m-‰n-bp-sams° Fßs\ h∂p F∂Xpw A⁄m-Xa - m-bn. tIm´bw \mSphm-gn-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ ]gb \mS≥ ]m´p-I-fnepw bp≤-°-Y-I-fnepw {i≤ sh°m≥ D∏n kmln-_n\v Xmev]-cy-°p-dhpw D≠m-bn-√. ]gb Ncn{X hkvXp-X-Iƒ shdpw IY-I-sft∂m s]mcp-f‰ Xam-i-I-sft∂m A\m-hiy-sam-gn-I-sft∂m IcpXn Hcp ]s£ B Xe-apd X≈n-°-f-™n-cn-°mw.

CXp ImcWw tIc-f-Øns‚ {]mNo\ Ncn{Xw A\p-{I-a-ambn Fgp-Xm≥ ]n∂o-Sp-≈-h¿°v km≤y-am-b-Xp-an√. teml-Ø-In-Sp-I-fnepw ]\-tbm-eI-fnepw ]I¿Øn sh®n-cp∂ F{Xtbm hnin„ {KŸ-߃ \in®Xv Ncn{X ]c-amb hkvXp-X-Iƒ kam-l-cn-°m≥ hnj-a-hp-ap-≠m-°n. *****

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tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v

tIcf apkvenw aPvenkn1930 emWv D∏n-km-ln_v kl-{]-h¿Ø-tcm-sSm∏w tN¿∂v tIcf apkvenw aPvenkv ÿm]n-®-Xv. aPven-kns‚ kn{I-´dn ÿm\hpw At±lw Gs‰-Sp-Øp. tIcf apkvenwIfpsS kmaq-lyhpw hnZym-`ymk ]c-hp-amb \thm-∞m-\-Øn\v Cu kwL-S\ Gsd klm-b-I-ambnØo¿∂ncp∂p. aZn-cmin \nb-a-\n¿ΩmWk`-bnse kzcmPy ]m¿´n-bpsS sk{I-´-dn-bmbn sXsc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´Xpw D∏n-km-ln-_m-bn-cp-∂p. Bh-iyhpw kµ¿`hpw A\p-k-cn-®-√msX At±lw \nb-k-`-bn¬ kwkm-cn-°p-I-bn-√. Bh-iyamb Imcy-߃ Bcp-sSbpw apJw t\m°msX ]d-bp-Ibpw sNøpw AXpw anX-amb kzc-Øn¬,-hy-‡-amb `mj-bn¬ Imcy-ImcW kln-X-amWv ]d™p Xo¿°p-I. Cu Imc-W-Øm¬ GXp ImeØpw \nb-a-\n¿ΩmW k` D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ A`n-{]m-b-߃ {i≤m-]q¿∆w tIƒ°p-Ibpw At±lw D∂-bn-°p∂ Bhiy-߃°v ]cn-K-W\ \¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp t]m∂p. 1952 se sXc-s™-Sp-∏n-emWv apkvenw eoKv Sn°-‰n¬ aZn-cmin Akw-ªn-bn-te°v a’-cn-°p-∂-Xv. tIcf apkvenw aPven-kn¬ kPo-hambn {]h¿Øn-®n-cp-∂-h-cn¬ ]ecpw ]n∂oSv apkvenw eoKn¬ tNt°-dn. aPv-enkv GsXmcp Dt±-i-Øn\v kwL-Sn-®pthm AtX Dt±i km[yØn\mbn AJn-te-¥ym-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p∂ eoKn∂v hgn-am-dn-s°mSp-°m≥ aPvenkv Xocp-am-\n-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. tIc-f-apkvenw aPven-kns‚ {]Ya ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ Jm≥ kmln_v sI. Ip™-ΩZv tImb sNbvX kzmKX {]kwKw D∏n-km-ln_v Fgp-Xnb-Xm-sW∂v ]d-™p-tI-´n-´p-≠v. ""aZn-cmin Kh¿sa‚ v Cu kwÿm-\27

t\Xr-kvar-Xn-k© - nI

tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v

Øn¬ A©p apkvenw sslkvIqƒ \S-Øp-∂p-≠v. ]s£ kwÿm-\Øns‚ apkvenw P\-kw-Jy-bn¬ ap∂n¬ Hcp `mKw hcp∂ ae-_m-dnHscm‰ apkvenw sslkvIqƒ t]mepw Kh¿sa‚ v \S-Øp-∂n-√. hnZym-eb-ß-fn¬ aX-]-T\w A\p-h-Zn®p sIm≠v am∏nf kv{XoI-fpsS hnZym-`ymk \ne°v ]cn-lmcw ImW-Ww. tIc-f-Ønse Ppap-AØv ]≈n-Isf tI{µo-I-cn-®p≈ Pam-A-ØpIsf GIo-I-cn®v i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw k°m-Øv, hJ^v apX-emb s]mXp [\-ßsf aXm-\p-kr-X-ambn \nb-{¥n-°m\pw aPven-kns\ D]-tbm-K-s∏Sp-Øn-bn-cp-∂p.

1988 G{]n-en¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn® tIcf apkvenw \thm-∞m\ Ncn{X-Øn¬ tIcf apkvenw aPvenkns\-°p-dn-®p≈ A≤ym-b-Øn¬ ap∏Xp-I-fpsS XpS-°-Øn¬ tIc-f-Øn¬ kPo-h-am-bn-cp∂ Hcp kwL-S-\bmWv aPvenkv F∂v tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

1933 se apkvenw aPvenkv dnt∏m¿´pw AXn¬ tN¿Øn-´p-≠v.

AXn¬ ]d-bp∂ `mc-hm-ln-Iƒ: Fw. Pam¬ apl-ΩZv ({]kn-U‚ v) Jm≥ kmln_v sI. Ip™ΩZv tImb, kn.-sI.]n kq∏n-°p-´nt°bn (sshkv {]kn-U‚p-am¿) sI. D∏n-km-ln-_v, lmPn A–p¬ kØm¿, lmPn CkvlmJv tk´v (-sk-{I´-dn-am¿) apl-ΩZv A–p-d-ln-am≥ kmln_v (I¨ho-\¿ hnZym-`ymk t_m¿Uv) *****

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tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v

D∏v kXym-{K-lhpw D∏n-km-ln-_pw 1931 ¬ tIm¨{Kkv D∏v kXym-{Klw kwL-Sn-∏n-®-t∏mƒ D∏n kmln_v Fgp-Xnb teJ\w C¥y≥ kzmX¥y ka-c-Øn\v Xs∂ kp[oc-amb as‰mcp apJw \¬Ip-∂-Xm-bn. D∏n kmln_v U¬ln-bn¬ sN∂v hSs° C¥y-bnse ÿnXn-K-Xn-Iƒ t\cn´v ]Tn-®-dn™p sIm≠m-bn-cp∂p teJ\w Xøm-dm-°n-b-Xv. apkven-wIƒ°v Hcp {]tXyI kwL-S\ Bhiy-am-sW∂ Nn¥m-KXn P\-lr-Z-b-ß-fn¬ D±o-]n-∏n-°m≥ {]kvXpX teJ\w ]cym- ] v X - a m- b n- c p∂psh∂v kn.- s I.]n.sNdnb aΩp- t °bn Bh¿Øn®p ]d-bm-dp-≠v.

Cu teJ-\-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´v A∂sØ Unkv{SnŒv t_m¿Uv {]knU‚m-bn-cp∂ Sn.Fw sambvXp kmln-_ns‚ hk-Xn-bn¬ Iptd apkvenw t\Xm-°ƒ HØp IqSn N¿® \S-Øn-bXv tIcf apkvenw aPven-kns‚ ]nd-hn°v Imc-W-ambn F∂v tIbn kmln_v tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. tIcf apkvenw aPven-kns‚ {]h¿Ø-\-Øn-te°v Ad-°¬ cmPm kmln-_ns\bpw kn.-]n. aΩpt°bn-sbbpw B --- Ir-„-cm-°n-bXv D∏n-km-ln-_m-bncp-∂p. aPvenkns‚ {]Ya ktΩ-f\w hnP-b-I-c-ambn Xe-t»cn \S-ØnbXv kzmKX kwL-Øns‚ kn{I-´-dn-bm-bn-cp∂ -D-∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ {]bXv\-^-e-am-bn-cp-∂p.

Xe-t»-cn-bn¬ {]h¿Øn-®n-cp∂ ""apkvenw ¢∫ns\'' N¿®m-th-Znbm°n ]cn-h¿Øn-∏n-®Xpw D∏n-km-ln-_m-bn-cp-∂p. aX-]-c-amb hnj-bßfpw tZiob {]m[m-\y-ap≈ Imcy-ßfpw kPoh N¿®bv°v hnt[-b-am°n- b Xp ImcWw F.- s I.- I p- ™ n- a m- b ≥ lmPn, kn.- ] n.- a Ωp- t °- b n, 29

t\Xr-kvar-Xn-k© - nI

tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v

Sn.Fw.apkm-km-ln_v XpS-ßn-b-hcpw Xe-t»-cn-bn¬ {]mŒokv Bcw-`n® sI.-Fw. koXn-km-ln_pw ¢∫nse ÿncw kµ¿i-I-cm-bn. Xe-t»-cnbn¬ Unkv{SnŒv skj≥kv PUvPn-bm-bn-cp∂ ao¿ ssk\p-±o≥ ¢∫pambn kl-I-cn®v kmaqly {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ hym]r-X-\m-bn.

1934 apX¬ 1956 hsc c≠p ]Xn-‰m-≠n-tesd Imew Xe-t»-cn-bnIgn™ koXn-km-ln-_n\v hn´p]n-cn-bmØ Iq´p-Im-c-\m-bn-cp∂p D∏n-kmln-_v. 1956 G{]n¬ c≠n\v Xe-t»-cn-bn¬ \S∂ Xmeq°v apkvenw eoKv tIm¨^-d≥kn¬ D∏n-km-ln-_n-t\m-sSm-∏-ap≈ koXn-km-ln-_ns‚ BKa\w XIv_o¿[z-\n-I-tfm-sS-bmWv P\w kzoI-cn-®-Xv. JmCsZ an√Øv -apl-ΩZv CkvamCu¬ kmln-_ns‚ A≤y-£-X-bn¬ tN¿∂ {]kvXpX ktΩ-f\w koXn kmln-_n-∂p≈ bm{X-b-b∏p IqSn-bm-bn.

Xe-t»-cn-bnse hmk-ap-t]-£n®v FdWm-Ip-f-tØ°v Xmakw am‰phm≥ Xocp-am-\n®v 1956 G{]n¬ 5\v koXn kmln_v Xe-t»cn sdbn¬sh tÃj-\n-se-ØnbXv D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ IqsS-bm-bn-cp-∂p. h≥P-\-°q-´-ambn-cp∂p A∂v tÃj-\n-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. koXn-km-ln-_ns‚ sXm´-SpØ Itk-e-bn¬ D]hn-jvS-\m-bn-cp∂ D∏n-km-ln_v timI-aq-I-amb Hc-¥-co£-Øn∂v km£yw hln-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

Xe-t»-cn-°m¿°v Bh-iy-ap-≈-t∏m-sgms° £Wn-®m¬ koXn kmln_v FØpw F∂p≈ Hcp-d∏v D∏n-km-ln_v P\-°q-´-Øn\v \¬In. 1958 ¬ ap\nkn-∏¬ D]-sX-sc-s™-Sp∏v thf-bn¬ koXn-km-ln_v Xe-t»cn h∂p. 1960se s]mXp sXc-s™-Sp∏v Ah-k-c-Ønepw koXnkm-ln_v Xe-t»-cn-bn-se-Øn. AJn-te¥ym tIm¨{K v {]kn-U≠v \oew kRvPoh sdÕn, C¥y≥ bq\n-b≥ -apkvenw eoKv {]kn-U‚ v JmCsZ an√Øv -ap-l-ΩZv Ckva-mCu¬ kmln-_v a∂Øv ]fl-\m-`≥ F∂n-h-tcm-sSm∏w koXn kmln-_ns\ thZn-bn¬ I≠-h¿ D∏nkmln_ns‚ Dd-∏n-s\-∏‰n Hm¿°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. tIcf \nb-a-k-`, kv]o°-dmb-t∏mƒ 1960 sabv 6,7 Xoø-Xn-I-fn¬ ap≥kn-∏¬ Iu¨knepw a‰p hnhn[ IΩn-‰n-Ifpw koXn-km-ln-_n∂v cmP-Iob kzoI-cWw \¬In-b-t∏mƒ apkvenw eoKns‚ Iuamceoe-Iƒ°v km£ywhln® ]´-Whpw AXns‚ ]ucm-WnI alna Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn® D∏n-km-ln_pw B\µ \n¿hr-Xn-b-Sbp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. *****

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t\Xr-kvar-Xn-k© - nI

tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v

aq¨sse‰v Km¿U≥ ]m¿´n Xe-t»cn ap≥kn-∏¬ Iu¨kn-edpw {]apJ hmKvanbpw hn`-P-\Ø -- n\v apºv Xet»-cn-bn¬ \n∂pw {]kn-≤o-I-cn® apPm-lnZv ]m£n-I-Øns‚ ]-{Xm-[n-]-cp-am-bn-cp∂ H. amb-\en kmln_v 1954 G{]n¬ 24 se N{µnI BgvN-∏-Xn-∏n¬ ""aq¨ sse‰v Km¿U≥ ]m¿´n-bpsS IY ]d-bp-∂p-≠v.

B ]m¿´n-bn¬ ]s¶-SpØ Bcpw C∂v Pohn-®n-cn-∏n-√. F¨]ØnH≥]Xv h¿j-߃°v apºv \S∂ kw`hw amb-\en kmln_v tcJ-s∏-SpØn sh®Xp sIm≠v AXv Ncn-{X-Ønse \nd-∏-In-´p≈ A≤ym-b-am-bn. ""1920 embn-cp∂p aZn-cmin \nb-a-\n¿ΩmW k`m sXsc-s™-Sp-∏nhnP-bn-I-fmb sI. D∏n kmln-_n-s\bpw Sn.-Fw. sambvXp kmln-_ns\bpw A\p-tam-Zn-°m≥ th≠n C…m-anIvv {]n‚nwKv ]ªn-jnwKv Iº\n ÿnXn-sN-bvXn-cp-∂Xpw C∂v ]mcokv dtÃm-d‚ v \ne-\n¬°p-∂-Xp-amb FSp-∏ns‚ A¶-W-Øn¬ sh®v Xe-t»-cn-bnse ]uc {][m-\n-I-fpsS hI aq¨sse‰v Km¿U≥ ]m¿´n G¿∏mSp sNbvXXv. B alm kZ- n¬ sh®v tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v sNbvX {]kwKw Hcn-°epw a\- n¬ \n∂p ambn√. _lp-am-\-Øn\v aq∂p hi-ß-fp-≠v. ss]Xr-I-am-tbm, ]c-º-cm-K-Xamtbm D≈-Xv,a - ‰ - p-≈h - ¿ sh®p sI´p-∂X - v, kz{]-bX - v\Ø - n¬ \n∂pw XymKØn¬ \n∂pw D¬`q-X-am-hp-∂-Xv. Ch-bn¬ BZyw ]d-™Xv c≠pw F\n°v th≠. Fs‚ Ffnb {]h¿Ø-\-߃ _lp-am-\sØ Dev]m-Zn∏n-°p-sa-¶n¬ AXv ths≠∂p hbv°m≥ Rm≥ Hcp-ßp-I-bn-√.'' amb-\en kmln_v D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ ap{Zm-hm-IysØ ASn-h-c-bn-Sp∂p. ""kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ tkh-I≥ AXns‚ bP-am-\-\m-Ip-∂p. F∂ \_n hN-\-amWv B ap{Zm-hm-Iyw. AXv {]mh¿Øn-I-am°pw hn[w Xs‚ Ignhp-Iƒ At±lw kap-Zm-b-Øn\v hn\n-tbm-Kn-®p. ]Z-hn-Iƒ kap-Zm-bØn∂p th≠n A¿∏n-®p. *****

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tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v

Ip™n-am-b≥ lmPnbpsS Is≠-ØD∏n- k m- l n- _ ns\ s]mXp cwK- t Ø°v sIm≠p- h - ∂ Xv F.- s I.Ip™namb≥ lmPn-bm-bn-cp∂p F∂v Ncn-{X-Im-c\pw ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I\p-am-bn-cp∂ Fw. Ben-°p™n kmln_pw Fgp-Øp-Im-c\pw {]mkw-KnI-\p-amb H. amln-\-enbpw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

D∏nkmln-_ns‚ `mcym-k-tlm-Z-c-\mWv Ip™n-am-b≥ lmPn. 1920D∏n kmln- _ ns\ ÿm\m¿∞n- b mbn cwK- Ø n- d °m\p≈ ss[cyw At±lw ImWn-®p. {]_-e-amb Hcp FXn¿ i‡nsb t\cn-tS≠n h∂psh-¶nepw Ip™n-am-b≥ lmPn-bpsS ÿm\m¿∞n-bm-bXp sIm≠p {]mamWn-I-cmb hy‡n-Iƒ D∏n kmln-_n∂v th≠n Acbpw Xebpw apdp°n cwK-Øn-d-ßn. {]ikvX hnP-b-amWv D∏n kmln_v ssIh-cn-®-Xv. tIc-f-Øn-e-tßm-f-an-tßmfw kp]-cn-Nn-X-amb Hcp t]cmWv Ip™nam-b≥ lmPn-bp-sS-sX∂v Fw. Ben-°p™n kmln_v 1954 se N{µnI BgvN-∏-Xn-∏ns‚ apkvenw eoKv tIm¨{^≥ v kvs]jy-en¬hn-ti-jn∏n-°p-∂p. kap-Zmb a≤y-Ønepw cm{„ob cwKØpw hymh-km-bnI afie-ß-fnepw ]{X-tem-IØpw kp]-cn-Nn-X-\mb Ip™n-am-b≥ lmPn-bpsS hnP-bn® I≠p-]n-Sp-Ø-am-bn-cp∂p D∏n-km-ln-_v.

Ben-°p™n XpS-cp∂p: ae-_m-dnse apkvenw-I-fpsS CS-bn¬ hyhkmb a\xÿnXn D≠m-°nb BZysØ hy‡n Ip™n-am-b≥ lmPnbm-bn-cp-∂p. hf-]-´-WØv tImln-\q¿ tkman√v ÿm]n-®p. ae-_m-dnse an° enan-‰Uv Iº-\n-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´p. `oa-amb Hml-cn-I-sf-Sp-Øp. ]e-Xn-s‚bpw Ub-d-Œ-dm-bn. Gjy-bnse {][m\ ssπhpUv ^mŒ-dn-bmb shtè C¥ym Iº\n Ub-d-Œ-dmb At±lw Pmam-Xmhv F.-sI.-ImZ¿Ip´n kmln-_ns\ AXns‚ amt\-PnwKv Ub-d-Œ-dm-°n. kap-Zmbw hyh-km-bnIhpw kmaq-lyhpw kmº-Øn-Ihpw hnZym`ymk]c- h p- a mbn A`n- h r- ≤ n- s ∏- ´ mse kap- Z m- b - Ø ns‚ \ne kpc32

t\Xr-kvar-Xn-k© - nI

tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v

£nXamhp-I-bp-ffq F∂v At±lw hniz-kn-®p. \n -l-I-cW {]ÿm-\hpw Jnem-^Øv {]h¿Ø-\hpw Du¿÷n-Xamb ImeØv At±lw Ah-bn¬ kPoh {]h¿Ø-I-\m-bn. tIm¨{K ns‚ B⁄-b-\p-k-cn®v Xt±i kzbw-`-cW ÿm]-\-߃ _ln-jvIcn-°m≥ A[n-I-am-fp-Iƒs°m∂pw ss[cy-an-√m-Xn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ lmPn kmln_v kzX-kn-≤-amb [ocX A°m-cy-Ønepw {]I-Sn-∏n-®p. A°meØv tIm´bw Xmeq°v t_m¿Uv saº-dm-bn-cp∂ At±lw B ÿm\w cmPn- s h®p sIm≠v Xmeq°v t_m¿Uv _ln- j v I - c n- ® p. {_n´ojv Kh¿sa‚ns\ ]qPn-°p-∂-h-cm-bn-cp∂p A°m-esØ [\m-Vy-cn¬ `qcn`m-K-hpw. Ah-cpsS FXn¿∏ns\ hI-sh-°m-sX-bm-bn-cp∂p Ip™n-am-b≥ lmPn-bpsS {]h¿Ø-\w. Cu [oc-X-bmWv D∏n kmln-_n∂pw At±lw ]I¿∂p\¬In-b-Xv. auem\m apl-Ω-Z-en-bpsS amXmhv _obp-Ωbpw tUmŒ¿ kønZv alaqZpw Xe-t»-cn-bn¬ h∂-t∏mƒ alm-tbm-K-߃ kwL-Sn-∏n-°ptºmgpw a‰p kwcw-`-߃ \S-Øp-tºmgpw D∏n-km-ln-_ns\ Iq´n∂p Iq´n.

1931 ¬ tIcf apkvenw aPvenkv ÿm]n-°-s∏-´-t∏mƒ At±lw AXns‚ hf-≠n-b¿ Iy]v‰-\m-bn. Xe-t»-cn-bnse kn.]n aΩp-t°-bn-bm-bn-cp∂p Ip™n-am-b≥ lmPn-bpsS as‰mcp Iq´mfn. apkvenw eoKns\ ae-_mdn¬ thcp-d-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ Ch¿ Ccp-h-cp-sSbpw ]¶pw tkh-\hpw kvXpXy¿l-am-bn-cp-∂p. kwLm-S-Is‚ kIe kma¿∞yhpw XnI™ Hcmfm-bn-cp∂p Ip™n-am-b≥ lmPn. Nmb-tØm´w \S-Øp-∂Xp bqtdm-]y-∑m-cpsS IpØ-I-bm-bn-cp∂p sh∂v F√m-hcpw Icp-Xn-t∏m-∂n-cp∂ ImeØv kz¥w \nebv°v NmbtØm-´hpw AXn-∂m-h-iy-amb kma-{Kn-Ifpw At±lw G¿s∏-Sp-Øn. \mSmsI t]cp-tI´ Bbnjm _\n-b\pw a‰p XpWn-Ø-c-ßfpw \n¿Ωn°p∂ ^mŒ-dnbpw ÿm]n-®p. Ip™n-am-b≥ lmPn-bpsS amXm-hns‚ t]cmWv Bbn-j. (D-∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ `mcym-am-Xmhv) Hcp sXsc-s™-Sp-∏nepw ÿm\m¿∞n-bm-hm-\p≈ tamlw At±-lØn¬ DZn-®n-√. ]s£ sXc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ ÿm\m¿∞n-Isf At±lw I≠p-]n-Sn-®p. kap-Zm-b-Øn\v Hcp ]{Xw A\n-hm-cy-am-sW∂v At±lw hniz-kn®p. A¬ Aao-∂p-th≠n -ap-l-ΩZv A–p-d-ln-am≥ kmln-_n∂v ]e-X-cØn-ep-ap≈ klm-b-߃ \¬In. A¬ Aao\pw amXr-`q-anbpw ASp-Ø-Sp-Ømbn ss{Xhm-cn-I-bmbn Bcw-`n-®-Xns\°pdn®v Ben-°p™n ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂p-≠v. amXr-`q-an°v 19000 I aqe-[\w ]ncn™t∏mƒ A¬ Aao∂v 25000 I aqe-[\w ]ncn-°m-\m-bn. 1930 apX¬ Bcw-`n-®n-cp∂ kXym-{Kl 33

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tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v

ImeØv A¬ Aao≥ ]{Xm-[n-]¿ A_vZp-d-lvam≥ kmln-_n-t\bpw amXr-`qan ]{Xm-[n-]¿ sI. tIf-∏-s\bpw _‘-\-ÿ-cm-°n. Zn\-∏-{X-amsb- ¶ nepw apJ- { ]- k wKsagp- X msX amXr- ` qan ]pd- Ø n- d - ° nb Imeambncp∂p A-Xv. A¬ Aao-\m-hs´ [ochpw i‡-hp-amb apJ-{]-kw-K߃ Fgp-Xn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. c≠p Zn\-∏-{X-ßfpw k¿°m-dn\v Xe-th-Z\-bm-bn. ""I≠Xp ]d-™m¬ I™n-bn√'' F∂ apJ {]kw-K-Øn-eqsS {_n´ojv Kh¿sa‚ns\ A¬ Aao≥ \nin-X-ambn hna¿in-®-t∏mƒ Kh¿sa‚ v ]{Xw I≠p-sI-´n. apJ {]kwK tImfw Hgn-®n-´-Xns‚ t]cnamXr-`qan c£-s∏-´p.

A¬ Aao-\ns‚ Xntcm-[m-\-tØmsS kap-Zm-b-Øn\v Hcp ]{Xw C√mXm-bn. CXn¬ a\w-s\m-¥mWv Ip™n-am-b≥ lmPnbpw sI.-Fw.-k-oXnkm-ln_pw kØm¿ tk´phpw kn.]n aΩp-t°-bnbpw tN¿∂v {]Xn-hmc ]{X-ambn N{µn-Ibv°v XpS-°-an-Sp-∂-Xv. CXns‚ \S-Øn-∏n-\mbn apkvenw {]n‚nwKv B‚ v ]ªn-jnwKv Iº\n cq]o-I-cn-®p. XpS-°-Øn¬ kn.-]n. aΩp-t°-bn-bm-bn-cp-∂p amt\-PnwKv Ub-d-Œ¿. tIbn-bpsS ac-W-tijw Ip™n-am-b≥ lmPn ÿm\w Gs‰-Sp-Øp. \m´n-ep-S\ - ofw Np‰n N{µn-Ibv°v sjb¿ D≠m°n-bXv Ip™n-am-b≥ lmPn-bm-Wv. N{µnI tImgn-t°mt´°v am‰n ÿm]n-°p-tºmƒ ÿehpw sI´n-Shpw In´n-bXv Ip™n-amb≥ lmPn-bpsS ]cn-{i-a^-e-am-sW∂v Ben-°p™n tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

(N-{µnI BgvN-∏-Xn-∏v. 1954 G{]n¬ 15) *****

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tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v

Sn.Fw sambvXp kmln-_ns‚ IqsS D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ as‰mcp ka-Im-eo-\-\m-bn-cp∂p Sn.Fw sambvXp kmln-_v. ae-_m-dnse apkvenw-Iƒ°v c≠p \ntbm-PI afi-e-߃ am{Xta D≠m-bn-cp∂p≈q. 1923 ¬ Ch¿ c≠p-t]-cp-amWv aZn-cmin ePnt…-‰ohv Iu¨kn-en-te°v sXsc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´-Xv. sambvXp kmln_v 1926 ¬ ae-_m¿ Unkv{SnŒv t_m¿Uns‚ {]kn-U‚m-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ D∏n kmln_v k¿∆{]h¿Ø\-߃°pw Xmßpw XW-ep-am-bn-Øo¿∂p.

Xe-t»-cn-bnse {]apJ apkvenw IpSpw-_-amb ap°m-´n¬ F∂ `h\-Øn¬ 1889 embn-cp∂p sambvXp kmln-_ns‚ P\-\w. D∏n kmln_ns‚ c≠p hb- n\v aqØ-Xm-bn-cp∂p sambvXp kmln-_v. hnZym-`ym-km-\-¥cw At±lw hym]m-cm¿∞w aZn-cm-in°v t]mbn.

IpSpw_ hym]m-c-ÿm-]-\-amb Sn.Fw Dkvam≥ lmPn Iº-\n-bntN¿∂p. ]n∂oSv kz¥w \ne-bn¬ ac-°-®-hSw XpS-ßn. A°m-eØv aZncm-in-bnse s]mXp {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fnepw kap-Zmb {]ÿm-\-ß-fnepw sambvXp kmln_v kPo-h-ambn ae-_m¿ elf \nanØw Zpcn-X-a-\p-`-hn-°p∂ Gd-\m-´n-sebpw h≈ph- \ m- ´ n- s ebpw apkv e nw ktlm- Z - c - ß sf c£n- ° m≥ _n.- t ]m- ° ¿ kmln_pw a‰pw ÿm]n® am∏n-f Aa-e-tdj≥ I-Ωn-‰n-bnse kPoh {]h¿Ø-\m-bn-cp-∂p sambvXp kmln-_v. A[n-Ir-X¿°v apkvenw-I-fpsS \ne-sb-°p-dn®v \nth-Z\w \¬Im\pw hkvXp-X-Iƒ ka¿∏n-°m\pw apXn¿∂ Npcp°w Nne hy‡n-Ifn¬ sambvXp kmln_v ap≥]-¥n-bnem-bn-cp-∂p.

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ae-_m¿ Unkv{SnŒv t_m¿Uns‚ {]kn-U‚mbn 1926 ¬ sambvXp kmln-_ns\ Kh¿sa‚ v t\man-t\‰v sNbvX-Xm-Wv. BZysØ A\ptZymKÿ {]kn-U‚ v am[-h-cm-P-bpsS ÿm\-ØmWv sambvXp kmln_v c≠m-a-Xm-bn- hcp-∂-Xv. 1929 ¬ ho≠pw sambvXp-km-ln_v Xs∂-bmWv ae-_m¿ Unkv{SnŒv t_m¿Uv {]kn-U‚m-b-Xv. t_m¿Uns‚ Ncn-{X-ØnBdp sIm√w {]kn-U‚m-bXv sambvXp kmln_v am{X-am-Wv. 1928 Jm≥ kmln_v ÿm\hpw 1931 ¬ Jm≥ _l-Zq¿ ÿm\hpw e`n® sambvXp kmln_v 1937 ¬ aZn-cmin sePn-t…-‰ohv Iu¨kn-en-te°pw sXsc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´p.

Cu Ime-L-´-Øn-sems° apkvenw hnZym-`ymk Imcy-Øn¬ AXoh {i≤ ]Xn-∏n-°m≥ sambvXp kmln-_n-t\m-sSm∏w D∏n kmln_pw D≠mbn-cp-∂p. aZn-cmin Kh¿sa‚ v \nb-an® apkvenw hnZym-`ymk IΩn-‰n-bneqsS hnZym-e-b-ß-fnse aX-]-T-\hpw Ad-_n-`mjm ]T-\hpw A\p-h-Zn°m≥ kΩ¿±w sNep-Øn-bXv Ch-cm-Wv. PÃnkv I£n- b nse Hcw- K - a m- b n´mWv \nb- a - k - ` - b n¬ sambv X p kmln_v {]h¿Øn-®-Xv. Kh¿sa≠pambn s]mcp-Xm-\√ Kh¿sa‚p-ambn kl-I-cn®v Imcyw t\Sp-∂-XmWv _p≤n F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p At±lw A`n{]m-b-s∏-´Xv F∂v D∏n-km-ln_v ]d-bm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ae-_m¿ Unkv{SnŒv t_m¿Un\v G‰-hp-a[nIw an®ap≈ _P‰v sIm≠p-h-cm≥ km[n-®Xv sambvXp kmln-_ns‚ Ime-Øm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw D∏n kmln_v A`n-am\-tØmsS Hm¿°pw. *****

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tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v

Ncn-{X-Ønse Ahn-kvac - W - ob-amb GSp-Iƒ Xs‚ a{¥n-k-`-bn¬ Hcp a{¥n-bm-hm≥ kn. cmP-tKm-]m-em-Nmcn D∏nkm-ln-_ns\ \n¿_-‘n-®n-cp-∂p. tIm¨{K- n\v X\n®v `qcn-]-£-an-√mXn-cp∂ aZn-cmin \nb-a-k-`-bn¬ cmP-tKm-]m-em-NmcnbpsS a{¥n k`bv°v \ncp-]m-[n-I-amb ]n¥pW \¬Im≥ apkvenw eoKv Xocp-am-\n® kµ¿`am-bn-cp∂p AXv. apkvenw eoKv \nb-a-k`m ]m¿´n eoU¿ D∏n kmln_m-bn-cp-∂p. kzX{¥ `mcXw ]nd- h n- s b- S pØ DSs\ \S∂ kw`- h - a m- W n- X v .

I¬°Ø Iem-]Xnkokns‚ D]-⁄m-Xm-°-fmb IΩyq-Wn-ÃvIm-cpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ Hcp Kh¿sa‚ v D≠m-hp-∂-Xns\ XS-bpI F∂ P\m-[n]Xy t_m[-amWv tIm¨{K v Kh¿sa‚n\v ]n¥pW \¬Im≥ apkvenw eoKns\ t{]cn-∏n-®-Xv. CXn\v {]Xyp-]-Im-c-am-bmWv cmPmPn Xs‚ a{¥n k`-bn¬ AwK-am-hm≥ D∏n-km-ln-_ns\ £Wn-®-Xv. D∏n kmln_v B £Ww \µn]q¿∆w \nc-kn-®p. {]K-¤-\mb D∏n-km-ln_v Xs‚ a{¥nk`bv°v Hcp Ae-¶m-c-am-bn-cn°pw F∂v cmPmPn ]d-™-t∏mƒ A[n-Im-cØns‚ A∏-°-jvW-Øn¬ ]¶v tNmZn-°m-\√ apkvenw eoKv Aß-bpsS -a{¥nk`-sb ]n¥m-ßp-∂-sX∂v D∏n-km-ln_v adp-]-Snbpw ]d™p. tIm¨{K v \nb-ak - `m ]m¿´n tbmK-Øn¬ apkvenw eoKv Fw.-F¬.F am¿ {]tXy-Ia - mbn £Wn-°s - ∏-Sp-∂X - n\v CXn-Sb - m-°n. Ime-Øns‚ Ic߃ eoKns‚ \ne-\n¬]n∂v AwKo-Imcw \¬Ip-Ib - m-bn-cp-∂p.

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tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v

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tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v

\nb-a-k-`-bn¬ eoKns‚ {]h¿Ø\w {Inbm-fl-I-sa∂v FXn-cm-fnIƒt]mepw hne-bn-cp-Øn. ae-_m-dnse bYm¿∞ {]mXn-\n[yw hln°p-∂Xv eoKm-sW∂v amXr-`qan Xpd-s∂-gp-Xn. apkvenw t]gv-k-W¬ tem ]q¿Æ-ambn kwÿm-\Øv \S-∏m-°-W-sa∂ eoKv saº-dpsS {]tabw Kh¿sa‚ v HutZym-Kn-I _n√mbn A-h-X-cn-∏n®v ]m m-°n. XpS¿∂v h∂ ap≥kn-∏¬ sXsc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ Nne tIm¨{K- p-Im¿ FXn¿Øn´pw eoKpambn Iq´p-tN-cm≥ tIm¨{K v t\XrXzw k∂-≤-am-bn. Ima-cmP \mSmcpsS sXsc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ eoKns‚ ]n¥pW t\Sm≥ tIm¨{K- v apt∂m´p-h-∂p. BZysØ s]mXp sXsc-s™-Sp-∏ns\ XpS¿∂v aZn-cm-in-bnHcp P\m-[n-]Xy Kh¿sa‚p-≠m-bXv eoKns‚ ]n¥pW sIm≠v am{X-ambn-cp∂p F∂Xv Ncn{X kw`-h-am-Wv. a{¥n ÿm\-ßfm-bn-cp-∂n-√, P\m[n-]-Xyhpw cm{„ `{Z-X-bp-amWv eoKv IW-°n-se-Sp-Ø-sX∂v Ncn-{XØnse X¶-Ømfpw.

Ncn-{X-Ønse Ahn-kva-c-Wo-b-amb Cu GSp-Isf kzX-kn-≤-amb ssien- b n¬ Fs‚ kplrØpw Ncn- { X- I m- c - \ p- a mb Fw.kn hS- I c ]I¿Øn sh®Xv D≤-cn-°-s´: ""B{‘bpw ae-_mdpw sX°≥ I¿Wm-S-I-hp-a-S-ßp∂ ]gb hnime aZn-cmin kwÿm\w A∂v Z£n-tW-¥y-bpsS ap∂n¬ c≠p-`mKw Dƒs∏´n-cp∂ Hcp h≥ {]hn-iy-bm-bn-cp-∂p. C¥y-bnse G‰hpw henb cm{„ob aoamw-k-I\pw C¥y-bnse BZysØ Kh¿Æ¿ P\-d-ep-am-bn-cp∂ kn. cmP-tKm-]m-em-Nm-cn-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ Hcp a{¥n k` cq]o-I-cn-°m-\mWv tIm¨{Kkv Xocp-am-\n-®-Xv. ]s£ \nb-a-k-`-bn¬ tIm¨{K-kn\v tIhe `qcn-]-£-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. 375 AwK-ß-fp≈ \nb-a-k-`-bn¬ tIm¨{Kkn\v 152 t]¿ am{Xw. 59 Fw.-F¬.F am¿°p≈ IΩyq-WnÃv ]m¿´n a‰p {]Xn-]£ I£n-Isf Iq´p-]n-Sn®v Hcp _Z¬ Kh¿sa‚ v D≠m-°m≥ Xo{h {iaw Bcw-`n-®p. kXy-aq¿Øo `hs‚ \Sp-Ø-f-Øn¬ cmPy-Øns‚ XeaqØ cm{„- X - { ¥- ⁄ ≥ `qcn- ] - £ - Ø n- \ p≈ am¿§- ß - f m- c m™p sIm≠v Xs‚ t{SUv am¿°mb ]pI-°-Æ-Sbpw [cn®v hnb¿sØm-en°p∂ Nn{Xw ]{X-ß-fn¬ A®-Sn®p h∂p.(-kXyaq¿Øo `h≥ Xan-gv\mSv tIm¨{K- ns‚ Bÿm-\w) adp-h-iØv kJmhv ]n.-cm-a-aq¿Øn-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ IΩyq-WnÃv Kh¿sa‚ v cq]o-I-cn-°m-\p≈ ]c°w ]m®nen-\nS-bn¬ IΩyq-WnÃv t\Xm-°-∑m¿ Hmtcm apkvenw eoKvImc-s‚bpw tImWn- ∏ - S n- I ƒ Ibdn h∂v ]n¥p- W - ° mbn A`y¿∞n- ® p. ISpØ tIm¨{Kkv hntcm[w sImSpºn-cn-s°m-≈p∂ Ime-am-bn-cp∂p AsX¶nepw IΩy-Wn-Ãp-Im¿°v ]n¥pW sImSp-°m≥ apkvenw eoKv Xøm-dmbn-√. IΩyqWnÃpIm-cpsS aX-hn-cp≤ XXz-imkv{Xw am{X-am-bn-cp-∂n√ AXn∂p Imc-Ww. P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øns‚ apJm-h-c-Ww H´p-an-√mØ Hcp I£n-bm-bn-cp∂p A∂sØ IΩyq-WnÃv ]m¿´n. Aev]-kzev]w P\m-[n-

]-Xy-am-hm-sa∂v hmZn® ]n.kn tPmjnsb Ah¿ t\csØ ]pd-Øm-°n. kmbp[ hnπhw e£y-{]-am-W-am-°nb _n.Sn cW-Zn-h-bpsS I¬-°-ØmXn-kokv Bbn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS {]h¿Ø\ am¿§w. C¥ybv°v kzmX{¥yw In´n-sb∂v Ah¿ AwKo-I-cn-®n-√. kzmX-{¥y-Zn\w Ah¿°v Icn-Zn-\-ambn-cp-∂p.

Km‘n-Pnsb Ah¿ hm¿[bnse I≈ssZh-sa∂v hnfn-®p. sXep¶m\ tamU¬ Iem-]-߃ P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øns‚ ASn-Ød am¥pIbpw ]gb ASn-aØ hyh-ÿnXn Xncn®p hcn-I-bm-bn-cn°pw ^ew. CØ-csamcp kml-N-cy-Øn¬ Z£n-tW-¥y-bpsS `cWw IΩyq-Wn-ÃvIm-cs‚ Iøn¬ G¬]n-°p-∂Xv Bfl-l-Xym-]-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. a’cw GIm-[n-]Xyhpw P\m-[n-]Xyhpw XΩn-em-b-t∏mƒ GXns\ kzoI-cn-°Ww F∂v Xocp-am-\n-°m≥ apkvenw eoKn∂v {]bm-k-s∏-tS≠n h∂n-√. 1958 am¿®v 28mw\p sI.-D-∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ tN¿∂ apkvenw eoKv \nba-k`m ]m¿´n cmPmPn a{¥nk`bv°v \ncp-]m-[nI ]n¥pW \¬Im≥ Xocp-am-\n-®p.''

Cu ]n¥pW {]Xyp-]-Imcw {]Xo-£n®p sImt≠m `cW ]¶mfnØw B{K-ln®p sImt≠m Bbn-cp-∂n-√. tIm¨{K- n-t\m-Sp≈ XmXznIhpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-hp-amb FXn¿∏p-Iƒ apkvenw eoKv XpS¿∂v sImt≠bn-cp-∂p. ÿm\-am-\-߃ Xcm-sa-∂p≈ Hm^¿ eoKv \µn-]q¿∆w \nc-kn°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. cm{„\∑sb ap≥\n¿Øn apkvenw eoKv \n¿∆-ln® Hcp _en-Zm-\am-bn-cp∂p B Xocp-am-\-sa∂v ]ecpw A∂v hnti-jn-∏n-®p. c≠v amkw Ign™v \S∂ cmPy-k`m sXsc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ aZn-cmin \nb-a-k`m afi-e-Øn¬ a’-cn-® JmC-sZ- an-√Øv apl-ΩZv Ckva-Cukmln-_n∂v tIm¨{Kkv Fw.-F¬.F.am¿ thm´p sNbvXn-√. (apkvenw eoKv AXv Bh-iy-s∏-´-Xp-an-√) F∂n´pw kzX-{¥-cpsS ]n¥p-W-tbmsS Ckvam-Cu¬ kmln_v hnP-bn-®p. At∏mgpw tIm¨{K v a{¥nk`bv°v D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ apkvenw eoKv ]n¥pW XpS-cp-∂p-≠mbn-cp-∂p. Hcp P\-Iob Kh¿sa‚ns\ c£n-°m≥ apkvenw eoKv sNbvX XymKw 1970˛se cm{„]Xn sXsc-s™-Sp-∏nepw apkvenw eoKv ImWn®p.

HutZym-KnI ÿm\m¿∞n \oew kRvPoh sdÕn-bmbncp∂n´pw Cµn-cmKm-‘n-bpsS ÿm\m¿∞n hn.hn Kncn-°m-bn-cp∂p eoKns‚ thm´v. C¥ybn¬ cm{„ob {[pho-I-c-W-ap-≠m-°nb sXc-s™-Sp-∏m-bn-cp∂p AXv. apkvenw eoKns‚ thm´p-Iƒ°v th≠n kRvPoh sdÕn ]e Xh-W JmCsZ an√- Ø ns\ - k - a o- ] n- ® n- c p- ∂ p. hn.- h n.- K ncn Hcn- ° ¬ t]mepw I≠ncp∂pan√. Kncnsbt]mepw A¤p-X-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m≠v JmCsZ an√Øns‚ I- e v ] \ h∂p. Kncn°v thm´p sNøm≥ D∏n- k m- l n- _ ns‚

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XXzm[njvTnX \bw JmCsZ an√Øv C-hnsS XpS-cp-Ib - m-bn-cp-∂p. "Hm¿aIƒ ]qØp \n¬°p∂ Zn\w'-F∂ teJ-\Ø - n¬ Fw.kn XpS¿s∂-gp-Xp∂p. "" Kncn C¥y-bpsS ]ptcm-Ka - \ atX-XX - c P\m-[n-]Xy k¶-ev]ß - sf {]Xn-\n-[o-Ic - n-°p-tºmƒ kRvPoh sdÕn-bpsS ]n∂n-ep-≈Xv ]n¥n-cn-∏≥ i‡n-Ifpw {]Xn-tema I£n-If - p-am-bn-cp∂p F∂v apkvenw eoKn∂v t_m[yam-bn-cp-∂p. AXmWv Kncn°v thm´p sNøm≥ eoKv Xocp-am-\n-®X - v.'' aZn-cmin apJy-a-{¥n-bm-bn-cp∂ kn.cmP-tKm-]m-em-Nmcn D∏n-km-ln_ns‚ k¥X kl-Nm-cn-bm-bn-cp∂p F∂p ]d-™m¬ sX‰n-√. aZn-cmin-bn¬ tIm¨{K v `c-W-Øns‚ `mhn Xpem-kn¬ BSn-s°m-≠n-cp∂ Hcp Zimk‘n-bn¬ D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep≈ ap…nw eoKv I£n-bmWv Ah-k-tcmNn-X-ambn CS-s]-´-Xv. \ymb-hm-Znbpw \oXn-\ymb X¬]-c\pw hnZym-`ymk {]Nm-c-I\pw _lp-P\ _‘p-hp-amWv cmPmPn F∂v D∏n kmln_v ]d-bpam-bn-cp-∂p. apJw t\m°msX Imcyw Xpd∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xn¬ cmPm-Pn-°p≈ Iqk-en-√m-bva-bmWv D∏n-km-ln-_n∂v G‰hpw C„-s∏´ cm{„o-b-°m-c-\mbn cmPmPn amdm-\p≈ Imc-Ww. aZncmin kwÿm-\sØ IΩyq-WnÃv hn]-Øn¬ \n∂pw c£n-°m\pw Dd® `c-W-IqSw ÿm]n-X-am-hm\pw cmPm-Pn°v eoKv ]n¥pW \¬In. I∂n{]-kwK thZn-bn¬ Xs∂ ""Xs‚ H∂mw \º¿ i{Xp-°ƒ'' F∂v IΩyqWnÃv I msc cmPmPn hnti- j n- ∏ n- ® - t XmsS D∏n kmln- _ n- ∂ p- ≠ mb kt¥mjw Nn√-d-bm-bn-cp-∂n-√. aZn-cmin apJy-a{¥n F∂ \ne-bn¬ cmPmPn c≠p XhW `cWw \S-Øn-b-t∏mgpw D∏n kmln_v At±-lsØ \m´n-te°v sIm≠p h∂n´p-≠v. km[m-c-W-°m-cs‚ Xmev]-cy-߃ kwc-£n-°m\pw Ah-cpsS \ne sa®-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw cmPmPn sNbvX \√ Imcy-߃ D∏n kmln_v Nq≠n°m-´pI ]Xn-hm-Wv. B{‘-{]-tZ-in¬ £maw _m[n-®-t∏mƒ ]d-s∂-ØnbXpw aZn-cmin kwÿm-\sØ hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn¬ ]ms™Øn I„s∏-Sp∂hsc t\cn¬ I≠Xpw CXn\v DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv. `£y-hne \nb-{¥-Ww, {]mY-anI hnZym-`ymk ]≤Xn ae-_m¿ IpSnbmbva \nb-aw, EW-_m-[yXm-_n¬ XpS-ßnb Imcy-ß-fn¬ cmPmPn D∏n kmln-_ns‚ A`n-{]m-b-߃ Bcm-bpI ]Xn-hm-Wv. C¥y≥ \mj-W¬ tIm¨{K- ns‚ \n -lI - c - W {]t£m-`t- Øm-sSbm-bn-cp∂pht√m cmPm-Pnbpw Km‘nPnbpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w. cmPm-Pn°v tOm´m-Km‘n'' F∂ t]¿ hcm≥ IqSn Imc-Wa - mbn. cmPmPn Xs‚ ]p{Xnsb Km‘n-Pn-bpsS ]p{X\v hnhmlw sNbvXp sImSp-°p-Ib - p-ap-≠m-bn. *****

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XymtKmPze Ncn{Xw hn`-P-\sØ XpS¿∂p-≠mb hnj-am-h-ÿbpw apkvenw eoKns‚ `mhnsb∏‰n Db¿∂p s]mßnb tImem-l-e-ßfpw kap-Zm-b-sØ- t\cn´ a‰p k¶o¿Æ-{]-iv\-ßfpw Xs‚ A\nXckm-[m-c-W-amb [oc-Xbpw cmPy-X-{¥-⁄-Xbpw sIm≠v koXn kmln-_n∂v XcWw sNøm-\m-bXn¬ D∏n-km-ln_v al-Ømb Hcp ]¶mWv hln-®-Xv. 1952 ¬ \S∂ sXsc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ ae-_m-dn¬ apkvenw eoKns‚ HutZym-KnIÿm\m¿∞nI-fn¬ A©p-t]¿ hcn® hnP-b-Øn¬ koXn kmln-_n-s‚bpw D∏n kmln-_n-s‚bpw hnP-b-amWv Ncn-{X-kw-`-h-am-b-Xv. apkvenw eoKns‚ {]h¿Ø-\-tØbpw kam-[m\w \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xn\v AXv \¬Inb kw`mh-\-I-tfbpw \njv]-£-_p≤ym hne-bn-cp-Øn-b-t∏mƒ D∏n˛ko-Xn-am¿ {]iw-k°v ]m{Xo`qX-cm-bn.

IΩyq-WnÃv ]m¿´n aZn-cm-in-bnse P\m-[n-]-XysØ A]-I-S-s∏-SpØm≥ apXn¿∂-t∏mƒ apkvenw eoKv t\Xm-°-fmb D∏n-km-ln_pw koXn kmln-_p-amWv kwÿm-\sØ B hn]-Øn¬ \n∂pw c£n®sX∂v koXn kmln_v kvamcI {KŸ-Øn¬ tUm. kn.Fw Ip´n-km-ln_v hnhcn-°p-∂p-≠v. Cu Imcyw aZn-cmin apJy-a-{¥n-bm-bn-cp∂ {io. kn.-cm-PtKm-]m-em-Nmcn IrX-⁄Xm ]q¿∆w kvacn-°m-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. \nb-a-k`m kmam-Pn-IXzw kz]v\w I≠n-cp∂ ]ecpw eoKn¬ \n∂v sX‰n-t∏mb kµ¿`-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. Ah-cpsS I¨sh≥j≥ {]l-k-\-ßfpw Igºn-√mØ {]kvXm-h-\-Ifpw apkvenw _lp-P-\-ßsf hgn-]n-g-∏n-°m-Xncp-∂Xv D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚bpw koXn kmln-_n-s‚bpw t\Xr-Xz-am-bn-cp41

t\Xr-kvar-Xn-k© - nI

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tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v

∂p. ]mh-s∏´ apkvenw sXmgn-em-fn-Ifpw Irjn-°mcpw apkvenw eoKnt\m-sSm∏w \n∂Xv Ch-cpsS BXam¿∞-X-bpsS ^e-am-bn-cp-∂p. eoKv ÿm\m¿∞n-Iƒ°v thm´p \¬Ip-∂-hsc ]m°n-ÿm-\n-te°v \mSp-I-S-Øp-sa-∂p-hsc `oj-Wn-bp-b-cp-Ibpw {]tIm-]-\-߃ kr„n-°pIbpw sNbvX-t∏mƒ F√m hnj-a-L-´-ß-sfbpw AXn-Po-hn®p sIm≠p≈ apkvenw eoKns‚ hf¿®bv°v D∏n kmln-_n-s‚bpw koXn kmln-_ns‚bpw AN-©-e-amb hnizm-khpw Akm-am-\y-amb Zo¿L-Zr-„n-bp-amWv am¿§ Z¿i\w \¬In-b-Xv. `n∂m- ` n- { ]m- b - ß - f psS G‰p- a p- ´ - e n¬ \n∂pw Df- h m- I p∂ AKv\nkv^penw-K-߃ Ccp-h-cp-sSbpw ]p©n-cn-bn¬ am™p t]mIp-∂Xm-bn-cp-∂p. k`-bpsS ]cn-K-W-\°p hcp∂ k¶o¿Æ-ß-fmb {]iv\ßsf KmV-ambn ]Tn®v A]-{K-Yn-®h - X - c - n-∏n-°m-\p≈ D∏n-km-ln-_n-s‚bpw koXn kmln-_n-s‚bpw Ignhv A\\y km[m-cWambn-cp-∂p. A`n-{]mb-ßfpw `n∂m-`n-{]m-b-ßfpw hmZtImem-l-eßfpw sIm≠v £p`n-X-amb \nb-a-k`m Xe-Øn¬ Ccp-h-cp-sSbpw {]kw-K-߃ im¥-am-bmWv {i≤nbv°-s∏-´n-cp-∂-Xv. cq£-amb `mjtbm {]Xn-]£ _lp-am-\-cm-ln-Xytam {]kw-K-ßsf Hcn-°epw Xcw XmgvØn-bn-cp-∂n-√. {]Xn-tbm-Kn-bpsS hmZ apJ-ßsf bp‡n-bp-sSbpw \ymb-Øn-s‚bpw _ew sIm≠v ]n®n-®o¥n Ah-bpsS _e-lo-\-Xsb Xpd-∂p-Im-´m≥ Ah¿ D]-tbm-Kn® Af∂p apdn® a´n-ep≈ sIm®p sIm®p hmN-I-߃ XnI®pw ]cym-]vX-am-bn-cp∂p. hy‡n Xm¬]-cy-ß-fp-sSbpw kzm¿∞ t\´-ß-fp-sSbpw apºnBZ¿i-ßsf ASn-b-d-sh-°p-hm≥ P∑n-bmb D∏n-km-ln_pw A`n-`m-jI-\mb koXn kmln_pw Xøm-dm-hm-Xn-cp-∂Xn-\m¬ Ccp-h¿°pw t\cn´ \„w Nn√-d-bm-bn-cp-∂n-√. apkvenw eoKns\ hmtXm-cmsX hna¿in-®n-cp∂ cm{„ob {]Xn-tbm-Kn-Iƒ t]mepw Ccp-hc - p-sSbpw cm{„-X{- ¥-⁄X - t- bbpw tZim-`n-am-\-tØbpw tNmZyw sNøm-\m-hmsX Ipgßn aX]camb hnj-bß - sf∏‰n {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p∂ ae-bm-fØ - n-ep≈ amknI-Ifpw {KŸ-ßfpw D∏n-km-ln_pw koXn-km-ln_pw k{i≤w hmbn°p-Ibpw Ah-bn¬ ImWp∂ kwi-b-ßsf°pdn®p ]c-kv]cw N¿® \S-Øp-Ibpw sNøm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ad_n ae-bm-f-Øn¬ {]kn≤w sNbv X n- c p∂ A¬ Ckv e mw, A¬ C¿jm- Z v , A¬ ap¿jn- Z v , ACkvemlv F∂o amkn-I-Ifpw Ioanbm kBZ t]m-ep≈ hnin„ {KŸßfpw Ch¿ bm{Xmthf-I-fn¬ IqsS sIm≠p \S-°m-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

Hcn-°¬ N{µnI ]{Xm-[n] kanXn AwK-߃ `mhn \bw cq]o-I-cnt°≠ Bh-iy-I-X-bp-ambn koXn kmln-_n-s\bpw D∏n-km-ln-_n-s\bpw kao- ] n® Imcyw hmbn- ® - t Xm¿°p- ∂ p. apkv e nw eoKpw N{µn- I bpw

cm{„obw Dt]-£n-°-W-sa∂ Bhiyw A∂v Nne¿ D∂-bn-®p-h-s{X. kzmX¥y eœn-°p-ti-j-ap≈ Icmf`oI-c-amb Ime-L-´sØ adn-I-S-°m\p≈ adpacp- ∂ mbn Nne¿ Is≠- Ø nb \ymbhmZ- ß ƒ°v Ah¿ \¬Inb adp-]Sn C{]-Im-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. ""C…m-ans‚ Ncn-{X-Øn¬ Cß-s\-bp≈ ]co-£-W-L-´-߃ ]ucmWnI Imew apX¬s° D≠m- b n- ´ p- ≠ v. A∂v Imep- d ®p \v¬°mØh¿s°m∂pw ]n∂oSv \ne-\n¬°m≥ Ign-™n-´n-√. AXpsIm≠v apkvenw eoKpw N{µn-Ibpw cm{„obw Dt]-£n-°pI F∂ {]iv\ta C√'' F∂pw apkvenw eoKns‚ \b-tØbpw {]mXn-\n[yhmZ-tØbpw FXn¿Øp sIm≠n-cp∂ kpZ¿i\w ]{Xm-[n-]¿ ]n.-hn.sI s\Sp-ßmSn ]d-™Xv D∏n-km-ln-_p-ambpw koXn-km-ln-_p-ambpw kwkm-cn-°m≥ Ah-k-c-ap-≠m-b-t∏m-sgms° Ah-cpsS i‡nbp‡-amb adp-]-Sn-bpsS apºn¬ X\n°v DØcw ap´n-t∏mbn F∂m-bn-cp-∂p. apkvenw eoKns\ Hcp hn[-Ønepw P\m-[n-]Xy hncp≤ ]mf-b-Ønte°v t]mImsX XS™p \n¿Øn-b-Xn¬ koXn kmln-_n-s‚bpw D∏nkmln-_n-s‚bpw t\Xr-Xz-Øn\pw \nb-{¥-W-Øn\pw henb ]¶p≠m-b-Xmbn ]n.-hn.sI s\Sp-ßmSn Hcp teJ-\-Øn¬ hni-Zo-I-cn-®n-cp-∂p. ""1952˛¬ aZn-cmin Akw-ªn-bnepw 1957˛¬ tIcf Akw-ªn-bnepw apkvenw eoKv I£n AwKo-I-cn® \ne-]m-Sns\ C∂m-´nse F√m P\m-[]Xy hmZn-Ifpw A`n-\-µn-®n-´p-≠v. cmPmPn a{¥nk` aZn-cmin Akw-ªnbn¬ hnizmk thm´n-∂p≈ {]tabw Ah-X-cn-∏n-®-t∏mƒ A∂v P\m-[n]Xy I£n-bmb tkmjy-enÃv ]m¿´nbpw ae-_m-dnse ]n.-F-kv.]n saº¿amcpw (A∂v Inkm≥ akvZq¿ {]Pm ]m¿´n) IΩyq-Wnkv‰v s]mXp ap∂-Wn-tbmSv tbmPn®v Kh¿sa‚n-s\-Xn-cmbn thm´p sNbvXp. apkvenw eoKn∂v A©p saº¿amcmWv Akw-ªn-bn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. IΩyq-WnÃv sFIy-ap-∂-Wn-bpsS Bt£-]hpw ]cn-lm-khpw Iq´m-°msX cmPmPn a{¥n k`-bn¬ hnizmkw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bmWv eoKv I£n sNbvX-Xv. bYm¿∞-Øn¬ tIm¨{K v F∂pw apkvenw eoKns\ h¿§ob I£nbmbn X≈n-bn-cn-°-bm-bn-cp-∂p. IΩyq-WnÃv sFIy-ap-∂-Wn-bm-hs´ apkvenw eoKns\ {]tXyIw £Wn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. F∂n´pw apkvenw eoKv hyXn-N-en-®n-√.'' (]n.-hn.sI s\Sp-ßmSn ˛ koXn kmln_v kvamcI {KŸw (1961) sshcp-≤y-ap≈ A`n-{]m-b-߃ sh®p ]pe¿Øp∂ Xs‚ {]Xn-tbm-Kn-I-fpsS apºnepw ]hn-{X-amb kvt\l _‘w apdnth¬°msX ImØp-c-£n-°m≥ Akmam\y ssh`-h-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ henb a\p-jys\ \mw CXn-eqsS ImWp-∂p. ]c-kv]cw t]mc-Sn-®n-cp∂ ae-_mdnse kp∂n-I-fp-sSbpw apPm-ln-Zp-I-fp-sSbpw a≤y-Øn¬ kwL-S-\sb

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De-®n¬ IqSmsX sIm≠p \S∂ \b-]-c-amb Ignhpw kln-jvWpXm ]q¿∆-amb kao-]\coXnbpw \ap°v Is≠-Øm-\m-hp-∂p. Ah-cpsS Ah¿Æ-\o-b-amb XymK-Øns‚ Nn{Xhpw CXn¬ sXfn™p ImWm-\mhp-∂p. _ncp-Z-[m-cn-bmb DSs\ DtZym-K-Øn¬ Ib-dn-∏-‰msX a‰p-≈-hsc DtZym-K-Øn-te°v Ib-‰n-hn´ koXn kmln-_ns‚ {iahpw P\-ßsf P∑nbm- ° m≥ C„- s ∏- S msX IpSn- b m- ∑ m- c psS {]iv \ - ß ƒ°v ap≥Xq°w \¬Inb D∏n-km-ln_pw tkh-\-Øns‚ afi-e-Øn¬ ]S¿∂p ]¥en® hy‡n Pohn-X-Øns‚ DS-a-I-fm-bn-cp∂p sh∂-Xn\v thsd sXfn-hpIƒ Bh-iy-an-√-t√m.

Rm≥ tImtfPv hnZym¿∞n-bm-bn-cp∂ ImeØv Fs‚ \m´p-Im-c\pw GdWm-Ip-fØv sImfwt_m tlm´-ens‚ \S-Øn∏pIm-c-\p-am-bn-cp∂ aoØse A_q-´nsb ImWm≥ GdWm-Ip-fØv t]mhm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

Hcn-°¬ At±lw Im\≥sjUv tdmUn¬ koXn-km-ln-_ns‚ ]gb _w•mhv ÿnXn-sNbvX ÿew ImWn-®p-X-∂p. kmam\yw hnim-e-amb B hf-∏nse _w•m-hn¬ Hcp ImeØv Xe-t»-cn-°m-cpsS {]hm-l-am-bncp-∂p-sh∂v s]cn-ßm-Sn-bnse ]g-b-Ime eoKv {]h¿Ø-I≥ hni-Zo-Icn®p X∂Xv Hm¿Ω-bp-≠v. GdWm-Ipfw Pufn sXcp-hn¬ Hcp amfnI sI´n-S-Øn-ep≈ ap\-∆n-dp¬ Ckvemw kamPw hI hmb-\-im-e-bnepw {KŸm-e-b-Ønepw D∏n-km-ln_v ap∏-Xp-I-fn¬ FØm-dp-s≠∂v At±lw ]d-™-tXm¿°p-∂p. ""sFIyw'' {] v{]h¿Øn-®n-cp-∂Xpw Ahn-sS-bmbn-cp-∂p-h-s{X. AhnsS tImgn-t°m´v \n∂p ]pd-s∏´ anX-hm-Znbpw sI. Aø-∏s‚ ktlm-Z-c-\pw (sIm®n) aq¿t°mØv Ipam-cs‚ ""KP-tI-kcnbpw''(X-e-t»-cn) D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw imkv{Xw, kmln-Xyw, hnZym`ymkw F∂o hnj-b-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ {KŸ-߃ koXn kmln_v D∏nkm-ln-_n∂v ssIam-dm-dp-s≠∂pw ]g-a-°m¿ ]d™p tI´-Xmbn ]ecpw Ab-hn-d-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. apkvenw aPvenkv cm{„ob kwL-S-\bpw sFIykwLw kmaq-Zm-bnI˛ kwL-S-\bpw Bbn-cp∂ Imew apX¬s° A£c-hn-π-h-Øn\v D∏n-km-ln_pw koXn kmln_pw \¬Inb {]m[m\yw CXn¬ \n∂v Duln-°m-hp-∂-sX-bp-≈q.

1937˛¬ ^dq-°n¬ Hcp apkvenw eoKv ktΩ-f\w \S-Øm≥ koXn kmln-_ns‚ \n¿_-‘-{]-Imcw Hcp {iaw \S-∂Xv N{µn-I-bpsS BZy ]{Xm-[n-]¿ sI.-sI.-ap-l-ΩZv jm^n hnh-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. koXn kmln_v kvamcI {KŸ-Øn¬ CXp kw_-‘n®v jm^n kmln_v Fgp-Xnb teJ\-Øn¬ Cßs\ ]dbp-∂p. ""hfsc {]mcw`L´-Øn¬ ^dq-Jn¬ apkvenw eoKns‚ Hcp alm ktΩ-f\w tNcp-hm≥ Xocp-am-\n-®p. G¿∏m-Sp-I-sfms° \S-∂p-sIm-≠pan-cp∂p. koXn kmln_pw kØm¿ tk´p kmln_pw Rm\pw D∏n kmln_pw a‰p Nnecpw AXn¬ ]¶p tNtc-≠Xpw {]kw-Kn-t°-≠-Xp-

am-bn-cp-∂p. B tbmK-Øn¬ R߃ h∂p tNcp-∂-Xns\ XS-bm≥ `ojWn-I-fp-b¿∂p. FXn¿ {]Nm-c-th-e-Iƒ i‡n-bmb \ne-bn¬ Bcw-`n-°s∏-´p. F¥p thW-sa-∂p≈ Nn¥m-Ip-g∏w ]e-tcbpw _m[n-®-Xp-t]mse tXm∂n. ]s£ koXn kmln-_ns\ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Aßs\ Hcp Nn¥ At±-l-Øns‚ lrZ-bsØ kv]¿in-°pI t]mepw sNbvXn-cp∂n-√. Rß-sf-√m-hcpw Hcp henb t_®m-bn h∂p. P: -D∏n kmln-_ns‚ A≤y-£-X-bn¬ B almktΩ-f\w \S-∂p. F√m-hcpw {]kw-Kn-®p. FXncm-fn-I-sf-s°m≠v H∂pw km[y-am-bn-√. eoKp tbmK-ß-fn¬ cm{„o-b-amb FXn-c-`n-{]m-b-°m¿ h∂p {]kw-Kn-°m≥ A\p-hmZw tNmZn-°epw {]£p–-amb A¥-co£w D≠m-°n {]kw-Kn-°epw A°m-eØv km[m-c-Wam-bn-cp-∂p. B G¿∏m-Sns‚ D¬Lm-S\ - hpw Xe-t»cn Su¨lm-fn¬ tN¿∂ Hcp eoKv tbmK-Øn¬ sh®mWv \S-∂-Xv. FXn-c-`n-{]m-b-°m-cpsS hmZßsf ka¿∞-ambn Jfin-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ t\Xr-Xzhpw A∂v \¬In-bncp-∂p. _l-f-ap-≠m°n ]n¥ncn-∏n-°p-hm≥ {]Xn-tbm-Kn-I-fm¬ \S-Ø-s∏Sp∂ GXp {ia-tØbpw At£m-`y-ambn t\cn´p ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xnepw koXn kmln_v R߃°v t\XrXzw \¬Inbncp∂p. (sI.-sI.-ap-l-ΩZv jm^n, koXn kmln-_v kvamc-I-{KŸw) koXn kmln-_p-am-bp≈ _‘w ae-_m-dn-s\m-´msI Hcp alm `mKyambn 1920 apX¬ A\p-`-h-s∏-´-Xmbn D∏n kmln-_ns‚ k¥-X-k-l-Nmcn-bm-bn-cp∂ H. amln-\en kmln_pw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. ""]finX hcy-\mb h°w A–p¬ JmZ¿ aue-hn, Fw apl-ΩZv Ip™paue-hn, apl-ΩZv A–p-d-ln-am≥ kmln-_v, kn.]n ssl{Zkv kmln-_v, F.sI ]n≈ F∂n-h-cm¬ \S-Ø-s∏-´n-cp∂ "A¬ Ckvemw, apkvenw Jnem-^Øv ]{XnI ""ae-_m¿ Ckvemw'' kzcmPv, A¬ Aao≥ apX-emb amknI hrØm¥ ]{X-ßfmWv sIm®n ioa-°m-c-\mb koXn kmln-_ns\ ae-_m-dp-Im¿°v ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv. A°m-eØv Xet»-cn-bn¬ apkvenw bph-P\ kwLw F∂ t]cn¬ Hcp kwL-S\ \√ \ne-bn¬ {]h¿Øn®p t]m∂n-cp∂p'' (H.-am-b-\-en) apkvenw bph-P-\-kw-L-hp-ambpw A≥hm-dp¬ Ckvemw k`-bp-ambpw D∏n-km-ln-_n-∂p-≠m-bn-cp∂ _‘w Bephm tImtf-Pn\p th≠nbp≈ [\m-`y¿∞-\-bp-ambn koXn-km-ln_v Xe-t»-cn-bn¬ h∂-t∏mƒ D]-tbmK-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn. koXn kmln_pw D∏n-km-ln_pw XΩn-ep≈ kvt\l _‘-sØ°p-dn®v Fw.-sI.-F∂ XqenIm \ma-Øn¬ kn.-F®v Fgp-Xnb ""Dcp-f-°pt∏cn'' ChnsS ]I¿Ø-s´. ""koXn kmln-_n-s‚bpw D∏n-km-ln-_n-s‚bpw Hcp s]mXp kvt\lnX≥ D∏n kmln-_n-t\mSv Nne AXn¿ Ihn™ kzmX-¥y-ß-sfms°

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tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v

D]-tbm-Kn-°m-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. At±lw ck-Øn\v D∏n-km-ln-_ns\ ""D∏n''F-∂mWv Nne-t∏mƒ hnfn-°p-I. D∏n kmln-_n\v AXn¬ hnΩn„ap≠mbn-cp-∂n-√. Hcn-°¬ {]kvXpX s]mXp kvt\ln-X≥ koXn kmln-_ns‚ km∂n-≤y-Øn¬ At±-l-Øns‚ km∂n-≤y-sØ-°p-dn-®-dn-bmsX "F¥v D∏n h¿Ø-am\w' Ft∂m at‰m tNmZn-®p.

DSs\ koXn kmln_v CS-s]-´p-sIm≠p ]d-™p. ""At∏mƒ.......km-ln-_v. \n߃ \nß-fpsS _m∏-tbbpw t]¿ sNm√n-bmtWm hnfn°mdv?

B hmN-I-Øn¬ ^en-Xhpw imk-\bpw F√m Dƒs°m-≠n-cp-∂p.

B s]mXp kvt\ln-X≥ ]ns∂ Hcn-°epw X∂n¬ Ffn-b-hsc t]mepw t\c-tºm-°n-\m-sW-¶nepw t]¿ hnfn®n´p≠mIpsa∂p tXm∂p-∂n-√.'' *****

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e£yhpw kz]v\-ßfpw ]ptcm-K-a\ P\m-[n-]-Xy˛ atX-Xc k¶-ev]-߃ sh®p ]pe¿Ønb Hcp cm{„ob {]ÿm-\-Øn\v ]oUnX ]nt∂m° P\-hn-`m-KsØ apJy[mcm kaq-l-tØm-sSm∏w Db¿Øn-s°m≠phcm-\m-hp-sa∂v sXfn-bn-®h-cn¬ tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v hln® ]¶v Ncn-{X-Ønse X¶-Øm-fmbn amdp-∂p. P∑n-Xz-Øn-s\-Xnsc k‘n-bn-√msX t]mcm-Snb \nkzm¿∞ cm{„ob-Øns‚ Cu DSa t]cp-sIm≠p am{Xw tIk-cn-am-cm-b-h-cpsS NXp-cw-K°-fn-bm-bn-cp-∂n√ \S-Øn-b-Xv. AXn-a-l-Ømb Hcp e£yhpw AXn-at\m-l-c-ß-fmb Iptd kz]v\-ßfpw F√m {]h¿Ø-\-߃°p ]n∂nepw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

1952˛¬ \S∂ H∂mw s]mXp sXsc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ Ncn{Xw kr„n® apkvenw eoKns‚ \nb-a-k`m t\Xm-hmb D∏n-km-ln_v Ncn-{X-Øn¬ \nd∏-In-´p≈ A≤ym-b-߃ Fgp-Xn-t®¿Øp. A∂v B sXsc-s™-Sp-∏n]s¶-SpØ ]e ]m¿´n-Ifpw C∂v A{]-Xy-£-am-bn. Nne-Xn-s‚ cq]hpw `mhhpw amdn. IΩyq-WnÃv ]m¿´nbpw NnX-dn. tIm¨{K pw ]nf¿∂p.

F∂m¬ sXsc-s™-Sp∏v ASp-Ømepw Cs√-¶nepw apkvenw eoKns‚ ]n¥p-W°v C∂pw \√ hne-bp-≠v.

Cu \nebpw hnebpw eoKn∂v D≠m-°n-s°m-Sp-ØXv D∏n kmln_ns\t]m-ep≈ t\Xm-°-fm-Wv. cmPmPn Hcp a{¥n k` D≠m-°m-\mWv eoKp-ambn tNcm≥ Xøm-dm-b-sX∂v hmZn-t®-°mw. ]s£ Hcn-°epw a{¥nÿm-\tam A[n-Im-ctam sImXn-°m-Xn-cp∂ F.-hn.-Ip-´n-am-fp-AΩ 1954se Xt±i kzbw-`-cW ÿm]-\-ß-fn-te-°p≈ sXc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ F.-sF.kn.-kn-.bpsS FXn¿∏p-t]mepw hI-sh-°msX eoKp-ambn kl-I-cn-°m≥ Xøm-dm-bXv D∏n-km-ln-_ns\ t]mep≈ t\Xm-°-fpsS Bflm¿∞-Xbpw \njvI-f-¶-Xbpw a\- n-em-°n-b-Xp-sIm-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. k¿t∆m-Zb t\Xm-

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hm-bn-cp∂ tIf-∏-≥ apX¬ C¥y-bnse G‰hpw henb Km‘n-b-\mb bp.-F≥ t[_m¿ hsc eo-Kp-ambn kJy-Øn\v ap≥I-sø-Sp-°m-\p≈ ImcWhpw as‰m-∂-√. apkvenw eoKv C¥y-bpsS sFIy-Øn\pw ]ptcm-K-Xn°pw XS w \n¬°p-∂psh∂ hmZ-Øns‚ ap\-sbm-Sn-®Xv tIcf B`y-¥c hIp∏v a{¥n-bm-bn-cns° tIm¨{K v t\Xmhv ]n.-Sn.-Nmt°m Xe-t»cn apkvenw eoKv Hm^o-kn¬ \¬Inb kzoI-c-W-Øn¬ D∏n kmln-_ns\ km£n \n¿ØnbmWv. eoKns‚ `c-W-L-S-\-bnse GXp hIp-∏n-emWv cm{„ ]ptcm-K-Xn°v XS w F∂m-W-t±lw tNmZn-®-Xv. eoKns‚ Bh-iy-ßfn¬ GXmWv cm{„]ptcm-K-Xn°pw sFIyØn\pw hnLmXw F∂pw Nmt°m tNmZn-®p.

Xe-t»cn ap_m-d°v sslkvIqƒ kµ¿in-°m≥ D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ £Ww kzoI-cn-s®-Ønb kn.-cm-P-tKm-]m-em-Nmcn cm{„ Xm¬]-cy-߃°pth≠n eoKv \ne-\n-∂-Xns‚ DZm-l-c-W-߃ FÆn-sbÆn ]d-™p-sIm≠mWv Xe-t»cn hn´-Xv. Hcp kwL-S-\sb h¿§o-b-ambn Nn{Xo-I-cn-t°-≠Xv AXns‚ t]cv t\m°n-b-√, {]h¿Ø\w hne-bn-cp-Øn-s°m≠mhW-sa∂v am{Xta D∏nkm-ln_v ]d-bm-dp-≈q. "lnµp' \ne-hm-c-ap≈ Hcp Cw•ojv Zn\-∏-{X-at√?

AXns‚ t]¿ Hcp kaq-Zm-b-Øns‚Xmb-Xp-sIm≠v Bsc-¶nepw h¿§ob-sa∂v hnfn-°p-∂pt≠m F∂m-bn-cp∂p D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ tNmZyw. aZn-cmin tÉns‚ Nne `mK-ß-fn-ep-≠mb h¿§ob kwL-´\߃ Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ D∏n-km-ln_v hln® ]¶ns\ Sn. {]Imipw {]iwkn-®n-´p-≠v. \yq\-]£ {]iv\-߃ A\p-`mh ]q¿∆w ]cn-K-Wn-°-W-sa∂v aZn-cmin Kh¿Æ¿ B¿®n-_mƒUn-t\mSv D∏n-km-ln_v Bh-iy-s∏-´Xpw A\p-`m-h-]q¿Æ-amb kao]\w kzoI-cn-°m-sa∂v Kh¿Æ¿ ]d-™Xpw aZn-cmin ^b-ep-I-fn¬ ImWm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Hcp {]tZ-isØ apkvenw-Isf Iq´-ambn Hcp kwL-S-\-bn¬ AWn\n-c-Øp-∂-Xn\v B {]tZ-isØ cm{„ob {]h¿Ø-\-Øn-s‚ ap≥\n-cbn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h-cpsS hy‡n-Xz-Øn\v IrXy-amb kzm[o\w sNepØm≥ Ign-bp-sa∂ hnizm-k-°m-c-\m-bn-cp∂p D∏n-km-ln-_v. BZy-Ime apkvenw-If - psS amXrI Ckvem-ans‚ {]N-cW - Ø - n\v klm-bn-®Xp t]mse t\Xr-\n-c-bpsS hnip≤ amXrI cm{„ob {]N-c-W-sØbpw ^e-{]-Z-ambn klm-bn-®-Xmbn D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ Imew sXfn-bn-®p. Id-I-f™ BZ¿i hnip-≤n-bp≈ Cu t\XrXzw eoKns\ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw ssZh-Z-Øamb Hc-\p-{K-l-am-bn-cp-∂p. tZiob Xew sXm´v {Kma-ß-fn¬ hsc AXmbn-cp∂p eoKns‚ G‰hpw henb ssIap-X¬. *****

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hn{i-aa - n-√mØ {]h¿Ø\w ae-∏pdw apkvenw \ntbm-PI afi-e-Øn¬ lmPn sImb-∏sØmSn Al-ΩZv Ip´n kmln-_ns‚ \ncym-W-sØ-Øp-S¿∂v D≠mb Hgn-hn-te°v 1950 ¬ \S∂ sXsc-s™-Sp∏v thf-bn-emWv D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ hn{i-a-an√mØ {]h¿Ø-\hpw \b-X-{¥-⁄-Xbpw {]I-S-am-b-Xv. apkvenw eoKv ÿm\m¿∞n-bmbn a’-cn-® Fw.-]n.Fw A ≥Ip´n Ipcn-°sf hnPbn∏n°m≥ At±lw Ckvam-Cu¬ kmln-_n-t\m-sSm∏w \S-Ønb ]cy-S\w kwL-S-\sb i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw D]-I-cn-®p.

1950 HtŒm-_-dn-em-bn-cp∂p D∏n-km-ln-_n-s‚bpw Ckvam-Cu¬ kmln_n-s‚bpw ]cy-S-\w. _n.-t]m-°¿ kmln_pw dkm-Jm\pw IqsS-bp-≠mbn-cp-∂p. Fw.-F¬.-kn.-bmb D∏n-km-ln_v Gd-\m-Sv-˛-h-≈p-h\mSv Xmeq°p-Isf Cf-°n-a-dn®p. ^dq-°v,- sIm-t≠m-´n,- a-e-∏p-dw,- a-t©-cn,- A-cot°m-Sv,- h≠q¿,- tIm-´-°¬, ]´m-ºn,- H-‰-∏m-ew,- s]-cn-¥¬aÆ F∂n-hn-Sß-fn¬ \S∂ hºn® s]mXp-tbm-Kß - f - n¬ D∏n-km-ln_v sNbvX {]kwKw G‰hpw BI¿jn-®Xv I¿j-I-sØm-gn-em-fn-I-sf-bm-bn-cp-∂p. sXsc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ A ≥Ip´n Ipcn-°ƒ _lp-`q-cn-]-£-tØmsS hnP-bn-®p. CXv kw_-‘n®v 1950 HtŒm-_¿, -\-hw-_¿ amk-ß-fnse N{µnI BgvN-∏-Xn-∏ns‚ "ae-\m-´n¬' F∂ ]w‡n-bn¬ hni-Z -dn-t∏m¿´v {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v.

A ≥Ip´n Ip-cn-°ƒ°v 7754 thm´v e`n-®-t∏mƒ tIm¨{K v ÿm\m¿∞n ]mem´v Ip™n-t°m-b°v 214 thm´p-I-fmWv e`n-®-Xv. as‰mcp tIm¨{K v ÿm\m¿∞n C{_m-ln-an\v 290 thm´pw e-`n-®p. tIm¨{K v tbmPn-®mepw AhnsS c£-bn-s√∂v D∏n-km-ln-_mWv t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øn49

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tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v

s°m-Sp-Ø-Xv. hnip≤ l÷v I¿Ω-Øn\v t]mbn ae-_m¿ Pn√m apkvenw eoKv {]kn-U‚ v køn-Zv A_vZp-d-lvam≥ -_m-^Jn X߃ Xncn-s®-Øn-b-t∏mƒ tImgn-t°mSv dbn¬th tÃj-\n¬ \¬Inb kzoI-c-W-Øn¬ A ≥Ip´n Ipcn-°-fpsS hnP-bhpw D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fp-am-bn-cp∂p t\Xm-°ƒ Xß-fpsS {i≤-bn¬ s]Sp-Øn-b-Xv. F.sI Ip™n-am-b≥lmPn, _n.-t]m-°¿ kmln_v, ]n.]n. l ≥tIm-b,-lmPn ]n.sF Ip™ΩZv Ip´n, lmPn hn. Aen _dman Xp-S-ßn-b-h¿ kzoI-c-W-®-S-ßn¬ kw_‘n-®n-cp-∂p.

1950 HtŒm-_¿ 15˛∂v tImgn-t°mSv Su¨ apkvenw eoKv Hm^o-knXs‚ A≤y-£-X-bn¬ tN¿∂ tbmK-amWv sXsc-s™-Sp-∏ns‚ {]m[m\ysØ hne-bn-cp-Øn-b-sX∂pw JmCsZ an√Øv Xs∂-bmWv `c-ta¬∏n®-sX∂pw D-∏n-km-ln_v Xß-tfmSv ]d-™p. Xs‚ Npa-Xe bYm-hn[n \n¿∆-ln-°p-I-bmWv Xm≥ sNbvX-Xv. D∏n-km-ln_v t\Xr-Xz-ta-s‰-SpØ Hcp sXsc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ a’-cn-®n´v Imcy-an-s√∂v tIm¨{K v {]kn-U‚ v ]pcp-tjmØw Zmkv Xm-fi∂v- a-e-_m-dnse tIm¨{K- p-Im¿ \n¿t±iw \¬In-bn-cp-∂p. tIm¨{K- ns‚ c≠p {Kq∏p-I-fp-sSbpw ÿm\m¿∞n-Iƒ a’-c-cw-KØp \n∂pw ]n∑m-dm≥ CtXmsS \n¿_-‘n-X-am-sb∂v N{µnI dnt∏m¿´n¬ ]d-bp-∂p. (N-{µnI BgvN-∏-Xn∏v 1950 HtŒm_¿ 21) Cu D]-sX-sc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ BZyta t\man-t\-j≥ ka¿∏n-®n-cp-∂h¿. ]n≥hmßm\p≈ Imc-Whpw as‰m-∂m-bn-cp-∂n-√. tIm¨{K v kn.sI.-{Kq-∏nse sI.-F.-C-{_m-lnapw tIm¨{K v tIf-∏≥ {Kq∏nse ]mem´v Ip™nt°mbbpw Hcp ssI t\m°m≥ Hcp-sº-´-t∏mƒ at©-cn-bn¬ sI.Fw.-ko-Xn-km-ln-_ns‚ A≤y-£-X-bn¬ tN¿∂ Gd-\mSv Xmeq°v apkvenw eoKv IΩn‰n hfsc {it≤-b-amb Xocp-am-\-߃ ssIs°m-≠ncp-∂p.

Fw.sI lmPn-km-ln-_ns‚ A`y¿∞\ H∂p am{X-am-bn-cp∂p, D∏nkm-ln_v sXsc-s™-Sp∏v Ign-bp-∂-Xp-hsc afiew hnS-cp-Xv. D∏n-kmln- _ ns‚ hm°p- I ƒ°v Gd- \ mSv am{X- a √ ae- _ m¿ apgp- h ≥ ImtXm¿Øp. hna¿i-\-ßfpw sh√p-hn-fn-Ifpw AXn-P-bn-°m≥ B hm°pIƒ D]-I-cn-®p. \yq\-]£ kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ Ah-Imi kwc-£-W-Øn\m-bp≈ {iaw kwL-SnX apt∂-‰-Øn¬ IqSn-b-√msX km≤y-am-hn-s√∂v Imew sXfn-bn-®n´pw ]mTw ]Tn-°m-Øh - c - psS apºn¬ kwL-t_m-[Ø - ns‚ DW¿Øp ]m´p-ambn D∏n-km-ln_v FØn-b-t∏mƒ B¿°pw Dƒh-en-bm≥ Ign-™n-√. *****

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tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v

Hm¿Ω-I-fnse almktΩ-f-\-߃ A≥]-Xp-I-fpsS Ah-km-\-Øn¬ \S∂ c≠p alm-k-tΩ-f-\-ßfpsS Hm¿Ω-Iƒ ad-°m≥ Ign-bmØ Hcn-Xn-lmkw t]mse R߃ c≠pt]¿ a\- n¬ kq£n-°p-∂p. ]®-∏-´-Wn™ hS-I-c-bn-emWv H∂v. lcnX tim` sNmcn™ IÆq-cn-emWv as‰m-∂v.

Ip´n-bm-sW-¶nepw kZ ns‚ apºn¬Xs∂ ÿew ]nSn® Fw.kn BZyw IY-]-d-bs´ : ""Hcp apkvenw eoKv ktΩ-f-\-Øns‚ Hm¿abm-sWs‚ apºn¬. ssaXm-\Øv tNcm≥ \nivN-bn-®n-cp∂ apkvenw eoKv ktΩ-f\w s]s´∂p-≠mb ag-sb-Øp-S¿∂v kao-]-Øp≈ kvIqfn-te°v am‰p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. apkvenw eosK∂p tI´m¬ F√mw ad∂p t]mhp∂ {]mbw. hnkvabw ]q≠ IÆp-I-fp-ambn Rm≥ tÃPnse ImgvN-Iƒ D‰p t\m°n. _m^Jn X߃, koXn kmln_v apX-emb alm-c-Y-∑m-sc√mw {]kw-K-th-Zn-bnD]-hn-jvS-cm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw Fs‚ Hm¿Ω-bn¬ hSp-sI´n \n¬°p-∂Xv B tbmKw DZvLm-S\w sNbvX D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ aßnb Nn{X-am-Wv. aZncmin Akw-ªn-bnse apkvenw eoKv ]m¿´n-bpsS eoU¿ Bbn-cp∂p A∂v D∏n-km-ln-_v. \nb-a-k-`-bn¬ tIhe `qcn-]£w e`n-°msX A¥-an-√mXps≈m-cm-g-Øn-te°v XmWp t]mIp-am-bn-cp-∂ cmPmPn a{¥n k`-bv°v {]mW-hm-XIw \¬In \ne-\n¿Ønb cmP-in-ev]n-sb∂ JymXnbpambn cmjv{So-b-cw-KØv btim-[m-hmfyw ]c-Ønb Ime-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. Rmt\m¿°p-∂p. tbmKw DZvLm-S\w sNøm≥ D∏n-km-ln-_ns\ £Wn® cwKw. D®-`m-jn-Wn°v apºn¬ Iri-Km-{X-\mb Hcp sNdnb a\p51

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tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v

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tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v

jy-cq-]w. ImgvN-bn¬ Hcp {]m[m-\yhpw tXm∂mØ saen™v Ipdnb ico-cw. aq´nb XpWnbpw tIm´pw Xe-bn¬ CkvXncn Cf-ImØ shfpØ am∏n-f-sØm-∏nbpw thjw. hSs° ae-_m-dp-Im-cpsS ae-bm-f-Øn¬ Hcp {]kw-K-hpw. CXmtWm D∏n-km-ln_v! Cu a\p-jys\ ]‰n-bmtWm ]{X߃ sIm´n-tLm-jn-°p-∂Xv? Fs‚ t\Xr-k-¶-ev]-ß-sf√mw Iogvtaadn-bp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. t\-Xm-sh-∂m¬ henb XSnbpw Db-c-hp-ap≈ BfmhWw F∂m-bn-cp∂p Fs‚ [mc-W. ]n∂oSv Ipd®p h¿j-߃°p tijw Rm≥ Xe-t»-cn-bn¬ ]Tn-°p∂ ImeØv F√m sshIp-t∂-c-ß-fnepw _ vÃm‚ v ]cn-k-cØv IqSn Bscbpw {i≤n-bv°m-sX, Bcmepw {i≤n-°-s∏-SmsX Rm≥ t\ctØ I≠ am∏nf thj-Øn¬ ssIØ-≠-bn¬ Hcp IpSbpw Xq°n adp-Iøn¬ Cw•ojv ]{Xhpw Np≠n¬ ]pI-bp∂ DΩ¿ _oUn-bpambn thßbn¬ \mb-\m-cpsS \ms´-gp-Ø-—s\ t]mse \S∂p \oßp∂ D∏n-km-ln_ns‚ Ffn-a-bm¿∂ Nn{Xhpw Fs‚ apºn-ep≠v'' (tI´m¬ sImXn-XocmØ hoc-KmY) *****

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Fs‚ A\p-`h߃ 1956 \hw-_¿ 16 Rmb-dm-gvN. IÆq¿ t]meokv ssaXm-\n-bn¬ ]SpØp-b¿Ønb auem\m apl-Ω-Zen \K-dn¬ IÆq¿ Pn√m apkvenw eoKv s]mXp ktΩ-f\w \S-°p-I-bm-Wv. Xte∂v Xs∂ Rm\pw tPyjvT ktlm-Z-c≥ DΩ¿ Ip´nbpw s]cnß-Øq-cnse F≥.-F.-a-Ωp-lm-Pn-bp-sams° IÆq-cn¬ FØn-bn-cp-∂p. kwÿm\ apkvenw eoKv {]kn-U‚ v kønZv A–p-d-ln-am≥ _m^Jn X߃ ]XmI Db¿Øp- ∂ Xv ImWm- \ p≈ Akp- e ` ku`mKyw R߃°p-≠m-bn. cmhnse Su¨lmfn¬ \S∂ apkvenw bqØv eoKv ktΩ-f\w _n. t]m°¿ kmln-_ns‚ A≤y-£-X-bn¬ Fw.-]n.-Fw.-Al-ΩZv Ipcn-°-fmWv D¬Lm-S\w sNbvX-Xv. sI.-F.-ap-l-ΩZv kmln-_ns‚bpw lman-Zen iw-\m-Sn-s‚bpw {]kw-K-߃ {it≤-b-am-bn.-a-Zn-cmin sabn-en∂v D®bv°v IÆq-cn-se-Ønb JmCsZ an√-Øns\- kzo-I-cn-°m≥ dbn¬th tÃj-\n¬ D∏n kmln-_ns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ t\Xm-°-fpsS h≥ ]S Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. i\n-bmgvN sshIp-t∂cw Su¨ lmfn¬ hf-≠n-b¿ tIm¿ k-tΩf\w \S-∂p. tÉv hf-≠n-b¿ tIm¿ Iym]v‰≥ tImgn-t°m-´p-Im-c≥ sI. Dkvam≥ tImb-bmWv tbmKw DZvLm-S\w sNbvX-Xv. ]n.-Fw. A_q-_°dpw sI.kn A_q-_-°¿ aue-hnbpw {]kw-Kn-®p.

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tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v

aKvco_v \a-kvIm-cm-\-¥cw auem\m apl-Ω-Zen \K-dn¬ \S∂ kmwkvIm-cnI ktΩ-f\w Hcn-°epw ad-°m-\m-hmØ H∂m-bn-cp-∂p. sh√q-cnse auehn id-^p-±o≥ A≤y-£-\m-bn-cp-∂p. Fw.F ip°q¿ kmln-_mWv DZvLm-S-I≥. Ccp-h-cp-sSbpw {]kw-K-ß-fn¬ XpSn®p \n∂ Bibw bph-P\ hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ Dƒs°m-≠p. aZn- c m- i n- b nse ]{X- { ]- h ¿Ø- I - \ mb tUm. A_v Z p¬ hlm_v kmln_pw auehn Fw. ImZ-dp-Ænbpw F≥.hn. A–p-kemw aue-hnbpw Fw.-ap-l-ΩZv kmln_pw hnj-b-߃°v \¬Inb ]cn-K-W-\bpw Ah-Xc-W-Øn¬ ImWn® B¿÷-hhpw I≠v kZ v ]pf-I-a-Wn-™p. s]mXp ktΩ-f-\-Ønse D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ kzmKX {]kwKw kZ- p-am-bp≈ At±-l-Øns‚ Bfl_‘w A\p-kva-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-bn. tIhew Hcp cm{„ob ktΩ-f-\-am-b-√,- k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚bpw kaq-l-Øn-s‚bpw cm{„obhpw kmaq-ln-Ihpw kmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw aX-]-chpw ssh⁄m-\n-I-hp-amb \thm-∞m\ ktΩ-f-\-am-bmWv D∏n kmln_v I≠-Xv. ]cn-ip-≤n-bp-sSbpw Bflm¿∞-X-bp-sSbpw ]cn-afw ]c-Øp∂ IÆnIƒ D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ Hmtcm hm°pw H∏n-sb-Sp-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. A≤y£-\mb JmCsZan√Øpw -DZvLm-S-I-\mb sI.Fw koXn-km-ln_pw kzmKXw Xocp-∂-Xp-hsc D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ apJ-tØ°v Xs∂ Xd-∏n®p t\m°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. adp-a-e¿®n ]{Xm-[n-]¿ lmPn apl-ΩZv bqk^v kmln-_n∂v Xangn¬ Xs∂-bmWv D∏n-km-ln_v kzmK-X-a-cp-fn-b-Xv. ]n.-A-–p¬ aPo-Zns\bpw Xncp-∏q¿ sambvXo≥ kmln-_n-s\bpw sI. l ≥ K\n-tbbpw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Ønb tijw Bthi`cn-X-\m-bmWv _n.-t]m-°¿ kmln_n∂pw kn.-F-®n∂pw kzmK-X-tam-Xn-b-Xv. C¥y≥ cm{„ob Ncn-{X-sØ-°p-dn®v a‰m-sc-°m-fp-a-dn-bp∂ hy‡nbmWv Xms\∂v Hcp kzmKX {]kw-K-Øn-eqsS D∏n kmln_v A∂v sXfn-bn-°p-Ib -- m-bn-cp-∂p. `c-W-L-S-\m-]-chpw hyh-ÿm-]nXhpamb \nebn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p∂ apkvenw eoKv P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn-s‚bpw `cW-L-S\-bp-sSbpw am¿§ßfn-eqsS am{Xsa k©-cn-°p-I-bp≈q F∂ {]Jym-]\-am-bn-cp∂p D∏n-km-ln_v \S-Øn-b-Xv "JmCsZan√-Øns‚ ]mX' F∂ {]tbmKw Rm\m-Zy-ambn tI´Xv D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ kzmKX {]kw-K-Ønem-Wv. ]nt∂m° Zp¿_e hn`m-K-ß-fpsS cm{„o-bhpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-amb Xm¬]-cy-ß-fpsS kwc-£-W-Øn\v apkvenw eoKv A\n-hm-cy-am-sW∂v a\- n-em-°p-∂Xpw Cu {]kwKw hgn-X-s∂. tImgn-t°mSv Pn√-bpsS hS-°p-\n-∂p≈ {]th-i\ Ihm-S-amb Agnbq-cns\ ad-°-cp-sX∂pw Ncn-{X-Øns‚ \mƒhgn-I-fn¬ F∂pw C¥y≥ apkvenw-I-fpsS A\n-tj≤y cm{„ob {]ÿm-\mb C¥y≥ bq\n-b≥

apkvenw eoKn-t\m-sSm-∏-am-bn-cp∂p Cu {]tZ-i-sa∂pw F∂pw Fgp-Xmdp≈ Fs‚ kqlrØv sambvXp Agn-bq¿ Xs‚ {]tZ-i-sØ-°p-dn-s®-gpXnb A≤ymbw Cu ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ ]cm-a¿in-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. hn`-P-\m-\¥-c-ap≈ Icm-f-Im-e-L-´-Øn¬ apkvenw eoKv F∂p-®-cn-°m≥ t]mepw apkvenw-Iƒ `b-s∏-´n-cp∂ A`n-i-]vX-amb ]co-£W L´-ß-fn¬ ASn]-X-dmsX, B]¬i¶-I-fn-√msX apkvenw eoKn-t\m-sSm∏w Bfl ss[cytØmsS Dd®p \n∂ hS-Ic Xmeq-°nse hnc-enseÆmhp∂ A]q¿∆w Nne {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ {][m-\-am-bn-cp∂p Agn-bq¿ F∂v sambvXp kmln_v ka¿∞n-®n-´p-≠v. tIm´-°¬ Ip™m-ap° F∂ F≥. ]n. Ip™map kmln_v kwÿm\ apkvenw eoKns‚ Xe-∏-Øp≈ ImeØv Ipdp-{º\mSv Xmeq-°n-t\bpw tIm´bw Xmeq-°n-t\bpw _‘n-∏n-°p∂ Xnf-ßp∂ IÆn-bm-bn-cp∂p Agn-bq¿. D∏n kmln-_ns‚ hS-Ic hc-hn∂v ]®-hncn® Cu {]tZ-i-Øns‚ Ncn-{X-Øn¬ D∏n kmln-_n-s‚bpw Ip™map kmln-_n-s‚bpw Ic-ß-fn¬ \n∂v ]®-s°mSn G‰p-hm-ßn-b-h-cpsS h¿Æi-_-f-amb Nn{Xw sambvXp Agn-bq¿ hc®p sh®Xv Cß-s\: A©v ]Xn-‰m-≠p-Iƒ°p apºv A©mw ]oSnI Ppap-AØv ]≈n-bpsS ]cn-kcw. A∂v ap°mfnbn¬ PpapA C√. Ip™n-∏-≈n-bnepw lmPn-bm¿ ]≈nbnepw ]qgn-Ø-e-bnse ]qgn-bn¬ ]≈n-bn-ep-an√ Ppap-A. F√m-hcpw sh≈n-bm-gvN-I-fn¬ HØp IqSp-∂Xv A©mw ]oSnI ]≈n-bn¬. {]m¿∞\°v tijw ]≈n-bpsS Np‰p-a-Xn-en∂v ]pdØv tdmU-cp-In¬ A[nIw Db-c-an-√mØ Hcp ip{`-h-kv{X-[mcn Iøn¬ Sn≥jo‰v hf-®p-≠m-°nb Hcp]I-cWw (sa-K-t^m¨) i–w D®-Øn¬ tIƒ∏n-°m≥ D]-I-cn-°p∂ D]-I-c-Ww. Npt≠mSv tN¿Øp-sh®v kwkm-cn-°m≥ XpSßn. apkvenw eoKv \ne-\n¿tØ-≠-Xns‚ A\n-hm-cyX kwL-Sn-X-a-√m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xns‚ Zb-\o-b-X....- {]m-kw-Kn-Is‚ Np‰pw Bƒ°q-´-Øns‚ Cc-º¬. hm°p-Ifn¬,-N-e-\-ß-fn¬ `mh-ß-fn¬ Bflm¿∞-X-bpsS AKv\n-Pzm-e-Iƒ. t]amcn \ne-®-Xp-t]mse {]kwKw Ah-km-\n-®p. Hcp \nanjw Bƒ°q´- Ø n¬ \n∂v i–- a p- b ¿∂p. A plm- P ntbm kn.- F ®v Dkv a m≥ kmlnt_m? apkvenw eoKv kn¥m-_mZv ZnK-¥-߃ s]m´p-am-dp-®-Øn¬ kZ v G‰p hnfn®p. tIm´-°¬ Ip™m-ap° B\-µm{ip s]mgn®p Dcp-hn-´p.A¬lw Zpen√'. ]qgn- Ø - e - b n¬ \n∂m- c w- ` n- ° p∂ Agn- b q- c nse apkvenweoKns‚ Ncn{Xw A∂v ]{¥≠pIm-c-\mb sambvXp a\- n]I¿Øp sh®p. kn.-F®v Dkvam≥ kmln-_n-s‚bpw kn.-F®v. A p-lm-Pn-bp-tSbpw ]n.sI t]m°¿ kmln-_n-s‚bpw tPyjvT≥ Aen kmln-_n-s‚bpw hy‡n-Xz-߃ Ip™map kmln-_n-s‚bpw D∏n kmln-_n-s‚bpw c‡Øn¬ Aen™p tNcp∂ ImgvN B _mes\ A¤pX ]c-X-{¥-\m-°n.

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hnI-emwK s]≥j\p th≠n kv{XoIsf ssIh-≠n-bn¬ Ib‰n Np¶sØ _kvtÃm∏nse-Øn® eoKp-Im-c-t‚bpw kam-\XIfn-√mØ s]mXp {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-te¿s∏-´-h-cp-sSbpw FÆ-a‰ aX kmaqly {]h¿Ø-\ß-fpsS \nd-km-∂n-≤y-am-bn-cp∂ D¬Ir„ hy‡n-I-fp-sSbpw knc-I-fnIqSn Hgp-In-bn-cp-∂Xv Ip™m-ap-°-bp-sSbpw D∏n-km-ln-_n-s‚bpw c‡am-bn-cp∂p sh∂v sambvXp-hns‚ hcn-Iƒ sXfn-bn-°p-∂p. Bflm¿∞amb t\Xr-Xz-Øns‚ tijnbpw t\XrXz KpW-Øns‚ tijn-bpw tiap-jnbpwA-\p-]-a-amb kz`mh sshin-„y-Øns‚ ]mT-ßfpw Ch¿ kzmb-Ø-am°n-bXv Ipdp-{º-\mSv ˛ tIm´bw Xmeq-°p-I-fn¬ \n∂p am∏n-f-sØm-∏nbn´p h∂ alm-cY - ∑ - m-cpsS ]mX ]n≥]-‰n-bXp sIm≠m-sW∂v hcn-Iƒ°nS-bn-eqsS sambvXp t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. *****

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k^-e-amb ZuXyw sX°≥ I¿Wm-S-I-Ønse apkvenw-Iƒ ae-_m-dn-t\mSv tN¿∂p-sIm≠mWv kmap-Zm-bn-Ihpw ssh⁄m-\n-Ihpw aX-]-chpw cm{„o-b-hp-amb F√m cwK-ß-fnepw {]h¿Øn®p t]m∂-Xv. apkvenw eoKns\ kw_-‘n®n-S-tØmfw I¿Æm-S-I-Ønse apkvenw eoKv {]h¿Ø-\-߃°v XpS°w Ipdn-®Xv ap∏-Xp-I-fpsS Ah-km-\-Ønepw \m¬]-Xp-I-fpsS BZy-Øn-epam-Wv. 1938 ¬ sI.Fw koXn kmln-_ns‚ A≤y-£-X-bn¬ Imk¿t°mSv SuWn¬ tN¿∂ tbmKw apkvenw eoKn∂v _oPm-hm]w sN-bvX-Xmbn Sn. Dss_Zv kmln_v tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. F∂m¬ I¿Æm-S-I-Ønse apkvenw eoKv {]h¿Ø-\-߃°v kwL-SnX cq]w ssIh-cp-∂Xv 1940 Ifn-em-Wv. lmPn-am-ln≥ iw\mSv t]meokv k_v- C≥kvs]-Œ¿ ÿm\Øv \n∂v hnc-an® tijw kwL-S\m cwKØv kPo-h-am-bn. sI.-D∏n kmln_v awK-em-]p-c-sØØn Pn√m apkvenw eoKv Iu¨kn¬ hnfn®p Iq´n. D∏n kmln- _ ns‚ A≤y- £ - X - b n¬ tN¿∂ Cu tbmK- Ø n¬ sh®mWv amln≥ iw\m-Sns\ Pn√m apkvenw eoKv {]kn-U‚mbn GI-I-WvtT\ sXsc-s™-Sp-°p-∂-Xv. CtXmsS sX°≥ I¿Æm-S-I-Øn-se°pw eoKv {]h¿Ø\w Du¿÷n-X-am-°n. sX°≥ I¿Æm-S-I-Øn¬ D∏n kmln_v t\ctØ Adn-b-s∏-´n-cp∂p. ]fin-X\pw aX-`-‡\pw {]`m-j-I\pw kap-Zmb tkh-I-\p-am-bncp∂ auehn Ad_n iw\mSp-ambn D∏n-km-ln_v _‘-s∏-Sm-dp-≠m-bn-cp∂p. sX°≥ I¿Æm-S-I-Ønse Imk¿tIm´p Xmeq-°n¬ Imk¿t°m´v \n∂v c≠p \mgnI AIse sNΩ-\mSv F∂ {Kma-Ønse t]cpw s]cp-a56

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tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v

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tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v

bp≈ Cu IpSpw-_mw-K-hp-ambn D∏n-km-ln-_n∂v ASpØ _‘-ap-≠mbn-cp-∂-Xmbn ]n.Fw apl-ΩZv auehn Hcp Ncn{X teJ-\-Øn¬ hnh-cn®n-´p-≠v. aZn-cmin \nba \n¿ΩmW k`-bn¬ hf-sc-°mew Ad-_n iw\mSv -sa-º-dp-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXn∂v ]pdsa Jm≥ _l-Zq¿ al-aqZv iw\m-Sv, t]meokv k∫v C≥kvs]-Œ¿ lmPn amln≥ iw\mSv, kntem-Wnse kmlnd tImtfPv eIvN-d¿ A–p¬ JmZ¿ iw\mSv F∂n-h¿ Ad-_n-iw\m-Sns‚ ktl-Z-c-∑m-cm-Wv. Ad-_niw\mSp-am-bp≈ _‘hpw a‰p ktlmZ-c-∑m-cp-am-bp≈ ASp-∏hpw apkvenw eoKn¬ ]e-scbpw AWn-\n-c-Øm≥ t{]c-I-am-bn. ^k-ep¬ lJns‚ A≤y-£-X-bn¬ tImgn-t°mSv tN¿∂ tIm¨^d≥knepw 1941˛¬ aZn-cm-in-bn¬ tN¿∂ AJn-te¥ym apkvenw eoKv hm¿jn-I-Ønepw I¿Æm-S-I-Øns‚ ]e `mK-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw [mcmfw t]¿ kw_-‘n-®n-cp-∂p. kzmX{¥y eœn hsc Pn√-bpsS \m\m`mK-ßfnepw \S∂ hºn® eoKv ktΩ-f-\-ß-fn¬ ]e-Xnepw D∏n-km-ln_v ]s¶SpØv {]kw-Kn-®p. enbm-JØenJm-s‚bpw Jmkn apl-ΩZv Cuk-bp-sSbpw Z£n-tW¥y≥ ]cy-S\thf-I-fn¬ awK-em-]p-cØpw Imk¿t°m´pw {]I-S-\-ßfpw ktΩ-f-\-ß-fp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. -ko-Xn-km-ln_pw D∏n-km-ln_pw aW∏m´v kmln_pw F®v.-F®v iw\mSpsams° ktΩ-f-\-ß-fn¬ ]-s¶-SpØp.- aw-K-em-]p-cw,- _-≠-hmƒ, Ipº-f, Imk¿t°mSv, sNa-\m-Sv, tIm´n°p-fw, ]≈n-°-c, Im™-ßm-Sv, Xr°-cn-∏q¿, \ote-izcw F∂n-hn-S-ßfn¬ \S∂ Bth-i-{]-I-S-\-߃ Dss_Zv kmln_v hnh-cn-°p-∂p≠v 1947˛¬ F®v.-F®v iw\m-SmWv Pn√m {]kn-U-≠mbn sXsc-s™-Sp°-s∏-´-Xv. CXnepw D∏nkmln-_m-bn-cp∂p aq≥ssI-sbSp-Ø-Xv. al-aqZv iw\m-Sns‚ hnZym-`ymk {]h¿Ø-\-߃°v i‡n-]-I-cm\pw D∏n-kmln_v Xm¬]cyw ImWn-®p. H∂m-a-sØbpw c≠m-a-sØbpw tI{µ Akwªn-I-fnepw aq∂m-a-sØbpw \mem-a-sØbpw a{Zmkv Iu¨kn-ep-I-fnepw 1936 apX¬ ]Øp-h¿jw a{Zmkv Akw-ªn-bnepw saº-dm-bn-cp∂ alaqZv iw\mSv D∏n kmln-_ns‚ k¥X kl-Nm-cn-bmbn amdn. s]mXptkh-\-Øn¬ \nc-X-\m-hp-Ibpw cm{„ob-Øn¬ Bth-i-`-cnX-\m-hp-Ibpw sNbvX al-aqZv iw\mSv apkvenw eoKns‚ Blzm\w am\n®v "Jm≥ _l-Zq¿'ÿm\w hen-s®-dn-™p. 1948 Unkw-_¿ 12˛∂v A¥yizmkw hen-°p-∂-Xp-h-scbpw al-aqZv iw\mSv kmln_v I¿Ω-\n-c-X-\mbn-cp-∂p. lmPn amln≥ iw\mSv kmln_v Xs‚ ]Øp hb- n\v aq∏p≈ Bfm-sW∂v D∏n-km-ln_v ]d-bm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. sX°≥ I¿Æm-SI Pn√m apkvenw-I-fn¬ sa{Sn-°p-te-j≥ ]mkmb aq∂m-asØ Bfm-bncp∂p iw\m-Sv. At±-l-Øns‚ ktlm-Z-c-∑m¿ Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p a‰p c≠pt]¿.

k_v-C≥kvs]-Œdmbn ]e Pn√-I-fnepw DtZymK-Øn-en-cp∂ ImeØv el-f-Iƒ ASn-s®m-Xp-°m\pw {Inan-\¬ ]p≈n-Isf ]nSn-Iq-Sm\pw km[n®-Xns‚ t]cn¬ 1911 ¬ U¬ln U¿_m¿ lmfn¬ A©mw tPm¿÷v N{I-h¿Øn At±-l-Øn\v t]meokv saU¬ \¬In-bn-cp-∂p. 1929 awK-em-]p-csØ kmap-Zm-bnI el-fsb Aa¿®-sN-bvX-Xns\ Pn√m PUvPn hn[n \ymb-Øn¬ {]tXyIw {]iw-kn-®p.

1939 emWv amln≥iw-\mSv DtZym-K-Øn¬ \n∂v ]ncn-bp-∂-Xv. Cu Ah-k-c-Øn-emWv ss{]adn apkvenw eoKv cq]o-I-cn-°m\pw Pn√m eoKv cq]o-I-cn-°m\pw D∏n kmln-_ns‚ km∂n-≤y-ap-≠m-hp-∂-Xv. Ah¿ XΩn¬ \nc-¥cw _‘-s∏-Sp-am-bn-cp-∂p. {Kma-߃ tXmdpw tIm˛-Hm-∏-td‰ohv tÃmdp-Iƒ ÿm]n-°m≥ A£oWw bXv\n-®Xv D∏n kmln_pw lmPn-am-ln≥iw-t\mSpw tN¿∂m-Wv. bp≤-Øns‚ sISp-Xn-I-fn¬ \c-In°p∂ ]mh-s∏-´¿°pw km[m-c-W-°m¿°pw th≠n XymK-a-\-ÿn-Xn-tbmsS-bp≈ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fmWv Ch¿ \S-Øn-b-Xv. sX°≥ I¿ÆmSI Pn√°v Hcn-°epw hnkva-cn-°m-\m-hmØ Aaqeytk-h-\-ß-fmWv Ch¿ sNbvX-sX∂v Sn.-D-ss_Zv kmln-_ns‚ ]e teJ-\-ß-fnepw FSpØp ]d-™n-´p-≠v.

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P\-{]-Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ P\Zmk-∑m¿ 1968˛s]m≥Ip-∂Øv apkvenw eoKns‚ alm-k-tΩ-f\w \S-°p-∂p. tX°-Sn°pw tIm´-bØ - n\pw at≤y ss{IkvXh tI{µ-amb s]m≥Ip-∂Øv eoKv ktΩ-f\w \S-°p-∂Xv ]e-cnepw IuXp-Ia - p-W¿Øn. ap≠-°b - Øv \n∂pw Cucm-‰p-t]-´b - n¬ \n∂pw ktΩ-f\ - Ø - n\v {]Xn-\n-[n-Is - f-Øn. {]IS\w Bcw- ` n- ° p- ∂ - X n∂v sXm´p ap≥]v Nm‰¬ag XpS- ß n. t\Xm°ƒs°ms° tIºv sNøm≥ A∂v Sn.-_n-bmWv G¿∏mSv sNbvXX - v.

Fw.-F-kv.-F^v kwÿm\ {]kn-U‚ v F∂ \nebv°v Rm\pw Sn._n.-bn-se-Øn.

D®°v ISp-°m-ae kvIqfn-em-bn-cp∂p Fw.-F-kv.-F^v I¨sh≥j≥. ]n∂oSv t]meokv kq{]-≠mb Ip™n-sam-bvXo≥ Ip´n-bmWv A∂v Pn√m {]kn-U‚ v. Fw.sI dmhp-Ø¿ sshkv {]kn-U‚pw I¨sh≥j\v a{¥n \lmkm-ln_v FØpw F∂-dn™ s]mXp P\-߃ kvIqfn∂p ]pdØp XSn®p IqSn-bn-cp-∂p. {]kwKw \o´m≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-\mbt∏mƒ Rm≥ tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ IY ]d™p XpS-ßn. IpSn-bm-∑m¿°v th≠n hmZn® P∑n-bpsS IY tI´v kvIqfn∂p ]pdØv D≈-h¿ AI-tØ°v X≈n°b-dn. IY ]d-™p-Xo¿∂-t∏m-gmWv \lm-km-ln_v s]mXpktΩf\w D¬Lm-S\w sNømt\ FØp-I-bp≈q F∂-dn-bp-∂-Xv. tIm´bw apX¬ s]m≥Ip-∂w-hsc kpi-‡-amb t]meokv ImhG¿s∏- S p- Ø n- b n- c p- ∂ p. ]cn- k chmkn- I ƒ Fs¥- ∂ n- √ mØ Bth- i 60

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tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v

tØmsS hgn-bn¬ ImØp-\n¬°p-∂p. N{µnI \yqkv FUn-‰dpw A∂v kwÿm\ apkvenw eoKv tPm.-sk-{I-´-dn-bp-amb ]n.-Fw.-A-_q-_-°-tdmsSm∏w \lm-km-ln_v Sn.-_n-bn-se-Øn. Bfp-Iƒ Xnßn-\n-d™ Sn.-_nbnse CSp-ßnb CS-\m-gn-I-bn-eqsS \lm-km-ln_v apdn-bn-se-Øn. ]ns∂ \nth- Z - \ - ß - f psS A´n- t ∏- d m- b n- c p- ∂ p. At∏m- g mWv Fw.- F - k v . - F ^v I¨sh≥j-\n¬ Rm≥ tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ IY ]d™ hnhcw Btcm \lmkmln-_ns‚ {i≤-bn¬ s]Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. \nth-ZI kwLß-tfm-Smbn a{¥n \lm-km-ln_v ]d-™p. ""Rm≥ \nß-fn¬ Hcp-h-\mWv. a{¥n-bm-bn-t∏m-sb-t∂-bp-≈q. P\-{]-Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ P\-ß-fpsS Zmk∑m-cm-sW∂v Ckvam-Cu¬ kmln_pw D∏n-km-ln_pw apkvenw eoKn-eqsS-bmWv \sΩ-sbms° ]Tn-∏n-®-Xv.'' s]mXptbmK-Ønse {]kw-K-Ønepw \lm-km-ln_v Bh¿Øn-®p.

JmCsZ an√Øpw ko-Xn-km-ln_pw t]m°¿ kmln_pw D∏n kmln_pw ÿm\-߃ H∂pw tNmZn®p hmßn-b-h-c-√. F√m ÿm-\-ßfpw Ahsc tXSn-sb-Øn-b-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.'' ""ip{`-kp-µ-c-amb hy‡n-Xz-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ \lm-km-ln-_ns‚ hniZo-I-c-W-Øn¬ Id-]p-c-fmØ s]mXpPohn-X-Øns‚ DS-a-bm-bn-cp∂ D∏nkm-ln-_ns\ ]e XhW ]cm-a¿in-®p.

D∏n-km-ln-_ns\ t∏mse \s√mcp ]pkvXI tiJ-c-Øns‚ DS-a-bmbn-cp∂p \lm-km-ln-s_∂v dlow tat®cn Hcn-°¬ ]d-™-tXm¿°p∂p. C.-Fw.F tImtf-Pn∂v th≠n At±-lØ - ns‚ sse{_-dn-bnse ]pkvXI-߃ G‰p-hm-ßm≥ F≥.-hn.-C-{_m-ln-ans‚ IqsS sN∂-t∏m-gm-Ws{X Cu Imcyw a\- n-em-b-Xv. 1952 ¬ D∏n-km-ln_v aZn-cm-in \nb-a-k-`-bn-te°v a’-cn®p Pbn-°ptºmƒ \lm kmln_v s{]mUyq-tkgvkv Iw˛-I¨kyq-tagvkv tIm˛-Hm∏-td-‰ohv skmssk-‰n-bpsS sXsc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ hfsc hmin-tb-dnb a’c-Øn¬ G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ thm´p t\Sn hnP-b{io emfn-X-\m-hp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. ]n∂oSv \lm-km-ln_v B skmssk-‰n-bpsS {]kn-U‚p-am-bn. ]n∂oSv F√m sXsc-s™-Sp-∏p-I-fnepw Cukn hmt°m-h-dp-am-bn. *****

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tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v

s]m´mØ s]m≥\qN{µnI amt\-PnwKv Ub-d-Œ-dm-bn-cp∂ F.sI Ip™n-am-b≥ lmPnbm-bn-cp∂p IXn-cq-cnse kn.hn A_q-_-°¿ lmPnsb apkvenw {]n‚nwKv B‚ v ]ªn-jnwKv Iº-\n-bpsS sjb¿ tlmƒU-dm-°n-b-Xv. ssakq¿ U¿_m¿ tlm´¬ DS-a-ÿ-\m-bn-cp∂ A_q-_-°¿ lmPn°v IpSpw_ _‘-tØ-°m-fp-]cn Ip™nam-b≥ lmPn-bpw -D-∏n-km-ln_pw ktlm-Zc≥ {]ikvX hnj-lmcn Xe-°m-WØv aΩ-Zvlm-Pn-bp-sams° hgn-Im-´nI-fm-bn-cp-∂p.

A_q-_-°¿ lmPn koa¥ ]p{Xn kplvd-b°v ]pXn-bm-∏n-fsb FSp-°p-tºmƒ D∏n-km-ln-_n-t\mSv hnhcw ]d-™p. kn.sI apl-Ω-Zns‚ Xd-hm´v aln-abpw DtZym-K-s∏-cp-abpw Hs° D∏n-km-ln_v tI´-dn-™p.

Imt\mØv ]S-Øn¬ sh®v A_q-_-°¿ lmPn-tbmSv D∏n kmln_v ]d™Xv ""CXv \ΩpsS kz¥w Ip´n-bm-sW-∂mWv'' D∏n-km-ln_n∂v kn.-sI.-ap-l-Ω-Zns\ a{Zm-kn¬ sh®v BZyta ]cnN-b-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

A_q-_-°¿ lmPn-bpsS aq∂m-asØ ]p{Xnsb Rm≥ hnhmlw sNøp-tºmƒ lmPn kmln_v ac-W-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. A∂v D∏n kmln_pw aΩ-Zvlm-Pnbpw Pohn-®n-cn-∏p-≠v. Fs∂-°p-dn®v h[p-hns‚ aqØ-Im-cWh¿ F∂ \ne-bn¬ aΩZvlmPn At\z-jn-®Xv kn.sI ]n.-sN-dnb aΩp-t°-bntbm-Sm-Wv. 62

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tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v

kn.sI apl-Ω-Zn-s\-°p-dn®v D∏n-km-ln_v ]d-™-Xp-t]mse CXp \ΩpsS kz¥w Ip´n-bm-Wv.-F∂v tIbn kmln_v ]d-™-t{X. Xe-°m-WØv Xd-hm-Sp-ambn _‘-ap≈ C.-A-l-ΩZv kmln-_mWv Rm≥ IeymWw Ign-°p-tºmƒ Fw.-F-kv.-F^v kwÿm\ {]kn-U‚mb F\n°v Imt\mØv ]S-Øn¬ \n∂v BZy-ambn a[pc ]m\obw \¬In-bXv. Al-ΩZv kmln-_ns‚ IÆq-cnse a°m-SØpw Fcp-h-´n-bnse Xe°m-WØpw sI´p _‘-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. _‘-ßf - psS IÆnIƒ A‰p t]mhmsX kq£n-°m≥ _‘p-°ƒ°v ]e-ap-tJ-\bpw km[n-®n-cp-∂p. Ip´n-Iƒ°v t]¿ hnfn-°p-∂X - n¬ t]mepw Xd-hm-´nse Imc-Wh - Ø - n-Iƒ {]tXyIw {i≤n-®p. {]k-hn-®m¬ Ip´n-bpsS sNhn-´n¬ _m¶pw CJmaØpw sImSp-°p-∂X - n-s\-∏‰n Xe-t»-cn-bn¬ kn.F®v {]kw-Kn-®t- ∏mƒ Ip´n-Iƒ°v t]cn-Sp-∂X - ns\ kw_-‘n®pw ]cm-a¿in®n-cp-∂p. A∂v thZnbnep-≠m-bn-cp∂ D∏n-km-ln_pw aΩZv lmPn-bp-sams° tIbokv _w•m-hnseØn-bt- ∏mƒ sNm¢n-bnse hn.]n Aen kmln_v t]cnS¬ ]pcm-Ws - Ø-∏‰n hmNm-e\ - m-bXv Hm¿°p-∂p. s]m´mØ s]m≥ \qep-t]m-se, t]cp-Iƒ thcp-Iƒ IWs° D∏nkm-ln-_ns‚ ss]Xr-IsØ C∂pw \ne-\n¿Øp-∂p.

D∏n kmln- _ ns‚ kl- [ ¿ΩnWn Iøq- a - b psS t]¿ ktlmZcn]p{X≥(-am-b≥) am™p-Im-°-bpsS aIƒ°v Nm¿Øn-s°m-Sp-Øp. D∏nkm-ln-_ns‚ ]nXm-hns‚ t]cmb amb≥ D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ aI\pw C´p.

Fßns\ t]¿ h∂p-sh-∂-dn-™n√ Fs‚ amXm-hn-s‚bpw amXr ktlm-Z-cn-bp-sSbpw t]cp-I-fmWv D∏n-km-ln_v Xs‚ s]¨a-°ƒ°v hnfn-®-Xv. Ip™m-anbpw Ip™n-∏m-Øphpw Xe-°m-WØv \n∂v IÆq-cnse sI´p _‘-Øn¬ ]nd∂ A‘\mb DΩ¿° Fgp-]-Xp-I-fpsS BZy-Øn¬ IXn-cq-cnse Bbnjm a≥knen¬ h∂v ]mSm-dp≈ ]gb ]m´p-Iƒ Rmt\m¿°p-∂p. Iøq-abpw adn-bØm-Øbpw D∏nbpw D∏-cnbpw Ip™m-an-Øm-Øbpw am-b\pw Ip™n-amb\pw am™phpw \nd-™p-\n¬°m-dp≈ ]m´n¬ s]m∂mc IZo-kqs\ IS-∂¬ IpØn-bXp hsc s]Spw.-t]-cp-Iƒ tXSn tIm´-bØv \n∂v IXncq¿ hgn IÆq-cn-te°v Xncn-®m¬ At\z-j-W-Øn¬ Ncn{X apØp-Iƒ s]dp-°n-sb-Sp°m\m-hpw. *****

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tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v

l¿Øm¬ Zn\-Øn¬ A¥yw ""Fs‚ ac-W-Øn¬ A\p-tim-Nn®v l¿Øm¬ BN-cn-°-cp-Xv. s]mXp Hgnhv {]Jym-]n-°p-I-bp-a-cp-Xv. Cßs\ Hcp HkyØv ]d™p \S∂ t\Xmhv D∏n-km-ln_v am{XamWv. hn[n ssh]-co-Xy-sa∂v ]d-bs´ B acWw \S-°p∂ Znhkw Hcp l¿Øm- e m- b n- c p- ∂ p. t^m¨ kuI- c yhpw hml\ kuI- c yhpw C√mØXn\m¬ acWw ]pdw-tem-I-a-dn-bm≥ sshIn. D∏n-km-ln_pw Xe-t»-cnbpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘-sØ-°p-dn®v Adn™Xp sIm≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√, D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ acWw BZyw Adn-bn-t°≠Xv tIbn kmln-_n-s\-bmWv F∂ Xncn-®-dnhv sIm≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp a≤y hb-kvI≥ ssk°nƒ Nhn´n \mgn-I-Iƒ Xm≠n Xe-t»-cn-bnFØn-b-Xv. Xs‚ Hm^o-kn¬ \n∂v tIbokv _w•m-hn-te°v Cdßsh-bmWv hnb¿Øp Ipfn®p h∂ Bƒ D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ ac-W-hn-hcw tIbo kmln-_ns\ Adn-bn-°p-∂-Xv. tIbn kmln_v BZyw hnfn-®-dn-bn-®Xv N{µn-I-bn-te-°m-Wv. B sse‰n-\nwKv tImƒ hgn BImihmWn°pw hm¿Ø In´n. ]ns∂ tIbn 64

t\Xr-kvar-Xn-k© - nI

tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v

kmln-_ns‚ Hm^o-knse t^mWn\v hn{i-a-ap-≠m-bn-´n-√. ac-W-hn-hcw Adn-bn-°m≥ Bsf \n¿Øn D∏n kmln-_ns‚ P\mk Im-Wm≥ ImdnXncn-°p-tºmƒ B IÆp-Iƒ Cud-\-Wn-™n-cp-∂p.

D∏n kmln_v iøm- h - e - _ n- b m- b - t ∏mƒ IrXym- ¥ c _mlp- e y߃°nS-bn¬ sN∂p I≠ kn.-F®v c≠p XhW I¨]o-en-Iƒ XpS-®Xmbn D∏n kmln-_ns‚ aI≥ap-l-Ω-Zen ]d-™-tXm¿°p-∂p.

B[p-\nI NnIn-’-I-sfms° Xnc-kvI-cn®v ac-W-°n-S-°-bn¬ Ignbp∂ _m∏ms\ I≠v kn.-F®v Ic-™p. kn.-F-®ns\ I≠-t∏mƒ F√m kpJ-t°-Sp-Ifpw amdn F∂ `mh-Øn¬ _m∏ Fgp-t∂‰v Itk-e-bnamdn Ccp-∂-t∏mƒ aI-t\mSpw Ic™p t]mbn.

D∏n kmln-_ns‚ {KŸ-∏p-c-bpsS XI¿® I≠mWv kn.-F-®ns‚ IÆp-Iƒ ho≠pw \nd-™-sX∂v apl-Ω-Zen ]d-™n-cp-∂p.

D∏n kmln-_ns‚ Hmtcm Nca Zn\-Ønepw N{µn-I-bn¬ Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ I≠m¬ apl-Ω-Zen hnfn°pw: ""F√m-hcpw ad∂ _m∏sb \nß-sf-¶nepw Hm¿°p-∂-t√m......'' Fs∂ms° ]d-bpw. apl-Ω-Z-en-bpsS ac-Whpw BIkvan-I-am-bn-cp-∂p.

1972 sabv ]Xn-s\m-∂n\v D∏n kmln_v acn-°p-tºmƒ F¨]ØnH∂v hb- m-bn-cp∂p. hm¿≤-Iy-Øns‚ £oW-a-√msX ]d-b-Ø° a‰v AkpJ-ß-sfm∂pw At±-l-Øn\v C√m-bn-cp-∂p. hn]p-e-amb NnIn’m kuIcy-߃ Fhn-sSbpw e`y-am-hp∂ kml-N-cy-߃ D≠m-bn´pw AXnsem∂pw At±-l-Øn\v Xme-]-cy-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. j¿´n\v tase ap≠pSpØv, s_¬‰n-´v, Xe-bn¬ am∏nfsØm∏nbpw [cn®v ssIØ-≠-bnhf™ Imep≈ IpSbpw Xq°n \S∂p \oßm-dp≈ D∏n kmln-_ns\ I≠-h-cpsS t]mepw Ip‰n-b‰p. B Nn{X-߃°pw aß-te-‰p. thZ-\n-∏n-°p-∂Xv, At±-l-Øn\v DNn-X-amb Hcp kvamcIw t]mepw Db¿∂n√ F∂-Xm-Wv. hnZym-]p-cn-bnse A£-c-ap-Øn\v Xe-t»-cn-bnHcp {KŸ-∏pc t]mepw Bcw-`n-°m-\-mbn-√. \S∂p \oßnb Ncn{X `qanbn¬ hmc-t°m¬ \of-Øn¬ Hcp tdmUv t]mepw D≠m-bn-√. F∂mA`ykvX hnZy-cp-sSbpw kwip≤ cm{„ob°mcp-sSbpw P\tkh-I-cpsSbpw a\- ns‚ amWn-Iy-s°m-´m-c-Øn¬ B amXrIm ]pcp-j\v ÿm\ap-≠mhpw F∂-Xn¬ kwi-b-an-√. *****

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